[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163689},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method":3,"nav-reference":1847},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1840,"extension":1841,"meta":1842,"navigation":301,"path":1843,"seo":1844,"stem":1845,"__hash__":1846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1813},"minimark",[9,13,31,38,43,129,135,139,157,160,179,187,191,194,215,233,236,326,329,371,382,386,389,455,457,490,493,500,504,507,649,651,712,721,776,778,805,812,822,826,829,836,888,890,916,922,976,978,1003,1006,1030,1036,1040,1044,1047,1105,1107,1115,1118,1141,1144,1197,1199,1223,1227,1230,1272,1274,1282,1288,1292,1344,1346,1372,1382,1386,1391,1400,1402,1472,1474,1507,1511,1516,1519,1533,1536,1618,1620,1647,1651,1655,1663,1667,1674,1678,1681,1683,1738,1740,1766,1770,1779,1783,1809],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-append-method",[14,15,16,17,21,22,26,27,30],"p",{},"The ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"append()"," method adds ",[23,24,25],"strong",{},"one item"," to the ",[23,28,29],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,32,33,34,37],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[23,35,36],{},"not"," create a new list.",[39,40,42],"h2",{"id":41},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[44,45,50],"pre",{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n","python","",[18,51,52,87,109,122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54,57,61,65,69,73,76,79,81,84],"span",{"class":55,"line":56},"line",1,[53,58,60],{"class":59},"su5hD","numbers ",[53,62,64],{"class":63},"smGrS","=",[53,66,68],{"class":67},"sP7_E"," [",[53,70,72],{"class":71},"srdBf","1",[53,74,75],{"class":67},",",[53,77,78],{"class":71}," 2",[53,80,75],{"class":67},[53,82,83],{"class":71}," 3",[53,85,86],{"class":67},"]\n",[53,88,90,93,96,100,103,106],{"class":55,"line":89},2,[53,91,92],{"class":59},"numbers",[53,94,95],{"class":67},".",[53,97,99],{"class":98},"slqww","append",[53,101,102],{"class":67},"(",[53,104,105],{"class":71},"4",[53,107,108],{"class":67},")\n",[53,110,112,116,118,120],{"class":55,"line":111},3,[53,113,115],{"class":114},"sptTA","print",[53,117,102],{"class":67},[53,119,92],{"class":98},[53,121,108],{"class":67},[53,123,125],{"class":55,"line":124},4,[53,126,128],{"class":127},"sutJx","# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,130,131,132,134],{},"Use ",[18,133,20],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[39,136,138],{"id":137},"what-append-does","What append() does",[140,141,142,148,151,154],"ul",{},[143,144,145,147],"li",{},[18,146,20],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[143,149,150],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[143,152,153],{},"It does not create a new list",[143,155,156],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,158,159],{},"This means you can append:",[140,161,162,164,167,170,173,176],{},[143,163,92],{},[143,165,166],{},"strings",[143,168,169],{},"booleans",[143,171,172],{},"lists",[143,174,175],{},"dictionaries",[143,177,178],{},"custom objects",[14,180,181,182,95],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[183,184,186],"a",{"href":185},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",[39,188,190],{"id":189},"syntax","Syntax",[14,192,193],{},"Basic form:",[44,195,197],{"className":46,"code":196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,198,199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,200,201,204,206,208,210,213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,202,203],{"class":59},"my_list",[53,205,95],{"class":67},[53,207,99],{"class":98},[53,209,102],{"class":67},[53,211,212],{"class":98},"item",[53,214,108],{"class":67},[140,216,217,222,227],{},[143,218,219,221],{},[18,220,203],{}," is the list you want to change",[143,223,224,226],{},[18,225,212],{}," is the value or object to add",[143,228,229,230],{},"The method returns ",[18,231,232],{},"None",[14,234,235],{},"Example:",[44,237,239],{"className":46,"code":238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,240,241,272,297,303,314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,242,243,246,248,250,254,258,260,262,265,268,270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,244,245],{"class":59},"fruits ",[53,247,64],{"class":63},[53,249,68],{"class":67},[53,251,253],{"class":252},"sjJ54","\"",[53,255,257],{"class":256},"s_sjI","apple",[53,259,253],{"class":252},[53,261,75],{"class":67},[53,263,264],{"class":252}," \"",[53,266,267],{"class":256},"banana",[53,269,253],{"class":252},[53,271,86],{"class":67},[53,273,274,277,279,282,284,286,288,290,293,295],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,275,276],{"class":59},"result ",[53,278,64],{"class":63},[53,280,281],{"class":59}," fruits",[53,283,95],{"class":67},[53,285,99],{"class":98},[53,287,102],{"class":67},[53,289,253],{"class":252},[53,291,292],{"class":256},"orange",[53,294,253],{"class":252},[53,296,108],{"class":67},[53,298,299],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,300,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},true,"\n",[53,304,305,307,309,312],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,306,115],{"class":114},[53,308,102],{"class":67},[53,310,311],{"class":98},"fruits",[53,313,108],{"class":67},[53,315,317,319,321,324],{"class":55,"line":316},5,[53,318,115],{"class":114},[53,320,102],{"class":67},[53,322,323],{"class":98},"result",[53,325,108],{"class":67},[14,327,328],{},"Output:",[44,330,332],{"className":46,"code":331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,333,334,365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,335,336,339,342,344,346,348,351,353,355,357,359,361,363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,337,338],{"class":67},"[",[53,340,341],{"class":252},"'",[53,343,257],{"class":256},[53,345,341],{"class":252},[53,347,75],{"class":67},[53,349,350],{"class":252}," '",[53,352,267],{"class":256},[53,354,341],{"class":252},[53,356,75],{"class":67},[53,358,350],{"class":252},[53,360,292],{"class":256},[53,362,341],{"class":252},[53,364,86],{"class":67},[53,366,367],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,368,370],{"class":369},"s39Yj","None\n",[14,372,373,374,376,377,379,380,95],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,375,20],{}," updates ",[18,378,311],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,381,232],{},[39,383,385],{"id":384},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,387,388],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[44,390,392],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,393,394,421,441,445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,395,396,399,401,403,405,408,410,412,414,417,419],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,397,398],{"class":59},"colors ",[53,400,64],{"class":63},[53,402,68],{"class":67},[53,404,253],{"class":252},[53,406,407],{"class":256},"red",[53,409,253],{"class":252},[53,411,75],{"class":67},[53,413,264],{"class":252},[53,415,416],{"class":256},"blue",[53,418,253],{"class":252},[53,420,86],{"class":67},[53,422,423,426,428,430,432,434,437,439],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,424,425],{"class":59},"colors",[53,427,95],{"class":67},[53,429,99],{"class":98},[53,431,102],{"class":67},[53,433,253],{"class":252},[53,435,436],{"class":256},"green",[53,438,253],{"class":252},[53,440,108],{"class":67},[53,442,443],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,444,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,446,447,449,451,453],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,448,115],{"class":114},[53,450,102],{"class":67},[53,452,425],{"class":98},[53,454,108],{"class":67},[14,456,328],{},[44,458,460],{"className":46,"code":459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,461,462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,463,464,466,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,486,488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,465,338],{"class":67},[53,467,341],{"class":252},[53,469,407],{"class":256},[53,471,341],{"class":252},[53,473,75],{"class":67},[53,475,350],{"class":252},[53,477,416],{"class":256},[53,479,341],{"class":252},[53,481,75],{"class":67},[53,483,350],{"class":252},[53,485,436],{"class":256},[53,487,341],{"class":252},[53,489,86],{"class":67},[14,491,492],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,494,495,496,95],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[183,497,499],{"href":498},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[39,501,503],{"id":502},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,505,506],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[44,508,510],{"className":46,"code":509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,511,512,522,526,542,561,576,608,633,638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,513,514,517,519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,515,516],{"class":59},"items ",[53,518,64],{"class":63},[53,520,521],{"class":67}," []\n",[53,523,524],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,525,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,527,528,531,533,535,537,540],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,529,530],{"class":59},"items",[53,532,95],{"class":67},[53,534,99],{"class":98},[53,536,102],{"class":67},[53,538,539],{"class":71},"10",[53,541,108],{"class":67},[53,543,544,546,548,550,552,554,557,559],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,545,530],{"class":59},[53,547,95],{"class":67},[53,549,99],{"class":98},[53,551,102],{"class":67},[53,553,253],{"class":252},[53,555,556],{"class":256},"hello",[53,558,253],{"class":252},[53,560,108],{"class":67},[53,562,563,565,567,569,571,574],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,564,530],{"class":59},[53,566,95],{"class":67},[53,568,99],{"class":98},[53,570,102],{"class":67},[53,572,573],{"class":369},"True",[53,575,108],{"class":67},[53,577,579,581,583,585,588,590,593,595,598,600,603,605],{"class":55,"line":578},6,[53,580,530],{"class":59},[53,582,95],{"class":67},[53,584,99],{"class":98},[53,586,587],{"class":67},"({",[53,589,253],{"class":252},[53,591,592],{"class":256},"name",[53,594,253],{"class":252},[53,596,597],{"class":67},":",[53,599,264],{"class":252},[53,601,602],{"class":256},"Sam",[53,604,253],{"class":252},[53,606,607],{"class":67},"})\n",[53,609,611,613,615,617,620,622,624,626,628,630],{"class":55,"line":610},7,[53,612,530],{"class":59},[53,614,95],{"class":67},[53,616,99],{"class":98},[53,618,619],{"class":67},"([",[53,621,72],{"class":71},[53,623,75],{"class":67},[53,625,78],{"class":71},[53,627,75],{"class":67},[53,629,83],{"class":71},[53,631,632],{"class":67},"])\n",[53,634,636],{"class":55,"line":635},8,[53,637,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,639,641,643,645,647],{"class":55,"line":640},9,[53,642,115],{"class":114},[53,644,102],{"class":67},[53,646,530],{"class":98},[53,648,108],{"class":67},[14,650,328],{},[44,652,654],{"className":46,"code":653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,655,656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,657,658,660,662,664,666,668,670,672,675,677,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,694,697,699,701,703,705,707,709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,659,338],{"class":67},[53,661,539],{"class":71},[53,663,75],{"class":67},[53,665,350],{"class":252},[53,667,556],{"class":256},[53,669,341],{"class":252},[53,671,75],{"class":67},[53,673,674],{"class":369}," True",[53,676,75],{"class":67},[53,678,679],{"class":67}," {",[53,681,341],{"class":252},[53,683,592],{"class":256},[53,685,341],{"class":252},[53,687,597],{"class":67},[53,689,350],{"class":252},[53,691,602],{"class":256},[53,693,341],{"class":252},[53,695,696],{"class":67},"},",[53,698,68],{"class":67},[53,700,72],{"class":71},[53,702,75],{"class":67},[53,704,78],{"class":71},[53,706,75],{"class":67},[53,708,83],{"class":71},[53,710,711],{"class":67},"]]\n",[14,713,714,715,717,718,95],{},"A list added with ",[18,716,20],{}," becomes ",[23,719,720],{},"one single item",[44,722,724],{"className":46,"code":723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,725,726,742,762,766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,727,728,730,732,734,736,738,740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,729,60],{"class":59},[53,731,64],{"class":63},[53,733,68],{"class":67},[53,735,72],{"class":71},[53,737,75],{"class":67},[53,739,78],{"class":71},[53,741,86],{"class":67},[53,743,744,746,748,750,752,755,757,760],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,745,92],{"class":59},[53,747,95],{"class":67},[53,749,99],{"class":98},[53,751,619],{"class":67},[53,753,754],{"class":71},"3",[53,756,75],{"class":67},[53,758,759],{"class":71}," 4",[53,761,632],{"class":67},[53,763,764],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,765,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,767,768,770,772,774],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,769,115],{"class":114},[53,771,102],{"class":67},[53,773,92],{"class":98},[53,775,108],{"class":67},[14,777,328],{},[44,779,781],{"className":46,"code":780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,782,783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,784,785,787,789,791,793,795,797,799,801,803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,786,338],{"class":67},[53,788,72],{"class":71},[53,790,75],{"class":67},[53,792,78],{"class":71},[53,794,75],{"class":67},[53,796,68],{"class":67},[53,798,754],{"class":71},[53,800,75],{"class":67},[53,802,759],{"class":71},[53,804,711],{"class":67},[14,806,807,808,811],{},"Notice that ",[18,809,810],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,813,814,815,821],{},"This is different from ",[183,816,818],{"href":817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,819,820],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[39,823,825],{"id":824},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,827,828],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[830,831,833,834],"h3",{"id":832},"using-append","Using ",[18,835,20],{},[44,837,838],{"className":46,"code":723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,839,840,856,874,878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,841,842,844,846,848,850,852,854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,843,60],{"class":59},[53,845,64],{"class":63},[53,847,68],{"class":67},[53,849,72],{"class":71},[53,851,75],{"class":67},[53,853,78],{"class":71},[53,855,86],{"class":67},[53,857,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,859,92],{"class":59},[53,861,95],{"class":67},[53,863,99],{"class":98},[53,865,619],{"class":67},[53,867,754],{"class":71},[53,869,75],{"class":67},[53,871,759],{"class":71},[53,873,632],{"class":67},[53,875,876],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,877,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,879,880,882,884,886],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,881,115],{"class":114},[53,883,102],{"class":67},[53,885,92],{"class":98},[53,887,108],{"class":67},[14,889,328],{},[44,891,892],{"className":46,"code":780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,893,894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,895,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,897,338],{"class":67},[53,899,72],{"class":71},[53,901,75],{"class":67},[53,903,78],{"class":71},[53,905,75],{"class":67},[53,907,68],{"class":67},[53,909,754],{"class":71},[53,911,75],{"class":67},[53,913,759],{"class":71},[53,915,711],{"class":67},[830,917,833,919],{"id":918},"using-extend",[18,920,921],{},"extend()",[44,923,925],{"className":46,"code":924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,926,927,943,962,966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,928,929,931,933,935,937,939,941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,930,60],{"class":59},[53,932,64],{"class":63},[53,934,68],{"class":67},[53,936,72],{"class":71},[53,938,75],{"class":67},[53,940,78],{"class":71},[53,942,86],{"class":67},[53,944,945,947,949,952,954,956,958,960],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,946,92],{"class":59},[53,948,95],{"class":67},[53,950,951],{"class":98},"extend",[53,953,619],{"class":67},[53,955,754],{"class":71},[53,957,75],{"class":67},[53,959,759],{"class":71},[53,961,632],{"class":67},[53,963,964],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,965,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,967,968,970,972,974],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,969,115],{"class":114},[53,971,102],{"class":67},[53,973,92],{"class":98},[53,975,108],{"class":67},[14,977,328],{},[44,979,981],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,982,983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,984,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,986,338],{"class":67},[53,988,72],{"class":71},[53,990,75],{"class":67},[53,992,78],{"class":71},[53,994,75],{"class":67},[53,996,83],{"class":71},[53,998,75],{"class":67},[53,1000,759],{"class":71},[53,1002,86],{"class":67},[14,1004,1005],{},"The difference:",[140,1007,1008,1014,1020,1025],{},[143,1009,1010,1013],{},[18,1011,1012],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[143,1015,1016,1019],{},[18,1017,1018],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[143,1021,131,1022,1024],{},[18,1023,20],{}," for one item",[143,1026,131,1027,1029],{},[18,1028,921],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,1031,1032,1033,95],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[183,1034,1035],{"href":817},"Python list extend() method",[39,1037,1039],{"id":1038},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[830,1041,1043],{"id":1042},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,1045,1046],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[44,1048,1050],{"className":46,"code":1049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,1051,1052,1072,1091,1095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1053,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1055,516],{"class":59},[53,1057,64],{"class":63},[53,1059,68],{"class":67},[53,1061,72],{"class":71},[53,1063,75],{"class":67},[53,1065,78],{"class":71},[53,1067,75],{"class":67},[53,1069,83],{"class":71},[53,1071,86],{"class":67},[53,1073,1074,1076,1078,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1075,516],{"class":59},[53,1077,64],{"class":63},[53,1079,1080],{"class":59}," items",[53,1082,95],{"class":67},[53,1084,99],{"class":98},[53,1086,102],{"class":67},[53,1088,105],{"class":71},[53,1090,108],{"class":67},[53,1092,1093],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1094,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1096,1097,1099,1101,1103],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1098,115],{"class":114},[53,1100,102],{"class":67},[53,1102,530],{"class":98},[53,1104,108],{"class":67},[14,1106,328],{},[44,1108,1109],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1110,1111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1112,1113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1114,370],{"class":369},[14,1116,1117],{},"Why this happens:",[140,1119,1120,1125,1132],{},[143,1121,1122,1124],{},[18,1123,20],{}," changes the list in place",[143,1126,1127,1129,1130],{},[18,1128,20],{}," returns ",[18,1131,232],{},[143,1133,1134,1135,1138,1139],{},"So ",[18,1136,1137],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,1140,232],{},[14,1142,1143],{},"Correct version:",[44,1145,1147],{"className":46,"code":1146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,1148,1149,1169,1183,1187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1150,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1152,516],{"class":59},[53,1154,64],{"class":63},[53,1156,68],{"class":67},[53,1158,72],{"class":71},[53,1160,75],{"class":67},[53,1162,78],{"class":71},[53,1164,75],{"class":67},[53,1166,83],{"class":71},[53,1168,86],{"class":67},[53,1170,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1172,530],{"class":59},[53,1174,95],{"class":67},[53,1176,99],{"class":98},[53,1178,102],{"class":67},[53,1180,105],{"class":71},[53,1182,108],{"class":67},[53,1184,1185],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1186,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1188,1189,1191,1193,1195],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1190,115],{"class":114},[53,1192,102],{"class":67},[53,1194,530],{"class":98},[53,1196,108],{"class":67},[14,1198,328],{},[44,1200,1201],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1202,1203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1206,338],{"class":67},[53,1208,72],{"class":71},[53,1210,75],{"class":67},[53,1212,78],{"class":71},[53,1214,75],{"class":67},[53,1216,83],{"class":71},[53,1218,75],{"class":67},[53,1220,759],{"class":71},[53,1222,86],{"class":67},[830,1224,1226],{"id":1225},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,1228,1229],{},"Wrong idea:",[44,1231,1233],{"className":46,"code":1232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,1234,1235,1261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1236,1237,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1253,1255,1257,1259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1238,1239],{"class":59},"updated ",[53,1241,64],{"class":63},[53,1243,68],{"class":67},[53,1245,72],{"class":71},[53,1247,75],{"class":67},[53,1249,78],{"class":71},[53,1251,1252],{"class":67},"].",[53,1254,99],{"class":98},[53,1256,102],{"class":67},[53,1258,754],{"class":71},[53,1260,108],{"class":67},[53,1262,1263,1265,1267,1270],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1264,115],{"class":114},[53,1266,102],{"class":67},[53,1268,1269],{"class":98},"updated",[53,1271,108],{"class":67},[14,1273,328],{},[44,1275,1276],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1277,1278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1279,1280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1281,370],{"class":369},[14,1283,1284,1285,1287],{},"Remember: ",[18,1286,20],{}," updates the list you already have.",[830,1289,1291],{"id":1290},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[44,1293,1294],{"className":46,"code":723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1295,1296,1312,1330,1334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1297,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1299,60],{"class":59},[53,1301,64],{"class":63},[53,1303,68],{"class":67},[53,1305,72],{"class":71},[53,1307,75],{"class":67},[53,1309,78],{"class":71},[53,1311,86],{"class":67},[53,1313,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1315,92],{"class":59},[53,1317,95],{"class":67},[53,1319,99],{"class":98},[53,1321,619],{"class":67},[53,1323,754],{"class":71},[53,1325,75],{"class":67},[53,1327,759],{"class":71},[53,1329,632],{"class":67},[53,1331,1332],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1333,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1335,1336,1338,1340,1342],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1337,115],{"class":114},[53,1339,102],{"class":67},[53,1341,92],{"class":98},[53,1343,108],{"class":67},[14,1345,328],{},[44,1347,1348],{"className":46,"code":780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1349,1350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1351,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1353,338],{"class":67},[53,1355,72],{"class":71},[53,1357,75],{"class":67},[53,1359,78],{"class":71},[53,1361,75],{"class":67},[53,1363,68],{"class":67},[53,1365,754],{"class":71},[53,1367,75],{"class":67},[53,1369,759],{"class":71},[53,1371,711],{"class":67},[14,1373,1374,1375,1378,1379,1381],{},"If you expected ",[18,1376,1377],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,1380,921],{}," instead.",[830,1383,1385],{"id":1384},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,1387,1388,1390],{},[18,1389,20],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,1392,1393,1394,95],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[183,1395,1397],{"href":1396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,1398,1399],{},"list.insert()",[14,1401,235],{},[44,1403,1405],{"className":46,"code":1404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,1406,1407,1433,1458,1462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1408,1409,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1429,1431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1410,1411],{"class":59},"letters ",[53,1413,64],{"class":63},[53,1415,68],{"class":67},[53,1417,253],{"class":252},[53,1419,183],{"class":256},[53,1421,253],{"class":252},[53,1423,75],{"class":67},[53,1425,264],{"class":252},[53,1427,1428],{"class":256},"c",[53,1430,253],{"class":252},[53,1432,86],{"class":67},[53,1434,1435,1438,1440,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1454,1456],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1436,1437],{"class":59},"letters",[53,1439,95],{"class":67},[53,1441,1442],{"class":98},"insert",[53,1444,102],{"class":67},[53,1446,72],{"class":71},[53,1448,75],{"class":67},[53,1450,264],{"class":252},[53,1452,1453],{"class":256},"b",[53,1455,253],{"class":252},[53,1457,108],{"class":67},[53,1459,1460],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1461,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1463,1464,1466,1468,1470],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1465,115],{"class":114},[53,1467,102],{"class":67},[53,1469,1437],{"class":98},[53,1471,108],{"class":67},[14,1473,328],{},[44,1475,1477],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,1478,1479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1480,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1482,338],{"class":67},[53,1484,341],{"class":252},[53,1486,183],{"class":256},[53,1488,341],{"class":252},[53,1490,75],{"class":67},[53,1492,350],{"class":252},[53,1494,1453],{"class":256},[53,1496,341],{"class":252},[53,1498,75],{"class":67},[53,1500,350],{"class":252},[53,1502,1428],{"class":256},[53,1504,341],{"class":252},[53,1506,86],{"class":67},[39,1508,1510],{"id":1509},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,1512,1513,1515],{},[18,1514,20],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,1517,1518],{},"Common cases:",[140,1520,1521,1524,1527,1530],{},[143,1522,1523],{},"building a list in a loop",[143,1525,1526],{},"collecting user input",[143,1528,1529],{},"storing results step by step",[143,1531,1532],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,1534,1535],{},"Example with a loop:",[44,1537,1539],{"className":46,"code":1538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,1540,1541,1550,1554,1581,1603,1607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1542,1543,1546,1548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1544,1545],{"class":59},"squares ",[53,1547,64],{"class":63},[53,1549,521],{"class":67},[53,1551,1552],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1553,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1555,1556,1560,1563,1566,1569,1571,1573,1575,1578],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1557,1559],{"class":1558},"sVHd0","for",[53,1561,1562],{"class":59}," number ",[53,1564,1565],{"class":1558},"in",[53,1567,1568],{"class":114}," range",[53,1570,102],{"class":67},[53,1572,72],{"class":71},[53,1574,75],{"class":67},[53,1576,1577],{"class":71}," 5",[53,1579,1580],{"class":67},"):\n",[53,1582,1583,1586,1588,1590,1592,1595,1598,1601],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1584,1585],{"class":59},"    squares",[53,1587,95],{"class":67},[53,1589,99],{"class":98},[53,1591,102],{"class":67},[53,1593,1594],{"class":98},"number ",[53,1596,1597],{"class":63},"*",[53,1599,1600],{"class":98}," number",[53,1602,108],{"class":67},[53,1604,1605],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,1606,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1608,1609,1611,1613,1616],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,1610,115],{"class":114},[53,1612,102],{"class":67},[53,1614,1615],{"class":98},"squares",[53,1617,108],{"class":67},[14,1619,328],{},[44,1621,1623],{"className":46,"code":1622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,1624,1625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1626,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1640,1642,1645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1628,338],{"class":67},[53,1630,72],{"class":71},[53,1632,75],{"class":67},[53,1634,759],{"class":71},[53,1636,75],{"class":67},[53,1638,1639],{"class":71}," 9",[53,1641,75],{"class":67},[53,1643,1644],{"class":71}," 16",[53,1646,86],{"class":67},[39,1648,1650],{"id":1649},"faq","FAQ",[830,1652,1654],{"id":1653},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,1656,1657,1658,1660,1661,95],{},"No. ",[18,1659,20],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,1662,232],{},[830,1664,1666],{"id":1665},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,1668,1669,1670,95],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[183,1671,1672],{"href":817},[18,1673,921],{},[830,1675,1677],{"id":1676},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,1679,1680],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,1682,235],{},[44,1684,1686],{"className":46,"code":1685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,1687,1688,1705,1724,1728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1689,1690,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1691,1692],{"class":59},"data ",[53,1694,64],{"class":63},[53,1696,68],{"class":67},[53,1698,72],{"class":71},[53,1700,75],{"class":67},[53,1702,78],{"class":71},[53,1704,86],{"class":67},[53,1706,1707,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1708,1709],{"class":59},"data",[53,1711,95],{"class":67},[53,1713,99],{"class":98},[53,1715,619],{"class":67},[53,1717,754],{"class":71},[53,1719,75],{"class":67},[53,1721,759],{"class":71},[53,1723,632],{"class":67},[53,1725,1726],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1727,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,1729,1730,1732,1734,1736],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,1731,115],{"class":114},[53,1733,102],{"class":67},[53,1735,1709],{"class":98},[53,1737,108],{"class":67},[14,1739,328],{},[44,1741,1742],{"className":46,"code":780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,1743,1744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1745,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1747,338],{"class":67},[53,1749,72],{"class":71},[53,1751,75],{"class":67},[53,1753,78],{"class":71},[53,1755,75],{"class":67},[53,1757,68],{"class":67},[53,1759,754],{"class":71},[53,1761,75],{"class":67},[53,1763,759],{"class":71},[53,1765,711],{"class":67},[830,1767,1769],{"id":1768},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,1771,1772,1774,1775,1778],{},[18,1773,20],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,1776,1777],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[39,1780,1782],{"id":1781},"see-also","See also",[140,1784,1785,1790,1794,1799,1803],{},[143,1786,1787],{},[183,1788,1789],{"href":498},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[143,1791,1792],{},[183,1793,1035],{"href":817},[143,1795,1796],{},[183,1797,1798],{"href":1396},"Python list insert() method",[143,1800,1801],{},[183,1802,186],{"href":185},[143,1804,1805],{},[183,1806,1808],{"href":1807},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1810,1811,1812],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":1814},[1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1826,1832,1833,1839],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":137,"depth":89,"text":138},{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":502,"depth":89,"text":503},{"id":824,"depth":89,"text":825,"children":1821},[1822,1824],{"id":832,"depth":111,"text":1823},"Using append()",{"id":918,"depth":111,"text":1825},"Using extend()",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":1827},[1828,1829,1830,1831],{"id":1042,"depth":111,"text":1043},{"id":1225,"depth":111,"text":1226},{"id":1290,"depth":111,"text":1291},{"id":1384,"depth":111,"text":1385},{"id":1509,"depth":89,"text":1510},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":1834},[1835,1836,1837,1838],{"id":1653,"depth":111,"text":1654},{"id":1665,"depth":111,"text":1666},{"id":1676,"depth":111,"text":1677},{"id":1768,"depth":111,"text":1769},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":5,"description":1840},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",[1848,3449,5153,6842,8978,11178,12694,14866,17073,19530,21369,23934,26032,28314,30262,32169,34165,35604,37428,39952,42112,43340,44711,46358,48679,50523,52504,54058,55311,57005,58756,60728,62478,64578,65938,67889,69452,71443,73238,75138,77580,79658,82298,84327,86290,88478,90482,92795,94477,95922,97116,98294,100134,102574,104278,106293,107817,109062,110225,111607,113678,115575,117349,119215,121334,123074,124536,126130,128053,129730,131665,133154,135938,137515,139074,141102,143054,144517,145706,147592,149003,150699,152253,153675,155078,156976,159370,161201],{"id":1849,"title":1850,"body":1851,"description":3443,"extension":1841,"meta":3444,"navigation":301,"path":3445,"seo":3446,"stem":3447,"__hash__":3448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1852,"toc":3415},[1853,1856,1862,1865,1876,1879,1883,1949,1951,1971,1976,1980,1985,1988,2004,2007,2033,2036,2040,2043,2059,2062,2088,2090,2147,2149,2164,2173,2184,2188,2191,2244,2246,2266,2269,2292,2299,2303,2308,2314,2316,2353,2355,2364,2371,2388,2391,2403,2407,2412,2416,2419,2440,2442,2500,2502,2510,2513,2517,2549,2551,2559,2562,2566,2571,2619,2621,2629,2633,2693,2695,2703,2706,2710,2714,2717,2740,2749,2765,2817,2819,2834,2845,2849,2852,2880,2887,2891,2896,2937,2939,2950,2953,2996,2998,3006,3010,3015,3037,3039,3048,3056,3060,3065,3087,3089,3160,3162,3212,3215,3218,3221,3301,3303,3334,3336,3340,3343,3347,3350,3354,3357,3361,3373,3377,3380,3382,3412],[10,1854,1850],{"id":1855},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1857,16,1858,1861],{},[18,1859,1860],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1863,1864],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[140,1866,1867,1870,1873],{},[143,1868,1869],{},"a number without its negative sign",[143,1871,1872],{},"the distance between two numbers",[143,1874,1875],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1877,1878],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[39,1880,1882],{"id":1881},"quick-example","Quick example",[44,1884,1886],{"className":46,"code":1885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,1887,1888,1908,1923],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1889,1890,1892,1894,1897,1899,1902,1905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1891,115],{"class":114},[53,1893,102],{"class":67},[53,1895,1896],{"class":114},"abs",[53,1898,102],{"class":67},[53,1900,1901],{"class":63},"-",[53,1903,1904],{"class":71},"7",[53,1906,1907],{"class":67},"))\n",[53,1909,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1921],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1911,115],{"class":114},[53,1913,102],{"class":67},[53,1915,1896],{"class":114},[53,1917,102],{"class":67},[53,1919,1920],{"class":71},"3.5",[53,1922,1907],{"class":67},[53,1924,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1938,1941,1943,1947],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1926,115],{"class":114},[53,1928,102],{"class":67},[53,1930,1896],{"class":114},[53,1932,102],{"class":67},[53,1934,1901],{"class":63},[53,1936,1937],{"class":71},"2",[53,1939,1940],{"class":63},"+",[53,1942,754],{"class":71},[53,1944,1946],{"class":1945},"sbsja","j",[53,1948,1907],{"class":67},[14,1950,328],{},[44,1952,1954],{"className":46,"code":1953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,1955,1956,1961,1966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1957,1958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1959,1960],{"class":71},"7\n",[53,1962,1963],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,1964,1965],{"class":71},"3.5\n",[53,1967,1968],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,1969,1970],{"class":71},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1972,131,1973,1975],{},[18,1974,1860],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[39,1977,1979],{"id":1978},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1981,1982,1984],{},[18,1983,1860],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1986,1987],{},"That means:",[140,1989,1990,1993,1996],{},[143,1991,1992],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[143,1994,1995],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[143,1997,1998,2001,2002],{},[18,1999,2000],{},"0"," stays ",[18,2003,2000],{},[14,2005,2006],{},"Examples:",[140,2008,2009,2018,2026],{},[143,2010,2011,2014,2015],{},[18,2012,2013],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2016,2017],{},"5",[143,2019,2020,2014,2023],{},[18,2021,2022],{},"abs(9)",[18,2024,2025],{},"9",[143,2027,2028,2014,2031],{},[18,2029,2030],{},"abs(0)",[18,2032,2000],{},[14,2034,2035],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[39,2037,2039],{"id":2038},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2041,2042],{},"The syntax is:",[44,2044,2046],{"className":46,"code":2045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(x)\n",[18,2047,2048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2049,2050,2052,2054,2057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2051,1896],{"class":114},[53,2053,102],{"class":67},[53,2055,2056],{"class":98},"x",[53,2058,108],{"class":67},[14,2060,2061],{},"Here:",[140,2063,2064,2080,2085],{},[143,2065,2066,2068,2069,2072,2073,2076,2077,1600],{},[18,2067,2056],{}," is usually an ",[18,2070,2071],{},"int",", ",[18,2074,2075],{},"float",", or ",[18,2078,2079],{},"complex",[143,2081,2082,2084],{},[18,2083,1860],{}," returns a new value",[143,2086,2087],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2089,235],{},[44,2091,2093],{"className":46,"code":2092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2094,2095,2107,2123,2127,2137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2096,2097,2099,2101,2104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2098,1594],{"class":59},[53,2100,64],{"class":63},[53,2102,2103],{"class":63}," -",[53,2105,2106],{"class":71},"12\n",[53,2108,2109,2111,2113,2116,2118,2121],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2110,276],{"class":59},[53,2112,64],{"class":63},[53,2114,2115],{"class":114}," abs",[53,2117,102],{"class":67},[53,2119,2120],{"class":98},"number",[53,2122,108],{"class":67},[53,2124,2125],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2126,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2128,2129,2131,2133,2135],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2130,115],{"class":114},[53,2132,102],{"class":67},[53,2134,2120],{"class":98},[53,2136,108],{"class":67},[53,2138,2139,2141,2143,2145],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,2140,115],{"class":114},[53,2142,102],{"class":67},[53,2144,323],{"class":98},[53,2146,108],{"class":67},[14,2148,328],{},[44,2150,2152],{"className":46,"code":2151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-12\n12\n",[18,2153,2154,2160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2155,2156,2158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2157,1901],{"class":63},[53,2159,2106],{"class":71},[53,2161,2162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2163,2106],{"class":71},[14,2165,807,2166,2168,2169,2172],{},[18,2167,2120],{}," is still ",[18,2170,2171],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2174,2175,2176,2183],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[183,2177,2179,2182],{"href":2178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2180,2181],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[39,2185,2187],{"id":2186},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2189,2190],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[44,2192,2194],{"className":46,"code":2193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2195,2196,2212,2227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2197,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2199,115],{"class":114},[53,2201,102],{"class":67},[53,2203,1896],{"class":114},[53,2205,102],{"class":67},[53,2207,1901],{"class":63},[53,2209,539],{"class":71},[53,2211,1907],{"class":67},[53,2213,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2225],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2215,115],{"class":114},[53,2217,102],{"class":67},[53,2219,1896],{"class":114},[53,2221,102],{"class":67},[53,2223,2224],{"class":71},"8",[53,2226,1907],{"class":67},[53,2228,2229,2231,2233,2235,2237,2239,2242],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2230,115],{"class":114},[53,2232,102],{"class":67},[53,2234,1896],{"class":114},[53,2236,102],{"class":67},[53,2238,1901],{"class":63},[53,2240,2241],{"class":71},"4.2",[53,2243,1907],{"class":67},[14,2245,328],{},[44,2247,2249],{"className":46,"code":2248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2250,2251,2256,2261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2252,2253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2254,2255],{"class":71},"10\n",[53,2257,2258],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2259,2260],{"class":71},"8\n",[53,2262,2263],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2264,2265],{"class":71},"4.2\n",[14,2267,2268],{},"What each line does:",[140,2270,2271,2278,2285],{},[143,2272,2273,1129,2276],{},[18,2274,2275],{},"abs(-10)",[18,2277,539],{},[143,2279,2280,1129,2283],{},[18,2281,2282],{},"abs(8)",[18,2284,2224],{},[143,2286,2287,1129,2290],{},[18,2288,2289],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2291,2241],{},[14,2293,2294,2295,95],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[183,2296,2298],{"href":2297},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[39,2300,2302],{"id":2301},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2304,2305,2307],{},[18,2306,1860],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2309,2310,2311,2313],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2312,2000],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2315,235],{},[44,2317,2319],{"className":46,"code":2318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2320,2321,2338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2322,2323,2326,2328,2330,2333,2335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2324,2325],{"class":59},"value ",[53,2327,64],{"class":63},[53,2329,83],{"class":71},[53,2331,2332],{"class":63}," +",[53,2334,759],{"class":71},[53,2336,2337],{"class":1945},"j\n",[53,2339,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348,2351],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2341,115],{"class":114},[53,2343,102],{"class":67},[53,2345,1896],{"class":114},[53,2347,102],{"class":67},[53,2349,2350],{"class":98},"value",[53,2352,1907],{"class":67},[14,2354,328],{},[44,2356,2358],{"className":46,"code":2357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n",[18,2359,2360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2361,2362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2363,2357],{"class":71},[14,2365,2366,2367,2370],{},"Why ",[18,2368,2369],{},"5.0","?",[140,2372,2373,2378,2383],{},[143,2374,2375,2376],{},"the real part is ",[18,2377,754],{},[143,2379,2380,2381],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2382,105],{},[143,2384,2385,2386],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2387,2369],{},[14,2389,2390],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[140,2392,2393,2400],{},[143,2394,2395,2397,2398],{},[18,2396,1860],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2399,2075],{},[143,2401,2402],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[39,2404,2406],{"id":2405},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2408,2409,2410,95],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2411,1860],{},[830,2413,2415],{"id":2414},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2417,2418],{},"A very common pattern is:",[44,2420,2422],{"className":46,"code":2421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2423,2424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2425,2426,2428,2430,2433,2435,2438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2427,1896],{"class":114},[53,2429,102],{"class":67},[53,2431,2432],{"class":98},"a ",[53,2434,1901],{"class":63},[53,2436,2437],{"class":98}," b",[53,2439,108],{"class":67},[14,2441,235],{},[44,2443,2445],{"className":46,"code":2444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2446,2447,2456,2466,2470,2489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2448,2449,2451,2453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2450,2432],{"class":59},[53,2452,64],{"class":63},[53,2454,2455],{"class":71}," 3\n",[53,2457,2458,2461,2463],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2459,2460],{"class":59},"b ",[53,2462,64],{"class":63},[53,2464,2465],{"class":71}," 10\n",[53,2467,2468],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2469,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2471,2472,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2473,2474],{"class":59},"distance ",[53,2476,64],{"class":63},[53,2478,2115],{"class":114},[53,2480,102],{"class":67},[53,2482,2432],{"class":98},[53,2484,1901],{"class":63},[53,2486,2437],{"class":98},[53,2488,108],{"class":67},[53,2490,2491,2493,2495,2498],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,2492,115],{"class":114},[53,2494,102],{"class":67},[53,2496,2497],{"class":98},"distance",[53,2499,108],{"class":67},[14,2501,328],{},[44,2503,2504],{"className":46,"code":1960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,2505,2506],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2507,2508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2509,1960],{"class":71},[14,2511,2512],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[830,2514,2516],{"id":2515},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[44,2518,2520],{"className":46,"code":2519,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2521,2522,2534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2523,2524,2527,2529,2531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2525,2526],{"class":59},"temperature_change ",[53,2528,64],{"class":63},[53,2530,2103],{"class":63},[53,2532,2533],{"class":71},"6\n",[53,2535,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2547],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2537,115],{"class":114},[53,2539,102],{"class":67},[53,2541,1896],{"class":114},[53,2543,102],{"class":67},[53,2545,2546],{"class":98},"temperature_change",[53,2548,1907],{"class":67},[14,2550,328],{},[44,2552,2553],{"className":46,"code":2533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,2554,2555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2556,2557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2558,2533],{"class":71},[14,2560,2561],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[830,2563,2565],{"id":2564},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2567,2568,2569,2183],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2570,1860],{},[44,2572,2574],{"className":46,"code":2573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2575,2576,2588,2604,2608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2577,2578,2581,2583,2585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2579,2580],{"class":59},"balance_change ",[53,2582,64],{"class":63},[53,2584,2103],{"class":63},[53,2586,2587],{"class":71},"25\n",[53,2589,2590,2593,2595,2597,2599,2602],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2591,2592],{"class":59},"safe_value ",[53,2594,64],{"class":63},[53,2596,2115],{"class":114},[53,2598,102],{"class":67},[53,2600,2601],{"class":98},"balance_change",[53,2603,108],{"class":67},[53,2605,2606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2607,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2609,2610,2612,2614,2617],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2611,115],{"class":114},[53,2613,102],{"class":67},[53,2615,2616],{"class":98},"safe_value",[53,2618,108],{"class":67},[14,2620,328],{},[44,2622,2623],{"className":46,"code":2587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,2624,2625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2626,2627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2628,2587],{"class":71},[830,2630,2632],{"id":2631},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[44,2634,2636],{"className":46,"code":2635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,2637,2638,2648,2658,2662,2682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2639,2640,2643,2645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2641,2642],{"class":59},"guess ",[53,2644,64],{"class":63},[53,2646,2647],{"class":71}," 42\n",[53,2649,2650,2653,2655],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2651,2652],{"class":59},"target ",[53,2654,64],{"class":63},[53,2656,2657],{"class":71}," 50\n",[53,2659,2660],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2661,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2663,2664,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677,2680],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2665,2666],{"class":59},"difference ",[53,2668,64],{"class":63},[53,2670,2115],{"class":114},[53,2672,102],{"class":67},[53,2674,2642],{"class":98},[53,2676,1901],{"class":63},[53,2678,2679],{"class":98}," target",[53,2681,108],{"class":67},[53,2683,2684,2686,2688,2691],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,2685,115],{"class":114},[53,2687,102],{"class":67},[53,2689,2690],{"class":98},"difference",[53,2692,108],{"class":67},[14,2694,328],{},[44,2696,2697],{"className":46,"code":2260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,2698,2699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2700,2701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2702,2260],{"class":71},[14,2704,2705],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[39,2707,2709],{"id":2708},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[830,2711,2713],{"id":2712},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2715,2716],{},"This causes an error:",[44,2718,2720],{"className":46,"code":2719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,2721,2722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2723,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2725,115],{"class":114},[53,2727,102],{"class":67},[53,2729,1896],{"class":114},[53,2731,102],{"class":67},[53,2733,253],{"class":252},[53,2735,2017],{"class":256},[53,2737,253],{"class":252},[53,2739,1907],{"class":67},[14,2741,2742,2745,2746,2748],{},[18,2743,2744],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,2747,1860],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2750,2751,2752,2758,2759,597],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[183,2753,2755],{"href":2754},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,2756,2757],{},"int()"," or ",[183,2760,2762],{"href":2761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,2763,2764],{},"float()",[44,2766,2768],{"className":46,"code":2767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,2769,2770,2794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2771,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2773,115],{"class":114},[53,2775,102],{"class":67},[53,2777,1896],{"class":114},[53,2779,102],{"class":67},[53,2781,2071],{"class":2782},"sZMiF",[53,2784,102],{"class":67},[53,2786,253],{"class":252},[53,2788,2017],{"class":256},[53,2790,253],{"class":252},[53,2792,2793],{"class":67},")))\n",[53,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806,2808,2810,2813,2815],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2797,115],{"class":114},[53,2799,102],{"class":67},[53,2801,1896],{"class":114},[53,2803,102],{"class":67},[53,2805,2075],{"class":2782},[53,2807,102],{"class":67},[53,2809,253],{"class":252},[53,2811,2812],{"class":256},"-3.2",[53,2814,253],{"class":252},[53,2816,2793],{"class":67},[14,2818,328],{},[44,2820,2822],{"className":46,"code":2821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n3.2\n",[18,2823,2824,2829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2825,2826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2827,2828],{"class":71},"5\n",[53,2830,2831],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2832,2833],{"class":71},"3.2\n",[14,2835,2836,2837,2840,2841,95],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,2838,2839],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[183,2842,2844],{"href":2843},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[830,2846,2848],{"id":2847},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2850,2851],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[44,2853,2855],{"className":46,"code":2854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,2856,2857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2858,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2860,115],{"class":114},[53,2862,102],{"class":67},[53,2864,1896],{"class":114},[53,2866,619],{"class":67},[53,2868,72],{"class":71},[53,2870,75],{"class":67},[53,2872,78],{"class":71},[53,2874,75],{"class":67},[53,2876,83],{"class":71},[53,2878,2879],{"class":67},"]))\n",[14,2881,2882,2883,2886],{},"This raises a ",[18,2884,2885],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[830,2888,2890],{"id":2889},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2892,2893,2895],{},[18,2894,1860],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[44,2897,2899],{"className":46,"code":2898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2900,2901,2913,2923,2927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2902,2903,2906,2908,2910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2904,2905],{"class":59},"x ",[53,2907,64],{"class":63},[53,2909,2103],{"class":63},[53,2911,2912],{"class":71},"9\n",[53,2914,2915,2917,2919,2921],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2916,1896],{"class":114},[53,2918,102],{"class":67},[53,2920,2056],{"class":98},[53,2922,108],{"class":67},[53,2924,2925],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2926,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2928,2929,2931,2933,2935],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2930,115],{"class":114},[53,2932,102],{"class":67},[53,2934,2056],{"class":98},[53,2936,108],{"class":67},[14,2938,328],{},[44,2940,2942],{"className":46,"code":2941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-9\n",[18,2943,2944],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2945,2946,2948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2947,1901],{"class":63},[53,2949,2912],{"class":71},[14,2951,2952],{},"If you want to store the result:",[44,2954,2956],{"className":46,"code":2955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2957,2958,2968,2982,2986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2959,2960,2962,2964,2966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2961,2905],{"class":59},[53,2963,64],{"class":63},[53,2965,2103],{"class":63},[53,2967,2912],{"class":71},[53,2969,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,2971,2905],{"class":59},[53,2973,64],{"class":63},[53,2975,2115],{"class":114},[53,2977,102],{"class":67},[53,2979,2056],{"class":98},[53,2981,108],{"class":67},[53,2983,2984],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,2985,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,2987,2988,2990,2992,2994],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,2989,115],{"class":114},[53,2991,102],{"class":67},[53,2993,2056],{"class":98},[53,2995,108],{"class":67},[14,2997,328],{},[44,2999,3000],{"className":46,"code":2912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,3001,3002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3003,3004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3005,2912],{"class":71},[830,3007,3009],{"id":3008},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3011,3012,3014],{},[18,3013,1860],{}," does not round numbers.",[44,3016,3018],{"className":46,"code":3017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3019,3020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3023,115],{"class":114},[53,3025,102],{"class":67},[53,3027,1896],{"class":114},[53,3029,102],{"class":67},[53,3031,1901],{"class":63},[53,3033,3034],{"class":71},"4.7",[53,3036,1907],{"class":67},[14,3038,328],{},[44,3040,3042],{"className":46,"code":3041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.7\n",[18,3043,3044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3045,3046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3047,3041],{"class":71},[14,3049,1374,3050,3052,3053,3055],{},[18,3051,2017],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3054,1860],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[39,3057,3059],{"id":3058},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3061,3062,3064],{},[18,3063,1860],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[140,3066,3067,3074,3081],{},[143,3068,3069,3071,3072],{},[18,3070,2071],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3073,2071],{},[143,3075,3076,3078,3079],{},[18,3077,2075],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3080,2075],{},[143,3082,3083,3078,3085],{},[18,3084,2079],{},[18,3086,2075],{},[14,3088,235],{},[44,3090,3092],{"className":46,"code":3091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3093,3094,3115,3136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3095,3096,3098,3100,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3097,115],{"class":114},[53,3099,102],{"class":67},[53,3101,3102],{"class":2782},"type",[53,3104,102],{"class":67},[53,3106,1896],{"class":114},[53,3108,102],{"class":67},[53,3110,1901],{"class":63},[53,3112,2017],{"class":71},[53,3114,2793],{"class":67},[53,3116,3117,3119,3121,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3134],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3118,115],{"class":114},[53,3120,102],{"class":67},[53,3122,3102],{"class":2782},[53,3124,102],{"class":67},[53,3126,1896],{"class":114},[53,3128,102],{"class":67},[53,3130,1901],{"class":63},[53,3132,3133],{"class":71},"3.2",[53,3135,2793],{"class":67},[53,3137,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3139,115],{"class":114},[53,3141,102],{"class":67},[53,3143,3102],{"class":2782},[53,3145,102],{"class":67},[53,3147,1896],{"class":114},[53,3149,102],{"class":67},[53,3151,754],{"class":71},[53,3153,2332],{"class":63},[53,3155,759],{"class":71},[53,3157,1946],{"class":1945},[53,3159,2793],{"class":67},[14,3161,328],{},[44,3163,3165],{"className":46,"code":3164,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3166,3167,3184,3198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3168,3169,3172,3175,3177,3179,3181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3170,3171],{"class":63},"\u003C",[53,3173,3174],{"class":1945},"class",[53,3176,350],{"class":252},[53,3178,2071],{"class":256},[53,3180,341],{"class":252},[53,3182,3183],{"class":63},">\n",[53,3185,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3187,3171],{"class":63},[53,3189,3174],{"class":1945},[53,3191,350],{"class":252},[53,3193,2075],{"class":256},[53,3195,341],{"class":252},[53,3197,3183],{"class":63},[53,3199,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3201,3171],{"class":63},[53,3203,3174],{"class":1945},[53,3205,350],{"class":252},[53,3207,2075],{"class":256},[53,3209,341],{"class":252},[53,3211,3183],{"class":63},[14,3213,3214],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3216,3217],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3219,3220],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[44,3222,3224],{"className":46,"code":3223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3225,3226,3240,3250,3264,3268,3282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3227,3228,3230,3232,3234,3237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3229,2325],{"class":59},[53,3231,64],{"class":63},[53,3233,264],{"class":252},[53,3235,3236],{"class":256},"-5",[53,3238,3239],{"class":252},"\"\n",[53,3241,3242,3244,3246,3248],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3243,115],{"class":114},[53,3245,102],{"class":67},[53,3247,2350],{"class":98},[53,3249,108],{"class":67},[53,3251,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3253,115],{"class":114},[53,3255,102],{"class":67},[53,3257,3102],{"class":2782},[53,3259,102],{"class":67},[53,3261,2350],{"class":98},[53,3263,1907],{"class":67},[53,3265,3266],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,3267,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,3269,3270,3273,3275,3277,3280],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,3271,3272],{"class":59},"user_input ",[53,3274,64],{"class":63},[53,3276,264],{"class":252},[53,3278,3279],{"class":256},"-3.7",[53,3281,3239],{"class":252},[53,3283,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296,3299],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,3285,115],{"class":114},[53,3287,102],{"class":67},[53,3289,1896],{"class":114},[53,3291,102],{"class":67},[53,3293,2075],{"class":2782},[53,3295,102],{"class":67},[53,3297,3298],{"class":98},"user_input",[53,3300,2793],{"class":67},[14,3302,328],{},[44,3304,3306],{"className":46,"code":3305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3307,3308,3314,3329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3309,3310,3312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3311,1901],{"class":63},[53,3313,2828],{"class":71},[53,3315,3316,3318,3320,3322,3325,3327],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3317,3171],{"class":63},[53,3319,3174],{"class":1945},[53,3321,350],{"class":252},[53,3323,3324],{"class":256},"str",[53,3326,341],{"class":252},[53,3328,3183],{"class":63},[53,3330,3331],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3332,3333],{"class":71},"3.7\n",[39,3335,1650],{"id":1649},[830,3337,3339],{"id":3338},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3341,3342],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[830,3344,3346],{"id":3345},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3348,3349],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[830,3351,3353],{"id":3352},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3355,3356],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[830,3358,3360],{"id":3359},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3362,3363,3365,3366,2758,3368,3370,3371,95],{},[18,3364,2839],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3367,2757],{},[18,3369,2764],{}," before using ",[18,3372,1860],{},[830,3374,3376],{"id":3375},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3378,3379],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[39,3381,1782],{"id":1781},[140,3383,3384,3391,3397,3403,3408],{},[143,3385,3386],{},[183,3387,3388,3390],{"href":2754},[18,3389,2757],{}," function explained",[143,3392,3393],{},[183,3394,3395,3390],{"href":2761},[18,3396,2764],{},[143,3398,3399],{},[183,3400,3401,3390],{"href":2178},[18,3402,2181],{},[143,3404,3405],{},[183,3406,3407],{"href":2843},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[143,3409,3410],{},[183,3411,2298],{"href":2297},[1810,3413,3414],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":3416},[3417,3418,3419,3420,3421,3422,3428,3434,3435,3442],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":1978,"depth":89,"text":1979},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":2186,"depth":89,"text":2187},{"id":2301,"depth":89,"text":2302},{"id":2405,"depth":89,"text":2406,"children":3423},[3424,3425,3426,3427],{"id":2414,"depth":111,"text":2415},{"id":2515,"depth":111,"text":2516},{"id":2564,"depth":111,"text":2565},{"id":2631,"depth":111,"text":2632},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":3429},[3430,3431,3432,3433],{"id":2712,"depth":111,"text":2713},{"id":2847,"depth":111,"text":2848},{"id":2889,"depth":111,"text":2890},{"id":3008,"depth":111,"text":3009},{"id":3058,"depth":89,"text":3059},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":3436},[3437,3438,3439,3440,3441],{"id":3338,"depth":111,"text":3339},{"id":3345,"depth":111,"text":3346},{"id":3352,"depth":111,"text":3353},{"id":3359,"depth":111,"text":3360},{"id":3375,"depth":111,"text":3376},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1850,"description":3443},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3450,"title":3451,"body":3452,"description":5147,"extension":1841,"meta":5148,"navigation":301,"path":5149,"seo":5150,"stem":5151,"__hash__":5152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3453,"toc":5111},[3454,3462,3468,3471,3487,3489,3543,3553,3560,3564,3583,3586,3603,3606,3610,3618,3635,3638,3677,3680,3687,3693,3766,3768,3798,3804,3808,3812,3851,3853,3862,3869,3873,3912,3914,3923,3933,3937,3991,3993,4001,4004,4007,4054,4056,4064,4070,4077,4082,4085,4088,4155,4157,4165,4168,4235,4237,4245,4259,4262,4274,4278,4284,4287,4289,4305,4307,4315,4318,4321,4324,4341,4344,4347,4377,4379,4392,4394,4398,4401,4416,4421,4424,4451,4458,4461,4500,4506,4512,4520,4523,4575,4582,4646,4651,4660,4663,4681,4687,4690,4832,4838,4843,4846,4857,4860,4916,4918,4926,4929,4988,4990,4998,5001,5012,5014,5021,5030,5039,5042,5049,5052,5061,5074,5076,5108],[10,3455,3457,3458,3461],{"id":3456},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3459,3460],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3463,3464,3465,3467],{},"Python’s ",[18,3466,3460],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3469,3470],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[140,3472,3473,3476,3479],{},[143,3474,3475],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[143,3477,3478],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[143,3480,3481,1129,3484,3486],{},[18,3482,3483],{},"all([])",[18,3485,573],{},", which often seems strange at first",[39,3488,42],{"id":41},[44,3490,3492],{"className":46,"code":3491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3493,3494,3514,3529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3495,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510,3512],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3497,60],{"class":59},[53,3499,64],{"class":63},[53,3501,68],{"class":67},[53,3503,72],{"class":71},[53,3505,75],{"class":67},[53,3507,78],{"class":71},[53,3509,75],{"class":67},[53,3511,83],{"class":71},[53,3513,86],{"class":67},[53,3515,3516,3518,3520,3523,3525,3527],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3517,276],{"class":59},[53,3519,64],{"class":63},[53,3521,3522],{"class":114}," all",[53,3524,102],{"class":67},[53,3526,92],{"class":98},[53,3528,108],{"class":67},[53,3530,3531,3533,3535,3537,3540],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3532,115],{"class":114},[53,3534,102],{"class":67},[53,3536,323],{"class":98},[53,3538,3539],{"class":67},")",[53,3541,3542],{"class":127},"  # True\n",[14,3544,3545,1129,3547,3549,3550,95],{},[18,3546,3460],{},[18,3548,573],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3551,3552],{},"False",[39,3554,3556,3557,3559],{"id":3555},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3558,3460],{}," does",[14,3561,3562,597],{},[18,3563,3460],{},[140,3565,3566,3569,3575,3580],{},[143,3567,3568],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[143,3570,3571,3572,3574],{},"returns ",[18,3573,573],{}," if all items are truthy",[143,3576,3571,3577,3579],{},[18,3578,3552],{}," if any item is falsy",[143,3581,3582],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3584,3585],{},"Basic syntax:",[44,3587,3589],{"className":46,"code":3588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3590,3591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3592,3593,3596,3598,3601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3594,3595],{"class":114},"all",[53,3597,102],{"class":67},[53,3599,3600],{"class":98},"iterable",[53,3602,108],{"class":67},[14,3604,3605],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[39,3607,3609],{"id":3608},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3611,3612,3613,2758,3615,3617],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3614,573],{},[18,3616,3552],{}," in conditions.",[140,3619,3620,3628],{},[143,3621,3622,3625,3626],{},[23,3623,3624],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3627,573],{},[143,3629,3630,3625,3633],{},[23,3631,3632],{},"Falsy",[18,3634,3552],{},[14,3636,3637],{},"Common falsy values include:",[140,3639,3640,3644,3649,3654,3658,3662,3667,3672],{},[143,3641,3642],{},[18,3643,2000],{},[143,3645,3646],{},[18,3647,3648],{},"0.0",[143,3650,3651],{},[18,3652,3653],{},"''",[143,3655,3656],{},[18,3657,232],{},[143,3659,3660],{},[18,3661,3552],{},[143,3663,3664],{},[18,3665,3666],{},"[]",[143,3668,3669],{},[18,3670,3671],{},"{}",[143,3673,3674],{},[18,3675,3676],{},"set()",[14,3678,3679],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3681,3682,3683,95],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[183,3684,3686],{"href":3685},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3688,3689,3690,597],{},"You can test this with ",[18,3691,3692],{},"bool()",[44,3694,3696],{"className":46,"code":3695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,3697,3698,3734,3738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3699,3700,3703,3705,3707,3709,3711,3714,3716,3719,3721,3723,3725,3727,3729,3732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3701,3702],{"class":59},"values ",[53,3704,64],{"class":63},[53,3706,68],{"class":67},[53,3708,72],{"class":71},[53,3710,75],{"class":67},[53,3712,3713],{"class":71}," 0",[53,3715,75],{"class":67},[53,3717,3718],{"class":252}," ''",[53,3720,75],{"class":67},[53,3722,350],{"class":252},[53,3724,556],{"class":256},[53,3726,341],{"class":252},[53,3728,75],{"class":67},[53,3730,3731],{"class":369}," None",[53,3733,86],{"class":67},[53,3735,3736],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3737,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,3739,3740,3742,3744,3747,3749,3751,3753,3756,3759,3761,3764],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,3741,115],{"class":114},[53,3743,619],{"class":67},[53,3745,3746],{"class":2782},"bool",[53,3748,102],{"class":67},[53,3750,2056],{"class":98},[53,3752,3539],{"class":67},[53,3754,3755],{"class":1558}," for",[53,3757,3758],{"class":98}," x ",[53,3760,1565],{"class":1558},[53,3762,3763],{"class":98}," values",[53,3765,632],{"class":67},[14,3767,328],{},[44,3769,3771],{"className":46,"code":3770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,3772,3773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3774,3775,3777,3779,3781,3784,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3776,338],{"class":67},[53,3778,573],{"class":369},[53,3780,75],{"class":67},[53,3782,3783],{"class":369}," False",[53,3785,75],{"class":67},[53,3787,3783],{"class":369},[53,3789,75],{"class":67},[53,3791,674],{"class":369},[53,3793,75],{"class":67},[53,3795,3783],{"class":369},[53,3797,86],{"class":67},[14,3799,3800,3801,3803],{},"This matters because ",[18,3802,3460],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[39,3805,3807],{"id":3806},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[830,3809,3811],{"id":3810},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[44,3813,3815],{"className":46,"code":3814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3816,3817,3837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3818,3819,3821,3823,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833,3835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3820,60],{"class":59},[53,3822,64],{"class":63},[53,3824,68],{"class":67},[53,3826,72],{"class":71},[53,3828,75],{"class":67},[53,3830,78],{"class":71},[53,3832,75],{"class":67},[53,3834,83],{"class":71},[53,3836,86],{"class":67},[53,3838,3839,3841,3843,3845,3847,3849],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3840,115],{"class":114},[53,3842,102],{"class":67},[53,3844,3595],{"class":114},[53,3846,102],{"class":67},[53,3848,92],{"class":98},[53,3850,1907],{"class":67},[14,3852,328],{},[44,3854,3856],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n",[18,3857,3858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3859,3860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3861,3855],{"class":369},[14,3863,3864,3865,1129,3867,95],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,3866,3460],{},[18,3868,573],{},[830,3870,3872],{"id":3871},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[44,3874,3876],{"className":46,"code":3875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3877,3878,3898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3879,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3881,60],{"class":59},[53,3883,64],{"class":63},[53,3885,68],{"class":67},[53,3887,72],{"class":71},[53,3889,75],{"class":67},[53,3891,3713],{"class":71},[53,3893,75],{"class":67},[53,3895,83],{"class":71},[53,3897,86],{"class":67},[53,3899,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3901,115],{"class":114},[53,3903,102],{"class":67},[53,3905,3595],{"class":114},[53,3907,102],{"class":67},[53,3909,92],{"class":98},[53,3911,1907],{"class":67},[14,3913,328],{},[44,3915,3917],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\n",[18,3918,3919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3920,3921],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3922,3916],{"class":369},[14,3924,3925,3926,3928,3929,1129,3931,95],{},"The value ",[18,3927,2000],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,3930,3460],{},[18,3932,3552],{},[830,3934,3936],{"id":3935},"example-strings","Example: strings",[44,3938,3940],{"className":46,"code":3939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3941,3942,3976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3943,3944,3947,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969,3972,3974],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3945,3946],{"class":59},"words ",[53,3948,64],{"class":63},[53,3950,68],{"class":67},[53,3952,341],{"class":252},[53,3954,257],{"class":256},[53,3956,341],{"class":252},[53,3958,75],{"class":67},[53,3960,350],{"class":252},[53,3962,267],{"class":256},[53,3964,341],{"class":252},[53,3966,75],{"class":67},[53,3968,350],{"class":252},[53,3970,3971],{"class":256},"cherry",[53,3973,341],{"class":252},[53,3975,86],{"class":67},[53,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3989],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,3979,115],{"class":114},[53,3981,102],{"class":67},[53,3983,3595],{"class":114},[53,3985,102],{"class":67},[53,3987,3988],{"class":98},"words",[53,3990,1907],{"class":67},[14,3992,328],{},[44,3994,3995],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,3996,3997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3998,3999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4000,3855],{"class":369},[14,4002,4003],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4005,4006],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[44,4008,4010],{"className":46,"code":4009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4011,4012,4040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4013,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4015,3946],{"class":59},[53,4017,64],{"class":63},[53,4019,68],{"class":67},[53,4021,341],{"class":252},[53,4023,257],{"class":256},[53,4025,341],{"class":252},[53,4027,75],{"class":67},[53,4029,3718],{"class":252},[53,4031,75],{"class":67},[53,4033,350],{"class":252},[53,4035,3971],{"class":256},[53,4037,341],{"class":252},[53,4039,86],{"class":67},[53,4041,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4043,115],{"class":114},[53,4045,102],{"class":67},[53,4047,3595],{"class":114},[53,4049,102],{"class":67},[53,4051,3988],{"class":98},[53,4053,1907],{"class":67},[14,4055,328],{},[44,4057,4058],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4059,4060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4061,4062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4063,3916],{"class":369},[14,4065,4066,4067,4069],{},"The empty string ",[18,4068,3653],{}," is falsy.",[39,4071,4073,4074,4076],{"id":4072},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4075,3460],{}," works with conditions",[14,4078,4079,4081],{},[18,4080,3460],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4083,4084],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4086,4087],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[44,4089,4091],{"className":46,"code":4090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4092,4093,4113,4141,4145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4094,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4096,60],{"class":59},[53,4098,64],{"class":63},[53,4100,68],{"class":67},[53,4102,72],{"class":71},[53,4104,75],{"class":67},[53,4106,78],{"class":71},[53,4108,75],{"class":67},[53,4110,83],{"class":71},[53,4112,86],{"class":67},[53,4114,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4139],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4116,276],{"class":59},[53,4118,64],{"class":63},[53,4120,3522],{"class":114},[53,4122,102],{"class":67},[53,4124,2905],{"class":98},[53,4126,4127],{"class":63},">",[53,4129,3713],{"class":71},[53,4131,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4133,3758],{"class":98},[53,4135,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4137,4138],{"class":98}," numbers",[53,4140,108],{"class":67},[53,4142,4143],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,4144,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,4146,4147,4149,4151,4153],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,4148,115],{"class":114},[53,4150,102],{"class":67},[53,4152,323],{"class":98},[53,4154,108],{"class":67},[14,4156,328],{},[44,4158,4159],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4160,4161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4162,4163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4164,3855],{"class":369},[14,4166,4167],{},"Here is one that fails:",[44,4169,4171],{"className":46,"code":4170,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4172,4173,4195,4221,4225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4174,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4176,60],{"class":59},[53,4178,64],{"class":63},[53,4180,68],{"class":67},[53,4182,72],{"class":71},[53,4184,75],{"class":67},[53,4186,2103],{"class":63},[53,4188,1937],{"class":71},[53,4190,75],{"class":67},[53,4192,83],{"class":71},[53,4194,86],{"class":67},[53,4196,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4198,276],{"class":59},[53,4200,64],{"class":63},[53,4202,3522],{"class":114},[53,4204,102],{"class":67},[53,4206,2905],{"class":98},[53,4208,4127],{"class":63},[53,4210,3713],{"class":71},[53,4212,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4214,3758],{"class":98},[53,4216,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4218,4138],{"class":98},[53,4220,108],{"class":67},[53,4222,4223],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,4224,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,4226,4227,4229,4231,4233],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,4228,115],{"class":114},[53,4230,102],{"class":67},[53,4232,323],{"class":98},[53,4234,108],{"class":67},[14,4236,328],{},[44,4238,4239],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4240,4241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4242,4243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4244,3916],{"class":369},[14,4246,4247,4248,4251,4252,4254,4255,1129,4257,95],{},"The expression ",[18,4249,4250],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4253,573],{},", then ",[18,4256,3460],{},[18,4258,573],{},[14,4260,4261],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4263,4264,4265,4269,4270,95],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[183,4266,4268],{"href":4267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[183,4271,4273],{"href":4272},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[39,4275,4277],{"id":4276},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4279,4280,1129,4282,95],{},[18,4281,3483],{},[18,4283,573],{},[14,4285,4286],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4288,235],{},[44,4290,4292],{"className":46,"code":4291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4293,4294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4295,4296,4298,4300,4302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4297,115],{"class":114},[53,4299,102],{"class":67},[53,4301,3595],{"class":114},[53,4303,4304],{"class":67},"([]))\n",[14,4306,328],{},[44,4308,4309],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4310,4311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4312,4313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4314,3855],{"class":369},[14,4316,4317],{},"Why?",[14,4319,4320],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4322,4323],{},"Think of it this way:",[140,4325,4326,4333,4336],{},[143,4327,4328,1129,4330,4332],{},[18,4329,3460],{},[18,4331,3552],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[143,4334,4335],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[143,4337,4338,4339],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4340,3552],{},[14,4342,4343],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4345,4346],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[44,4348,4350],{"className":46,"code":4349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4351,4352,4363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4353,4354,4356,4358,4360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4355,115],{"class":114},[53,4357,102],{"class":67},[53,4359,3595],{"class":114},[53,4361,4362],{"class":67},"(()))\n",[53,4364,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4366,115],{"class":114},[53,4368,102],{"class":67},[53,4370,3595],{"class":114},[53,4372,102],{"class":67},[53,4374,3653],{"class":252},[53,4376,1907],{"class":67},[14,4378,328],{},[44,4380,4382],{"className":46,"code":4381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4383,4384,4388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4385,4386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4387,3855],{"class":369},[53,4389,4390],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4391,3855],{"class":369},[39,4393,1039],{"id":1038},[830,4395,4397],{"id":4396},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4399,4400],{},"This is wrong:",[44,4402,4404],{"className":46,"code":4403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4405,4406,4411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4407,4408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4409,4410],{"class":127},"# Wrong\n",[53,4412,4413],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4414,4415],{"class":127},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4417,4418,4420],{},[18,4419,3460],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4422,4423],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[44,4425,4427],{"className":46,"code":4426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4428,4429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4430,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4432,115],{"class":114},[53,4434,102],{"class":67},[53,4436,3595],{"class":114},[53,4438,619],{"class":67},[53,4440,72],{"class":71},[53,4442,75],{"class":67},[53,4444,78],{"class":71},[53,4446,75],{"class":67},[53,4448,83],{"class":71},[53,4450,2879],{"class":67},[830,4452,4454,4455,4457],{"id":4453},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4456,3460],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4459,4460],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[44,4462,4464],{"className":46,"code":4463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4465,4466,4486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4469,60],{"class":59},[53,4471,64],{"class":63},[53,4473,68],{"class":67},[53,4475,2017],{"class":71},[53,4477,75],{"class":67},[53,4479,1577],{"class":71},[53,4481,75],{"class":67},[53,4483,1577],{"class":71},[53,4485,86],{"class":67},[53,4487,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4489,115],{"class":114},[53,4491,102],{"class":67},[53,4493,3595],{"class":114},[53,4495,102],{"class":67},[53,4497,92],{"class":98},[53,4499,1907],{"class":67},[14,4501,4502,4503,4505],{},"This does ",[23,4504,36],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4507,4508,4509,4511],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4510,2017],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[44,4513,4514],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4515,4516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4517,4518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4519,3855],{"class":369},[14,4521,4522],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[44,4524,4526],{"className":46,"code":4525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4527,4528,4548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4529,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4531,60],{"class":59},[53,4533,64],{"class":63},[53,4535,68],{"class":67},[53,4537,2017],{"class":71},[53,4539,75],{"class":67},[53,4541,1577],{"class":71},[53,4543,75],{"class":67},[53,4545,1577],{"class":71},[53,4547,86],{"class":67},[53,4549,4550,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4551,115],{"class":114},[53,4553,102],{"class":67},[53,4555,3595],{"class":114},[53,4557,102],{"class":67},[53,4559,2905],{"class":98},[53,4561,4562],{"class":63},"==",[53,4564,1577],{"class":71},[53,4566,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4568,3758],{"class":98},[53,4570,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4572,4138],{"class":98},[53,4574,1907],{"class":67},[830,4576,4578,4579,4581],{"id":4577},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4580,2000],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[44,4583,4585],{"className":46,"code":4584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4586,4587,4613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4588,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4590,115],{"class":114},[53,4592,102],{"class":67},[53,4594,3595],{"class":114},[53,4596,619],{"class":67},[53,4598,72],{"class":71},[53,4600,75],{"class":67},[53,4602,78],{"class":71},[53,4604,75],{"class":67},[53,4606,3713],{"class":71},[53,4608,4609],{"class":67},"]))",[53,4611,4612],{"class":127},"       # False\n",[53,4614,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4641,4643],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4616,115],{"class":114},[53,4618,102],{"class":67},[53,4620,3595],{"class":114},[53,4622,619],{"class":67},[53,4624,341],{"class":252},[53,4626,183],{"class":256},[53,4628,341],{"class":252},[53,4630,75],{"class":67},[53,4632,350],{"class":252},[53,4634,1453],{"class":256},[53,4636,341],{"class":252},[53,4638,75],{"class":67},[53,4640,3718],{"class":252},[53,4642,4609],{"class":67},[53,4644,4645],{"class":127},"  # False\n",[14,4647,4648,4649,95],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4650,3552],{},[830,4652,4654,4655,4657,4658],{"id":4653},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4656,3483],{}," is ",[18,4659,573],{},[14,4661,4662],{},"This is expected behavior:",[44,4664,4666],{"className":46,"code":4665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4667,4668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4669,4670,4672,4674,4676,4679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4671,115],{"class":114},[53,4673,102],{"class":67},[53,4675,3595],{"class":114},[53,4677,4678],{"class":67},"([]))",[53,4680,3542],{"class":127},[14,4682,4683,4684,4686],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,4685,573],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4688,4689],{},"Useful quick tests:",[44,4691,4693],{"className":46,"code":4692,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,4694,4695,4717,4739,4786,4822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4696,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4698,115],{"class":114},[53,4700,102],{"class":67},[53,4702,3595],{"class":114},[53,4704,619],{"class":67},[53,4706,72],{"class":71},[53,4708,75],{"class":67},[53,4710,78],{"class":71},[53,4712,75],{"class":67},[53,4714,83],{"class":71},[53,4716,2879],{"class":67},[53,4718,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4720,115],{"class":114},[53,4722,102],{"class":67},[53,4724,3595],{"class":114},[53,4726,619],{"class":67},[53,4728,72],{"class":71},[53,4730,75],{"class":67},[53,4732,3713],{"class":71},[53,4734,75],{"class":67},[53,4736,83],{"class":71},[53,4738,2879],{"class":67},[53,4740,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,4742,115],{"class":114},[53,4744,619],{"class":67},[53,4746,3746],{"class":2782},[53,4748,102],{"class":67},[53,4750,2056],{"class":98},[53,4752,3539],{"class":67},[53,4754,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4756,3758],{"class":98},[53,4758,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4760,68],{"class":67},[53,4762,72],{"class":71},[53,4764,75],{"class":67},[53,4766,3713],{"class":71},[53,4768,75],{"class":67},[53,4770,3718],{"class":252},[53,4772,75],{"class":67},[53,4774,350],{"class":252},[53,4776,556],{"class":256},[53,4778,341],{"class":252},[53,4780,75],{"class":67},[53,4782,3731],{"class":369},[53,4784,4785],{"class":67},"]])\n",[53,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,4789,115],{"class":114},[53,4791,102],{"class":67},[53,4793,3595],{"class":114},[53,4795,102],{"class":67},[53,4797,2905],{"class":98},[53,4799,4127],{"class":63},[53,4801,3713],{"class":71},[53,4803,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4805,3758],{"class":98},[53,4807,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4809,68],{"class":67},[53,4811,72],{"class":71},[53,4813,75],{"class":67},[53,4815,78],{"class":71},[53,4817,75],{"class":67},[53,4819,83],{"class":71},[53,4821,2879],{"class":67},[53,4823,4824,4826,4828,4830],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,4825,115],{"class":114},[53,4827,102],{"class":67},[53,4829,3595],{"class":114},[53,4831,4304],{"class":67},[39,4833,4835,4836],{"id":4834},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,4837,3460],{},[14,4839,4840,4842],{},[18,4841,3460],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4844,4845],{},"Common use cases:",[140,4847,4848,4851,4854],{},[143,4849,4850],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[143,4852,4853],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[143,4855,4856],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4858,4859],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[44,4861,4863],{"className":46,"code":4862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,4864,4865,4901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4866,4867,4870,4872,4874,4876,4879,4881,4883,4885,4888,4890,4892,4894,4897,4899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4868,4869],{"class":59},"names ",[53,4871,64],{"class":63},[53,4873,68],{"class":67},[53,4875,341],{"class":252},[53,4877,4878],{"class":256},"Alice",[53,4880,341],{"class":252},[53,4882,75],{"class":67},[53,4884,350],{"class":252},[53,4886,4887],{"class":256},"Bob",[53,4889,341],{"class":252},[53,4891,75],{"class":67},[53,4893,350],{"class":252},[53,4895,4896],{"class":256},"Charlie",[53,4898,341],{"class":252},[53,4900,86],{"class":67},[53,4902,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4914],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4904,115],{"class":114},[53,4906,102],{"class":67},[53,4908,3595],{"class":114},[53,4910,102],{"class":67},[53,4912,4913],{"class":98},"names",[53,4915,1907],{"class":67},[14,4917,328],{},[44,4919,4920],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4921,4922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4923,4924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4925,3855],{"class":369},[14,4927,4928],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[44,4930,4932],{"className":46,"code":4931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,4933,4934,4958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4935,4936,4939,4941,4943,4946,4948,4951,4953,4956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4937,4938],{"class":59},"scores ",[53,4940,64],{"class":63},[53,4942,68],{"class":67},[53,4944,4945],{"class":71},"75",[53,4947,75],{"class":67},[53,4949,4950],{"class":71}," 80",[53,4952,75],{"class":67},[53,4954,4955],{"class":71}," 50",[53,4957,86],{"class":67},[53,4959,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4971,4974,4976,4978,4981,4983,4986],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,4961,115],{"class":114},[53,4963,102],{"class":67},[53,4965,3595],{"class":114},[53,4967,102],{"class":67},[53,4969,4970],{"class":98},"score ",[53,4972,4973],{"class":63},">=",[53,4975,4955],{"class":71},[53,4977,3755],{"class":1558},[53,4979,4980],{"class":98}," score ",[53,4982,1565],{"class":1558},[53,4984,4985],{"class":98}," scores",[53,4987,1907],{"class":67},[14,4989,328],{},[44,4991,4992],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,4993,4994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4995,4996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4997,3855],{"class":369},[14,4999,5000],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5002,5003,5004,4269,5008,95],{},"For related tasks, see ",[183,5005,5007],{"href":5006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[183,5009,5011],{"href":5010},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[39,5013,1650],{"id":1649},[830,5015,5017,5018,5020],{"id":5016},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5019,3460],{}," return in Python?",[14,5022,5023,5024,5026,5027,5029],{},"It returns ",[18,5025,573],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5028,3552],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[830,5031,5033,5034,5036,5037,2370],{"id":5032},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5035,3483],{}," return ",[18,5038,573],{},[14,5040,5041],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[830,5043,5045,5046,5048],{"id":5044},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5047,3460],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5050,5051],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[830,5053,5055,5056,4269,5058,2370],{"id":5054},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5057,3460],{},[18,5059,5060],{},"any()",[14,5062,5063,5065,5066,5068,5069,95],{},[18,5064,3460],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5067,5060],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[183,5070,3457,5072,3390],{"href":5071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5073,5060],{},[39,5075,1782],{"id":1781},[140,5077,5078,5084,5088,5093,5098,5103],{},[143,5079,5080],{},[183,5081,3457,5082,3390],{"href":5071},[18,5083,5060],{},[143,5085,5086],{},[183,5087,3686],{"href":3685},[143,5089,5090],{},[183,5091,5092],{"href":5010},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[143,5094,5095],{},[183,5096,5097],{"href":5006},"How to filter a list in Python",[143,5099,5100],{},[183,5101,5102],{"href":4267},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[143,5104,5105],{},[183,5106,5107],{"href":4272},"What is an iterable in Python",[1810,5109,5110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":5112},[5113,5114,5116,5117,5122,5124,5125,5134,5136,5146],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":3555,"depth":89,"text":5115},"What all() does",{"id":3608,"depth":89,"text":3609},{"id":3806,"depth":89,"text":3807,"children":5118},[5119,5120,5121],{"id":3810,"depth":111,"text":3811},{"id":3871,"depth":111,"text":3872},{"id":3935,"depth":111,"text":3936},{"id":4072,"depth":89,"text":5123},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4276,"depth":89,"text":4277},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":5126},[5127,5128,5130,5132],{"id":4396,"depth":111,"text":4397},{"id":4453,"depth":111,"text":5129},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4577,"depth":111,"text":5131},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4653,"depth":111,"text":5133},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4834,"depth":89,"text":5135},"When to use all()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":5137},[5138,5140,5142,5144],{"id":5016,"depth":111,"text":5139},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5032,"depth":111,"text":5141},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5044,"depth":111,"text":5143},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5054,"depth":111,"text":5145},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3451,"description":5147},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5154,"title":5155,"body":5156,"description":6837,"extension":1841,"meta":6838,"navigation":301,"path":5071,"seo":6839,"stem":6840,"__hash__":6841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5157,"toc":6815},[5158,5161,5169,5172,5187,5195,5239,5248,5252,5257,5260,5277,5280,5291,5303,5305,5308,5323,5328,5331,5343,5346,5430,5433,5454,5460,5462,5470,5484,5486,5520,5522,5525,5586,5588,5605,5608,5635,5637,5645,5657,5661,5664,5703,5705,5713,5715,5731,5739,5742,5785,5787,5795,5800,5804,5812,5815,5840,5843,5846,5920,5922,5930,5937,5961,5972,5975,6054,6056,6064,6071,6075,6080,6095,6097,6105,6108,6114,6117,6163,6165,6182,6186,6191,6202,6205,6316,6319,6378,6384,6386,6391,6395,6397,6416,6422,6425,6444,6448,6457,6484,6486,6494,6501,6505,6511,6534,6536,6544,6551,6555,6558,6609,6612,6663,6666,6668,6672,6679,6683,6690,6694,6702,6706,6709,6731,6733,6783,6785,6812],[10,5159,5155],{"id":5160},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5162,5163,5165,5166,95],{},[18,5164,5060],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[23,5167,5168],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5170,5171],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[140,5173,5174,5176,5179,5182,5184],{},[143,5175,172],{},[143,5177,5178],{},"tuples",[143,5180,5181],{},"sets",[143,5183,166],{},[143,5185,5186],{},"generator expressions",[14,5188,5189,5190,2758,5192,5194],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5191,573],{},[18,5193,3552],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[44,5196,5198],{"className":46,"code":5197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5199,5200,5220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5201,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5203,3702],{"class":59},[53,5205,64],{"class":63},[53,5207,68],{"class":67},[53,5209,2000],{"class":71},[53,5211,75],{"class":67},[53,5213,3718],{"class":252},[53,5215,75],{"class":67},[53,5217,1577],{"class":71},[53,5219,86],{"class":67},[53,5221,5222,5224,5226,5229,5231,5234,5237],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5223,115],{"class":114},[53,5225,102],{"class":67},[53,5227,5228],{"class":114},"any",[53,5230,102],{"class":67},[53,5232,5233],{"class":98},"values",[53,5235,5236],{"class":67},"))",[53,5238,3542],{"class":127},[14,5240,131,5241,5244,5245,5247],{},[18,5242,5243],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5246,573],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[39,5249,5251],{"id":5250},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5253,5254,5256],{},[18,5255,5060],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5258,5259],{},"It returns:",[140,5261,5262,5267,5272],{},[143,5263,5264,5266],{},[18,5265,573],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[143,5268,5269,5271],{},[18,5270,3552],{}," if all items are falsy",[143,5273,5274,5276],{},[18,5275,3552],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5278,5279],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[140,5281,5282,5285,5288],{},[143,5283,5284],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[143,5286,5287],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[143,5289,5290],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5292,5293,5294,5297,5298,95],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[23,5295,5296],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[183,5299,5301],{"href":5300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5302,3460],{},[39,5304,190],{"id":189},[14,5306,5307],{},"The syntax is simple:",[44,5309,5311],{"className":46,"code":5310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5312,5313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5314,5315,5317,5319,5321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5316,5228],{"class":114},[53,5318,102],{"class":67},[53,5320,3600],{"class":98},[53,5322,108],{"class":67},[14,5324,5325,5326,95],{},"The argument must be an ",[23,5327,3600],{},[14,5329,5330],{},"Common inputs include:",[140,5332,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341],{},[143,5334,172],{},[143,5336,5178],{},[143,5338,5181],{},[143,5340,166],{},[143,5342,5186],{},[14,5344,5345],{},"For example:",[44,5347,5349],{"className":46,"code":5348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5350,5351,5374,5393,5412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5352,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363,5365,5367,5369,5372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5354,115],{"class":114},[53,5356,102],{"class":67},[53,5358,5228],{"class":114},[53,5360,619],{"class":67},[53,5362,2000],{"class":71},[53,5364,75],{"class":67},[53,5366,3713],{"class":71},[53,5368,75],{"class":67},[53,5370,5371],{"class":71}," 1",[53,5373,2879],{"class":67},[53,5375,5376,5378,5380,5382,5385,5387,5389,5391],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5377,115],{"class":114},[53,5379,102],{"class":67},[53,5381,5228],{"class":114},[53,5383,5384],{"class":67},"((",[53,5386,3552],{"class":369},[53,5388,75],{"class":67},[53,5390,3783],{"class":369},[53,5392,2793],{"class":67},[53,5394,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,5396,115],{"class":114},[53,5398,102],{"class":67},[53,5400,5228],{"class":114},[53,5402,587],{"class":67},[53,5404,2000],{"class":71},[53,5406,75],{"class":67},[53,5408,78],{"class":71},[53,5410,5411],{"class":67},"}))\n",[53,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,5415,115],{"class":114},[53,5417,102],{"class":67},[53,5419,5228],{"class":114},[53,5421,102],{"class":67},[53,5423,253],{"class":252},[53,5425,556],{"class":256},[53,5427,253],{"class":252},[53,5429,1907],{"class":67},[14,5431,5432],{},"Expected output:",[44,5434,5436],{"className":46,"code":5435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5437,5438,5442,5446,5450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5439,5440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5441,3855],{"class":369},[53,5443,5444],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5445,3916],{"class":369},[53,5447,5448],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,5449,3855],{"class":369},[53,5451,5452],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,5453,3855],{"class":369},[14,5455,5456,5457,95],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[183,5458,5011],{"href":5459},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[39,5461,3609],{"id":3608},[14,5463,3612,5464,2758,5467,3617],{},[23,5465,5466],{},"truthy",[23,5468,5469],{},"falsy",[140,5471,5472,5478],{},[143,5473,5474,3625,5476],{},[23,5475,3624],{},[18,5477,573],{},[143,5479,5480,3625,5482],{},[23,5481,3632],{},[18,5483,3552],{},[14,5485,3637],{},[140,5487,5488,5492,5496,5500,5504,5508,5512,5516],{},[143,5489,5490],{},[18,5491,3552],{},[143,5493,5494],{},[18,5495,2000],{},[143,5497,5498],{},[18,5499,3648],{},[143,5501,5502],{},[18,5503,3653],{},[143,5505,5506],{},[18,5507,3666],{},[143,5509,5510],{},[18,5511,3671],{},[143,5513,5514],{},[18,5515,3676],{},[143,5517,5518],{},[18,5519,232],{},[14,5521,3679],{},[14,5523,5524],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[44,5526,5528],{"className":46,"code":5527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5529,5530,5544,5562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5531,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5533,115],{"class":114},[53,5535,102],{"class":67},[53,5537,5228],{"class":114},[53,5539,619],{"class":67},[53,5541,72],{"class":71},[53,5543,2879],{"class":67},[53,5545,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5547,115],{"class":114},[53,5549,102],{"class":67},[53,5551,5228],{"class":114},[53,5553,619],{"class":67},[53,5555,341],{"class":252},[53,5557,556],{"class":256},[53,5559,341],{"class":252},[53,5561,2879],{"class":67},[53,5563,5564,5566,5568,5570,5573,5575,5577,5579,5581,5583],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,5565,115],{"class":114},[53,5567,102],{"class":67},[53,5569,5228],{"class":114},[53,5571,5572],{"class":67},"([[",[53,5574,72],{"class":71},[53,5576,75],{"class":67},[53,5578,78],{"class":71},[53,5580,75],{"class":67},[53,5582,83],{"class":71},[53,5584,5585],{"class":67},"]]))\n",[14,5587,5432],{},[44,5589,5591],{"className":46,"code":5590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5592,5593,5597,5601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5594,5595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5596,3855],{"class":369},[53,5598,5599],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5600,3855],{"class":369},[53,5602,5603],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,5604,3855],{"class":369},[14,5606,5607],{},"And these are all falsy:",[44,5609,5611],{"className":46,"code":5610,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5612,5613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5614,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5616,115],{"class":114},[53,5618,102],{"class":67},[53,5620,5228],{"class":114},[53,5622,619],{"class":67},[53,5624,2000],{"class":71},[53,5626,75],{"class":67},[53,5628,3718],{"class":252},[53,5630,75],{"class":67},[53,5632,3731],{"class":369},[53,5634,2879],{"class":67},[14,5636,5432],{},[44,5638,5639],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,5640,5641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5642,5643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5644,3916],{"class":369},[14,5646,5647,5648,4269,5651,95],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[183,5649,3686],{"href":5650},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[183,5652,5654,5656],{"href":5653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5655,3692],{}," explained",[39,5658,5660],{"id":5659},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5662,5663],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[44,5665,5667],{"className":46,"code":5666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5668,5669,5689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5670,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5672,3702],{"class":59},[53,5674,64],{"class":63},[53,5676,68],{"class":67},[53,5678,2000],{"class":71},[53,5680,75],{"class":67},[53,5682,3718],{"class":252},[53,5684,75],{"class":67},[53,5686,1577],{"class":71},[53,5688,86],{"class":67},[53,5690,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5692,115],{"class":114},[53,5694,102],{"class":67},[53,5696,5228],{"class":114},[53,5698,102],{"class":67},[53,5700,5233],{"class":98},[53,5702,1907],{"class":67},[14,5704,328],{},[44,5706,5707],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,5708,5709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5710,5711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5712,3855],{"class":369},[14,5714,4317],{},[140,5716,5717,5722,5726],{},[143,5718,5719,5721],{},[18,5720,2000],{}," is falsy",[143,5723,5724,5721],{},[18,5725,3653],{},[143,5727,5728,5730],{},[18,5729,2017],{}," is truthy",[14,5732,5733,5734,1129,5737,95],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,5735,5736],{},"any(values)",[18,5738,573],{},[14,5740,5741],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[44,5743,5745],{"className":46,"code":5744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5746,5747,5771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5748,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765,5767,5769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5750,3702],{"class":59},[53,5752,64],{"class":63},[53,5754,68],{"class":67},[53,5756,2000],{"class":71},[53,5758,75],{"class":67},[53,5760,3718],{"class":252},[53,5762,75],{"class":67},[53,5764,3731],{"class":369},[53,5766,75],{"class":67},[53,5768,3783],{"class":369},[53,5770,86],{"class":67},[53,5772,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5774,115],{"class":114},[53,5776,102],{"class":67},[53,5778,5228],{"class":114},[53,5780,102],{"class":67},[53,5782,5233],{"class":98},[53,5784,1907],{"class":67},[14,5786,328],{},[44,5788,5789],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,5790,5791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5792,5793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5794,3916],{"class":369},[14,5796,5797,5798,95],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,5799,3552],{},[39,5801,5803],{"id":5802},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5805,5806,5808,5809,95],{},[18,5807,5060],{}," is often used with a ",[23,5810,5811],{},"generator expression",[14,5813,5814],{},"This is a common pattern:",[44,5816,5818],{"className":46,"code":5817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,5819,5820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5821,5822,5824,5826,5829,5831,5834,5836,5838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5823,5228],{"class":114},[53,5825,102],{"class":67},[53,5827,5828],{"class":98},"condition ",[53,5830,1559],{"class":1558},[53,5832,5833],{"class":98}," item ",[53,5835,1565],{"class":1558},[53,5837,1080],{"class":98},[53,5839,108],{"class":67},[14,5841,5842],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5844,5845],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[44,5847,5849],{"className":46,"code":5848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,5850,5851,5879,5883,5910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5852,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5866,5868,5870,5872,5874,5877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5854,60],{"class":59},[53,5856,64],{"class":63},[53,5858,68],{"class":67},[53,5860,105],{"class":71},[53,5862,75],{"class":67},[53,5864,5865],{"class":71}," 7",[53,5867,75],{"class":67},[53,5869,2103],{"class":63},[53,5871,1937],{"class":71},[53,5873,75],{"class":67},[53,5875,5876],{"class":71}," 10",[53,5878,86],{"class":67},[53,5880,5881],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,5882,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,5884,5885,5887,5889,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,5886,276],{"class":59},[53,5888,64],{"class":63},[53,5890,5891],{"class":114}," any",[53,5893,102],{"class":67},[53,5895,2905],{"class":98},[53,5897,3171],{"class":63},[53,5899,3713],{"class":71},[53,5901,3755],{"class":1558},[53,5903,3758],{"class":98},[53,5905,1565],{"class":1558},[53,5907,4138],{"class":98},[53,5909,108],{"class":67},[53,5911,5912,5914,5916,5918],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,5913,115],{"class":114},[53,5915,102],{"class":67},[53,5917,323],{"class":98},[53,5919,108],{"class":67},[14,5921,328],{},[44,5923,5924],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,5925,5926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5927,5928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5929,3855],{"class":369},[14,5931,5932,5933,5936],{},"This works because ",[18,5934,5935],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[140,5938,5939,5947,5954],{},[143,5940,5941,5944,5945],{},[18,5942,5943],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,5946,3552],{},[143,5948,5949,5944,5952],{},[18,5950,5951],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,5953,3552],{},[143,5955,5956,5944,5959],{},[18,5957,5958],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,5960,573],{},[14,5962,5963,5964,5966,5967,5969,5970,95],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,5965,573],{}," result, ",[18,5968,5060],{}," can return ",[18,5971,573],{},[14,5973,5974],{},"Here is another example:",[44,5976,5978],{"className":46,"code":5977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,5979,5980,6009,6013,6043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5981,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990,5992,5994,5996,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5983,3946],{"class":59},[53,5985,64],{"class":63},[53,5987,68],{"class":67},[53,5989,253],{"class":252},[53,5991,257],{"class":256},[53,5993,253],{"class":252},[53,5995,75],{"class":67},[53,5997,5998],{"class":252}," \"\"",[53,6000,75],{"class":67},[53,6002,264],{"class":252},[53,6004,267],{"class":256},[53,6006,253],{"class":252},[53,6008,86],{"class":67},[53,6010,6011],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6012,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,6014,6015,6018,6020,6022,6024,6027,6029,6031,6033,6036,6038,6041],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6016,6017],{"class":59},"has_empty_string ",[53,6019,64],{"class":63},[53,6021,5891],{"class":114},[53,6023,102],{"class":67},[53,6025,6026],{"class":98},"word ",[53,6028,4562],{"class":63},[53,6030,5998],{"class":252},[53,6032,3755],{"class":1558},[53,6034,6035],{"class":98}," word ",[53,6037,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6039,6040],{"class":98}," words",[53,6042,108],{"class":67},[53,6044,6045,6047,6049,6052],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,6046,115],{"class":114},[53,6048,102],{"class":67},[53,6050,6051],{"class":98},"has_empty_string",[53,6053,108],{"class":67},[14,6055,328],{},[44,6057,6058],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6059,6060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6061,6062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6063,3855],{"class":369},[14,6065,6066,6067,95],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[183,6068,6070],{"href":6069},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[39,6072,6074],{"id":6073},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6076,6077,6078,597],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6079,3552],{},[44,6081,6083],{"className":46,"code":6082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6084,6085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6088,115],{"class":114},[53,6090,102],{"class":67},[53,6092,5228],{"class":114},[53,6094,4304],{"class":67},[14,6096,328],{},[44,6098,6099],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6100,6101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6102,6103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6104,3916],{"class":369},[14,6106,6107],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6109,6110,6111,6113],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6112,5060],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6115,6116],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[44,6118,6120],{"className":46,"code":6119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6121,6122,6132,6147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6123,6124,6126,6128,6130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6125,115],{"class":114},[53,6127,102],{"class":67},[53,6129,5228],{"class":114},[53,6131,4362],{"class":67},[53,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6145],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6135,115],{"class":114},[53,6137,102],{"class":67},[53,6139,5228],{"class":114},[53,6141,102],{"class":67},[53,6143,6144],{"class":252},"\"\"",[53,6146,1907],{"class":67},[53,6148,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6160],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6150,115],{"class":114},[53,6152,102],{"class":67},[53,6154,5228],{"class":114},[53,6156,102],{"class":67},[53,6158,6159],{"class":2782},"set",[53,6161,6162],{"class":67},"()))\n",[14,6164,328],{},[44,6166,6168],{"className":46,"code":6167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6169,6170,6174,6178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6171,6172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6173,3916],{"class":369},[53,6175,6176],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6177,3916],{"class":369},[53,6179,6180],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6181,3916],{"class":369},[39,6183,6185],{"id":6184},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6187,131,6188,6190],{},[18,6189,5060],{}," when you want to:",[140,6192,6193,6196,6199],{},[143,6194,6195],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[143,6197,6198],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[143,6200,6201],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6203,6204],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[44,6206,6208],{"className":46,"code":6207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6209,6210,6235,6239,6249,6253,6266,6285,6295,6300,6304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6213,60],{"class":59},[53,6215,64],{"class":63},[53,6217,68],{"class":67},[53,6219,72],{"class":71},[53,6221,75],{"class":67},[53,6223,83],{"class":71},[53,6225,75],{"class":67},[53,6227,1577],{"class":71},[53,6229,75],{"class":67},[53,6231,6232],{"class":71}," 8",[53,6234,86],{"class":67},[53,6236,6237],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6238,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,6240,6241,6244,6246],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6242,6243],{"class":59},"found_even ",[53,6245,64],{"class":63},[53,6247,6248],{"class":369}," False\n",[53,6250,6251],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,6252,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,6254,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,6256,1559],{"class":1558},[53,6258,1562],{"class":59},[53,6260,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6262,4138],{"class":59},[53,6264,6265],{"class":67},":\n",[53,6267,6268,6271,6273,6276,6278,6281,6283],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,6269,6270],{"class":1558},"    if",[53,6272,1562],{"class":59},[53,6274,6275],{"class":63},"%",[53,6277,78],{"class":71},[53,6279,6280],{"class":63}," ==",[53,6282,3713],{"class":71},[53,6284,6265],{"class":67},[53,6286,6287,6290,6292],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,6288,6289],{"class":59},"        found_even ",[53,6291,64],{"class":63},[53,6293,6294],{"class":369}," True\n",[53,6296,6297],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,6298,6299],{"class":1558},"        break\n",[53,6301,6302],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,6303,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,6305,6307,6309,6311,6314],{"class":55,"line":6306},10,[53,6308,115],{"class":114},[53,6310,102],{"class":67},[53,6312,6313],{"class":98},"found_even",[53,6315,108],{"class":67},[14,6317,6318],{},"You can write:",[44,6320,6322],{"className":46,"code":6321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6323,6324,6348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6325,6326,6328,6330,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6327,60],{"class":59},[53,6329,64],{"class":63},[53,6331,68],{"class":67},[53,6333,72],{"class":71},[53,6335,75],{"class":67},[53,6337,83],{"class":71},[53,6339,75],{"class":67},[53,6341,1577],{"class":71},[53,6343,75],{"class":67},[53,6345,6232],{"class":71},[53,6347,86],{"class":67},[53,6349,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6351,115],{"class":114},[53,6353,102],{"class":67},[53,6355,5228],{"class":114},[53,6357,102],{"class":67},[53,6359,1594],{"class":98},[53,6361,6275],{"class":63},[53,6363,78],{"class":71},[53,6365,6280],{"class":63},[53,6367,3713],{"class":71},[53,6369,3755],{"class":1558},[53,6371,1562],{"class":98},[53,6373,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6375,4138],{"class":98},[53,6377,1907],{"class":67},[14,6379,6380,6381,6383],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6382,5060],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[39,6385,1039],{"id":1038},[14,6387,6388,6389,95],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6390,5060],{},[830,6392,6394],{"id":6393},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6396,4400],{},[44,6398,6400],{"className":46,"code":6399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6401,6402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6403,6404,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6405,115],{"class":114},[53,6407,102],{"class":67},[53,6409,5228],{"class":114},[53,6411,102],{"class":67},[53,6413,2017],{"class":71},[53,6415,1907],{"class":67},[14,6417,6418,6419,6421],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6420,2017],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6423,6424],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[44,6426,6428],{"className":46,"code":6427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6429,6430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6431,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6433,115],{"class":114},[53,6435,102],{"class":67},[53,6437,5228],{"class":114},[53,6439,619],{"class":67},[53,6441,2017],{"class":71},[53,6443,2879],{"class":67},[830,6445,6447],{"id":6446},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6449,6450,6452,6453,6456],{},[18,6451,5060],{}," needs only ",[23,6454,6455],{},"one"," truthy item.",[44,6458,6460],{"className":46,"code":6459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6461,6462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6463,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480,6482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6465,115],{"class":114},[53,6467,102],{"class":67},[53,6469,5228],{"class":114},[53,6471,619],{"class":67},[53,6473,3552],{"class":369},[53,6475,75],{"class":67},[53,6477,3783],{"class":369},[53,6479,75],{"class":67},[53,6481,674],{"class":369},[53,6483,2879],{"class":67},[14,6485,328],{},[44,6487,6488],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6489,6490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6491,6492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6493,3855],{"class":369},[14,6495,6496,6497,1381],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[183,6498,6499],{"href":5300},[18,6500,3460],{},[830,6502,6504],{"id":6503},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6506,6507,6508,95],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6509,6510],{},"\"True\"",[44,6512,6514],{"className":46,"code":6513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6515,6516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6517,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6519,115],{"class":114},[53,6521,102],{"class":67},[53,6523,5228],{"class":114},[53,6525,619],{"class":67},[53,6527,253],{"class":252},[53,6529,3552],{"class":256},[53,6531,253],{"class":252},[53,6533,2879],{"class":67},[14,6535,328],{},[44,6537,6538],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6539,6540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6541,6542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6543,3855],{"class":369},[14,6545,6546,6547,6550],{},"That is because ",[18,6548,6549],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[830,6552,6554],{"id":6553},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6556,6557],{},"This works:",[44,6559,6561],{"className":46,"code":6560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6562,6563,6583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6564,6565,6567,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6566,60],{"class":59},[53,6568,64],{"class":63},[53,6570,68],{"class":67},[53,6572,72],{"class":71},[53,6574,75],{"class":67},[53,6576,78],{"class":71},[53,6578,75],{"class":67},[53,6580,83],{"class":71},[53,6582,86],{"class":67},[53,6584,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6586,115],{"class":114},[53,6588,102],{"class":67},[53,6590,5228],{"class":114},[53,6592,619],{"class":67},[53,6594,2905],{"class":98},[53,6596,4127],{"class":63},[53,6598,78],{"class":71},[53,6600,3755],{"class":1558},[53,6602,3758],{"class":98},[53,6604,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6606,4138],{"class":98},[53,6608,2879],{"class":67},[14,6610,6611],{},"But this is usually better:",[44,6613,6615],{"className":46,"code":6614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6616,6617,6637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6618,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6620,60],{"class":59},[53,6622,64],{"class":63},[53,6624,68],{"class":67},[53,6626,72],{"class":71},[53,6628,75],{"class":67},[53,6630,78],{"class":71},[53,6632,75],{"class":67},[53,6634,83],{"class":71},[53,6636,86],{"class":67},[53,6638,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6640,115],{"class":114},[53,6642,102],{"class":67},[53,6644,5228],{"class":114},[53,6646,102],{"class":67},[53,6648,2905],{"class":98},[53,6650,4127],{"class":63},[53,6652,78],{"class":71},[53,6654,3755],{"class":1558},[53,6656,3758],{"class":98},[53,6658,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6660,4138],{"class":98},[53,6662,1907],{"class":67},[14,6664,6665],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[39,6667,1650],{"id":1649},[830,6669,6671],{"id":6670},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6673,5023,6674,6676,6677,95],{},[18,6675,573],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,6678,3552],{},[830,6680,6682],{"id":6681},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6684,6685,1129,6687,6689],{},[18,6686,5060],{},[18,6688,3552],{}," for an empty iterable.",[830,6691,6693],{"id":6692},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6695,6696,6698,6699,6701],{},[18,6697,5060],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,6700,3460],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[830,6703,6705],{"id":6704},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6707,6708],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[44,6710,6711],{"className":46,"code":5817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6712,6713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6714,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6716,5228],{"class":114},[53,6718,102],{"class":67},[53,6720,5828],{"class":98},[53,6722,1559],{"class":1558},[53,6724,5833],{"class":98},[53,6726,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6728,1080],{"class":98},[53,6730,108],{"class":67},[14,6732,5345],{},[44,6734,6735],{"className":46,"code":6614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,6736,6737,6757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6738,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6740,60],{"class":59},[53,6742,64],{"class":63},[53,6744,68],{"class":67},[53,6746,72],{"class":71},[53,6748,75],{"class":67},[53,6750,78],{"class":71},[53,6752,75],{"class":67},[53,6754,83],{"class":71},[53,6756,86],{"class":67},[53,6758,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6760,115],{"class":114},[53,6762,102],{"class":67},[53,6764,5228],{"class":114},[53,6766,102],{"class":67},[53,6768,2905],{"class":98},[53,6770,4127],{"class":63},[53,6772,78],{"class":71},[53,6774,3755],{"class":1558},[53,6776,3758],{"class":98},[53,6778,1565],{"class":1558},[53,6780,4138],{"class":98},[53,6782,1907],{"class":67},[39,6784,1782],{"id":1781},[140,6786,6787,6793,6797,6801,6806],{},[143,6788,6789],{},[183,6790,6791,3390],{"href":5300},[18,6792,3460],{},[143,6794,6795],{},[183,6796,3686],{"href":5650},[143,6798,6799],{},[183,6800,5092],{"href":5459},[143,6802,6803],{},[183,6804,6805],{"href":6069},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[143,6807,6808],{},[183,6809,6810,3390],{"href":5653},[18,6811,3692],{},[1810,6813,6814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":6816},[6817,6818,6819,6820,6821,6822,6823,6824,6830,6836],{"id":5250,"depth":89,"text":5251},{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190},{"id":3608,"depth":89,"text":3609},{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":5802,"depth":89,"text":5803},{"id":6073,"depth":89,"text":6074},{"id":6184,"depth":89,"text":6185},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":6825},[6826,6827,6828,6829],{"id":6393,"depth":111,"text":6394},{"id":6446,"depth":111,"text":6447},{"id":6503,"depth":111,"text":6504},{"id":6553,"depth":111,"text":6554},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":6831},[6832,6833,6834,6835],{"id":6670,"depth":111,"text":6671},{"id":6681,"depth":111,"text":6682},{"id":6692,"depth":111,"text":6693},{"id":6704,"depth":111,"text":6705},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5155,"description":6837},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6843,"title":6844,"body":6845,"description":8972,"extension":1841,"meta":8973,"navigation":301,"path":8974,"seo":8975,"stem":8976,"__hash__":8977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6846,"toc":8935},[6847,6850,6859,6869,6871,6968,6970,6999,7015,7019,7024,7027,7037,7043,7049,7065,7067,7075,7082,7086,7089,7104,7109,7126,7131,7133,7181,7183,7200,7204,7210,7213,7248,7250,7356,7358,7395,7399,7407,7409,7429,7431,7550,7552,7581,7584,7607,7609,7617,7625,7629,7635,7639,7680,7682,7690,7693,7720,7722,7730,7734,7763,7765,7773,7805,7807,7815,7819,7870,7872,7880,7888,7892,7895,7948,7950,7971,7978,7982,7988,7991,7999,8021,8023,8031,8039,8062,8064,8072,8077,8082,8094,8096,8137,8148,8152,8161,8164,8167,8224,8227,8279,8282,8287,8303,8309,8311,8316,8325,8328,8350,8352,8360,8365,8368,8403,8405,8413,8417,8422,8460,8472,8475,8530,8538,8542,8545,8567,8576,8579,8620,8622,8645,8651,8657,8672,8674,8694,8697,8716,8718,8737,8741,8747,8826,8829,8843,8850,8852,8856,8863,8867,8871,8875,8880,8884,8889,8893,8900,8902,8932],[10,6848,6844],{"id":6849},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6851,16,6852,6854,6855,2758,6857,95],{},[18,6853,3692],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,6856,573],{},[18,6858,3552],{},[14,6860,6861,6862,6864,6865,6868],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,6863,3692],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,6866,6867],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[39,6870,42],{"id":41},[44,6872,6874],{"className":46,"code":6873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,6875,6876,6890,6904,6918,6936,6946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6877,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6879,115],{"class":114},[53,6881,102],{"class":67},[53,6883,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6885,102],{"class":67},[53,6887,2000],{"class":71},[53,6889,1907],{"class":67},[53,6891,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6893,115],{"class":114},[53,6895,102],{"class":67},[53,6897,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6899,102],{"class":67},[53,6901,72],{"class":71},[53,6903,1907],{"class":67},[53,6905,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6907,115],{"class":114},[53,6909,102],{"class":67},[53,6911,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6913,102],{"class":67},[53,6915,6144],{"class":252},[53,6917,1907],{"class":67},[53,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,6921,115],{"class":114},[53,6923,102],{"class":67},[53,6925,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6927,102],{"class":67},[53,6929,253],{"class":252},[53,6931,556],{"class":256},[53,6933,253],{"class":252},[53,6935,1907],{"class":67},[53,6937,6938,6940,6942,6944],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,6939,115],{"class":114},[53,6941,102],{"class":67},[53,6943,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6945,4304],{"class":67},[53,6947,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,6949,115],{"class":114},[53,6951,102],{"class":67},[53,6953,3746],{"class":2782},[53,6955,619],{"class":67},[53,6957,72],{"class":71},[53,6959,75],{"class":67},[53,6961,78],{"class":71},[53,6963,75],{"class":67},[53,6965,83],{"class":71},[53,6967,2879],{"class":67},[14,6969,5432],{},[44,6971,6973],{"className":46,"code":6972,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,6974,6975,6979,6983,6987,6991,6995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6976,6977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6978,3916],{"class":369},[53,6980,6981],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,6982,3855],{"class":369},[53,6984,6985],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,6986,3916],{"class":369},[53,6988,6989],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,6990,3855],{"class":369},[53,6992,6993],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,6994,3916],{"class":369},[53,6996,6997],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,6998,3855],{"class":369},[14,7000,131,7001,7004,7005,2758,7007,7009,7010,7012,7013,95],{},[18,7002,7003],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7006,573],{},[18,7008,3552],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7011,3552],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7014,573],{},[39,7016,7018],{"id":7017},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7020,7021,7023],{},[18,7022,3692],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7025,7026],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[140,7028,7029,7033],{},[143,7030,7031],{},[18,7032,573],{},[143,7034,7035],{},[18,7036,3552],{},[14,7038,7039,7040,7042],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7041,6867],{}," statements.",[14,7044,7045,7046,7048],{},"You can also call ",[18,7047,3692],{}," with no argument:",[44,7050,7052],{"className":46,"code":7051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool())\n",[18,7053,7054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7057,115],{"class":114},[53,7059,102],{"class":67},[53,7061,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7063,7064],{"class":67},"())\n",[14,7066,328],{},[44,7068,7069],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7070,7071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7072,7073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7074,3916],{"class":369},[14,7076,7077,7078,95],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[183,7079,7081],{"href":7080},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[39,7083,7085],{"id":7084},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7087,7088],{},"The basic syntax is:",[44,7090,7092],{"className":46,"code":7091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bool(value)\n",[18,7093,7094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7095,7096,7098,7100,7102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7097,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7099,102],{"class":67},[53,7101,2350],{"class":98},[53,7103,108],{"class":67},[14,7105,16,7106,7108],{},[18,7107,2350],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[140,7110,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123],{},[143,7112,92],{},[143,7114,166],{},[143,7116,172],{},[143,7118,5178],{},[143,7120,175],{},[143,7122,5181],{},[143,7124,7125],{},"other objects",[14,7127,7128,7129,95],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7130,3552],{},[14,7132,235],{},[44,7134,7136],{"className":46,"code":7135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7137,7138,7152,7171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7139,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7141,115],{"class":114},[53,7143,102],{"class":67},[53,7145,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7147,102],{"class":67},[53,7149,539],{"class":71},[53,7151,1907],{"class":67},[53,7153,7154,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164,7167,7169],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7155,115],{"class":114},[53,7157,102],{"class":67},[53,7159,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7161,102],{"class":67},[53,7163,253],{"class":252},[53,7165,7166],{"class":256},"Python",[53,7168,253],{"class":252},[53,7170,1907],{"class":67},[53,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7174,115],{"class":114},[53,7176,102],{"class":67},[53,7178,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7180,7064],{"class":67},[14,7182,328],{},[44,7184,7186],{"className":46,"code":7185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7187,7188,7192,7196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7189,7190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7191,3855],{"class":369},[53,7193,7194],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7195,3855],{"class":369},[53,7197,7198],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7199,3916],{"class":369},[39,7201,7203],{"id":7202},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7205,7206,7207,7209],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[23,7208,5469],{}," values.",[14,7211,7212],{},"Common examples:",[140,7214,7215,7219,7223,7227,7231,7236,7240,7244],{},[143,7216,7217],{},[18,7218,2000],{},[143,7220,7221],{},[18,7222,3648],{},[143,7224,7225],{},[18,7226,6144],{},[143,7228,7229],{},[18,7230,3666],{},[143,7232,7233],{},[18,7234,7235],{},"()",[143,7237,7238],{},[18,7239,3671],{},[143,7241,7242],{},[18,7243,3676],{},[143,7245,7246],{},[18,7247,232],{},[14,7249,235],{},[44,7251,7253],{"className":46,"code":7252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7254,7255,7269,7283,7297,7307,7317,7328,7342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7256,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7258,115],{"class":114},[53,7260,102],{"class":67},[53,7262,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7264,102],{"class":67},[53,7266,2000],{"class":71},[53,7268,1907],{"class":67},[53,7270,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7272,115],{"class":114},[53,7274,102],{"class":67},[53,7276,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7278,102],{"class":67},[53,7280,3648],{"class":71},[53,7282,1907],{"class":67},[53,7284,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7286,115],{"class":114},[53,7288,102],{"class":67},[53,7290,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7292,102],{"class":67},[53,7294,6144],{"class":252},[53,7296,1907],{"class":67},[53,7298,7299,7301,7303,7305],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7300,115],{"class":114},[53,7302,102],{"class":67},[53,7304,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7306,4304],{"class":67},[53,7308,7309,7311,7313,7315],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,7310,115],{"class":114},[53,7312,102],{"class":67},[53,7314,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7316,4362],{"class":67},[53,7318,7319,7321,7323,7325],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,7320,115],{"class":114},[53,7322,102],{"class":67},[53,7324,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7326,7327],{"class":67},"({}))\n",[53,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,7331,115],{"class":114},[53,7333,102],{"class":67},[53,7335,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7337,102],{"class":67},[53,7339,6159],{"class":2782},[53,7341,6162],{"class":67},[53,7343,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,7345,115],{"class":114},[53,7347,102],{"class":67},[53,7349,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7351,102],{"class":67},[53,7353,232],{"class":369},[53,7355,1907],{"class":67},[14,7357,328],{},[44,7359,7361],{"className":46,"code":7360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7362,7363,7367,7371,7375,7379,7383,7387,7391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7364,7365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7366,3916],{"class":369},[53,7368,7369],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7370,3916],{"class":369},[53,7372,7373],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7374,3916],{"class":369},[53,7376,7377],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7378,3916],{"class":369},[53,7380,7381],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,7382,3916],{"class":369},[53,7384,7385],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,7386,3916],{"class":369},[53,7388,7389],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,7390,3916],{"class":369},[53,7392,7393],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,7394,3916],{"class":369},[39,7396,7398],{"id":7397},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7400,7401,7402,7404,7405,7209],{},"Many values become ",[18,7403,573],{},". These are often called ",[23,7406,5466],{},[14,7408,7212],{},[140,7410,7411,7414,7417,7420,7423,7426],{},[143,7412,7413],{},"non-zero numbers",[143,7415,7416],{},"non-empty strings",[143,7418,7419],{},"non-empty lists",[143,7421,7422],{},"non-empty tuples",[143,7424,7425],{},"non-empty sets",[143,7427,7428],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7430,235],{},[44,7432,7434],{"className":46,"code":7433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7435,7436,7450,7466,7484,7506,7524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7437,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446,7448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7439,115],{"class":114},[53,7441,102],{"class":67},[53,7443,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7445,102],{"class":67},[53,7447,2017],{"class":71},[53,7449,1907],{"class":67},[53,7451,7452,7454,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7453,115],{"class":114},[53,7455,102],{"class":67},[53,7457,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7459,102],{"class":67},[53,7461,1901],{"class":63},[53,7463,1937],{"class":71},[53,7465,1907],{"class":67},[53,7467,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7469,115],{"class":114},[53,7471,102],{"class":67},[53,7473,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7475,102],{"class":67},[53,7477,253],{"class":252},[53,7479,556],{"class":256},[53,7481,253],{"class":252},[53,7483,1907],{"class":67},[53,7485,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7487,115],{"class":114},[53,7489,102],{"class":67},[53,7491,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7493,619],{"class":67},[53,7495,72],{"class":71},[53,7497,75],{"class":67},[53,7499,78],{"class":71},[53,7501,75],{"class":67},[53,7503,83],{"class":71},[53,7505,2879],{"class":67},[53,7507,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,7509,115],{"class":114},[53,7511,102],{"class":67},[53,7513,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7515,5384],{"class":67},[53,7517,72],{"class":71},[53,7519,75],{"class":67},[53,7521,78],{"class":71},[53,7523,2793],{"class":67},[53,7525,7526,7528,7530,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,7527,115],{"class":114},[53,7529,102],{"class":67},[53,7531,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7533,587],{"class":67},[53,7535,253],{"class":252},[53,7537,592],{"class":256},[53,7539,253],{"class":252},[53,7541,597],{"class":67},[53,7543,264],{"class":252},[53,7545,602],{"class":256},[53,7547,253],{"class":252},[53,7549,5411],{"class":67},[14,7551,328],{},[44,7553,7555],{"className":46,"code":7554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7556,7557,7561,7565,7569,7573,7577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7558,7559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7560,3855],{"class":369},[53,7562,7563],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7564,3855],{"class":369},[53,7566,7567],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7568,3855],{"class":369},[53,7570,7571],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7572,3855],{"class":369},[53,7574,7575],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,7576,3855],{"class":369},[53,7578,7579],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,7580,3855],{"class":369},[14,7582,7583],{},"One important example is this:",[44,7585,7587],{"className":46,"code":7586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7588,7589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7590,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7592,115],{"class":114},[53,7594,102],{"class":67},[53,7596,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7598,102],{"class":67},[53,7600,253],{"class":252},[53,7602,3552],{"class":256},[53,7604,253],{"class":252},[53,7606,1907],{"class":67},[14,7608,328],{},[44,7610,7611],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7612,7613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7614,7615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7616,3855],{"class":369},[14,7618,7619,7620,7622,7623,95],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7621,6549],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7624,573],{},[39,7626,7628],{"id":7627},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7630,7631,7632,7634],{},"You can use ",[18,7633,3692],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[830,7636,7638],{"id":7637},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[44,7640,7642],{"className":46,"code":7641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7643,7644,7666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7645,7646,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656,7659,7661,7664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7647,516],{"class":59},[53,7649,64],{"class":63},[53,7651,68],{"class":67},[53,7653,539],{"class":71},[53,7655,75],{"class":67},[53,7657,7658],{"class":71}," 20",[53,7660,75],{"class":67},[53,7662,7663],{"class":71}," 30",[53,7665,86],{"class":67},[53,7667,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7669,115],{"class":114},[53,7671,102],{"class":67},[53,7673,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7675,102],{"class":67},[53,7677,530],{"class":98},[53,7679,1907],{"class":67},[14,7681,328],{},[44,7683,7684],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7685,7686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7687,7688],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7689,3855],{"class":369},[14,7691,7692],{},"With an empty list:",[44,7694,7696],{"className":46,"code":7695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7697,7698,7706],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7699,7700,7702,7704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7701,516],{"class":59},[53,7703,64],{"class":63},[53,7705,521],{"class":67},[53,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7709,115],{"class":114},[53,7711,102],{"class":67},[53,7713,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7715,102],{"class":67},[53,7717,530],{"class":98},[53,7719,1907],{"class":67},[14,7721,328],{},[44,7723,7724],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7725,7726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7727,7728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7729,3916],{"class":369},[830,7731,7733],{"id":7732},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[44,7735,7737],{"className":46,"code":7736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7738,7739,7749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7740,7741,7744,7746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7742,7743],{"class":59},"name ",[53,7745,64],{"class":63},[53,7747,7748],{"class":252}," \"\"\n",[53,7750,7751,7753,7755,7757,7759,7761],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7752,115],{"class":114},[53,7754,102],{"class":67},[53,7756,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7758,102],{"class":67},[53,7760,592],{"class":98},[53,7762,1907],{"class":67},[14,7764,328],{},[44,7766,7767],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7768,7769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7770,7771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7772,3916],{"class":369},[44,7774,7776],{"className":46,"code":7775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7777,7778,7791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7779,7780,7782,7784,7786,7789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7781,7743],{"class":59},[53,7783,64],{"class":63},[53,7785,264],{"class":252},[53,7787,7788],{"class":256},"Mia",[53,7790,3239],{"class":252},[53,7792,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7794,115],{"class":114},[53,7796,102],{"class":67},[53,7798,3746],{"class":2782},[53,7800,102],{"class":67},[53,7802,592],{"class":98},[53,7804,1907],{"class":67},[14,7806,328],{},[44,7808,7809],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7810,7811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7812,7813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7814,3855],{"class":369},[830,7816,7818],{"id":7817},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[44,7820,7822],{"className":46,"code":7821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,7823,7824,7838,7855,7859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7825,7826,7829,7831,7833,7836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7827,7828],{"class":59},"username ",[53,7830,64],{"class":63},[53,7832,264],{"class":252},[53,7834,7835],{"class":256},"alex",[53,7837,3239],{"class":252},[53,7839,7840,7843,7845,7848,7850,7853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7841,7842],{"class":59},"has_name ",[53,7844,64],{"class":63},[53,7846,7847],{"class":2782}," bool",[53,7849,102],{"class":67},[53,7851,7852],{"class":98},"username",[53,7854,108],{"class":67},[53,7856,7857],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7858,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,7860,7861,7863,7865,7868],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7862,115],{"class":114},[53,7864,102],{"class":67},[53,7866,7867],{"class":98},"has_name",[53,7869,108],{"class":67},[14,7871,328],{},[44,7873,7874],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,7875,7876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7877,7878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7879,3855],{"class":369},[14,7881,7882,7883,2758,7885,7887],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,7884,573],{},[18,7886,3552],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[830,7889,7891],{"id":7890},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7893,7894],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[44,7896,7898],{"className":46,"code":7897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,7899,7900,7920,7924,7932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7901,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7903,60],{"class":59},[53,7905,64],{"class":63},[53,7907,68],{"class":67},[53,7909,72],{"class":71},[53,7911,75],{"class":67},[53,7913,78],{"class":71},[53,7915,75],{"class":67},[53,7917,83],{"class":71},[53,7919,86],{"class":67},[53,7921,7922],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,7923,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,7925,7926,7928,7930],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,7927,6867],{"class":1558},[53,7929,4138],{"class":59},[53,7931,6265],{"class":67},[53,7933,7934,7937,7939,7941,7944,7946],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,7935,7936],{"class":114},"    print",[53,7938,102],{"class":67},[53,7940,253],{"class":252},[53,7942,7943],{"class":256},"The list is not empty",[53,7945,253],{"class":252},[53,7947,108],{"class":67},[14,7949,328],{},[44,7951,7953],{"className":46,"code":7952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is not empty\n",[18,7954,7955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7956,7957,7959,7962,7965,7968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7958,16],{"class":59},[53,7960,7961],{"class":2782},"list",[53,7963,7964],{"class":63}," is",[53,7966,7967],{"class":63}," not",[53,7969,7970],{"class":59}," empty\n",[14,7972,7973,7974,95],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[183,7975,7977],{"href":7976},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[39,7979,7981],{"id":7980},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7983,7984,7985,7987],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,7986,3692],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7989,7990],{},"It does not do that.",[830,7992,7994,1129,7997],{"id":7993},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,7995,7996],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,7998,573],{},[44,8000,8001],{"className":46,"code":7586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8002,8003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8004,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8006,115],{"class":114},[53,8008,102],{"class":67},[53,8010,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8012,102],{"class":67},[53,8014,253],{"class":252},[53,8016,3552],{"class":256},[53,8018,253],{"class":252},[53,8020,1907],{"class":67},[14,8022,328],{},[44,8024,8025],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8026,8027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8028,8029],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8030,3855],{"class":369},[830,8032,8034,1129,8037],{"id":8033},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8035,8036],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8038,573],{},[44,8040,8042],{"className":46,"code":8041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8043,8044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8045,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8047,115],{"class":114},[53,8049,102],{"class":67},[53,8051,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8053,102],{"class":67},[53,8055,253],{"class":252},[53,8057,2000],{"class":256},[53,8059,253],{"class":252},[53,8061,1907],{"class":67},[14,8063,328],{},[44,8065,8066],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8067,8068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8069,8070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8071,3855],{"class":369},[14,8073,8074,8075,95],{},"This happens because both values are ",[23,8076,7416],{},[14,8078,8079,8081],{},[18,8080,3692],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8083,8084,8085,8090,8091,8093],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[183,8086,8088],{"href":8087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8089,2839],{},", because ",[18,8092,2839],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8095,235],{},[44,8097,8099],{"className":46,"code":8098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8100,8101,8122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8102,8103,8106,8108,8111,8113,8115,8118,8120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8104,8105],{"class":59},"user_value ",[53,8107,64],{"class":63},[53,8109,8110],{"class":114}," input",[53,8112,102],{"class":67},[53,8114,253],{"class":252},[53,8116,8117],{"class":256},"Enter True or False: ",[53,8119,253],{"class":252},[53,8121,108],{"class":67},[53,8123,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8135],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8125,115],{"class":114},[53,8127,102],{"class":67},[53,8129,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8131,102],{"class":67},[53,8133,8134],{"class":98},"user_value",[53,8136,1907],{"class":67},[14,8138,8139,8140,8142,8143,8090,8145,8147],{},"If the user types ",[18,8141,3552],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8144,573],{},[18,8146,6549],{}," is not empty.",[39,8149,8151],{"id":8150},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8153,8154,8155,8157,8158,8160],{},"In many ",[18,8156,6867],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8159,3692],{}," yourself.",[14,8162,8163],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8165,8166],{},"Instead of this:",[44,8168,8170],{"className":46,"code":8169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8171,8172,8193,8197,8209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8173,8174,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8175,8176],{"class":59},"my_list ",[53,8178,64],{"class":63},[53,8180,68],{"class":67},[53,8182,72],{"class":71},[53,8184,75],{"class":67},[53,8186,78],{"class":71},[53,8188,75],{"class":67},[53,8190,83],{"class":71},[53,8192,86],{"class":67},[53,8194,8195],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8196,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,8198,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,8200,6867],{"class":1558},[53,8202,7847],{"class":2782},[53,8204,102],{"class":67},[53,8206,203],{"class":98},[53,8208,1580],{"class":67},[53,8210,8211,8213,8215,8217,8220,8222],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,8212,7936],{"class":114},[53,8214,102],{"class":67},[53,8216,253],{"class":252},[53,8218,8219],{"class":256},"List has items",[53,8221,253],{"class":252},[53,8223,108],{"class":67},[14,8225,8226],{},"You can simply write:",[44,8228,8230],{"className":46,"code":8229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8231,8232,8252,8256,8265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8233,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8235,8176],{"class":59},[53,8237,64],{"class":63},[53,8239,68],{"class":67},[53,8241,72],{"class":71},[53,8243,75],{"class":67},[53,8245,78],{"class":71},[53,8247,75],{"class":67},[53,8249,83],{"class":71},[53,8251,86],{"class":67},[53,8253,8254],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8255,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,8257,8258,8260,8263],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,8259,6867],{"class":1558},[53,8261,8262],{"class":59}," my_list",[53,8264,6265],{"class":67},[53,8266,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275,8277],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,8268,7936],{"class":114},[53,8270,102],{"class":67},[53,8272,253],{"class":252},[53,8274,8219],{"class":256},[53,8276,253],{"class":252},[53,8278,108],{"class":67},[14,8280,8281],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8283,833,8284,8286],{},[18,8285,3692],{}," is still helpful when:",[140,8288,8289,8292,8300],{},[143,8290,8291],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[143,8293,8294,8295,2758,8297,8299],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8296,573],{},[18,8298,3552],{}," value",[143,8301,8302],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8304,8305,8306,95],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[183,8307,8308],{"href":2178},"Python type() function explained",[39,8310,2709],{"id":2708},[14,8312,8313,8314,95],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8315,3692],{},[830,8317,8319,8320,8322,8323],{"id":8318},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,8321,7996],{}," to return ",[18,8324,3552],{},[14,8326,8327],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[44,8329,8330],{"className":46,"code":7586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8331,8332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8333,8334,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8335,115],{"class":114},[53,8337,102],{"class":67},[53,8339,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8341,102],{"class":67},[53,8343,253],{"class":252},[53,8345,3552],{"class":256},[53,8347,253],{"class":252},[53,8349,1907],{"class":67},[14,8351,328],{},[44,8353,8354],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8355,8356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8357,8358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8359,3855],{"class":369},[14,8361,8362,8363,6550],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8364,6549],{},[14,8366,8367],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[44,8369,8371],{"className":46,"code":8370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8372,8373,8385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8374,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8376,2325],{"class":59},[53,8378,64],{"class":63},[53,8380,264],{"class":252},[53,8382,3552],{"class":256},[53,8384,3239],{"class":252},[53,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8401],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8388,115],{"class":114},[53,8390,102],{"class":67},[53,8392,2325],{"class":98},[53,8394,4562],{"class":63},[53,8396,264],{"class":252},[53,8398,573],{"class":256},[53,8400,253],{"class":252},[53,8402,108],{"class":67},[14,8404,328],{},[44,8406,8407],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,8408,8409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8410,8411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8412,3916],{"class":369},[830,8414,8416],{"id":8415},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8418,8419,8421],{},[18,8420,2839],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[44,8423,8425],{"className":46,"code":8424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8426,8427,8446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8428,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8442,8444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8430,2325],{"class":59},[53,8432,64],{"class":63},[53,8434,8110],{"class":114},[53,8436,102],{"class":67},[53,8438,253],{"class":252},[53,8440,8441],{"class":256},"Enter yes or no: ",[53,8443,253],{"class":252},[53,8445,108],{"class":67},[53,8447,8448,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8449,115],{"class":114},[53,8451,102],{"class":67},[53,8453,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8455,102],{"class":67},[53,8457,2350],{"class":98},[53,8459,1907],{"class":67},[14,8461,8139,8462,8465,8466,8468,8469,8147],{},[18,8463,8464],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8467,573],{}," because ",[18,8470,8471],{},"\"no\"",[14,8473,8474],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[44,8476,8478],{"className":46,"code":8477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8479,8480,8511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8481,8482,8484,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8499,8502,8505,8508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8483,2325],{"class":59},[53,8485,64],{"class":63},[53,8487,8110],{"class":114},[53,8489,102],{"class":67},[53,8491,253],{"class":252},[53,8493,8441],{"class":256},[53,8495,253],{"class":252},[53,8497,8498],{"class":67},").",[53,8500,8501],{"class":98},"strip",[53,8503,8504],{"class":67},"().",[53,8506,8507],{"class":98},"lower",[53,8509,8510],{"class":67},"()\n",[53,8512,8513,8515,8517,8519,8521,8523,8526,8528],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8514,115],{"class":114},[53,8516,102],{"class":67},[53,8518,2325],{"class":98},[53,8520,4562],{"class":63},[53,8522,264],{"class":252},[53,8524,8525],{"class":256},"yes",[53,8527,253],{"class":252},[53,8529,108],{"class":67},[14,8531,8532,8533,8535,8536,95],{},"This gives ",[18,8534,573],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8537,8525],{},[830,8539,8541],{"id":8540},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8543,8544],{},"These are different:",[140,8546,8547,8551,8555,8559,8563],{},[143,8548,8549],{},[18,8550,3552],{},[143,8552,8553],{},[18,8554,2000],{},[143,8556,8557],{},[18,8558,6144],{},[143,8560,8561],{},[18,8562,3666],{},[143,8564,8565],{},[18,8566,232],{},[14,8568,8569,8570,8572,8573,8575],{},"They all become ",[18,8571,3552],{}," with ",[18,8574,3692],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8577,8578],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[44,8580,8582],{"className":46,"code":8581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8583,8584,8592,8606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8585,8586,8588,8590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8587,2325],{"class":59},[53,8589,64],{"class":63},[53,8591,521],{"class":67},[53,8593,8594,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8595,115],{"class":114},[53,8597,102],{"class":67},[53,8599,3102],{"class":2782},[53,8601,102],{"class":67},[53,8603,2350],{"class":98},[53,8605,1907],{"class":67},[53,8607,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,8609,115],{"class":114},[53,8611,102],{"class":67},[53,8613,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8615,102],{"class":67},[53,8617,2350],{"class":98},[53,8619,1907],{"class":67},[14,8621,328],{},[44,8623,8625],{"className":46,"code":8624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8626,8627,8641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8628,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8630,3171],{"class":63},[53,8632,3174],{"class":1945},[53,8634,350],{"class":252},[53,8636,7961],{"class":256},[53,8638,341],{"class":252},[53,8640,3183],{"class":63},[53,8642,8643],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8644,3916],{"class":369},[830,8646,833,8648,8650],{"id":8647},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8649,3671],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8652,8653,8654,8656],{},"In Python, ",[18,8655,3671],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[44,8658,8660],{"className":46,"code":8659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8661,8662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8663,8664,8666,8668,8670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8665,115],{"class":114},[53,8667,102],{"class":67},[53,8669,3102],{"class":2782},[53,8671,7327],{"class":67},[14,8673,328],{},[44,8675,8677],{"className":46,"code":8676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8678,8679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8690,8692],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8682,3171],{"class":63},[53,8684,3174],{"class":1945},[53,8686,350],{"class":252},[53,8688,8689],{"class":256},"dict",[53,8691,341],{"class":252},[53,8693,3183],{"class":63},[14,8695,8696],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[44,8698,8700],{"className":46,"code":8699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,8701,8702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8703,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8705,115],{"class":114},[53,8707,102],{"class":67},[53,8709,3102],{"class":2782},[53,8711,102],{"class":67},[53,8713,6159],{"class":2782},[53,8715,6162],{"class":67},[14,8717,328],{},[44,8719,8721],{"className":46,"code":8720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,8722,8723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8724,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8726,3171],{"class":63},[53,8728,3174],{"class":1945},[53,8730,350],{"class":252},[53,8732,6159],{"class":256},[53,8734,341],{"class":252},[53,8736,3183],{"class":63},[39,8738,8740],{"id":8739},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8742,8743,8744,8746],{},"If ",[18,8745,3692],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[44,8748,8750],{"className":46,"code":8749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,8751,8752,8766,8780,8790,8808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8753,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8755,115],{"class":114},[53,8757,102],{"class":67},[53,8759,3746],{"class":2782},[53,8761,102],{"class":67},[53,8763,2350],{"class":98},[53,8765,1907],{"class":67},[53,8767,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,8769,115],{"class":114},[53,8771,102],{"class":67},[53,8773,3102],{"class":2782},[53,8775,102],{"class":67},[53,8777,2350],{"class":98},[53,8779,1907],{"class":67},[53,8781,8782,8784,8786,8788],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,8783,115],{"class":114},[53,8785,102],{"class":67},[53,8787,2350],{"class":98},[53,8789,108],{"class":67},[53,8791,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,8793,115],{"class":114},[53,8795,102],{"class":67},[53,8797,2325],{"class":98},[53,8799,4562],{"class":63},[53,8801,264],{"class":252},[53,8803,573],{"class":256},[53,8805,253],{"class":252},[53,8807,108],{"class":67},[53,8809,8810,8812,8814,8816,8818,8820,8822,8824],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,8811,115],{"class":114},[53,8813,102],{"class":67},[53,8815,2350],{"class":98},[53,8817,95],{"class":67},[53,8819,8501],{"class":98},[53,8821,8504],{"class":67},[53,8823,8507],{"class":98},[53,8825,7064],{"class":67},[14,8827,8828],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[140,8830,8831,8834,8837,8840],{},[143,8832,8833],{},"what the value really is",[143,8835,8836],{},"whether it is a string",[143,8838,8839],{},"whether it contains spaces",[143,8841,8842],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8844,8845,8846,95],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[183,8847,8849],{"href":8848},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[39,8851,1650],{"id":1649},[830,8853,8855],{"id":8854},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8857,8858,8859,2758,8861,95],{},"It returns either ",[18,8860,573],{},[18,8862,3552],{},[830,8864,8866],{"id":8865},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8868,5023,8869,95],{},[18,8870,3552],{},[830,8872,8874],{"id":8873},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8876,8877,8878,95],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,8879,573],{},[830,8881,8883],{"id":8882},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8885,8886,8887,95],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,8888,3552],{},[830,8890,8892],{"id":8891},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8894,8895,8896,2758,8898,3617],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,8897,573],{},[18,8899,3552],{},[39,8901,1782],{"id":1781},[140,8903,8904,8909,8913,8918,8922,8927],{},[143,8905,8906],{},[183,8907,8908],{"href":5650},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[143,8910,8911],{},[183,8912,7977],{"href":7976},[143,8914,8915],{},[183,8916,8917],{"href":8087},"Python input() function explained",[143,8919,8920],{},[183,8921,8308],{"href":2178},[143,8923,8924],{},[183,8925,8926],{"href":8848},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[143,8928,8929],{},[183,8930,8931],{"href":7080},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1810,8933,8934],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":8936},[8937,8938,8939,8940,8941,8942,8948,8954,8955,8963,8964,8971],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":7017,"depth":89,"text":7018},{"id":7084,"depth":89,"text":7085},{"id":7202,"depth":89,"text":7203},{"id":7397,"depth":89,"text":7398},{"id":7627,"depth":89,"text":7628,"children":8943},[8944,8945,8946,8947],{"id":7637,"depth":111,"text":7638},{"id":7732,"depth":111,"text":7733},{"id":7817,"depth":111,"text":7818},{"id":7890,"depth":111,"text":7891},{"id":7980,"depth":89,"text":7981,"children":8949},[8950,8952],{"id":7993,"depth":111,"text":8951},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8033,"depth":111,"text":8953},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8150,"depth":89,"text":8151},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":8956},[8957,8959,8960,8961],{"id":8318,"depth":111,"text":8958},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8415,"depth":111,"text":8416},{"id":8540,"depth":111,"text":8541},{"id":8647,"depth":111,"text":8962},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8739,"depth":89,"text":8740},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":8965},[8966,8967,8968,8969,8970],{"id":8854,"depth":111,"text":8855},{"id":8865,"depth":111,"text":8866},{"id":8873,"depth":111,"text":8874},{"id":8882,"depth":111,"text":8883},{"id":8891,"depth":111,"text":8892},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6844,"description":8972},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8979,"title":8980,"body":8981,"description":11172,"extension":1841,"meta":11173,"navigation":301,"path":11174,"seo":11175,"stem":11176,"__hash__":11177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8982,"toc":11134},[8983,8989,8995,9002,9007,9018,9025,9132,9136,9205,9210,9215,9220,9223,9234,9239,9242,9253,9260,9262,9267,9271,9296,9300,9309,9313,9376,9380,9413,9417,9462,9466,9503,9507,9510,9566,9570,9615,9618,9623,9662,9666,9689,9692,9706,9719,9723,9728,9795,9799,9835,9838,9846,9849,9913,9917,9949,9955,9957,10017,10024,10027,10105,10109,10142,10146,10149,10193,10197,10233,10236,10253,10256,10259,10312,10315,10326,10333,10342,10345,10402,10406,10447,10455,10463,10469,10477,10489,10494,10505,10578,10581,10593,10609,10613,10618,10622,10624,10667,10673,10675,10738,10742,10745,10754,10759,10796,10800,10803,10811,10814,10853,10857,10860,10911,10915,10936,10943,10945,10951,10978,10981,11036,11039,11050,11052,11059,11067,11073,11078,11085,11088,11095,11102,11104,11131],[10,8984,3457,8986,3461],{"id":8985},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,8987,8988],{},"dict()",[14,8990,8991,8992,8994],{},"The built-in ",[18,8993,8988],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8996,8997,8998,9001],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[23,8999,9000],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9003,9004,9006],{},[18,9005,8988],{}," is commonly used to:",[140,9008,9009,9012,9015],{},[143,9010,9011],{},"create an empty dictionary",[143,9013,9014],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[143,9016,9017],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9019,9020,9021,95],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[183,9022,9024],{"href":9023},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[44,9026,9028],{"className":46,"code":9027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9029,9030,9064,9074,9078,9117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9031,9032,9034,9036,9039,9041,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9057,9059,9062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9033,1692],{"class":59},[53,9035,64],{"class":63},[53,9037,9038],{"class":2782}," dict",[53,9040,102],{"class":67},[53,9042,592],{"class":9043},"s99_P",[53,9045,64],{"class":63},[53,9047,341],{"class":252},[53,9049,4878],{"class":256},[53,9051,341],{"class":252},[53,9053,75],{"class":67},[53,9055,9056],{"class":9043}," age",[53,9058,64],{"class":63},[53,9060,9061],{"class":71},"25",[53,9063,108],{"class":67},[53,9065,9066,9068,9070,9072],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9067,115],{"class":114},[53,9069,102],{"class":67},[53,9071,1709],{"class":98},[53,9073,108],{"class":67},[53,9075,9076],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,9077,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,9079,9080,9083,9085,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9101,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,9081,9082],{"class":59},"pairs ",[53,9084,64],{"class":63},[53,9086,9087],{"class":67}," [(",[53,9089,341],{"class":252},[53,9091,183],{"class":256},[53,9093,341],{"class":252},[53,9095,75],{"class":67},[53,9097,5371],{"class":71},[53,9099,9100],{"class":67},"),",[53,9102,9103],{"class":67}," (",[53,9105,341],{"class":252},[53,9107,1453],{"class":256},[53,9109,341],{"class":252},[53,9111,75],{"class":67},[53,9113,78],{"class":71},[53,9115,9116],{"class":67},")]\n",[53,9118,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9130],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,9120,115],{"class":114},[53,9122,102],{"class":67},[53,9124,8689],{"class":2782},[53,9126,102],{"class":67},[53,9128,9129],{"class":98},"pairs",[53,9131,1907],{"class":67},[14,9133,9134],{},[23,9135,328],{},[44,9137,9139],{"className":46,"code":9138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9140,9141,9177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9142,9143,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9167,9169,9171,9174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9144,9145],{"class":67},"{",[53,9147,341],{"class":252},[53,9149,592],{"class":256},[53,9151,341],{"class":252},[53,9153,597],{"class":67},[53,9155,350],{"class":252},[53,9157,4878],{"class":256},[53,9159,341],{"class":252},[53,9161,75],{"class":67},[53,9163,350],{"class":252},[53,9165,9166],{"class":256},"age",[53,9168,341],{"class":252},[53,9170,597],{"class":67},[53,9172,9173],{"class":71}," 25",[53,9175,9176],{"class":67},"}\n",[53,9178,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9180,9145],{"class":67},[53,9182,341],{"class":252},[53,9184,183],{"class":256},[53,9186,341],{"class":252},[53,9188,597],{"class":67},[53,9190,5371],{"class":71},[53,9192,75],{"class":67},[53,9194,350],{"class":252},[53,9196,1453],{"class":256},[53,9198,341],{"class":252},[53,9200,597],{"class":67},[53,9202,78],{"class":71},[53,9204,9176],{"class":67},[14,9206,131,9207,9209],{},[18,9208,8988],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[39,9211,3556,9213,3559],{"id":9212},"what-dict-does",[18,9214,8988],{},[14,9216,9217,9219],{},[18,9218,8988],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9221,9222],{},"A dictionary:",[140,9224,9225,9228,9231],{},[143,9226,9227],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[143,9229,9230],{},"lets you look up values by key",[143,9232,9233],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9235,9236,9238],{},[18,9237,8988],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9240,9241],{},"Common uses include:",[140,9243,9244,9247,9250],{},[143,9245,9246],{},"making an empty dictionary",[143,9248,9249],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[143,9251,9252],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9254,9255,9256,95],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[183,9257,9259],{"href":9258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[39,9261,2039],{"id":2038},[14,9263,9264,9266],{},[18,9265,8988],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[830,9268,9270],{"id":9269},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[44,9272,9274],{"className":46,"code":9273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9275,9276,9286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9277,9278,9280,9282,9284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9279,1692],{"class":59},[53,9281,64],{"class":63},[53,9283,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9285,8510],{"class":67},[53,9287,9288,9290,9292,9294],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9289,115],{"class":114},[53,9291,102],{"class":67},[53,9293,1709],{"class":98},[53,9295,108],{"class":67},[14,9297,9298],{},[23,9299,328],{},[44,9301,9303],{"className":46,"code":9302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n",[18,9304,9305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9306,9307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9308,9302],{"class":67},[830,9310,9312],{"id":9311},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[44,9314,9316],{"className":46,"code":9315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9317,9318,9352,9366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9319,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9321,9082],{"class":59},[53,9323,64],{"class":63},[53,9325,9087],{"class":67},[53,9327,341],{"class":252},[53,9329,183],{"class":256},[53,9331,341],{"class":252},[53,9333,75],{"class":67},[53,9335,5371],{"class":71},[53,9337,9100],{"class":67},[53,9339,9103],{"class":67},[53,9341,341],{"class":252},[53,9343,1453],{"class":256},[53,9345,341],{"class":252},[53,9347,75],{"class":67},[53,9349,78],{"class":71},[53,9351,9116],{"class":67},[53,9353,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9364],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9355,1692],{"class":59},[53,9357,64],{"class":63},[53,9359,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9361,102],{"class":67},[53,9363,9129],{"class":98},[53,9365,108],{"class":67},[53,9367,9368,9370,9372,9374],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,9369,115],{"class":114},[53,9371,102],{"class":67},[53,9373,1709],{"class":98},[53,9375,108],{"class":67},[14,9377,9378],{},[23,9379,328],{},[44,9381,9383],{"className":46,"code":9382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9384,9385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9386,9387,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9388,9145],{"class":67},[53,9390,341],{"class":252},[53,9392,183],{"class":256},[53,9394,341],{"class":252},[53,9396,597],{"class":67},[53,9398,5371],{"class":71},[53,9400,75],{"class":67},[53,9402,350],{"class":252},[53,9404,1453],{"class":256},[53,9406,341],{"class":252},[53,9408,597],{"class":67},[53,9410,78],{"class":71},[53,9412,9176],{"class":67},[830,9414,9416],{"id":9415},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[44,9418,9420],{"className":46,"code":9419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9421,9422,9452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9423,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9425,1692],{"class":59},[53,9427,64],{"class":63},[53,9429,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9431,102],{"class":67},[53,9433,592],{"class":9043},[53,9435,64],{"class":63},[53,9437,341],{"class":252},[53,9439,4878],{"class":256},[53,9441,341],{"class":252},[53,9443,75],{"class":67},[53,9445,9056],{"class":9043},[53,9447,64],{"class":63},[53,9449,9061],{"class":71},[53,9451,108],{"class":67},[53,9453,9454,9456,9458,9460],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9455,115],{"class":114},[53,9457,102],{"class":67},[53,9459,1709],{"class":98},[53,9461,108],{"class":67},[14,9463,9464],{},[23,9465,328],{},[44,9467,9469],{"className":46,"code":9468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9470,9471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9472,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9474,9145],{"class":67},[53,9476,341],{"class":252},[53,9478,592],{"class":256},[53,9480,341],{"class":252},[53,9482,597],{"class":67},[53,9484,350],{"class":252},[53,9486,4878],{"class":256},[53,9488,341],{"class":252},[53,9490,75],{"class":67},[53,9492,350],{"class":252},[53,9494,9166],{"class":256},[53,9496,341],{"class":252},[53,9498,597],{"class":67},[53,9500,9173],{"class":71},[53,9502,9176],{"class":67},[830,9504,9506],{"id":9505},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9508,9509],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[44,9511,9513],{"className":46,"code":9512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9514,9515,9556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9516,9517,9519,9521,9523,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9550,9552,9554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9518,1692],{"class":59},[53,9520,64],{"class":63},[53,9522,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9524,9525],{"class":67},"([(",[53,9527,341],{"class":252},[53,9529,183],{"class":256},[53,9531,341],{"class":252},[53,9533,75],{"class":67},[53,9535,5371],{"class":71},[53,9537,9538],{"class":67},")],",[53,9540,2437],{"class":9043},[53,9542,64],{"class":63},[53,9544,1937],{"class":71},[53,9546,75],{"class":67},[53,9548,9549],{"class":9043}," c",[53,9551,64],{"class":63},[53,9553,754],{"class":71},[53,9555,108],{"class":67},[53,9557,9558,9560,9562,9564],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9559,115],{"class":114},[53,9561,102],{"class":67},[53,9563,1709],{"class":98},[53,9565,108],{"class":67},[14,9567,9568],{},[23,9569,328],{},[44,9571,9573],{"className":46,"code":9572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9574,9575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9576,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9578,9145],{"class":67},[53,9580,341],{"class":252},[53,9582,183],{"class":256},[53,9584,341],{"class":252},[53,9586,597],{"class":67},[53,9588,5371],{"class":71},[53,9590,75],{"class":67},[53,9592,350],{"class":252},[53,9594,1453],{"class":256},[53,9596,341],{"class":252},[53,9598,597],{"class":67},[53,9600,78],{"class":71},[53,9602,75],{"class":67},[53,9604,350],{"class":252},[53,9606,1428],{"class":256},[53,9608,341],{"class":252},[53,9610,597],{"class":67},[53,9612,83],{"class":71},[53,9614,9176],{"class":67},[39,9616,9270],{"id":9617},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9619,131,9620,9622],{},[18,9621,8988],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[44,9624,9626],{"className":46,"code":9625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9627,9628,9638,9652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9629,9630,9632,9634,9636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9631,1692],{"class":59},[53,9633,64],{"class":63},[53,9635,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9637,8510],{"class":67},[53,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9641,115],{"class":114},[53,9643,102],{"class":67},[53,9645,3102],{"class":2782},[53,9647,102],{"class":67},[53,9649,1709],{"class":98},[53,9651,1907],{"class":67},[53,9653,9654,9656,9658,9660],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,9655,115],{"class":114},[53,9657,102],{"class":67},[53,9659,1709],{"class":98},[53,9661,108],{"class":67},[14,9663,9664],{},[23,9665,328],{},[44,9667,9669],{"className":46,"code":9668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9670,9671,9685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9672,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9674,3171],{"class":63},[53,9676,3174],{"class":1945},[53,9678,350],{"class":252},[53,9680,8689],{"class":256},[53,9682,341],{"class":252},[53,9684,3183],{"class":63},[53,9686,9687],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9688,9302],{"class":67},[14,9690,9691],{},"This gives the same result as:",[44,9693,9695],{"className":46,"code":9694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n",[18,9696,9697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9698,9699,9701,9703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9700,1692],{"class":59},[53,9702,64],{"class":63},[53,9704,9705],{"class":67}," {}\n",[14,9707,9708,9709,9711,9712,9715,9716,9718],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9710,3671],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9713,9714],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9717,8988],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[39,9720,9722],{"id":9721},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9724,9725,9726,95],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9727,8988],{},[44,9729,9731],{"className":46,"code":9730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9732,9733,9771,9785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9734,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9736,9082],{"class":59},[53,9738,64],{"class":63},[53,9740,9087],{"class":67},[53,9742,341],{"class":252},[53,9744,592],{"class":256},[53,9746,341],{"class":252},[53,9748,75],{"class":67},[53,9750,350],{"class":252},[53,9752,4878],{"class":256},[53,9754,341],{"class":252},[53,9756,9100],{"class":67},[53,9758,9103],{"class":67},[53,9760,341],{"class":252},[53,9762,9166],{"class":256},[53,9764,341],{"class":252},[53,9766,75],{"class":67},[53,9768,9173],{"class":71},[53,9770,9116],{"class":67},[53,9772,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9774,1692],{"class":59},[53,9776,64],{"class":63},[53,9778,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9780,102],{"class":67},[53,9782,9129],{"class":98},[53,9784,108],{"class":67},[53,9786,9787,9789,9791,9793],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,9788,115],{"class":114},[53,9790,102],{"class":67},[53,9792,1709],{"class":98},[53,9794,108],{"class":67},[14,9796,9797],{},[23,9798,328],{},[44,9800,9801],{"className":46,"code":9468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,9802,9803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9804,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9806,9145],{"class":67},[53,9808,341],{"class":252},[53,9810,592],{"class":256},[53,9812,341],{"class":252},[53,9814,597],{"class":67},[53,9816,350],{"class":252},[53,9818,4878],{"class":256},[53,9820,341],{"class":252},[53,9822,75],{"class":67},[53,9824,350],{"class":252},[53,9826,9166],{"class":256},[53,9828,341],{"class":252},[53,9830,597],{"class":67},[53,9832,9173],{"class":71},[53,9834,9176],{"class":67},[14,9836,9837],{},"Each pair becomes:",[140,9839,9840,9843],{},[143,9841,9842],{},"the first item as the key",[143,9844,9845],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9847,9848],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[44,9850,9852],{"className":46,"code":9851,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9853,9854,9889,9903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9855,9856,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9857,9082],{"class":59},[53,9859,64],{"class":63},[53,9861,9862],{"class":67}," ((",[53,9864,341],{"class":252},[53,9866,183],{"class":256},[53,9868,341],{"class":252},[53,9870,75],{"class":67},[53,9872,5371],{"class":71},[53,9874,9100],{"class":67},[53,9876,9103],{"class":67},[53,9878,341],{"class":252},[53,9880,1453],{"class":256},[53,9882,341],{"class":252},[53,9884,75],{"class":67},[53,9886,78],{"class":71},[53,9888,1907],{"class":67},[53,9890,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,9892,1692],{"class":59},[53,9894,64],{"class":63},[53,9896,9038],{"class":2782},[53,9898,102],{"class":67},[53,9900,9129],{"class":98},[53,9902,108],{"class":67},[53,9904,9905,9907,9909,9911],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,9906,115],{"class":114},[53,9908,102],{"class":67},[53,9910,1709],{"class":98},[53,9912,108],{"class":67},[14,9914,9915],{},[23,9916,328],{},[44,9918,9919],{"className":46,"code":9382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,9920,9921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9922,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9924,9145],{"class":67},[53,9926,341],{"class":252},[53,9928,183],{"class":256},[53,9930,341],{"class":252},[53,9932,597],{"class":67},[53,9934,5371],{"class":71},[53,9936,75],{"class":67},[53,9938,350],{"class":252},[53,9940,1453],{"class":256},[53,9942,341],{"class":252},[53,9944,597],{"class":67},[53,9946,78],{"class":71},[53,9948,9176],{"class":67},[14,9950,9951,9952,95],{},"Each item must contain ",[23,9953,9954],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9956,2716],{},[44,9958,9960],{"className":46,"code":9959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,9961,9962,10002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9963,9964,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9965,9966],{"class":59},"bad_data ",[53,9968,64],{"class":63},[53,9970,9087],{"class":67},[53,9972,341],{"class":252},[53,9974,183],{"class":256},[53,9976,341],{"class":252},[53,9978,75],{"class":67},[53,9980,5371],{"class":71},[53,9982,75],{"class":67},[53,9984,9985],{"class":71}," 100",[53,9987,9100],{"class":67},[53,9989,9103],{"class":67},[53,9991,341],{"class":252},[53,9993,1453],{"class":256},[53,9995,341],{"class":252},[53,9997,75],{"class":67},[53,9999,78],{"class":71},[53,10001,9116],{"class":67},[53,10003,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10015],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10005,276],{"class":59},[53,10007,64],{"class":63},[53,10009,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10011,102],{"class":67},[53,10013,10014],{"class":98},"bad_data",[53,10016,108],{"class":67},[14,10018,10019,10020,10023],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10021,10022],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10025,10026],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[44,10028,10030],{"className":46,"code":10029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10031,10032,10081,10095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10033,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10035,9082],{"class":59},[53,10037,64],{"class":63},[53,10039,9087],{"class":67},[53,10041,341],{"class":252},[53,10043,183],{"class":256},[53,10045,341],{"class":252},[53,10047,75],{"class":67},[53,10049,5371],{"class":71},[53,10051,9100],{"class":67},[53,10053,9103],{"class":67},[53,10055,341],{"class":252},[53,10057,183],{"class":256},[53,10059,341],{"class":252},[53,10061,75],{"class":67},[53,10063,10064],{"class":71}," 99",[53,10066,9100],{"class":67},[53,10068,9103],{"class":67},[53,10070,341],{"class":252},[53,10072,1453],{"class":256},[53,10074,341],{"class":252},[53,10076,75],{"class":67},[53,10078,78],{"class":71},[53,10080,9116],{"class":67},[53,10082,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10084,1692],{"class":59},[53,10086,64],{"class":63},[53,10088,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10090,102],{"class":67},[53,10092,9129],{"class":98},[53,10094,108],{"class":67},[53,10096,10097,10099,10101,10103],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,10098,115],{"class":114},[53,10100,102],{"class":67},[53,10102,1709],{"class":98},[53,10104,108],{"class":67},[14,10106,10107],{},[23,10108,328],{},[44,10110,10112],{"className":46,"code":10111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10113,10114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10115,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10117,9145],{"class":67},[53,10119,341],{"class":252},[53,10121,183],{"class":256},[53,10123,341],{"class":252},[53,10125,597],{"class":67},[53,10127,10064],{"class":71},[53,10129,75],{"class":67},[53,10131,350],{"class":252},[53,10133,1453],{"class":256},[53,10135,341],{"class":252},[53,10137,597],{"class":67},[53,10139,78],{"class":71},[53,10141,9176],{"class":67},[39,10143,10145],{"id":10144},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10147,10148],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[44,10150,10151],{"className":46,"code":9419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,10152,10153,10183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10154,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10156,1692],{"class":59},[53,10158,64],{"class":63},[53,10160,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10162,102],{"class":67},[53,10164,592],{"class":9043},[53,10166,64],{"class":63},[53,10168,341],{"class":252},[53,10170,4878],{"class":256},[53,10172,341],{"class":252},[53,10174,75],{"class":67},[53,10176,9056],{"class":9043},[53,10178,64],{"class":63},[53,10180,9061],{"class":71},[53,10182,108],{"class":67},[53,10184,10185,10187,10189,10191],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10186,115],{"class":114},[53,10188,102],{"class":67},[53,10190,1709],{"class":98},[53,10192,108],{"class":67},[14,10194,10195],{},[23,10196,328],{},[44,10198,10199],{"className":46,"code":9468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,10200,10201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10202,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10204,9145],{"class":67},[53,10206,341],{"class":252},[53,10208,592],{"class":256},[53,10210,341],{"class":252},[53,10212,597],{"class":67},[53,10214,350],{"class":252},[53,10216,4878],{"class":256},[53,10218,341],{"class":252},[53,10220,75],{"class":67},[53,10222,350],{"class":252},[53,10224,9166],{"class":256},[53,10226,341],{"class":252},[53,10228,597],{"class":67},[53,10230,9173],{"class":71},[53,10232,9176],{"class":67},[14,10234,10235],{},"In this form:",[140,10237,10238,10246],{},[143,10239,10240,10242,10243],{},[18,10241,592],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10244,10245],{},"'name'",[143,10247,10248,10242,10250],{},[18,10249,9166],{},[18,10251,10252],{},"'age'",[14,10254,10255],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10257,10258],{},"Valid examples:",[44,10260,10262],{"className":46,"code":10261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10263,10264,10302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10265,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10277,10279,10281,10284,10286,10288,10291,10293,10295,10298,10300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10267,1692],{"class":59},[53,10269,64],{"class":63},[53,10271,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10273,102],{"class":67},[53,10275,10276],{"class":9043},"city",[53,10278,64],{"class":63},[53,10280,341],{"class":252},[53,10282,10283],{"class":256},"Paris",[53,10285,341],{"class":252},[53,10287,75],{"class":67},[53,10289,10290],{"class":9043}," country",[53,10292,64],{"class":63},[53,10294,341],{"class":252},[53,10296,10297],{"class":256},"France",[53,10299,341],{"class":252},[53,10301,108],{"class":67},[53,10303,10304,10306,10308,10310],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10305,115],{"class":114},[53,10307,102],{"class":67},[53,10309,1709],{"class":98},[53,10311,108],{"class":67},[14,10313,10314],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[140,10316,10317,10320,10323],{},[143,10318,10319],{},"spaces",[143,10321,10322],{},"hyphens",[143,10324,10325],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10327,10328,10329,10332],{},"For example, this is ",[23,10330,10331],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[44,10334,10336],{"className":46,"code":10335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10337,10338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10339,10340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10341,10335],{"class":127},[14,10343,10344],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10346,10348],{"className":46,"code":10347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10349,10350,10392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10351,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10353,1692],{"class":59},[53,10355,64],{"class":63},[53,10357,679],{"class":67},[53,10359,341],{"class":252},[53,10361,10362],{"class":256},"first-name",[53,10364,341],{"class":252},[53,10366,597],{"class":67},[53,10368,350],{"class":252},[53,10370,602],{"class":256},[53,10372,341],{"class":252},[53,10374,75],{"class":67},[53,10376,350],{"class":252},[53,10378,10379],{"class":256},"first name",[53,10381,341],{"class":252},[53,10383,597],{"class":67},[53,10385,350],{"class":252},[53,10387,602],{"class":256},[53,10389,341],{"class":252},[53,10391,9176],{"class":67},[53,10393,10394,10396,10398,10400],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10395,115],{"class":114},[53,10397,102],{"class":67},[53,10399,1709],{"class":98},[53,10401,108],{"class":67},[14,10403,10404],{},[23,10405,328],{},[44,10407,10409],{"className":46,"code":10408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10410,10411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10412,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10414,9145],{"class":67},[53,10416,341],{"class":252},[53,10418,10362],{"class":256},[53,10420,341],{"class":252},[53,10422,597],{"class":67},[53,10424,350],{"class":252},[53,10426,602],{"class":256},[53,10428,341],{"class":252},[53,10430,75],{"class":67},[53,10432,350],{"class":252},[53,10434,10379],{"class":256},[53,10436,341],{"class":252},[53,10438,597],{"class":67},[53,10440,350],{"class":252},[53,10442,602],{"class":256},[53,10444,341],{"class":252},[53,10446,9176],{"class":67},[39,10448,10450,10452,10453],{"id":10449},"dict-vs",[18,10451,8988],{}," vs ",[18,10454,3671],{},[14,10456,10457,10458,4269,10460,10462],{},"Both ",[18,10459,8988],{},[18,10461,3671],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[830,10464,131,10466,10468],{"id":10465},"use-when",[18,10467,3671],{}," when:",[140,10470,10471,10474],{},[143,10472,10473],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[143,10475,10476],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[44,10478,10479],{"className":46,"code":9694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,10480,10481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10482,10483,10485,10487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10484,1692],{"class":59},[53,10486,64],{"class":63},[53,10488,9705],{"class":67},[830,10490,131,10492,10468],{"id":10491},"use-dict-when",[18,10493,8988],{},[140,10495,10496,10499,10502],{},[143,10497,10498],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[143,10500,10501],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[143,10503,10504],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[44,10506,10508],{"className":46,"code":10507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10509,10510,10547],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10511,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10513,1692],{"class":59},[53,10515,64],{"class":63},[53,10517,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10519,9525],{"class":67},[53,10521,341],{"class":252},[53,10523,183],{"class":256},[53,10525,341],{"class":252},[53,10527,75],{"class":67},[53,10529,5371],{"class":71},[53,10531,9100],{"class":67},[53,10533,9103],{"class":67},[53,10535,341],{"class":252},[53,10537,1453],{"class":256},[53,10539,341],{"class":252},[53,10541,75],{"class":67},[53,10543,78],{"class":71},[53,10545,10546],{"class":67},")])\n",[53,10548,10549,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10550,10551],{"class":59},"info ",[53,10553,64],{"class":63},[53,10555,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10557,102],{"class":67},[53,10559,592],{"class":9043},[53,10561,64],{"class":63},[53,10563,341],{"class":252},[53,10565,4878],{"class":256},[53,10567,341],{"class":252},[53,10569,75],{"class":67},[53,10571,9056],{"class":9043},[53,10573,64],{"class":63},[53,10575,9061],{"class":71},[53,10577,108],{"class":67},[14,10579,10580],{},"So:",[140,10582,10583,10588],{},[143,10584,10585,10587],{},[18,10586,3671],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[143,10589,10590,10592],{},[18,10591,8988],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10594,10595,10596,10600,10601,95],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[183,10597,10599],{"href":10598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[183,10602,10604,10605,10608],{"href":10603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10606,10607],{},"get()"," method",[39,10610,10612],{"id":10611},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10614,10615,10616,95],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10617,8988],{},[830,10619,10621],{"id":10620},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10623,4400],{},[44,10625,10627],{"className":46,"code":10626,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10628,10629,10653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10630,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10632,516],{"class":59},[53,10634,64],{"class":63},[53,10636,68],{"class":67},[53,10638,341],{"class":252},[53,10640,183],{"class":256},[53,10642,341],{"class":252},[53,10644,75],{"class":67},[53,10646,350],{"class":252},[53,10648,1453],{"class":256},[53,10650,341],{"class":252},[53,10652,86],{"class":67},[53,10654,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10656,1692],{"class":59},[53,10658,64],{"class":63},[53,10660,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10662,102],{"class":67},[53,10664,530],{"class":98},[53,10666,108],{"class":67},[14,10668,10669,10670,95],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10671,10672],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10674,1143],{},[44,10676,10678],{"className":46,"code":10677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10679,10680,10714,10728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10681,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10683,516],{"class":59},[53,10685,64],{"class":63},[53,10687,9087],{"class":67},[53,10689,341],{"class":252},[53,10691,183],{"class":256},[53,10693,341],{"class":252},[53,10695,75],{"class":67},[53,10697,5371],{"class":71},[53,10699,9100],{"class":67},[53,10701,9103],{"class":67},[53,10703,341],{"class":252},[53,10705,1453],{"class":256},[53,10707,341],{"class":252},[53,10709,75],{"class":67},[53,10711,78],{"class":71},[53,10713,9116],{"class":67},[53,10715,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10717,1692],{"class":59},[53,10719,64],{"class":63},[53,10721,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10723,102],{"class":67},[53,10725,530],{"class":98},[53,10727,108],{"class":67},[53,10729,10730,10732,10734,10736],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,10731,115],{"class":114},[53,10733,102],{"class":67},[53,10735,1709],{"class":98},[53,10737,108],{"class":67},[830,10739,10741],{"id":10740},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10743,10744],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[44,10746,10748],{"className":46,"code":10747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10749,10750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10751,10752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10753,10747],{"class":127},[14,10755,10756,10757,597],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10758,64],{},[44,10760,10762],{"className":46,"code":10761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10763,10764,10786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10765,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10767,1692],{"class":59},[53,10769,64],{"class":63},[53,10771,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10773,102],{"class":67},[53,10775,592],{"class":9043},[53,10777,64],{"class":63},[53,10779,341],{"class":252},[53,10781,4878],{"class":256},[53,10783,341],{"class":252},[53,10785,108],{"class":67},[53,10787,10788,10790,10792,10794],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10789,115],{"class":114},[53,10791,102],{"class":67},[53,10793,1709],{"class":98},[53,10795,108],{"class":67},[830,10797,10799],{"id":10798},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10801,10802],{},"This will not work:",[44,10804,10805],{"className":46,"code":10335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,10806,10807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10808,10809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10810,10335],{"class":127},[14,10812,10813],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10815,10817],{"className":46,"code":10816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10818,10819,10843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10820,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10822,1692],{"class":59},[53,10824,64],{"class":63},[53,10826,679],{"class":67},[53,10828,341],{"class":252},[53,10830,10362],{"class":256},[53,10832,341],{"class":252},[53,10834,597],{"class":67},[53,10836,350],{"class":252},[53,10838,602],{"class":256},[53,10840,341],{"class":252},[53,10842,9176],{"class":67},[53,10844,10845,10847,10849,10851],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10846,115],{"class":114},[53,10848,102],{"class":67},[53,10850,1709],{"class":98},[53,10852,108],{"class":67},[830,10854,10856],{"id":10855},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10858,10859],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[44,10861,10863],{"className":46,"code":10862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,10864,10865,10901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10866,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10868,1692],{"class":59},[53,10870,64],{"class":63},[53,10872,9038],{"class":2782},[53,10874,9525],{"class":67},[53,10876,341],{"class":252},[53,10878,2056],{"class":256},[53,10880,341],{"class":252},[53,10882,75],{"class":67},[53,10884,5371],{"class":71},[53,10886,9100],{"class":67},[53,10888,9103],{"class":67},[53,10890,341],{"class":252},[53,10892,2056],{"class":256},[53,10894,341],{"class":252},[53,10896,75],{"class":67},[53,10898,78],{"class":71},[53,10900,10546],{"class":67},[53,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,10904,115],{"class":114},[53,10906,102],{"class":67},[53,10908,1709],{"class":98},[53,10910,108],{"class":67},[14,10912,10913],{},[23,10914,328],{},[44,10916,10918],{"className":46,"code":10917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,10919,10920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10921,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10923,9145],{"class":67},[53,10925,341],{"class":252},[53,10927,2056],{"class":256},[53,10929,341],{"class":252},[53,10931,597],{"class":67},[53,10933,78],{"class":71},[53,10935,9176],{"class":67},[14,10937,10938,10939,95],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[183,10940,10942],{"href":10941},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[39,10944,2709],{"id":2708},[14,10946,10947,10948,10950],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,10949,8988],{}," include:",[140,10952,10953,10963,10969,10972],{},[143,10954,10955,10956,10959,10960],{},"passing a list like ",[18,10957,10958],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,10961,10962],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[143,10964,10965,10966],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,10967,10968],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[143,10970,10971],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[143,10973,10974,10975,10977],{},"confusing ",[18,10976,8988],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10979,10980],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,10982,10984],{"className":46,"code":10983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,10985,10986,11000,11010,11021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10987,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10989,115],{"class":114},[53,10991,102],{"class":67},[53,10993,3102],{"class":2782},[53,10995,102],{"class":67},[53,10997,1709],{"class":98},[53,10999,1907],{"class":67},[53,11001,11002,11004,11006,11008],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11003,115],{"class":114},[53,11005,102],{"class":67},[53,11007,1709],{"class":98},[53,11009,108],{"class":67},[53,11011,11012,11014,11016,11019],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11013,115],{"class":114},[53,11015,102],{"class":67},[53,11017,11018],{"class":98},"list_of_pairs",[53,11020,108],{"class":67},[53,11022,11023,11025,11027,11030,11032,11034],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11024,115],{"class":114},[53,11026,102],{"class":67},[53,11028,11029],{"class":114},"len",[53,11031,102],{"class":67},[53,11033,11018],{"class":98},[53,11035,1907],{"class":67},[14,11037,11038],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[140,11040,11041,11044,11047],{},[143,11042,11043],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[143,11045,11046],{},"what data is being passed in",[143,11048,11049],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[39,11051,1650],{"id":1649},[830,11053,5055,11055,4269,11057,2370],{"id":11054},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11056,8988],{},[18,11058,3671],{},[14,11060,11061,11063,11064,11066],{},[18,11062,3671],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11065,8988],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[830,11068,5045,11070,11072],{"id":11069},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11071,8988],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11074,11075,11076,95],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11077,10962],{},[830,11079,5033,11081,11084],{"id":11080},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11082,11083],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11086,11087],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[830,11089,11091,11092,11094],{"id":11090},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11093,8988],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11096,11097,11098,11101],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11099,11100],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[39,11103,1782],{"id":1781},[140,11105,11106,11111,11115,11120,11126],{},[143,11107,11108],{},[183,11109,11110],{"href":9258},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[143,11112,11113],{},[183,11114,9024],{"href":9023},[143,11116,11117],{},[183,11118,11119],{"href":10598},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[143,11121,11122],{},[183,11123,10604,11124,10608],{"href":10603},[18,11125,10607],{},[143,11127,11128],{},[183,11129,11130],{"href":10941},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1810,11132,11133],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":11135},[11136,11138,11144,11145,11146,11147,11154,11160,11161,11171],{"id":9212,"depth":89,"text":11137},"What dict() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":11139},[11140,11141,11142,11143],{"id":9269,"depth":111,"text":9270},{"id":9311,"depth":111,"text":9312},{"id":9415,"depth":111,"text":9416},{"id":9505,"depth":111,"text":9506},{"id":9617,"depth":89,"text":9270},{"id":9721,"depth":89,"text":9722},{"id":10144,"depth":89,"text":10145},{"id":10449,"depth":89,"text":11148,"children":11149},"dict() vs {}",[11150,11152],{"id":10465,"depth":111,"text":11151},"Use {} when:",{"id":10491,"depth":111,"text":11153},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10611,"depth":89,"text":10612,"children":11155},[11156,11157,11158,11159],{"id":10620,"depth":111,"text":10621},{"id":10740,"depth":111,"text":10741},{"id":10798,"depth":111,"text":10799},{"id":10855,"depth":111,"text":10856},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":11162},[11163,11165,11167,11169],{"id":11054,"depth":111,"text":11164},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11069,"depth":111,"text":11166},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11080,"depth":111,"text":11168},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11090,"depth":111,"text":11170},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8980,"description":11172},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11179,"title":11180,"body":11181,"description":12688,"extension":1841,"meta":12689,"navigation":301,"path":12690,"seo":12691,"stem":12692,"__hash__":12693},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11182,"toc":12657},[11183,11191,11197,11204,11206,11267,11272,11277,11282,11300,11303,11307,11309,11325,11328,11341,11343,11346,11480,11482,11549,11552,11568,11574,11580,11583,11665,11667,11680,11684,11690,11755,11757,11765,11767,11789,11795,11858,11864,11867,11881,11894,11898,11909,11914,11925,11932,11936,11942,12064,12066,12092,12095,12112,12115,12226,12228,12277,12279,12292,12301,12306,12311,12322,12324,12427,12450,12452,12456,12475,12478,12536,12539,12565,12567,12574,12577,12583,12587,12594,12602,12608,12611,12613,12654],[10,11184,11186,11187,11190],{"id":11185},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11188,11189],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11192,11193,11196],{},[18,11194,11195],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11198,11199,11200,11203],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[23,11201,11202],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[39,11205,1882],{"id":1881},[44,11207,11209],{"className":46,"code":11208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11210,11211,11243,11254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11212,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11214,1692],{"class":59},[53,11216,64],{"class":63},[53,11218,679],{"class":67},[53,11220,253],{"class":252},[53,11222,183],{"class":256},[53,11224,253],{"class":252},[53,11226,597],{"class":67},[53,11228,5371],{"class":71},[53,11230,75],{"class":67},[53,11232,264],{"class":252},[53,11234,1453],{"class":256},[53,11236,253],{"class":252},[53,11238,597],{"class":67},[53,11240,78],{"class":71},[53,11242,9176],{"class":67},[53,11244,11245,11247,11249,11252],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11246,1709],{"class":59},[53,11248,95],{"class":67},[53,11250,11251],{"class":98},"clear",[53,11253,8510],{"class":67},[53,11255,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11257,115],{"class":114},[53,11259,102],{"class":67},[53,11261,1709],{"class":98},[53,11263,3539],{"class":67},[53,11265,11266],{"class":127},"  # {}\n",[14,11268,11269,11271],{},[18,11270,11189],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[39,11273,3556,11275,3559],{"id":11274},"what-clear-does",[18,11276,11189],{},[14,11278,16,11279,11281],{},[18,11280,11189],{}," method:",[140,11283,11284,11287,11290,11295],{},[143,11285,11286],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[143,11288,11289],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[143,11291,11292,11293],{},"Returns ",[18,11294,232],{},[143,11296,11297,11298],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11299,3671],{},[14,11301,11302],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11304,9020,11305,95],{},[183,11306,9024],{"href":9023},[39,11308,2039],{"id":2038},[44,11310,11312],{"className":46,"code":11311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11313,11314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11315,11316,11319,11321,11323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11317,11318],{"class":59},"my_dict",[53,11320,95],{"class":67},[53,11322,11251],{"class":98},[53,11324,8510],{"class":67},[14,11326,11327],{},"Important points:",[140,11329,11330,11335,11338],{},[143,11331,11332,11334],{},[18,11333,11189],{}," takes no arguments",[143,11336,11337],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[143,11339,11340],{},"It empties that dictionary",[39,11342,385],{"id":384},[14,11344,11345],{},"Here is a basic example:",[44,11347,11349],{"className":46,"code":11348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11350,11351,11361,11382,11396,11413,11417,11421,11441,11445,11456,11460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11352,11353,11356,11358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11354,11355],{"class":59},"user ",[53,11357,64],{"class":63},[53,11359,11360],{"class":67}," {\n",[53,11362,11363,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11377,11379],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11364,11365],{"class":252},"    \"",[53,11367,592],{"class":256},[53,11369,253],{"class":252},[53,11371,597],{"class":67},[53,11373,264],{"class":252},[53,11375,11376],{"class":256},"Maya",[53,11378,253],{"class":252},[53,11380,11381],{"class":67},",\n",[53,11383,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11385,11365],{"class":252},[53,11387,9166],{"class":256},[53,11389,253],{"class":252},[53,11391,597],{"class":67},[53,11393,9173],{"class":71},[53,11395,11381],{"class":67},[53,11397,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11411],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11399,11365],{"class":252},[53,11401,10276],{"class":256},[53,11403,253],{"class":252},[53,11405,597],{"class":67},[53,11407,264],{"class":252},[53,11409,11410],{"class":256},"Berlin",[53,11412,3239],{"class":252},[53,11414,11415],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,11416,9176],{"class":67},[53,11418,11419],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,11420,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11422,11423,11425,11427,11429,11432,11434,11436,11439],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,11424,115],{"class":114},[53,11426,102],{"class":67},[53,11428,253],{"class":252},[53,11430,11431],{"class":256},"Before:",[53,11433,253],{"class":252},[53,11435,75],{"class":67},[53,11437,11438],{"class":98}," user",[53,11440,108],{"class":67},[53,11442,11443],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,11444,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11446,11447,11450,11452,11454],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,11448,11449],{"class":59},"user",[53,11451,95],{"class":67},[53,11453,11251],{"class":98},[53,11455,8510],{"class":67},[53,11457,11458],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,11459,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11472,11474,11476,11478],{"class":55,"line":11462},11,[53,11464,115],{"class":114},[53,11466,102],{"class":67},[53,11468,253],{"class":252},[53,11470,11471],{"class":256},"After:",[53,11473,253],{"class":252},[53,11475,75],{"class":67},[53,11477,11438],{"class":98},[53,11479,108],{"class":67},[14,11481,5432],{},[44,11483,11485],{"className":46,"code":11484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11486,11487,11540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11488,11489,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11490,11491],{"class":59},"Before",[53,11493,597],{"class":67},[53,11495,679],{"class":67},[53,11497,341],{"class":252},[53,11499,592],{"class":256},[53,11501,341],{"class":252},[53,11503,597],{"class":67},[53,11505,350],{"class":252},[53,11507,11376],{"class":256},[53,11509,341],{"class":252},[53,11511,75],{"class":67},[53,11513,350],{"class":252},[53,11515,9166],{"class":256},[53,11517,341],{"class":252},[53,11519,597],{"class":67},[53,11521,9173],{"class":71},[53,11523,75],{"class":67},[53,11525,350],{"class":252},[53,11527,10276],{"class":256},[53,11529,341],{"class":252},[53,11531,597],{"class":67},[53,11533,350],{"class":252},[53,11535,11410],{"class":256},[53,11537,341],{"class":252},[53,11539,9176],{"class":67},[53,11541,11542,11545,11547],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11543,11544],{"class":59},"After",[53,11546,597],{"class":67},[53,11548,9705],{"class":67},[14,11550,11551],{},"What happens here:",[140,11553,11554,11559,11565],{},[143,11555,11556,11558],{},[18,11557,11449],{}," starts with three items",[143,11560,11561,11564],{},[18,11562,11563],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[143,11566,11567],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[39,11569,3556,11571,11573],{"id":11570},"what-clear-returns",[18,11572,11189],{}," returns",[14,11575,11576,1129,11578,95],{},[18,11577,11189],{},[18,11579,232],{},[14,11581,11582],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,11584,11586],{"className":46,"code":11585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11587,11588,11622,11626,11641,11645,11655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11589,11590,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11614,11616,11618,11620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11591,11592],{"class":59},"my_dict ",[53,11594,64],{"class":63},[53,11596,679],{"class":67},[53,11598,253],{"class":252},[53,11600,2056],{"class":256},[53,11602,253],{"class":252},[53,11604,597],{"class":67},[53,11606,5371],{"class":71},[53,11608,75],{"class":67},[53,11610,264],{"class":252},[53,11612,11613],{"class":256},"y",[53,11615,253],{"class":252},[53,11617,597],{"class":67},[53,11619,78],{"class":71},[53,11621,9176],{"class":67},[53,11623,11624],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11625,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11627,11628,11630,11632,11635,11637,11639],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11629,276],{"class":59},[53,11631,64],{"class":63},[53,11633,11634],{"class":59}," my_dict",[53,11636,95],{"class":67},[53,11638,11251],{"class":98},[53,11640,8510],{"class":67},[53,11642,11643],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11644,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11646,11647,11649,11651,11653],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,11648,115],{"class":114},[53,11650,102],{"class":67},[53,11652,323],{"class":98},[53,11654,108],{"class":67},[53,11656,11657,11659,11661,11663],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,11658,115],{"class":114},[53,11660,102],{"class":67},[53,11662,11318],{"class":98},[53,11664,108],{"class":67},[14,11666,328],{},[44,11668,11670],{"className":46,"code":11669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{}\n",[18,11671,11672,11676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11673,11674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11675,370],{"class":369},[53,11677,11678],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11679,9302],{"class":67},[830,11681,11683],{"id":11682},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11685,11686,11687,11689],{},"Do ",[23,11688,36],{}," do this:",[44,11691,11693],{"className":46,"code":11692,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11694,11695,11727,11741,11745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11696,11697,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11698,11592],{"class":59},[53,11700,64],{"class":63},[53,11702,679],{"class":67},[53,11704,253],{"class":252},[53,11706,2056],{"class":256},[53,11708,253],{"class":252},[53,11710,597],{"class":67},[53,11712,5371],{"class":71},[53,11714,75],{"class":67},[53,11716,264],{"class":252},[53,11718,11613],{"class":256},[53,11720,253],{"class":252},[53,11722,597],{"class":67},[53,11724,78],{"class":71},[53,11726,9176],{"class":67},[53,11728,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11730,11592],{"class":59},[53,11732,64],{"class":63},[53,11734,11634],{"class":59},[53,11736,95],{"class":67},[53,11738,11251],{"class":98},[53,11740,8510],{"class":67},[53,11742,11743],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11744,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11746,11747,11749,11751,11753],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11748,115],{"class":114},[53,11750,102],{"class":67},[53,11752,11318],{"class":98},[53,11754,108],{"class":67},[14,11756,328],{},[44,11758,11759],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,11760,11761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11762,11763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11764,370],{"class":369},[14,11766,1117],{},[140,11768,11769,11775,11779],{},[143,11770,11771,11774],{},[18,11772,11773],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[143,11776,229,11777],{},[18,11778,232],{},[143,11780,11781,11782,11785,11786,11788],{},"Then ",[18,11783,11784],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11787,232],{}," in the variable",[14,11790,11791,11792,11794],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11793,11189],{}," by itself:",[44,11796,11798],{"className":46,"code":11797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11799,11800,11832,11842,11846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11801,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11803,11592],{"class":59},[53,11805,64],{"class":63},[53,11807,679],{"class":67},[53,11809,253],{"class":252},[53,11811,2056],{"class":256},[53,11813,253],{"class":252},[53,11815,597],{"class":67},[53,11817,5371],{"class":71},[53,11819,75],{"class":67},[53,11821,264],{"class":252},[53,11823,11613],{"class":256},[53,11825,253],{"class":252},[53,11827,597],{"class":67},[53,11829,78],{"class":71},[53,11831,9176],{"class":67},[53,11833,11834,11836,11838,11840],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11835,11318],{"class":59},[53,11837,95],{"class":67},[53,11839,11251],{"class":98},[53,11841,8510],{"class":67},[53,11843,11844],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11845,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11847,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11849,115],{"class":114},[53,11851,102],{"class":67},[53,11853,11318],{"class":98},[53,11855,3539],{"class":67},[53,11857,11266],{"class":127},[39,11859,11861,11863],{"id":11860},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,11862,11189],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11865,11866],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[44,11868,11869],{"className":46,"code":11311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,11870,11871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11874,11318],{"class":59},[53,11876,95],{"class":67},[53,11878,11251],{"class":98},[53,11880,8510],{"class":67},[44,11882,11884],{"className":46,"code":11883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,11885,11886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11887,11888,11890,11892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11889,11592],{"class":59},[53,11891,64],{"class":63},[53,11893,9705],{"class":67},[830,11895,11896],{"id":11251},[18,11897,11189],{},[140,11899,11900,11903,11906],{},[143,11901,11902],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[143,11904,11905],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[143,11907,11908],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[830,11910,11911],{"id":11318},[18,11912,11913],{},"my_dict = {}",[140,11915,11916,11919,11922],{},[143,11917,11918],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[143,11920,11921],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[143,11923,11924],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11926,11927,11928,95],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[183,11929,11931],{"href":11930},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[39,11933,11935],{"id":11934},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11937,11938,11939,11941],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,11940,11189],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[44,11943,11945],{"className":46,"code":11944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11946,11947,11980,11990,11994,12005,12009,12029,12049],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11948,11949,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11950,11951],{"class":59},"original ",[53,11953,64],{"class":63},[53,11955,679],{"class":67},[53,11957,253],{"class":252},[53,11959,183],{"class":256},[53,11961,253],{"class":252},[53,11963,597],{"class":67},[53,11965,5371],{"class":71},[53,11967,75],{"class":67},[53,11969,264],{"class":252},[53,11971,1453],{"class":256},[53,11973,253],{"class":252},[53,11975,597],{"class":67},[53,11977,78],{"class":71},[53,11979,9176],{"class":67},[53,11981,11982,11985,11987],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,11983,11984],{"class":59},"other_ref ",[53,11986,64],{"class":63},[53,11988,11989],{"class":59}," original\n",[53,11991,11992],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,11993,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,11995,11996,11999,12001,12003],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,11997,11998],{"class":59},"original",[53,12000,95],{"class":67},[53,12002,11251],{"class":98},[53,12004,8510],{"class":67},[53,12006,12007],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,12008,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017,12020,12022,12024,12027],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,12012,115],{"class":114},[53,12014,102],{"class":67},[53,12016,253],{"class":252},[53,12018,12019],{"class":256},"original:",[53,12021,253],{"class":252},[53,12023,75],{"class":67},[53,12025,12026],{"class":98}," original",[53,12028,108],{"class":67},[53,12030,12031,12033,12035,12037,12040,12042,12044,12047],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,12032,115],{"class":114},[53,12034,102],{"class":67},[53,12036,253],{"class":252},[53,12038,12039],{"class":256},"other_ref:",[53,12041,253],{"class":252},[53,12043,75],{"class":67},[53,12045,12046],{"class":98}," other_ref",[53,12048,108],{"class":67},[53,12050,12051,12053,12055,12057,12060,12062],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,12052,115],{"class":114},[53,12054,102],{"class":67},[53,12056,11951],{"class":98},[53,12058,12059],{"class":1558},"is",[53,12061,12046],{"class":98},[53,12063,108],{"class":67},[14,12065,328],{},[44,12067,12069],{"className":46,"code":12068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12070,12071,12079,12088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12072,12073,12075,12077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12074,11998],{"class":59},[53,12076,597],{"class":67},[53,12078,9705],{"class":67},[53,12080,12081,12084,12086],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12082,12083],{"class":59},"other_ref",[53,12085,597],{"class":67},[53,12087,9705],{"class":67},[53,12089,12090],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12091,3855],{"class":369},[14,12093,12094],{},"This shows:",[140,12096,12097,12104,12109],{},[143,12098,12099,4269,12101,12103],{},[18,12100,11998],{},[18,12102,12083],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[143,12105,12106,12108],{},[18,12107,11189],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[143,12110,12111],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12113,12114],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[44,12116,12118],{"className":46,"code":12117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12119,12120,12152,12160,12164,12172,12176,12194,12212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12121,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12123,11951],{"class":59},[53,12125,64],{"class":63},[53,12127,679],{"class":67},[53,12129,253],{"class":252},[53,12131,183],{"class":256},[53,12133,253],{"class":252},[53,12135,597],{"class":67},[53,12137,5371],{"class":71},[53,12139,75],{"class":67},[53,12141,264],{"class":252},[53,12143,1453],{"class":256},[53,12145,253],{"class":252},[53,12147,597],{"class":67},[53,12149,78],{"class":71},[53,12151,9176],{"class":67},[53,12153,12154,12156,12158],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12155,11984],{"class":59},[53,12157,64],{"class":63},[53,12159,11989],{"class":59},[53,12161,12162],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12163,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12165,12166,12168,12170],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,12167,11951],{"class":59},[53,12169,64],{"class":63},[53,12171,9705],{"class":67},[53,12173,12174],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,12175,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12177,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,12179,115],{"class":114},[53,12181,102],{"class":67},[53,12183,253],{"class":252},[53,12185,12019],{"class":256},[53,12187,253],{"class":252},[53,12189,75],{"class":67},[53,12191,12026],{"class":98},[53,12193,108],{"class":67},[53,12195,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,12197,115],{"class":114},[53,12199,102],{"class":67},[53,12201,253],{"class":252},[53,12203,12039],{"class":256},[53,12205,253],{"class":252},[53,12207,75],{"class":67},[53,12209,12046],{"class":98},[53,12211,108],{"class":67},[53,12213,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,12215,115],{"class":114},[53,12217,102],{"class":67},[53,12219,11951],{"class":98},[53,12221,12059],{"class":1558},[53,12223,12046],{"class":98},[53,12225,108],{"class":67},[14,12227,328],{},[44,12229,12231],{"className":46,"code":12230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12232,12233,12241,12273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12234,12235,12237,12239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12236,11998],{"class":59},[53,12238,597],{"class":67},[53,12240,9705],{"class":67},[53,12242,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12244,12083],{"class":59},[53,12246,597],{"class":67},[53,12248,679],{"class":67},[53,12250,341],{"class":252},[53,12252,183],{"class":256},[53,12254,341],{"class":252},[53,12256,597],{"class":67},[53,12258,5371],{"class":71},[53,12260,75],{"class":67},[53,12262,350],{"class":252},[53,12264,1453],{"class":256},[53,12266,341],{"class":252},[53,12268,597],{"class":67},[53,12270,78],{"class":71},[53,12272,9176],{"class":67},[53,12274,12275],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12276,3916],{"class":369},[14,12278,2061],{},[140,12280,12281,12287],{},[143,12282,12283,12286],{},[18,12284,12285],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[143,12288,12289,12291],{},[18,12290,12083],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12293,12294,12295,95],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[183,12296,12298],{"href":12297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12299,12300],{},"dict.copy()",[39,12302,4835,12304],{"id":12303},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12305,11189],{},[14,12307,12308,12310],{},[18,12309,11189],{}," is useful when you want to:",[140,12312,12313,12316,12319],{},[143,12314,12315],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[143,12317,12318],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[143,12320,12321],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12323,235],{},[44,12325,12327],{"className":46,"code":12326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12328,12329,12338,12354,12374,12387,12391,12395,12400,12411,12415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12330,12331,12334,12336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12332,12333],{"class":59},"session_data ",[53,12335,64],{"class":63},[53,12337,11360],{"class":67},[53,12339,12340,12342,12345,12347,12349,12352],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12341,11365],{"class":252},[53,12343,12344],{"class":256},"user_id",[53,12346,253],{"class":252},[53,12348,597],{"class":67},[53,12350,12351],{"class":71}," 101",[53,12353,11381],{"class":67},[53,12355,12356,12358,12361,12363,12365,12367,12370,12372],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12357,11365],{"class":252},[53,12359,12360],{"class":256},"theme",[53,12362,253],{"class":252},[53,12364,597],{"class":67},[53,12366,264],{"class":252},[53,12368,12369],{"class":256},"dark",[53,12371,253],{"class":252},[53,12373,11381],{"class":67},[53,12375,12376,12378,12381,12383,12385],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,12377,11365],{"class":252},[53,12379,12380],{"class":256},"logged_in",[53,12382,253],{"class":252},[53,12384,597],{"class":67},[53,12386,6294],{"class":369},[53,12388,12389],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,12390,9176],{"class":67},[53,12392,12393],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,12394,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12396,12397],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,12398,12399],{"class":127},"# Reset for a new session\n",[53,12401,12402,12405,12407,12409],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,12403,12404],{"class":59},"session_data",[53,12406,95],{"class":67},[53,12408,11251],{"class":98},[53,12410,8510],{"class":67},[53,12412,12413],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,12414,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12416,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,12418,115],{"class":114},[53,12420,102],{"class":67},[53,12422,12404],{"class":98},[53,12424,3539],{"class":67},[53,12426,11266],{"class":127},[14,12428,12429,12430,12436,12437,95,12441,12443,12444,95],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[183,12431,12433],{"href":12432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12434,12435],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[183,12438,12440],{"href":12439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9713,12442],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[183,12445,12447],{"href":12446},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12448,12449],{},"dict.popitem()",[39,12451,2709],{"id":2708},[14,12453,10615,12454,597],{},[18,12455,11189],{},[140,12457,12458,12464,12469,12472],{},[143,12459,12460,12461,12463],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12462,11189],{}," to a variable",[143,12465,8319,12466,12468],{},[18,12467,11189],{}," to return a new dictionary",[143,12470,12471],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[143,12473,12474],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12476,12477],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[44,12479,12481],{"className":46,"code":12480,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12482,12483,12493,12507,12522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12484,12485,12487,12489,12491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12486,115],{"class":114},[53,12488,102],{"class":67},[53,12490,11318],{"class":98},[53,12492,108],{"class":67},[53,12494,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12496,115],{"class":114},[53,12498,102],{"class":67},[53,12500,3102],{"class":2782},[53,12502,102],{"class":67},[53,12504,11318],{"class":98},[53,12506,1907],{"class":67},[53,12508,12509,12511,12513,12516,12518,12520],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12510,115],{"class":114},[53,12512,102],{"class":67},[53,12514,12515],{"class":114},"id",[53,12517,102],{"class":67},[53,12519,11318],{"class":98},[53,12521,1907],{"class":67},[53,12523,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,12525,115],{"class":114},[53,12527,102],{"class":67},[53,12529,11984],{"class":98},[53,12531,12059],{"class":1558},[53,12533,11634],{"class":98},[53,12535,108],{"class":67},[14,12537,12538],{},"What these show:",[140,12540,12541,12547,12553,12559],{},[143,12542,12543,12546],{},[18,12544,12545],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[143,12548,12549,12552],{},[18,12550,12551],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[143,12554,12555,12558],{},[18,12556,12557],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[143,12560,12561,12564],{},[18,12562,12563],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[39,12566,1650],{"id":1649},[830,12568,12570,12571,12573],{"id":12569},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12572,11189],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12575,12576],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[830,12578,5017,12580,12582],{"id":12579},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12581,11195],{}," return?",[14,12584,5023,12585,95],{},[18,12586,232],{},[830,12588,5055,12590,4269,12592,2370],{"id":12589},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12591,11189],{},[18,12593,3671],{},[14,12595,12596,12598,12599,12601],{},[18,12597,11189],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12600,3671],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[830,12603,12570,12605,12607],{"id":12604},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12606,11189],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12609,12610],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[39,12612,1782],{"id":1781},[140,12614,12615,12619,12623,12630,12637,12644,12649],{},[143,12616,12617],{},[183,12618,9024],{"href":9023},[143,12620,12621],{},[183,12622,11110],{"href":9258},[143,12624,12625],{},[183,12626,10604,12627,10608],{"href":12432},[18,12628,12629],{},"pop()",[143,12631,12632],{},[183,12633,10604,12634,10608],{"href":12446},[18,12635,12636],{},"popitem()",[143,12638,12639],{},[183,12640,10604,12641,10608],{"href":12297},[18,12642,12643],{},"copy()",[143,12645,12646],{},[183,12647,12648],{"href":11930},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[143,12650,12651],{},[183,12652,12653],{"href":12439},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1810,12655,12656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":12658},[12659,12660,12662,12663,12664,12668,12673,12674,12676,12677,12687],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":11274,"depth":89,"text":12661},"What clear() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":11570,"depth":89,"text":12665,"children":12666},"What clear() returns",[12667],{"id":11682,"depth":111,"text":11683},{"id":11860,"depth":89,"text":12669,"children":12670},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12671,12672],{"id":11251,"depth":111,"text":11189},{"id":11318,"depth":111,"text":11913},{"id":11934,"depth":89,"text":11935},{"id":12303,"depth":89,"text":12675},"When to use clear()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":12678},[12679,12681,12683,12685],{"id":12569,"depth":111,"text":12680},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12579,"depth":111,"text":12682},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12589,"depth":111,"text":12684},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12604,"depth":111,"text":12686},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11180,"description":12688},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12695,"title":12696,"body":12697,"description":14860,"extension":1841,"meta":14861,"navigation":301,"path":14862,"seo":14863,"stem":14864,"__hash__":14865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12698,"toc":14832},[12699,12704,12709,12719,12721,12810,12814,12855,12860,12867,12885,12894,12896,12917,12920,12932,12934,13010,13014,13055,13057,13060,13188,13192,13272,13275,13293,13296,13300,13306,13308,13319,13321,13514,13518,13624,13627,13645,13648,13655,13660,13664,13678,13680,13807,13811,13890,13903,13909,13912,13920,13924,14050,14054,14128,14133,14264,14268,14342,14345,14359,14363,14367,14381,14383,14519,14523,14592,14594,14599,14621,14624,14731,14734,14745,14752,14754,14760,14763,14770,14773,14780,14788,14792,14795,14797,14829],[10,12700,11186,12702,11190],{"id":12701},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12703,12643],{},[14,12705,12706,12708],{},[18,12707,12300],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12710,12711,12712,12714,12715,12718],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12713,12643],{}," makes a ",[23,12716,12717],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[39,12720,1882],{"id":1881},[44,12722,12724],{"className":46,"code":12723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12725,12726,12764,12781,12785,12796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12727,12728,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12729,12730],{"class":59},"student ",[53,12732,64],{"class":63},[53,12734,679],{"class":67},[53,12736,253],{"class":252},[53,12738,592],{"class":256},[53,12740,253],{"class":252},[53,12742,597],{"class":67},[53,12744,264],{"class":252},[53,12746,12747],{"class":256},"Ana",[53,12749,253],{"class":252},[53,12751,75],{"class":67},[53,12753,264],{"class":252},[53,12755,9166],{"class":256},[53,12757,253],{"class":252},[53,12759,597],{"class":67},[53,12761,7658],{"class":71},[53,12763,9176],{"class":67},[53,12765,12766,12769,12771,12774,12776,12779],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12767,12768],{"class":59},"student_copy ",[53,12770,64],{"class":63},[53,12772,12773],{"class":59}," student",[53,12775,95],{"class":67},[53,12777,12778],{"class":98},"copy",[53,12780,8510],{"class":67},[53,12782,12783],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12784,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,12786,12787,12789,12791,12794],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,12788,115],{"class":114},[53,12790,102],{"class":67},[53,12792,12793],{"class":98},"student_copy",[53,12795,108],{"class":67},[53,12797,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,12799,115],{"class":114},[53,12801,102],{"class":67},[53,12803,12768],{"class":98},[53,12805,12059],{"class":1558},[53,12807,12773],{"class":98},[53,12809,108],{"class":67},[14,12811,12812],{},[23,12813,328],{},[44,12815,12817],{"className":46,"code":12816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12818,12819,12851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12820,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12822,9145],{"class":67},[53,12824,341],{"class":252},[53,12826,592],{"class":256},[53,12828,341],{"class":252},[53,12830,597],{"class":67},[53,12832,350],{"class":252},[53,12834,12747],{"class":256},[53,12836,341],{"class":252},[53,12838,75],{"class":67},[53,12840,350],{"class":252},[53,12842,9166],{"class":256},[53,12844,341],{"class":252},[53,12846,597],{"class":67},[53,12848,7658],{"class":71},[53,12850,9176],{"class":67},[53,12852,12853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12854,3916],{"class":369},[14,12856,131,12857,12859],{},[18,12858,12643],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[39,12861,12863,12864,12866],{"id":12862},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,12865,12643],{}," method does",[140,12868,12869,12874,12877,12882],{},[143,12870,12871,12873],{},[18,12872,12300],{}," returns a new dictionary",[143,12875,12876],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[143,12878,12879,12880],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,12881,12643],{},[143,12883,12884],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12886,12887,12888,2758,12891,95],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[183,12889,9024],{"href":12890},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[183,12892,9259],{"href":12893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[39,12895,2039],{"id":2038},[44,12897,12899],{"className":46,"code":12898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,12900,12901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12902,12903,12906,12908,12911,12913,12915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12904,12905],{"class":59},"new_dict ",[53,12907,64],{"class":63},[53,12909,12910],{"class":59}," old_dict",[53,12912,95],{"class":67},[53,12914,12778],{"class":98},[53,12916,8510],{"class":67},[14,12918,12919],{},"Key points:",[140,12921,12922,12926,12929],{},[143,12923,12924,11334],{},[18,12925,12643],{},[143,12927,12928],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[143,12930,12931],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12933,235],{},[44,12935,12937],{"className":46,"code":12936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,12938,12939,12979,12995,12999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12940,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12942,398],{"class":59},[53,12944,64],{"class":63},[53,12946,679],{"class":67},[53,12948,253],{"class":252},[53,12950,183],{"class":256},[53,12952,253],{"class":252},[53,12954,597],{"class":67},[53,12956,264],{"class":252},[53,12958,407],{"class":256},[53,12960,253],{"class":252},[53,12962,75],{"class":67},[53,12964,264],{"class":252},[53,12966,1453],{"class":256},[53,12968,253],{"class":252},[53,12970,597],{"class":67},[53,12972,264],{"class":252},[53,12974,416],{"class":256},[53,12976,253],{"class":252},[53,12978,9176],{"class":67},[53,12980,12981,12984,12986,12989,12991,12993],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,12982,12983],{"class":59},"new_colors ",[53,12985,64],{"class":63},[53,12987,12988],{"class":59}," colors",[53,12990,95],{"class":67},[53,12992,12778],{"class":98},[53,12994,8510],{"class":67},[53,12996,12997],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,12998,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13000,13001,13003,13005,13008],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13002,115],{"class":114},[53,13004,102],{"class":67},[53,13006,13007],{"class":98},"new_colors",[53,13009,108],{"class":67},[14,13011,13012],{},[23,13013,328],{},[44,13015,13017],{"className":46,"code":13016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13018,13019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13020,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13022,9145],{"class":67},[53,13024,341],{"class":252},[53,13026,183],{"class":256},[53,13028,341],{"class":252},[53,13030,597],{"class":67},[53,13032,350],{"class":252},[53,13034,407],{"class":256},[53,13036,341],{"class":252},[53,13038,75],{"class":67},[53,13040,350],{"class":252},[53,13042,1453],{"class":256},[53,13044,341],{"class":252},[53,13046,597],{"class":67},[53,13048,350],{"class":252},[53,13050,416],{"class":256},[53,13052,341],{"class":252},[53,13054,9176],{"class":67},[39,13056,385],{"id":384},[14,13058,13059],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[44,13061,13063],{"className":46,"code":13062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13064,13065,13103,13119,13123,13145,13149,13168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13066,13067,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13068,13069],{"class":59},"person ",[53,13071,64],{"class":63},[53,13073,679],{"class":67},[53,13075,253],{"class":252},[53,13077,592],{"class":256},[53,13079,253],{"class":252},[53,13081,597],{"class":67},[53,13083,264],{"class":252},[53,13085,13086],{"class":256},"Liam",[53,13088,253],{"class":252},[53,13090,75],{"class":67},[53,13092,264],{"class":252},[53,13094,9166],{"class":256},[53,13096,253],{"class":252},[53,13098,597],{"class":67},[53,13100,9173],{"class":71},[53,13102,9176],{"class":67},[53,13104,13105,13108,13110,13113,13115,13117],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13106,13107],{"class":59},"person_copy ",[53,13109,64],{"class":63},[53,13111,13112],{"class":59}," person",[53,13114,95],{"class":67},[53,13116,12778],{"class":98},[53,13118,8510],{"class":67},[53,13120,13121],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,13122,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13124,13125,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13139,13142],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13126,13127],{"class":59},"person_copy",[53,13129,338],{"class":67},[53,13131,253],{"class":252},[53,13133,9166],{"class":256},[53,13135,253],{"class":252},[53,13137,13138],{"class":67},"]",[53,13140,13141],{"class":63}," =",[53,13143,13144],{"class":71}," 26\n",[53,13146,13147],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,13148,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13150,13151,13153,13155,13157,13160,13162,13164,13166],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,13152,115],{"class":114},[53,13154,102],{"class":67},[53,13156,253],{"class":252},[53,13158,13159],{"class":256},"Original:",[53,13161,253],{"class":252},[53,13163,75],{"class":67},[53,13165,13112],{"class":98},[53,13167,108],{"class":67},[53,13169,13170,13172,13174,13176,13179,13181,13183,13186],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,13171,115],{"class":114},[53,13173,102],{"class":67},[53,13175,253],{"class":252},[53,13177,13178],{"class":256},"Copy:",[53,13180,253],{"class":252},[53,13182,75],{"class":67},[53,13184,13185],{"class":98}," person_copy",[53,13187,108],{"class":67},[14,13189,13190],{},[23,13191,328],{},[44,13193,13195],{"className":46,"code":13194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13196,13197,13234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13198,13199,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13200,13201],{"class":59},"Original",[53,13203,597],{"class":67},[53,13205,679],{"class":67},[53,13207,341],{"class":252},[53,13209,592],{"class":256},[53,13211,341],{"class":252},[53,13213,597],{"class":67},[53,13215,350],{"class":252},[53,13217,13086],{"class":256},[53,13219,341],{"class":252},[53,13221,75],{"class":67},[53,13223,350],{"class":252},[53,13225,9166],{"class":256},[53,13227,341],{"class":252},[53,13229,597],{"class":67},[53,13231,9173],{"class":71},[53,13233,9176],{"class":67},[53,13235,13236,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13270],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13237,13238],{"class":59},"Copy",[53,13240,597],{"class":67},[53,13242,679],{"class":67},[53,13244,341],{"class":252},[53,13246,592],{"class":256},[53,13248,341],{"class":252},[53,13250,597],{"class":67},[53,13252,350],{"class":252},[53,13254,13086],{"class":256},[53,13256,341],{"class":252},[53,13258,75],{"class":67},[53,13260,350],{"class":252},[53,13262,9166],{"class":256},[53,13264,341],{"class":252},[53,13266,597],{"class":67},[53,13268,13269],{"class":71}," 26",[53,13271,9176],{"class":67},[14,13273,13274],{},"What happened here:",[140,13276,13277,13283,13290],{},[143,13278,13279,13282],{},[18,13280,13281],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[143,13284,13285,13286,13289],{},"Changing ",[18,13287,13288],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[143,13291,13292],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13294,13295],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[39,13297,13299],{"id":13298},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13301,13302,12714,13304,95],{},[18,13303,12643],{},[23,13305,12717],{},[14,13307,1987],{},[140,13309,13310,13313,13316],{},[143,13311,13312],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[143,13314,13315],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[143,13317,13318],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13320,235],{},[44,13322,13324],{"className":46,"code":13323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13325,13326,13334,13352,13375,13379,13383,13397,13401,13424,13428,13446,13465,13480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13327,13328,13330,13332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13329,12730],{"class":59},[53,13331,64],{"class":63},[53,13333,11360],{"class":67},[53,13335,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13337,11365],{"class":252},[53,13339,592],{"class":256},[53,13341,253],{"class":252},[53,13343,597],{"class":67},[53,13345,264],{"class":252},[53,13347,12747],{"class":256},[53,13349,253],{"class":252},[53,13351,11381],{"class":67},[53,13353,13354,13356,13359,13361,13363,13365,13368,13370,13373],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,13355,11365],{"class":252},[53,13357,13358],{"class":256},"grades",[53,13360,253],{"class":252},[53,13362,597],{"class":67},[53,13364,68],{"class":67},[53,13366,13367],{"class":71},"90",[53,13369,75],{"class":67},[53,13371,13372],{"class":71}," 85",[53,13374,86],{"class":67},[53,13376,13377],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13378,9176],{"class":67},[53,13380,13381],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,13382,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13384,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,13386,12768],{"class":59},[53,13388,64],{"class":63},[53,13390,12773],{"class":59},[53,13392,95],{"class":67},[53,13394,12778],{"class":98},[53,13396,8510],{"class":67},[53,13398,13399],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,13400,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13402,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13422],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,13404,12793],{"class":59},[53,13406,338],{"class":67},[53,13408,253],{"class":252},[53,13410,13358],{"class":256},[53,13412,253],{"class":252},[53,13414,1252],{"class":67},[53,13416,99],{"class":98},[53,13418,102],{"class":67},[53,13420,13421],{"class":71},"100",[53,13423,108],{"class":67},[53,13425,13426],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,13427,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13429,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,13431,115],{"class":114},[53,13433,102],{"class":67},[53,13435,253],{"class":252},[53,13437,13159],{"class":256},[53,13439,253],{"class":252},[53,13441,75],{"class":67},[53,13443,12773],{"class":98},[53,13445,108],{"class":67},[53,13447,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13463],{"class":55,"line":11462},[53,13449,115],{"class":114},[53,13451,102],{"class":67},[53,13453,253],{"class":252},[53,13455,13178],{"class":256},[53,13457,253],{"class":252},[53,13459,75],{"class":67},[53,13461,13462],{"class":98}," student_copy",[53,13464,108],{"class":67},[53,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478],{"class":55,"line":13467},12,[53,13469,115],{"class":114},[53,13471,102],{"class":67},[53,13473,12730],{"class":98},[53,13475,12059],{"class":1558},[53,13477,13462],{"class":98},[53,13479,108],{"class":67},[53,13481,13483,13485,13487,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512],{"class":55,"line":13482},13,[53,13484,115],{"class":114},[53,13486,102],{"class":67},[53,13488,13489],{"class":98},"student",[53,13491,338],{"class":67},[53,13493,253],{"class":252},[53,13495,13358],{"class":256},[53,13497,253],{"class":252},[53,13499,13138],{"class":67},[53,13501,7964],{"class":1558},[53,13503,13462],{"class":98},[53,13505,338],{"class":67},[53,13507,253],{"class":252},[53,13509,13358],{"class":256},[53,13511,253],{"class":252},[53,13513,632],{"class":67},[14,13515,13516],{},[23,13517,328],{},[44,13519,13521],{"className":46,"code":13520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13522,13523,13570,13616,13620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13524,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13526,13201],{"class":59},[53,13528,597],{"class":67},[53,13530,679],{"class":67},[53,13532,341],{"class":252},[53,13534,592],{"class":256},[53,13536,341],{"class":252},[53,13538,597],{"class":67},[53,13540,350],{"class":252},[53,13542,12747],{"class":256},[53,13544,341],{"class":252},[53,13546,75],{"class":67},[53,13548,350],{"class":252},[53,13550,13358],{"class":256},[53,13552,341],{"class":252},[53,13554,597],{"class":67},[53,13556,68],{"class":67},[53,13558,13367],{"class":71},[53,13560,75],{"class":67},[53,13562,13372],{"class":71},[53,13564,75],{"class":67},[53,13566,9985],{"class":71},[53,13568,13569],{"class":67},"]}\n",[53,13571,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13573,13238],{"class":59},[53,13575,597],{"class":67},[53,13577,679],{"class":67},[53,13579,341],{"class":252},[53,13581,592],{"class":256},[53,13583,341],{"class":252},[53,13585,597],{"class":67},[53,13587,350],{"class":252},[53,13589,12747],{"class":256},[53,13591,341],{"class":252},[53,13593,75],{"class":67},[53,13595,350],{"class":252},[53,13597,13358],{"class":256},[53,13599,341],{"class":252},[53,13601,597],{"class":67},[53,13603,68],{"class":67},[53,13605,13367],{"class":71},[53,13607,75],{"class":67},[53,13609,13372],{"class":71},[53,13611,75],{"class":67},[53,13613,9985],{"class":71},[53,13615,13569],{"class":67},[53,13617,13618],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,13619,3916],{"class":369},[53,13621,13622],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13623,3855],{"class":369},[14,13625,13626],{},"Notice the difference:",[140,13628,13629,13637],{},[143,13630,13631,4657,13634,13636],{},[18,13632,13633],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13635,3552],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[143,13638,13639,4657,13642,13644],{},[18,13640,13641],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13643,573],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13646,13647],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13649,13650,13651,95],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[183,13652,13654],{"href":13653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[39,13656,4835,13658],{"id":13657},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13659,12643],{},[14,13661,131,13662,10468],{},[18,13663,12643],{},[140,13665,13666,13669,13672,13675],{},[143,13667,13668],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[143,13670,13671],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[143,13673,13674],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[143,13676,13677],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13679,235],{},[44,13681,13683],{"className":46,"code":13682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13684,13685,13724,13740,13744,13764,13768,13787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13686,13687,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13715,13717,13719,13722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13688,13689],{"class":59},"settings ",[53,13691,64],{"class":63},[53,13693,679],{"class":67},[53,13695,253],{"class":252},[53,13697,12360],{"class":256},[53,13699,253],{"class":252},[53,13701,597],{"class":67},[53,13703,264],{"class":252},[53,13705,12369],{"class":256},[53,13707,253],{"class":252},[53,13709,75],{"class":67},[53,13711,264],{"class":252},[53,13713,13714],{"class":256},"font_size",[53,13716,253],{"class":252},[53,13718,597],{"class":67},[53,13720,13721],{"class":71}," 14",[53,13723,9176],{"class":67},[53,13725,13726,13729,13731,13734,13736,13738],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13727,13728],{"class":59},"settings_backup ",[53,13730,64],{"class":63},[53,13732,13733],{"class":59}," settings",[53,13735,95],{"class":67},[53,13737,12778],{"class":98},[53,13739,8510],{"class":67},[53,13741,13742],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,13743,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13745,13746,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13747,13748],{"class":59},"settings",[53,13750,338],{"class":67},[53,13752,253],{"class":252},[53,13754,13714],{"class":256},[53,13756,253],{"class":252},[53,13758,13138],{"class":67},[53,13760,13141],{"class":63},[53,13762,13763],{"class":71}," 16\n",[53,13765,13766],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,13767,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13769,13770,13772,13774,13776,13779,13781,13783,13785],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,13771,115],{"class":114},[53,13773,102],{"class":67},[53,13775,253],{"class":252},[53,13777,13778],{"class":256},"Current:",[53,13780,253],{"class":252},[53,13782,75],{"class":67},[53,13784,13733],{"class":98},[53,13786,108],{"class":67},[53,13788,13789,13791,13793,13795,13798,13800,13802,13805],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,13790,115],{"class":114},[53,13792,102],{"class":67},[53,13794,253],{"class":252},[53,13796,13797],{"class":256},"Backup:",[53,13799,253],{"class":252},[53,13801,75],{"class":67},[53,13803,13804],{"class":98}," settings_backup",[53,13806,108],{"class":67},[14,13808,13809],{},[23,13810,328],{},[44,13812,13814],{"className":46,"code":13813,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13815,13816,13853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13817,13818,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13819,13820],{"class":59},"Current",[53,13822,597],{"class":67},[53,13824,679],{"class":67},[53,13826,341],{"class":252},[53,13828,12360],{"class":256},[53,13830,341],{"class":252},[53,13832,597],{"class":67},[53,13834,350],{"class":252},[53,13836,12369],{"class":256},[53,13838,341],{"class":252},[53,13840,75],{"class":67},[53,13842,350],{"class":252},[53,13844,13714],{"class":256},[53,13846,341],{"class":252},[53,13848,597],{"class":67},[53,13850,1644],{"class":71},[53,13852,9176],{"class":67},[53,13854,13855,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13856,13857],{"class":59},"Backup",[53,13859,597],{"class":67},[53,13861,679],{"class":67},[53,13863,341],{"class":252},[53,13865,12360],{"class":256},[53,13867,341],{"class":252},[53,13869,597],{"class":67},[53,13871,350],{"class":252},[53,13873,12369],{"class":256},[53,13875,341],{"class":252},[53,13877,75],{"class":67},[53,13879,350],{"class":252},[53,13881,13714],{"class":256},[53,13883,341],{"class":252},[53,13885,597],{"class":67},[53,13887,13721],{"class":71},[53,13889,9176],{"class":67},[14,13891,13892,13893,2758,13899,95],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[183,13894,13896],{"href":13895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,13897,13898],{},"dict.update()",[183,13900,13901],{"href":12690},[18,13902,11195],{},[39,13904,13906,13908],{"id":13905},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,13907,12643],{}," vs assignment",[14,13910,13911],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13913,833,13914,13916,13917,13919],{},[18,13915,64],{}," does ",[23,13918,36],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[830,13921,13923],{"id":13922},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[44,13925,13927],{"className":46,"code":13926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,13928,13929,13961,13970,13974,13994,13998,14016,14036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13930,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13932,11951],{"class":59},[53,13934,64],{"class":63},[53,13936,679],{"class":67},[53,13938,253],{"class":252},[53,13940,2056],{"class":256},[53,13942,253],{"class":252},[53,13944,597],{"class":67},[53,13946,5371],{"class":71},[53,13948,75],{"class":67},[53,13950,264],{"class":252},[53,13952,11613],{"class":256},[53,13954,253],{"class":252},[53,13956,597],{"class":67},[53,13958,78],{"class":71},[53,13960,9176],{"class":67},[53,13962,13963,13966,13968],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,13964,13965],{"class":59},"assigned ",[53,13967,64],{"class":63},[53,13969,11989],{"class":59},[53,13971,13972],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,13973,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13975,13976,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,13977,13978],{"class":59},"assigned",[53,13980,338],{"class":67},[53,13982,253],{"class":252},[53,13984,2056],{"class":256},[53,13986,253],{"class":252},[53,13988,13138],{"class":67},[53,13990,13141],{"class":63},[53,13992,13993],{"class":71}," 99\n",[53,13995,13996],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,13997,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,13999,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,14001,115],{"class":114},[53,14003,102],{"class":67},[53,14005,253],{"class":252},[53,14007,13159],{"class":256},[53,14009,253],{"class":252},[53,14011,75],{"class":67},[53,14013,12026],{"class":98},[53,14015,108],{"class":67},[53,14017,14018,14020,14022,14024,14027,14029,14031,14034],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,14019,115],{"class":114},[53,14021,102],{"class":67},[53,14023,253],{"class":252},[53,14025,14026],{"class":256},"Assigned:",[53,14028,253],{"class":252},[53,14030,75],{"class":67},[53,14032,14033],{"class":98}," assigned",[53,14035,108],{"class":67},[53,14037,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,14039,115],{"class":114},[53,14041,102],{"class":67},[53,14043,11951],{"class":98},[53,14045,12059],{"class":1558},[53,14047,14033],{"class":98},[53,14049,108],{"class":67},[14,14051,14052],{},[23,14053,328],{},[44,14055,14057],{"className":46,"code":14056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14058,14059,14091,14124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14060,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14062,13201],{"class":59},[53,14064,597],{"class":67},[53,14066,679],{"class":67},[53,14068,341],{"class":252},[53,14070,2056],{"class":256},[53,14072,341],{"class":252},[53,14074,597],{"class":67},[53,14076,10064],{"class":71},[53,14078,75],{"class":67},[53,14080,350],{"class":252},[53,14082,11613],{"class":256},[53,14084,341],{"class":252},[53,14086,597],{"class":67},[53,14088,78],{"class":71},[53,14090,9176],{"class":67},[53,14092,14093,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14094,14095],{"class":59},"Assigned",[53,14097,597],{"class":67},[53,14099,679],{"class":67},[53,14101,341],{"class":252},[53,14103,2056],{"class":256},[53,14105,341],{"class":252},[53,14107,597],{"class":67},[53,14109,10064],{"class":71},[53,14111,75],{"class":67},[53,14113,350],{"class":252},[53,14115,11613],{"class":256},[53,14117,341],{"class":252},[53,14119,597],{"class":67},[53,14121,78],{"class":71},[53,14123,9176],{"class":67},[53,14125,14126],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14127,3855],{"class":369},[830,14129,833,14131],{"id":14130},"using-copy",[18,14132,12643],{},[44,14134,14136],{"className":46,"code":14135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14137,14138,14170,14185,14189,14208,14212,14230,14250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14139,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14141,11951],{"class":59},[53,14143,64],{"class":63},[53,14145,679],{"class":67},[53,14147,253],{"class":252},[53,14149,2056],{"class":256},[53,14151,253],{"class":252},[53,14153,597],{"class":67},[53,14155,5371],{"class":71},[53,14157,75],{"class":67},[53,14159,264],{"class":252},[53,14161,11613],{"class":256},[53,14163,253],{"class":252},[53,14165,597],{"class":67},[53,14167,78],{"class":71},[53,14169,9176],{"class":67},[53,14171,14172,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14173,14174],{"class":59},"copied ",[53,14176,64],{"class":63},[53,14178,12026],{"class":59},[53,14180,95],{"class":67},[53,14182,12778],{"class":98},[53,14184,8510],{"class":67},[53,14186,14187],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14188,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,14190,14191,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,14192,14193],{"class":59},"copied",[53,14195,338],{"class":67},[53,14197,253],{"class":252},[53,14199,2056],{"class":256},[53,14201,253],{"class":252},[53,14203,13138],{"class":67},[53,14205,13141],{"class":63},[53,14207,13993],{"class":71},[53,14209,14210],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,14211,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,14213,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,14215,115],{"class":114},[53,14217,102],{"class":67},[53,14219,253],{"class":252},[53,14221,13159],{"class":256},[53,14223,253],{"class":252},[53,14225,75],{"class":67},[53,14227,12026],{"class":98},[53,14229,108],{"class":67},[53,14231,14232,14234,14236,14238,14241,14243,14245,14248],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,14233,115],{"class":114},[53,14235,102],{"class":67},[53,14237,253],{"class":252},[53,14239,14240],{"class":256},"Copied:",[53,14242,253],{"class":252},[53,14244,75],{"class":67},[53,14246,14247],{"class":98}," copied",[53,14249,108],{"class":67},[53,14251,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,14253,115],{"class":114},[53,14255,102],{"class":67},[53,14257,11951],{"class":98},[53,14259,12059],{"class":1558},[53,14261,14247],{"class":98},[53,14263,108],{"class":67},[14,14265,14266],{},[23,14267,328],{},[44,14269,14271],{"className":46,"code":14270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14272,14273,14305,14338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14274,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14276,13201],{"class":59},[53,14278,597],{"class":67},[53,14280,679],{"class":67},[53,14282,341],{"class":252},[53,14284,2056],{"class":256},[53,14286,341],{"class":252},[53,14288,597],{"class":67},[53,14290,5371],{"class":71},[53,14292,75],{"class":67},[53,14294,350],{"class":252},[53,14296,11613],{"class":256},[53,14298,341],{"class":252},[53,14300,597],{"class":67},[53,14302,78],{"class":71},[53,14304,9176],{"class":67},[53,14306,14307,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14308,14309],{"class":59},"Copied",[53,14311,597],{"class":67},[53,14313,679],{"class":67},[53,14315,341],{"class":252},[53,14317,2056],{"class":256},[53,14319,341],{"class":252},[53,14321,597],{"class":67},[53,14323,10064],{"class":71},[53,14325,75],{"class":67},[53,14327,350],{"class":252},[53,14329,11613],{"class":256},[53,14331,341],{"class":252},[53,14333,597],{"class":67},[53,14335,78],{"class":71},[53,14337,9176],{"class":67},[53,14339,14340],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14341,3916],{"class":369},[14,14343,14344],{},"Summary:",[140,14346,14347,14353],{},[143,14348,14349,14352],{},[18,14350,14351],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[143,14354,14355,14358],{},[18,14356,14357],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[39,14360,14362],{"id":14361},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14364,14365,597],{},[18,14366,12643],{},[140,14368,14369,14372,14375,14378],{},[143,14370,14371],{},"Returns a dictionary",[143,14373,14374],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[143,14376,14377],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[143,14379,14380],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14382,235],{},[44,14384,14386],{"className":46,"code":14385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14387,14388,14420,14436,14440,14458,14478,14482,14500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14389,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14391,1692],{"class":59},[53,14393,64],{"class":63},[53,14395,679],{"class":67},[53,14397,253],{"class":252},[53,14399,183],{"class":256},[53,14401,253],{"class":252},[53,14403,597],{"class":67},[53,14405,5371],{"class":71},[53,14407,75],{"class":67},[53,14409,264],{"class":252},[53,14411,1453],{"class":256},[53,14413,253],{"class":252},[53,14415,597],{"class":67},[53,14417,78],{"class":71},[53,14419,9176],{"class":67},[53,14421,14422,14425,14427,14430,14432,14434],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14423,14424],{"class":59},"data_copy ",[53,14426,64],{"class":63},[53,14428,14429],{"class":59}," data",[53,14431,95],{"class":67},[53,14433,12778],{"class":98},[53,14435,8510],{"class":67},[53,14437,14438],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14439,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,14441,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,14443,1709],{"class":59},[53,14445,338],{"class":67},[53,14447,253],{"class":252},[53,14449,183],{"class":256},[53,14451,253],{"class":252},[53,14453,13138],{"class":67},[53,14455,13141],{"class":63},[53,14457,2465],{"class":71},[53,14459,14460,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,14461,14462],{"class":59},"data_copy",[53,14464,338],{"class":67},[53,14466,253],{"class":252},[53,14468,1453],{"class":256},[53,14470,253],{"class":252},[53,14472,13138],{"class":67},[53,14474,13141],{"class":63},[53,14476,14477],{"class":71}," 20\n",[53,14479,14480],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,14481,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,14483,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,14485,115],{"class":114},[53,14487,102],{"class":67},[53,14489,253],{"class":252},[53,14491,13159],{"class":256},[53,14493,253],{"class":252},[53,14495,75],{"class":67},[53,14497,14429],{"class":98},[53,14499,108],{"class":67},[53,14501,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14517],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,14503,115],{"class":114},[53,14505,102],{"class":67},[53,14507,253],{"class":252},[53,14509,13178],{"class":256},[53,14511,253],{"class":252},[53,14513,75],{"class":67},[53,14515,14516],{"class":98}," data_copy",[53,14518,108],{"class":67},[14,14520,14521],{},[23,14522,328],{},[44,14524,14526],{"className":46,"code":14525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14527,14528,14560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14529,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14531,13201],{"class":59},[53,14533,597],{"class":67},[53,14535,679],{"class":67},[53,14537,341],{"class":252},[53,14539,183],{"class":256},[53,14541,341],{"class":252},[53,14543,597],{"class":67},[53,14545,5876],{"class":71},[53,14547,75],{"class":67},[53,14549,350],{"class":252},[53,14551,1453],{"class":256},[53,14553,341],{"class":252},[53,14555,597],{"class":67},[53,14557,78],{"class":71},[53,14559,9176],{"class":67},[53,14561,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14563,13238],{"class":59},[53,14565,597],{"class":67},[53,14567,679],{"class":67},[53,14569,341],{"class":252},[53,14571,183],{"class":256},[53,14573,341],{"class":252},[53,14575,597],{"class":67},[53,14577,5371],{"class":71},[53,14579,75],{"class":67},[53,14581,350],{"class":252},[53,14583,1453],{"class":256},[53,14585,341],{"class":252},[53,14587,597],{"class":67},[53,14589,7658],{"class":71},[53,14591,9176],{"class":67},[39,14593,2709],{"id":2708},[14,14595,14596,14597,597],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14598,12300],{},[140,14600,14601,14608,14613,14618],{},[143,14602,833,14603,10959,14605,14607],{},[18,14604,64],{},[18,14606,12643],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[143,14609,4454,14610,14612],{},[18,14611,12643],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[143,14614,14615,14616],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14617,12643],{},[143,14619,14620],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14622,14623],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[44,14625,14627],{"className":46,"code":14626,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14628,14629,14639,14649,14663,14686,14709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14630,14631,14633,14635,14637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14632,115],{"class":114},[53,14634,102],{"class":67},[53,14636,11998],{"class":98},[53,14638,108],{"class":67},[53,14640,14641,14643,14645,14647],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14642,115],{"class":114},[53,14644,102],{"class":67},[53,14646,14193],{"class":98},[53,14648,108],{"class":67},[53,14650,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14652,115],{"class":114},[53,14654,102],{"class":67},[53,14656,11951],{"class":98},[53,14658,12059],{"class":1558},[53,14660,14247],{"class":98},[53,14662,108],{"class":67},[53,14664,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14680,14682,14684],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,14666,115],{"class":114},[53,14668,102],{"class":67},[53,14670,12515],{"class":114},[53,14672,102],{"class":67},[53,14674,11998],{"class":98},[53,14676,9100],{"class":67},[53,14678,14679],{"class":114}," id",[53,14681,102],{"class":67},[53,14683,14193],{"class":98},[53,14685,1907],{"class":67},[53,14687,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14705,14707],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,14689,115],{"class":114},[53,14691,102],{"class":67},[53,14693,12515],{"class":114},[53,14695,102],{"class":67},[53,14697,11998],{"class":98},[53,14699,338],{"class":67},[53,14701,253],{"class":252},[53,14703,14704],{"class":256},"key",[53,14706,253],{"class":252},[53,14708,2879],{"class":67},[53,14710,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,14712,115],{"class":114},[53,14714,102],{"class":67},[53,14716,12515],{"class":114},[53,14718,102],{"class":67},[53,14720,14193],{"class":98},[53,14722,338],{"class":67},[53,14724,253],{"class":252},[53,14726,14704],{"class":256},[53,14728,253],{"class":252},[53,14730,2879],{"class":67},[14,14732,14733],{},"What these help you check:",[140,14735,14736,14739,14742],{},[143,14737,14738],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[143,14740,14741],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[143,14743,14744],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14746,14747,14748,95],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[183,14749,14751],{"href":14750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[39,14753,1650],{"id":1649},[830,14755,12570,14757,14759],{"id":14756},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14758,12300],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14761,14762],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[830,14764,14766,14767,14769],{"id":14765},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14768,12300],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14771,14772],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[830,14774,5055,14776,4269,14778,2370],{"id":14775},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14777,12643],{},[18,14779,64],{},[14,14781,14782,14784,14785,14787],{},[18,14783,12643],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14786,64],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[830,14789,14791],{"id":14790},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14793,14794],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[39,14796,1782],{"id":1781},[140,14798,14799,14803,14807,14811,14818,14824],{},[143,14800,14801],{},[183,14802,11110],{"href":12893},[143,14804,14805],{},[183,14806,9024],{"href":12890},[143,14808,14809],{},[183,14810,13654],{"href":13653},[143,14812,14813],{},[183,14814,10604,14815,10608],{"href":13895},[18,14816,14817],{},"update()",[143,14819,14820],{},[183,14821,10604,14822,10608],{"href":12690},[18,14823,11189],{},[143,14825,14826],{},[183,14827,14828],{"href":14750},"How to copy a list in Python",[1810,14830,14831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":14833},[14834,14835,14837,14838,14839,14840,14842,14848,14849,14850,14859],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":12862,"depth":89,"text":14836},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":13298,"depth":89,"text":13299},{"id":13657,"depth":89,"text":14841},"When to use copy()",{"id":13905,"depth":89,"text":14843,"children":14844},"copy() vs assignment",[14845,14846],{"id":13922,"depth":111,"text":13923},{"id":14130,"depth":111,"text":14847},"Using copy()",{"id":14361,"depth":89,"text":14362},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":14851},[14852,14854,14856,14858],{"id":14756,"depth":111,"text":14853},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14765,"depth":111,"text":14855},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14775,"depth":111,"text":14857},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14790,"depth":111,"text":14791},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12696,"description":14860},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14867,"title":14868,"body":14869,"description":17068,"extension":1841,"meta":17069,"navigation":301,"path":12893,"seo":17070,"stem":17071,"__hash__":17072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14870,"toc":17030},[14871,14874,14880,14889,14891,14967,14971,15020,15023,15027,15041,15044,15048,15061,15064,15097,15111,15114,15126,15130,15133,15141,15221,15225,15278,15282,15300,15302,15384,15387,15389,15392,15395,15418,15442,15446,15454,15457,15461,15470,15475,15533,15537,15570,15576,15582,15585,15640,15644,15694,15697,15703,15706,15714,15716,15761,15766,15775,15778,15781,15828,15830,15835,15838,15932,15936,15989,15992,16048,16051,16055,16058,16072,16076,16142,16146,16171,16174,16178,16256,16260,16263,16266,16286,16289,16342,16346,16349,16352,16365,16367,16456,16463,16466,16477,16479,16482,16502,16506,16509,16518,16521,16560,16564,16566,16575,16584,16586,16624,16628,16675,16679,16700,16704,16707,16819,16824,16922,16944,16946,16950,16957,16961,16967,16971,16974,16978,16981,16988,16996,16998,17024,17027],[10,14872,14868],{"id":14873},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14875,14876,14877,14879],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[23,14878,9000],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14881,14882,14883,2758,14885,95],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[183,14884,9024],{"href":9023},[183,14886,14888],{"href":14887},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[39,14890,1882],{"id":1881},[44,14892,14894],{"className":46,"code":14893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14895,14896,14904,14922,14936,14949,14953,14957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14897,14898,14900,14902],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14899,12730],{"class":59},[53,14901,64],{"class":63},[53,14903,11360],{"class":67},[53,14905,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,14907,11365],{"class":252},[53,14909,592],{"class":256},[53,14911,253],{"class":252},[53,14913,597],{"class":67},[53,14915,264],{"class":252},[53,14917,12747],{"class":256},[53,14919,253],{"class":252},[53,14921,11381],{"class":67},[53,14923,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,14925,11365],{"class":252},[53,14927,9166],{"class":256},[53,14929,253],{"class":252},[53,14931,597],{"class":67},[53,14933,7658],{"class":71},[53,14935,11381],{"class":67},[53,14937,14938,14940,14943,14945,14947],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,14939,11365],{"class":252},[53,14941,14942],{"class":256},"is_active",[53,14944,253],{"class":252},[53,14946,597],{"class":67},[53,14948,6294],{"class":369},[53,14950,14951],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,14952,9176],{"class":67},[53,14954,14955],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,14956,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,14958,14959,14961,14963,14965],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,14960,115],{"class":114},[53,14962,102],{"class":67},[53,14964,13489],{"class":98},[53,14966,108],{"class":67},[14,14968,14969],{},[23,14970,328],{},[44,14972,14974],{"className":46,"code":14973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,14975,14976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14977,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14979,9145],{"class":67},[53,14981,341],{"class":252},[53,14983,592],{"class":256},[53,14985,341],{"class":252},[53,14987,597],{"class":67},[53,14989,350],{"class":252},[53,14991,12747],{"class":256},[53,14993,341],{"class":252},[53,14995,75],{"class":67},[53,14997,350],{"class":252},[53,14999,9166],{"class":256},[53,15001,341],{"class":252},[53,15003,597],{"class":67},[53,15005,7658],{"class":71},[53,15007,75],{"class":67},[53,15009,350],{"class":252},[53,15011,14942],{"class":256},[53,15013,341],{"class":252},[53,15015,597],{"class":67},[53,15017,674],{"class":369},[53,15019,9176],{"class":67},[14,15021,15022],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[39,15024,15026],{"id":15025},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[140,15028,15029,15032,15035,15038],{},[143,15030,15031],{},"What a dictionary is",[143,15033,15034],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[143,15036,15037],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[143,15039,15040],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[39,15042,15031],{"id":15043},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15045,8997,15046,95],{},[23,15047,9000],{},[140,15049,15050,15056],{},[143,15051,15052,15053,15055],{},"A ",[23,15054,14704],{}," is the label",[143,15057,15052,15058,15060],{},[23,15059,2350],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15062,15063],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[44,15065,15067],{"className":46,"code":15066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15068,15069,15077,15093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15070,15071,15073,15075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15072,12730],{"class":59},[53,15074,64],{"class":63},[53,15076,11360],{"class":67},[53,15078,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15080,11365],{"class":252},[53,15082,592],{"class":256},[53,15084,253],{"class":252},[53,15086,597],{"class":67},[53,15088,264],{"class":252},[53,15090,12747],{"class":256},[53,15092,3239],{"class":252},[53,15094,15095],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15096,9176],{"class":67},[140,15098,15099,15105],{},[143,15100,15101,15104],{},[18,15102,15103],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[143,15106,15107,15110],{},[18,15108,15109],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15112,15113],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[140,15115,15116,15118,15120,15123],{},[143,15117,592],{},[143,15119,9166],{},[143,15121,15122],{},"email",[143,15124,15125],{},"country",[39,15127,15129],{"id":15128},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15131,15132],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15134,131,15135,15137,15138,95],{},[18,15136,3671],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15139,15140],{},"key: value",[44,15142,15144],{"className":46,"code":15143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15145,15146,15154,15172,15186,15203,15207,15211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15147,15148,15150,15152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15149,12730],{"class":59},[53,15151,64],{"class":63},[53,15153,11360],{"class":67},[53,15155,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15157,11365],{"class":252},[53,15159,592],{"class":256},[53,15161,253],{"class":252},[53,15163,597],{"class":67},[53,15165,264],{"class":252},[53,15167,12747],{"class":256},[53,15169,253],{"class":252},[53,15171,11381],{"class":67},[53,15173,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15175,11365],{"class":252},[53,15177,9166],{"class":256},[53,15179,253],{"class":252},[53,15181,597],{"class":67},[53,15183,7658],{"class":71},[53,15185,11381],{"class":67},[53,15187,15188,15190,15193,15195,15197,15199,15201],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,15189,11365],{"class":252},[53,15191,15192],{"class":256},"course",[53,15194,253],{"class":252},[53,15196,597],{"class":67},[53,15198,264],{"class":252},[53,15200,7166],{"class":256},[53,15202,3239],{"class":252},[53,15204,15205],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,15206,9176],{"class":67},[53,15208,15209],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,15210,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15212,15213,15215,15217,15219],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,15214,115],{"class":114},[53,15216,102],{"class":67},[53,15218,13489],{"class":98},[53,15220,108],{"class":67},[14,15222,15223],{},[23,15224,328],{},[44,15226,15228],{"className":46,"code":15227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15229,15230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15231,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15233,9145],{"class":67},[53,15235,341],{"class":252},[53,15237,592],{"class":256},[53,15239,341],{"class":252},[53,15241,597],{"class":67},[53,15243,350],{"class":252},[53,15245,12747],{"class":256},[53,15247,341],{"class":252},[53,15249,75],{"class":67},[53,15251,350],{"class":252},[53,15253,9166],{"class":256},[53,15255,341],{"class":252},[53,15257,597],{"class":67},[53,15259,7658],{"class":71},[53,15261,75],{"class":67},[53,15263,350],{"class":252},[53,15265,15192],{"class":256},[53,15267,341],{"class":252},[53,15269,597],{"class":67},[53,15271,350],{"class":252},[53,15273,7166],{"class":256},[53,15275,341],{"class":252},[53,15277,9176],{"class":67},[830,15279,15281],{"id":15280},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[140,15283,15284,15289,15294,15297],{},[143,15285,131,15286,15288],{},[18,15287,3671],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[143,15290,15291,15292],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15293,15140],{},[143,15295,15296],{},"Separate items with commas",[143,15298,15299],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15301,235],{},[44,15303,15305],{"className":46,"code":15304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15306,15307,15316,15336,15352,15365,15369,15373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15308,15309,15312,15314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15310,15311],{"class":59},"book ",[53,15313,64],{"class":63},[53,15315,11360],{"class":67},[53,15317,15318,15320,15323,15325,15327,15329,15332,15334],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15319,11365],{"class":252},[53,15321,15322],{"class":256},"title",[53,15324,253],{"class":252},[53,15326,597],{"class":67},[53,15328,264],{"class":252},[53,15330,15331],{"class":256},"Python Basics",[53,15333,253],{"class":252},[53,15335,11381],{"class":67},[53,15337,15338,15340,15343,15345,15347,15350],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15339,11365],{"class":252},[53,15341,15342],{"class":256},"pages",[53,15344,253],{"class":252},[53,15346,597],{"class":67},[53,15348,15349],{"class":71}," 150",[53,15351,11381],{"class":67},[53,15353,15354,15356,15359,15361,15363],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,15355,11365],{"class":252},[53,15357,15358],{"class":256},"available",[53,15360,253],{"class":252},[53,15362,597],{"class":67},[53,15364,6294],{"class":369},[53,15366,15367],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,15368,9176],{"class":67},[53,15370,15371],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,15372,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15374,15375,15377,15379,15382],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,15376,115],{"class":114},[53,15378,102],{"class":67},[53,15380,15381],{"class":98},"book",[53,15383,108],{"class":67},[14,15385,15386],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[39,15388,9270],{"id":9269},[14,15390,15391],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15393,15394],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[44,15396,15398],{"className":46,"code":15397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15399,15400,15408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15401,15402,15404,15406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15403,1692],{"class":59},[53,15405,64],{"class":63},[53,15407,9705],{"class":67},[53,15409,15410,15412,15414,15416],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15411,115],{"class":114},[53,15413,102],{"class":67},[53,15415,1709],{"class":98},[53,15417,108],{"class":67},[44,15419,15420],{"className":46,"code":9273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,15421,15422,15432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15423,15424,15426,15428,15430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15425,1692],{"class":59},[53,15427,64],{"class":63},[53,15429,9038],{"class":2782},[53,15431,8510],{"class":67},[53,15433,15434,15436,15438,15440],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15435,115],{"class":114},[53,15437,102],{"class":67},[53,15439,1709],{"class":98},[53,15441,108],{"class":67},[14,15443,15444],{},[23,15445,328],{},[44,15447,15448],{"className":46,"code":9302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,15449,15450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15451,15452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15453,9302],{"class":67},[14,15455,15456],{},"Both are correct.",[830,15458,15460],{"id":15459},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15462,15463,15465,15466,15469],{},[18,15464,3671],{}," creates an empty ",[23,15467,15468],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15471,15472,15473,95],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15474,3676],{},[44,15476,15478],{"className":46,"code":15477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15479,15480,15488,15500,15504,15518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15481,15482,15484,15486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15483,11592],{"class":59},[53,15485,64],{"class":63},[53,15487,9705],{"class":67},[53,15489,15490,15493,15495,15498],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15491,15492],{"class":59},"my_set ",[53,15494,64],{"class":63},[53,15496,15497],{"class":2782}," set",[53,15499,8510],{"class":67},[53,15501,15502],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15503,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15505,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,15507,115],{"class":114},[53,15509,102],{"class":67},[53,15511,3102],{"class":2782},[53,15513,102],{"class":67},[53,15515,11318],{"class":98},[53,15517,1907],{"class":67},[53,15519,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15531],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,15521,115],{"class":114},[53,15523,102],{"class":67},[53,15525,3102],{"class":2782},[53,15527,102],{"class":67},[53,15529,15530],{"class":98},"my_set",[53,15532,1907],{"class":67},[14,15534,15535],{},[23,15536,328],{},[44,15538,15540],{"className":46,"code":15539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15541,15542,15556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15543,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15545,3171],{"class":63},[53,15547,3174],{"class":1945},[53,15549,350],{"class":252},[53,15551,8689],{"class":256},[53,15553,341],{"class":252},[53,15555,3183],{"class":63},[53,15557,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15559,3171],{"class":63},[53,15561,3174],{"class":1945},[53,15563,350],{"class":252},[53,15565,6159],{"class":256},[53,15567,341],{"class":252},[53,15569,3183],{"class":63},[39,15571,15573,15574],{"id":15572},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15575,8988],{},[14,15577,15578,15579,15581],{},"You can also use ",[18,15580,8988],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15583,15584],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[44,15586,15588],{"className":46,"code":15587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15589,15590,15630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15591,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15619,15621,15624,15626,15628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15593,12730],{"class":59},[53,15595,64],{"class":63},[53,15597,9038],{"class":2782},[53,15599,102],{"class":67},[53,15601,592],{"class":9043},[53,15603,64],{"class":63},[53,15605,253],{"class":252},[53,15607,12747],{"class":256},[53,15609,253],{"class":252},[53,15611,75],{"class":67},[53,15613,9056],{"class":9043},[53,15615,64],{"class":63},[53,15617,15618],{"class":71},"20",[53,15620,75],{"class":67},[53,15622,15623],{"class":9043}," active",[53,15625,64],{"class":63},[53,15627,573],{"class":369},[53,15629,108],{"class":67},[53,15631,15632,15634,15636,15638],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15633,115],{"class":114},[53,15635,102],{"class":67},[53,15637,13489],{"class":98},[53,15639,108],{"class":67},[14,15641,15642],{},[23,15643,328],{},[44,15645,15647],{"className":46,"code":15646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15648,15649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15650,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15686,15688,15690,15692],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15652,9145],{"class":67},[53,15654,341],{"class":252},[53,15656,592],{"class":256},[53,15658,341],{"class":252},[53,15660,597],{"class":67},[53,15662,350],{"class":252},[53,15664,12747],{"class":256},[53,15666,341],{"class":252},[53,15668,75],{"class":67},[53,15670,350],{"class":252},[53,15672,9166],{"class":256},[53,15674,341],{"class":252},[53,15676,597],{"class":67},[53,15678,7658],{"class":71},[53,15680,75],{"class":67},[53,15682,350],{"class":252},[53,15684,15685],{"class":256},"active",[53,15687,341],{"class":252},[53,15689,597],{"class":67},[53,15691,674],{"class":369},[53,15693,9176],{"class":67},[14,15695,15696],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[830,15698,15700,15701],{"id":15699},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15702,8988],{},[14,15704,15705],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[140,15707,15708,15711],{},[143,15709,15710],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[143,15712,15713],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15715,6557],{},[44,15717,15719],{"className":46,"code":15718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15720,15721,15751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15722,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15724,11355],{"class":59},[53,15726,64],{"class":63},[53,15728,9038],{"class":2782},[53,15730,102],{"class":67},[53,15732,592],{"class":9043},[53,15734,64],{"class":63},[53,15736,253],{"class":252},[53,15738,602],{"class":256},[53,15740,253],{"class":252},[53,15742,75],{"class":67},[53,15744,9056],{"class":9043},[53,15746,64],{"class":63},[53,15748,9061],{"class":71},[53,15750,108],{"class":67},[53,15752,15753,15755,15757,15759],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15754,115],{"class":114},[53,15756,102],{"class":67},[53,15758,11449],{"class":98},[53,15760,108],{"class":67},[14,15762,4502,15763,15765],{},[23,15764,36],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[44,15767,15769],{"className":46,"code":15768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15770,15771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15772,15773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15774,15768],{"class":127},[14,15776,15777],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15779,15780],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[44,15782,15784],{"className":46,"code":15783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15785,15786,15794,15810,15814,15818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15787,15788,15790,15792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15789,11355],{"class":59},[53,15791,64],{"class":63},[53,15793,11360],{"class":67},[53,15795,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15797,11365],{"class":252},[53,15799,10362],{"class":256},[53,15801,253],{"class":252},[53,15803,597],{"class":67},[53,15805,264],{"class":252},[53,15807,602],{"class":256},[53,15809,3239],{"class":252},[53,15811,15812],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15813,9176],{"class":67},[53,15815,15816],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,15817,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,15821,115],{"class":114},[53,15823,102],{"class":67},[53,15825,11449],{"class":98},[53,15827,108],{"class":67},[39,15829,9312],{"id":9311},[14,15831,15832,15834],{},[18,15833,8988],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15836,15837],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[44,15839,15841],{"className":46,"code":15840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15842,15843,15900,15904,15918,15922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15844,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15896,15898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15846,9082],{"class":59},[53,15848,64],{"class":63},[53,15850,9087],{"class":67},[53,15852,253],{"class":252},[53,15854,592],{"class":256},[53,15856,253],{"class":252},[53,15858,75],{"class":67},[53,15860,264],{"class":252},[53,15862,12747],{"class":256},[53,15864,253],{"class":252},[53,15866,9100],{"class":67},[53,15868,9103],{"class":67},[53,15870,253],{"class":252},[53,15872,9166],{"class":256},[53,15874,253],{"class":252},[53,15876,75],{"class":67},[53,15878,7658],{"class":71},[53,15880,9100],{"class":67},[53,15882,9103],{"class":67},[53,15884,253],{"class":252},[53,15886,10276],{"class":256},[53,15888,253],{"class":252},[53,15890,75],{"class":67},[53,15892,264],{"class":252},[53,15894,15895],{"class":256},"Lima",[53,15897,253],{"class":252},[53,15899,9116],{"class":67},[53,15901,15902],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,15903,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15905,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,15907,12730],{"class":59},[53,15909,64],{"class":63},[53,15911,9038],{"class":2782},[53,15913,102],{"class":67},[53,15915,9129],{"class":98},[53,15917,108],{"class":67},[53,15919,15920],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,15921,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,15923,15924,15926,15928,15930],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,15925,115],{"class":114},[53,15927,102],{"class":67},[53,15929,13489],{"class":98},[53,15931,108],{"class":67},[14,15933,15934],{},[23,15935,328],{},[44,15937,15939],{"className":46,"code":15938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,15940,15941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15942,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15944,9145],{"class":67},[53,15946,341],{"class":252},[53,15948,592],{"class":256},[53,15950,341],{"class":252},[53,15952,597],{"class":67},[53,15954,350],{"class":252},[53,15956,12747],{"class":256},[53,15958,341],{"class":252},[53,15960,75],{"class":67},[53,15962,350],{"class":252},[53,15964,9166],{"class":256},[53,15966,341],{"class":252},[53,15968,597],{"class":67},[53,15970,7658],{"class":71},[53,15972,75],{"class":67},[53,15974,350],{"class":252},[53,15976,10276],{"class":256},[53,15978,341],{"class":252},[53,15980,597],{"class":67},[53,15982,350],{"class":252},[53,15984,15895],{"class":256},[53,15986,341],{"class":252},[53,15988,9176],{"class":67},[14,15990,15991],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[44,15993,15995],{"className":46,"code":15994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,15996,15997,16038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15998,15999,16001,16003,16005,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16000,12730],{"class":59},[53,16002,64],{"class":63},[53,16004,9038],{"class":2782},[53,16006,16007],{"class":67},"(((",[53,16009,253],{"class":252},[53,16011,592],{"class":256},[53,16013,253],{"class":252},[53,16015,75],{"class":67},[53,16017,264],{"class":252},[53,16019,12747],{"class":256},[53,16021,253],{"class":252},[53,16023,9100],{"class":67},[53,16025,9103],{"class":67},[53,16027,253],{"class":252},[53,16029,9166],{"class":256},[53,16031,253],{"class":252},[53,16033,75],{"class":67},[53,16035,7658],{"class":71},[53,16037,2793],{"class":67},[53,16039,16040,16042,16044,16046],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16041,115],{"class":114},[53,16043,102],{"class":67},[53,16045,13489],{"class":98},[53,16047,108],{"class":67},[14,16049,16050],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[39,16052,16054],{"id":16053},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16056,16057],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[140,16059,16060,16063,16066,16069],{},[143,16061,16062],{},"Keys must be unique",[143,16064,16065],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[143,16067,16068],{},"Values can repeat",[143,16070,16071],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[830,16073,16075],{"id":16074},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[44,16077,16079],{"className":46,"code":16078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16080,16081,16089,16107,16124,16128,16132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16082,16083,16085,16087],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16084,1692],{"class":59},[53,16086,64],{"class":63},[53,16088,11360],{"class":67},[53,16090,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16092,11365],{"class":252},[53,16094,592],{"class":256},[53,16096,253],{"class":252},[53,16098,597],{"class":67},[53,16100,264],{"class":252},[53,16102,12747],{"class":256},[53,16104,253],{"class":252},[53,16106,11381],{"class":67},[53,16108,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16122],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16110,11365],{"class":252},[53,16112,592],{"class":256},[53,16114,253],{"class":252},[53,16116,597],{"class":67},[53,16118,264],{"class":252},[53,16120,16121],{"class":256},"Maria",[53,16123,3239],{"class":252},[53,16125,16126],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16127,9176],{"class":67},[53,16129,16130],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16131,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,16133,16134,16136,16138,16140],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,16135,115],{"class":114},[53,16137,102],{"class":67},[53,16139,1709],{"class":98},[53,16141,108],{"class":67},[14,16143,16144],{},[23,16145,328],{},[44,16147,16149],{"className":46,"code":16148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16150,16151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16152,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16154,9145],{"class":67},[53,16156,341],{"class":252},[53,16158,592],{"class":256},[53,16160,341],{"class":252},[53,16162,597],{"class":67},[53,16164,350],{"class":252},[53,16166,16121],{"class":256},[53,16168,341],{"class":252},[53,16170,9176],{"class":67},[14,16172,16173],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[830,16175,16177],{"id":16176},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[44,16179,16181],{"className":46,"code":16180,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16182,16183,16191,16207,16223,16237,16241,16245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16184,16185,16187,16189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16186,4938],{"class":59},[53,16188,64],{"class":63},[53,16190,11360],{"class":67},[53,16192,16193,16196,16198,16200,16203,16205],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16194,16195],{"class":71},"    1",[53,16197,597],{"class":67},[53,16199,264],{"class":252},[53,16201,16202],{"class":256},"low",[53,16204,253],{"class":252},[53,16206,11381],{"class":67},[53,16208,16209,16212,16214,16216,16219,16221],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16210,16211],{"class":71},"    2",[53,16213,597],{"class":67},[53,16215,264],{"class":252},[53,16217,16218],{"class":256},"medium",[53,16220,253],{"class":252},[53,16222,11381],{"class":67},[53,16224,16225,16228,16230,16232,16235],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16226,16227],{"class":71},"    3",[53,16229,597],{"class":67},[53,16231,264],{"class":252},[53,16233,16234],{"class":256},"high",[53,16236,3239],{"class":252},[53,16238,16239],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16240,9176],{"class":67},[53,16242,16243],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,16244,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,16246,16247,16249,16251,16254],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,16248,115],{"class":114},[53,16250,102],{"class":67},[53,16252,16253],{"class":98},"scores",[53,16255,108],{"class":67},[830,16257,16259],{"id":16258},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16261,16262],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16264,16265],{},"This will cause an error:",[44,16267,16269],{"className":46,"code":16268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16270,16271,16276,16281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16272,16273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16274,16275],{"class":127},"# bad = {\n",[53,16277,16278],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16279,16280],{"class":127},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[53,16282,16283],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16284,16285],{"class":127},"# }\n",[14,16287,16288],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[44,16290,16292],{"className":46,"code":16291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16293,16294,16303,16323,16327,16331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16295,16296,16299,16301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16297,16298],{"class":59},"good ",[53,16300,64],{"class":63},[53,16302,11360],{"class":67},[53,16304,16305,16308,16310,16312,16314,16317,16319,16321],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16306,16307],{"class":67},"    (",[53,16309,72],{"class":71},[53,16311,75],{"class":67},[53,16313,78],{"class":71},[53,16315,16316],{"class":67},"):",[53,16318,264],{"class":252},[53,16320,92],{"class":256},[53,16322,3239],{"class":252},[53,16324,16325],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16326,9176],{"class":67},[53,16328,16329],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16330,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,16332,16333,16335,16337,16340],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16334,115],{"class":114},[53,16336,102],{"class":67},[53,16338,16339],{"class":98},"good",[53,16341,108],{"class":67},[39,16343,16345],{"id":16344},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16347,16348],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16350,16351],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[140,16353,16354,16357,16359,16362],{},[143,16355,16356],{},"user data",[143,16358,13748],{},[143,16360,16361],{},"counters",[143,16363,16364],{},"lookups",[14,16366,235],{},[44,16368,16370],{"className":46,"code":16369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16371,16372,16380,16399,16418,16430,16434,16438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16373,16374,16376,16378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16375,11355],{"class":59},[53,16377,64],{"class":63},[53,16379,11360],{"class":67},[53,16381,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16395,16397],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16383,11365],{"class":252},[53,16385,7852],{"class":256},[53,16387,253],{"class":252},[53,16389,597],{"class":67},[53,16391,264],{"class":252},[53,16393,16394],{"class":256},"ana123",[53,16396,253],{"class":252},[53,16398,11381],{"class":67},[53,16400,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16414,16416],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16402,11365],{"class":252},[53,16404,15122],{"class":256},[53,16406,253],{"class":252},[53,16408,597],{"class":67},[53,16410,264],{"class":252},[53,16412,16413],{"class":256},"ana@example.com",[53,16415,253],{"class":252},[53,16417,11381],{"class":67},[53,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16421,11365],{"class":252},[53,16423,12380],{"class":256},[53,16425,253],{"class":252},[53,16427,597],{"class":67},[53,16429,6294],{"class":369},[53,16431,16432],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16433,9176],{"class":67},[53,16435,16436],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,16437,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,16439,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452,16454],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,16441,115],{"class":114},[53,16443,102],{"class":67},[53,16445,11449],{"class":98},[53,16447,338],{"class":67},[53,16449,253],{"class":252},[53,16451,15122],{"class":256},[53,16453,253],{"class":252},[53,16455,632],{"class":67},[14,16457,16458,16459,95],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[183,16460,16462],{"href":16461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16464,16465],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[140,16467,16468,16471,16474],{},[143,16469,16470],{},"labels are not needed",[143,16472,16473],{},"you mostly care about position",[143,16475,16476],{},"order matters more than named fields",[39,16478,2709],{"id":2708},[14,16480,16481],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[140,16483,16484,16487,16490,16493,16496],{},[143,16485,16486],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[143,16488,16489],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[143,16491,16492],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[143,16494,16495],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[143,16497,16498,16499,16501],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16500,3671],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[830,16503,16505],{"id":16504},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16507,16508],{},"Wrong:",[44,16510,16512],{"className":46,"code":16511,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16513,16514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16515,16516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16517,16511],{"class":127},[14,16519,16520],{},"Correct:",[44,16522,16524],{"className":46,"code":16523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16525,16526,16550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16527,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16529,12730],{"class":59},[53,16531,64],{"class":63},[53,16533,679],{"class":67},[53,16535,253],{"class":252},[53,16537,592],{"class":256},[53,16539,253],{"class":252},[53,16541,597],{"class":67},[53,16543,264],{"class":252},[53,16545,12747],{"class":256},[53,16547,253],{"class":252},[53,16549,9176],{"class":67},[53,16551,16552,16554,16556,16558],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16553,115],{"class":114},[53,16555,102],{"class":67},[53,16557,13489],{"class":98},[53,16559,108],{"class":67},[830,16561,16563],{"id":16562},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16565,16508],{},[44,16567,16569],{"className":46,"code":16568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16570,16571],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16572,16573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16574,16568],{"class":127},[14,16576,16577,16578,16580,16581,16583],{},"This only works if ",[18,16579,592],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16582,15103],{},", use quotes.",[14,16585,16520],{},[44,16587,16588],{"className":46,"code":16523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,16589,16590,16614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16591,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16593,12730],{"class":59},[53,16595,64],{"class":63},[53,16597,679],{"class":67},[53,16599,253],{"class":252},[53,16601,592],{"class":256},[53,16603,253],{"class":252},[53,16605,597],{"class":67},[53,16607,264],{"class":252},[53,16609,12747],{"class":256},[53,16611,253],{"class":252},[53,16613,9176],{"class":67},[53,16615,16616,16618,16620,16622],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16617,115],{"class":114},[53,16619,102],{"class":67},[53,16621,13489],{"class":98},[53,16623,108],{"class":67},[830,16625,16627],{"id":16626},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[44,16629,16631],{"className":46,"code":16630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16632,16633,16665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16634,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16636,1692],{"class":59},[53,16638,64],{"class":63},[53,16640,679],{"class":67},[53,16642,253],{"class":252},[53,16644,9166],{"class":256},[53,16646,253],{"class":252},[53,16648,597],{"class":67},[53,16650,7658],{"class":71},[53,16652,75],{"class":67},[53,16654,264],{"class":252},[53,16656,9166],{"class":256},[53,16658,253],{"class":252},[53,16660,597],{"class":67},[53,16662,7663],{"class":71},[53,16664,9176],{"class":67},[53,16666,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16668,115],{"class":114},[53,16670,102],{"class":67},[53,16672,1709],{"class":98},[53,16674,108],{"class":67},[14,16676,16677],{},[23,16678,328],{},[44,16680,16682],{"className":46,"code":16681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16683,16684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16685,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16687,9145],{"class":67},[53,16689,341],{"class":252},[53,16691,9166],{"class":256},[53,16693,341],{"class":252},[53,16695,597],{"class":67},[53,16697,7663],{"class":71},[53,16699,9176],{"class":67},[39,16701,16703],{"id":16702},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16705,16706],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[44,16708,16710],{"className":46,"code":16709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16711,16712,16748,16752,16762,16776,16791,16805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16713,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16715,11592],{"class":59},[53,16717,64],{"class":63},[53,16719,679],{"class":67},[53,16721,253],{"class":252},[53,16723,592],{"class":256},[53,16725,253],{"class":252},[53,16727,597],{"class":67},[53,16729,264],{"class":252},[53,16731,12747],{"class":256},[53,16733,253],{"class":252},[53,16735,75],{"class":67},[53,16737,264],{"class":252},[53,16739,9166],{"class":256},[53,16741,253],{"class":252},[53,16743,597],{"class":67},[53,16745,7658],{"class":71},[53,16747,9176],{"class":67},[53,16749,16750],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16751,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,16753,16754,16756,16758,16760],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16755,115],{"class":114},[53,16757,102],{"class":67},[53,16759,11318],{"class":98},[53,16761,108],{"class":67},[53,16763,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16765,115],{"class":114},[53,16767,102],{"class":67},[53,16769,3102],{"class":2782},[53,16771,102],{"class":67},[53,16773,11318],{"class":98},[53,16775,1907],{"class":67},[53,16777,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16789],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16779,115],{"class":114},[53,16781,102],{"class":67},[53,16783,11318],{"class":98},[53,16785,95],{"class":67},[53,16787,16788],{"class":98},"keys",[53,16790,7064],{"class":67},[53,16792,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,16794,115],{"class":114},[53,16796,102],{"class":67},[53,16798,11318],{"class":98},[53,16800,95],{"class":67},[53,16802,5233],{"class":98},[53,16804,7064],{"class":67},[53,16806,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,16808,115],{"class":114},[53,16810,102],{"class":67},[53,16812,11029],{"class":114},[53,16814,102],{"class":67},[53,16816,11318],{"class":98},[53,16818,1907],{"class":67},[14,16820,16821],{},[23,16822,16823],{},"Example output:",[44,16825,16827],{"className":46,"code":16826,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,16828,16829,16861,16875,16898,16917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16830,16831,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16832,9145],{"class":67},[53,16834,341],{"class":252},[53,16836,592],{"class":256},[53,16838,341],{"class":252},[53,16840,597],{"class":67},[53,16842,350],{"class":252},[53,16844,12747],{"class":256},[53,16846,341],{"class":252},[53,16848,75],{"class":67},[53,16850,350],{"class":252},[53,16852,9166],{"class":256},[53,16854,341],{"class":252},[53,16856,597],{"class":67},[53,16858,7658],{"class":71},[53,16860,9176],{"class":67},[53,16862,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,16864,3171],{"class":63},[53,16866,3174],{"class":1945},[53,16868,350],{"class":252},[53,16870,8689],{"class":256},[53,16872,341],{"class":252},[53,16874,3183],{"class":63},[53,16876,16877,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,16878,16879],{"class":98},"dict_keys",[53,16881,619],{"class":67},[53,16883,341],{"class":252},[53,16885,592],{"class":256},[53,16887,341],{"class":252},[53,16889,75],{"class":67},[53,16891,350],{"class":252},[53,16893,9166],{"class":256},[53,16895,341],{"class":252},[53,16897,632],{"class":67},[53,16899,16900,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,16901,16902],{"class":98},"dict_values",[53,16904,619],{"class":67},[53,16906,341],{"class":252},[53,16908,12747],{"class":256},[53,16910,341],{"class":252},[53,16912,75],{"class":67},[53,16914,7658],{"class":71},[53,16916,632],{"class":67},[53,16918,16919],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,16920,16921],{"class":71},"2\n",[14,16923,16924,16925,2072,16931,16937,16938,95],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[183,16926,10604,16928],{"href":16927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,16929,16930],{},"keys()",[183,16932,10604,16934],{"href":16933},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,16935,16936],{},"values()",", and ",[183,16939,10604,16941],{"href":16940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,16942,16943],{},"items()",[39,16945,1650],{"id":1649},[830,16947,16949],{"id":16948},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16951,131,16952,2758,16954,16956],{},[18,16953,3671],{},[18,16955,8988],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[830,16958,16960],{"id":16959},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16962,16963,16964,95],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,16965,16966],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[830,16968,16970],{"id":16969},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16972,16973],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[830,16975,16977],{"id":16976},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16979,16980],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[830,16982,5055,16984,4269,16986,2370],{"id":16983},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,16985,3671],{},[18,16987,8988],{},[14,16989,16990,16992,16993,16995],{},[18,16991,3671],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,16994,8988],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[39,16997,1782],{"id":1781},[140,16999,17000,17004,17010,17014,17020],{},[143,17001,17002],{},[183,17003,9024],{"href":9023},[143,17005,17006],{},[183,17007,10604,17008,10608],{"href":10603},[18,17009,10607],{},[143,17011,17012],{},[183,17013,11119],{"href":10598},[143,17015,17016],{},[183,17017,17019],{"href":17018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[143,17021,17022],{},[183,17023,11130],{"href":10941},[14,17025,17026],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1810,17028,17029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":17031},[17032,17033,17034,17035,17038,17041,17046,17047,17052,17053,17058,17059,17067],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":15043,"depth":89,"text":15031},{"id":15128,"depth":89,"text":15129,"children":17036},[17037],{"id":15280,"depth":111,"text":15281},{"id":9269,"depth":89,"text":9270,"children":17039},[17040],{"id":15459,"depth":111,"text":15460},{"id":15572,"depth":89,"text":17042,"children":17043},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17044],{"id":15699,"depth":111,"text":17045},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9311,"depth":89,"text":9312},{"id":16053,"depth":89,"text":16054,"children":17048},[17049,17050,17051],{"id":16074,"depth":111,"text":16075},{"id":16176,"depth":111,"text":16177},{"id":16258,"depth":111,"text":16259},{"id":16344,"depth":89,"text":16345},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":17054},[17055,17056,17057],{"id":16504,"depth":111,"text":16505},{"id":16562,"depth":111,"text":16563},{"id":16626,"depth":111,"text":16627},{"id":16702,"depth":89,"text":16703},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":17060},[17061,17062,17063,17064,17065],{"id":16948,"depth":111,"text":16949},{"id":16959,"depth":111,"text":16960},{"id":16969,"depth":111,"text":16970},{"id":16976,"depth":111,"text":16977},{"id":16983,"depth":111,"text":17066},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14868,"description":17068},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17074,"title":17075,"body":17076,"description":19524,"extension":1841,"meta":19525,"navigation":301,"path":19526,"seo":19527,"stem":19528,"__hash__":19529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17077,"toc":19480},[17078,17084,17090,17093,17096,17098,17180,17186,17191,17195,17213,17225,17230,17234,17257,17261,17273,17281,17285,17291,17293,17296,17369,17371,17416,17418,17435,17440,17446,17451,17525,17527,17572,17575,17586,17588,17707,17709,17762,17769,17773,17776,17793,17799,17803,17901,17903,17955,17962,17966,17972,17975,17978,18005,18010,18014,18017,18121,18123,18168,18171,18174,18179,18184,18195,18197,18258,18318,18324,18332,18338,18343,18348,18408,18412,18479,18482,18486,18557,18560,18573,18580,18582,18586,18590,18661,18663,18700,18703,18706,18769,18776,18778,18820,18830,18833,18902,18908,18913,18997,18999,19048,19055,19061,19106,19108,19141,19146,19150,19156,19195,19239,19307,19350,19352,19358,19361,19365,19370,19374,19377,19381,19383,19444,19446,19472,19477],[10,17079,11186,17081,11190],{"id":17080},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17082,17083],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17085,17086,17089],{},[18,17087,17088],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17091,17092],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17094,17095],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[39,17097,1882],{"id":1881},[44,17099,17101],{"className":46,"code":17100,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17102,17103,17136,17164,17175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17104,17105,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17106,17107],{"class":59},"keys ",[53,17109,64],{"class":63},[53,17111,68],{"class":67},[53,17113,253],{"class":252},[53,17115,592],{"class":256},[53,17117,253],{"class":252},[53,17119,75],{"class":67},[53,17121,264],{"class":252},[53,17123,9166],{"class":256},[53,17125,253],{"class":252},[53,17127,75],{"class":67},[53,17129,264],{"class":252},[53,17131,10276],{"class":256},[53,17133,253],{"class":252},[53,17135,86],{"class":67},[53,17137,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17160,17162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,17139,13069],{"class":59},[53,17141,64],{"class":63},[53,17143,9038],{"class":2782},[53,17145,95],{"class":67},[53,17147,17148],{"class":98},"fromkeys",[53,17150,102],{"class":67},[53,17152,16788],{"class":98},[53,17154,75],{"class":67},[53,17156,264],{"class":252},[53,17158,17159],{"class":256},"unknown",[53,17161,253],{"class":252},[53,17163,108],{"class":67},[53,17165,17166,17168,17170,17173],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,17167,115],{"class":114},[53,17169,102],{"class":67},[53,17171,17172],{"class":98},"person",[53,17174,108],{"class":67},[53,17176,17177],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,17178,17179],{"class":127},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17181,131,17182,17185],{},[18,17183,17184],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[39,17187,3556,17189,3559],{"id":17188},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17190,17088],{},[14,17192,17193,597],{},[18,17194,17088],{},[140,17196,17197,17200,17203,17206],{},[143,17198,17199],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[143,17201,17202],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[143,17204,17205],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[143,17207,17208,17209,17212],{},"Is called as ",[18,17210,17211],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17214,17215,17216,17218,17219,17221,17222,95],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17217,8689],{},", so you write ",[18,17220,17211],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17223,17224],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17226,17227,17228,95],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[183,17229,9024],{"href":12890},[39,17231,17233],{"id":17232},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[44,17235,17237],{"className":46,"code":17236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17238,17239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17240,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17242,8689],{"class":2782},[53,17244,95],{"class":67},[53,17246,17148],{"class":98},[53,17248,102],{"class":67},[53,17250,3600],{"class":98},[53,17252,75],{"class":67},[53,17254,8299],{"class":98},[53,17256,108],{"class":67},[830,17258,17260],{"id":17259},"parameters","Parameters",[140,17262,17263,17268],{},[143,17264,17265,17267],{},[18,17266,3600],{},": the keys to use",[143,17269,17270,17272],{},[18,17271,2350],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17274,17275,17276,17278,17279,95],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17277,2350],{},", each key gets ",[18,17280,232],{},[830,17282,17284],{"id":17283},"return-value","Return value",[14,17286,17287,17288,95],{},"It returns a ",[23,17289,17290],{},"new dictionary",[39,17292,5660],{"id":5659},[14,17294,17295],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[44,17297,17299],{"className":46,"code":17298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17300,17301,17333,17355,17359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17302,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17304,17107],{"class":59},[53,17306,64],{"class":63},[53,17308,68],{"class":67},[53,17310,253],{"class":252},[53,17312,407],{"class":256},[53,17314,253],{"class":252},[53,17316,75],{"class":67},[53,17318,264],{"class":252},[53,17320,436],{"class":256},[53,17322,253],{"class":252},[53,17324,75],{"class":67},[53,17326,264],{"class":252},[53,17328,416],{"class":256},[53,17330,253],{"class":252},[53,17332,86],{"class":67},[53,17334,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,17336,398],{"class":59},[53,17338,64],{"class":63},[53,17340,9038],{"class":2782},[53,17342,95],{"class":67},[53,17344,17148],{"class":98},[53,17346,102],{"class":67},[53,17348,16788],{"class":98},[53,17350,75],{"class":67},[53,17352,3713],{"class":71},[53,17354,108],{"class":67},[53,17356,17357],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,17358,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17360,17361,17363,17365,17367],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,17362,115],{"class":114},[53,17364,102],{"class":67},[53,17366,425],{"class":98},[53,17368,108],{"class":67},[14,17370,328],{},[44,17372,17374],{"className":46,"code":17373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17375,17376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17377,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17379,9145],{"class":67},[53,17381,341],{"class":252},[53,17383,407],{"class":256},[53,17385,341],{"class":252},[53,17387,597],{"class":67},[53,17389,3713],{"class":71},[53,17391,75],{"class":67},[53,17393,350],{"class":252},[53,17395,436],{"class":256},[53,17397,341],{"class":252},[53,17399,597],{"class":67},[53,17401,3713],{"class":71},[53,17403,75],{"class":67},[53,17405,350],{"class":252},[53,17407,416],{"class":256},[53,17409,341],{"class":252},[53,17411,597],{"class":67},[53,17413,3713],{"class":71},[53,17415,9176],{"class":67},[14,17417,11551],{},[140,17419,17420,17425,17430],{},[143,17421,17422,17424],{},[18,17423,16788],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[143,17426,17427,17429],{},[18,17428,2000],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[143,17431,17432,17434],{},[18,17433,17088],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17436,17437,17438,95],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[183,17439,9259],{"href":12893},[39,17441,833,17443,17445],{"id":17442},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17444,17083],{}," without a value",[14,17447,17448,17449,95],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17450,232],{},[44,17452,17454],{"className":46,"code":17453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17455,17456,17490,17510,17514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17457,17458,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17486,17488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17459,17460],{"class":59},"fields ",[53,17462,64],{"class":63},[53,17464,68],{"class":67},[53,17466,253],{"class":252},[53,17468,7852],{"class":256},[53,17470,253],{"class":252},[53,17472,75],{"class":67},[53,17474,264],{"class":252},[53,17476,15122],{"class":256},[53,17478,253],{"class":252},[53,17480,75],{"class":67},[53,17482,264],{"class":252},[53,17484,17485],{"class":256},"password",[53,17487,253],{"class":252},[53,17489,86],{"class":67},[53,17491,17492,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,17493,17494],{"class":59},"user_data ",[53,17496,64],{"class":63},[53,17498,9038],{"class":2782},[53,17500,95],{"class":67},[53,17502,17148],{"class":98},[53,17504,102],{"class":67},[53,17506,17507],{"class":98},"fields",[53,17509,108],{"class":67},[53,17511,17512],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,17513,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17515,17516,17518,17520,17523],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,17517,115],{"class":114},[53,17519,102],{"class":67},[53,17521,17522],{"class":98},"user_data",[53,17524,108],{"class":67},[14,17526,328],{},[44,17528,17530],{"className":46,"code":17529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17531,17532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17533,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17535,9145],{"class":67},[53,17537,341],{"class":252},[53,17539,7852],{"class":256},[53,17541,341],{"class":252},[53,17543,597],{"class":67},[53,17545,3731],{"class":369},[53,17547,75],{"class":67},[53,17549,350],{"class":252},[53,17551,15122],{"class":256},[53,17553,341],{"class":252},[53,17555,597],{"class":67},[53,17557,3731],{"class":369},[53,17559,75],{"class":67},[53,17561,350],{"class":252},[53,17563,17485],{"class":256},[53,17565,341],{"class":252},[53,17567,597],{"class":67},[53,17569,3731],{"class":369},[53,17571,9176],{"class":67},[14,17573,17574],{},"This is useful when:",[140,17576,17577,17580,17583],{},[143,17578,17579],{},"You want to create the keys first",[143,17581,17582],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[143,17584,17585],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17587,235],{},[44,17589,17591],{"className":46,"code":17590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17592,17593,17625,17643,17647,17670,17693,17697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17594,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17596,17460],{"class":59},[53,17598,64],{"class":63},[53,17600,68],{"class":67},[53,17602,253],{"class":252},[53,17604,7852],{"class":256},[53,17606,253],{"class":252},[53,17608,75],{"class":67},[53,17610,264],{"class":252},[53,17612,15122],{"class":256},[53,17614,253],{"class":252},[53,17616,75],{"class":67},[53,17618,264],{"class":252},[53,17620,17485],{"class":256},[53,17622,253],{"class":252},[53,17624,86],{"class":67},[53,17626,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,17628,17494],{"class":59},[53,17630,64],{"class":63},[53,17632,9038],{"class":2782},[53,17634,95],{"class":67},[53,17636,17148],{"class":98},[53,17638,102],{"class":67},[53,17640,17507],{"class":98},[53,17642,108],{"class":67},[53,17644,17645],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,17646,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17648,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17668],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,17650,17522],{"class":59},[53,17652,338],{"class":67},[53,17654,253],{"class":252},[53,17656,7852],{"class":256},[53,17658,253],{"class":252},[53,17660,13138],{"class":67},[53,17662,13141],{"class":63},[53,17664,264],{"class":252},[53,17666,17667],{"class":256},"alice",[53,17669,3239],{"class":252},[53,17671,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17691],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,17673,17522],{"class":59},[53,17675,338],{"class":67},[53,17677,253],{"class":252},[53,17679,15122],{"class":256},[53,17681,253],{"class":252},[53,17683,13138],{"class":67},[53,17685,13141],{"class":63},[53,17687,264],{"class":252},[53,17689,17690],{"class":256},"alice@example.com",[53,17692,3239],{"class":252},[53,17694,17695],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,17696,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17698,17699,17701,17703,17705],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,17700,115],{"class":114},[53,17702,102],{"class":67},[53,17704,17522],{"class":98},[53,17706,108],{"class":67},[14,17708,328],{},[44,17710,17712],{"className":46,"code":17711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17713,17714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17715,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17717,9145],{"class":67},[53,17719,341],{"class":252},[53,17721,7852],{"class":256},[53,17723,341],{"class":252},[53,17725,597],{"class":67},[53,17727,350],{"class":252},[53,17729,17667],{"class":256},[53,17731,341],{"class":252},[53,17733,75],{"class":67},[53,17735,350],{"class":252},[53,17737,15122],{"class":256},[53,17739,341],{"class":252},[53,17741,597],{"class":67},[53,17743,350],{"class":252},[53,17745,17690],{"class":256},[53,17747,341],{"class":252},[53,17749,75],{"class":67},[53,17751,350],{"class":252},[53,17753,17485],{"class":256},[53,17755,341],{"class":252},[53,17757,597],{"class":67},[53,17759,3731],{"class":369},[53,17761,9176],{"class":67},[14,17763,17764,17765,95],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[183,17766,17768],{"href":17767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[39,17770,17772],{"id":17771},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17774,17775],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[140,17777,17778,17783,17788],{},[143,17779,17780,17782],{},[18,17781,3666],{}," (list)",[143,17784,17785,17787],{},[18,17786,3671],{}," (dictionary)",[143,17789,17790,17792],{},[18,17791,3676],{}," (set)",[14,17794,17795,17796,95],{},"All keys will point to the ",[23,17797,17798],{},"same object",[830,17800,17802],{"id":17801},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[44,17804,17806],{"className":46,"code":17805,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17807,17808,17840,17861,17865,17887,17891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17809,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17811,17107],{"class":59},[53,17813,64],{"class":63},[53,17815,68],{"class":67},[53,17817,253],{"class":252},[53,17819,183],{"class":256},[53,17821,253],{"class":252},[53,17823,75],{"class":67},[53,17825,264],{"class":252},[53,17827,1453],{"class":256},[53,17829,253],{"class":252},[53,17831,75],{"class":67},[53,17833,264],{"class":252},[53,17835,1428],{"class":256},[53,17837,253],{"class":252},[53,17839,86],{"class":67},[53,17841,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,17843,1692],{"class":59},[53,17845,64],{"class":63},[53,17847,9038],{"class":2782},[53,17849,95],{"class":67},[53,17851,17148],{"class":98},[53,17853,102],{"class":67},[53,17855,16788],{"class":98},[53,17857,75],{"class":67},[53,17859,17860],{"class":67}," [])\n",[53,17862,17863],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,17864,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17866,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,17868,1709],{"class":59},[53,17870,338],{"class":67},[53,17872,253],{"class":252},[53,17874,183],{"class":256},[53,17876,253],{"class":252},[53,17878,1252],{"class":67},[53,17880,99],{"class":98},[53,17882,102],{"class":67},[53,17884,72],{"class":71},[53,17886,108],{"class":67},[53,17888,17889],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,17890,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,17892,17893,17895,17897,17899],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,17894,115],{"class":114},[53,17896,102],{"class":67},[53,17898,1709],{"class":98},[53,17900,108],{"class":67},[14,17902,328],{},[44,17904,17906],{"className":46,"code":17905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,17907,17908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17909,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17911,9145],{"class":67},[53,17913,341],{"class":252},[53,17915,183],{"class":256},[53,17917,341],{"class":252},[53,17919,597],{"class":67},[53,17921,68],{"class":67},[53,17923,72],{"class":71},[53,17925,17926],{"class":67},"],",[53,17928,350],{"class":252},[53,17930,1453],{"class":256},[53,17932,341],{"class":252},[53,17934,597],{"class":67},[53,17936,68],{"class":67},[53,17938,72],{"class":71},[53,17940,17926],{"class":67},[53,17942,350],{"class":252},[53,17944,1428],{"class":256},[53,17946,341],{"class":252},[53,17948,597],{"class":67},[53,17950,68],{"class":67},[53,17952,72],{"class":71},[53,17954,13569],{"class":67},[14,17956,17957,17958,17961],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,17959,17960],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[830,17963,17965],{"id":17964},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17967,17968,17971],{},[18,17969,17970],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17973,17974],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17976,17977],{},"So this:",[44,17979,17981],{"className":46,"code":17980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,17982,17983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17984,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17986,1709],{"class":59},[53,17988,338],{"class":67},[53,17990,253],{"class":252},[53,17992,183],{"class":256},[53,17994,253],{"class":252},[53,17996,1252],{"class":67},[53,17998,99],{"class":98},[53,18000,102],{"class":67},[53,18002,72],{"class":71},[53,18004,108],{"class":67},[14,18006,18007,18008,95],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18009,17960],{},[830,18011,18013],{"id":18012},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18015,18016],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[44,18018,18020],{"className":46,"code":18019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18021,18022,18054,18081,18085,18107,18111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18023,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18025,17107],{"class":59},[53,18027,64],{"class":63},[53,18029,68],{"class":67},[53,18031,253],{"class":252},[53,18033,183],{"class":256},[53,18035,253],{"class":252},[53,18037,75],{"class":67},[53,18039,264],{"class":252},[53,18041,1453],{"class":256},[53,18043,253],{"class":252},[53,18045,75],{"class":67},[53,18047,264],{"class":252},[53,18049,1428],{"class":256},[53,18051,253],{"class":252},[53,18053,86],{"class":67},[53,18055,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18069,18071,18074,18076,18079],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18057,1692],{"class":59},[53,18059,64],{"class":63},[53,18061,679],{"class":67},[53,18063,14704],{"class":59},[53,18065,597],{"class":67},[53,18067,18068],{"class":67}," []",[53,18070,3755],{"class":1558},[53,18072,18073],{"class":59}," key ",[53,18075,1565],{"class":1558},[53,18077,18078],{"class":59}," keys",[53,18080,9176],{"class":67},[53,18082,18083],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18084,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,18086,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,18088,1709],{"class":59},[53,18090,338],{"class":67},[53,18092,253],{"class":252},[53,18094,183],{"class":256},[53,18096,253],{"class":252},[53,18098,1252],{"class":67},[53,18100,99],{"class":98},[53,18102,102],{"class":67},[53,18104,72],{"class":71},[53,18106,108],{"class":67},[53,18108,18109],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,18110,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,18114,115],{"class":114},[53,18116,102],{"class":67},[53,18118,1709],{"class":98},[53,18120,108],{"class":67},[14,18122,328],{},[44,18124,18126],{"className":46,"code":18125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18127,18128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18129,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18131,9145],{"class":67},[53,18133,341],{"class":252},[53,18135,183],{"class":256},[53,18137,341],{"class":252},[53,18139,597],{"class":67},[53,18141,68],{"class":67},[53,18143,72],{"class":71},[53,18145,17926],{"class":67},[53,18147,350],{"class":252},[53,18149,1453],{"class":256},[53,18151,341],{"class":252},[53,18153,597],{"class":67},[53,18155,18156],{"class":67}," [],",[53,18158,350],{"class":252},[53,18160,1428],{"class":256},[53,18162,341],{"class":252},[53,18164,597],{"class":67},[53,18166,18167],{"class":67}," []}\n",[14,18169,18170],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18172,18173],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[39,18175,4835,18177],{"id":18176},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18178,17083],{},[14,18180,18181,18183],{},[18,18182,17088],{}," is a good choice when:",[140,18185,18186,18189,18192],{},[143,18187,18188],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[143,18190,18191],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[143,18193,18194],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18196,2006],{},[44,18198,18200],{"className":46,"code":18199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18201,18202,18247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18203,18204,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18239,18241,18243,18245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18205,18206],{"class":59},"flags ",[53,18208,64],{"class":63},[53,18210,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18212,95],{"class":67},[53,18214,17148],{"class":98},[53,18216,619],{"class":67},[53,18218,253],{"class":252},[53,18220,18221],{"class":256},"is_admin",[53,18223,253],{"class":252},[53,18225,75],{"class":67},[53,18227,264],{"class":252},[53,18229,14942],{"class":256},[53,18231,253],{"class":252},[53,18233,75],{"class":67},[53,18235,264],{"class":252},[53,18237,18238],{"class":256},"is_verified",[53,18240,253],{"class":252},[53,18242,17926],{"class":67},[53,18244,3783],{"class":369},[53,18246,108],{"class":67},[53,18248,18249,18251,18253,18256],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18250,115],{"class":114},[53,18252,102],{"class":67},[53,18254,18255],{"class":98},"flags",[53,18257,108],{"class":67},[44,18259,18261],{"className":46,"code":18260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18262,18263,18308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18264,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18282,18284,18286,18288,18291,18293,18295,18297,18300,18302,18304,18306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18266,4938],{"class":59},[53,18268,64],{"class":63},[53,18270,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18272,95],{"class":67},[53,18274,17148],{"class":98},[53,18276,619],{"class":67},[53,18278,253],{"class":252},[53,18280,18281],{"class":256},"math",[53,18283,253],{"class":252},[53,18285,75],{"class":67},[53,18287,264],{"class":252},[53,18289,18290],{"class":256},"science",[53,18292,253],{"class":252},[53,18294,75],{"class":67},[53,18296,264],{"class":252},[53,18298,18299],{"class":256},"history",[53,18301,253],{"class":252},[53,18303,17926],{"class":67},[53,18305,3713],{"class":71},[53,18307,108],{"class":67},[53,18309,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18311,115],{"class":114},[53,18313,102],{"class":67},[53,18315,16253],{"class":98},[53,18317,108],{"class":67},[14,18319,18320,18321,18323],{},"It is ",[23,18322,36],{}," the best choice when:",[140,18325,18326,18329],{},[143,18327,18328],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[143,18330,18331],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[39,18333,18335,18337],{"id":18334},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18336,17083],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18339,18340,18342],{},[18,18341,17083],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[830,18344,833,18346],{"id":18345},"using-fromkeys",[18,18347,17083],{},[44,18349,18351],{"className":46,"code":18350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18352,18353,18398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18354,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18372,18374,18376,18378,18381,18383,18385,18387,18390,18392,18394,18396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18356,13689],{"class":59},[53,18358,64],{"class":63},[53,18360,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18362,95],{"class":67},[53,18364,17148],{"class":98},[53,18366,619],{"class":67},[53,18368,253],{"class":252},[53,18370,18371],{"class":256},"sound",[53,18373,253],{"class":252},[53,18375,75],{"class":67},[53,18377,264],{"class":252},[53,18379,18380],{"class":256},"music",[53,18382,253],{"class":252},[53,18384,75],{"class":67},[53,18386,264],{"class":252},[53,18388,18389],{"class":256},"notifications",[53,18391,253],{"class":252},[53,18393,17926],{"class":67},[53,18395,674],{"class":369},[53,18397,108],{"class":67},[53,18399,18400,18402,18404,18406],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18401,115],{"class":114},[53,18403,102],{"class":67},[53,18405,13748],{"class":98},[53,18407,108],{"class":67},[830,18409,18411],{"id":18410},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[44,18413,18415],{"className":46,"code":18414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18416,18417,18425,18439,18453,18465,18469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18418,18419,18421,18423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18420,13689],{"class":59},[53,18422,64],{"class":63},[53,18424,11360],{"class":67},[53,18426,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18428,11365],{"class":252},[53,18430,18371],{"class":256},[53,18432,253],{"class":252},[53,18434,597],{"class":67},[53,18436,674],{"class":369},[53,18438,11381],{"class":67},[53,18440,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18442,11365],{"class":252},[53,18444,18380],{"class":256},[53,18446,253],{"class":252},[53,18448,597],{"class":67},[53,18450,3783],{"class":369},[53,18452,11381],{"class":67},[53,18454,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,18456,11365],{"class":252},[53,18458,18389],{"class":256},[53,18460,253],{"class":252},[53,18462,597],{"class":67},[53,18464,6294],{"class":369},[53,18466,18467],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,18468,9176],{"class":67},[53,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,18472,115],{"class":114},[53,18474,102],{"class":67},[53,18476,13748],{"class":98},[53,18478,108],{"class":67},[14,18480,18481],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[830,18483,18485],{"id":18484},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[44,18487,18489],{"className":46,"code":18488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18490,18491,18523,18547],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18492,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18494,17107],{"class":59},[53,18496,64],{"class":63},[53,18498,68],{"class":67},[53,18500,253],{"class":252},[53,18502,183],{"class":256},[53,18504,253],{"class":252},[53,18506,75],{"class":67},[53,18508,264],{"class":252},[53,18510,1453],{"class":256},[53,18512,253],{"class":252},[53,18514,75],{"class":67},[53,18516,264],{"class":252},[53,18518,1428],{"class":256},[53,18520,253],{"class":252},[53,18522,86],{"class":67},[53,18524,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18526,1692],{"class":59},[53,18528,64],{"class":63},[53,18530,679],{"class":67},[53,18532,14704],{"class":59},[53,18534,597],{"class":67},[53,18536,18068],{"class":67},[53,18538,3755],{"class":1558},[53,18540,18073],{"class":59},[53,18542,1565],{"class":1558},[53,18544,18078],{"class":59},[53,18546,9176],{"class":67},[53,18548,18549,18551,18553,18555],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18550,115],{"class":114},[53,18552,102],{"class":67},[53,18554,1709],{"class":98},[53,18556,108],{"class":67},[14,18558,18559],{},"Use:",[140,18561,18562,18567,18570],{},[143,18563,18564,18566],{},[18,18565,17083],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[143,18568,18569],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[143,18571,18572],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18574,18575,18576,95],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[183,18577,10604,18578,10608],{"href":13895},[18,18579,14817],{},[39,18581,2709],{"id":2708},[14,18583,14596,18584,95],{},[18,18585,17088],{},[830,18587,18589],{"id":18588},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[44,18591,18593],{"className":46,"code":18592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18594,18595,18628,18651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18596,18597,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18598,18599],{"class":59},"d ",[53,18601,64],{"class":63},[53,18603,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18605,95],{"class":67},[53,18607,17148],{"class":98},[53,18609,619],{"class":67},[53,18611,253],{"class":252},[53,18613,183],{"class":256},[53,18615,253],{"class":252},[53,18617,75],{"class":67},[53,18619,264],{"class":252},[53,18621,1453],{"class":256},[53,18623,253],{"class":252},[53,18625,17926],{"class":67},[53,18627,17860],{"class":67},[53,18629,18630,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18631,18632],{"class":59},"d",[53,18634,338],{"class":67},[53,18636,253],{"class":252},[53,18638,183],{"class":256},[53,18640,253],{"class":252},[53,18642,1252],{"class":67},[53,18644,99],{"class":98},[53,18646,102],{"class":67},[53,18648,72],{"class":71},[53,18650,108],{"class":67},[53,18652,18653,18655,18657,18659],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18654,115],{"class":114},[53,18656,102],{"class":67},[53,18658,18632],{"class":98},[53,18660,108],{"class":67},[14,18662,328],{},[44,18664,18666],{"className":46,"code":18665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18667,18668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18671,9145],{"class":67},[53,18673,341],{"class":252},[53,18675,183],{"class":256},[53,18677,341],{"class":252},[53,18679,597],{"class":67},[53,18681,68],{"class":67},[53,18683,72],{"class":71},[53,18685,17926],{"class":67},[53,18687,350],{"class":252},[53,18689,1453],{"class":256},[53,18691,341],{"class":252},[53,18693,597],{"class":67},[53,18695,68],{"class":67},[53,18697,72],{"class":71},[53,18699,13569],{"class":67},[14,18701,18702],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18704,18705],{},"Use this instead:",[44,18707,18709],{"className":46,"code":18708,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18710,18711,18735,18759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18712,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18714,17107],{"class":59},[53,18716,64],{"class":63},[53,18718,68],{"class":67},[53,18720,253],{"class":252},[53,18722,183],{"class":256},[53,18724,253],{"class":252},[53,18726,75],{"class":67},[53,18728,264],{"class":252},[53,18730,1453],{"class":256},[53,18732,253],{"class":252},[53,18734,86],{"class":67},[53,18736,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18738,18599],{"class":59},[53,18740,64],{"class":63},[53,18742,679],{"class":67},[53,18744,14704],{"class":59},[53,18746,597],{"class":67},[53,18748,18068],{"class":67},[53,18750,3755],{"class":1558},[53,18752,18073],{"class":59},[53,18754,1565],{"class":1558},[53,18756,18078],{"class":59},[53,18758,9176],{"class":67},[53,18760,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18762,115],{"class":114},[53,18764,102],{"class":67},[53,18766,18632],{"class":98},[53,18768,108],{"class":67},[830,18770,18772,18773,18775],{"id":18771},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18774,17083],{}," on a list",[14,18777,1229],{},[44,18779,18781],{"className":46,"code":18780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18782,18783,18815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18784,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18786,17107],{"class":59},[53,18788,64],{"class":63},[53,18790,68],{"class":67},[53,18792,253],{"class":252},[53,18794,183],{"class":256},[53,18796,253],{"class":252},[53,18798,75],{"class":67},[53,18800,264],{"class":252},[53,18802,1453],{"class":256},[53,18804,253],{"class":252},[53,18806,75],{"class":67},[53,18808,264],{"class":252},[53,18810,1428],{"class":256},[53,18812,253],{"class":252},[53,18814,86],{"class":67},[53,18816,18817],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18818,18819],{"class":127},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18821,18822,18824,18825,18827,18828,95],{},[18,18823,17083],{}," belongs to ",[18,18826,8689],{},", not ",[18,18829,7961],{},[14,18831,18832],{},"Correct usage:",[44,18834,18836],{"className":46,"code":18835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18837,18838,18870,18892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18839,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18841,17107],{"class":59},[53,18843,64],{"class":63},[53,18845,68],{"class":67},[53,18847,253],{"class":252},[53,18849,183],{"class":256},[53,18851,253],{"class":252},[53,18853,75],{"class":67},[53,18855,264],{"class":252},[53,18857,1453],{"class":256},[53,18859,253],{"class":252},[53,18861,75],{"class":67},[53,18863,264],{"class":252},[53,18865,1428],{"class":256},[53,18867,253],{"class":252},[53,18869,86],{"class":67},[53,18871,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18873,18599],{"class":59},[53,18875,64],{"class":63},[53,18877,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18879,95],{"class":67},[53,18881,17148],{"class":98},[53,18883,102],{"class":67},[53,18885,16788],{"class":98},[53,18887,75],{"class":67},[53,18889,3713],{"class":71},[53,18891,108],{"class":67},[53,18893,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18895,115],{"class":114},[53,18897,102],{"class":67},[53,18899,18632],{"class":98},[53,18901,108],{"class":67},[830,18903,8319,18905,18907],{"id":18904},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18906,17083],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18909,18910,18912],{},[18,18911,17088],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[44,18914,18916],{"className":46,"code":18915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,18917,18918,18938,18972,18976,18986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18919,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18921,11951],{"class":59},[53,18923,64],{"class":63},[53,18925,679],{"class":67},[53,18927,253],{"class":252},[53,18929,2056],{"class":256},[53,18931,253],{"class":252},[53,18933,597],{"class":67},[53,18935,5371],{"class":71},[53,18937,9176],{"class":67},[53,18939,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,18941,12905],{"class":59},[53,18943,64],{"class":63},[53,18945,9038],{"class":2782},[53,18947,95],{"class":67},[53,18949,17148],{"class":98},[53,18951,619],{"class":67},[53,18953,253],{"class":252},[53,18955,183],{"class":256},[53,18957,253],{"class":252},[53,18959,75],{"class":67},[53,18961,264],{"class":252},[53,18963,1453],{"class":256},[53,18965,253],{"class":252},[53,18967,17926],{"class":67},[53,18969,3713],{"class":71},[53,18971,108],{"class":67},[53,18973,18974],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,18975,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,18977,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,18979,115],{"class":114},[53,18981,102],{"class":67},[53,18983,11998],{"class":98},[53,18985,108],{"class":67},[53,18987,18988,18990,18992,18995],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,18989,115],{"class":114},[53,18991,102],{"class":67},[53,18993,18994],{"class":98},"new_dict",[53,18996,108],{"class":67},[14,18998,328],{},[44,19000,19002],{"className":46,"code":19001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19003,19004,19020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19005,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19007,9145],{"class":67},[53,19009,341],{"class":252},[53,19011,2056],{"class":256},[53,19013,341],{"class":252},[53,19015,597],{"class":67},[53,19017,5371],{"class":71},[53,19019,9176],{"class":67},[53,19021,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19023,9145],{"class":67},[53,19025,341],{"class":252},[53,19027,183],{"class":256},[53,19029,341],{"class":252},[53,19031,597],{"class":67},[53,19033,3713],{"class":71},[53,19035,75],{"class":67},[53,19037,350],{"class":252},[53,19039,1453],{"class":256},[53,19041,341],{"class":252},[53,19043,597],{"class":67},[53,19045,3713],{"class":71},[53,19047,9176],{"class":67},[14,19049,19050,19051,95],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[183,19052,10604,19053,10608],{"href":13895},[18,19054,14817],{},[830,19056,19058,19059],{"id":19057},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19060,232],{},[44,19062,19064],{"className":46,"code":19063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19065,19066,19096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19069,18599],{"class":59},[53,19071,64],{"class":63},[53,19073,9038],{"class":2782},[53,19075,95],{"class":67},[53,19077,17148],{"class":98},[53,19079,619],{"class":67},[53,19081,253],{"class":252},[53,19083,2056],{"class":256},[53,19085,253],{"class":252},[53,19087,75],{"class":67},[53,19089,264],{"class":252},[53,19091,11613],{"class":256},[53,19093,253],{"class":252},[53,19095,632],{"class":67},[53,19097,19098,19100,19102,19104],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19099,115],{"class":114},[53,19101,102],{"class":67},[53,19103,18632],{"class":98},[53,19105,108],{"class":67},[14,19107,328],{},[44,19109,19111],{"className":46,"code":19110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19112,19113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19114,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19116,9145],{"class":67},[53,19118,341],{"class":252},[53,19120,2056],{"class":256},[53,19122,341],{"class":252},[53,19124,597],{"class":67},[53,19126,3731],{"class":369},[53,19128,75],{"class":67},[53,19130,350],{"class":252},[53,19132,11613],{"class":256},[53,19134,341],{"class":252},[53,19136,597],{"class":67},[53,19138,3731],{"class":369},[53,19140,9176],{"class":67},[14,19142,19143,19144,95],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19145,232],{},[39,19147,19149],{"id":19148},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19151,19152,19153,19155],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19154,17083],{}," works.",[44,19157,19159],{"className":46,"code":19158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19160,19161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19162,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19164,115],{"class":114},[53,19166,102],{"class":67},[53,19168,8689],{"class":2782},[53,19170,95],{"class":67},[53,19172,17148],{"class":98},[53,19174,619],{"class":67},[53,19176,253],{"class":252},[53,19178,183],{"class":256},[53,19180,253],{"class":252},[53,19182,75],{"class":67},[53,19184,264],{"class":252},[53,19186,1453],{"class":256},[53,19188,253],{"class":252},[53,19190,17926],{"class":67},[53,19192,3713],{"class":71},[53,19194,1907],{"class":67},[44,19196,19197],{"className":46,"code":19063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,19198,19199,19229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19200,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19202,18599],{"class":59},[53,19204,64],{"class":63},[53,19206,9038],{"class":2782},[53,19208,95],{"class":67},[53,19210,17148],{"class":98},[53,19212,619],{"class":67},[53,19214,253],{"class":252},[53,19216,2056],{"class":256},[53,19218,253],{"class":252},[53,19220,75],{"class":67},[53,19222,264],{"class":252},[53,19224,11613],{"class":256},[53,19226,253],{"class":252},[53,19228,632],{"class":67},[53,19230,19231,19233,19235,19237],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19232,115],{"class":114},[53,19234,102],{"class":67},[53,19236,18632],{"class":98},[53,19238,108],{"class":67},[44,19240,19241],{"className":46,"code":18592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,19242,19243,19275,19297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19244,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19246,18599],{"class":59},[53,19248,64],{"class":63},[53,19250,9038],{"class":2782},[53,19252,95],{"class":67},[53,19254,17148],{"class":98},[53,19256,619],{"class":67},[53,19258,253],{"class":252},[53,19260,183],{"class":256},[53,19262,253],{"class":252},[53,19264,75],{"class":67},[53,19266,264],{"class":252},[53,19268,1453],{"class":256},[53,19270,253],{"class":252},[53,19272,17926],{"class":67},[53,19274,17860],{"class":67},[53,19276,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19278,18632],{"class":59},[53,19280,338],{"class":67},[53,19282,253],{"class":252},[53,19284,183],{"class":256},[53,19286,253],{"class":252},[53,19288,1252],{"class":67},[53,19290,99],{"class":98},[53,19292,102],{"class":67},[53,19294,72],{"class":71},[53,19296,108],{"class":67},[53,19298,19299,19301,19303,19305],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,19300,115],{"class":114},[53,19302,102],{"class":67},[53,19304,18632],{"class":98},[53,19306,108],{"class":67},[44,19308,19310],{"className":46,"code":19309,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19311,19312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19313,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19315,115],{"class":114},[53,19317,102],{"class":67},[53,19319,3102],{"class":2782},[53,19321,102],{"class":67},[53,19323,8689],{"class":2782},[53,19325,95],{"class":67},[53,19327,17148],{"class":98},[53,19329,619],{"class":67},[53,19331,72],{"class":71},[53,19333,75],{"class":67},[53,19335,78],{"class":71},[53,19337,75],{"class":67},[53,19339,83],{"class":71},[53,19341,17926],{"class":67},[53,19343,264],{"class":252},[53,19345,2350],{"class":256},[53,19347,253],{"class":252},[53,19349,2793],{"class":67},[39,19351,1650],{"id":1649},[830,19353,12570,19355,19357],{"id":19354},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19356,17083],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19359,19360],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[830,19362,19364],{"id":19363},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19366,19367,19368,95],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19369,232],{},[830,19371,19373],{"id":19372},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19375,19376],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[830,19378,19380],{"id":19379},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19382,18016],{},[44,19384,19386],{"className":46,"code":19385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19387,19388,19420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19389,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19391,17107],{"class":59},[53,19393,64],{"class":63},[53,19395,68],{"class":67},[53,19397,253],{"class":252},[53,19399,183],{"class":256},[53,19401,253],{"class":252},[53,19403,75],{"class":67},[53,19405,264],{"class":252},[53,19407,1453],{"class":256},[53,19409,253],{"class":252},[53,19411,75],{"class":67},[53,19413,264],{"class":252},[53,19415,1428],{"class":256},[53,19417,253],{"class":252},[53,19419,86],{"class":67},[53,19421,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19423,1692],{"class":59},[53,19425,64],{"class":63},[53,19427,679],{"class":67},[53,19429,14704],{"class":59},[53,19431,597],{"class":67},[53,19433,18068],{"class":67},[53,19435,3755],{"class":1558},[53,19437,18073],{"class":59},[53,19439,1565],{"class":1558},[53,19441,18078],{"class":59},[53,19443,9176],{"class":67},[39,19445,1782],{"id":1781},[140,19447,19448,19452,19456,19460,19466],{},[143,19449,19450],{},[183,19451,11110],{"href":12893},[143,19453,19454],{},[183,19455,9024],{"href":12890},[143,19457,19458],{},[183,19459,11119],{"href":17767},[143,19461,19462],{},[183,19463,10604,19464,10608],{"href":13895},[18,19465,14817],{},[143,19467,19468],{},[183,19469,10604,19470,10608],{"href":14862},[18,19471,12643],{},[14,19473,131,19474,19476],{},[18,19475,17088],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1810,19478,19479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":19481},[19482,19483,19485,19489,19490,19492,19497,19499,19506,19515,19516,19523],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":17188,"depth":89,"text":19484},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17232,"depth":89,"text":17233,"children":19486},[19487,19488],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":17283,"depth":111,"text":17284},{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":17442,"depth":89,"text":19491},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17771,"depth":89,"text":17772,"children":19493},[19494,19495,19496],{"id":17801,"depth":111,"text":17802},{"id":17964,"depth":111,"text":17965},{"id":18012,"depth":111,"text":18013},{"id":18176,"depth":89,"text":19498},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18334,"depth":89,"text":19500,"children":19501},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19502,19504,19505],{"id":18345,"depth":111,"text":19503},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18410,"depth":111,"text":18411},{"id":18484,"depth":111,"text":18485},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":19507},[19508,19509,19511,19513],{"id":18588,"depth":111,"text":18589},{"id":18771,"depth":111,"text":19510},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18904,"depth":111,"text":19512},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19057,"depth":111,"text":19514},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19148,"depth":89,"text":19149},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":19517},[19518,19520,19521,19522],{"id":19354,"depth":111,"text":19519},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19363,"depth":111,"text":19364},{"id":19372,"depth":111,"text":19373},{"id":19379,"depth":111,"text":19380},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17075,"description":19524},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19531,"title":19532,"body":19533,"description":21363,"extension":1841,"meta":21364,"navigation":301,"path":21365,"seo":21366,"stem":21367,"__hash__":21368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19534,"toc":21330},[19535,19540,19546,19557,19687,19694,19699,19703,19719,19721,19819,19822,19839,19843,19845,19850,19888,19891,19909,19911,20029,20034,20038,20054,20057,20193,20196,20201,20207,20210,20247,20250,20254,20259,20335,20339,20344,20426,20428,20444,20449,20453,20459,20528,20531,20548,20551,20633,20639,20642,20662,20666,20671,20677,20683,20754,20757,20763,20766,20840,20847,20853,20861,20871,20873,20968,20974,20979,21066,21072,21074,21079,21101,21104,21199,21202,21233,21246,21248,21256,21262,21268,21271,21277,21282,21289,21294,21296,21327],[10,19536,11186,19538,11190],{"id":19537},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19539,10607],{},[14,19541,19542,19543,19545],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19544,10607],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19547,19548,19549,2072,19552,1129,19554,19556],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19550,19551],{},"KeyError",[18,19553,10607],{},[18,19555,232],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[44,19558,19560],{"className":46,"code":19559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19561,19562,19598,19602,19628,19653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19563,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19565,13069],{"class":59},[53,19567,64],{"class":63},[53,19569,679],{"class":67},[53,19571,253],{"class":252},[53,19573,592],{"class":256},[53,19575,253],{"class":252},[53,19577,597],{"class":67},[53,19579,264],{"class":252},[53,19581,12747],{"class":256},[53,19583,253],{"class":252},[53,19585,75],{"class":67},[53,19587,264],{"class":252},[53,19589,9166],{"class":256},[53,19591,253],{"class":252},[53,19593,597],{"class":67},[53,19595,9173],{"class":71},[53,19597,9176],{"class":67},[53,19599,19600],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19601,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,19603,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,19605,115],{"class":114},[53,19607,102],{"class":67},[53,19609,17172],{"class":98},[53,19611,95],{"class":67},[53,19613,19614],{"class":98},"get",[53,19616,102],{"class":67},[53,19618,253],{"class":252},[53,19620,592],{"class":256},[53,19622,253],{"class":252},[53,19624,5236],{"class":67},[53,19626,19627],{"class":127},"           # Ana\n",[53,19629,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,19631,115],{"class":114},[53,19633,102],{"class":67},[53,19635,17172],{"class":98},[53,19637,95],{"class":67},[53,19639,19614],{"class":98},[53,19641,102],{"class":67},[53,19643,253],{"class":252},[53,19645,10276],{"class":256},[53,19647,253],{"class":252},[53,19649,5236],{"class":67},[53,19651,19652],{"class":127},"           # None\n",[53,19654,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19680,19682,19684],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,19656,115],{"class":114},[53,19658,102],{"class":67},[53,19660,17172],{"class":98},[53,19662,95],{"class":67},[53,19664,19614],{"class":98},[53,19666,102],{"class":67},[53,19668,253],{"class":252},[53,19670,10276],{"class":256},[53,19672,253],{"class":252},[53,19674,75],{"class":67},[53,19676,264],{"class":252},[53,19678,19679],{"class":256},"N\u002FA",[53,19681,253],{"class":252},[53,19683,5236],{"class":67},[53,19685,19686],{"class":127},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19688,131,19689,19691,19692,95],{},[18,19690,10607],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19693,19551],{},[39,19695,3556,19697,3559],{"id":19696},"what-get-does",[18,19698,10607],{},[14,19700,16,19701,11281],{},[18,19702,10607],{},[140,19704,19705,19708,19713,19716],{},[143,19706,19707],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[143,19709,11292,19710,19712],{},[18,19711,232],{}," if the key does not exist",[143,19714,19715],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[143,19717,19718],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19720,235],{},[44,19722,19724],{"className":46,"code":19723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19725,19726,19765,19769,19794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19727,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19747,19749,19751,19753,19756,19758,19760,19763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19729,12730],{"class":59},[53,19731,64],{"class":63},[53,19733,679],{"class":67},[53,19735,253],{"class":252},[53,19737,592],{"class":256},[53,19739,253],{"class":252},[53,19741,597],{"class":67},[53,19743,264],{"class":252},[53,19745,19746],{"class":256},"Lina",[53,19748,253],{"class":252},[53,19750,75],{"class":67},[53,19752,264],{"class":252},[53,19754,19755],{"class":256},"grade",[53,19757,253],{"class":252},[53,19759,597],{"class":67},[53,19761,19762],{"class":71}," 90",[53,19764,9176],{"class":67},[53,19766,19767],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19768,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,19770,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,19772,115],{"class":114},[53,19774,102],{"class":67},[53,19776,13489],{"class":98},[53,19778,95],{"class":67},[53,19780,19614],{"class":98},[53,19782,102],{"class":67},[53,19784,253],{"class":252},[53,19786,592],{"class":256},[53,19788,253],{"class":252},[53,19790,5236],{"class":67},[53,19792,19793],{"class":127},"     # Lina\n",[53,19795,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,19797,115],{"class":114},[53,19799,102],{"class":67},[53,19801,13489],{"class":98},[53,19803,95],{"class":67},[53,19805,19614],{"class":98},[53,19807,102],{"class":67},[53,19809,253],{"class":252},[53,19811,15122],{"class":256},[53,19813,253],{"class":252},[53,19815,5236],{"class":67},[53,19817,19818],{"class":127},"    # None\n",[14,19820,19821],{},"In this example:",[140,19823,19824,19829],{},[143,19825,19826,19828],{},[18,19827,15103],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[143,19830,19831,19834,19835,1129,19837],{},[18,19832,19833],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,19836,10607],{},[18,19838,232],{},[14,19840,12887,19841,95],{},[183,19842,9024],{"href":9023},[39,19844,2039],{"id":2038},[14,19846,19847,19848,597],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,19849,10607],{},[44,19851,19853],{"className":46,"code":19852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,19854,19855,19869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19856,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19858,15468],{"class":59},[53,19860,95],{"class":67},[53,19862,19614],{"class":98},[53,19864,102],{"class":67},[53,19866,14704],{"class":98},[53,19868,108],{"class":67},[53,19870,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19886],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19872,15468],{"class":59},[53,19874,95],{"class":67},[53,19876,19614],{"class":98},[53,19878,102],{"class":67},[53,19880,14704],{"class":98},[53,19882,75],{"class":67},[53,19884,19885],{"class":98}," default_value",[53,19887,108],{"class":67},[14,19889,19890],{},"What each part means:",[140,19892,19893,19898,19904],{},[143,19894,19895,19897],{},[18,19896,14704],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[143,19899,19900,19903],{},[18,19901,19902],{},"default_value"," is optional",[143,19905,19906,19907],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,19908,232],{},[14,19910,235],{},[44,19912,19914],{"className":46,"code":19913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,19915,19916,19940,19944,19969,19995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19917,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19919,13689],{"class":59},[53,19921,64],{"class":63},[53,19923,679],{"class":67},[53,19925,253],{"class":252},[53,19927,12360],{"class":256},[53,19929,253],{"class":252},[53,19931,597],{"class":67},[53,19933,264],{"class":252},[53,19935,12369],{"class":256},[53,19937,253],{"class":252},[53,19939,9176],{"class":67},[53,19941,19942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,19943,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,19945,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,19947,115],{"class":114},[53,19949,102],{"class":67},[53,19951,13748],{"class":98},[53,19953,95],{"class":67},[53,19955,19614],{"class":98},[53,19957,102],{"class":67},[53,19959,253],{"class":252},[53,19961,12360],{"class":256},[53,19963,253],{"class":252},[53,19965,5236],{"class":67},[53,19967,19968],{"class":127},"            # dark\n",[53,19970,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19988,19990,19992],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,19972,115],{"class":114},[53,19974,102],{"class":67},[53,19976,13748],{"class":98},[53,19978,95],{"class":67},[53,19980,19614],{"class":98},[53,19982,102],{"class":67},[53,19984,253],{"class":252},[53,19986,19987],{"class":256},"language",[53,19989,253],{"class":252},[53,19991,5236],{"class":67},[53,19993,19994],{"class":127},"         # None\n",[53,19996,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20022,20024,20026],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,19998,115],{"class":114},[53,20000,102],{"class":67},[53,20002,13748],{"class":98},[53,20004,95],{"class":67},[53,20006,19614],{"class":98},[53,20008,102],{"class":67},[53,20010,253],{"class":252},[53,20012,19987],{"class":256},[53,20014,253],{"class":252},[53,20016,75],{"class":67},[53,20018,264],{"class":252},[53,20020,20021],{"class":256},"en",[53,20023,253],{"class":252},[53,20025,5236],{"class":67},[53,20027,20028],{"class":127},"   # en\n",[39,20030,4835,20032],{"id":20031},"when-to-use-get",[18,20033,10607],{},[14,20035,131,20036,10468],{},[18,20037,10607],{},[140,20039,20040,20043,20048,20051],{},[143,20041,20042],{},"A key might not exist",[143,20044,20045,20046],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20047,19551],{},[143,20049,20050],{},"You are reading optional data",[143,20052,20053],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20055,20056],{},"Example with optional user data:",[44,20058,20060],{"className":46,"code":20059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20061,20062,20104,20108,20133,20159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20063,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20100,20102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20065,11355],{"class":59},[53,20067,64],{"class":63},[53,20069,679],{"class":67},[53,20071,253],{"class":252},[53,20073,7852],{"class":256},[53,20075,253],{"class":252},[53,20077,597],{"class":67},[53,20079,264],{"class":252},[53,20081,20082],{"class":256},"sam",[53,20084,253],{"class":252},[53,20086,75],{"class":67},[53,20088,264],{"class":252},[53,20090,15122],{"class":256},[53,20092,253],{"class":252},[53,20094,597],{"class":67},[53,20096,264],{"class":252},[53,20098,20099],{"class":256},"sam@example.com",[53,20101,253],{"class":252},[53,20103,9176],{"class":67},[53,20105,20106],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20107,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20109,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20111,115],{"class":114},[53,20113,102],{"class":67},[53,20115,11449],{"class":98},[53,20117,95],{"class":67},[53,20119,19614],{"class":98},[53,20121,102],{"class":67},[53,20123,253],{"class":252},[53,20125,7852],{"class":256},[53,20127,253],{"class":252},[53,20129,5236],{"class":67},[53,20131,20132],{"class":127},"              # sam\n",[53,20134,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20152,20154,20156],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20136,115],{"class":114},[53,20138,102],{"class":67},[53,20140,11449],{"class":98},[53,20142,95],{"class":67},[53,20144,19614],{"class":98},[53,20146,102],{"class":67},[53,20148,253],{"class":252},[53,20150,20151],{"class":256},"phone",[53,20153,253],{"class":252},[53,20155,5236],{"class":67},[53,20157,20158],{"class":127},"                 # None\n",[53,20160,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20186,20188,20190],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,20162,115],{"class":114},[53,20164,102],{"class":67},[53,20166,11449],{"class":98},[53,20168,95],{"class":67},[53,20170,19614],{"class":98},[53,20172,102],{"class":67},[53,20174,253],{"class":252},[53,20176,20151],{"class":256},[53,20178,253],{"class":252},[53,20180,75],{"class":67},[53,20182,264],{"class":252},[53,20184,20185],{"class":256},"Not provided",[53,20187,253],{"class":252},[53,20189,5236],{"class":67},[53,20191,20192],{"class":127}," # Not provided\n",[14,20194,20195],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20197,20198,20199,95],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[183,20200,16462],{"href":16461},[39,20202,20204,20206],{"id":20203},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20205,10607],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20208,20209],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[44,20211,20213],{"className":46,"code":20212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20214,20215,20229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20216,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20218,1709],{"class":59},[53,20220,338],{"class":67},[53,20222,253],{"class":252},[53,20224,14704],{"class":256},[53,20226,253],{"class":252},[53,20228,86],{"class":67},[53,20230,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20232,1709],{"class":59},[53,20234,95],{"class":67},[53,20236,19614],{"class":98},[53,20238,102],{"class":67},[53,20240,253],{"class":252},[53,20242,14704],{"class":256},[53,20244,253],{"class":252},[53,20246,108],{"class":67},[14,20248,20249],{},"The difference is important.",[830,20251,20253],{"id":20252},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20255,20256,20257,95],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20258,19551],{},[44,20260,20262],{"className":46,"code":20261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20263,20264,20288,20292,20314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20265,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20267,1692],{"class":59},[53,20269,64],{"class":63},[53,20271,679],{"class":67},[53,20273,253],{"class":252},[53,20275,592],{"class":256},[53,20277,253],{"class":252},[53,20279,597],{"class":67},[53,20281,264],{"class":252},[53,20283,12747],{"class":256},[53,20285,253],{"class":252},[53,20287,9176],{"class":67},[53,20289,20290],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20291,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20293,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20311],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20295,115],{"class":114},[53,20297,102],{"class":67},[53,20299,1709],{"class":98},[53,20301,338],{"class":67},[53,20303,253],{"class":252},[53,20305,592],{"class":256},[53,20307,253],{"class":252},[53,20309,20310],{"class":67},"])",[53,20312,20313],{"class":127},"   # Ana\n",[53,20315,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20317,115],{"class":114},[53,20319,102],{"class":67},[53,20321,1709],{"class":98},[53,20323,338],{"class":67},[53,20325,253],{"class":252},[53,20327,10276],{"class":256},[53,20329,253],{"class":252},[53,20331,20310],{"class":67},[53,20333,20334],{"class":127},"   # KeyError\n",[830,20336,20337],{"id":19614},[18,20338,10607],{},[14,20340,20341,20343],{},[18,20342,10607],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[44,20345,20347],{"className":46,"code":20346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20348,20349,20373,20377,20401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20350,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20352,1692],{"class":59},[53,20354,64],{"class":63},[53,20356,679],{"class":67},[53,20358,253],{"class":252},[53,20360,592],{"class":256},[53,20362,253],{"class":252},[53,20364,597],{"class":67},[53,20366,264],{"class":252},[53,20368,12747],{"class":256},[53,20370,253],{"class":252},[53,20372,9176],{"class":67},[53,20374,20375],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20376,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20378,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20380,115],{"class":114},[53,20382,102],{"class":67},[53,20384,1709],{"class":98},[53,20386,95],{"class":67},[53,20388,19614],{"class":98},[53,20390,102],{"class":67},[53,20392,253],{"class":252},[53,20394,592],{"class":256},[53,20396,253],{"class":252},[53,20398,5236],{"class":67},[53,20400,20313],{"class":127},[53,20402,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20404,115],{"class":114},[53,20406,102],{"class":67},[53,20408,1709],{"class":98},[53,20410,95],{"class":67},[53,20412,19614],{"class":98},[53,20414,102],{"class":67},[53,20416,253],{"class":252},[53,20418,10276],{"class":256},[53,20420,253],{"class":252},[53,20422,5236],{"class":67},[53,20424,20425],{"class":127},"   # None\n",[14,20427,18559],{},[140,20429,20430,20436],{},[143,20431,20432,20433],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[23,20434,20435],{},"must exist",[143,20437,20438,20440,20441],{},[18,20439,10607],{}," when the key is ",[23,20442,20443],{},"optional",[14,20445,20446,20447,95],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[183,20448,11130],{"href":10941},[39,20450,20452],{"id":20451},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20454,20455,20456,20458],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20457,10607],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[44,20460,20462],{"className":46,"code":20461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20463,20464,20489,20493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20465,20466,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20467,20468],{"class":59},"profile ",[53,20470,64],{"class":63},[53,20472,679],{"class":67},[53,20474,253],{"class":252},[53,20476,592],{"class":256},[53,20478,253],{"class":252},[53,20480,597],{"class":67},[53,20482,264],{"class":252},[53,20484,7788],{"class":256},[53,20486,253],{"class":252},[53,20488,9176],{"class":67},[53,20490,20491],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20492,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20494,20495,20497,20499,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20521,20523,20525],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20496,115],{"class":114},[53,20498,102],{"class":67},[53,20500,20501],{"class":98},"profile",[53,20503,95],{"class":67},[53,20505,19614],{"class":98},[53,20507,102],{"class":67},[53,20509,253],{"class":252},[53,20511,15125],{"class":256},[53,20513,253],{"class":252},[53,20515,75],{"class":67},[53,20517,264],{"class":252},[53,20519,20520],{"class":256},"Unknown",[53,20522,253],{"class":252},[53,20524,5236],{"class":67},[53,20526,20527],{"class":127},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20529,20530],{},"This is useful for display text:",[140,20532,20533,20538,20543],{},[143,20534,20535],{},[18,20536,20537],{},"\"Unknown\"",[143,20539,20540],{},[18,20541,20542],{},"\"Not set\"",[143,20544,20545],{},[18,20546,20547],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20549,20550],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[44,20552,20554],{"className":46,"code":20553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20555,20556,20588,20592,20619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20557,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20559,4938],{"class":59},[53,20561,64],{"class":63},[53,20563,679],{"class":67},[53,20565,253],{"class":252},[53,20567,18281],{"class":256},[53,20569,253],{"class":252},[53,20571,597],{"class":67},[53,20573,5876],{"class":71},[53,20575,75],{"class":67},[53,20577,264],{"class":252},[53,20579,18290],{"class":256},[53,20581,253],{"class":252},[53,20583,597],{"class":67},[53,20585,6232],{"class":71},[53,20587,9176],{"class":67},[53,20589,20590],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20591,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20593,20594,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20595,20596],{"class":59},"total_history ",[53,20598,64],{"class":63},[53,20600,4985],{"class":59},[53,20602,95],{"class":67},[53,20604,19614],{"class":98},[53,20606,102],{"class":67},[53,20608,253],{"class":252},[53,20610,18299],{"class":256},[53,20612,253],{"class":252},[53,20614,75],{"class":67},[53,20616,3713],{"class":71},[53,20618,108],{"class":67},[53,20620,20621,20623,20625,20628,20630],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20622,115],{"class":114},[53,20624,102],{"class":67},[53,20626,20627],{"class":98},"total_history",[53,20629,3539],{"class":67},[53,20631,20632],{"class":127},"   # 0\n",[14,20634,20635,20636,20638],{},"Here, ",[18,20637,2000],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20640,20641],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[140,20643,20644,20647,20652,20657],{},[143,20645,20646],{},"Use a string for text",[143,20648,131,20649,20651],{},[18,20650,2000],{}," for numbers",[143,20653,131,20654,20656],{},[18,20655,3666],{}," for lists if needed",[143,20658,131,20659,20661],{},[18,20660,3671],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[39,20663,20665],{"id":20664},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20667,20668,20669,95],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20670,10607],{},[830,20672,20674,20676],{"id":20673},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20675,10607],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20678,20679,20680,20682],{},"This code does ",[23,20681,36],{}," create a new key:",[44,20684,20686],{"className":46,"code":20685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20687,20688,20712,20716,20741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20689,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20691,13069],{"class":59},[53,20693,64],{"class":63},[53,20695,679],{"class":67},[53,20697,253],{"class":252},[53,20699,592],{"class":256},[53,20701,253],{"class":252},[53,20703,597],{"class":67},[53,20705,264],{"class":252},[53,20707,12747],{"class":256},[53,20709,253],{"class":252},[53,20711,9176],{"class":67},[53,20713,20714],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20715,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20717,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20719,115],{"class":114},[53,20721,102],{"class":67},[53,20723,17172],{"class":98},[53,20725,95],{"class":67},[53,20727,19614],{"class":98},[53,20729,102],{"class":67},[53,20731,253],{"class":252},[53,20733,10276],{"class":256},[53,20735,253],{"class":252},[53,20737,5236],{"class":67},[53,20739,20740],{"class":127},"  # None\n",[53,20742,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20744,115],{"class":114},[53,20746,102],{"class":67},[53,20748,17172],{"class":98},[53,20750,3539],{"class":67},[53,20752,20753],{"class":127},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20755,20756],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[830,20758,20760,20762],{"id":20759},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20761,10607],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20764,20765],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[44,20767,20769],{"className":46,"code":20768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20770,20771,20797,20801,20827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20772,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20784,20786,20788,20790,20793,20795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20774,13689],{"class":59},[53,20776,64],{"class":63},[53,20778,679],{"class":67},[53,20780,253],{"class":252},[53,20782,20783],{"class":256},"mode",[53,20785,253],{"class":252},[53,20787,597],{"class":67},[53,20789,264],{"class":252},[53,20791,20792],{"class":256},"light",[53,20794,253],{"class":252},[53,20796,9176],{"class":67},[53,20798,20799],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20800,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20804,13748],{"class":59},[53,20806,95],{"class":67},[53,20808,19614],{"class":98},[53,20810,102],{"class":67},[53,20812,253],{"class":252},[53,20814,12360],{"class":256},[53,20816,253],{"class":252},[53,20818,75],{"class":67},[53,20820,264],{"class":252},[53,20822,12369],{"class":256},[53,20824,253],{"class":252},[53,20826,108],{"class":67},[53,20828,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20830,115],{"class":114},[53,20832,102],{"class":67},[53,20834,13748],{"class":98},[53,20836,3539],{"class":67},[53,20838,20839],{"class":127},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20841,20842,20843,20846],{},"Even though ",[18,20844,20845],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[830,20848,20850,20851],{"id":20849},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,20852,232],{},[14,20854,20855,20856,1129,20858,20860],{},"Sometimes ",[18,20857,10607],{},[18,20859,232],{}," because:",[140,20862,20863,20866],{},[143,20864,20865],{},"The key is missing, or",[143,20867,20868,20869],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,20870,232],{},[14,20872,235],{},[44,20874,20876],{"className":46,"code":20875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,20877,20878,20915,20919,20943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20879,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20907,20909,20911,20913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20881,1692],{"class":59},[53,20883,64],{"class":63},[53,20885,679],{"class":67},[53,20887,253],{"class":252},[53,20889,592],{"class":256},[53,20891,253],{"class":252},[53,20893,597],{"class":67},[53,20895,264],{"class":252},[53,20897,12747],{"class":256},[53,20899,253],{"class":252},[53,20901,75],{"class":67},[53,20903,264],{"class":252},[53,20905,20906],{"class":256},"nickname",[53,20908,253],{"class":252},[53,20910,597],{"class":67},[53,20912,3731],{"class":369},[53,20914,9176],{"class":67},[53,20916,20917],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,20918,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,20920,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,20922,115],{"class":114},[53,20924,102],{"class":67},[53,20926,1709],{"class":98},[53,20928,95],{"class":67},[53,20930,19614],{"class":98},[53,20932,102],{"class":67},[53,20934,253],{"class":252},[53,20936,20906],{"class":256},[53,20938,253],{"class":252},[53,20940,5236],{"class":67},[53,20942,20740],{"class":127},[53,20944,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,20946,115],{"class":114},[53,20948,102],{"class":67},[53,20950,1709],{"class":98},[53,20952,95],{"class":67},[53,20954,19614],{"class":98},[53,20956,102],{"class":67},[53,20958,253],{"class":252},[53,20960,10276],{"class":256},[53,20962,253],{"class":252},[53,20964,5236],{"class":67},[53,20966,20967],{"class":127},"      # None\n",[14,20969,20970,20971,20973],{},"Both lines print ",[18,20972,232],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20975,20976,20977,597],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,20978,1565],{},[44,20980,20982],{"className":46,"code":20981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,20983,20984,21020,21024,21045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20985,20986,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20987,1692],{"class":59},[53,20989,64],{"class":63},[53,20991,679],{"class":67},[53,20993,253],{"class":252},[53,20995,592],{"class":256},[53,20997,253],{"class":252},[53,20999,597],{"class":67},[53,21001,264],{"class":252},[53,21003,12747],{"class":256},[53,21005,253],{"class":252},[53,21007,75],{"class":67},[53,21009,264],{"class":252},[53,21011,20906],{"class":256},[53,21013,253],{"class":252},[53,21015,597],{"class":67},[53,21017,3731],{"class":369},[53,21019,9176],{"class":67},[53,21021,21022],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21023,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21025,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21039,21041,21043],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21027,115],{"class":114},[53,21029,102],{"class":67},[53,21031,253],{"class":252},[53,21033,20906],{"class":256},[53,21035,253],{"class":252},[53,21037,21038],{"class":1558}," in",[53,21040,14429],{"class":98},[53,21042,3539],{"class":67},[53,21044,3542],{"class":127},[53,21046,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,21048,115],{"class":114},[53,21050,102],{"class":67},[53,21052,253],{"class":252},[53,21054,10276],{"class":256},[53,21056,253],{"class":252},[53,21058,21038],{"class":1558},[53,21060,14429],{"class":98},[53,21062,3539],{"class":67},[53,21064,21065],{"class":127},"      # False\n",[14,21067,21068,21069,95],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[183,21070,21071],{"href":17018},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[39,21073,2709],{"id":2708},[14,21075,21076,21077,597],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21078,10607],{},[140,21080,21081,21086,21093,21098],{},[143,21082,21083,21084],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21085,19551],{},[143,21087,4578,21088,1129,21090,21092],{},[18,21089,10607],{},[18,21091,232],{}," if no default is provided",[143,21094,4454,21095,21097],{},[18,21096,10607],{}," creates a key automatically",[143,21099,21100],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21102,21103],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[44,21105,21107],{"className":46,"code":21106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21108,21109,21119,21133,21151,21173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21110,21111,21113,21115,21117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21112,115],{"class":114},[53,21114,102],{"class":67},[53,21116,11318],{"class":98},[53,21118,108],{"class":67},[53,21120,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21122,115],{"class":114},[53,21124,102],{"class":67},[53,21126,11318],{"class":98},[53,21128,95],{"class":67},[53,21130,16788],{"class":98},[53,21132,7064],{"class":67},[53,21134,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21136,115],{"class":114},[53,21138,102],{"class":67},[53,21140,341],{"class":252},[53,21142,592],{"class":256},[53,21144,341],{"class":252},[53,21146,21038],{"class":1558},[53,21148,11634],{"class":98},[53,21150,108],{"class":67},[53,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,21154,115],{"class":114},[53,21156,102],{"class":67},[53,21158,11318],{"class":98},[53,21160,95],{"class":67},[53,21162,19614],{"class":98},[53,21164,102],{"class":67},[53,21166,341],{"class":252},[53,21168,592],{"class":256},[53,21170,341],{"class":252},[53,21172,1907],{"class":67},[53,21174,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,21176,115],{"class":114},[53,21178,102],{"class":67},[53,21180,3102],{"class":2782},[53,21182,102],{"class":67},[53,21184,11318],{"class":98},[53,21186,95],{"class":67},[53,21188,19614],{"class":98},[53,21190,102],{"class":67},[53,21192,341],{"class":252},[53,21194,592],{"class":256},[53,21196,341],{"class":252},[53,21198,2793],{"class":67},[14,21200,21201],{},"What these checks tell you:",[140,21203,21204,21209,21215,21221,21227],{},[143,21205,21206,21208],{},[18,21207,12545],{}," shows the full dictionary",[143,21210,21211,21214],{},[18,21212,21213],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[143,21216,21217,21220],{},[18,21218,21219],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[143,21222,21223,21226],{},[18,21224,21225],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[143,21228,21229,21232],{},[18,21230,21231],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21234,21235,21236,4269,21241,21245],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[183,21237,21238,21239,10608],{"href":16927},"the dictionary ",[18,21240,16930],{},[183,21242,21238,21243,10608],{"href":16940},[18,21244,16943],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[39,21247,1650],{"id":1649},[830,21249,12570,21251,21253,21254,2370],{"id":21250},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21252,10607],{}," raise ",[18,21255,19551],{},[14,21257,21258,21259,21261],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21260,232],{}," or the default value you provide.",[830,21263,12570,21265,21267],{"id":21264},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21266,10607],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21269,21270],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[830,21272,21274,21275,2370],{"id":21273},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21276,10607],{},[14,21278,21279,21281],{},[18,21280,232],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[830,21283,21285,21286,21288],{"id":21284},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21287,10607],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21290,131,21291,21293],{},[18,21292,10607],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[39,21295,1782],{"id":1781},[140,21297,21298,21302,21308,21314,21318,21323],{},[143,21299,21300],{},[183,21301,9024],{"href":9023},[143,21303,21304],{},[183,21305,10604,21306,10608],{"href":16927},[18,21307,16930],{},[143,21309,21310],{},[183,21311,10604,21312,10608],{"href":16940},[18,21313,16943],{},[143,21315,21316],{},[183,21317,17019],{"href":17018},[143,21319,21320],{},[183,21321,21322],{"href":16461},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[143,21324,21325],{},[183,21326,11130],{"href":10941},[1810,21328,21329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21340,21341],{"id":20252,"depth":111,"text":20253},{"id":19614,"depth":111,"text":10607},{"id":20451,"depth":89,"text":20452},{"id":20664,"depth":89,"text":20665,"children":21344},[21345,21347,21349],{"id":20673,"depth":111,"text":21346},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20759,"depth":111,"text":21348},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20849,"depth":111,"text":21350},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":21353},[21354,21356,21358,21360],{"id":21250,"depth":111,"text":21355},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21264,"depth":111,"text":21357},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21273,"depth":111,"text":21359},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21284,"depth":111,"text":21361},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19532,"description":21363},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21370,"title":21371,"body":21372,"description":23928,"extension":1841,"meta":23929,"navigation":301,"path":23930,"seo":23931,"stem":23932,"__hash__":23933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21373,"toc":23894},[21374,21379,21385,21391,21393,21475,21479,21496,21501,21506,21511,21513,21527,21529,21592,21596,21636,21644,21646,21648,21663,21666,21679,21681,21760,21764,21830,21832,21836,21844,21846,21857,21859,21969,21973,22052,22058,22064,22069,22182,22186,22218,22221,22328,22334,22341,22345,22348,22451,22455,22516,22519,22522,22533,22542,22545,22562,22564,22663,22667,22742,22745,22768,22773,22778,22795,22797,22918,22922,22956,22958,22963,22970,22980,22982,23060,23063,23134,23144,23147,23178,23181,23220,23226,23233,23236,23327,23331,23412,23418,23421,23424,23529,23532,23535,23657,23661,23664,23731,23735,23772,23778,23780,23786,23791,23797,23804,23810,23813,23852,23858,23861,23863,23891],[10,21375,11186,21377,11190],{"id":21376},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21378,16943],{},[14,21380,16,21381,21384],{},[18,21382,21383],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21386,21387,21388,21390],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21389,16943],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[39,21392,1882],{"id":1881},[44,21394,21396],{"className":46,"code":21395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21397,21398,21434,21438,21461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21399,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21401,13069],{"class":59},[53,21403,64],{"class":63},[53,21405,679],{"class":67},[53,21407,253],{"class":252},[53,21409,592],{"class":256},[53,21411,253],{"class":252},[53,21413,597],{"class":67},[53,21415,264],{"class":252},[53,21417,12747],{"class":256},[53,21419,253],{"class":252},[53,21421,75],{"class":67},[53,21423,264],{"class":252},[53,21425,9166],{"class":256},[53,21427,253],{"class":252},[53,21429,597],{"class":67},[53,21431,9173],{"class":71},[53,21433,9176],{"class":67},[53,21435,21436],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21437,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21439,21440,21442,21445,21447,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21441,1559],{"class":1558},[53,21443,21444],{"class":59}," key",[53,21446,75],{"class":67},[53,21448,21449],{"class":59}," value ",[53,21451,1565],{"class":1558},[53,21453,13112],{"class":59},[53,21455,95],{"class":67},[53,21457,530],{"class":98},[53,21459,21460],{"class":67},"():\n",[53,21462,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,21464,7936],{"class":114},[53,21466,102],{"class":67},[53,21468,14704],{"class":98},[53,21470,75],{"class":67},[53,21472,8299],{"class":98},[53,21474,108],{"class":67},[14,21476,21477],{},[23,21478,328],{},[44,21480,21482],{"className":46,"code":21481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21483,21484,21489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21485,21486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21487,21488],{"class":59},"name Ana\n",[53,21490,21491,21494],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21492,21493],{"class":59},"age ",[53,21495,2587],{"class":71},[14,21497,131,21498,21500],{},[18,21499,16943],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[39,21502,3556,21504,3559],{"id":21503},"what-items-does",[18,21505,16943],{},[14,21507,21508,21510],{},[18,21509,16943],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21512,11327],{},[140,21514,21515,21521,21524],{},[143,21516,21517,21518],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21519,21520],{},"(key, value)",[143,21522,21523],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[143,21525,21526],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21528,235],{},[44,21530,21532],{"className":46,"code":21531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21533,21534,21570,21574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21535,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21537,13069],{"class":59},[53,21539,64],{"class":63},[53,21541,679],{"class":67},[53,21543,253],{"class":252},[53,21545,592],{"class":256},[53,21547,253],{"class":252},[53,21549,597],{"class":67},[53,21551,264],{"class":252},[53,21553,12747],{"class":256},[53,21555,253],{"class":252},[53,21557,75],{"class":67},[53,21559,264],{"class":252},[53,21561,9166],{"class":256},[53,21563,253],{"class":252},[53,21565,597],{"class":67},[53,21567,9173],{"class":71},[53,21569,9176],{"class":67},[53,21571,21572],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21573,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21575,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21577,115],{"class":114},[53,21579,102],{"class":67},[53,21581,7961],{"class":2782},[53,21583,102],{"class":67},[53,21585,17172],{"class":98},[53,21587,95],{"class":67},[53,21589,530],{"class":98},[53,21591,6162],{"class":67},[14,21593,21594],{},[23,21595,328],{},[44,21597,21599],{"className":46,"code":21598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21600,21601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21602,21603,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21604,21605],{"class":67},"[(",[53,21607,341],{"class":252},[53,21609,592],{"class":256},[53,21611,341],{"class":252},[53,21613,75],{"class":67},[53,21615,350],{"class":252},[53,21617,12747],{"class":256},[53,21619,341],{"class":252},[53,21621,9100],{"class":67},[53,21623,9103],{"class":67},[53,21625,341],{"class":252},[53,21627,9166],{"class":256},[53,21629,341],{"class":252},[53,21631,75],{"class":67},[53,21633,9173],{"class":71},[53,21635,9116],{"class":67},[14,21637,21638,21639,2758,21641,95],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[183,21640,9024],{"href":12890},[183,21642,14888],{"href":21643},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[39,21645,2039],{"id":2038},[14,21647,5307],{},[44,21649,21651],{"className":46,"code":21650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21652,21653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21654,21655,21657,21659,21661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21656,11318],{"class":59},[53,21658,95],{"class":67},[53,21660,530],{"class":98},[53,21662,8510],{"class":67},[14,21664,21665],{},"Things to remember:",[140,21667,21668,21673,21676],{},[143,21669,21670,21672],{},[18,21671,16943],{}," does not take any arguments",[143,21674,21675],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[143,21677,21678],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21680,235],{},[44,21682,21684],{"className":46,"code":21683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21685,21686,21718,21722,21736,21740,21750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21687,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21689,4938],{"class":59},[53,21691,64],{"class":63},[53,21693,679],{"class":67},[53,21695,253],{"class":252},[53,21697,4878],{"class":256},[53,21699,253],{"class":252},[53,21701,597],{"class":67},[53,21703,19762],{"class":71},[53,21705,75],{"class":67},[53,21707,264],{"class":252},[53,21709,4887],{"class":256},[53,21711,253],{"class":252},[53,21713,597],{"class":67},[53,21715,13372],{"class":71},[53,21717,9176],{"class":67},[53,21719,21720],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21721,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21723,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21725,276],{"class":59},[53,21727,64],{"class":63},[53,21729,4985],{"class":59},[53,21731,95],{"class":67},[53,21733,530],{"class":98},[53,21735,8510],{"class":67},[53,21737,21738],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,21739,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21741,21742,21744,21746,21748],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,21743,115],{"class":114},[53,21745,102],{"class":67},[53,21747,323],{"class":98},[53,21749,108],{"class":67},[53,21751,21752,21754,21756,21758],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,21753,115],{"class":114},[53,21755,102],{"class":67},[53,21757,16253],{"class":98},[53,21759,108],{"class":67},[14,21761,21762],{},[23,21763,328],{},[44,21765,21767],{"className":46,"code":21766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21768,21769,21802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21770,21771,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21772,21773],{"class":98},"dict_items",[53,21775,9525],{"class":67},[53,21777,341],{"class":252},[53,21779,4878],{"class":256},[53,21781,341],{"class":252},[53,21783,75],{"class":67},[53,21785,19762],{"class":71},[53,21787,9100],{"class":67},[53,21789,9103],{"class":67},[53,21791,341],{"class":252},[53,21793,4887],{"class":256},[53,21795,341],{"class":252},[53,21797,75],{"class":67},[53,21799,13372],{"class":71},[53,21801,10546],{"class":67},[53,21803,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21805,9145],{"class":67},[53,21807,341],{"class":252},[53,21809,4878],{"class":256},[53,21811,341],{"class":252},[53,21813,597],{"class":67},[53,21815,19762],{"class":71},[53,21817,75],{"class":67},[53,21819,350],{"class":252},[53,21821,4887],{"class":256},[53,21823,341],{"class":252},[53,21825,597],{"class":67},[53,21827,13372],{"class":71},[53,21829,9176],{"class":67},[14,21831,20756],{},[39,21833,21835],{"id":21834},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21837,21838,21840,21841,21843],{},[18,21839,16943],{}," returns a ",[18,21842,21773],{}," view object.",[14,21845,1987],{},[140,21847,21848,21851,21854],{},[143,21849,21850],{},"You can loop over it",[143,21852,21853],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[143,21855,21856],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21858,235],{},[44,21860,21862],{"className":46,"code":21861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,21863,21864,21896,21910,21914,21928,21932,21951,21955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21865,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21867,1692],{"class":59},[53,21869,64],{"class":63},[53,21871,679],{"class":67},[53,21873,253],{"class":252},[53,21875,2056],{"class":256},[53,21877,253],{"class":252},[53,21879,597],{"class":67},[53,21881,5371],{"class":71},[53,21883,75],{"class":67},[53,21885,264],{"class":252},[53,21887,11613],{"class":256},[53,21889,253],{"class":252},[53,21891,597],{"class":67},[53,21893,78],{"class":71},[53,21895,9176],{"class":67},[53,21897,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,21899,9082],{"class":59},[53,21901,64],{"class":63},[53,21903,14429],{"class":59},[53,21905,95],{"class":67},[53,21907,530],{"class":98},[53,21909,8510],{"class":67},[53,21911,21912],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,21913,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21915,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,21917,115],{"class":114},[53,21919,102],{"class":67},[53,21921,7961],{"class":2782},[53,21923,102],{"class":67},[53,21925,9129],{"class":98},[53,21927,1907],{"class":67},[53,21929,21930],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,21931,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21933,21934,21936,21938,21940,21943,21945,21947,21949],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,21935,1709],{"class":59},[53,21937,338],{"class":67},[53,21939,253],{"class":252},[53,21941,21942],{"class":256},"z",[53,21944,253],{"class":252},[53,21946,13138],{"class":67},[53,21948,13141],{"class":63},[53,21950,2455],{"class":71},[53,21952,21953],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,21954,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,21956,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,21958,115],{"class":114},[53,21960,102],{"class":67},[53,21962,7961],{"class":2782},[53,21964,102],{"class":67},[53,21966,9129],{"class":98},[53,21968,1907],{"class":67},[14,21970,21971],{},[23,21972,328],{},[44,21974,21976],{"className":46,"code":21975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,21977,21978,22008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21979,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21981,21605],{"class":67},[53,21983,341],{"class":252},[53,21985,2056],{"class":256},[53,21987,341],{"class":252},[53,21989,75],{"class":67},[53,21991,5371],{"class":71},[53,21993,9100],{"class":67},[53,21995,9103],{"class":67},[53,21997,341],{"class":252},[53,21999,11613],{"class":256},[53,22001,341],{"class":252},[53,22003,75],{"class":67},[53,22005,78],{"class":71},[53,22007,9116],{"class":67},[53,22009,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22011,21605],{"class":67},[53,22013,341],{"class":252},[53,22015,2056],{"class":256},[53,22017,341],{"class":252},[53,22019,75],{"class":67},[53,22021,5371],{"class":71},[53,22023,9100],{"class":67},[53,22025,9103],{"class":67},[53,22027,341],{"class":252},[53,22029,11613],{"class":256},[53,22031,341],{"class":252},[53,22033,75],{"class":67},[53,22035,78],{"class":71},[53,22037,9100],{"class":67},[53,22039,9103],{"class":67},[53,22041,341],{"class":252},[53,22043,21942],{"class":256},[53,22045,341],{"class":252},[53,22047,75],{"class":67},[53,22049,83],{"class":71},[53,22051,9116],{"class":67},[14,22053,22054,22055,22057],{},"This happens because ",[18,22056,9129],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[39,22059,22061,22062],{"id":22060},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22063,16943],{},[14,22065,22066,22067,597],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22068,16943],{},[44,22070,22072],{"className":46,"code":22071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22073,22074,22127,22131,22151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22075,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22077,12730],{"class":59},[53,22079,64],{"class":63},[53,22081,679],{"class":67},[53,22083,253],{"class":252},[53,22085,592],{"class":256},[53,22087,253],{"class":252},[53,22089,597],{"class":67},[53,22091,264],{"class":252},[53,22093,7788],{"class":256},[53,22095,253],{"class":252},[53,22097,75],{"class":67},[53,22099,264],{"class":252},[53,22101,19755],{"class":256},[53,22103,253],{"class":252},[53,22105,597],{"class":67},[53,22107,264],{"class":252},[53,22109,22110],{"class":256},"A",[53,22112,253],{"class":252},[53,22114,75],{"class":67},[53,22116,264],{"class":252},[53,22118,9166],{"class":256},[53,22120,253],{"class":252},[53,22122,597],{"class":67},[53,22124,13721],{"class":71},[53,22126,9176],{"class":67},[53,22128,22129],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22130,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22132,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22134,1559],{"class":1558},[53,22136,21444],{"class":59},[53,22138,75],{"class":67},[53,22140,21449],{"class":59},[53,22142,1565],{"class":1558},[53,22144,12773],{"class":59},[53,22146,95],{"class":67},[53,22148,530],{"class":98},[53,22150,21460],{"class":67},[53,22152,22153,22155,22157,22160,22162,22164,22166,22169,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,22154,7936],{"class":114},[53,22156,102],{"class":67},[53,22158,22159],{"class":1945},"f",[53,22161,253],{"class":256},[53,22163,9145],{"class":71},[53,22165,14704],{"class":98},[53,22167,22168],{"class":71},"}",[53,22170,22171],{"class":256},": ",[53,22173,9145],{"class":71},[53,22175,2350],{"class":98},[53,22177,22168],{"class":71},[53,22179,253],{"class":256},[53,22181,108],{"class":67},[14,22183,22184],{},[23,22185,328],{},[44,22187,22189],{"className":46,"code":22188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22190,22191,22200,22209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22192,22193,22195,22197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22194,592],{"class":59},[53,22196,597],{"class":67},[53,22198,22199],{"class":59}," Mia\n",[53,22201,22202,22204,22206],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22203,19755],{"class":59},[53,22205,597],{"class":67},[53,22207,22208],{"class":59}," A\n",[53,22210,22211,22213,22215],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22212,9166],{"class":59},[53,22214,597],{"class":67},[53,22216,22217],{"class":71}," 14\n",[14,22219,22220],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[44,22222,22224],{"className":46,"code":22223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22225,22226,22278,22282,22294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22227,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22229,12730],{"class":59},[53,22231,64],{"class":63},[53,22233,679],{"class":67},[53,22235,253],{"class":252},[53,22237,592],{"class":256},[53,22239,253],{"class":252},[53,22241,597],{"class":67},[53,22243,264],{"class":252},[53,22245,7788],{"class":256},[53,22247,253],{"class":252},[53,22249,75],{"class":67},[53,22251,264],{"class":252},[53,22253,19755],{"class":256},[53,22255,253],{"class":252},[53,22257,597],{"class":67},[53,22259,264],{"class":252},[53,22261,22110],{"class":256},[53,22263,253],{"class":252},[53,22265,75],{"class":67},[53,22267,264],{"class":252},[53,22269,9166],{"class":256},[53,22271,253],{"class":252},[53,22273,597],{"class":67},[53,22275,13721],{"class":71},[53,22277,9176],{"class":67},[53,22279,22280],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22281,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22283,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22285,1559],{"class":1558},[53,22287,18073],{"class":59},[53,22289,1565],{"class":1558},[53,22291,12773],{"class":59},[53,22293,6265],{"class":67},[53,22295,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,22297,7936],{"class":114},[53,22299,102],{"class":67},[53,22301,22159],{"class":1945},[53,22303,253],{"class":256},[53,22305,9145],{"class":71},[53,22307,14704],{"class":98},[53,22309,22168],{"class":71},[53,22311,22171],{"class":256},[53,22313,9145],{"class":71},[53,22315,13489],{"class":98},[53,22317,338],{"class":67},[53,22319,14704],{"class":98},[53,22321,13138],{"class":67},[53,22323,22168],{"class":71},[53,22325,253],{"class":256},[53,22327,108],{"class":67},[14,22329,6380,22330,22333],{},[18,22331,22332],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22335,22336,22337,95],{},"For a full guide, see ",[183,22338,22340],{"href":22339},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[39,22342,22344],{"id":22343},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22346,22347],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[44,22349,22351],{"className":46,"code":22350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22352,22353,22412,22416,22436,22440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22354,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22390,22392,22394,22396,22399,22401,22403,22405,22408,22410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22356,398],{"class":59},[53,22358,64],{"class":63},[53,22360,679],{"class":67},[53,22362,253],{"class":252},[53,22364,257],{"class":256},[53,22366,253],{"class":252},[53,22368,597],{"class":67},[53,22370,264],{"class":252},[53,22372,407],{"class":256},[53,22374,253],{"class":252},[53,22376,75],{"class":67},[53,22378,264],{"class":252},[53,22380,267],{"class":256},[53,22382,253],{"class":252},[53,22384,597],{"class":67},[53,22386,264],{"class":252},[53,22388,22389],{"class":256},"yellow",[53,22391,253],{"class":252},[53,22393,75],{"class":67},[53,22395,264],{"class":252},[53,22397,22398],{"class":256},"grape",[53,22400,253],{"class":252},[53,22402,597],{"class":67},[53,22404,264],{"class":252},[53,22406,22407],{"class":256},"purple",[53,22409,253],{"class":252},[53,22411,9176],{"class":67},[53,22413,22414],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22415,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22417,22418,22421,22423,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22419,22420],{"class":59},"pairs_list ",[53,22422,64],{"class":63},[53,22424,22425],{"class":2782}," list",[53,22427,102],{"class":67},[53,22429,425],{"class":98},[53,22431,95],{"class":67},[53,22433,530],{"class":98},[53,22435,7064],{"class":67},[53,22437,22438],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,22439,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22441,22442,22444,22446,22449],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,22443,115],{"class":114},[53,22445,102],{"class":67},[53,22447,22448],{"class":98},"pairs_list",[53,22450,108],{"class":67},[14,22452,22453],{},[23,22454,328],{},[44,22456,22458],{"className":46,"code":22457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22459,22460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22461,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22463,21605],{"class":67},[53,22465,341],{"class":252},[53,22467,257],{"class":256},[53,22469,341],{"class":252},[53,22471,75],{"class":67},[53,22473,350],{"class":252},[53,22475,407],{"class":256},[53,22477,341],{"class":252},[53,22479,9100],{"class":67},[53,22481,9103],{"class":67},[53,22483,341],{"class":252},[53,22485,267],{"class":256},[53,22487,341],{"class":252},[53,22489,75],{"class":67},[53,22491,350],{"class":252},[53,22493,22389],{"class":256},[53,22495,341],{"class":252},[53,22497,9100],{"class":67},[53,22499,9103],{"class":67},[53,22501,341],{"class":252},[53,22503,22398],{"class":256},[53,22505,341],{"class":252},[53,22507,75],{"class":67},[53,22509,350],{"class":252},[53,22511,22407],{"class":256},[53,22513,341],{"class":252},[53,22515,9116],{"class":67},[14,22517,22518],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22520,22521],{},"Use this when:",[140,22523,22524,22527,22530],{},[143,22525,22526],{},"You want clearer printed output",[143,22528,22529],{},"You need list behavior",[143,22531,22532],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[39,22534,22536,10452,22538,10452,22540],{"id":22535},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22537,16943],{},[18,22539,16930],{},[18,22541,16936],{},[14,22543,22544],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[140,22546,22547,22552,22557],{},[143,22548,22549,22551],{},[18,22550,16943],{}," gives both key and value",[143,22553,22554,22556],{},[18,22555,16930],{}," gives only keys",[143,22558,22559,22561],{},[18,22560,16936],{}," gives only values",[14,22563,235],{},[44,22565,22567],{"className":46,"code":22566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22568,22569,22605,22609,22627,22645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22570,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22572,13069],{"class":59},[53,22574,64],{"class":63},[53,22576,679],{"class":67},[53,22578,253],{"class":252},[53,22580,592],{"class":256},[53,22582,253],{"class":252},[53,22584,597],{"class":67},[53,22586,264],{"class":252},[53,22588,12747],{"class":256},[53,22590,253],{"class":252},[53,22592,75],{"class":67},[53,22594,264],{"class":252},[53,22596,9166],{"class":256},[53,22598,253],{"class":252},[53,22600,597],{"class":67},[53,22602,9173],{"class":71},[53,22604,9176],{"class":67},[53,22606,22607],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22608,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22610,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22612,115],{"class":114},[53,22614,102],{"class":67},[53,22616,7961],{"class":2782},[53,22618,102],{"class":67},[53,22620,17172],{"class":98},[53,22622,95],{"class":67},[53,22624,16788],{"class":98},[53,22626,6162],{"class":67},[53,22628,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,22630,115],{"class":114},[53,22632,102],{"class":67},[53,22634,7961],{"class":2782},[53,22636,102],{"class":67},[53,22638,17172],{"class":98},[53,22640,95],{"class":67},[53,22642,5233],{"class":98},[53,22644,6162],{"class":67},[53,22646,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,22648,115],{"class":114},[53,22650,102],{"class":67},[53,22652,7961],{"class":2782},[53,22654,102],{"class":67},[53,22656,17172],{"class":98},[53,22658,95],{"class":67},[53,22660,530],{"class":98},[53,22662,6162],{"class":67},[14,22664,22665],{},[23,22666,328],{},[44,22668,22670],{"className":46,"code":22669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22671,22672,22692,22708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22673,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22675,338],{"class":67},[53,22677,341],{"class":252},[53,22679,592],{"class":256},[53,22681,341],{"class":252},[53,22683,75],{"class":67},[53,22685,350],{"class":252},[53,22687,9166],{"class":256},[53,22689,341],{"class":252},[53,22691,86],{"class":67},[53,22693,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22695,338],{"class":67},[53,22697,341],{"class":252},[53,22699,12747],{"class":256},[53,22701,341],{"class":252},[53,22703,75],{"class":67},[53,22705,9173],{"class":71},[53,22707,86],{"class":67},[53,22709,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22711,21605],{"class":67},[53,22713,341],{"class":252},[53,22715,592],{"class":256},[53,22717,341],{"class":252},[53,22719,75],{"class":67},[53,22721,350],{"class":252},[53,22723,12747],{"class":256},[53,22725,341],{"class":252},[53,22727,9100],{"class":67},[53,22729,9103],{"class":67},[53,22731,341],{"class":252},[53,22733,9166],{"class":256},[53,22735,341],{"class":252},[53,22737,75],{"class":67},[53,22739,9173],{"class":71},[53,22741,9116],{"class":67},[14,22743,22744],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[140,22746,22747,22755,22763],{},[143,22748,22749,22750],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[183,22751,22753],{"href":22752},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22754,16930],{},[143,22756,22757,22758],{},"Need just values? Use ",[183,22759,22761],{"href":22760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22762,16936],{},[143,22764,22765,22766],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22767,16943],{},[39,22769,4835,22771],{"id":22770},"when-to-use-items",[18,22772,16943],{},[14,22774,22775,22777],{},[18,22776,16943],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[140,22779,22780,22783,22786,22789,22792],{},[143,22781,22782],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[143,22784,22785],{},"Building formatted output",[143,22787,22788],{},"Looping through settings and values",[143,22790,22791],{},"Showing names with scores",[143,22793,22794],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22796,235],{},[44,22798,22800],{"className":46,"code":22799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22801,22802,22810,22828,22847,22859,22863,22867,22888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22803,22804,22806,22808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22805,13689],{"class":59},[53,22807,64],{"class":63},[53,22809,11360],{"class":67},[53,22811,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22813,11365],{"class":252},[53,22815,12360],{"class":256},[53,22817,253],{"class":252},[53,22819,597],{"class":67},[53,22821,264],{"class":252},[53,22823,12369],{"class":256},[53,22825,253],{"class":252},[53,22827,11381],{"class":67},[53,22829,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22843,22845],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22831,11365],{"class":252},[53,22833,19987],{"class":256},[53,22835,253],{"class":252},[53,22837,597],{"class":67},[53,22839,264],{"class":252},[53,22841,22842],{"class":256},"English",[53,22844,253],{"class":252},[53,22846,11381],{"class":67},[53,22848,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,22850,11365],{"class":252},[53,22852,18389],{"class":256},[53,22854,253],{"class":252},[53,22856,597],{"class":67},[53,22858,6294],{"class":369},[53,22860,22861],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,22862,9176],{"class":67},[53,22864,22865],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,22866,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,22868,22869,22871,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,22870,1559],{"class":1558},[53,22872,22873],{"class":59}," setting",[53,22875,75],{"class":67},[53,22877,21449],{"class":59},[53,22879,1565],{"class":1558},[53,22881,13733],{"class":59},[53,22883,95],{"class":67},[53,22885,530],{"class":98},[53,22887,21460],{"class":67},[53,22889,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22903,22905,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,22891,7936],{"class":114},[53,22893,102],{"class":67},[53,22895,22159],{"class":1945},[53,22897,253],{"class":256},[53,22899,9145],{"class":71},[53,22901,22902],{"class":98},"setting",[53,22904,22168],{"class":71},[53,22906,22907],{"class":256}," = ",[53,22909,9145],{"class":71},[53,22911,2350],{"class":98},[53,22913,22168],{"class":71},[53,22915,253],{"class":256},[53,22917,108],{"class":67},[14,22919,22920],{},[23,22921,328],{},[44,22923,22925],{"className":46,"code":22924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,22926,22927,22937,22947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22928,22929,22932,22934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22930,22931],{"class":59},"theme ",[53,22933,64],{"class":63},[53,22935,22936],{"class":59}," dark\n",[53,22938,22939,22942,22944],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,22940,22941],{"class":59},"language ",[53,22943,64],{"class":63},[53,22945,22946],{"class":59}," English\n",[53,22948,22949,22952,22954],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,22950,22951],{"class":59},"notifications ",[53,22953,64],{"class":63},[53,22955,6294],{"class":369},[39,22957,2709],{"id":2708},[14,22959,22960,22961,95],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,22962,16943],{},[830,22964,22966,22967,22969],{"id":22965},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,22968,16943],{}," incorrectly",[14,22971,22972,22973,22975,22976,22979],{},"Each result from ",[18,22974,16943],{}," has ",[23,22977,22978],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22981,6557],{},[44,22983,22984],{"className":46,"code":21395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,22985,22986,23022,23026,23046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22987,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22989,13069],{"class":59},[53,22991,64],{"class":63},[53,22993,679],{"class":67},[53,22995,253],{"class":252},[53,22997,592],{"class":256},[53,22999,253],{"class":252},[53,23001,597],{"class":67},[53,23003,264],{"class":252},[53,23005,12747],{"class":256},[53,23007,253],{"class":252},[53,23009,75],{"class":67},[53,23011,264],{"class":252},[53,23013,9166],{"class":256},[53,23015,253],{"class":252},[53,23017,597],{"class":67},[53,23019,9173],{"class":71},[53,23021,9176],{"class":67},[53,23023,23024],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23025,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23027,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23029,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23031,21444],{"class":59},[53,23033,75],{"class":67},[53,23035,21449],{"class":59},[53,23037,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23039,13112],{"class":59},[53,23041,95],{"class":67},[53,23043,530],{"class":98},[53,23045,21460],{"class":67},[53,23047,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23049,7936],{"class":114},[53,23051,102],{"class":67},[53,23053,14704],{"class":98},[53,23055,75],{"class":67},[53,23057,8299],{"class":98},[53,23059,108],{"class":67},[14,23061,23062],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[44,23064,23066],{"className":46,"code":23065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23067,23068,23104,23108,23124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23069,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23071,13069],{"class":59},[53,23073,64],{"class":63},[53,23075,679],{"class":67},[53,23077,253],{"class":252},[53,23079,592],{"class":256},[53,23081,253],{"class":252},[53,23083,597],{"class":67},[53,23085,264],{"class":252},[53,23087,12747],{"class":256},[53,23089,253],{"class":252},[53,23091,75],{"class":67},[53,23093,264],{"class":252},[53,23095,9166],{"class":256},[53,23097,253],{"class":252},[53,23099,597],{"class":67},[53,23101,9173],{"class":71},[53,23103,9176],{"class":67},[53,23105,23106],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23107,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23111,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23113,18073],{"class":59},[53,23115,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23117,13112],{"class":59},[53,23119,95],{"class":67},[53,23121,530],{"class":98},[53,23123,21460],{"class":67},[53,23125,23126,23128,23130,23132],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23127,7936],{"class":114},[53,23129,102],{"class":67},[53,23131,14704],{"class":98},[53,23133,108],{"class":67},[14,23135,23136,23137,23139,23140,23143],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23138,14704],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23141,23142],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23145,23146],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[44,23148,23150],{"className":46,"code":23149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23151,23152,23168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23153,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23155,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23157,5833],{"class":59},[53,23159,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23161,13112],{"class":59},[53,23163,95],{"class":67},[53,23165,530],{"class":98},[53,23167,21460],{"class":67},[53,23169,23170,23172,23174,23176],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23171,7936],{"class":114},[53,23173,102],{"class":67},[53,23175,212],{"class":98},[53,23177,108],{"class":67},[14,23179,23180],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[44,23182,23184],{"className":46,"code":23183,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23185,23186,23206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23187,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23189,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23191,21444],{"class":59},[53,23193,75],{"class":67},[53,23195,21449],{"class":59},[53,23197,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23199,13112],{"class":59},[53,23201,95],{"class":67},[53,23203,530],{"class":98},[53,23205,21460],{"class":67},[53,23207,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23209,7936],{"class":114},[53,23211,102],{"class":67},[53,23213,14704],{"class":98},[53,23215,75],{"class":67},[53,23217,8299],{"class":98},[53,23219,108],{"class":67},[830,23221,8319,23223,23225],{"id":23222},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23224,16943],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23227,23228,21840,23230,23232],{},[18,23229,16943],{},[18,23231,21773],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23234,23235],{},"Check it:",[44,23237,23239],{"className":46,"code":23238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23240,23241,23273,23277,23291,23309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23242,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23244,11592],{"class":59},[53,23246,64],{"class":63},[53,23248,679],{"class":67},[53,23250,253],{"class":252},[53,23252,183],{"class":256},[53,23254,253],{"class":252},[53,23256,597],{"class":67},[53,23258,5371],{"class":71},[53,23260,75],{"class":67},[53,23262,264],{"class":252},[53,23264,1453],{"class":256},[53,23266,253],{"class":252},[53,23268,597],{"class":67},[53,23270,78],{"class":71},[53,23272,9176],{"class":67},[53,23274,23275],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23276,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23278,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23280,115],{"class":114},[53,23282,102],{"class":67},[53,23284,11318],{"class":98},[53,23286,95],{"class":67},[53,23288,530],{"class":98},[53,23290,7064],{"class":67},[53,23292,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23294,115],{"class":114},[53,23296,102],{"class":67},[53,23298,3102],{"class":2782},[53,23300,102],{"class":67},[53,23302,11318],{"class":98},[53,23304,95],{"class":67},[53,23306,530],{"class":98},[53,23308,6162],{"class":67},[53,23310,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,23312,115],{"class":114},[53,23314,102],{"class":67},[53,23316,7961],{"class":2782},[53,23318,102],{"class":67},[53,23320,11318],{"class":98},[53,23322,95],{"class":67},[53,23324,530],{"class":98},[53,23326,6162],{"class":67},[14,23328,23329],{},[23,23330,328],{},[44,23332,23334],{"className":46,"code":23333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23335,23336,23368,23382],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23337,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23339,21773],{"class":98},[53,23341,9525],{"class":67},[53,23343,341],{"class":252},[53,23345,183],{"class":256},[53,23347,341],{"class":252},[53,23349,75],{"class":67},[53,23351,5371],{"class":71},[53,23353,9100],{"class":67},[53,23355,9103],{"class":67},[53,23357,341],{"class":252},[53,23359,1453],{"class":256},[53,23361,341],{"class":252},[53,23363,75],{"class":67},[53,23365,78],{"class":71},[53,23367,10546],{"class":67},[53,23369,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23371,3171],{"class":63},[53,23373,3174],{"class":1945},[53,23375,350],{"class":252},[53,23377,21773],{"class":256},[53,23379,341],{"class":252},[53,23381,3183],{"class":63},[53,23383,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23385,21605],{"class":67},[53,23387,341],{"class":252},[53,23389,183],{"class":256},[53,23391,341],{"class":252},[53,23393,75],{"class":67},[53,23395,5371],{"class":71},[53,23397,9100],{"class":67},[53,23399,9103],{"class":67},[53,23401,341],{"class":252},[53,23403,1453],{"class":256},[53,23405,341],{"class":252},[53,23407,75],{"class":67},[53,23409,78],{"class":71},[53,23411,9116],{"class":67},[830,23413,23415,23416],{"id":23414},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23417,16943],{},[14,23419,23420],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23422,23423],{},"Problem example:",[44,23425,23427],{"className":46,"code":23426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23428,23429,23473,23477,23497,23509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23430,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23432,60],{"class":59},[53,23434,64],{"class":63},[53,23436,679],{"class":67},[53,23438,253],{"class":252},[53,23440,183],{"class":256},[53,23442,253],{"class":252},[53,23444,597],{"class":67},[53,23446,5371],{"class":71},[53,23448,75],{"class":67},[53,23450,264],{"class":252},[53,23452,1453],{"class":256},[53,23454,253],{"class":252},[53,23456,597],{"class":67},[53,23458,78],{"class":71},[53,23460,75],{"class":67},[53,23462,264],{"class":252},[53,23464,1428],{"class":256},[53,23466,253],{"class":252},[53,23468,597],{"class":67},[53,23470,83],{"class":71},[53,23472,9176],{"class":67},[53,23474,23475],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23476,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23478,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23480,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23482,21444],{"class":59},[53,23484,75],{"class":67},[53,23486,21449],{"class":59},[53,23488,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23490,4138],{"class":59},[53,23492,95],{"class":67},[53,23494,530],{"class":98},[53,23496,21460],{"class":67},[53,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23500,6270],{"class":1558},[53,23502,21449],{"class":59},[53,23504,4562],{"class":63},[53,23506,78],{"class":71},[53,23508,6265],{"class":67},[53,23510,23511,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,23512,23513],{"class":59},"        numbers",[53,23515,338],{"class":67},[53,23517,253],{"class":252},[53,23519,18632],{"class":256},[53,23521,253],{"class":252},[53,23523,13138],{"class":67},[53,23525,13141],{"class":63},[53,23527,23528],{"class":71}," 4\n",[14,23530,23531],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23533,23534],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[44,23536,23538],{"className":46,"code":23537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23539,23540,23584,23588,23613,23625,23643,23647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23541,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23543,60],{"class":59},[53,23545,64],{"class":63},[53,23547,679],{"class":67},[53,23549,253],{"class":252},[53,23551,183],{"class":256},[53,23553,253],{"class":252},[53,23555,597],{"class":67},[53,23557,5371],{"class":71},[53,23559,75],{"class":67},[53,23561,264],{"class":252},[53,23563,1453],{"class":256},[53,23565,253],{"class":252},[53,23567,597],{"class":67},[53,23569,78],{"class":71},[53,23571,75],{"class":67},[53,23573,264],{"class":252},[53,23575,1428],{"class":256},[53,23577,253],{"class":252},[53,23579,597],{"class":67},[53,23581,83],{"class":71},[53,23583,9176],{"class":67},[53,23585,23586],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23589,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23591,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23593,21444],{"class":59},[53,23595,75],{"class":67},[53,23597,21449],{"class":59},[53,23599,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23601,22425],{"class":2782},[53,23603,102],{"class":67},[53,23605,92],{"class":98},[53,23607,95],{"class":67},[53,23609,530],{"class":98},[53,23611,23612],{"class":67},"()):\n",[53,23614,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23616,6270],{"class":1558},[53,23618,21449],{"class":59},[53,23620,4562],{"class":63},[53,23622,78],{"class":71},[53,23624,6265],{"class":67},[53,23626,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,23628,23513],{"class":59},[53,23630,338],{"class":67},[53,23632,253],{"class":252},[53,23634,18632],{"class":256},[53,23636,253],{"class":252},[53,23638,13138],{"class":67},[53,23640,13141],{"class":63},[53,23642,23528],{"class":71},[53,23644,23645],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,23646,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23648,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,23650,115],{"class":114},[53,23652,102],{"class":67},[53,23654,92],{"class":98},[53,23656,108],{"class":67},[830,23658,23660],{"id":23659},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23662,23663],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[44,23665,23667],{"className":46,"code":23666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23668,23669,23701,23705,23721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23672,1692],{"class":59},[53,23674,64],{"class":63},[53,23676,679],{"class":67},[53,23678,253],{"class":252},[53,23680,2056],{"class":256},[53,23682,253],{"class":252},[53,23684,597],{"class":67},[53,23686,5876],{"class":71},[53,23688,75],{"class":67},[53,23690,264],{"class":252},[53,23692,11613],{"class":256},[53,23694,253],{"class":252},[53,23696,597],{"class":67},[53,23698,7658],{"class":71},[53,23700,9176],{"class":67},[53,23702,23703],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23704,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,23706,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,23708,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23710,5833],{"class":59},[53,23712,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23714,14429],{"class":59},[53,23716,95],{"class":67},[53,23718,530],{"class":98},[53,23720,21460],{"class":67},[53,23722,23723,23725,23727,23729],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,23724,7936],{"class":114},[53,23726,102],{"class":67},[53,23728,212],{"class":98},[53,23730,108],{"class":67},[14,23732,23733],{},[23,23734,328],{},[44,23736,23738],{"className":46,"code":23737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23739,23740,23756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23741,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23743,102],{"class":67},[53,23745,341],{"class":252},[53,23747,2056],{"class":256},[53,23749,341],{"class":252},[53,23751,75],{"class":67},[53,23753,5876],{"class":71},[53,23755,108],{"class":67},[53,23757,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23759,102],{"class":67},[53,23761,341],{"class":252},[53,23763,11613],{"class":256},[53,23765,341],{"class":252},[53,23767,75],{"class":67},[53,23769,7658],{"class":71},[53,23771,108],{"class":67},[14,23773,23774,23775,23777],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23776,21520],{}," pair.",[39,23779,1650],{"id":1649},[830,23781,23783,23784,5020],{"id":23782},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23785,16943],{},[14,23787,17287,23788,23790],{},[18,23789,21773],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[830,23792,12570,23794,23796],{"id":23793},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23795,16943],{}," return a list?",[14,23798,23799,23800,23803],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23801,23802],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[830,23805,23807,23808,2370],{"id":23806},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23809,16943],{},[14,23811,23812],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[44,23814,23816],{"className":46,"code":23815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23817,23818,23838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23819,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23821,1559],{"class":1558},[53,23823,21444],{"class":59},[53,23825,75],{"class":67},[53,23827,21449],{"class":59},[53,23829,1565],{"class":1558},[53,23831,11634],{"class":59},[53,23833,95],{"class":67},[53,23835,530],{"class":98},[53,23837,21460],{"class":67},[53,23839,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,23841,7936],{"class":114},[53,23843,102],{"class":67},[53,23845,14704],{"class":98},[53,23847,75],{"class":67},[53,23849,8299],{"class":98},[53,23851,108],{"class":67},[830,23853,12570,23855,23857],{"id":23854},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,23856,16943],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23859,23860],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[39,23862,1782],{"id":1781},[140,23864,23865,23871,23877,23882,23886],{},[143,23866,23867],{},[183,23868,10604,23869,10608],{"href":22752},[18,23870,16930],{},[143,23872,23873],{},[183,23874,10604,23875,10608],{"href":22760},[18,23876,16936],{},[143,23878,23879],{},[183,23880,23881],{"href":22339},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[143,23883,23884],{},[183,23885,9024],{"href":12890},[143,23887,23888],{},[183,23889,23890],{"href":21643},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1810,23892,23893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":23895},[23896,23897,23899,23900,23901,23903,23904,23906,23908,23917,23927],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":21503,"depth":89,"text":23898},"What items() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":21834,"depth":89,"text":21835},{"id":22060,"depth":89,"text":23902},"Looping with items()",{"id":22343,"depth":89,"text":22344},{"id":22535,"depth":89,"text":23905},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22770,"depth":89,"text":23907},"When to use items()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":23909},[23910,23912,23914,23916],{"id":22965,"depth":111,"text":23911},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23222,"depth":111,"text":23913},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23414,"depth":111,"text":23915},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23659,"depth":111,"text":23660},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":23918},[23919,23921,23923,23925],{"id":23782,"depth":111,"text":23920},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23793,"depth":111,"text":23922},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23806,"depth":111,"text":23924},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23854,"depth":111,"text":23926},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21371,"description":23928},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23935,"title":23936,"body":23937,"description":26027,"extension":1841,"meta":26028,"navigation":301,"path":22752,"seo":26029,"stem":26030,"__hash__":26031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23938,"toc":25993},[23939,23944,23950,23953,23964,23971,23973,24056,24060,24107,24112,24117,24122,24124,24140,24142,24241,24245,24302,24305,24307,24310,24403,24407,24470,24473,24489,24494,24496,24498,24513,24515,24526,24528,24571,24574,24618,24621,24623,24630,24633,24650,24652,24745,24749,24790,24802,24806,24809,24897,24901,24921,24924,24951,24958,24963,24967,24978,24980,25084,25088,25114,25117,25184,25189,25192,25215,25220,25224,25229,25235,25240,25242,25297,25301,25328,25335,25341,25344,25369,25375,25401,25404,25479,25486,25491,25493,25532,25550,25554,25556,25599,25602,25604,25623,25625,25630,25655,25658,25728,25731,25804,25808,25810,25871,25874,25890,25892,25897,25902,25909,25918,25924,25930,25937,25943,25947,25952,25954,25990],[10,23940,11186,23942,11190],{"id":23941},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23943,16930],{},[14,23945,23946,23947,23949],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,23948,16930],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23951,23952],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[140,23954,23955,23958,23961],{},[143,23956,23957],{},"view the available keys",[143,23959,23960],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[143,23962,23963],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23965,23966,23968,23969,95],{},[18,23967,16930],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,23970,16879],{},[39,23972,1882],{"id":1881},[44,23974,23976],{"className":46,"code":23975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,23977,23978,24014,24028,24032,24042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23979,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23981,12730],{"class":59},[53,23983,64],{"class":63},[53,23985,679],{"class":67},[53,23987,253],{"class":252},[53,23989,592],{"class":256},[53,23991,253],{"class":252},[53,23993,597],{"class":67},[53,23995,264],{"class":252},[53,23997,12747],{"class":256},[53,23999,253],{"class":252},[53,24001,75],{"class":67},[53,24003,264],{"class":252},[53,24005,9166],{"class":256},[53,24007,253],{"class":252},[53,24009,597],{"class":67},[53,24011,7658],{"class":71},[53,24013,9176],{"class":67},[53,24015,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24017,17107],{"class":59},[53,24019,64],{"class":63},[53,24021,12773],{"class":59},[53,24023,95],{"class":67},[53,24025,16788],{"class":98},[53,24027,8510],{"class":67},[53,24029,24030],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24031,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24033,24034,24036,24038,24040],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,24035,115],{"class":114},[53,24037,102],{"class":67},[53,24039,16788],{"class":98},[53,24041,108],{"class":67},[53,24043,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,24045,115],{"class":114},[53,24047,102],{"class":67},[53,24049,7961],{"class":2782},[53,24051,102],{"class":67},[53,24053,16788],{"class":98},[53,24055,1907],{"class":67},[14,24057,24058],{},[23,24059,328],{},[44,24061,24063],{"className":46,"code":24062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24064,24065,24087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24066,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24068,16879],{"class":98},[53,24070,619],{"class":67},[53,24072,341],{"class":252},[53,24074,592],{"class":256},[53,24076,341],{"class":252},[53,24078,75],{"class":67},[53,24080,350],{"class":252},[53,24082,9166],{"class":256},[53,24084,341],{"class":252},[53,24086,632],{"class":67},[53,24088,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24090,338],{"class":67},[53,24092,341],{"class":252},[53,24094,592],{"class":256},[53,24096,341],{"class":252},[53,24098,75],{"class":67},[53,24100,350],{"class":252},[53,24102,9166],{"class":256},[53,24104,341],{"class":252},[53,24106,86],{"class":67},[14,24108,131,24109,24111],{},[18,24110,16930],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[39,24113,3556,24115,3559],{"id":24114},"what-keys-does",[18,24116,16930],{},[14,24118,24119,24121],{},[18,24120,16930],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24123,11327],{},[140,24125,24126,24129,24132,24137],{},[143,24127,24128],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[143,24130,24131],{},"It does not need any arguments",[143,24133,17287,24134,24136],{},[18,24135,16879],{}," view object, not a list",[143,24138,24139],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24141,235],{},[44,24143,24145],{"className":46,"code":24144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24146,24147,24183,24187,24201,24205,24227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24148,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24150,13069],{"class":59},[53,24152,64],{"class":63},[53,24154,679],{"class":67},[53,24156,253],{"class":252},[53,24158,592],{"class":256},[53,24160,253],{"class":252},[53,24162,597],{"class":67},[53,24164,264],{"class":252},[53,24166,13086],{"class":256},[53,24168,253],{"class":252},[53,24170,75],{"class":67},[53,24172,264],{"class":252},[53,24174,9166],{"class":256},[53,24176,253],{"class":252},[53,24178,597],{"class":67},[53,24180,9173],{"class":71},[53,24182,9176],{"class":67},[53,24184,24185],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24186,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24188,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24190,115],{"class":114},[53,24192,102],{"class":67},[53,24194,17172],{"class":98},[53,24196,95],{"class":67},[53,24198,16788],{"class":98},[53,24200,7064],{"class":67},[53,24202,24203],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,24204,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24206,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,24208,17172],{"class":59},[53,24210,338],{"class":67},[53,24212,253],{"class":252},[53,24214,10276],{"class":256},[53,24216,253],{"class":252},[53,24218,13138],{"class":67},[53,24220,13141],{"class":63},[53,24222,264],{"class":252},[53,24224,10283],{"class":256},[53,24226,3239],{"class":252},[53,24228,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,24230,115],{"class":114},[53,24232,102],{"class":67},[53,24234,17172],{"class":98},[53,24236,95],{"class":67},[53,24238,16788],{"class":98},[53,24240,7064],{"class":67},[14,24242,24243],{},[23,24244,328],{},[44,24246,24248],{"className":46,"code":24247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24249,24250,24272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24251,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24253,16879],{"class":98},[53,24255,619],{"class":67},[53,24257,341],{"class":252},[53,24259,592],{"class":256},[53,24261,341],{"class":252},[53,24263,75],{"class":67},[53,24265,350],{"class":252},[53,24267,9166],{"class":256},[53,24269,341],{"class":252},[53,24271,632],{"class":67},[53,24273,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24275,16879],{"class":98},[53,24277,619],{"class":67},[53,24279,341],{"class":252},[53,24281,592],{"class":256},[53,24283,341],{"class":252},[53,24285,75],{"class":67},[53,24287,350],{"class":252},[53,24289,9166],{"class":256},[53,24291,341],{"class":252},[53,24293,75],{"class":67},[53,24295,350],{"class":252},[53,24297,10276],{"class":256},[53,24299,341],{"class":252},[53,24301,632],{"class":67},[14,24303,24304],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[39,24306,5660],{"id":5659},[14,24308,24309],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[44,24311,24313],{"className":46,"code":24312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24314,24315,24367,24371,24385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24316,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24318,1692],{"class":59},[53,24320,64],{"class":63},[53,24322,679],{"class":67},[53,24324,253],{"class":252},[53,24326,592],{"class":256},[53,24328,253],{"class":252},[53,24330,597],{"class":67},[53,24332,264],{"class":252},[53,24334,12747],{"class":256},[53,24336,253],{"class":252},[53,24338,75],{"class":67},[53,24340,264],{"class":252},[53,24342,9166],{"class":256},[53,24344,253],{"class":252},[53,24346,597],{"class":67},[53,24348,7658],{"class":71},[53,24350,75],{"class":67},[53,24352,264],{"class":252},[53,24354,19755],{"class":256},[53,24356,253],{"class":252},[53,24358,597],{"class":67},[53,24360,264],{"class":252},[53,24362,22110],{"class":256},[53,24364,253],{"class":252},[53,24366,9176],{"class":67},[53,24368,24369],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24370,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24372,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24374,115],{"class":114},[53,24376,102],{"class":67},[53,24378,1709],{"class":98},[53,24380,95],{"class":67},[53,24382,16788],{"class":98},[53,24384,7064],{"class":67},[53,24386,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,24388,115],{"class":114},[53,24390,102],{"class":67},[53,24392,7961],{"class":2782},[53,24394,102],{"class":67},[53,24396,1709],{"class":98},[53,24398,95],{"class":67},[53,24400,16788],{"class":98},[53,24402,6162],{"class":67},[14,24404,24405],{},[23,24406,328],{},[44,24408,24410],{"className":46,"code":24409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24411,24412,24442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24413,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24415,16879],{"class":98},[53,24417,619],{"class":67},[53,24419,341],{"class":252},[53,24421,592],{"class":256},[53,24423,341],{"class":252},[53,24425,75],{"class":67},[53,24427,350],{"class":252},[53,24429,9166],{"class":256},[53,24431,341],{"class":252},[53,24433,75],{"class":67},[53,24435,350],{"class":252},[53,24437,19755],{"class":256},[53,24439,341],{"class":252},[53,24441,632],{"class":67},[53,24443,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24445,338],{"class":67},[53,24447,341],{"class":252},[53,24449,592],{"class":256},[53,24451,341],{"class":252},[53,24453,75],{"class":67},[53,24455,350],{"class":252},[53,24457,9166],{"class":256},[53,24459,341],{"class":252},[53,24461,75],{"class":67},[53,24463,350],{"class":252},[53,24465,19755],{"class":256},[53,24467,341],{"class":252},[53,24469,86],{"class":67},[14,24471,24472],{},"This shows two things:",[140,24474,24475,24483],{},[143,24476,24477,21840,24480,24482],{},[18,24478,24479],{},"data.keys()",[18,24481,16879],{}," object",[143,24484,24485,24488],{},[18,24486,24487],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24490,9020,24491,95],{},[183,24492,24493],{"href":9258},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[39,24495,190],{"id":189},[14,24497,2042],{},[44,24499,24501],{"className":46,"code":24500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24502,24503],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24506,11318],{"class":59},[53,24508,95],{"class":67},[53,24510,16788],{"class":98},[53,24512,8510],{"class":67},[14,24514,21665],{},[140,24516,24517,24520,24523],{},[143,24518,24519],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[143,24521,24522],{},"It takes no parameters",[143,24524,24525],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24527,16520],{},[44,24529,24531],{"className":46,"code":24530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24532,24533,24557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24534,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24536,12730],{"class":59},[53,24538,64],{"class":63},[53,24540,679],{"class":67},[53,24542,253],{"class":252},[53,24544,592],{"class":256},[53,24546,253],{"class":252},[53,24548,597],{"class":67},[53,24550,264],{"class":252},[53,24552,12747],{"class":256},[53,24554,253],{"class":252},[53,24556,9176],{"class":67},[53,24558,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24560,115],{"class":114},[53,24562,102],{"class":67},[53,24564,13489],{"class":98},[53,24566,95],{"class":67},[53,24568,16788],{"class":98},[53,24570,7064],{"class":67},[14,24572,24573],{},"Incorrect:",[44,24575,24577],{"className":46,"code":24576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24578,24579,24603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24580,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24582,12730],{"class":59},[53,24584,64],{"class":63},[53,24586,679],{"class":67},[53,24588,253],{"class":252},[53,24590,592],{"class":256},[53,24592,253],{"class":252},[53,24594,597],{"class":67},[53,24596,264],{"class":252},[53,24598,12747],{"class":256},[53,24600,253],{"class":252},[53,24602,9176],{"class":67},[53,24604,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24616],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24606,115],{"class":114},[53,24608,102],{"class":67},[53,24610,13489],{"class":98},[53,24612,95],{"class":67},[53,24614,16788],{"class":24615},"skxfh",[53,24617,108],{"class":67},[14,24619,24620],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[39,24622,17284],{"id":17283},[14,24624,24625,21840,24627,24629],{},[18,24626,16930],{},[18,24628,16879],{}," object.",[14,24631,24632],{},"This object:",[140,24634,24635,24638,24641,24647],{},[143,24636,24637],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[143,24639,24640],{},"can be used in a loop",[143,24642,24643,24644],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24645,24646],{},"list()",[143,24648,24649],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24651,235],{},[44,24653,24655],{"className":46,"code":24654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24656,24657,24698,24702,24717,24721,24731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24658,24659,24662,24664,24666,24668,24671,24673,24675,24677,24680,24682,24684,24686,24689,24691,24693,24696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24660,24661],{"class":59},"car ",[53,24663,64],{"class":63},[53,24665,679],{"class":67},[53,24667,253],{"class":252},[53,24669,24670],{"class":256},"brand",[53,24672,253],{"class":252},[53,24674,597],{"class":67},[53,24676,264],{"class":252},[53,24678,24679],{"class":256},"Toyota",[53,24681,253],{"class":252},[53,24683,75],{"class":67},[53,24685,264],{"class":252},[53,24687,24688],{"class":256},"year",[53,24690,253],{"class":252},[53,24692,597],{"class":67},[53,24694,24695],{"class":71}," 2020",[53,24697,9176],{"class":67},[53,24699,24700],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24701,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24703,24704,24706,24708,24711,24713,24715],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24705,276],{"class":59},[53,24707,64],{"class":63},[53,24709,24710],{"class":59}," car",[53,24712,95],{"class":67},[53,24714,16788],{"class":98},[53,24716,8510],{"class":67},[53,24718,24719],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,24720,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24722,24723,24725,24727,24729],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,24724,115],{"class":114},[53,24726,102],{"class":67},[53,24728,323],{"class":98},[53,24730,108],{"class":67},[53,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,24734,115],{"class":114},[53,24736,102],{"class":67},[53,24738,3102],{"class":2782},[53,24740,102],{"class":67},[53,24742,323],{"class":98},[53,24744,1907],{"class":67},[14,24746,24747],{},[23,24748,328],{},[44,24750,24752],{"className":46,"code":24751,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24753,24754,24776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24755,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24757,16879],{"class":98},[53,24759,619],{"class":67},[53,24761,341],{"class":252},[53,24763,24670],{"class":256},[53,24765,341],{"class":252},[53,24767,75],{"class":67},[53,24769,350],{"class":252},[53,24771,24688],{"class":256},[53,24773,341],{"class":252},[53,24775,632],{"class":67},[53,24777,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24779,3171],{"class":63},[53,24781,3174],{"class":1945},[53,24783,350],{"class":252},[53,24785,16879],{"class":256},[53,24787,341],{"class":252},[53,24789,3183],{"class":63},[14,24791,24792,24793,24797,24798,95],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[183,24794,10604,24795,10608],{"href":16933},[18,24796,16936],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[183,24799,10604,24800,10608],{"href":16940},[18,24801,16943],{},[39,24803,24805],{"id":24804},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24807,24808],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[44,24810,24812],{"className":46,"code":24811,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24813,24814,24867,24871,24887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24815,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24863,24865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24817,12730],{"class":59},[53,24819,64],{"class":63},[53,24821,679],{"class":67},[53,24823,253],{"class":252},[53,24825,592],{"class":256},[53,24827,253],{"class":252},[53,24829,597],{"class":67},[53,24831,264],{"class":252},[53,24833,12747],{"class":256},[53,24835,253],{"class":252},[53,24837,75],{"class":67},[53,24839,264],{"class":252},[53,24841,9166],{"class":256},[53,24843,253],{"class":252},[53,24845,597],{"class":67},[53,24847,7658],{"class":71},[53,24849,75],{"class":67},[53,24851,264],{"class":252},[53,24853,15192],{"class":256},[53,24855,253],{"class":252},[53,24857,597],{"class":67},[53,24859,264],{"class":252},[53,24861,24862],{"class":256},"Math",[53,24864,253],{"class":252},[53,24866,9176],{"class":67},[53,24868,24869],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24870,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,24872,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24874,1559],{"class":1558},[53,24876,18073],{"class":59},[53,24878,1565],{"class":1558},[53,24880,12773],{"class":59},[53,24882,95],{"class":67},[53,24884,16788],{"class":98},[53,24886,21460],{"class":67},[53,24888,24889,24891,24893,24895],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,24890,7936],{"class":114},[53,24892,102],{"class":67},[53,24894,14704],{"class":98},[53,24896,108],{"class":67},[14,24898,24899],{},[23,24900,328],{},[44,24902,24904],{"className":46,"code":24903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,24905,24906,24911,24916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24907,24908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24909,24910],{"class":59},"name\n",[53,24912,24913],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24914,24915],{"class":59},"age\n",[53,24917,24918],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,24919,24920],{"class":59},"course\n",[14,24922,24923],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[44,24925,24927],{"className":46,"code":24926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,24928,24929,24941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24930,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24932,1559],{"class":1558},[53,24934,18073],{"class":59},[53,24936,1565],{"class":1558},[53,24938,12773],{"class":59},[53,24940,6265],{"class":67},[53,24942,24943,24945,24947,24949],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,24944,7936],{"class":114},[53,24946,102],{"class":67},[53,24948,14704],{"class":98},[53,24950,108],{"class":67},[14,24952,24953,24954,24957],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,24955,24956],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[39,24959,4835,24961],{"id":24960},"when-to-use-keys",[18,24962,16930],{},[14,24964,131,24965,10468],{},[18,24966,16930],{},[140,24968,24969,24972,24975],{},[143,24970,24971],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[143,24973,24974],{},"you want to display available fields",[143,24976,24977],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24979,235],{},[44,24981,24983],{"className":46,"code":24982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24984,24985,25038,25042,25057,25074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24986,24987,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25007,25009,25011,25013,25016,25018,25020,25023,25025,25027,25030,25032,25034,25036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24988,24989],{"class":59},"product ",[53,24991,64],{"class":63},[53,24993,679],{"class":67},[53,24995,253],{"class":252},[53,24997,592],{"class":256},[53,24999,253],{"class":252},[53,25001,597],{"class":67},[53,25003,264],{"class":252},[53,25005,25006],{"class":256},"Book",[53,25008,253],{"class":252},[53,25010,75],{"class":67},[53,25012,264],{"class":252},[53,25014,25015],{"class":256},"price",[53,25017,253],{"class":252},[53,25019,597],{"class":67},[53,25021,25022],{"class":71}," 12.99",[53,25024,75],{"class":67},[53,25026,264],{"class":252},[53,25028,25029],{"class":256},"stock",[53,25031,253],{"class":252},[53,25033,597],{"class":67},[53,25035,1577],{"class":71},[53,25037,9176],{"class":67},[53,25039,25040],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25041,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,25043,25044,25046,25048,25050,25053,25055],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25045,115],{"class":114},[53,25047,102],{"class":67},[53,25049,253],{"class":252},[53,25051,25052],{"class":256},"Available fields:",[53,25054,253],{"class":252},[53,25056,108],{"class":67},[53,25058,25059,25061,25063,25065,25068,25070,25072],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25060,1559],{"class":1558},[53,25062,18073],{"class":59},[53,25064,1565],{"class":1558},[53,25066,25067],{"class":59}," product",[53,25069,95],{"class":67},[53,25071,16788],{"class":98},[53,25073,21460],{"class":67},[53,25075,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,25077,7936],{"class":114},[53,25079,102],{"class":67},[53,25081,14704],{"class":98},[53,25083,108],{"class":67},[14,25085,25086],{},[23,25087,328],{},[44,25089,25091],{"className":46,"code":25090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25092,25093,25100,25104,25109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25094,25095,25098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25096,25097],{"class":59},"Available fields",[53,25099,6265],{"class":67},[53,25101,25102],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25103,24910],{"class":59},[53,25105,25106],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25107,25108],{"class":59},"price\n",[53,25110,25111],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25112,25113],{"class":59},"stock\n",[14,25115,25116],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[44,25118,25120],{"className":46,"code":25119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25121,25122,25158,25162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25123,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25125,24989],{"class":59},[53,25127,64],{"class":63},[53,25129,679],{"class":67},[53,25131,253],{"class":252},[53,25133,592],{"class":256},[53,25135,253],{"class":252},[53,25137,597],{"class":67},[53,25139,264],{"class":252},[53,25141,25006],{"class":256},[53,25143,253],{"class":252},[53,25145,75],{"class":67},[53,25147,264],{"class":252},[53,25149,25015],{"class":256},[53,25151,253],{"class":252},[53,25153,597],{"class":67},[53,25155,25022],{"class":71},[53,25157,9176],{"class":67},[53,25159,25160],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25161,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,25163,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25165,115],{"class":114},[53,25167,102],{"class":67},[53,25169,253],{"class":252},[53,25171,592],{"class":256},[53,25173,253],{"class":252},[53,25175,21038],{"class":1558},[53,25177,25067],{"class":98},[53,25179,95],{"class":67},[53,25181,16788],{"class":98},[53,25183,7064],{"class":67},[14,25185,25186,25187,95],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25188,573],{},[14,25190,25191],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[44,25193,25195],{"className":46,"code":25194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25196,25197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25198,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25200,115],{"class":114},[53,25202,102],{"class":67},[53,25204,253],{"class":252},[53,25206,592],{"class":256},[53,25208,253],{"class":252},[53,25210,21038],{"class":1558},[53,25212,25067],{"class":98},[53,25214,108],{"class":67},[14,25216,25217,25218,95],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[183,25219,21071],{"href":17018},[39,25221,25223],{"id":25222},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25225,25226,25227,95],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25228,16930],{},[830,25230,8319,25232,25234],{"id":25231},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25233,16930],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25236,25237,25239],{},[18,25238,16930],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25241,235],{},[44,25243,25245],{"className":46,"code":25244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25246,25247,25283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25248,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25250,1692],{"class":59},[53,25252,64],{"class":63},[53,25254,679],{"class":67},[53,25256,253],{"class":252},[53,25258,592],{"class":256},[53,25260,253],{"class":252},[53,25262,597],{"class":67},[53,25264,264],{"class":252},[53,25266,12747],{"class":256},[53,25268,253],{"class":252},[53,25270,75],{"class":67},[53,25272,264],{"class":252},[53,25274,9166],{"class":256},[53,25276,253],{"class":252},[53,25278,597],{"class":67},[53,25280,7658],{"class":71},[53,25282,9176],{"class":67},[53,25284,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25286,115],{"class":114},[53,25288,102],{"class":67},[53,25290,1709],{"class":98},[53,25292,95],{"class":67},[53,25294,16788],{"class":98},[53,25296,7064],{"class":67},[14,25298,25299],{},[23,25300,328],{},[44,25302,25304],{"className":46,"code":25303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25305,25306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25307,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25309,16879],{"class":98},[53,25311,619],{"class":67},[53,25313,341],{"class":252},[53,25315,592],{"class":256},[53,25317,341],{"class":252},[53,25319,75],{"class":67},[53,25321,350],{"class":252},[53,25323,9166],{"class":256},[53,25325,341],{"class":252},[53,25327,632],{"class":67},[14,25329,25330,25331,95],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[183,25332,25333],{"href":16940},[18,25334,16943],{},[830,25336,25338,25339],{"id":25337},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25340,16879],{},[14,25342,25343],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[44,25345,25347],{"className":46,"code":25346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25348,25349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25350,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25352,338],{"class":67},[53,25354,341],{"class":252},[53,25356,592],{"class":256},[53,25358,341],{"class":252},[53,25360,75],{"class":67},[53,25362,350],{"class":252},[53,25364,9166],{"class":256},[53,25366,341],{"class":252},[53,25368,86],{"class":67},[14,25370,25371,25372,25374],{},"But ",[18,25373,16930],{}," returns:",[44,25376,25377],{"className":46,"code":25303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,25378,25379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25380,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25382,16879],{"class":98},[53,25384,619],{"class":67},[53,25386,341],{"class":252},[53,25388,592],{"class":256},[53,25390,341],{"class":252},[53,25392,75],{"class":67},[53,25394,350],{"class":252},[53,25396,9166],{"class":256},[53,25398,341],{"class":252},[53,25400,632],{"class":67},[14,25402,25403],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[44,25405,25407],{"className":46,"code":25406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25408,25409,25445,25464,25468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25410,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25412,1692],{"class":59},[53,25414,64],{"class":63},[53,25416,679],{"class":67},[53,25418,253],{"class":252},[53,25420,592],{"class":256},[53,25422,253],{"class":252},[53,25424,597],{"class":67},[53,25426,264],{"class":252},[53,25428,12747],{"class":256},[53,25430,253],{"class":252},[53,25432,75],{"class":67},[53,25434,264],{"class":252},[53,25436,9166],{"class":256},[53,25438,253],{"class":252},[53,25440,597],{"class":67},[53,25442,7658],{"class":71},[53,25444,9176],{"class":67},[53,25446,25447,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25448,25449],{"class":59},"key_list ",[53,25451,64],{"class":63},[53,25453,22425],{"class":2782},[53,25455,102],{"class":67},[53,25457,1709],{"class":98},[53,25459,95],{"class":67},[53,25461,16788],{"class":98},[53,25463,7064],{"class":67},[53,25465,25466],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25467,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,25469,25470,25472,25474,25477],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25471,115],{"class":114},[53,25473,102],{"class":67},[53,25475,25476],{"class":98},"key_list",[53,25478,108],{"class":67},[830,25480,25482,25483,25485],{"id":25481},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25484,16930],{}," on a list or string",[14,25487,25488,25490],{},[18,25489,16930],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25492,2716],{},[44,25494,25496],{"className":46,"code":25495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25497,25498,25518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25499,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25501,60],{"class":59},[53,25503,64],{"class":63},[53,25505,68],{"class":67},[53,25507,72],{"class":71},[53,25509,75],{"class":67},[53,25511,78],{"class":71},[53,25513,75],{"class":67},[53,25515,83],{"class":71},[53,25517,86],{"class":67},[53,25519,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25521,115],{"class":114},[53,25523,102],{"class":67},[53,25525,92],{"class":98},[53,25527,95],{"class":67},[53,25529,16788],{"class":98},[53,25531,7064],{"class":67},[14,25533,25534,25535,25538,25539,25541,25542,95],{},"You may get an ",[18,25536,25537],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25540,16930],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[183,25543,25545,25546,25549],{"href":25544},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25547,25548],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[830,25551,25553],{"id":25552},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25555,1046],{},[44,25557,25559],{"className":46,"code":25558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25560,25561,25585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25562,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25564,1692],{"class":59},[53,25566,64],{"class":63},[53,25568,679],{"class":67},[53,25570,253],{"class":252},[53,25572,592],{"class":256},[53,25574,253],{"class":252},[53,25576,597],{"class":67},[53,25578,264],{"class":252},[53,25580,12747],{"class":256},[53,25582,253],{"class":252},[53,25584,9176],{"class":67},[53,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25588,115],{"class":114},[53,25590,102],{"class":67},[53,25592,1709],{"class":98},[53,25594,95],{"class":67},[53,25596,16788],{"class":24615},[53,25598,108],{"class":67},[14,25600,25601],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25603,18559],{},[44,25605,25607],{"className":46,"code":25606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25608,25609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25610,25611,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25612,115],{"class":114},[53,25614,102],{"class":67},[53,25616,1709],{"class":98},[53,25618,95],{"class":67},[53,25620,16788],{"class":98},[53,25622,7064],{"class":67},[39,25624,2709],{"id":2708},[14,25626,25627,25628,597],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25629,16930],{},[140,25631,25632,25637,25643,25649],{},[143,25633,833,25634,25636],{},[18,25635,16930],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[143,25638,25639,25640,25642],{},"Thinking ",[18,25641,16930],{}," returns values too",[143,25644,25645,25646,25648],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25647,16879],{}," like a normal list",[143,25650,25651,25652,25654],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25653,16879],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25656,25657],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[44,25659,25661],{"className":46,"code":25660,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25662,25663,25695,25709,25713,25723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25664,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25666,1692],{"class":59},[53,25668,64],{"class":63},[53,25670,679],{"class":67},[53,25672,253],{"class":252},[53,25674,183],{"class":256},[53,25676,253],{"class":252},[53,25678,597],{"class":67},[53,25680,5371],{"class":71},[53,25682,75],{"class":67},[53,25684,264],{"class":252},[53,25686,1453],{"class":256},[53,25688,253],{"class":252},[53,25690,597],{"class":67},[53,25692,78],{"class":71},[53,25694,9176],{"class":67},[53,25696,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25698,17107],{"class":59},[53,25700,64],{"class":63},[53,25702,14429],{"class":59},[53,25704,95],{"class":67},[53,25706,16788],{"class":98},[53,25708,8510],{"class":67},[53,25710,25711],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25712,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,25714,25715,25717,25719,25721],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25716,115],{"class":114},[53,25718,102],{"class":67},[53,25720,16788],{"class":98},[53,25722,108],{"class":67},[53,25724,25725],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,25726,25727],{"class":127},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25729,25730],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[44,25732,25734],{"className":46,"code":25733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25735,25736,25768,25786,25790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25737,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25739,1692],{"class":59},[53,25741,64],{"class":63},[53,25743,679],{"class":67},[53,25745,253],{"class":252},[53,25747,183],{"class":256},[53,25749,253],{"class":252},[53,25751,597],{"class":67},[53,25753,5371],{"class":71},[53,25755,75],{"class":67},[53,25757,264],{"class":252},[53,25759,1453],{"class":256},[53,25761,253],{"class":252},[53,25763,597],{"class":67},[53,25765,78],{"class":71},[53,25767,9176],{"class":67},[53,25769,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25771,17107],{"class":59},[53,25773,64],{"class":63},[53,25775,22425],{"class":2782},[53,25777,102],{"class":67},[53,25779,1709],{"class":98},[53,25781,95],{"class":67},[53,25783,16788],{"class":98},[53,25785,7064],{"class":67},[53,25787,25788],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25789,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,25791,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25793,115],{"class":114},[53,25795,102],{"class":67},[53,25797,16788],{"class":98},[53,25799,338],{"class":67},[53,25801,2000],{"class":71},[53,25803,632],{"class":67},[39,25805,25807],{"id":25806},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25809,10980],{},[44,25811,25813],{"className":46,"code":25812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,25814,25815,25829,25839,25853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25818,115],{"class":114},[53,25820,102],{"class":67},[53,25822,3102],{"class":2782},[53,25824,102],{"class":67},[53,25826,11318],{"class":98},[53,25828,1907],{"class":67},[53,25830,25831,25833,25835,25837],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,25832,115],{"class":114},[53,25834,102],{"class":67},[53,25836,11318],{"class":98},[53,25838,108],{"class":67},[53,25840,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,25842,115],{"class":114},[53,25844,102],{"class":67},[53,25846,11318],{"class":98},[53,25848,95],{"class":67},[53,25850,16788],{"class":98},[53,25852,7064],{"class":67},[53,25854,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,25856,115],{"class":114},[53,25858,102],{"class":67},[53,25860,7961],{"class":2782},[53,25862,102],{"class":67},[53,25864,11318],{"class":98},[53,25866,95],{"class":67},[53,25868,16788],{"class":98},[53,25870,6162],{"class":67},[14,25872,25873],{},"These help you confirm:",[140,25875,25876,25879,25882,25887],{},[143,25877,25878],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[143,25880,25881],{},"what data it contains",[143,25883,25884,25885,11573],{},"what ",[18,25886,16930],{},[143,25888,25889],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[39,25891,1650],{"id":1649},[830,25893,23783,25895,5020],{"id":25894},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,25896,16930],{},[14,25898,17287,25899,25901],{},[18,25900,16879],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[830,25903,14766,25905,25908],{"id":25904},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,25906,25907],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25910,25911,25912,25914,25915,95],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,25913,16879],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,25916,25917],{},"list(dict.keys())",[830,25919,25921,25922,2370],{"id":25920},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,25923,25907],{},[14,25925,25926,25927,25929],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,25928,1559],{}," loop.",[830,25931,25933,25934,25936],{"id":25932},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,25935,16930],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25938,25939,25940,25942],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,25941,16930],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[830,25944,25946],{"id":25945},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25948,131,25949,95],{},[18,25950,25951],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[39,25953,1782],{"id":1781},[140,25955,25956,25961,25967,25973,25979,25983],{},[143,25957,25958],{},[183,25959,25960],{"href":9258},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[143,25962,25963],{},[183,25964,10604,25965,10608],{"href":16933},[18,25966,16936],{},[143,25968,25969],{},[183,25970,10604,25971,10608],{"href":16940},[18,25972,16943],{},[143,25974,25975],{},[183,25976,25978],{"href":25977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[143,25980,25981],{},[183,25982,17019],{"href":17018},[143,25984,25985],{},[183,25986,25987,25988,25549],{"href":25544},"How to fix ",[18,25989,25548],{},[1810,25991,25992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":25994},[25995,25996,25998,25999,26000,26001,26002,26004,26013,26014,26015,26026],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":24114,"depth":89,"text":25997},"What keys() does",{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":24804,"depth":89,"text":24805},{"id":24960,"depth":89,"text":26003},"When to use keys()",{"id":25222,"depth":89,"text":25223,"children":26005},[26006,26008,26010,26012],{"id":25231,"depth":111,"text":26007},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25337,"depth":111,"text":26009},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25481,"depth":111,"text":26011},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25552,"depth":111,"text":25553},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":25806,"depth":89,"text":25807},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":26016},[26017,26019,26021,26023,26025],{"id":25894,"depth":111,"text":26018},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25904,"depth":111,"text":26020},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25920,"depth":111,"text":26022},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25932,"depth":111,"text":26024},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25945,"depth":111,"text":25946},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23936,"description":26027},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26033,"title":26034,"body":26035,"description":28308,"extension":1841,"meta":28309,"navigation":301,"path":28310,"seo":28311,"stem":28312,"__hash__":28313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26036,"toc":28261},[26037,26042,26047,26050,26052,26198,26211,26216,26220,26234,26236,26339,26348,26350,26353,26391,26416,26418,26525,26527,26534,26537,26545,26547,26688,26696,26701,26705,26716,26718,26880,26883,26891,26898,26904,27001,27007,27084,27087,27099,27104,27110,27113,27117,27206,27209,27213,27317,27324,27411,27420,27422,27427,27433,27436,27482,27485,27551,27560,27566,27659,27665,27671,27714,27717,27782,27788,27880,27883,27887,27893,27918,27921,28017,28024,28026,28031,28122,28124,28152,28157,28159,28166,28169,28173,28183,28188,28191,28198,28208,28215,28223,28225,28258],[10,26038,11186,26040,11190],{"id":26039},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26041,12629],{},[14,26043,26044,26046],{},[18,26045,12435],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26048,26049],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[39,26051,42],{"id":41},[44,26053,26055],{"className":46,"code":26054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26056,26057,26093,26117,26131,26144,26148,26153,26185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26060,13069],{"class":59},[53,26062,64],{"class":63},[53,26064,679],{"class":67},[53,26066,253],{"class":252},[53,26068,592],{"class":256},[53,26070,253],{"class":252},[53,26072,597],{"class":67},[53,26074,264],{"class":252},[53,26076,12747],{"class":256},[53,26078,253],{"class":252},[53,26080,75],{"class":67},[53,26082,264],{"class":252},[53,26084,9166],{"class":256},[53,26086,253],{"class":252},[53,26088,597],{"class":67},[53,26090,9173],{"class":71},[53,26092,9176],{"class":67},[53,26094,26095,26098,26100,26102,26104,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26096,26097],{"class":59},"removed_age ",[53,26099,64],{"class":63},[53,26101,13112],{"class":59},[53,26103,95],{"class":67},[53,26105,26106],{"class":98},"pop",[53,26108,102],{"class":67},[53,26110,253],{"class":252},[53,26112,9166],{"class":256},[53,26114,253],{"class":252},[53,26116,108],{"class":67},[53,26118,26119,26121,26123,26126,26128],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26120,115],{"class":114},[53,26122,102],{"class":67},[53,26124,26125],{"class":98},"removed_age",[53,26127,3539],{"class":67},[53,26129,26130],{"class":127},"   # 25\n",[53,26132,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26134,115],{"class":114},[53,26136,102],{"class":67},[53,26138,17172],{"class":98},[53,26140,3539],{"class":67},[53,26142,26143],{"class":127},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[53,26145,26146],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26147,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26149,26150],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,26151,26152],{"class":127},"# Safe version with default value\n",[53,26154,26155,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26181,26183],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,26156,26157],{"class":59},"country ",[53,26159,64],{"class":63},[53,26161,13112],{"class":59},[53,26163,95],{"class":67},[53,26165,26106],{"class":98},[53,26167,102],{"class":67},[53,26169,253],{"class":252},[53,26171,15125],{"class":256},[53,26173,253],{"class":252},[53,26175,75],{"class":67},[53,26177,264],{"class":252},[53,26179,26180],{"class":256},"Not found",[53,26182,253],{"class":252},[53,26184,108],{"class":67},[53,26186,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,26188,115],{"class":114},[53,26190,102],{"class":67},[53,26192,15125],{"class":98},[53,26194,3539],{"class":67},[53,26196,26197],{"class":127},"       # Not found\n",[14,26199,131,26200,26203,26204,26207,26208,26210],{},[18,26201,26202],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26205,26206],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26209,19551],{}," when the key might not exist.",[39,26212,3556,26214,3559],{"id":26213},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26215,12435],{},[14,26217,26218,597],{},[18,26219,12435],{},[140,26221,26222,26225,26228,26231],{},[143,26223,26224],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[143,26226,26227],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[143,26229,26230],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[143,26232,26233],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26235,235],{},[44,26237,26239],{"className":46,"code":26238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26240,26241,26281,26285,26308,26312,26326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26242,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26244,11355],{"class":59},[53,26246,64],{"class":63},[53,26248,679],{"class":67},[53,26250,253],{"class":252},[53,26252,592],{"class":256},[53,26254,253],{"class":252},[53,26256,597],{"class":67},[53,26258,264],{"class":252},[53,26260,13086],{"class":256},[53,26262,253],{"class":252},[53,26264,75],{"class":67},[53,26266,264],{"class":252},[53,26268,10276],{"class":256},[53,26270,253],{"class":252},[53,26272,597],{"class":67},[53,26274,264],{"class":252},[53,26276,10283],{"class":256},[53,26278,253],{"class":252},[53,26280,9176],{"class":67},[53,26282,26283],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26284,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26286,26287,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26288,26289],{"class":59},"removed_city ",[53,26291,64],{"class":63},[53,26293,11438],{"class":59},[53,26295,95],{"class":67},[53,26297,26106],{"class":98},[53,26299,102],{"class":67},[53,26301,253],{"class":252},[53,26303,10276],{"class":256},[53,26305,253],{"class":252},[53,26307,108],{"class":67},[53,26309,26310],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26311,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26313,26314,26316,26318,26321,26323],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26315,115],{"class":114},[53,26317,102],{"class":67},[53,26319,26320],{"class":98},"removed_city",[53,26322,3539],{"class":67},[53,26324,26325],{"class":127},"  # Paris\n",[53,26327,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,26329,115],{"class":114},[53,26331,102],{"class":67},[53,26333,11449],{"class":98},[53,26335,3539],{"class":67},[53,26337,26338],{"class":127},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26340,20635,26341,26344,26345,95],{},[18,26342,26343],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26346,26347],{},"\"Paris\"",[39,26349,2039],{"id":2038},[14,26351,26352],{},"There are two common forms:",[44,26354,26356],{"className":46,"code":26355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26357,26358,26372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26359,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26361,11318],{"class":59},[53,26363,95],{"class":67},[53,26365,26106],{"class":98},[53,26367,102],{"class":67},[53,26369,14704],{"class":98},[53,26371,108],{"class":67},[53,26373,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26389],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26375,11318],{"class":59},[53,26377,95],{"class":67},[53,26379,26106],{"class":98},[53,26381,102],{"class":67},[53,26383,14704],{"class":98},[53,26385,75],{"class":67},[53,26387,26388],{"class":98}," default",[53,26390,108],{"class":67},[140,26392,26393,26399,26407,26413],{},[143,26394,26395,26398],{},[18,26396,26397],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[143,26400,26401,26403,26404,26406],{},[18,26402,26397],{}," raises ",[18,26405,19551],{}," if the key is missing",[143,26408,26409,26412],{},[18,26410,26411],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[143,26414,26415],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26417,235],{},[44,26419,26421],{"className":46,"code":26420,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26422,26423,26455,26459,26484,26512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26424,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26426,4938],{"class":59},[53,26428,64],{"class":63},[53,26430,679],{"class":67},[53,26432,253],{"class":252},[53,26434,18281],{"class":256},[53,26436,253],{"class":252},[53,26438,597],{"class":67},[53,26440,19762],{"class":71},[53,26442,75],{"class":67},[53,26444,264],{"class":252},[53,26446,18290],{"class":256},[53,26448,253],{"class":252},[53,26450,597],{"class":67},[53,26452,13372],{"class":71},[53,26454,9176],{"class":67},[53,26456,26457],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26458,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26460,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26462,115],{"class":114},[53,26464,102],{"class":67},[53,26466,16253],{"class":98},[53,26468,95],{"class":67},[53,26470,26106],{"class":98},[53,26472,102],{"class":67},[53,26474,253],{"class":252},[53,26476,18281],{"class":256},[53,26478,253],{"class":252},[53,26480,5236],{"class":67},[53,26482,26483],{"class":127},"         # 90\n",[53,26485,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26487,115],{"class":114},[53,26489,102],{"class":67},[53,26491,16253],{"class":98},[53,26493,95],{"class":67},[53,26495,26106],{"class":98},[53,26497,102],{"class":67},[53,26499,253],{"class":252},[53,26501,18299],{"class":256},[53,26503,253],{"class":252},[53,26505,75],{"class":67},[53,26507,3713],{"class":71},[53,26509,5236],{"class":67},[53,26511,20632],{"class":127},[53,26513,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26515,115],{"class":114},[53,26517,102],{"class":67},[53,26519,16253],{"class":98},[53,26521,3539],{"class":67},[53,26523,26524],{"class":127},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[39,26526,17284],{"id":17283},[14,26528,26529,13916,26531,26533],{},[18,26530,12629],{},[23,26532,36],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26535,26536],{},"Instead, it returns:",[140,26538,26539,26542],{},[143,26540,26541],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[143,26543,26544],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26546,235],{},[44,26548,26550],{"className":46,"code":26549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26551,26552,26584,26588,26611,26643,26647,26661,26675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26553,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26555,1692],{"class":59},[53,26557,64],{"class":63},[53,26559,679],{"class":67},[53,26561,253],{"class":252},[53,26563,183],{"class":256},[53,26565,253],{"class":252},[53,26567,597],{"class":67},[53,26569,5876],{"class":71},[53,26571,75],{"class":67},[53,26573,264],{"class":252},[53,26575,1453],{"class":256},[53,26577,253],{"class":252},[53,26579,597],{"class":67},[53,26581,7658],{"class":71},[53,26583,9176],{"class":67},[53,26585,26586],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26589,26590,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26591,26592],{"class":59},"result1 ",[53,26594,64],{"class":63},[53,26596,14429],{"class":59},[53,26598,95],{"class":67},[53,26600,26106],{"class":98},[53,26602,102],{"class":67},[53,26604,253],{"class":252},[53,26606,183],{"class":256},[53,26608,253],{"class":252},[53,26610,108],{"class":67},[53,26612,26613,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26639,26641],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26614,26615],{"class":59},"result2 ",[53,26617,64],{"class":63},[53,26619,14429],{"class":59},[53,26621,95],{"class":67},[53,26623,26106],{"class":98},[53,26625,102],{"class":67},[53,26627,253],{"class":252},[53,26629,1428],{"class":256},[53,26631,253],{"class":252},[53,26633,75],{"class":67},[53,26635,264],{"class":252},[53,26637,26638],{"class":256},"missing",[53,26640,253],{"class":252},[53,26642,108],{"class":67},[53,26644,26645],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26646,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26648,26649,26651,26653,26656,26658],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,26650,115],{"class":114},[53,26652,102],{"class":67},[53,26654,26655],{"class":98},"result1",[53,26657,3539],{"class":67},[53,26659,26660],{"class":127},"  # 10\n",[53,26662,26663,26665,26667,26670,26672],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,26664,115],{"class":114},[53,26666,102],{"class":67},[53,26668,26669],{"class":98},"result2",[53,26671,3539],{"class":67},[53,26673,26674],{"class":127},"  # missing\n",[53,26676,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,26678,115],{"class":114},[53,26680,102],{"class":67},[53,26682,1709],{"class":98},[53,26684,3539],{"class":67},[53,26686,26687],{"class":127},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26689,26690,26691,1381],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[183,26692,26693],{"href":10603},[18,26694,26695],{},"dict.get()",[39,26697,4835,26699],{"id":26698},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26700,12629],{},[14,26702,131,26703,10468],{},[18,26704,12629],{},[140,26706,26707,26710,26713],{},[143,26708,26709],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[143,26711,26712],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[143,26714,26715],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26717,235],{},[44,26719,26721],{"className":46,"code":26720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26722,26723,26775,26779,26806,26810,26834,26838,26852,26866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26724,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26759,26761,26763,26766,26768,26770,26773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26726,24989],{"class":59},[53,26728,64],{"class":63},[53,26730,679],{"class":67},[53,26732,253],{"class":252},[53,26734,592],{"class":256},[53,26736,253],{"class":252},[53,26738,597],{"class":67},[53,26740,264],{"class":252},[53,26742,26743],{"class":256},"Laptop",[53,26745,253],{"class":252},[53,26747,75],{"class":67},[53,26749,264],{"class":252},[53,26751,25015],{"class":256},[53,26753,253],{"class":252},[53,26755,597],{"class":67},[53,26757,26758],{"class":71}," 1200",[53,26760,75],{"class":67},[53,26762,264],{"class":252},[53,26764,26765],{"class":256},"discount",[53,26767,253],{"class":252},[53,26769,597],{"class":67},[53,26771,26772],{"class":71}," 200",[53,26774,9176],{"class":67},[53,26776,26777],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26778,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26780,26781,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26782,26783],{"class":59},"discount_amount ",[53,26785,64],{"class":63},[53,26787,25067],{"class":59},[53,26789,95],{"class":67},[53,26791,26106],{"class":98},[53,26793,102],{"class":67},[53,26795,253],{"class":252},[53,26797,26765],{"class":256},[53,26799,253],{"class":252},[53,26801,75],{"class":67},[53,26803,3713],{"class":71},[53,26805,108],{"class":67},[53,26807,26808],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26809,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26811,26812,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26813,26814],{"class":59},"final_price ",[53,26816,64],{"class":63},[53,26818,25067],{"class":59},[53,26820,338],{"class":67},[53,26822,253],{"class":252},[53,26824,25015],{"class":256},[53,26826,253],{"class":252},[53,26828,13138],{"class":67},[53,26830,2103],{"class":63},[53,26832,26833],{"class":59}," discount_amount\n",[53,26835,26836],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,26837,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26839,26840,26842,26844,26847,26849],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,26841,115],{"class":114},[53,26843,102],{"class":67},[53,26845,26846],{"class":98},"discount_amount",[53,26848,3539],{"class":67},[53,26850,26851],{"class":127},"  # 200\n",[53,26853,26854,26856,26858,26861,26863],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,26855,115],{"class":114},[53,26857,102],{"class":67},[53,26859,26860],{"class":98},"final_price",[53,26862,3539],{"class":67},[53,26864,26865],{"class":127},"      # 1000\n",[53,26867,26868,26870,26872,26875,26877],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,26869,115],{"class":114},[53,26871,102],{"class":67},[53,26873,26874],{"class":98},"product",[53,26876,3539],{"class":67},[53,26878,26879],{"class":127},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26881,26882],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[39,26884,26886,10452,26888],{"id":26885},"pop-vs-del",[18,26887,12629],{},[18,26889,26890],{},"del",[14,26892,10457,26893,4269,26895,26897],{},[18,26894,12629],{},[18,26896,26890],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[830,26899,131,26901,26903],{"id":26900},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,26902,12629],{}," when you need the removed value",[44,26905,26907],{"className":46,"code":26906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26908,26909,26945,26949,26971,26975,26988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26910,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26912,13069],{"class":59},[53,26914,64],{"class":63},[53,26916,679],{"class":67},[53,26918,253],{"class":252},[53,26920,592],{"class":256},[53,26922,253],{"class":252},[53,26924,597],{"class":67},[53,26926,264],{"class":252},[53,26928,12747],{"class":256},[53,26930,253],{"class":252},[53,26932,75],{"class":67},[53,26934,264],{"class":252},[53,26936,9166],{"class":256},[53,26938,253],{"class":252},[53,26940,597],{"class":67},[53,26942,9173],{"class":71},[53,26944,9176],{"class":67},[53,26946,26947],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,26948,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26950,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,26952,21493],{"class":59},[53,26954,64],{"class":63},[53,26956,13112],{"class":59},[53,26958,95],{"class":67},[53,26960,26106],{"class":98},[53,26962,102],{"class":67},[53,26964,253],{"class":252},[53,26966,9166],{"class":256},[53,26968,253],{"class":252},[53,26970,108],{"class":67},[53,26972,26973],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,26974,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,26976,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,26978,115],{"class":114},[53,26980,102],{"class":67},[53,26982,9166],{"class":98},[53,26984,3539],{"class":67},[53,26986,26987],{"class":127},"     # 25\n",[53,26989,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,26991,115],{"class":114},[53,26993,102],{"class":67},[53,26995,17172],{"class":98},[53,26997,3539],{"class":67},[53,26999,27000],{"class":127},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[830,27002,131,27004,27006],{"id":27003},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27005,26890],{}," when you only want deletion",[44,27008,27010],{"className":46,"code":27009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27011,27012,27048,27052,27068,27072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27013,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27015,13069],{"class":59},[53,27017,64],{"class":63},[53,27019,679],{"class":67},[53,27021,253],{"class":252},[53,27023,592],{"class":256},[53,27025,253],{"class":252},[53,27027,597],{"class":67},[53,27029,264],{"class":252},[53,27031,12747],{"class":256},[53,27033,253],{"class":252},[53,27035,75],{"class":67},[53,27037,264],{"class":252},[53,27039,9166],{"class":256},[53,27041,253],{"class":252},[53,27043,597],{"class":67},[53,27045,9173],{"class":71},[53,27047,9176],{"class":67},[53,27049,27050],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27051,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27053,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27055,26890],{"class":1558},[53,27057,13112],{"class":59},[53,27059,338],{"class":67},[53,27061,253],{"class":252},[53,27063,9166],{"class":256},[53,27065,253],{"class":252},[53,27067,86],{"class":67},[53,27069,27070],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27071,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27073,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27075,115],{"class":114},[53,27077,102],{"class":67},[53,27079,17172],{"class":98},[53,27081,3539],{"class":67},[53,27083,27000],{"class":127},[14,27085,27086],{},"Difference:",[140,27088,27089,27094],{},[143,27090,27091,27093],{},[18,27092,12629],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[143,27095,27096,27098],{},[18,27097,26890],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27100,27101,27102,95],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[183,27103,12440],{"href":12439},[39,27105,27107,27108],{"id":27106},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27109,19551],{},[14,27111,27112],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[830,27114,27116],{"id":27115},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[44,27118,27120],{"className":46,"code":27119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27121,27122,27147,27151,27177,27181,27193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27123,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27143,27145],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27125,11592],{"class":59},[53,27127,64],{"class":63},[53,27129,679],{"class":67},[53,27131,253],{"class":252},[53,27133,592],{"class":256},[53,27135,253],{"class":252},[53,27137,597],{"class":67},[53,27139,264],{"class":252},[53,27141,27142],{"class":256},"Sara",[53,27144,253],{"class":252},[53,27146,9176],{"class":67},[53,27148,27149],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27150,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27152,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27154,2325],{"class":59},[53,27156,64],{"class":63},[53,27158,11634],{"class":59},[53,27160,95],{"class":67},[53,27162,26106],{"class":98},[53,27164,102],{"class":67},[53,27166,253],{"class":252},[53,27168,9166],{"class":256},[53,27170,253],{"class":252},[53,27172,75],{"class":67},[53,27174,3731],{"class":369},[53,27176,108],{"class":67},[53,27178,27179],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27180,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27184,115],{"class":114},[53,27186,102],{"class":67},[53,27188,2350],{"class":98},[53,27190,3539],{"class":67},[53,27192,20425],{"class":127},[53,27194,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,27196,115],{"class":114},[53,27198,102],{"class":67},[53,27200,11318],{"class":98},[53,27202,3539],{"class":67},[53,27204,27205],{"class":127}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27207,27208],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[830,27210,27212],{"id":27211},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[44,27214,27216],{"className":46,"code":27215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27217,27218,27242,27246,27262,27285,27295,27302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27219,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27221,11592],{"class":59},[53,27223,64],{"class":63},[53,27225,679],{"class":67},[53,27227,253],{"class":252},[53,27229,592],{"class":256},[53,27231,253],{"class":252},[53,27233,597],{"class":67},[53,27235,264],{"class":252},[53,27237,27142],{"class":256},[53,27239,253],{"class":252},[53,27241,9176],{"class":67},[53,27243,27244],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27245,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27247,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27249,6867],{"class":1558},[53,27251,264],{"class":252},[53,27253,9166],{"class":256},[53,27255,253],{"class":252},[53,27257,21038],{"class":63},[53,27259,11634],{"class":59},[53,27261,6265],{"class":67},[53,27263,27264,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27265,27266],{"class":59},"    value ",[53,27268,64],{"class":63},[53,27270,11634],{"class":59},[53,27272,95],{"class":67},[53,27274,26106],{"class":98},[53,27276,102],{"class":67},[53,27278,253],{"class":252},[53,27280,9166],{"class":256},[53,27282,253],{"class":252},[53,27284,108],{"class":67},[53,27286,27287,27289,27291,27293],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27288,7936],{"class":114},[53,27290,102],{"class":67},[53,27292,2350],{"class":98},[53,27294,108],{"class":67},[53,27296,27297,27300],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,27298,27299],{"class":1558},"else",[53,27301,6265],{"class":67},[53,27303,27304,27306,27308,27310,27313,27315],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,27305,7936],{"class":114},[53,27307,102],{"class":67},[53,27309,253],{"class":252},[53,27311,27312],{"class":256},"Key not found",[53,27314,253],{"class":252},[53,27316,108],{"class":67},[830,27318,27320,27321,27323],{"id":27319},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27322,10607],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[44,27325,27327],{"className":46,"code":27326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27328,27329,27353,27357,27383,27387,27399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27330,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27332,11592],{"class":59},[53,27334,64],{"class":63},[53,27336,679],{"class":67},[53,27338,253],{"class":252},[53,27340,592],{"class":256},[53,27342,253],{"class":252},[53,27344,597],{"class":67},[53,27346,264],{"class":252},[53,27348,27142],{"class":256},[53,27350,253],{"class":252},[53,27352,9176],{"class":67},[53,27354,27355],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27356,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27358,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27360,2325],{"class":59},[53,27362,64],{"class":63},[53,27364,11634],{"class":59},[53,27366,95],{"class":67},[53,27368,19614],{"class":98},[53,27370,102],{"class":67},[53,27372,253],{"class":252},[53,27374,9166],{"class":256},[53,27376,253],{"class":252},[53,27378,75],{"class":67},[53,27380,3731],{"class":369},[53,27382,108],{"class":67},[53,27384,27385],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27386,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27388,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27390,115],{"class":114},[53,27392,102],{"class":67},[53,27394,2350],{"class":98},[53,27396,3539],{"class":67},[53,27398,20425],{"class":127},[53,27400,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,27402,115],{"class":114},[53,27404,102],{"class":67},[53,27406,11318],{"class":98},[53,27408,3539],{"class":67},[53,27410,27205],{"class":127},[14,27412,131,27413,27417,27418,95],{},[183,27414,27415],{"href":10603},[18,27416,26695],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[183,27419,11130],{"href":10941},[39,27421,1039],{"id":1038},[14,27423,27424,27425,95],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27426,12435],{},[830,27428,25639,27430,27432],{"id":27429},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27431,12629],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27434,27435],{},"Lists use indexes:",[44,27437,27439],{"className":46,"code":27438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27440,27441,27461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27442,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27444,60],{"class":59},[53,27446,64],{"class":63},[53,27448,68],{"class":67},[53,27450,539],{"class":71},[53,27452,75],{"class":67},[53,27454,7658],{"class":71},[53,27456,75],{"class":67},[53,27458,7663],{"class":71},[53,27460,86],{"class":67},[53,27462,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27464,115],{"class":114},[53,27466,102],{"class":67},[53,27468,92],{"class":98},[53,27470,95],{"class":67},[53,27472,26106],{"class":98},[53,27474,102],{"class":67},[53,27476,72],{"class":71},[53,27478,5236],{"class":67},[53,27480,27481],{"class":127},"  # 20\n",[14,27483,27484],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[44,27486,27488],{"className":46,"code":27487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27489,27490,27526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27491,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27493,13069],{"class":59},[53,27495,64],{"class":63},[53,27497,679],{"class":67},[53,27499,253],{"class":252},[53,27501,592],{"class":256},[53,27503,253],{"class":252},[53,27505,597],{"class":67},[53,27507,264],{"class":252},[53,27509,12747],{"class":256},[53,27511,253],{"class":252},[53,27513,75],{"class":67},[53,27515,264],{"class":252},[53,27517,9166],{"class":256},[53,27519,253],{"class":252},[53,27521,597],{"class":67},[53,27523,9173],{"class":71},[53,27525,9176],{"class":67},[53,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27529,115],{"class":114},[53,27531,102],{"class":67},[53,27533,17172],{"class":98},[53,27535,95],{"class":67},[53,27537,26106],{"class":98},[53,27539,102],{"class":67},[53,27541,253],{"class":252},[53,27543,9166],{"class":256},[53,27545,253],{"class":252},[53,27547,5236],{"class":67},[53,27549,27550],{"class":127},"  # 25\n",[14,27552,27553,27554,27556,27557,27559],{},"A dictionary does ",[23,27555,36],{}," use positions with ",[18,27558,12629],{},". It uses keys.",[830,27561,4578,27563,27565],{"id":27562},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27564,12629],{}," changes the original dictionary",[44,27567,27569],{"className":46,"code":27568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27570,27571,27603,27607,27629,27633,27646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27572,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27574,1692],{"class":59},[53,27576,64],{"class":63},[53,27578,679],{"class":67},[53,27580,253],{"class":252},[53,27582,2056],{"class":256},[53,27584,253],{"class":252},[53,27586,597],{"class":67},[53,27588,5371],{"class":71},[53,27590,75],{"class":67},[53,27592,264],{"class":252},[53,27594,11613],{"class":256},[53,27596,253],{"class":252},[53,27598,597],{"class":67},[53,27600,78],{"class":71},[53,27602,9176],{"class":67},[53,27604,27605],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27606,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27608,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27610,2325],{"class":59},[53,27612,64],{"class":63},[53,27614,14429],{"class":59},[53,27616,95],{"class":67},[53,27618,26106],{"class":98},[53,27620,102],{"class":67},[53,27622,253],{"class":252},[53,27624,2056],{"class":256},[53,27626,253],{"class":252},[53,27628,108],{"class":67},[53,27630,27631],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27632,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27634,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27636,115],{"class":114},[53,27638,102],{"class":67},[53,27640,2350],{"class":98},[53,27642,3539],{"class":67},[53,27644,27645],{"class":127},"  # 1\n",[53,27647,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,27649,115],{"class":114},[53,27651,102],{"class":67},[53,27653,1709],{"class":98},[53,27655,3539],{"class":67},[53,27657,27658],{"class":127},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27660,27661,27662,27664],{},"After ",[18,27663,12629],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[830,27666,833,27668,27670],{"id":27667},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27669,12629],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[44,27672,27674],{"className":46,"code":27673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27675,27676,27700,27704,27709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27677,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27679,1692],{"class":59},[53,27681,64],{"class":63},[53,27683,679],{"class":67},[53,27685,253],{"class":252},[53,27687,592],{"class":256},[53,27689,253],{"class":252},[53,27691,597],{"class":67},[53,27693,264],{"class":252},[53,27695,7788],{"class":256},[53,27697,253],{"class":252},[53,27699,9176],{"class":67},[53,27701,27702],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27703,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27705,27706],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27707,27708],{"class":127},"# This causes an error\n",[53,27710,27711],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27712,27713],{"class":127},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27715,27716],{},"Safer version:",[44,27718,27720],{"className":46,"code":27719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27721,27722,27746,27750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27723,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27725,1692],{"class":59},[53,27727,64],{"class":63},[53,27729,679],{"class":67},[53,27731,253],{"class":252},[53,27733,592],{"class":256},[53,27735,253],{"class":252},[53,27737,597],{"class":67},[53,27739,264],{"class":252},[53,27741,7788],{"class":256},[53,27743,253],{"class":252},[53,27745,9176],{"class":67},[53,27747,27748],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27749,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27751,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27753,115],{"class":114},[53,27755,102],{"class":67},[53,27757,1709],{"class":98},[53,27759,95],{"class":67},[53,27761,26106],{"class":98},[53,27763,102],{"class":67},[53,27765,253],{"class":252},[53,27767,9166],{"class":256},[53,27769,253],{"class":252},[53,27771,75],{"class":67},[53,27773,264],{"class":252},[53,27775,26638],{"class":256},[53,27777,253],{"class":252},[53,27779,5236],{"class":67},[53,27781,26674],{"class":127},[830,27783,8319,27785,27787],{"id":27784},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27786,12629],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[44,27789,27791],{"className":46,"code":27790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27792,27793,27825,27829,27851,27855,27867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27794,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27796,1692],{"class":59},[53,27798,64],{"class":63},[53,27800,679],{"class":67},[53,27802,253],{"class":252},[53,27804,183],{"class":256},[53,27806,253],{"class":252},[53,27808,597],{"class":67},[53,27810,5371],{"class":71},[53,27812,75],{"class":67},[53,27814,264],{"class":252},[53,27816,1453],{"class":256},[53,27818,253],{"class":252},[53,27820,597],{"class":67},[53,27822,78],{"class":71},[53,27824,9176],{"class":67},[53,27826,27827],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27828,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27830,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27832,276],{"class":59},[53,27834,64],{"class":63},[53,27836,14429],{"class":59},[53,27838,95],{"class":67},[53,27840,26106],{"class":98},[53,27842,102],{"class":67},[53,27844,253],{"class":252},[53,27846,183],{"class":256},[53,27848,253],{"class":252},[53,27850,108],{"class":67},[53,27852,27853],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27854,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27856,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,27858,115],{"class":114},[53,27860,102],{"class":67},[53,27862,323],{"class":98},[53,27864,3539],{"class":67},[53,27866,27645],{"class":127},[53,27868,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,27870,115],{"class":114},[53,27872,102],{"class":67},[53,27874,1709],{"class":98},[53,27876,3539],{"class":67},[53,27878,27879],{"class":127},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27881,27882],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[39,27884,27886],{"id":27885},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27888,27889,27890,27892],{},"Problems with ",[18,27891,12435],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[140,27894,27895,27898,27907,27910],{},[143,27896,27897],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[143,27899,27900,27901,27904,27905],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,27902,27903],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,27906,26202],{},[143,27908,27909],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[143,27911,27912,27913,10959,27915],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,27914,72],{},[18,27916,27917],{},"\"1\"",[14,27919,27920],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[44,27922,27924],{"className":46,"code":27923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,27925,27926,27950,27954,27984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27927,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27929,1692],{"class":59},[53,27931,64],{"class":63},[53,27933,679],{"class":67},[53,27935,253],{"class":252},[53,27937,72],{"class":256},[53,27939,253],{"class":252},[53,27941,597],{"class":67},[53,27943,264],{"class":252},[53,27945,6455],{"class":256},[53,27947,253],{"class":252},[53,27949,9176],{"class":67},[53,27951,27952],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,27953,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27977,27979,27981],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,27957,115],{"class":114},[53,27959,102],{"class":67},[53,27961,1709],{"class":98},[53,27963,95],{"class":67},[53,27965,26106],{"class":98},[53,27967,102],{"class":67},[53,27969,72],{"class":71},[53,27971,75],{"class":67},[53,27973,264],{"class":252},[53,27975,27976],{"class":256},"not found",[53,27978,253],{"class":252},[53,27980,5236],{"class":67},[53,27982,27983],{"class":127},"    # not found\n",[53,27985,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,27987,115],{"class":114},[53,27989,102],{"class":67},[53,27991,1709],{"class":98},[53,27993,95],{"class":67},[53,27995,26106],{"class":98},[53,27997,102],{"class":67},[53,27999,253],{"class":252},[53,28001,72],{"class":256},[53,28003,253],{"class":252},[53,28005,75],{"class":67},[53,28007,264],{"class":252},[53,28009,27976],{"class":256},[53,28011,253],{"class":252},[53,28013,5236],{"class":67},[53,28015,28016],{"class":127},"  # one\n",[14,28018,28019,4269,28021,28023],{},[18,28020,72],{},[18,28022,27917],{}," are different keys.",[39,28025,8740],{"id":8739},[14,28027,8743,28028,28030],{},[18,28029,12629],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,28032,28034],{"className":46,"code":28033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28035,28036,28046,28060,28078,28108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28037,28038,28040,28042,28044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28039,115],{"class":114},[53,28041,102],{"class":67},[53,28043,11318],{"class":98},[53,28045,108],{"class":67},[53,28047,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28049,115],{"class":114},[53,28051,102],{"class":67},[53,28053,11318],{"class":98},[53,28055,95],{"class":67},[53,28057,16788],{"class":98},[53,28059,7064],{"class":67},[53,28061,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,28063,115],{"class":114},[53,28065,102],{"class":67},[53,28067,341],{"class":252},[53,28069,592],{"class":256},[53,28071,341],{"class":252},[53,28073,21038],{"class":1558},[53,28075,11634],{"class":98},[53,28077,108],{"class":67},[53,28079,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,28081,115],{"class":114},[53,28083,102],{"class":67},[53,28085,11318],{"class":98},[53,28087,95],{"class":67},[53,28089,26106],{"class":98},[53,28091,102],{"class":67},[53,28093,341],{"class":252},[53,28095,592],{"class":256},[53,28097,341],{"class":252},[53,28099,75],{"class":67},[53,28101,350],{"class":252},[53,28103,26638],{"class":256},[53,28105,341],{"class":252},[53,28107,1907],{"class":67},[53,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,28111,115],{"class":114},[53,28113,102],{"class":67},[53,28115,3102],{"class":2782},[53,28117,102],{"class":67},[53,28119,11318],{"class":98},[53,28121,1907],{"class":67},[14,28123,21201],{},[140,28125,28126,28131,28136,28141,28147],{},[143,28127,28128,28130],{},[18,28129,12545],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[143,28132,28133,28135],{},[18,28134,21213],{}," shows all available keys",[143,28137,28138,28140],{},[18,28139,21219],{}," checks whether a key exists",[143,28142,28143,28146],{},[18,28144,28145],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[143,28148,28149,28151],{},[18,28150,12551],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28153,28154,28155,95],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[183,28156,9259],{"href":9258},[39,28158,1650],{"id":1649},[830,28160,28162,28163,28165],{"id":28161},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28164,12629],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28167,28168],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[830,28170,28172],{"id":28171},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28174,28175,26403,28177,28179,28180,28182],{},[18,28176,26202],{},[18,28178,19551],{},". ",[18,28181,26206],{}," returns the default value instead.",[830,28184,12570,28186,14759],{"id":28185},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28187,12629],{},[14,28189,28190],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[830,28192,28194,28195,28197],{"id":28193},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28196,12629],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28199,28200,28201,28203,28204,95],{},"Not with ",[18,28202,12435],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[183,28205,28206],{"href":12446},[18,28207,12636],{},[830,28209,5055,28211,4269,28213,2370],{"id":28210},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28212,10607],{},[18,28214,12629],{},[14,28216,28217,28219,28220,28222],{},[18,28218,10607],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28221,12629],{}," reads and removes it.",[39,28224,1782],{"id":1781},[140,28226,28227,28233,28240,28244,28248,28252],{},[143,28228,28229],{},[183,28230,28231],{"href":10603},[18,28232,19532],{},[143,28234,28235],{},[183,28236,28237],{"href":12446},[18,28238,28239],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[143,28241,28242],{},[183,28243,12653],{"href":12439},[143,28245,28246],{},[183,28247,21322],{"href":16461},[143,28249,28250],{},[183,28251,11130],{"href":10941},[143,28253,28254],{},[183,28255,28257],{"href":28256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1810,28259,28260],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":28262},[28263,28264,28266,28267,28268,28270,28277,28284,28294,28295,28296,28307],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":26213,"depth":89,"text":28265},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":26698,"depth":89,"text":28269},"When to use pop()",{"id":26885,"depth":89,"text":28271,"children":28272},"pop() vs del",[28273,28275],{"id":26900,"depth":111,"text":28274},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27003,"depth":111,"text":28276},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27106,"depth":89,"text":28278,"children":28279},"How to avoid KeyError",[28280,28281,28282],{"id":27115,"depth":111,"text":27116},{"id":27211,"depth":111,"text":27212},{"id":27319,"depth":111,"text":28283},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":28285},[28286,28288,28290,28292],{"id":27429,"depth":111,"text":28287},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27562,"depth":111,"text":28289},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27667,"depth":111,"text":28291},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27784,"depth":111,"text":28293},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27885,"depth":89,"text":27886},{"id":8739,"depth":89,"text":8740},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":28297},[28298,28300,28301,28303,28305],{"id":28161,"depth":111,"text":28299},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28171,"depth":111,"text":28172},{"id":28185,"depth":111,"text":28302},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28193,"depth":111,"text":28304},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28210,"depth":111,"text":28306},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26034,"description":28308},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28315,"title":28239,"body":28316,"description":30256,"extension":1841,"meta":30257,"navigation":301,"path":30258,"seo":30259,"stem":30260,"__hash__":30261},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28317,"toc":30220},[28318,28323,28328,28331,28339,28349,28351,28440,28444,28493,28498,28503,28507,28523,28526,28528,28543,28545,28561,28568,28572,28578,28587,28589,28658,28662,28683,28686,28705,28708,28731,28733,28736,28851,28855,28914,28921,28925,28931,29056,29060,29110,29113,29117,29124,29126,29189,29193,29214,29217,29226,29241,29249,29256,29260,29272,29276,29287,29289,29435,29439,29498,29505,29510,29514,29520,29543,29548,29567,29571,29642,29649,29722,29731,29736,29741,29752,29755,29892,29897,29929,29934,29936,29940,30000,30003,30060,30063,30106,30108,30113,30119,30125,30128,30135,30143,30148,30151,30158,30166,30168,30217],[10,28319,11186,28321,11190],{"id":28320},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28322,12636],{},[14,28324,16,28325,28327],{},[18,28326,12636],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28329,28330],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[140,28332,28333,28336],{},[143,28334,28335],{},"remove an item",[143,28337,28338],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28340,28341,28342,28344,28345,28348],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28343,12636],{}," removes the ",[23,28346,28347],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[39,28350,1882],{"id":1881},[44,28352,28354],{"className":46,"code":28353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28355,28356,28400,28416,28420,28430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28357,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28359,1692],{"class":59},[53,28361,64],{"class":63},[53,28363,679],{"class":67},[53,28365,253],{"class":252},[53,28367,183],{"class":256},[53,28369,253],{"class":252},[53,28371,597],{"class":67},[53,28373,5371],{"class":71},[53,28375,75],{"class":67},[53,28377,264],{"class":252},[53,28379,1453],{"class":256},[53,28381,253],{"class":252},[53,28383,597],{"class":67},[53,28385,78],{"class":71},[53,28387,75],{"class":67},[53,28389,264],{"class":252},[53,28391,1428],{"class":256},[53,28393,253],{"class":252},[53,28395,597],{"class":67},[53,28397,83],{"class":71},[53,28399,9176],{"class":67},[53,28401,28402,28405,28407,28409,28411,28414],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28403,28404],{"class":59},"item ",[53,28406,64],{"class":63},[53,28408,14429],{"class":59},[53,28410,95],{"class":67},[53,28412,28413],{"class":98},"popitem",[53,28415,8510],{"class":67},[53,28417,28418],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,28419,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,28421,28422,28424,28426,28428],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,28423,115],{"class":114},[53,28425,102],{"class":67},[53,28427,212],{"class":98},[53,28429,108],{"class":67},[53,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,28433,115],{"class":114},[53,28435,102],{"class":67},[53,28437,1709],{"class":98},[53,28439,108],{"class":67},[14,28441,28442],{},[23,28443,328],{},[44,28445,28447],{"className":46,"code":28446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28448,28449,28465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28450,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28452,102],{"class":67},[53,28454,341],{"class":252},[53,28456,1428],{"class":256},[53,28458,341],{"class":252},[53,28460,75],{"class":67},[53,28462,83],{"class":71},[53,28464,108],{"class":67},[53,28466,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28468,9145],{"class":67},[53,28470,341],{"class":252},[53,28472,183],{"class":256},[53,28474,341],{"class":252},[53,28476,597],{"class":67},[53,28478,5371],{"class":71},[53,28480,75],{"class":67},[53,28482,350],{"class":252},[53,28484,1453],{"class":256},[53,28486,341],{"class":252},[53,28488,597],{"class":67},[53,28490,78],{"class":71},[53,28492,9176],{"class":67},[14,28494,28495,28497],{},[18,28496,12636],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[39,28499,3556,28501,3559],{"id":28500},"what-popitem-does",[18,28502,12636],{},[14,28504,28505,597],{},[18,28506,12636],{},[140,28508,28509,28512,28517,28520],{},[143,28510,28511],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[143,28513,28514,28515],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28516,21520],{},[143,28518,28519],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[143,28521,28522],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28524,28525],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[39,28527,2039],{"id":2038},[44,28529,28531],{"className":46,"code":28530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28532,28533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28534,28535,28537,28539,28541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28536,15468],{"class":59},[53,28538,95],{"class":67},[53,28540,28413],{"class":98},[53,28542,8510],{"class":67},[14,28544,11327],{},[140,28546,28547,28555,28558],{},[143,28548,28549,28551,28552],{},[18,28550,12636],{}," takes ",[23,28553,28554],{},"no arguments",[143,28556,28557],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[143,28559,28560],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28562,28563,28564,1381],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[183,28565,28566],{"href":12432},[18,28567,12629],{},[39,28569,28571],{"id":28570},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28573,28574,28575,28577],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28576,12636],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28579,28580,28581,28584],"ol",{},[143,28582,28583],{},"the key",[143,28585,28586],{},"the value",[14,28588,235],{},[44,28590,28592],{"className":46,"code":28591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28593,28594,28630,28644,28648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28595,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28597,13069],{"class":59},[53,28599,64],{"class":63},[53,28601,679],{"class":67},[53,28603,253],{"class":252},[53,28605,592],{"class":256},[53,28607,253],{"class":252},[53,28609,597],{"class":67},[53,28611,264],{"class":252},[53,28613,4878],{"class":256},[53,28615,253],{"class":252},[53,28617,75],{"class":67},[53,28619,264],{"class":252},[53,28621,9166],{"class":256},[53,28623,253],{"class":252},[53,28625,597],{"class":67},[53,28627,9173],{"class":71},[53,28629,9176],{"class":67},[53,28631,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28633,276],{"class":59},[53,28635,64],{"class":63},[53,28637,13112],{"class":59},[53,28639,95],{"class":67},[53,28641,28413],{"class":98},[53,28643,8510],{"class":67},[53,28645,28646],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,28647,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,28649,28650,28652,28654,28656],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,28651,115],{"class":114},[53,28653,102],{"class":67},[53,28655,323],{"class":98},[53,28657,108],{"class":67},[14,28659,28660],{},[23,28661,328],{},[44,28663,28665],{"className":46,"code":28664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28666,28667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28670,102],{"class":67},[53,28672,341],{"class":252},[53,28674,9166],{"class":256},[53,28676,341],{"class":252},[53,28678,75],{"class":67},[53,28680,9173],{"class":71},[53,28682,108],{"class":67},[14,28684,28685],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[44,28687,28689],{"className":46,"code":28688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28690,28691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28692,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28694,276],{"class":59},[53,28696,64],{"class":63},[53,28698,13112],{"class":59},[53,28700,95],{"class":67},[53,28702,28413],{"class":98},[53,28704,8510],{"class":67},[14,28706,28707],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[44,28709,28711],{"className":46,"code":28710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28712,28713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28714,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28716,14704],{"class":59},[53,28718,75],{"class":67},[53,28720,21449],{"class":59},[53,28722,64],{"class":63},[53,28724,13112],{"class":59},[53,28726,95],{"class":67},[53,28728,28413],{"class":98},[53,28730,8510],{"class":67},[39,28732,385],{"id":384},[14,28734,28735],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[44,28737,28739],{"className":46,"code":28738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28740,28741,28789,28793,28808,28812,28832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28742,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28773,28775,28777,28780,28782,28784,28787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28744,4938],{"class":59},[53,28746,64],{"class":63},[53,28748,679],{"class":67},[53,28750,253],{"class":252},[53,28752,28753],{"class":256},"Tom",[53,28755,253],{"class":252},[53,28757,597],{"class":67},[53,28759,4950],{"class":71},[53,28761,75],{"class":67},[53,28763,264],{"class":252},[53,28765,12747],{"class":256},[53,28767,253],{"class":252},[53,28769,597],{"class":67},[53,28771,28772],{"class":71}," 95",[53,28774,75],{"class":67},[53,28776,264],{"class":252},[53,28778,28779],{"class":256},"Leo",[53,28781,253],{"class":252},[53,28783,597],{"class":67},[53,28785,28786],{"class":71}," 88",[53,28788,9176],{"class":67},[53,28790,28791],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28792,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,28794,28795,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,28796,28797],{"class":59},"removed_pair ",[53,28799,64],{"class":63},[53,28801,4985],{"class":59},[53,28803,95],{"class":67},[53,28805,28413],{"class":98},[53,28807,8510],{"class":67},[53,28809,28810],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,28811,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,28813,28814,28816,28818,28820,28823,28825,28827,28830],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,28815,115],{"class":114},[53,28817,102],{"class":67},[53,28819,253],{"class":252},[53,28821,28822],{"class":256},"Removed:",[53,28824,253],{"class":252},[53,28826,75],{"class":67},[53,28828,28829],{"class":98}," removed_pair",[53,28831,108],{"class":67},[53,28833,28834,28836,28838,28840,28843,28845,28847,28849],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,28835,115],{"class":114},[53,28837,102],{"class":67},[53,28839,253],{"class":252},[53,28841,28842],{"class":256},"After removal:",[53,28844,253],{"class":252},[53,28846,75],{"class":67},[53,28848,4985],{"class":98},[53,28850,108],{"class":67},[14,28852,28853],{},[23,28854,328],{},[44,28856,28858],{"className":46,"code":28857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,28859,28860,28881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28861,28862,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28863,28864],{"class":59},"Removed",[53,28866,597],{"class":67},[53,28868,9103],{"class":67},[53,28870,341],{"class":252},[53,28872,28779],{"class":256},[53,28874,341],{"class":252},[53,28876,75],{"class":67},[53,28878,28786],{"class":71},[53,28880,108],{"class":67},[53,28882,28883,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28884,28885],{"class":59},"After removal",[53,28887,597],{"class":67},[53,28889,679],{"class":67},[53,28891,341],{"class":252},[53,28893,28753],{"class":256},[53,28895,341],{"class":252},[53,28897,597],{"class":67},[53,28899,4950],{"class":71},[53,28901,75],{"class":67},[53,28903,350],{"class":252},[53,28905,12747],{"class":256},[53,28907,341],{"class":252},[53,28909,597],{"class":67},[53,28911,28772],{"class":71},[53,28913,9176],{"class":67},[14,28915,28916,28917,28920],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,28918,28919],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[39,28922,28924],{"id":28923},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28926,28927,28928,28930],{},"Because ",[18,28929,12636],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[44,28932,28934],{"className":46,"code":28933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,28935,28936,28972,28976,28995,28999,29018,29037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28937,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28939,15311],{"class":59},[53,28941,64],{"class":63},[53,28943,679],{"class":67},[53,28945,253],{"class":252},[53,28947,15322],{"class":256},[53,28949,253],{"class":252},[53,28951,597],{"class":67},[53,28953,264],{"class":252},[53,28955,15331],{"class":256},[53,28957,253],{"class":252},[53,28959,75],{"class":67},[53,28961,264],{"class":252},[53,28963,15342],{"class":256},[53,28965,253],{"class":252},[53,28967,597],{"class":67},[53,28969,26772],{"class":71},[53,28971,9176],{"class":67},[53,28973,28974],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,28975,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,28977,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986,28989,28991,28993],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,28979,14704],{"class":59},[53,28981,75],{"class":67},[53,28983,21449],{"class":59},[53,28985,64],{"class":63},[53,28987,28988],{"class":59}," book",[53,28990,95],{"class":67},[53,28992,28413],{"class":98},[53,28994,8510],{"class":67},[53,28996,28997],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,28998,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29000,29001,29003,29005,29007,29010,29012,29014,29016],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,29002,115],{"class":114},[53,29004,102],{"class":67},[53,29006,253],{"class":252},[53,29008,29009],{"class":256},"Key:",[53,29011,253],{"class":252},[53,29013,75],{"class":67},[53,29015,21444],{"class":98},[53,29017,108],{"class":67},[53,29019,29020,29022,29024,29026,29029,29031,29033,29035],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,29021,115],{"class":114},[53,29023,102],{"class":67},[53,29025,253],{"class":252},[53,29027,29028],{"class":256},"Value:",[53,29030,253],{"class":252},[53,29032,75],{"class":67},[53,29034,8299],{"class":98},[53,29036,108],{"class":67},[53,29038,29039,29041,29043,29045,29048,29050,29052,29054],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,29040,115],{"class":114},[53,29042,102],{"class":67},[53,29044,253],{"class":252},[53,29046,29047],{"class":256},"Dictionary:",[53,29049,253],{"class":252},[53,29051,75],{"class":67},[53,29053,28988],{"class":98},[53,29055,108],{"class":67},[14,29057,29058],{},[23,29059,328],{},[44,29061,29063],{"className":46,"code":29062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29064,29065,29075,29085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29066,29067,29070,29072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29068,29069],{"class":59},"Key",[53,29071,597],{"class":67},[53,29073,29074],{"class":59}," pages\n",[53,29076,29077,29080,29082],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29078,29079],{"class":59},"Value",[53,29081,597],{"class":67},[53,29083,29084],{"class":71}," 200\n",[53,29086,29087,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29088,29089],{"class":59},"Dictionary",[53,29091,597],{"class":67},[53,29093,679],{"class":67},[53,29095,341],{"class":252},[53,29097,15322],{"class":256},[53,29099,341],{"class":252},[53,29101,597],{"class":67},[53,29103,350],{"class":252},[53,29105,15331],{"class":256},[53,29107,341],{"class":252},[53,29109,9176],{"class":67},[14,29111,29112],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[39,29114,29116],{"id":29115},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29118,29119,29120,28344,29122,95],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29121,12636],{},[23,29123,28347],{},[14,29125,235],{},[44,29127,29129],{"className":46,"code":29128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29130,29131,29175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29132,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29134,1692],{"class":59},[53,29136,64],{"class":63},[53,29138,679],{"class":67},[53,29140,253],{"class":252},[53,29142,2056],{"class":256},[53,29144,253],{"class":252},[53,29146,597],{"class":67},[53,29148,5371],{"class":71},[53,29150,75],{"class":67},[53,29152,264],{"class":252},[53,29154,11613],{"class":256},[53,29156,253],{"class":252},[53,29158,597],{"class":67},[53,29160,78],{"class":71},[53,29162,75],{"class":67},[53,29164,264],{"class":252},[53,29166,21942],{"class":256},[53,29168,253],{"class":252},[53,29170,597],{"class":67},[53,29172,83],{"class":71},[53,29174,9176],{"class":67},[53,29176,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29178,115],{"class":114},[53,29180,102],{"class":67},[53,29182,1709],{"class":98},[53,29184,95],{"class":67},[53,29186,28413],{"class":98},[53,29188,7064],{"class":67},[14,29190,29191],{},[23,29192,328],{},[44,29194,29196],{"className":46,"code":29195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29197,29198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29199,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29201,102],{"class":67},[53,29203,341],{"class":252},[53,29205,21942],{"class":256},[53,29207,341],{"class":252},[53,29209,75],{"class":67},[53,29211,83],{"class":71},[53,29213,108],{"class":67},[14,29215,29216],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29218,29219,29220,29222,29223,29225],{},"As a beginner, do ",[23,29221,36],{}," think of ",[18,29224,12636],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29227,29228,29229,2072,29233,16937,29237,95],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[183,29230,29231],{"href":16940},[18,29232,16943],{},[183,29234,29235],{"href":16927},[18,29236,16930],{},[183,29238,29239],{"href":16933},[18,29240,16936],{},[39,29242,29244,29245,4269,29247],{"id":29243},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29246,12636],{},[18,29248,12629],{},[14,29250,29251,4269,29253,29255],{},[18,29252,12636],{},[18,29254,12629],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[830,29257,29258],{"id":28413},[18,29259,12636],{},[140,29261,29262,29265,29268],{},[143,29263,29264],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[143,29266,29267],{},"does not need a key argument",[143,29269,3571,29270],{},[18,29271,21520],{},[830,29273,29274],{"id":26106},[18,29275,12629],{},[140,29277,29278,29281,29284],{},[143,29279,29280],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[143,29282,29283],{},"needs the key name",[143,29285,29286],{},"returns only the value",[14,29288,235],{},[44,29290,29292],{"className":46,"code":29291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29293,29294,29338,29342,29356,29376,29380,29402,29421,29425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29295,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29297,1692],{"class":59},[53,29299,64],{"class":63},[53,29301,679],{"class":67},[53,29303,253],{"class":252},[53,29305,183],{"class":256},[53,29307,253],{"class":252},[53,29309,597],{"class":67},[53,29311,5371],{"class":71},[53,29313,75],{"class":67},[53,29315,264],{"class":252},[53,29317,1453],{"class":256},[53,29319,253],{"class":252},[53,29321,597],{"class":67},[53,29323,78],{"class":71},[53,29325,75],{"class":67},[53,29327,264],{"class":252},[53,29329,1428],{"class":256},[53,29331,253],{"class":252},[53,29333,597],{"class":67},[53,29335,83],{"class":71},[53,29337,9176],{"class":67},[53,29339,29340],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29341,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29343,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29345,28404],{"class":59},[53,29347,64],{"class":63},[53,29349,14429],{"class":59},[53,29351,95],{"class":67},[53,29353,28413],{"class":98},[53,29355,8510],{"class":67},[53,29357,29358,29360,29362,29364,29367,29369,29371,29374],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,29359,115],{"class":114},[53,29361,102],{"class":67},[53,29363,253],{"class":252},[53,29365,29366],{"class":256},"popitem():",[53,29368,253],{"class":252},[53,29370,75],{"class":67},[53,29372,29373],{"class":98}," item",[53,29375,108],{"class":67},[53,29377,29378],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,29379,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29381,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,29383,2325],{"class":59},[53,29385,64],{"class":63},[53,29387,14429],{"class":59},[53,29389,95],{"class":67},[53,29391,26106],{"class":98},[53,29393,102],{"class":67},[53,29395,253],{"class":252},[53,29397,183],{"class":256},[53,29399,253],{"class":252},[53,29401,108],{"class":67},[53,29403,29404,29406,29408,29410,29413,29415,29417,29419],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,29405,115],{"class":114},[53,29407,102],{"class":67},[53,29409,253],{"class":252},[53,29411,29412],{"class":256},"pop('a'):",[53,29414,253],{"class":252},[53,29416,75],{"class":67},[53,29418,8299],{"class":98},[53,29420,108],{"class":67},[53,29422,29423],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,29424,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29426,29427,29429,29431,29433],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,29428,115],{"class":114},[53,29430,102],{"class":67},[53,29432,1709],{"class":98},[53,29434,108],{"class":67},[14,29436,29437],{},[23,29438,328],{},[44,29440,29442],{"className":46,"code":29441,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29443,29444,29465,29482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29445,29446,29448,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29447,28413],{"class":98},[53,29449,29450],{"class":67},"():",[53,29452,9103],{"class":67},[53,29454,341],{"class":252},[53,29456,1428],{"class":256},[53,29458,341],{"class":252},[53,29460,75],{"class":67},[53,29462,83],{"class":71},[53,29464,108],{"class":67},[53,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29468,26106],{"class":98},[53,29470,102],{"class":67},[53,29472,341],{"class":252},[53,29474,183],{"class":256},[53,29476,341],{"class":252},[53,29478,16316],{"class":67},[53,29480,29481],{"class":71}," 1\n",[53,29483,29484,29486,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29485,9145],{"class":67},[53,29487,341],{"class":252},[53,29489,1453],{"class":256},[53,29491,341],{"class":252},[53,29493,597],{"class":67},[53,29495,78],{"class":71},[53,29497,9176],{"class":67},[14,29499,131,29500,29504],{},[183,29501,29502],{"href":12432},[18,29503,12629],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29506,131,29507,29509],{},[18,29508,12636],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[39,29511,29513],{"id":29512},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29515,29516,29517,29519],{},"Calling ",[18,29518,12636],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[44,29521,29523],{"className":46,"code":29522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29524,29525,29533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29526,29527,29529,29531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29528,1692],{"class":59},[53,29530,64],{"class":63},[53,29532,9705],{"class":67},[53,29534,29535,29537,29539,29541],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29536,1709],{"class":59},[53,29538,95],{"class":67},[53,29540,28413],{"class":98},[53,29542,8510],{"class":67},[14,29544,29545],{},[23,29546,29547],{},"Error:",[44,29549,29551],{"className":46,"code":29550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29552,29553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29554,29555,29557,29559,29561,29564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29556,19551],{"class":2782},[53,29558,597],{"class":67},[53,29560,350],{"class":252},[53,29562,29563],{"class":256},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[53,29565,29566],{"class":252},"'\n",[830,29568,29570],{"id":29569},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[44,29572,29574],{"className":46,"code":29573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29575,29576,29584,29588,29596,29611,29621,29627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29577,29578,29580,29582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29579,1692],{"class":59},[53,29581,64],{"class":63},[53,29583,9705],{"class":67},[53,29585,29586],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29589,29590,29592,29594],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29591,6867],{"class":1558},[53,29593,14429],{"class":59},[53,29595,6265],{"class":67},[53,29597,29598,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,29599,29600],{"class":59},"    item ",[53,29602,64],{"class":63},[53,29604,14429],{"class":59},[53,29606,95],{"class":67},[53,29608,28413],{"class":98},[53,29610,8510],{"class":67},[53,29612,29613,29615,29617,29619],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,29614,7936],{"class":114},[53,29616,102],{"class":67},[53,29618,212],{"class":98},[53,29620,108],{"class":67},[53,29622,29623,29625],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,29624,27299],{"class":1558},[53,29626,6265],{"class":67},[53,29628,29629,29631,29633,29635,29638,29640],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,29630,7936],{"class":114},[53,29632,102],{"class":67},[53,29634,253],{"class":252},[53,29636,29637],{"class":256},"Dictionary is empty",[53,29639,253],{"class":252},[53,29641,108],{"class":67},[830,29643,29645,29646],{"id":29644},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29647,29648],{},"try-except",[44,29650,29652],{"className":46,"code":29651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29653,29654,29662,29666,29673,29687,29697,29707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29655,29656,29658,29660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29657,1692],{"class":59},[53,29659,64],{"class":63},[53,29661,9705],{"class":67},[53,29663,29664],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29665,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29667,29668,29671],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29669,29670],{"class":1558},"try",[53,29672,6265],{"class":67},[53,29674,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,29676,29600],{"class":59},[53,29678,64],{"class":63},[53,29680,14429],{"class":59},[53,29682,95],{"class":67},[53,29684,28413],{"class":98},[53,29686,8510],{"class":67},[53,29688,29689,29691,29693,29695],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,29690,7936],{"class":114},[53,29692,102],{"class":67},[53,29694,212],{"class":98},[53,29696,108],{"class":67},[53,29698,29699,29702,29705],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,29700,29701],{"class":1558},"except",[53,29703,29704],{"class":2782}," KeyError",[53,29706,6265],{"class":67},[53,29708,29709,29711,29713,29715,29718,29720],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,29710,7936],{"class":114},[53,29712,102],{"class":67},[53,29714,253],{"class":252},[53,29716,29717],{"class":256},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[53,29719,253],{"class":252},[53,29721,108],{"class":67},[14,29723,29724,29725,95],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[183,29726,25545,29728],{"href":29727},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29729,29730],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29732,4835,29734],{"id":29733},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29735,12636],{},[14,29737,29738,29740],{},[18,29739,12636],{}," is useful when:",[140,29742,29743,29746,29749],{},[143,29744,29745],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[143,29747,29748],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[143,29750,29751],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29753,29754],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[44,29756,29758],{"className":46,"code":29757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29759,29760,29769,29789,29809,29827,29831,29835,29845,29864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29761,29762,29765,29767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29763,29764],{"class":59},"tasks ",[53,29766,64],{"class":63},[53,29768,11360],{"class":67},[53,29770,29771,29773,29776,29778,29780,29782,29785,29787],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29772,11365],{"class":252},[53,29774,29775],{"class":256},"first",[53,29777,253],{"class":252},[53,29779,597],{"class":67},[53,29781,264],{"class":252},[53,29783,29784],{"class":256},"wash dishes",[53,29786,253],{"class":252},[53,29788,11381],{"class":67},[53,29790,29791,29793,29796,29798,29800,29802,29805,29807],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29792,11365],{"class":252},[53,29794,29795],{"class":256},"second",[53,29797,253],{"class":252},[53,29799,597],{"class":67},[53,29801,264],{"class":252},[53,29803,29804],{"class":256},"do homework",[53,29806,253],{"class":252},[53,29808,11381],{"class":67},[53,29810,29811,29813,29816,29818,29820,29822,29825],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,29812,11365],{"class":252},[53,29814,29815],{"class":256},"third",[53,29817,253],{"class":252},[53,29819,597],{"class":67},[53,29821,264],{"class":252},[53,29823,29824],{"class":256},"read book",[53,29826,3239],{"class":252},[53,29828,29829],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,29830,9176],{"class":67},[53,29832,29833],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,29834,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,29836,29837,29840,29843],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,29838,29839],{"class":1558},"while",[53,29841,29842],{"class":59}," tasks",[53,29844,6265],{"class":67},[53,29846,29847,29850,29852,29854,29856,29858,29860,29862],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,29848,29849],{"class":59},"    key",[53,29851,75],{"class":67},[53,29853,21449],{"class":59},[53,29855,64],{"class":63},[53,29857,29842],{"class":59},[53,29859,95],{"class":67},[53,29861,28413],{"class":98},[53,29863,8510],{"class":67},[53,29865,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884,29886,29888,29890],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,29867,7936],{"class":114},[53,29869,102],{"class":67},[53,29871,22159],{"class":1945},[53,29873,253],{"class":256},[53,29875,9145],{"class":71},[53,29877,14704],{"class":98},[53,29879,22168],{"class":71},[53,29881,22171],{"class":256},[53,29883,9145],{"class":71},[53,29885,2350],{"class":98},[53,29887,22168],{"class":71},[53,29889,253],{"class":256},[53,29891,108],{"class":67},[14,29893,29894],{},[23,29895,29896],{},"Possible output:",[44,29898,29900],{"className":46,"code":29899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,29901,29902,29911,29920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29903,29904,29906,29908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29905,29815],{"class":59},[53,29907,597],{"class":67},[53,29909,29910],{"class":59}," read book\n",[53,29912,29913,29915,29917],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,29914,29795],{"class":59},[53,29916,597],{"class":67},[53,29918,29919],{"class":59}," do homework\n",[53,29921,29922,29924,29926],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,29923,29775],{"class":59},[53,29925,597],{"class":67},[53,29927,29928],{"class":59}," wash dishes\n",[14,29930,28927,29931,29933],{},[18,29932,12636],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[39,29935,2709],{"id":2708},[14,29937,14596,29938,597],{},[18,29939,12636],{},[140,29941,29942,29956,29975,29986],{},[143,29943,29944,29949],{},[23,29945,29516,29946,29948],{},[18,29947,12636],{}," on an empty dictionary",[140,29950,29951],{},[143,29952,29953,29954,95],{},"This raises ",[18,29955,19551],{},[143,29957,29958,29963],{},[23,29959,8319,29960,29962],{},[18,29961,12636],{}," to remove a specific key",[140,29964,29965,29968],{},[143,29966,29967],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[143,29969,131,29970,29974],{},[183,29971,29972],{"href":12432},[18,29973,12629],{}," if you need that.",[143,29976,29977,29981],{},[23,29978,4578,29979,27565],{},[18,29980,12636],{},[140,29982,29983],{},[143,29984,29985],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[143,29987,29988,29991],{},[23,29989,29990],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[140,29992,29993],{},[143,29994,29995,21840,29997,29999],{},[18,29996,12636],{},[18,29998,21520],{}," tuple.",[14,30001,30002],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[44,30004,30006],{"className":46,"code":30005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30007,30008,30018,30032,30036,30050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30009,30010,30012,30014,30016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30011,115],{"class":114},[53,30013,102],{"class":67},[53,30015,11318],{"class":98},[53,30017,108],{"class":67},[53,30019,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30021,115],{"class":114},[53,30023,102],{"class":67},[53,30025,11029],{"class":114},[53,30027,102],{"class":67},[53,30029,11318],{"class":98},[53,30031,1907],{"class":67},[53,30033,30034],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30035,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,30037,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,30039,28404],{"class":59},[53,30041,64],{"class":63},[53,30043,11634],{"class":59},[53,30045,95],{"class":67},[53,30047,28413],{"class":98},[53,30049,8510],{"class":67},[53,30051,30052,30054,30056,30058],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,30053,115],{"class":114},[53,30055,102],{"class":67},[53,30057,212],{"class":98},[53,30059,108],{"class":67},[14,30061,30062],{},"Or with unpacking:",[44,30064,30066],{"className":46,"code":30065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30067,30068,30086,30096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30069,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30071,14704],{"class":59},[53,30073,75],{"class":67},[53,30075,21449],{"class":59},[53,30077,64],{"class":63},[53,30079,11634],{"class":59},[53,30081,95],{"class":67},[53,30083,28413],{"class":98},[53,30085,8510],{"class":67},[53,30087,30088,30090,30092,30094],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30089,115],{"class":114},[53,30091,102],{"class":67},[53,30093,14704],{"class":98},[53,30095,108],{"class":67},[53,30097,30098,30100,30102,30104],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30099,115],{"class":114},[53,30101,102],{"class":67},[53,30103,2350],{"class":98},[53,30105,108],{"class":67},[39,30107,1650],{"id":1649},[830,30109,5017,30111,5020],{"id":30110},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30112,12636],{},[14,30114,30115,30116,95],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30117,30118],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[830,30120,12570,30122,30124],{"id":30121},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30123,12636],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30126,30127],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[830,30129,30131,30132,30134],{"id":30130},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30133,12636],{}," removes?",[14,30136,30137,30138,30142],{},"No. Use ",[183,30139,30140],{"href":12432},[18,30141,12629],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[830,30144,12570,30146,14759],{"id":30145},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30147,12636],{},[14,30149,30150],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[830,30152,30154,30155,30157],{"id":30153},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30156,12636],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30159,30160,30161,30163,30164,95],{},"It raises ",[18,30162,19551],{}," with the message ",[18,30165,29563],{},[39,30167,1782],{"id":1781},[140,30169,30170,30177,30183,30189,30195,30202,30206,30210],{},[143,30171,30172],{},[183,30173,30174,30176],{"href":12432},[18,30175,12629],{}," method for dictionaries",[143,30178,30179],{},[183,30180,30181,30176],{"href":16940},[18,30182,16943],{},[143,30184,30185],{},[183,30186,30187,30176],{"href":16927},[18,30188,16930],{},[143,30190,30191],{},[183,30192,30193,30176],{"href":16933},[18,30194,16936],{},[143,30196,30197],{},[183,30198,30200,30176],{"href":30199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30201,11189],{},[143,30203,30204],{},[183,30205,12653],{"href":12439},[143,30207,30208],{},[183,30209,21322],{"href":16461},[143,30211,30212],{},[183,30213,30214,30215],{"href":29727},"Fix ",[18,30216,29730],{},[1810,30218,30219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":30221},[30222,30223,30225,30226,30227,30228,30229,30230,30235,30240,30242,30243,30255],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":28500,"depth":89,"text":30224},"What popitem() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":28570,"depth":89,"text":28571},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":28923,"depth":89,"text":28924},{"id":29115,"depth":89,"text":29116},{"id":29243,"depth":89,"text":30231,"children":30232},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30233,30234],{"id":28413,"depth":111,"text":12636},{"id":26106,"depth":111,"text":12629},{"id":29512,"depth":89,"text":29513,"children":30236},[30237,30238],{"id":29569,"depth":111,"text":29570},{"id":29644,"depth":111,"text":30239},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29733,"depth":89,"text":30241},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":30244},[30245,30247,30249,30251,30253],{"id":30110,"depth":111,"text":30246},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30121,"depth":111,"text":30248},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30130,"depth":111,"text":30250},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30145,"depth":111,"text":30252},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30153,"depth":111,"text":30254},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28239,"description":30256},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30263,"title":30264,"body":30265,"description":32164,"extension":1841,"meta":32165,"navigation":301,"path":13895,"seo":32166,"stem":32167,"__hash__":32168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30266,"toc":32136},[30267,30272,30277,30280,30282,30378,30383,30388,30393,30396,30404,30407,30422,30424,30524,30526,30583,30587,30589,30592,30612,30617,30628,30631,30658,30661,30663,30720,30722,30743,30749,30754,30757,30768,30770,30878,30880,30933,30935,30947,30953,30959,30964,30967,31055,31057,31102,31105,31113,31116,31119,31188,31191,31194,31198,31201,31272,31274,31327,31330,31333,31336,31351,31354,31366,31369,31432,31434,31440,31442,31444,31523,31525,31566,31568,31633,31635,31672,31677,31682,31686,31700,31703,31824,31826,31911,31916,31918,31922,31944,31947,32027,32030,32049,32054,32056,32062,32067,32073,32076,32082,32085,32091,32096,32102,32108,32110,32133],[10,30268,11186,30270,11190],{"id":30269},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30271,14817],{},[14,30273,16,30274,30276],{},[18,30275,14817],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30278,30279],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[39,30281,1882],{"id":1881},[44,30283,30285],{"className":46,"code":30284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30286,30287,30323,30363,30373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30288,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30290,13069],{"class":59},[53,30292,64],{"class":63},[53,30294,679],{"class":67},[53,30296,253],{"class":252},[53,30298,592],{"class":256},[53,30300,253],{"class":252},[53,30302,597],{"class":67},[53,30304,264],{"class":252},[53,30306,12747],{"class":256},[53,30308,253],{"class":252},[53,30310,75],{"class":67},[53,30312,264],{"class":252},[53,30314,9166],{"class":256},[53,30316,253],{"class":252},[53,30318,597],{"class":67},[53,30320,7658],{"class":71},[53,30322,9176],{"class":67},[53,30324,30325,30327,30329,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30326,17172],{"class":59},[53,30328,95],{"class":67},[53,30330,30331],{"class":98},"update",[53,30333,587],{"class":67},[53,30335,253],{"class":252},[53,30337,9166],{"class":256},[53,30339,253],{"class":252},[53,30341,597],{"class":67},[53,30343,30344],{"class":71}," 21",[53,30346,75],{"class":67},[53,30348,264],{"class":252},[53,30350,10276],{"class":256},[53,30352,253],{"class":252},[53,30354,597],{"class":67},[53,30356,264],{"class":252},[53,30358,15895],{"class":256},[53,30360,253],{"class":252},[53,30362,607],{"class":67},[53,30364,30365,30367,30369,30371],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30366,115],{"class":114},[53,30368,102],{"class":67},[53,30370,17172],{"class":98},[53,30372,108],{"class":67},[53,30374,30375],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,30376,30377],{"class":127},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30379,131,30380,30382],{},[18,30381,14817],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[39,30384,3556,30386,3559],{"id":30385},"what-update-does",[18,30387,14817],{},[14,30389,30390,30392],{},[18,30391,14817],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30394,30395],{},"It can do two main things:",[140,30397,30398,30401],{},[143,30399,30400],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[143,30402,30403],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30405,30406],{},"Important things to know:",[140,30408,30409,30412,30415,30419],{},[143,30410,30411],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[143,30413,30414],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[143,30416,5023,30417],{},[18,30418,232],{},[143,30420,30421],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30423,235],{},[44,30425,30427],{"className":46,"code":30426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30428,30429,30471,30514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30430,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30467,30469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30432,12730],{"class":59},[53,30434,64],{"class":63},[53,30436,679],{"class":67},[53,30438,253],{"class":252},[53,30440,592],{"class":256},[53,30442,253],{"class":252},[53,30444,597],{"class":67},[53,30446,264],{"class":252},[53,30448,30449],{"class":256},"Mira",[53,30451,253],{"class":252},[53,30453,75],{"class":67},[53,30455,264],{"class":252},[53,30457,19755],{"class":256},[53,30459,253],{"class":252},[53,30461,597],{"class":67},[53,30463,264],{"class":252},[53,30465,30466],{"class":256},"B",[53,30468,253],{"class":252},[53,30470,9176],{"class":67},[53,30472,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30510,30512],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30474,13489],{"class":59},[53,30476,95],{"class":67},[53,30478,30331],{"class":98},[53,30480,587],{"class":67},[53,30482,253],{"class":252},[53,30484,19755],{"class":256},[53,30486,253],{"class":252},[53,30488,597],{"class":67},[53,30490,264],{"class":252},[53,30492,22110],{"class":256},[53,30494,253],{"class":252},[53,30496,75],{"class":67},[53,30498,264],{"class":252},[53,30500,10276],{"class":256},[53,30502,253],{"class":252},[53,30504,597],{"class":67},[53,30506,264],{"class":252},[53,30508,30509],{"class":256},"Quito",[53,30511,253],{"class":252},[53,30513,607],{"class":67},[53,30515,30516,30518,30520,30522],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30517,115],{"class":114},[53,30519,102],{"class":67},[53,30521,13489],{"class":98},[53,30523,108],{"class":67},[14,30525,328],{},[44,30527,30529],{"className":46,"code":30528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30530,30531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30534,9145],{"class":67},[53,30536,341],{"class":252},[53,30538,592],{"class":256},[53,30540,341],{"class":252},[53,30542,597],{"class":67},[53,30544,350],{"class":252},[53,30546,30449],{"class":256},[53,30548,341],{"class":252},[53,30550,75],{"class":67},[53,30552,350],{"class":252},[53,30554,19755],{"class":256},[53,30556,341],{"class":252},[53,30558,597],{"class":67},[53,30560,350],{"class":252},[53,30562,22110],{"class":256},[53,30564,341],{"class":252},[53,30566,75],{"class":67},[53,30568,350],{"class":252},[53,30570,10276],{"class":256},[53,30572,341],{"class":252},[53,30574,597],{"class":67},[53,30576,350],{"class":252},[53,30578,30509],{"class":256},[53,30580,341],{"class":252},[53,30582,9176],{"class":67},[14,30584,9020,30585,95],{},[183,30586,24493],{"href":9258},[39,30588,2039],{"id":2038},[14,30590,30591],{},"The basic form is:",[44,30593,30595],{"className":46,"code":30594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30596,30597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30598,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30600,15468],{"class":59},[53,30602,95],{"class":67},[53,30604,30331],{"class":98},[53,30606,102],{"class":67},[53,30608,30609],{"class":98},"other",[53,30611,108],{"class":67},[14,30613,30614,30616],{},[18,30615,30609],{}," can be:",[140,30618,30619,30622,30625],{},[143,30620,30621],{},"Another dictionary",[143,30623,30624],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[143,30626,30627],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30629,30630],{},"You can also use:",[44,30632,30634],{"className":46,"code":30633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30635,30636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30637,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30639,15468],{"class":59},[53,30641,95],{"class":67},[53,30643,30331],{"class":98},[53,30645,102],{"class":67},[53,30647,592],{"class":9043},[53,30649,64],{"class":63},[53,30651,253],{"class":252},[53,30653,602],{"class":256},[53,30655,253],{"class":252},[53,30657,108],{"class":67},[14,30659,30660],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30662,235],{},[44,30664,30666],{"className":46,"code":30665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30667,30668,30688,30710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30669,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30671,1692],{"class":59},[53,30673,64],{"class":63},[53,30675,679],{"class":67},[53,30677,253],{"class":252},[53,30679,183],{"class":256},[53,30681,253],{"class":252},[53,30683,597],{"class":67},[53,30685,5371],{"class":71},[53,30687,9176],{"class":67},[53,30689,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30691,1709],{"class":59},[53,30693,95],{"class":67},[53,30695,30331],{"class":98},[53,30697,587],{"class":67},[53,30699,253],{"class":252},[53,30701,183],{"class":256},[53,30703,253],{"class":252},[53,30705,597],{"class":67},[53,30707,5876],{"class":71},[53,30709,607],{"class":67},[53,30711,30712,30714,30716,30718],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30713,115],{"class":114},[53,30715,102],{"class":67},[53,30717,1709],{"class":98},[53,30719,108],{"class":67},[14,30721,328],{},[44,30723,30725],{"className":46,"code":30724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30726,30727],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30728,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30730,9145],{"class":67},[53,30732,341],{"class":252},[53,30734,183],{"class":256},[53,30736,341],{"class":252},[53,30738,597],{"class":67},[53,30740,5876],{"class":71},[53,30742,9176],{"class":67},[39,30744,833,30746,30748],{"id":30745},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30747,14817],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30750,30751,30752,95],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30753,14817],{},[14,30755,30756],{},"It is useful when:",[140,30758,30759,30762,30765],{},[143,30760,30761],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[143,30763,30764],{},"Adding extra settings",[143,30766,30767],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30769,235],{},[44,30771,30773],{"className":46,"code":30772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30774,30775,30812,30849,30853,30868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30776,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30778,13689],{"class":59},[53,30780,64],{"class":63},[53,30782,679],{"class":67},[53,30784,253],{"class":252},[53,30786,12360],{"class":256},[53,30788,253],{"class":252},[53,30790,597],{"class":67},[53,30792,264],{"class":252},[53,30794,20792],{"class":256},[53,30796,253],{"class":252},[53,30798,75],{"class":67},[53,30800,264],{"class":252},[53,30802,13714],{"class":256},[53,30804,253],{"class":252},[53,30806,597],{"class":67},[53,30808,30809],{"class":71}," 12",[53,30811,9176],{"class":67},[53,30813,30814,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30815,30816],{"class":59},"new_settings ",[53,30818,64],{"class":63},[53,30820,679],{"class":67},[53,30822,253],{"class":252},[53,30824,13714],{"class":256},[53,30826,253],{"class":252},[53,30828,597],{"class":67},[53,30830,13721],{"class":71},[53,30832,75],{"class":67},[53,30834,264],{"class":252},[53,30836,19987],{"class":256},[53,30838,253],{"class":252},[53,30840,597],{"class":67},[53,30842,264],{"class":252},[53,30844,20021],{"class":256},[53,30846,253],{"class":252},[53,30848,9176],{"class":67},[53,30850,30851],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,30852,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,30854,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30866],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,30856,13748],{"class":59},[53,30858,95],{"class":67},[53,30860,30331],{"class":98},[53,30862,102],{"class":67},[53,30864,30865],{"class":98},"new_settings",[53,30867,108],{"class":67},[53,30869,30870,30872,30874,30876],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,30871,115],{"class":114},[53,30873,102],{"class":67},[53,30875,13748],{"class":98},[53,30877,108],{"class":67},[14,30879,328],{},[44,30881,30883],{"className":46,"code":30882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,30884,30885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30888,9145],{"class":67},[53,30890,341],{"class":252},[53,30892,12360],{"class":256},[53,30894,341],{"class":252},[53,30896,597],{"class":67},[53,30898,350],{"class":252},[53,30900,20792],{"class":256},[53,30902,341],{"class":252},[53,30904,75],{"class":67},[53,30906,350],{"class":252},[53,30908,13714],{"class":256},[53,30910,341],{"class":252},[53,30912,597],{"class":67},[53,30914,13721],{"class":71},[53,30916,75],{"class":67},[53,30918,350],{"class":252},[53,30920,19987],{"class":256},[53,30922,341],{"class":252},[53,30924,597],{"class":67},[53,30926,350],{"class":252},[53,30928,20021],{"class":256},[53,30930,341],{"class":252},[53,30932,9176],{"class":67},[14,30934,13274],{},[140,30936,30937,30942],{},[143,30938,30939,30941],{},[18,30940,13714],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[143,30943,30944,30946],{},[18,30945,19987],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30948,495,30949,95],{},[183,30950,30952],{"href":30951},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[39,30954,833,30956,30958],{"id":30955},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,30957,14817],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30960,30961,30963],{},[18,30962,14817],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30965,30966],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[44,30968,30970],{"className":46,"code":30969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,30971,30972,30992,31027,31031,31045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30973,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30975,4938],{"class":59},[53,30977,64],{"class":63},[53,30979,679],{"class":67},[53,30981,253],{"class":252},[53,30983,18281],{"class":256},[53,30985,253],{"class":252},[53,30987,597],{"class":67},[53,30989,19762],{"class":71},[53,30991,9176],{"class":67},[53,30993,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31019,31021,31023,31025],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,30995,9082],{"class":59},[53,30997,64],{"class":63},[53,30999,9087],{"class":67},[53,31001,253],{"class":252},[53,31003,18290],{"class":256},[53,31005,253],{"class":252},[53,31007,75],{"class":67},[53,31009,13372],{"class":71},[53,31011,9100],{"class":67},[53,31013,9103],{"class":67},[53,31015,253],{"class":252},[53,31017,31018],{"class":256},"english",[53,31020,253],{"class":252},[53,31022,75],{"class":67},[53,31024,28786],{"class":71},[53,31026,9116],{"class":67},[53,31028,31029],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31030,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31032,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31034,16253],{"class":59},[53,31036,95],{"class":67},[53,31038,30331],{"class":98},[53,31040,102],{"class":67},[53,31042,9129],{"class":98},[53,31044,108],{"class":67},[53,31046,31047,31049,31051,31053],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,31048,115],{"class":114},[53,31050,102],{"class":67},[53,31052,16253],{"class":98},[53,31054,108],{"class":67},[14,31056,328],{},[44,31058,31060],{"className":46,"code":31059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31061,31062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31063,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31065,9145],{"class":67},[53,31067,341],{"class":252},[53,31069,18281],{"class":256},[53,31071,341],{"class":252},[53,31073,597],{"class":67},[53,31075,19762],{"class":71},[53,31077,75],{"class":67},[53,31079,350],{"class":252},[53,31081,18290],{"class":256},[53,31083,341],{"class":252},[53,31085,597],{"class":67},[53,31087,13372],{"class":71},[53,31089,75],{"class":67},[53,31091,350],{"class":252},[53,31093,31018],{"class":256},[53,31095,341],{"class":252},[53,31097,597],{"class":67},[53,31099,28786],{"class":71},[53,31101,9176],{"class":67},[14,31103,31104],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[140,31106,31107,31110],{},[143,31108,31109],{},"The key",[143,31111,31112],{},"The value",[14,31114,31115],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31117,31118],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[44,31120,31122],{"className":46,"code":31121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31123,31124,31144,31169,31173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31125,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31127,1692],{"class":59},[53,31129,64],{"class":63},[53,31131,679],{"class":67},[53,31133,253],{"class":252},[53,31135,183],{"class":256},[53,31137,253],{"class":252},[53,31139,597],{"class":67},[53,31141,5371],{"class":71},[53,31143,9176],{"class":67},[53,31145,31146,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31147,31148],{"class":59},"bad_pairs ",[53,31150,64],{"class":63},[53,31152,9087],{"class":67},[53,31154,253],{"class":252},[53,31156,1453],{"class":256},[53,31158,253],{"class":252},[53,31160,75],{"class":67},[53,31162,78],{"class":71},[53,31164,75],{"class":67},[53,31166,83],{"class":71},[53,31168,9116],{"class":67},[53,31170,31171],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31172,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31174,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31186],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31176,1709],{"class":59},[53,31178,95],{"class":67},[53,31180,30331],{"class":98},[53,31182,102],{"class":67},[53,31184,31185],{"class":98},"bad_pairs",[53,31187,108],{"class":67},[14,31189,31190],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31192,31193],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[39,31195,31197],{"id":31196},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31199,31200],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[44,31202,31204],{"className":46,"code":31203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31205,31206,31230,31262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31207,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31209,11355],{"class":59},[53,31211,64],{"class":63},[53,31213,679],{"class":67},[53,31215,253],{"class":252},[53,31217,592],{"class":256},[53,31219,253],{"class":252},[53,31221,597],{"class":67},[53,31223,264],{"class":252},[53,31225,28779],{"class":256},[53,31227,253],{"class":252},[53,31229,9176],{"class":67},[53,31231,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31251,31253,31255,31258,31260],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31233,11449],{"class":59},[53,31235,95],{"class":67},[53,31237,30331],{"class":98},[53,31239,102],{"class":67},[53,31241,9166],{"class":9043},[53,31243,64],{"class":63},[53,31245,9061],{"class":71},[53,31247,75],{"class":67},[53,31249,31250],{"class":9043}," city",[53,31252,64],{"class":63},[53,31254,253],{"class":252},[53,31256,31257],{"class":256},"Madrid",[53,31259,253],{"class":252},[53,31261,108],{"class":67},[53,31263,31264,31266,31268,31270],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31265,115],{"class":114},[53,31267,102],{"class":67},[53,31269,11449],{"class":98},[53,31271,108],{"class":67},[14,31273,328],{},[44,31275,31277],{"className":46,"code":31276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31278,31279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31280,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31282,9145],{"class":67},[53,31284,341],{"class":252},[53,31286,592],{"class":256},[53,31288,341],{"class":252},[53,31290,597],{"class":67},[53,31292,350],{"class":252},[53,31294,28779],{"class":256},[53,31296,341],{"class":252},[53,31298,75],{"class":67},[53,31300,350],{"class":252},[53,31302,9166],{"class":256},[53,31304,341],{"class":252},[53,31306,597],{"class":67},[53,31308,9173],{"class":71},[53,31310,75],{"class":67},[53,31312,350],{"class":252},[53,31314,10276],{"class":256},[53,31316,341],{"class":252},[53,31318,597],{"class":67},[53,31320,350],{"class":252},[53,31322,31257],{"class":256},[53,31324,341],{"class":252},[53,31326,9176],{"class":67},[14,31328,31329],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31331,31332],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31334,31335],{},"These work:",[140,31337,31338,31342,31346],{},[143,31339,31340],{},[18,31341,9166],{},[143,31343,31344],{},[18,31345,10276],{},[143,31347,31348],{},[18,31349,31350],{},"first_name",[14,31352,31353],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[140,31355,31356,31361],{},[143,31357,31358],{},[18,31359,31360],{},"\"first name\"",[143,31362,31363],{},[18,31364,31365],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31367,31368],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[44,31370,31372],{"className":46,"code":31371,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31373,31374,31382,31422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31375,31376,31378,31380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31377,11355],{"class":59},[53,31379,64],{"class":63},[53,31381,9705],{"class":67},[53,31383,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31413,31415,31417,31420],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31385,11449],{"class":59},[53,31387,95],{"class":67},[53,31389,30331],{"class":98},[53,31391,587],{"class":67},[53,31393,253],{"class":252},[53,31395,10379],{"class":256},[53,31397,253],{"class":252},[53,31399,597],{"class":67},[53,31401,264],{"class":252},[53,31403,28779],{"class":256},[53,31405,253],{"class":252},[53,31407,75],{"class":67},[53,31409,264],{"class":252},[53,31411,31412],{"class":256},"user-id",[53,31414,253],{"class":252},[53,31416,597],{"class":67},[53,31418,31419],{"class":71}," 1001",[53,31421,607],{"class":67},[53,31423,31424,31426,31428,31430],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31425,115],{"class":114},[53,31427,102],{"class":67},[53,31429,11449],{"class":98},[53,31431,108],{"class":67},[39,31433,17284],{"id":17283},[14,31435,31436,1129,31438,95],{},[18,31437,14817],{},[18,31439,232],{},[14,31441,13911],{},[14,31443,24573],{},[44,31445,31447],{"className":46,"code":31446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31448,31449,31473,31499,31503,31513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31450,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31452,13069],{"class":59},[53,31454,64],{"class":63},[53,31456,679],{"class":67},[53,31458,253],{"class":252},[53,31460,592],{"class":256},[53,31462,253],{"class":252},[53,31464,597],{"class":67},[53,31466,264],{"class":252},[53,31468,12747],{"class":256},[53,31470,253],{"class":252},[53,31472,9176],{"class":67},[53,31474,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31476,276],{"class":59},[53,31478,64],{"class":63},[53,31480,13112],{"class":59},[53,31482,95],{"class":67},[53,31484,30331],{"class":98},[53,31486,587],{"class":67},[53,31488,253],{"class":252},[53,31490,9166],{"class":256},[53,31492,253],{"class":252},[53,31494,597],{"class":67},[53,31496,7658],{"class":71},[53,31498,607],{"class":67},[53,31500,31501],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31502,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31504,31505,31507,31509,31511],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31506,115],{"class":114},[53,31508,102],{"class":67},[53,31510,323],{"class":98},[53,31512,108],{"class":67},[53,31514,31515,31517,31519,31521],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,31516,115],{"class":114},[53,31518,102],{"class":67},[53,31520,17172],{"class":98},[53,31522,108],{"class":67},[14,31524,328],{},[44,31526,31528],{"className":46,"code":31527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31529,31530,31534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31531,31532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31533,370],{"class":369},[53,31535,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31537,9145],{"class":67},[53,31539,341],{"class":252},[53,31541,592],{"class":256},[53,31543,341],{"class":252},[53,31545,597],{"class":67},[53,31547,350],{"class":252},[53,31549,12747],{"class":256},[53,31551,341],{"class":252},[53,31553,75],{"class":67},[53,31555,350],{"class":252},[53,31557,9166],{"class":256},[53,31559,341],{"class":252},[53,31561,597],{"class":67},[53,31563,7658],{"class":71},[53,31565,9176],{"class":67},[14,31567,16520],{},[44,31569,31571],{"className":46,"code":31570,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31572,31573,31597,31619,31623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31574,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31576,13069],{"class":59},[53,31578,64],{"class":63},[53,31580,679],{"class":67},[53,31582,253],{"class":252},[53,31584,592],{"class":256},[53,31586,253],{"class":252},[53,31588,597],{"class":67},[53,31590,264],{"class":252},[53,31592,12747],{"class":256},[53,31594,253],{"class":252},[53,31596,9176],{"class":67},[53,31598,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31600,17172],{"class":59},[53,31602,95],{"class":67},[53,31604,30331],{"class":98},[53,31606,587],{"class":67},[53,31608,253],{"class":252},[53,31610,9166],{"class":256},[53,31612,253],{"class":252},[53,31614,597],{"class":67},[53,31616,7658],{"class":71},[53,31618,607],{"class":67},[53,31620,31621],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31622,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31624,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31626,115],{"class":114},[53,31628,102],{"class":67},[53,31630,17172],{"class":98},[53,31632,108],{"class":67},[14,31634,328],{},[44,31636,31638],{"className":46,"code":31637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31639,31640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31643,9145],{"class":67},[53,31645,341],{"class":252},[53,31647,592],{"class":256},[53,31649,341],{"class":252},[53,31651,597],{"class":67},[53,31653,350],{"class":252},[53,31655,12747],{"class":256},[53,31657,341],{"class":252},[53,31659,75],{"class":67},[53,31661,350],{"class":252},[53,31663,9166],{"class":256},[53,31665,341],{"class":252},[53,31667,597],{"class":67},[53,31669,7658],{"class":71},[53,31671,9176],{"class":67},[14,31673,31674,31675,95],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[183,31676,17768],{"href":10598},[39,31678,4835,31680],{"id":31679},"when-to-use-update",[18,31681,14817],{},[14,31683,131,31684,10468],{},[18,31685,14817],{},[140,31687,31688,31691,31694,31697],{},[143,31689,31690],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[143,31692,31693],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[143,31695,31696],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[143,31698,31699],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31701,31702],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[44,31704,31706],{"className":46,"code":31705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31707,31708,31744,31758,31762,31800,31804,31814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31709,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31711,11951],{"class":59},[53,31713,64],{"class":63},[53,31715,679],{"class":67},[53,31717,253],{"class":252},[53,31719,592],{"class":256},[53,31721,253],{"class":252},[53,31723,597],{"class":67},[53,31725,264],{"class":252},[53,31727,12747],{"class":256},[53,31729,253],{"class":252},[53,31731,75],{"class":67},[53,31733,264],{"class":252},[53,31735,9166],{"class":256},[53,31737,253],{"class":252},[53,31739,597],{"class":67},[53,31741,7658],{"class":71},[53,31743,9176],{"class":67},[53,31745,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31747,1239],{"class":59},[53,31749,64],{"class":63},[53,31751,12026],{"class":59},[53,31753,95],{"class":67},[53,31755,12778],{"class":98},[53,31757,8510],{"class":67},[53,31759,31760],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31761,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31763,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31765,1269],{"class":59},[53,31767,95],{"class":67},[53,31769,30331],{"class":98},[53,31771,587],{"class":67},[53,31773,253],{"class":252},[53,31775,9166],{"class":256},[53,31777,253],{"class":252},[53,31779,597],{"class":67},[53,31781,30344],{"class":71},[53,31783,75],{"class":67},[53,31785,264],{"class":252},[53,31787,10276],{"class":256},[53,31789,253],{"class":252},[53,31791,597],{"class":67},[53,31793,264],{"class":252},[53,31795,15895],{"class":256},[53,31797,253],{"class":252},[53,31799,607],{"class":67},[53,31801,31802],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,31803,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,31805,31806,31808,31810,31812],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,31807,115],{"class":114},[53,31809,102],{"class":67},[53,31811,11998],{"class":98},[53,31813,108],{"class":67},[53,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,31817,115],{"class":114},[53,31819,102],{"class":67},[53,31821,1269],{"class":98},[53,31823,108],{"class":67},[14,31825,328],{},[44,31827,31829],{"className":46,"code":31828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31830,31831,31863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31832,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31834,9145],{"class":67},[53,31836,341],{"class":252},[53,31838,592],{"class":256},[53,31840,341],{"class":252},[53,31842,597],{"class":67},[53,31844,350],{"class":252},[53,31846,12747],{"class":256},[53,31848,341],{"class":252},[53,31850,75],{"class":67},[53,31852,350],{"class":252},[53,31854,9166],{"class":256},[53,31856,341],{"class":252},[53,31858,597],{"class":67},[53,31860,7658],{"class":71},[53,31862,9176],{"class":67},[53,31864,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31866,9145],{"class":67},[53,31868,341],{"class":252},[53,31870,592],{"class":256},[53,31872,341],{"class":252},[53,31874,597],{"class":67},[53,31876,350],{"class":252},[53,31878,12747],{"class":256},[53,31880,341],{"class":252},[53,31882,75],{"class":67},[53,31884,350],{"class":252},[53,31886,9166],{"class":256},[53,31888,341],{"class":252},[53,31890,597],{"class":67},[53,31892,30344],{"class":71},[53,31894,75],{"class":67},[53,31896,350],{"class":252},[53,31898,10276],{"class":256},[53,31900,341],{"class":252},[53,31902,597],{"class":67},[53,31904,350],{"class":252},[53,31906,15895],{"class":256},[53,31908,341],{"class":252},[53,31910,9176],{"class":67},[14,31912,31913,31914,95],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[183,31915,16462],{"href":16461},[39,31917,2709],{"id":2708},[14,31919,10615,31920,597],{},[18,31921,14817],{},[140,31923,31924,31931,31935,31938,31941],{},[143,31925,12460,31926,31928,31929],{},[18,31927,14817],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,31930,232],{},[143,31932,8319,31933,12468],{},[18,31934,14817],{},[143,31936,31937],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[143,31939,31940],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[143,31942,31943],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31945,31946],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[44,31948,31950],{"className":46,"code":31949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,31951,31952,31962,31976,31990,32012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31953,31954,31956,31958,31960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31955,115],{"class":114},[53,31957,102],{"class":67},[53,31959,11318],{"class":98},[53,31961,108],{"class":67},[53,31963,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,31965,115],{"class":114},[53,31967,102],{"class":67},[53,31969,3102],{"class":2782},[53,31971,102],{"class":67},[53,31973,1709],{"class":98},[53,31975,1907],{"class":67},[53,31977,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,31979,115],{"class":114},[53,31981,102],{"class":67},[53,31983,7961],{"class":2782},[53,31985,102],{"class":67},[53,31987,1709],{"class":98},[53,31989,1907],{"class":67},[53,31991,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,31993,115],{"class":114},[53,31995,102],{"class":67},[53,31997,11318],{"class":98},[53,31999,95],{"class":67},[53,32001,19614],{"class":98},[53,32003,102],{"class":67},[53,32005,341],{"class":252},[53,32007,14704],{"class":256},[53,32009,341],{"class":252},[53,32011,1907],{"class":67},[53,32013,32014,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,32015,32016],{"class":114},"help",[53,32018,102],{"class":67},[53,32020,8689],{"class":2782},[53,32022,95],{"class":67},[53,32024,30331],{"class":24615},[53,32026,108],{"class":67},[14,32028,32029],{},"These can help you check:",[140,32031,32032,32035,32040,32043,32046],{},[143,32033,32034],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[143,32036,32037,32038],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32039,14817],{},[143,32041,32042],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[143,32044,32045],{},"Whether a key exists",[143,32047,32048],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32050,32051,32052,95],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[183,32053,11130],{"href":10941},[39,32055,1650],{"id":1649},[830,32057,12570,32059,32061],{"id":32058},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32060,14817],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32063,32064,32065,95],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32066,232],{},[830,32068,12570,32070,32072],{"id":32069},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32071,14817],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32074,32075],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[830,32077,5045,32079,32081],{"id":32078},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32080,14817],{}," add new keys?",[14,32083,32084],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[830,32086,28194,32088,32090],{"id":32087},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32089,14817],{}," with a list?",[14,32092,32093,32094,95],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32095,10962],{},[830,32097,5055,32099,32101],{"id":32098},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32100,14817],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32103,32104,32105,32107],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32106,14817],{}," can change many keys at once.",[39,32109,1782],{"id":1781},[140,32111,32112,32116,32120,32125,32129],{},[143,32113,32114],{},[183,32115,25960],{"href":9258},[143,32117,32118],{},[183,32119,11119],{"href":10598},[143,32121,32122],{},[183,32123,32124],{"href":30951},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[143,32126,32127],{},[183,32128,21322],{"href":16461},[143,32130,32131],{},[183,32132,11130],{"href":10941},[1810,32134,32135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":32137},[32138,32139,32141,32142,32144,32146,32147,32148,32150,32151,32163],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":30385,"depth":89,"text":32140},"What update() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":30745,"depth":89,"text":32143},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30955,"depth":89,"text":32145},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31196,"depth":89,"text":31197},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":31679,"depth":89,"text":32149},"When to use update()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":32152},[32153,32155,32157,32159,32161],{"id":32058,"depth":111,"text":32154},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32069,"depth":111,"text":32156},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32078,"depth":111,"text":32158},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32087,"depth":111,"text":32160},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32098,"depth":111,"text":32162},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30264,"description":32164},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32170,"title":32171,"body":32172,"description":34160,"extension":1841,"meta":34161,"navigation":301,"path":22760,"seo":34162,"stem":34163,"__hash__":34164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32173,"toc":34123},[32174,32179,32186,32189,32191,32290,32292,32347,32352,32357,32371,32376,32378,32393,32395,32409,32422,32427,32433,32440,32442,32549,32551,32600,32606,32681,32683,32704,32706,32709,32814,32816,32871,32873,32901,32905,32910,32989,32991,33011,33013,33024,33034,33038,33043,33146,33148,33173,33176,33187,33192,33201,33204,33221,33223,33310,33312,33375,33377,33400,33402,33407,33413,33418,33420,33459,33465,33468,33487,33498,33504,33507,33580,33582,33601,33606,33609,33632,33638,33641,33705,33708,33785,33792,33795,33854,33860,33862,33881,33885,33888,33939,33942,33962,33964,34025,34027,34032,34037,34042,34047,34052,34057,34063,34066,34075,34083,34085,34120],[10,32175,11186,32177,11190],{"id":32176},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32178,16936],{},[14,32180,32181,32182,32185],{},"The Python ",[18,32183,32184],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32187,32188],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[39,32190,1882],{"id":1881},[44,32192,32194],{"className":46,"code":32193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32195,32196,32248,32262,32266,32276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32197,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32199,12730],{"class":59},[53,32201,64],{"class":63},[53,32203,679],{"class":67},[53,32205,253],{"class":252},[53,32207,592],{"class":256},[53,32209,253],{"class":252},[53,32211,597],{"class":67},[53,32213,264],{"class":252},[53,32215,12747],{"class":256},[53,32217,253],{"class":252},[53,32219,75],{"class":67},[53,32221,264],{"class":252},[53,32223,9166],{"class":256},[53,32225,253],{"class":252},[53,32227,597],{"class":67},[53,32229,7658],{"class":71},[53,32231,75],{"class":67},[53,32233,264],{"class":252},[53,32235,10276],{"class":256},[53,32237,253],{"class":252},[53,32239,597],{"class":67},[53,32241,264],{"class":252},[53,32243,15895],{"class":256},[53,32245,253],{"class":252},[53,32247,9176],{"class":67},[53,32249,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32251,3702],{"class":59},[53,32253,64],{"class":63},[53,32255,12773],{"class":59},[53,32257,95],{"class":67},[53,32259,5233],{"class":98},[53,32261,8510],{"class":67},[53,32263,32264],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,32265,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,32269,115],{"class":114},[53,32271,102],{"class":67},[53,32273,5233],{"class":98},[53,32275,108],{"class":67},[53,32277,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,32279,115],{"class":114},[53,32281,102],{"class":67},[53,32283,7961],{"class":2782},[53,32285,102],{"class":67},[53,32287,5233],{"class":98},[53,32289,1907],{"class":67},[14,32291,328],{},[44,32293,32295],{"className":46,"code":32294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32296,32297,32323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32300,16902],{"class":98},[53,32302,619],{"class":67},[53,32304,341],{"class":252},[53,32306,12747],{"class":256},[53,32308,341],{"class":252},[53,32310,75],{"class":67},[53,32312,7658],{"class":71},[53,32314,75],{"class":67},[53,32316,350],{"class":252},[53,32318,15895],{"class":256},[53,32320,341],{"class":252},[53,32322,632],{"class":67},[53,32324,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32326,338],{"class":67},[53,32328,341],{"class":252},[53,32330,12747],{"class":256},[53,32332,341],{"class":252},[53,32334,75],{"class":67},[53,32336,7658],{"class":71},[53,32338,75],{"class":67},[53,32340,350],{"class":252},[53,32342,15895],{"class":256},[53,32344,341],{"class":252},[53,32346,86],{"class":67},[14,32348,32349,32351],{},[18,32350,16936],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[39,32353,3556,32355,3559],{"id":32354},"what-values-does",[18,32356,16936],{},[140,32358,32359,32362,32365,32368],{},[143,32360,32361],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[143,32363,32364],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[143,32366,32367],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[143,32369,32370],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32372,32373,32374,95],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[183,32375,9259],{"href":9258},[39,32377,2039],{"id":2038},[44,32379,32381],{"className":46,"code":32380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32382,32383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32384,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32386,11318],{"class":59},[53,32388,95],{"class":67},[53,32390,5233],{"class":98},[53,32392,8510],{"class":67},[14,32394,12919],{},[140,32396,32397,32401,32404],{},[143,32398,32399,11334],{},[18,32400,16936],{},[143,32402,32403],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[143,32405,32406,32407],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32408,16936],{},[14,32410,32411,32412,4269,32417,95],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[183,32413,32414,32416],{"href":16927},[18,32415,16930],{}," for dictionary keys",[183,32418,32419,32421],{"href":16940},[18,32420,16943],{}," for key-value pairs",[39,32423,3556,32425,11573],{"id":32424},"what-values-returns",[18,32426,16936],{},[14,32428,32429,21840,32431,24629],{},[18,32430,16936],{},[18,32432,16902],{},[14,32434,32435,32436,32439],{},"This object is a ",[23,32437,32438],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32441,235],{},[44,32443,32445],{"className":46,"code":32444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32446,32447,32483,32487,32502,32513,32517,32539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32448,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32450,13069],{"class":59},[53,32452,64],{"class":63},[53,32454,679],{"class":67},[53,32456,253],{"class":252},[53,32458,592],{"class":256},[53,32460,253],{"class":252},[53,32462,597],{"class":67},[53,32464,264],{"class":252},[53,32466,7788],{"class":256},[53,32468,253],{"class":252},[53,32470,75],{"class":67},[53,32472,264],{"class":252},[53,32474,9166],{"class":256},[53,32476,253],{"class":252},[53,32478,597],{"class":67},[53,32480,9173],{"class":71},[53,32482,9176],{"class":67},[53,32484,32485],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32486,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32488,32489,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,32490,32491],{"class":59},"values_view ",[53,32493,64],{"class":63},[53,32495,13112],{"class":59},[53,32497,95],{"class":67},[53,32499,5233],{"class":98},[53,32501,8510],{"class":67},[53,32503,32504,32506,32508,32511],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,32505,115],{"class":114},[53,32507,102],{"class":67},[53,32509,32510],{"class":98},"values_view",[53,32512,108],{"class":67},[53,32514,32515],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,32516,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32518,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,32520,17172],{"class":59},[53,32522,338],{"class":67},[53,32524,253],{"class":252},[53,32526,10276],{"class":256},[53,32528,253],{"class":252},[53,32530,13138],{"class":67},[53,32532,13141],{"class":63},[53,32534,264],{"class":252},[53,32536,30509],{"class":256},[53,32538,3239],{"class":252},[53,32540,32541,32543,32545,32547],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,32542,115],{"class":114},[53,32544,102],{"class":67},[53,32546,32510],{"class":98},[53,32548,108],{"class":67},[14,32550,328],{},[44,32552,32554],{"className":46,"code":32553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32555,32556,32574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32557,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32559,16902],{"class":98},[53,32561,619],{"class":67},[53,32563,341],{"class":252},[53,32565,7788],{"class":256},[53,32567,341],{"class":252},[53,32569,75],{"class":67},[53,32571,9173],{"class":71},[53,32573,632],{"class":67},[53,32575,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32577,16902],{"class":98},[53,32579,619],{"class":67},[53,32581,341],{"class":252},[53,32583,7788],{"class":256},[53,32585,341],{"class":252},[53,32587,75],{"class":67},[53,32589,9173],{"class":71},[53,32591,75],{"class":67},[53,32593,350],{"class":252},[53,32595,30509],{"class":256},[53,32597,341],{"class":252},[53,32599,632],{"class":67},[14,32601,32602,32603,95],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32604,32605],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[44,32607,32609],{"className":46,"code":32608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32610,32611,32647,32666,32670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32612,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32614,13069],{"class":59},[53,32616,64],{"class":63},[53,32618,679],{"class":67},[53,32620,253],{"class":252},[53,32622,592],{"class":256},[53,32624,253],{"class":252},[53,32626,597],{"class":67},[53,32628,264],{"class":252},[53,32630,7788],{"class":256},[53,32632,253],{"class":252},[53,32634,75],{"class":67},[53,32636,264],{"class":252},[53,32638,9166],{"class":256},[53,32640,253],{"class":252},[53,32642,597],{"class":67},[53,32644,9173],{"class":71},[53,32646,9176],{"class":67},[53,32648,32649,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32650,32651],{"class":59},"values_list ",[53,32653,64],{"class":63},[53,32655,22425],{"class":2782},[53,32657,102],{"class":67},[53,32659,17172],{"class":98},[53,32661,95],{"class":67},[53,32663,5233],{"class":98},[53,32665,7064],{"class":67},[53,32667,32668],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,32669,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32671,32672,32674,32676,32679],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,32673,115],{"class":114},[53,32675,102],{"class":67},[53,32677,32678],{"class":98},"values_list",[53,32680,108],{"class":67},[14,32682,328],{},[44,32684,32686],{"className":46,"code":32685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32687,32688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32689,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32691,338],{"class":67},[53,32693,341],{"class":252},[53,32695,7788],{"class":256},[53,32697,341],{"class":252},[53,32699,75],{"class":67},[53,32701,9173],{"class":71},[53,32703,86],{"class":67},[39,32705,385],{"id":384},[14,32707,32708],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[44,32710,32712],{"className":46,"code":32711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32713,32714,32768,32772,32786,32790,32800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32715,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32749,32751,32753,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32717,24661],{"class":59},[53,32719,64],{"class":63},[53,32721,679],{"class":67},[53,32723,253],{"class":252},[53,32725,24670],{"class":256},[53,32727,253],{"class":252},[53,32729,597],{"class":67},[53,32731,264],{"class":252},[53,32733,24679],{"class":256},[53,32735,253],{"class":252},[53,32737,75],{"class":67},[53,32739,264],{"class":252},[53,32741,24688],{"class":256},[53,32743,253],{"class":252},[53,32745,597],{"class":67},[53,32747,32748],{"class":71}," 2022",[53,32750,75],{"class":67},[53,32752,264],{"class":252},[53,32754,32755],{"class":256},"color",[53,32757,253],{"class":252},[53,32759,597],{"class":67},[53,32761,264],{"class":252},[53,32763,416],{"class":256},[53,32765,253],{"class":252},[53,32767,9176],{"class":67},[53,32769,32770],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32771,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32773,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,32775,276],{"class":59},[53,32777,64],{"class":63},[53,32779,24710],{"class":59},[53,32781,95],{"class":67},[53,32783,5233],{"class":98},[53,32785,8510],{"class":67},[53,32787,32788],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,32789,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32791,32792,32794,32796,32798],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,32793,115],{"class":114},[53,32795,102],{"class":67},[53,32797,323],{"class":98},[53,32799,108],{"class":67},[53,32801,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,32803,115],{"class":114},[53,32805,102],{"class":67},[53,32807,7961],{"class":2782},[53,32809,102],{"class":67},[53,32811,323],{"class":98},[53,32813,1907],{"class":67},[14,32815,328],{},[44,32817,32819],{"className":46,"code":32818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,32820,32821,32847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32822,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32824,16902],{"class":98},[53,32826,619],{"class":67},[53,32828,341],{"class":252},[53,32830,24679],{"class":256},[53,32832,341],{"class":252},[53,32834,75],{"class":67},[53,32836,32748],{"class":71},[53,32838,75],{"class":67},[53,32840,350],{"class":252},[53,32842,416],{"class":256},[53,32844,341],{"class":252},[53,32846,632],{"class":67},[53,32848,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32850,338],{"class":67},[53,32852,341],{"class":252},[53,32854,24679],{"class":256},[53,32856,341],{"class":252},[53,32858,75],{"class":67},[53,32860,32748],{"class":71},[53,32862,75],{"class":67},[53,32864,350],{"class":252},[53,32866,416],{"class":256},[53,32868,341],{"class":252},[53,32870,86],{"class":67},[14,32872,11551],{},[140,32874,32875,32881,32887,32895],{},[143,32876,32877,32880],{},[18,32878,32879],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[143,32882,32883,32886],{},[18,32884,32885],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[143,32888,32889,32892,32893,24482],{},[18,32890,32891],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,32894,16902],{},[143,32896,32897,32900],{},[18,32898,32899],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[39,32902,32904],{"id":32903},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32906,32907,32908,25929],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,32909,1559],{},[44,32911,32913],{"className":46,"code":32912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,32914,32915,32959,32963,32979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32916,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32918,4938],{"class":59},[53,32920,64],{"class":63},[53,32922,679],{"class":67},[53,32924,253],{"class":252},[53,32926,18281],{"class":256},[53,32928,253],{"class":252},[53,32930,597],{"class":67},[53,32932,19762],{"class":71},[53,32934,75],{"class":67},[53,32936,264],{"class":252},[53,32938,31018],{"class":256},[53,32940,253],{"class":252},[53,32942,597],{"class":67},[53,32944,13372],{"class":71},[53,32946,75],{"class":67},[53,32948,264],{"class":252},[53,32950,18290],{"class":256},[53,32952,253],{"class":252},[53,32954,597],{"class":67},[53,32956,28786],{"class":71},[53,32958,9176],{"class":67},[53,32960,32961],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,32962,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,32964,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,32966,1559],{"class":1558},[53,32968,21449],{"class":59},[53,32970,1565],{"class":1558},[53,32972,4985],{"class":59},[53,32974,95],{"class":67},[53,32976,5233],{"class":98},[53,32978,21460],{"class":67},[53,32980,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,32982,7936],{"class":114},[53,32984,102],{"class":67},[53,32986,2350],{"class":98},[53,32988,108],{"class":67},[14,32990,328],{},[44,32992,32994],{"className":46,"code":32993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,32995,32996,33001,33006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32997,32998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32999,33000],{"class":71},"90\n",[53,33002,33003],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33004,33005],{"class":71},"85\n",[53,33007,33008],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33009,33010],{"class":71},"88\n",[14,33012,17574],{},[140,33014,33015,33018,33021],{},[143,33016,33017],{},"You only need the values",[143,33019,33020],{},"You do not care about the keys",[143,33022,33023],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33025,33026,33027,2758,33031,95],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[183,33028,10604,33029,10608],{"href":16940},[18,33030,16943],{},[183,33032,22340],{"href":33033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[39,33035,33037],{"id":33036},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33039,131,33040,33042],{},[18,33041,32605],{}," when you need a list.",[44,33044,33046],{"className":46,"code":33045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33047,33048,33093,33097,33117,33121,33132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33049,33050,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33051,33052],{"class":59},"fruit_prices ",[53,33054,64],{"class":63},[53,33056,679],{"class":67},[53,33058,253],{"class":252},[53,33060,257],{"class":256},[53,33062,253],{"class":252},[53,33064,597],{"class":67},[53,33066,78],{"class":71},[53,33068,75],{"class":67},[53,33070,264],{"class":252},[53,33072,267],{"class":256},[53,33074,253],{"class":252},[53,33076,597],{"class":67},[53,33078,5371],{"class":71},[53,33080,75],{"class":67},[53,33082,264],{"class":252},[53,33084,292],{"class":256},[53,33086,253],{"class":252},[53,33088,597],{"class":67},[53,33090,83],{"class":71},[53,33092,9176],{"class":67},[53,33094,33095],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33096,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33098,33099,33102,33104,33106,33108,33111,33113,33115],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33100,33101],{"class":59},"price_list ",[53,33103,64],{"class":63},[53,33105,22425],{"class":2782},[53,33107,102],{"class":67},[53,33109,33110],{"class":98},"fruit_prices",[53,33112,95],{"class":67},[53,33114,5233],{"class":98},[53,33116,7064],{"class":67},[53,33118,33119],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,33120,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33122,33123,33125,33127,33130],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,33124,115],{"class":114},[53,33126,102],{"class":67},[53,33128,33129],{"class":98},"price_list",[53,33131,108],{"class":67},[53,33133,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,33135,115],{"class":114},[53,33137,102],{"class":67},[53,33139,33129],{"class":98},[53,33141,338],{"class":67},[53,33143,2000],{"class":71},[53,33145,632],{"class":67},[14,33147,328],{},[44,33149,33151],{"className":46,"code":33150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33152,33153,33169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33154,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33156,338],{"class":67},[53,33158,1937],{"class":71},[53,33160,75],{"class":67},[53,33162,5371],{"class":71},[53,33164,75],{"class":67},[53,33166,83],{"class":71},[53,33168,86],{"class":67},[53,33170,33171],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33172,16921],{"class":71},[14,33174,33175],{},"This is helpful for:",[140,33177,33178,33181,33184],{},[143,33179,33180],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[143,33182,33183],{},"Accessing values by index",[143,33185,33186],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33188,3800,33189,33191],{},[18,33190,16902],{}," is not the same as a list.",[39,33193,33195,10452,33197,10452,33199],{"id":33194},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33196,16936],{},[18,33198,16930],{},[18,33200,16943],{},[14,33202,33203],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[140,33205,33206,33211,33216],{},[143,33207,33208,33210],{},[18,33209,16936],{}," returns only the values",[143,33212,33213,33215],{},[18,33214,16930],{}," returns only the keys",[143,33217,33218,33220],{},[18,33219,16943],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33222,2006],{},[44,33224,33226],{"className":46,"code":33225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33227,33228,33264,33268,33282,33296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33229,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33231,12730],{"class":59},[53,33233,64],{"class":63},[53,33235,679],{"class":67},[53,33237,253],{"class":252},[53,33239,592],{"class":256},[53,33241,253],{"class":252},[53,33243,597],{"class":67},[53,33245,264],{"class":252},[53,33247,12747],{"class":256},[53,33249,253],{"class":252},[53,33251,75],{"class":67},[53,33253,264],{"class":252},[53,33255,9166],{"class":256},[53,33257,253],{"class":252},[53,33259,597],{"class":67},[53,33261,7658],{"class":71},[53,33263,9176],{"class":67},[53,33265,33266],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33267,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33269,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33271,115],{"class":114},[53,33273,102],{"class":67},[53,33275,13489],{"class":98},[53,33277,95],{"class":67},[53,33279,16788],{"class":98},[53,33281,7064],{"class":67},[53,33283,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,33285,115],{"class":114},[53,33287,102],{"class":67},[53,33289,13489],{"class":98},[53,33291,95],{"class":67},[53,33293,5233],{"class":98},[53,33295,7064],{"class":67},[53,33297,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,33299,115],{"class":114},[53,33301,102],{"class":67},[53,33303,13489],{"class":98},[53,33305,95],{"class":67},[53,33307,530],{"class":98},[53,33309,7064],{"class":67},[14,33311,328],{},[44,33313,33315],{"className":46,"code":33314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33316,33317,33339,33357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33320,16879],{"class":98},[53,33322,619],{"class":67},[53,33324,341],{"class":252},[53,33326,592],{"class":256},[53,33328,341],{"class":252},[53,33330,75],{"class":67},[53,33332,350],{"class":252},[53,33334,9166],{"class":256},[53,33336,341],{"class":252},[53,33338,632],{"class":67},[53,33340,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33342,16902],{"class":98},[53,33344,619],{"class":67},[53,33346,341],{"class":252},[53,33348,12747],{"class":256},[53,33350,341],{"class":252},[53,33352,75],{"class":67},[53,33354,7658],{"class":71},[53,33356,632],{"class":67},[53,33358,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33360,21773],{"class":98},[53,33362,9525],{"class":67},[53,33364,341],{"class":252},[53,33366,592],{"class":256},[53,33368,341],{"class":252},[53,33370,75],{"class":67},[53,33372,7658],{"class":71},[53,33374,10546],{"class":67},[14,33376,18559],{},[140,33378,33379,33386,33393],{},[143,33380,33381,33385],{},[183,33382,33383],{"href":16927},[18,33384,16930],{}," when you need just the keys",[143,33387,33388,33392],{},[183,33389,33390],{"href":16933},[18,33391,16936],{}," when you need just the values",[143,33394,33395,33399],{},[183,33396,33397],{"href":16940},[18,33398,16943],{}," when you need both",[39,33401,1039],{"id":1038},[14,33403,33404,33405,95],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33406,16936],{},[830,33408,29516,33410,33412],{"id":33409},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33411,16936],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33414,33415,33417],{},[18,33416,16936],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33419,16508],{},[44,33421,33423],{"className":46,"code":33422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33424,33425,33445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33426,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33428,8176],{"class":59},[53,33430,64],{"class":63},[53,33432,68],{"class":67},[53,33434,72],{"class":71},[53,33436,75],{"class":67},[53,33438,78],{"class":71},[53,33440,75],{"class":67},[53,33442,83],{"class":71},[53,33444,86],{"class":67},[53,33446,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33448,115],{"class":114},[53,33450,102],{"class":67},[53,33452,203],{"class":98},[53,33454,95],{"class":67},[53,33456,5233],{"class":98},[53,33458,7064],{"class":67},[14,33460,33461,33462,33464],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33463,16936],{}," method.",[14,33466,33467],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[44,33469,33471],{"className":46,"code":33470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33472,33473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33474,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33476,115],{"class":114},[53,33478,102],{"class":67},[53,33480,3102],{"class":2782},[53,33482,102],{"class":67},[53,33484,203],{"class":98},[53,33486,1907],{"class":67},[14,33488,33489,33490,33492,33493,95],{},"If you get an ",[18,33491,25537],{},", see ",[183,33494,25545,33495,33497],{"href":25544},[18,33496,25548],{}," errors",[830,33499,4454,33501,33503],{"id":33500},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33502,16936],{}," returns a list",[14,33505,33506],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[44,33508,33510],{"className":46,"code":33509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33511,33512,33548,33562,33566],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33515,12730],{"class":59},[53,33517,64],{"class":63},[53,33519,679],{"class":67},[53,33521,253],{"class":252},[53,33523,592],{"class":256},[53,33525,253],{"class":252},[53,33527,597],{"class":67},[53,33529,264],{"class":252},[53,33531,12747],{"class":256},[53,33533,253],{"class":252},[53,33535,75],{"class":67},[53,33537,264],{"class":252},[53,33539,9166],{"class":256},[53,33541,253],{"class":252},[53,33543,597],{"class":67},[53,33545,7658],{"class":71},[53,33547,9176],{"class":67},[53,33549,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33551,3702],{"class":59},[53,33553,64],{"class":63},[53,33555,12773],{"class":59},[53,33557,95],{"class":67},[53,33559,5233],{"class":98},[53,33561,8510],{"class":67},[53,33563,33564],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33565,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33567,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,33569,115],{"class":114},[53,33571,102],{"class":67},[53,33573,3102],{"class":2782},[53,33575,102],{"class":67},[53,33577,5233],{"class":98},[53,33579,1907],{"class":67},[14,33581,328],{},[44,33583,33585],{"className":46,"code":33584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33586,33587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33588,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33590,3171],{"class":63},[53,33592,3174],{"class":1945},[53,33594,350],{"class":252},[53,33596,16902],{"class":256},[53,33598,341],{"class":252},[53,33600,3183],{"class":63},[14,33602,5023,33603,33605],{},[18,33604,16902],{},", not a list.",[14,33607,33608],{},"If you need a list:",[44,33610,33612],{"className":46,"code":33611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33613,33614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33615,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33617,3702],{"class":59},[53,33619,64],{"class":63},[53,33621,22425],{"class":2782},[53,33623,102],{"class":67},[53,33625,13489],{"class":98},[53,33627,95],{"class":67},[53,33629,5233],{"class":98},[53,33631,7064],{"class":67},[830,33633,33635,33636],{"id":33634},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33637,16902],{},[14,33639,33640],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[44,33642,33644],{"className":46,"code":33643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33645,33646,33682,33696,33700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33647,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33649,12730],{"class":59},[53,33651,64],{"class":63},[53,33653,679],{"class":67},[53,33655,253],{"class":252},[53,33657,592],{"class":256},[53,33659,253],{"class":252},[53,33661,597],{"class":67},[53,33663,264],{"class":252},[53,33665,12747],{"class":256},[53,33667,253],{"class":252},[53,33669,75],{"class":67},[53,33671,264],{"class":252},[53,33673,9166],{"class":256},[53,33675,253],{"class":252},[53,33677,597],{"class":67},[53,33679,7658],{"class":71},[53,33681,9176],{"class":67},[53,33683,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33685,3702],{"class":59},[53,33687,64],{"class":63},[53,33689,12773],{"class":59},[53,33691,95],{"class":67},[53,33693,5233],{"class":98},[53,33695,8510],{"class":67},[53,33697,33698],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33699,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33701,33702],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,33703,33704],{"class":127},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33706,33707],{},"Convert to a list first:",[44,33709,33711],{"className":46,"code":33710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33712,33713,33749,33767,33771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33714,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33716,12730],{"class":59},[53,33718,64],{"class":63},[53,33720,679],{"class":67},[53,33722,253],{"class":252},[53,33724,592],{"class":256},[53,33726,253],{"class":252},[53,33728,597],{"class":67},[53,33730,264],{"class":252},[53,33732,12747],{"class":256},[53,33734,253],{"class":252},[53,33736,75],{"class":67},[53,33738,264],{"class":252},[53,33740,9166],{"class":256},[53,33742,253],{"class":252},[53,33744,597],{"class":67},[53,33746,7658],{"class":71},[53,33748,9176],{"class":67},[53,33750,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33752,3702],{"class":59},[53,33754,64],{"class":63},[53,33756,22425],{"class":2782},[53,33758,102],{"class":67},[53,33760,13489],{"class":98},[53,33762,95],{"class":67},[53,33764,5233],{"class":98},[53,33766,7064],{"class":67},[53,33768,33769],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33770,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33772,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,33774,115],{"class":114},[53,33776,102],{"class":67},[53,33778,5233],{"class":98},[53,33780,338],{"class":67},[53,33782,2000],{"class":71},[53,33784,632],{"class":67},[830,33786,833,33788,10959,33790],{"id":33787},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33789,5233],{},[18,33791,16936],{},[14,33793,33794],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[44,33796,33798],{"className":46,"code":33797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33799,33800,33836,33840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33801,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33803,12730],{"class":59},[53,33805,64],{"class":63},[53,33807,679],{"class":67},[53,33809,253],{"class":252},[53,33811,592],{"class":256},[53,33813,253],{"class":252},[53,33815,597],{"class":67},[53,33817,264],{"class":252},[53,33819,12747],{"class":256},[53,33821,253],{"class":252},[53,33823,75],{"class":67},[53,33825,264],{"class":252},[53,33827,9166],{"class":256},[53,33829,253],{"class":252},[53,33831,597],{"class":67},[53,33833,7658],{"class":71},[53,33835,9176],{"class":67},[53,33837,33838],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33839,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33843,115],{"class":114},[53,33845,102],{"class":67},[53,33847,13489],{"class":98},[53,33849,95],{"class":67},[53,33851,5233],{"class":24615},[53,33853,108],{"class":67},[14,33855,33856,33859],{},[18,33857,33858],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33861,18559],{},[44,33863,33865],{"className":46,"code":33864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(student.values())\n",[18,33866,33867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33868,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33870,115],{"class":114},[53,33872,102],{"class":67},[53,33874,13489],{"class":98},[53,33876,95],{"class":67},[53,33878,5233],{"class":98},[53,33880,7064],{"class":67},[830,33882,33884],{"id":33883},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33886,33887],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[44,33889,33891],{"className":46,"code":33890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,33892,33893,33925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33894,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33896,1692],{"class":59},[53,33898,64],{"class":63},[53,33900,679],{"class":67},[53,33902,253],{"class":252},[53,33904,183],{"class":256},[53,33906,253],{"class":252},[53,33908,597],{"class":67},[53,33910,5371],{"class":71},[53,33912,75],{"class":67},[53,33914,264],{"class":252},[53,33916,1453],{"class":256},[53,33918,253],{"class":252},[53,33920,597],{"class":67},[53,33922,78],{"class":71},[53,33924,9176],{"class":67},[53,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33928,115],{"class":114},[53,33930,102],{"class":67},[53,33932,1709],{"class":98},[53,33934,95],{"class":67},[53,33936,5233],{"class":98},[53,33938,7064],{"class":67},[14,33940,33941],{},"Not like this:",[44,33943,33945],{"className":46,"code":33944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,33946,33947,33952,33957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33948,33949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33950,33951],{"class":127},"# Wrong examples:\n",[53,33953,33954],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33955,33956],{"class":127},"# data().values()\n",[53,33958,33959],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33960,33961],{"class":127},"# values(data)\n",[14,33963,3220],{},[44,33965,33967],{"className":46,"code":33966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,33968,33969,33983,33993,34007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33972,115],{"class":114},[53,33974,102],{"class":67},[53,33976,3102],{"class":2782},[53,33978,102],{"class":67},[53,33980,11318],{"class":98},[53,33982,1907],{"class":67},[53,33984,33985,33987,33989,33991],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,33986,115],{"class":114},[53,33988,102],{"class":67},[53,33990,11318],{"class":98},[53,33992,108],{"class":67},[53,33994,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,33996,115],{"class":114},[53,33998,102],{"class":67},[53,34000,11318],{"class":98},[53,34002,95],{"class":67},[53,34004,5233],{"class":98},[53,34006,7064],{"class":67},[53,34008,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,34010,115],{"class":114},[53,34012,102],{"class":67},[53,34014,7961],{"class":2782},[53,34016,102],{"class":67},[53,34018,11318],{"class":98},[53,34020,95],{"class":67},[53,34022,5233],{"class":98},[53,34024,6162],{"class":67},[39,34026,1650],{"id":1649},[830,34028,5017,34030,5020],{"id":34029},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34031,32184],{},[14,34033,17287,34034,34036],{},[18,34035,16902],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[830,34038,12570,34040,23796],{"id":34039},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34041,16936],{},[14,34043,23799,34044,23803],{},[18,34045,34046],{},"list(...)",[830,34048,25921,34050,2370],{"id":34049},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34051,32184],{},[14,34053,34054,34055,25929],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34056,1559],{},[830,34058,12570,34060,34062],{"id":34059},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34061,32184],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34064,34065],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[830,34067,34069,34070,34072,34073,2370],{"id":34068},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34071,16936],{}," different from ",[18,34074,16943],{},[14,34076,34077,34079,34080,34082],{},[18,34078,16936],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34081,16943],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[39,34084,1782],{"id":1781},[140,34086,34087,34093,34099,34103,34109,34113],{},[143,34088,34089],{},[183,34090,10604,34091,10608],{"href":16927},[18,34092,16930],{},[143,34094,34095],{},[183,34096,10604,34097,10608],{"href":16940},[18,34098,16943],{},[143,34100,34101],{},[183,34102,11110],{"href":9258},[143,34104,34105],{},[183,34106,34108],{"href":34107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[143,34110,34111],{},[183,34112,23881],{"href":33033},[143,34114,34115],{},[183,34116,30214,34117],{"href":25544},[18,34118,34119],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1810,34121,34122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":34124},[34125,34126,34128,34129,34131,34132,34133,34134,34136,34147,34159],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":32354,"depth":89,"text":34127},"What values() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":32424,"depth":89,"text":34130},"What values() returns",{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":32903,"depth":89,"text":32904},{"id":33036,"depth":89,"text":33037},{"id":33194,"depth":89,"text":34135},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":34137},[34138,34140,34142,34144,34146],{"id":33409,"depth":111,"text":34139},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33500,"depth":111,"text":34141},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33634,"depth":111,"text":34143},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33787,"depth":111,"text":34145},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33883,"depth":111,"text":33884},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":34148},[34149,34151,34153,34155,34157],{"id":34029,"depth":111,"text":34150},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34039,"depth":111,"text":34152},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34049,"depth":111,"text":34154},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34059,"depth":111,"text":34156},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34068,"depth":111,"text":34158},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32171,"description":34160},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34166,"title":34167,"body":34168,"description":35598,"extension":1841,"meta":35599,"navigation":301,"path":35600,"seo":35601,"stem":35602,"__hash__":35603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34169,"toc":35550},[34170,34176,34181,34184,34200,34209,34211,34243,34249,34252,34347,34350,34355,34360,34363,34374,34376,34390,34396,34398,34403,34409,34412,34451,34459,34464,34467,34512,34515,34526,34532,34538,34542,34575,34578,34596,34599,34603,34642,34644,34664,34667,34679,34684,34690,34693,34748,34751,34762,34765,34776,34779,34783,34789,34791,34821,34824,34839,34842,34845,34864,34867,34883,34892,34894,34925,34931,34936,34939,34946,34977,34980,35002,35005,35008,35022,35026,35057,35072,35079,35086,35090,35098,35102,35110,35113,35162,35173,35175,35178,35184,35189,35199,35203,35206,35209,35213,35216,35218,35239,35243,35249,35260,35266,35268,35274,35298,35301,35364,35367,35395,35398,35460,35462,35467,35470,35477,35485,35492,35495,35503,35509,35511,35538,35547],[10,34171,3457,34173,3461],{"id":34172},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34174,34175],{},"dir()",[14,34177,32181,34178,34180],{},[18,34179,34175],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34182,34183],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[140,34185,34186,34189,34192,34197],{},[143,34187,34188],{},"learning Python",[143,34190,34191],{},"exploring a new object",[143,34193,34194,34195],{},"debugging an ",[18,34196,25537],{},[143,34198,34199],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34201,34202,34203,34205,34206],{},"In short, ",[18,34204,34175],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[23,34207,34208],{},"“What can I use here?”",[39,34210,1882],{"id":1881},[44,34212,34214],{"className":46,"code":34213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34215,34216,34228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34217,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34219,7743],{"class":59},[53,34221,64],{"class":63},[53,34223,264],{"class":252},[53,34225,556],{"class":256},[53,34227,3239],{"class":252},[53,34229,34230,34232,34234,34237,34239,34241],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34231,115],{"class":114},[53,34233,102],{"class":67},[53,34235,34236],{"class":114},"dir",[53,34238,102],{"class":67},[53,34240,592],{"class":98},[53,34242,1907],{"class":67},[14,34244,131,34245,34248],{},[18,34246,34247],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34250,34251],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[44,34253,34255],{"className":46,"code":34254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34256,34257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34258,34259,34261,34263,34266,34268,34270,34272,34275,34277,34279,34281,34284,34286,34288,34290,34293,34295,34297,34299,34302,34304,34306,34308,34311,34313,34315,34319,34321,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331,34334,34336,34338,34340,34343,34345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34260,338],{"class":67},[53,34262,341],{"class":252},[53,34264,34265],{"class":256},"__add__",[53,34267,341],{"class":252},[53,34269,75],{"class":67},[53,34271,350],{"class":252},[53,34273,34274],{"class":256},"__class__",[53,34276,341],{"class":252},[53,34278,75],{"class":67},[53,34280,350],{"class":252},[53,34282,34283],{"class":256},"__contains__",[53,34285,341],{"class":252},[53,34287,75],{"class":67},[53,34289,350],{"class":252},[53,34291,34292],{"class":256},"__delattr__",[53,34294,341],{"class":252},[53,34296,75],{"class":67},[53,34298,350],{"class":252},[53,34300,34301],{"class":256},"__dir__",[53,34303,341],{"class":252},[53,34305,75],{"class":67},[53,34307,350],{"class":252},[53,34309,34310],{"class":256},"__doc__",[53,34312,341],{"class":252},[53,34314,75],{"class":67},[53,34316,34318],{"class":34317},"s_hVV"," ...",[53,34320,75],{"class":67},[53,34322,350],{"class":252},[53,34324,8507],{"class":256},[53,34326,341],{"class":252},[53,34328,75],{"class":67},[53,34330,350],{"class":252},[53,34332,34333],{"class":256},"split",[53,34335,341],{"class":252},[53,34337,75],{"class":67},[53,34339,350],{"class":252},[53,34341,34342],{"class":256},"upper",[53,34344,341],{"class":252},[53,34346,86],{"class":67},[14,34348,34349],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[39,34351,3556,34353,3559],{"id":34352},"what-dir-does",[18,34354,34175],{},[14,34356,34357,34359],{},[18,34358,34175],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34361,34362],{},"It usually includes:",[140,34364,34365,34368,34371],{},[143,34366,34367],{},"attributes",[143,34369,34370],{},"methods",[143,34372,34373],{},"special Python names",[14,34375,11327],{},[140,34377,34378,34384,34387],{},[143,34379,34380,34381],{},"The result is a ",[23,34382,34383],{},"list of strings",[143,34385,34386],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[143,34388,34389],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34391,34392,34393,34395],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34394,34175],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[39,34397,2039],{"id":2038},[14,34399,34400,34402],{},[18,34401,34175],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[830,34404,34406,34408],{"id":34405},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34407,34175],{}," with no argument",[14,34410,34411],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[44,34413,34415],{"className":46,"code":34414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34416,34417,34425,34437,34441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34418,34419,34421,34423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34420,2905],{"class":59},[53,34422,64],{"class":63},[53,34424,2465],{"class":71},[53,34426,34427,34429,34431,34433,34435],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34428,7743],{"class":59},[53,34430,64],{"class":63},[53,34432,264],{"class":252},[53,34434,602],{"class":256},[53,34436,3239],{"class":252},[53,34438,34439],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,34440,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,34442,34443,34445,34447,34449],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,34444,115],{"class":114},[53,34446,102],{"class":67},[53,34448,34236],{"class":114},[53,34450,7064],{"class":67},[14,34452,34453,34454,4269,34456,34458],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34455,2056],{},[18,34457,592],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[830,34460,34462],{"id":34461},"dirobject",[18,34463,34247],{},[14,34465,34466],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[44,34468,34470],{"className":46,"code":34469,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34471,34472,34490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34473,34474,34476,34478,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34475,115],{"class":114},[53,34477,102],{"class":67},[53,34479,34236],{"class":114},[53,34481,102],{"class":67},[53,34483,253],{"class":252},[53,34485,556],{"class":256},[53,34487,253],{"class":252},[53,34489,1907],{"class":67},[53,34491,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502,34504,34506,34508,34510],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34493,115],{"class":114},[53,34495,102],{"class":67},[53,34497,34236],{"class":114},[53,34499,619],{"class":67},[53,34501,72],{"class":71},[53,34503,75],{"class":67},[53,34505,78],{"class":71},[53,34507,75],{"class":67},[53,34509,83],{"class":71},[53,34511,2879],{"class":67},[14,34513,34514],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[140,34516,34517,34519,34521,34524],{},[143,34518,166],{},[143,34520,172],{},[143,34522,34523],{},"modules",[143,34525,178],{},[39,34527,833,34529,34531],{"id":34528},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34530,34175],{}," with a value",[14,34533,34534,34535,34537],{},"A common use of ",[18,34536,34175],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[830,34539,34541],{"id":34540},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[44,34543,34545],{"className":46,"code":34544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34546,34547,34560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34548,34549,34552,34554,34556,34558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34550,34551],{"class":59},"text ",[53,34553,64],{"class":63},[53,34555,264],{"class":252},[53,34557,556],{"class":256},[53,34559,3239],{"class":252},[53,34561,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34573],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34563,115],{"class":114},[53,34565,102],{"class":67},[53,34567,34236],{"class":114},[53,34569,102],{"class":67},[53,34571,34572],{"class":98},"text",[53,34574,1907],{"class":67},[14,34576,34577],{},"You will see method names like:",[140,34579,34580,34584,34588,34592],{},[143,34581,34582],{},[18,34583,8507],{},[143,34585,34586],{},[18,34587,34342],{},[143,34589,34590],{},[18,34591,34333],{},[143,34593,34594],{},[18,34595,8501],{},[14,34597,34598],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[830,34600,34602],{"id":34601},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[44,34604,34606],{"className":46,"code":34605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34607,34608,34628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34609,34610,34612,34614,34616,34618,34620,34622,34624,34626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34611,60],{"class":59},[53,34613,64],{"class":63},[53,34615,68],{"class":67},[53,34617,72],{"class":71},[53,34619,75],{"class":67},[53,34621,78],{"class":71},[53,34623,75],{"class":67},[53,34625,83],{"class":71},[53,34627,86],{"class":67},[53,34629,34630,34632,34634,34636,34638,34640],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34631,115],{"class":114},[53,34633,102],{"class":67},[53,34635,34236],{"class":114},[53,34637,102],{"class":67},[53,34639,92],{"class":98},[53,34641,1907],{"class":67},[14,34643,34577],{},[140,34645,34646,34650,34654,34659],{},[143,34647,34648],{},[18,34649,99],{},[143,34651,34652],{},[18,34653,26106],{},[143,34655,34656],{},[18,34657,34658],{},"remove",[143,34660,34661],{},[18,34662,34663],{},"sort",[14,34665,34666],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34668,34669,34670,34675,34676,34678],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[183,34671,34673],{"href":34672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34674,2181],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34677,34175],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[39,34680,833,34682,34408],{"id":34681},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34683,34175],{},[14,34685,34686,34687,34689],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34688,34175],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34691,34692],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[44,34694,34696],{"className":46,"code":34695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34697,34698,34707,34711,34722,34734,34738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34699,34700,34702,34704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34701,2905],{"class":59},[53,34703,64],{"class":63},[53,34705,34706],{"class":71}," 5\n",[53,34708,34709],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34710,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,34712,34713,34716,34720],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,34714,34715],{"class":1945},"def",[53,34717,34719],{"class":34718},"sGLFI"," greet",[53,34721,21460],{"class":67},[53,34723,34724,34727,34729,34732],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,34725,34726],{"class":1558},"    return",[53,34728,264],{"class":252},[53,34730,34731],{"class":256},"Hello",[53,34733,3239],{"class":252},[53,34735,34736],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,34737,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,34739,34740,34742,34744,34746],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,34741,115],{"class":114},[53,34743,102],{"class":67},[53,34745,34236],{"class":114},[53,34747,7064],{"class":67},[14,34749,34750],{},"The output will include names like:",[140,34752,34753,34757],{},[143,34754,34755],{},[18,34756,2056],{},[143,34758,34759],{},[18,34760,34761],{},"greet",[14,34763,34764],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[140,34766,34767,34770,34773],{},[143,34768,34769],{},"what variables exist",[143,34771,34772],{},"what functions you have defined",[143,34774,34775],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34777,34778],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[39,34780,34782],{"id":34781},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34784,34785,34786,34788],{},"When you first use ",[18,34787,34175],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34790,235],{},[44,34792,34793],{"className":46,"code":34544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,34794,34795,34807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34796,34797,34799,34801,34803,34805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34798,34551],{"class":59},[53,34800,64],{"class":63},[53,34802,264],{"class":252},[53,34804,556],{"class":256},[53,34806,3239],{"class":252},[53,34808,34809,34811,34813,34815,34817,34819],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34810,115],{"class":114},[53,34812,102],{"class":67},[53,34814,34236],{"class":114},[53,34816,102],{"class":67},[53,34818,34572],{"class":98},[53,34820,1907],{"class":67},[14,34822,34823],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[140,34825,34826,34830,34834],{},[143,34827,34828],{},[18,34829,34274],{},[143,34831,34832],{},[18,34833,34310],{},[143,34835,34836],{},[18,34837,34838],{},"__len__",[14,34840,34841],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34843,34844],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[140,34846,34847,34851,34855,34859],{},[143,34848,34849],{},[18,34850,34342],{},[143,34852,34853],{},[18,34854,8507],{},[143,34856,34857],{},[18,34858,34333],{},[143,34860,34861],{},[18,34862,34863],{},"replace",[14,34865,34866],{},"A key point to remember:",[140,34868,34869,34877],{},[143,34870,34871,34873,34874],{},[18,34872,34175],{}," lists ",[23,34875,34876],{},"names only",[143,34878,34879,34880,34882],{},"it does ",[23,34881,36],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34884,34885,34886,95],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[183,34887,34889],{"href":34888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,34890,34891],{},"help()",[14,34893,5345],{},[44,34895,34897],{"className":46,"code":34896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34898,34899,34911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34900,34901,34903,34905,34907,34909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34902,7743],{"class":59},[53,34904,64],{"class":63},[53,34906,264],{"class":252},[53,34908,556],{"class":256},[53,34910,3239],{"class":252},[53,34912,34913,34915,34917,34919,34921,34923],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34914,32016],{"class":114},[53,34916,102],{"class":67},[53,34918,592],{"class":98},[53,34920,95],{"class":67},[53,34922,34342],{"class":24615},[53,34924,108],{"class":67},[39,34926,34928,34930],{"id":34927},"dir-on-modules",[18,34929,34175],{}," on modules",[14,34932,15578,34933,34935],{},[18,34934,34175],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34937,34938],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[830,34940,34942,34943,34945],{"id":34941},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,34944,18281],{}," module",[44,34947,34949],{"className":46,"code":34948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,34950,34951,34959,34963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34952,34953,34956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34954,34955],{"class":1558},"import",[53,34957,34958],{"class":59}," math\n",[53,34960,34961],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,34962,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,34964,34965,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,34966,115],{"class":114},[53,34968,102],{"class":67},[53,34970,34236],{"class":114},[53,34972,102],{"class":67},[53,34974,18281],{"class":98},[53,34976,1907],{"class":67},[14,34978,34979],{},"You may see names like:",[140,34981,34982,34987,34992,34997],{},[143,34983,34984],{},[18,34985,34986],{},"sqrt",[143,34988,34989],{},[18,34990,34991],{},"ceil",[143,34993,34994],{},[18,34995,34996],{},"floor",[143,34998,34999],{},[18,35000,35001],{},"pi",[14,35003,35004],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35006,35007],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[140,35009,35010,35016],{},[143,35011,35012],{},[183,35013,35015],{"href":35014},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[143,35017,35018],{},[183,35019,35021],{"href":35020},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[830,35023,35025],{"id":35024},"another-example","Another example",[44,35027,35029],{"className":46,"code":35028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35030,35031,35038,35042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35032,35033,35035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35034,34955],{"class":1558},[53,35036,35037],{"class":59}," json\n",[53,35039,35040],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35041,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35043,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052,35055],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35045,115],{"class":114},[53,35047,102],{"class":67},[53,35049,34236],{"class":114},[53,35051,102],{"class":67},[53,35053,35054],{"class":98},"json",[53,35056,1907],{"class":67},[14,35058,35059,35060,2072,35063,2072,35066,16937,35069,95],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35061,35062],{},"dump",[18,35064,35065],{},"dumps",[18,35067,35068],{},"load",[18,35070,35071],{},"loads",[39,35073,35075,10452,35077],{"id":35074},"dir-vs-help",[18,35076,34175],{},[18,35078,34891],{},[14,35080,35081,4269,35083,35085],{},[18,35082,34175],{},[18,35084,34891],{}," are often used together.",[830,35087,35088],{"id":34236},[18,35089,34175],{},[140,35091,35092,35095],{},[143,35093,35094],{},"shows available names",[143,35096,35097],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[830,35099,35100],{"id":32016},[18,35101,34891],{},[140,35103,35104,35107],{},[143,35105,35106],{},"explains what an object or function does",[143,35108,35109],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35111,35112],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[44,35114,35116],{"className":46,"code":35115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35117,35118,35130,35134,35148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35119,35120,35122,35124,35126,35128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35121,7743],{"class":59},[53,35123,64],{"class":63},[53,35125,264],{"class":252},[53,35127,556],{"class":256},[53,35129,3239],{"class":252},[53,35131,35132],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35133,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35135,35136,35138,35140,35142,35144,35146],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35137,115],{"class":114},[53,35139,102],{"class":67},[53,35141,34236],{"class":114},[53,35143,102],{"class":67},[53,35145,592],{"class":98},[53,35147,1907],{"class":67},[53,35149,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,35151,32016],{"class":114},[53,35153,102],{"class":67},[53,35155,592],{"class":98},[53,35157,95],{"class":67},[53,35159,34342],{"class":24615},[53,35161,108],{"class":67},[14,35163,131,35164,35166,35167,35169,35170,35172],{},[18,35165,34175],{}," first to find a method name.",[9713,35168],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35171,34891],{}," to understand how to use it.",[39,35174,25223],{"id":25222},[14,35176,35177],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[830,35179,35181,35183],{"id":35180},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35182,34175],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35185,35186,35188],{},[18,35187,34175],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35190,35191,35192,35194,35195,35198],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35193,34342],{}," in ",[18,35196,35197],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[830,35200,35202],{"id":35201},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35204,35205],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35207,35208],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[830,35210,35212],{"id":35211},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35214,35215],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35217,5345],{},[140,35219,35220,35225,35231],{},[143,35221,35222,35224],{},[18,35223,35197],{}," shows string-related names",[143,35226,35227,35230],{},[18,35228,35229],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[143,35232,35233,35236,35237,34945],{},[18,35234,35235],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35238,18281],{},[830,35240,35242],{"id":35241},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35244,35245,35246,35248],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35247,34175],{}," does not mean you already know:",[140,35250,35251,35254,35257],{},[143,35252,35253],{},"what it does",[143,35255,35256],{},"what arguments it needs",[143,35258,35259],{},"what it returns",[14,35261,35262,35263,35265],{},"That is why ",[18,35264,34891],{}," is the natural next step.",[39,35267,2709],{"id":2708},[14,35269,35270,35271,35273],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35272,34175],{}," in these situations:",[140,35275,35276,35279,35288,35291],{},[143,35277,35278],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[143,35280,35281,35282,35287],{},"Seeing an ",[183,35283,35285],{"href":35284},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35286,25537],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[143,35289,35290],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[143,35292,833,35293,35295,35296],{},[18,35294,34175],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35297,34891],{},[14,35299,35300],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[44,35302,35304],{"className":46,"code":35303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35305,35306,35318,35322,35336,35350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35307,35308,35310,35312,35314,35316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35309,7743],{"class":59},[53,35311,64],{"class":63},[53,35313,264],{"class":252},[53,35315,556],{"class":256},[53,35317,3239],{"class":252},[53,35319,35320],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35321,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35323,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35325,115],{"class":114},[53,35327,102],{"class":67},[53,35329,3102],{"class":2782},[53,35331,102],{"class":67},[53,35333,592],{"class":98},[53,35335,1907],{"class":67},[53,35337,35338,35340,35342,35344,35346,35348],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,35339,115],{"class":114},[53,35341,102],{"class":67},[53,35343,34236],{"class":114},[53,35345,102],{"class":67},[53,35347,592],{"class":98},[53,35349,1907],{"class":67},[53,35351,35352,35354,35356,35358,35360,35362],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,35353,32016],{"class":114},[53,35355,102],{"class":67},[53,35357,592],{"class":98},[53,35359,95],{"class":67},[53,35361,34342],{"class":24615},[53,35363,108],{"class":67},[14,35365,35366],{},"And for modules:",[44,35368,35369],{"className":46,"code":34948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,35370,35371,35377,35381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35372,35373,35375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35374,34955],{"class":1558},[53,35376,34958],{"class":59},[53,35378,35379],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35380,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35382,35383,35385,35387,35389,35391,35393],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35384,115],{"class":114},[53,35386,102],{"class":67},[53,35388,34236],{"class":114},[53,35390,102],{"class":67},[53,35392,18281],{"class":98},[53,35394,1907],{"class":67},[14,35396,35397],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[44,35399,35401],{"className":46,"code":35400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35402,35403,35408,35420,35430,35444,35450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35404,35405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35406,35407],{"class":59},"python\n",[53,35409,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35411,7743],{"class":59},[53,35413,64],{"class":63},[53,35415,264],{"class":252},[53,35417,556],{"class":256},[53,35419,3239],{"class":252},[53,35421,35422,35424,35426,35428],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35423,34236],{"class":114},[53,35425,102],{"class":67},[53,35427,592],{"class":98},[53,35429,108],{"class":67},[53,35431,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,35433,32016],{"class":114},[53,35435,102],{"class":67},[53,35437,592],{"class":98},[53,35439,95],{"class":67},[53,35441,34342],{"class":24615},[53,35443,108],{"class":67},[53,35445,35446,35448],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,35447,34955],{"class":1558},[53,35449,34958],{"class":59},[53,35451,35452,35454,35456,35458],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,35453,34236],{"class":114},[53,35455,102],{"class":67},[53,35457,18281],{"class":98},[53,35459,108],{"class":67},[39,35461,1650],{"id":1649},[830,35463,5017,35465,5020],{"id":35464},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35466,34175],{},[14,35468,35469],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[830,35471,5055,35473,4269,35475,2370],{"id":35472},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35474,34175],{},[18,35476,34891],{},[14,35478,35479,35481,35482,35484],{},[18,35480,34175],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35483,34891],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[830,35486,35488,35489,35491],{"id":35487},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35490,34175],{}," output?",[14,35493,35494],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[830,35496,5045,35498,35500,35501,2370],{"id":35497},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35499,34175],{}," help fix ",[18,35502,25537],{},[14,35504,35505,35506,95],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[183,35507,35508],{"href":35284},"object has no attribute",[39,35510,1782],{"id":1781},[140,35512,35513,35519,35524,35528,35532],{},[143,35514,35515],{},[183,35516,3457,35517,3390],{"href":34888},[18,35518,34891],{},[143,35520,35521],{},[183,35522,35523],{"href":35284},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[143,35525,35526],{},[183,35527,35015],{"href":35014},[143,35529,35530],{},[183,35531,35021],{"href":35020},[143,35533,35534],{},[183,35535,3457,35536,3390],{"href":34672},[18,35537,2181],{},[14,35539,35540,35541,35543,35544,35546],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35542,34175],{}," together with ",[18,35545,34891],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1810,35548,35549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":35551},[35552,35553,35555,35560,35565,35567,35568,35574,35579,35586,35587,35597],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":34352,"depth":89,"text":35554},"What dir() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":35556},[35557,35559],{"id":34405,"depth":111,"text":35558},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34461,"depth":111,"text":34247},{"id":34528,"depth":89,"text":35561,"children":35562},"Using dir() with a value",[35563,35564],{"id":34540,"depth":111,"text":34541},{"id":34601,"depth":111,"text":34602},{"id":34681,"depth":89,"text":35566},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34781,"depth":89,"text":34782},{"id":34927,"depth":89,"text":35569,"children":35570},"dir() on modules",[35571,35573],{"id":34941,"depth":111,"text":35572},"Example: math module",{"id":35024,"depth":111,"text":35025},{"id":35074,"depth":89,"text":35575,"children":35576},"dir() vs help()",[35577,35578],{"id":34236,"depth":111,"text":34175},{"id":32016,"depth":111,"text":34891},{"id":25222,"depth":89,"text":25223,"children":35580},[35581,35583,35584,35585],{"id":35180,"depth":111,"text":35582},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35201,"depth":111,"text":35202},{"id":35211,"depth":111,"text":35212},{"id":35241,"depth":111,"text":35242},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":35588},[35589,35591,35593,35595],{"id":35464,"depth":111,"text":35590},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35472,"depth":111,"text":35592},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35487,"depth":111,"text":35594},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35497,"depth":111,"text":35596},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34167,"description":35598},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35605,"title":35606,"body":35607,"description":37422,"extension":1841,"meta":37423,"navigation":301,"path":37424,"seo":37425,"stem":37426,"__hash__":37427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35608,"toc":37391},[35609,35615,35620,35623,35631,35637,35639,35719,35721,35747,35752,35757,35762,35765,35776,35779,35781,35860,35862,35888,35895,35897,35899,35924,35927,35940,35945,35947,36026,36028,36054,36063,36068,36076,36082,36089,36092,36094,36171,36174,36231,36233,36270,36276,36281,36286,36288,36302,36304,36407,36409,36452,36461,36471,36478,36484,36491,36574,36576,36599,36602,36605,36607,36611,36615,36618,36681,36704,36707,36711,36717,36719,36786,36789,36866,36871,36877,36880,36883,36929,36931,36955,36960,36964,36969,36975,37038,37041,37043,37046,37071,37074,37209,37211,37312,37314,37319,37322,37328,37338,37346,37351,37357,37363,37365,37388],[10,35610,3457,35612,3461],{"id":35611},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35613,35614],{},"enumerate()",[14,35616,35617,35619],{},[18,35618,35614],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35621,35622],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[140,35624,35625,35628],{},[143,35626,35627],{},"the item itself",[143,35629,35630],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35632,35633,35634,35636],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35635,35614],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[39,35638,1882],{"id":1881},[44,35640,35642],{"className":46,"code":35641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35643,35644,35676,35680,35703],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35645,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35647,398],{"class":59},[53,35649,64],{"class":63},[53,35651,68],{"class":67},[53,35653,253],{"class":252},[53,35655,407],{"class":256},[53,35657,253],{"class":252},[53,35659,75],{"class":67},[53,35661,264],{"class":252},[53,35663,436],{"class":256},[53,35665,253],{"class":252},[53,35667,75],{"class":67},[53,35669,264],{"class":252},[53,35671,416],{"class":256},[53,35673,253],{"class":252},[53,35675,86],{"class":67},[53,35677,35678],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35679,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35681,35682,35684,35687,35689,35692,35694,35697,35699,35701],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35683,1559],{"class":1558},[53,35685,35686],{"class":59}," index",[53,35688,75],{"class":67},[53,35690,35691],{"class":59}," color ",[53,35693,1565],{"class":1558},[53,35695,35696],{"class":114}," enumerate",[53,35698,102],{"class":67},[53,35700,425],{"class":98},[53,35702,1580],{"class":67},[53,35704,35705,35707,35709,35712,35714,35717],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,35706,7936],{"class":114},[53,35708,102],{"class":67},[53,35710,35711],{"class":98},"index",[53,35713,75],{"class":67},[53,35715,35716],{"class":98}," color",[53,35718,108],{"class":67},[14,35720,328],{},[44,35722,35724],{"className":46,"code":35723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35725,35726,35733,35740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35727,35728,35730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35729,2000],{"class":71},[53,35731,35732],{"class":59}," red\n",[53,35734,35735,35737],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35736,72],{"class":71},[53,35738,35739],{"class":59}," green\n",[53,35741,35742,35744],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35743,1937],{"class":71},[53,35745,35746],{"class":59}," blue\n",[14,35748,131,35749,35751],{},[18,35750,35614],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[39,35753,3556,35755,3559],{"id":35754},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35756,35614],{},[14,35758,35759,35761],{},[18,35760,35614],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35763,35764],{},"It is commonly used with:",[140,35766,35767,35769,35771,35773],{},[143,35768,172],{},[143,35770,5178],{},[143,35772,166],{},[143,35774,35775],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35777,35778],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35780,235],{},[44,35782,35784],{"className":46,"code":35783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35785,35786,35820,35824,35845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35787,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35807,35809,35811,35813,35816,35818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35789,4869],{"class":59},[53,35791,64],{"class":63},[53,35793,68],{"class":67},[53,35795,253],{"class":252},[53,35797,12747],{"class":256},[53,35799,253],{"class":252},[53,35801,75],{"class":67},[53,35803,264],{"class":252},[53,35805,35806],{"class":256},"Ben",[53,35808,253],{"class":252},[53,35810,75],{"class":67},[53,35812,264],{"class":252},[53,35814,35815],{"class":256},"Cara",[53,35817,253],{"class":252},[53,35819,86],{"class":67},[53,35821,35822],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35823,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35825,35826,35828,35830,35832,35835,35837,35839,35841,35843],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35827,1559],{"class":1558},[53,35829,35686],{"class":59},[53,35831,75],{"class":67},[53,35833,35834],{"class":59}," name ",[53,35836,1565],{"class":1558},[53,35838,35696],{"class":114},[53,35840,102],{"class":67},[53,35842,4913],{"class":98},[53,35844,1580],{"class":67},[53,35846,35847,35849,35851,35853,35855,35858],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,35848,7936],{"class":114},[53,35850,102],{"class":67},[53,35852,35711],{"class":98},[53,35854,75],{"class":67},[53,35856,35857],{"class":98}," name",[53,35859,108],{"class":67},[14,35861,328],{},[44,35863,35865],{"className":46,"code":35864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,35866,35867,35874,35881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35868,35869,35871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35870,2000],{"class":71},[53,35872,35873],{"class":59}," Ana\n",[53,35875,35876,35878],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35877,72],{"class":71},[53,35879,35880],{"class":59}," Ben\n",[53,35882,35883,35885],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35884,1937],{"class":71},[53,35886,35887],{"class":59}," Cara\n",[14,35889,35890,35891,95],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[183,35892,35894],{"href":35893},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[39,35896,2039],{"id":2038},[14,35898,2042],{},[44,35900,35902],{"className":46,"code":35901,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,35903,35904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35905,35906,35909,35911,35913,35915,35918,35920,35922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35907,35908],{"class":114},"enumerate",[53,35910,102],{"class":67},[53,35912,3600],{"class":98},[53,35914,75],{"class":67},[53,35916,35917],{"class":9043}," start",[53,35919,64],{"class":63},[53,35921,2000],{"class":71},[53,35923,108],{"class":67},[14,35925,35926],{},"It has two parts:",[140,35928,35929,35934],{},[143,35930,35931,35933],{},[18,35932,3600],{},": the object you want to loop through",[143,35935,35936,35939],{},[18,35937,35938],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35941,35942,35943,95],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,35944,2000],{},[14,35946,235],{},[44,35948,35950],{"className":46,"code":35949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,35951,35952,35984,35988,36010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35953,35954,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35972,35974,35976,35978,35980,35982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35955,1411],{"class":59},[53,35957,64],{"class":63},[53,35959,68],{"class":67},[53,35961,253],{"class":252},[53,35963,183],{"class":256},[53,35965,253],{"class":252},[53,35967,75],{"class":67},[53,35969,264],{"class":252},[53,35971,1453],{"class":256},[53,35973,253],{"class":252},[53,35975,75],{"class":67},[53,35977,264],{"class":252},[53,35979,1428],{"class":256},[53,35981,253],{"class":252},[53,35983,86],{"class":67},[53,35985,35986],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,35987,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,35989,35990,35992,35995,35997,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,35991,1559],{"class":1558},[53,35993,35994],{"class":59}," i",[53,35996,75],{"class":67},[53,35998,35999],{"class":59}," letter ",[53,36001,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36003,35696],{"class":114},[53,36005,102],{"class":67},[53,36007,1437],{"class":98},[53,36009,1580],{"class":67},[53,36011,36012,36014,36016,36019,36021,36024],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36013,7936],{"class":114},[53,36015,102],{"class":67},[53,36017,36018],{"class":98},"i",[53,36020,75],{"class":67},[53,36022,36023],{"class":98}," letter",[53,36025,108],{"class":67},[14,36027,328],{},[44,36029,36031],{"className":46,"code":36030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36032,36033,36040,36047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36034,36035,36037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36036,2000],{"class":71},[53,36038,36039],{"class":59}," a\n",[53,36041,36042,36044],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36043,72],{"class":71},[53,36045,36046],{"class":59}," b\n",[53,36048,36049,36051],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36050,1937],{"class":71},[53,36052,36053],{"class":59}," c\n",[14,36055,36056,36057,95],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[183,36058,3457,36060,3390],{"href":36059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36061,36062],{},"range()",[39,36064,3556,36066,11573],{"id":36065},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36067,35614],{},[14,36069,36070,36072,36073,95],{},[18,36071,35614],{}," returns an ",[23,36074,36075],{},"enumerate object",[14,36077,36078,36079,36081],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36080,1559],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[140,36083,36084],{},[143,36085,36086],{},[18,36087,36088],{},"(index, item)",[14,36090,36091],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36093,235],{},[44,36095,36097],{"className":46,"code":36096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36098,36099,36131,36135,36156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36100,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36102,245],{"class":59},[53,36104,64],{"class":63},[53,36106,68],{"class":67},[53,36108,253],{"class":252},[53,36110,257],{"class":256},[53,36112,253],{"class":252},[53,36114,75],{"class":67},[53,36116,264],{"class":252},[53,36118,267],{"class":256},[53,36120,253],{"class":252},[53,36122,75],{"class":67},[53,36124,264],{"class":252},[53,36126,292],{"class":256},[53,36128,253],{"class":252},[53,36130,86],{"class":67},[53,36132,36133],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36134,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36136,36137,36139,36141,36143,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36138,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36140,35686],{"class":59},[53,36142,75],{"class":67},[53,36144,36145],{"class":59}," fruit ",[53,36147,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36149,35696],{"class":114},[53,36151,102],{"class":67},[53,36153,311],{"class":98},[53,36155,1580],{"class":67},[53,36157,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36169],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36159,7936],{"class":114},[53,36161,102],{"class":67},[53,36163,35711],{"class":98},[53,36165,75],{"class":67},[53,36167,36168],{"class":98}," fruit",[53,36170,108],{"class":67},[14,36172,36173],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[44,36175,36177],{"className":46,"code":36176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36178,36179,36199,36203,36221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36180,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36182,60],{"class":59},[53,36184,64],{"class":63},[53,36186,68],{"class":67},[53,36188,539],{"class":71},[53,36190,75],{"class":67},[53,36192,7658],{"class":71},[53,36194,75],{"class":67},[53,36196,7663],{"class":71},[53,36198,86],{"class":67},[53,36200,36201],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36202,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36204,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36206,276],{"class":59},[53,36208,64],{"class":63},[53,36210,22425],{"class":2782},[53,36212,102],{"class":67},[53,36214,35908],{"class":114},[53,36216,102],{"class":67},[53,36218,92],{"class":98},[53,36220,1907],{"class":67},[53,36222,36223,36225,36227,36229],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36224,115],{"class":114},[53,36226,102],{"class":67},[53,36228,323],{"class":98},[53,36230,108],{"class":67},[14,36232,328],{},[44,36234,36236],{"className":46,"code":36235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36237,36238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36239,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36241,21605],{"class":67},[53,36243,2000],{"class":71},[53,36245,75],{"class":67},[53,36247,5876],{"class":71},[53,36249,9100],{"class":67},[53,36251,9103],{"class":67},[53,36253,72],{"class":71},[53,36255,75],{"class":67},[53,36257,7658],{"class":71},[53,36259,9100],{"class":67},[53,36261,9103],{"class":67},[53,36263,1937],{"class":71},[53,36265,75],{"class":67},[53,36267,7663],{"class":71},[53,36269,9116],{"class":67},[14,36271,36272,36273,36275],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36274,35614],{}," produces.",[39,36277,4835,36279],{"id":36278},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36280,35614],{},[14,36282,131,36283,36285],{},[18,36284,35614],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36287,1518],{},[140,36289,36290,36293,36296,36299],{},[143,36291,36292],{},"printing numbered output",[143,36294,36295],{},"building menus",[143,36297,36298],{},"showing positions in a list",[143,36300,36301],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36303,235],{},[44,36305,36307],{"className":46,"code":36306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36308,36309,36344,36348,36378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36310,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36322,36324,36326,36328,36331,36333,36335,36337,36340,36342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36312,29764],{"class":59},[53,36314,64],{"class":63},[53,36316,68],{"class":67},[53,36318,253],{"class":252},[53,36320,36321],{"class":256},"Wash dishes",[53,36323,253],{"class":252},[53,36325,75],{"class":67},[53,36327,264],{"class":252},[53,36329,36330],{"class":256},"Study Python",[53,36332,253],{"class":252},[53,36334,75],{"class":67},[53,36336,264],{"class":252},[53,36338,36339],{"class":256},"Go for a walk",[53,36341,253],{"class":252},[53,36343,86],{"class":67},[53,36345,36346],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36347,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36349,36350,36352,36354,36356,36359,36361,36363,36365,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36351,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36353,1600],{"class":59},[53,36355,75],{"class":67},[53,36357,36358],{"class":59}," task ",[53,36360,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36362,35696],{"class":114},[53,36364,102],{"class":67},[53,36366,36367],{"class":98},"tasks",[53,36369,75],{"class":67},[53,36371,35917],{"class":9043},[53,36373,64],{"class":63},[53,36375,72],{"class":71},[53,36377,1580],{"class":67},[53,36379,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36401,36403,36405],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36381,7936],{"class":114},[53,36383,102],{"class":67},[53,36385,22159],{"class":1945},[53,36387,253],{"class":256},[53,36389,9145],{"class":71},[53,36391,2120],{"class":98},[53,36393,22168],{"class":71},[53,36395,28179],{"class":256},[53,36397,9145],{"class":71},[53,36399,36400],{"class":98},"task",[53,36402,22168],{"class":71},[53,36404,253],{"class":256},[53,36406,108],{"class":67},[14,36408,328],{},[44,36410,36412],{"className":46,"code":36411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36413,36414,36426,36438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36415,36416,36418,36420,36423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36417,72],{"class":71},[53,36419,95],{"class":67},[53,36421,36422],{"class":24615}," Wash",[53,36424,36425],{"class":59}," dishes\n",[53,36427,36428,36430,36432,36435],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36429,1937],{"class":71},[53,36431,95],{"class":67},[53,36433,36434],{"class":24615}," Study",[53,36436,36437],{"class":59}," Python\n",[53,36439,36440,36442,36444,36447,36449],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36441,754],{"class":71},[53,36443,95],{"class":67},[53,36445,36446],{"class":24615}," Go",[53,36448,3755],{"class":1558},[53,36450,36451],{"class":59}," a walk\n",[14,36453,36454,36455,36457,36458,95],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36456,35614],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36459,36460],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36462,36463,36464,95],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[183,36465,36467,36468,36470],{"href":36466},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36469,35614],{}," in Python",[39,36472,36474,36475,36477],{"id":36473},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36476,35938],{}," argument",[14,36479,36480,36481,36483],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36482,35938],{}," argument.",[14,36485,36486,36487,10959,36489,597],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36488,72],{},[18,36490,2000],{},[44,36492,36494],{"className":46,"code":36493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36495,36496,36528,36532,36560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36497,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36499,398],{"class":59},[53,36501,64],{"class":63},[53,36503,68],{"class":67},[53,36505,253],{"class":252},[53,36507,407],{"class":256},[53,36509,253],{"class":252},[53,36511,75],{"class":67},[53,36513,264],{"class":252},[53,36515,436],{"class":256},[53,36517,253],{"class":252},[53,36519,75],{"class":67},[53,36521,264],{"class":252},[53,36523,416],{"class":256},[53,36525,253],{"class":252},[53,36527,86],{"class":67},[53,36529,36530],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36531,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36533,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36535,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36537,35686],{"class":59},[53,36539,75],{"class":67},[53,36541,35691],{"class":59},[53,36543,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36545,35696],{"class":114},[53,36547,102],{"class":67},[53,36549,425],{"class":98},[53,36551,75],{"class":67},[53,36553,35917],{"class":9043},[53,36555,64],{"class":63},[53,36557,72],{"class":71},[53,36559,1580],{"class":67},[53,36561,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36563,7936],{"class":114},[53,36565,102],{"class":67},[53,36567,35711],{"class":98},[53,36569,75],{"class":67},[53,36571,35716],{"class":98},[53,36573,108],{"class":67},[14,36575,328],{},[44,36577,36579],{"className":46,"code":36578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36580,36581,36587,36593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36582,36583,36585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36584,72],{"class":71},[53,36586,35732],{"class":59},[53,36588,36589,36591],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36590,1937],{"class":71},[53,36592,35739],{"class":59},[53,36594,36595,36597],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36596,754],{"class":71},[53,36598,35746],{"class":59},[14,36600,36601],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36603,36604],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[39,36606,25223],{"id":25222},[14,36608,25226,36609,95],{},[18,36610,35614],{},[830,36612,36614],{"id":36613},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36616,36617],{},"In this loop:",[44,36619,36621],{"className":46,"code":36620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36622,36623,36643,36647,36667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36624,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36626,60],{"class":59},[53,36628,64],{"class":63},[53,36630,68],{"class":67},[53,36632,539],{"class":71},[53,36634,75],{"class":67},[53,36636,7658],{"class":71},[53,36638,75],{"class":67},[53,36640,7663],{"class":71},[53,36642,86],{"class":67},[53,36644,36645],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36646,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36648,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36650,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36652,35686],{"class":59},[53,36654,75],{"class":67},[53,36656,21449],{"class":59},[53,36658,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36660,35696],{"class":114},[53,36662,102],{"class":67},[53,36664,92],{"class":98},[53,36666,1580],{"class":67},[53,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36670,7936],{"class":114},[53,36672,102],{"class":67},[53,36674,35711],{"class":98},[53,36676,75],{"class":67},[53,36678,8299],{"class":98},[53,36680,108],{"class":67},[140,36682,36683,36693],{},[143,36684,36685,4657,36687,2072,36689,2072,36691],{},[18,36686,35711],{},[18,36688,2000],{},[18,36690,72],{},[18,36692,1937],{},[143,36694,36695,4657,36697,2072,36699,2072,36701],{},[18,36696,2350],{},[18,36698,539],{},[18,36700,15618],{},[18,36702,36703],{},"30",[14,36705,36706],{},"These are different things.",[830,36708,36710],{"id":36709},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36712,36713,36714,36716],{},"Each item from ",[18,36715,35614],{}," is a pair.",[14,36718,6557],{},[44,36720,36722],{"className":46,"code":36721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36723,36724,36748,36752,36772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36725,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36727,516],{"class":59},[53,36729,64],{"class":63},[53,36731,68],{"class":67},[53,36733,253],{"class":252},[53,36735,2056],{"class":256},[53,36737,253],{"class":252},[53,36739,75],{"class":67},[53,36741,264],{"class":252},[53,36743,11613],{"class":256},[53,36745,253],{"class":252},[53,36747,86],{"class":67},[53,36749,36750],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36751,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36753,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36755,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36757,35994],{"class":59},[53,36759,75],{"class":67},[53,36761,5833],{"class":59},[53,36763,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36765,35696],{"class":114},[53,36767,102],{"class":67},[53,36769,530],{"class":98},[53,36771,1580],{"class":67},[53,36773,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36775,7936],{"class":114},[53,36777,102],{"class":67},[53,36779,36018],{"class":98},[53,36781,75],{"class":67},[53,36783,29373],{"class":98},[53,36785,108],{"class":67},[14,36787,36788],{},"But this causes an error:",[44,36790,36792],{"className":46,"code":36791,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36793,36794,36818,36822,36847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36795,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36797,516],{"class":59},[53,36799,64],{"class":63},[53,36801,68],{"class":67},[53,36803,253],{"class":252},[53,36805,2056],{"class":256},[53,36807,253],{"class":252},[53,36809,75],{"class":67},[53,36811,264],{"class":252},[53,36813,11613],{"class":256},[53,36815,253],{"class":252},[53,36817,86],{"class":67},[53,36819,36820],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36821,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,36823,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36825,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36827,35994],{"class":59},[53,36829,75],{"class":67},[53,36831,29373],{"class":59},[53,36833,75],{"class":67},[53,36835,36836],{"class":59}," extra ",[53,36838,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36840,35696],{"class":114},[53,36842,102],{"class":67},[53,36844,530],{"class":98},[53,36846,1580],{"class":67},[53,36848,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36864],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,36850,7936],{"class":114},[53,36852,102],{"class":67},[53,36854,36018],{"class":98},[53,36856,75],{"class":67},[53,36858,29373],{"class":98},[53,36860,75],{"class":67},[53,36862,36863],{"class":98}," extra",[53,36865,108],{"class":67},[14,36867,28927,36868,36870],{},[18,36869,35614],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[830,36872,36874,36876],{"id":36873},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,36875,35614],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36878,36879],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36881,36882],{},"Example with a string:",[44,36884,36886],{"className":46,"code":36885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,36887,36888,36914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36889,36890,36892,36894,36896,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36910,36912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36891,1559],{"class":1558},[53,36893,35686],{"class":59},[53,36895,75],{"class":67},[53,36897,36898],{"class":59}," char ",[53,36900,1565],{"class":1558},[53,36902,35696],{"class":114},[53,36904,102],{"class":67},[53,36906,253],{"class":252},[53,36908,36909],{"class":256},"cat",[53,36911,253],{"class":252},[53,36913,1580],{"class":67},[53,36915,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36927],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36917,7936],{"class":114},[53,36919,102],{"class":67},[53,36921,35711],{"class":98},[53,36923,75],{"class":67},[53,36925,36926],{"class":98}," char",[53,36928,108],{"class":67},[14,36930,328],{},[44,36932,36934],{"className":46,"code":36933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,36935,36936,36942,36948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36937,36938,36940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36939,2000],{"class":71},[53,36941,36053],{"class":59},[53,36943,36944,36946],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,36945,72],{"class":71},[53,36947,36039],{"class":59},[53,36949,36950,36952],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,36951,1937],{"class":71},[53,36953,36954],{"class":59}," t\n",[14,36956,36957,36958,95],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[183,36959,5011],{"href":5459},[830,36961,36963],{"id":36962},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36965,36966,36967,95],{},"You do not always need ",[18,36968,35614],{},[14,36970,36971,36972,36974],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,36973,1559],{}," loop:",[44,36976,36978],{"className":46,"code":36977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,36979,36980,37012,37016,37028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36981,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36983,398],{"class":59},[53,36985,64],{"class":63},[53,36987,68],{"class":67},[53,36989,253],{"class":252},[53,36991,407],{"class":256},[53,36993,253],{"class":252},[53,36995,75],{"class":67},[53,36997,264],{"class":252},[53,36999,436],{"class":256},[53,37001,253],{"class":252},[53,37003,75],{"class":67},[53,37005,264],{"class":252},[53,37007,416],{"class":256},[53,37009,253],{"class":252},[53,37011,86],{"class":67},[53,37013,37014],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37015,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,37017,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37019,1559],{"class":1558},[53,37021,35691],{"class":59},[53,37023,1565],{"class":1558},[53,37025,12988],{"class":59},[53,37027,6265],{"class":67},[53,37029,37030,37032,37034,37036],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37031,7936],{"class":114},[53,37033,102],{"class":67},[53,37035,32755],{"class":98},[53,37037,108],{"class":67},[14,37039,37040],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[39,37042,2709],{"id":2708},[14,37044,37045],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[140,37047,37048,37053,37059,37064],{},[143,37049,22966,37050,37052],{},[18,37051,35614],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[143,37054,37055,37056,37058],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37057,2000],{}," by default",[143,37060,833,37061,37063],{},[18,37062,35614],{}," when only values are needed",[143,37065,37066,37067,8572,37069],{},"Confusing ",[18,37068,35614],{},[18,37070,36062],{},[14,37072,37073],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[44,37075,37077],{"className":46,"code":37076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37078,37079,37101,37128,37162,37195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37080,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37082,115],{"class":114},[53,37084,102],{"class":67},[53,37086,35908],{"class":114},[53,37088,619],{"class":67},[53,37090,539],{"class":71},[53,37092,75],{"class":67},[53,37094,7658],{"class":71},[53,37096,75],{"class":67},[53,37098,7663],{"class":71},[53,37100,2879],{"class":67},[53,37102,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37104,115],{"class":114},[53,37106,102],{"class":67},[53,37108,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37110,102],{"class":67},[53,37112,35908],{"class":114},[53,37114,619],{"class":67},[53,37116,539],{"class":71},[53,37118,75],{"class":67},[53,37120,7658],{"class":71},[53,37122,75],{"class":67},[53,37124,7663],{"class":71},[53,37126,37127],{"class":67},"])))\n",[53,37129,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37131,115],{"class":114},[53,37133,102],{"class":67},[53,37135,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37137,102],{"class":67},[53,37139,35908],{"class":114},[53,37141,619],{"class":67},[53,37143,539],{"class":71},[53,37145,75],{"class":67},[53,37147,7658],{"class":71},[53,37149,75],{"class":67},[53,37151,7663],{"class":71},[53,37153,17926],{"class":67},[53,37155,35917],{"class":9043},[53,37157,64],{"class":63},[53,37159,72],{"class":71},[53,37161,2793],{"class":67},[53,37163,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37165,1559],{"class":1558},[53,37167,35994],{"class":59},[53,37169,75],{"class":67},[53,37171,21449],{"class":59},[53,37173,1565],{"class":1558},[53,37175,35696],{"class":114},[53,37177,619],{"class":67},[53,37179,341],{"class":252},[53,37181,183],{"class":256},[53,37183,341],{"class":252},[53,37185,75],{"class":67},[53,37187,350],{"class":252},[53,37189,1453],{"class":256},[53,37191,341],{"class":252},[53,37193,37194],{"class":67},"]):\n",[53,37196,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,37198,7936],{"class":114},[53,37200,102],{"class":67},[53,37202,36018],{"class":98},[53,37204,75],{"class":67},[53,37206,8299],{"class":98},[53,37208,108],{"class":67},[14,37210,16823],{},[44,37212,37214],{"className":46,"code":37213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37215,37216,37236,37268,37300,37306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37227,37231,37234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37219,3171],{"class":63},[53,37221,35908],{"class":114},[53,37223,24482],{"class":2782},[53,37225,37226],{"class":59}," at ",[53,37228,37230],{"class":37229},"srjyR","0x",[53,37232,37233],{"class":34317},"...",[53,37235,3183],{"class":63},[53,37237,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37239,21605],{"class":67},[53,37241,2000],{"class":71},[53,37243,75],{"class":67},[53,37245,5876],{"class":71},[53,37247,9100],{"class":67},[53,37249,9103],{"class":67},[53,37251,72],{"class":71},[53,37253,75],{"class":67},[53,37255,7658],{"class":71},[53,37257,9100],{"class":67},[53,37259,9103],{"class":67},[53,37261,1937],{"class":71},[53,37263,75],{"class":67},[53,37265,7663],{"class":71},[53,37267,9116],{"class":67},[53,37269,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37271,21605],{"class":67},[53,37273,72],{"class":71},[53,37275,75],{"class":67},[53,37277,5876],{"class":71},[53,37279,9100],{"class":67},[53,37281,9103],{"class":67},[53,37283,1937],{"class":71},[53,37285,75],{"class":67},[53,37287,7658],{"class":71},[53,37289,9100],{"class":67},[53,37291,9103],{"class":67},[53,37293,754],{"class":71},[53,37295,75],{"class":67},[53,37297,7663],{"class":71},[53,37299,9116],{"class":67},[53,37301,37302,37304],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37303,2000],{"class":71},[53,37305,36039],{"class":59},[53,37307,37308,37310],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,37309,72],{"class":71},[53,37311,36046],{"class":59},[39,37313,1650],{"id":1649},[830,37315,5017,37317,5020],{"id":37316},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37318,35614],{},[14,37320,37321],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[830,37323,12570,37325,37327],{"id":37324},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37326,35614],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37329,37330,37331,37333,37334,37337],{},"It starts at ",[18,37332,2000],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37335,37336],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[830,37339,21285,37341,10959,37343,2370],{"id":37340},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37342,35614],{},[18,37344,37345],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37347,36454,37348,37350],{},[18,37349,35614],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[830,37352,5045,37354,37356],{"id":37353},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37355,35614],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37358,37359,37360,37362],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37361,35614],{}," can return each character with its index.",[39,37364,1782],{"id":1781},[140,37366,37367,37371,37377,37384],{},[143,37368,37369],{},[183,37370,35894],{"href":35893},[143,37372,37373],{},[183,37374,3457,37375,3390],{"href":36059},[18,37376,36062],{},[143,37378,37379],{},[183,37380,37381,37382,36470],{"href":36466},"How to use ",[18,37383,35614],{},[143,37385,37386],{},[183,37387,5092],{"href":5459},[1810,37389,37390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":37392},[37393,37394,37396,37397,37399,37401,37403,37410,37411,37421],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":35754,"depth":89,"text":37395},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":36065,"depth":89,"text":37398},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36278,"depth":89,"text":37400},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36473,"depth":89,"text":37402},"Using the start argument",{"id":25222,"depth":89,"text":25223,"children":37404},[37405,37406,37407,37409],{"id":36613,"depth":111,"text":36614},{"id":36709,"depth":111,"text":36710},{"id":36873,"depth":111,"text":37408},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36962,"depth":111,"text":36963},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":37412},[37413,37415,37417,37419],{"id":37316,"depth":111,"text":37414},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37324,"depth":111,"text":37416},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37340,"depth":111,"text":37418},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37353,"depth":111,"text":37420},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35606,"description":37422},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37429,"title":37430,"body":37431,"description":39946,"extension":1841,"meta":39947,"navigation":301,"path":39948,"seo":39949,"stem":39950,"__hash__":39951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37432,"toc":39903},[37433,37439,37444,37447,37455,37469,37471,37562,37570,37575,37580,37582,37598,37600,37679,37681,37698,37704,37708,37710,37731,37735,37738,37750,37754,37757,37760,37777,37780,37856,37858,37875,37880,37884,37892,37895,37910,37912,38001,38003,38048,38051,38055,38058,38137,38139,38161,38164,38171,38176,38179,38282,38284,38309,38312,38319,38325,38330,38333,38344,38450,38452,38473,38481,38488,38494,38513,38518,38521,38540,38542,38627,38629,38658,38661,38666,38671,38674,38685,38687,38776,38778,38798,38804,38910,38912,38932,38935,39019,39021,39041,39048,39050,39054,39060,39063,39120,39123,39126,39187,39196,39199,39202,39230,39233,39293,39295,39312,39316,39319,39397,39399,39419,39422,39497,39501,39504,39506,39515,39520,39522,39573,39581,39593,39598,39659,39661,39678,39682,39744,39746,39771,39779,39781,39787,39793,39800,39808,39814,39817,39824,39834,39840,39846,39849,39866,39872,39874,39900],[10,37434,3457,37436,3461],{"id":37435},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37437,37438],{},"filter()",[14,37440,37441,37443],{},[18,37442,37438],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37445,37446],{},"It takes:",[140,37448,37449,37452],{},[143,37450,37451],{},"a function that checks each item",[143,37453,37454],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37456,37457,37458,37461,37462,37465,37466,37468],{},"The result is ",[23,37459,37460],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37463,37464],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37467,24646],{}," to see the values.",[39,37470,1882],{"id":1881},[44,37472,37474],{"className":46,"code":37473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37475,37476,37509,37545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37477,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37479,60],{"class":59},[53,37481,64],{"class":63},[53,37483,68],{"class":67},[53,37485,72],{"class":71},[53,37487,75],{"class":67},[53,37489,78],{"class":71},[53,37491,75],{"class":67},[53,37493,83],{"class":71},[53,37495,75],{"class":67},[53,37497,759],{"class":71},[53,37499,75],{"class":67},[53,37501,1577],{"class":71},[53,37503,75],{"class":67},[53,37505,37506],{"class":71}," 6",[53,37508,86],{"class":67},[53,37510,37511,37513,37515,37518,37520,37523,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37512,276],{"class":59},[53,37514,64],{"class":63},[53,37516,37517],{"class":114}," filter",[53,37519,102],{"class":67},[53,37521,37522],{"class":1945},"lambda",[53,37524,37526],{"class":37525},"sFwrP"," x",[53,37528,597],{"class":67},[53,37530,3758],{"class":98},[53,37532,6275],{"class":63},[53,37534,78],{"class":71},[53,37536,6280],{"class":63},[53,37538,3713],{"class":71},[53,37540,75],{"class":67},[53,37542,4138],{"class":98},[53,37544,108],{"class":67},[53,37546,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37548,115],{"class":114},[53,37550,102],{"class":67},[53,37552,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37554,102],{"class":67},[53,37556,323],{"class":98},[53,37558,5236],{"class":67},[53,37560,37561],{"class":127},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37563,37564,37566,37567,37569],{},[18,37565,37438],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37568,24646],{}," to see the results.",[39,37571,3556,37573,3559],{"id":37572},"what-filter-does",[18,37574,37438],{},[14,37576,37577,37579],{},[18,37578,37438],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37581,1987],{},[140,37583,37584,37587,37593],{},[143,37585,37586],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[143,37588,37589,37590,37592],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37591,573],{},", the item is kept",[143,37594,37589,37595,37597],{},[18,37596,3552],{},", the item is removed",[14,37599,235],{},[44,37601,37603],{"className":46,"code":37602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37604,37605,37633,37637,37665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37608,60],{"class":59},[53,37610,64],{"class":63},[53,37612,68],{"class":67},[53,37614,72],{"class":71},[53,37616,75],{"class":67},[53,37618,78],{"class":71},[53,37620,75],{"class":67},[53,37622,83],{"class":71},[53,37624,75],{"class":67},[53,37626,759],{"class":71},[53,37628,75],{"class":67},[53,37630,1577],{"class":71},[53,37632,86],{"class":67},[53,37634,37635],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37636,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,37638,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37640,276],{"class":59},[53,37642,64],{"class":63},[53,37644,37517],{"class":114},[53,37646,102],{"class":67},[53,37648,37522],{"class":1945},[53,37650,37526],{"class":37525},[53,37652,597],{"class":67},[53,37654,3758],{"class":98},[53,37656,4127],{"class":63},[53,37658,83],{"class":71},[53,37660,75],{"class":67},[53,37662,4138],{"class":98},[53,37664,108],{"class":67},[53,37666,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37668,115],{"class":114},[53,37670,102],{"class":67},[53,37672,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37674,102],{"class":67},[53,37676,323],{"class":98},[53,37678,1907],{"class":67},[14,37680,328],{},[44,37682,37684],{"className":46,"code":37683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37685,37686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37687,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37689,338],{"class":67},[53,37691,105],{"class":71},[53,37693,75],{"class":67},[53,37695,1577],{"class":71},[53,37697,86],{"class":67},[14,37699,37700,37701,37703],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37702,754],{}," are kept.",[39,37705,37707],{"id":37706},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37709,2042],{},[44,37711,37713],{"className":46,"code":37712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37714,37715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37716,37717,37719,37721,37724,37726,37729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37718,37464],{"class":114},[53,37720,102],{"class":67},[53,37722,37723],{"class":98},"function",[53,37725,75],{"class":67},[53,37727,37728],{"class":98}," iterable",[53,37730,108],{"class":67},[830,37732,37733],{"id":37723},[18,37734,37723],{},[14,37736,37737],{},"This is the test function.",[140,37739,37740,37743],{},[143,37741,37742],{},"It receives one item at a time",[143,37744,37745,37746,2758,37748],{},"It should return ",[18,37747,573],{},[18,37749,3552],{},[830,37751,37752],{"id":3600},[18,37753,3600],{},[14,37755,37756],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37758,37759],{},"It can be:",[140,37761,37762,37765,37768,37771,37774],{},[143,37763,37764],{},"a list",[143,37766,37767],{},"a tuple",[143,37769,37770],{},"a string",[143,37772,37773],{},"a set",[143,37775,37776],{},"another iterable object",[14,37778,37779],{},"Example with a tuple:",[44,37781,37783],{"className":46,"code":37782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37784,37785,37810,37814,37842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37786,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37788,60],{"class":59},[53,37790,64],{"class":63},[53,37792,9103],{"class":67},[53,37794,539],{"class":71},[53,37796,75],{"class":67},[53,37798,37799],{"class":71}," 15",[53,37801,75],{"class":67},[53,37803,7658],{"class":71},[53,37805,75],{"class":67},[53,37807,9173],{"class":71},[53,37809,108],{"class":67},[53,37811,37812],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37813,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,37815,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37817,276],{"class":59},[53,37819,64],{"class":63},[53,37821,37517],{"class":114},[53,37823,102],{"class":67},[53,37825,37522],{"class":1945},[53,37827,37526],{"class":37525},[53,37829,597],{"class":67},[53,37831,3758],{"class":98},[53,37833,4973],{"class":63},[53,37835,7658],{"class":71},[53,37837,75],{"class":67},[53,37839,4138],{"class":98},[53,37841,108],{"class":67},[53,37843,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37845,115],{"class":114},[53,37847,102],{"class":67},[53,37849,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37851,102],{"class":67},[53,37853,323],{"class":98},[53,37855,1907],{"class":67},[14,37857,328],{},[44,37859,37861],{"className":46,"code":37860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 25]\n",[18,37862,37863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37864,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37866,338],{"class":67},[53,37868,15618],{"class":71},[53,37870,75],{"class":67},[53,37872,9173],{"class":71},[53,37874,86],{"class":67},[14,37876,37877,37878,95],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[183,37879,5011],{"href":5459},[39,37881,37883],{"id":37882},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37885,37886,37887,21840,37889,95],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,37888,37438],{},[23,37890,37891],{},"filter object",[14,37893,37894],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[140,37896,37897,37900,37905],{},[143,37898,37899],{},"loop through it",[143,37901,37902,37903],{},"convert it with ",[18,37904,24646],{},[143,37906,37902,37907],{},[18,37908,37909],{},"tuple()",[14,37911,235],{},[44,37913,37915],{"className":46,"code":37914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37916,37917,37959,37963,37973,37987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37918,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37920,276],{"class":59},[53,37922,64],{"class":63},[53,37924,37517],{"class":114},[53,37926,102],{"class":67},[53,37928,37522],{"class":1945},[53,37930,37526],{"class":37525},[53,37932,597],{"class":67},[53,37934,3758],{"class":98},[53,37936,4127],{"class":63},[53,37938,78],{"class":71},[53,37940,75],{"class":67},[53,37942,68],{"class":67},[53,37944,72],{"class":71},[53,37946,75],{"class":67},[53,37948,78],{"class":71},[53,37950,75],{"class":67},[53,37952,83],{"class":71},[53,37954,75],{"class":67},[53,37956,759],{"class":71},[53,37958,632],{"class":67},[53,37960,37961],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,37962,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,37964,37965,37967,37969,37971],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,37966,115],{"class":114},[53,37968,102],{"class":67},[53,37970,323],{"class":98},[53,37972,108],{"class":67},[53,37974,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,37976,115],{"class":114},[53,37978,102],{"class":67},[53,37980,3102],{"class":2782},[53,37982,102],{"class":67},[53,37984,323],{"class":98},[53,37986,1907],{"class":67},[53,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,37990,115],{"class":114},[53,37992,102],{"class":67},[53,37994,7961],{"class":2782},[53,37996,102],{"class":67},[53,37998,323],{"class":98},[53,38000,1907],{"class":67},[14,38002,328],{},[44,38004,38006],{"className":46,"code":38005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38007,38008,38022,38036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38009,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38011,3171],{"class":63},[53,38013,37464],{"class":114},[53,38015,24482],{"class":2782},[53,38017,37226],{"class":59},[53,38019,37233],{"class":34317},[53,38021,3183],{"class":63},[53,38023,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38025,3171],{"class":63},[53,38027,3174],{"class":1945},[53,38029,350],{"class":252},[53,38031,37464],{"class":256},[53,38033,341],{"class":252},[53,38035,3183],{"class":63},[53,38037,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38039,338],{"class":67},[53,38041,754],{"class":71},[53,38043,75],{"class":67},[53,38045,759],{"class":71},[53,38047,86],{"class":67},[14,38049,38050],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[830,38052,38054],{"id":38053},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38056,38057],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[44,38059,38061],{"className":46,"code":38060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38062,38063,38105,38109,38123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38064,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38066,276],{"class":59},[53,38068,64],{"class":63},[53,38070,37517],{"class":114},[53,38072,102],{"class":67},[53,38074,37522],{"class":1945},[53,38076,37526],{"class":37525},[53,38078,597],{"class":67},[53,38080,3758],{"class":98},[53,38082,4127],{"class":63},[53,38084,78],{"class":71},[53,38086,75],{"class":67},[53,38088,68],{"class":67},[53,38090,72],{"class":71},[53,38092,75],{"class":67},[53,38094,78],{"class":71},[53,38096,75],{"class":67},[53,38098,83],{"class":71},[53,38100,75],{"class":67},[53,38102,759],{"class":71},[53,38104,632],{"class":67},[53,38106,38107],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38108,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38110,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38112,115],{"class":114},[53,38114,102],{"class":67},[53,38116,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38118,102],{"class":67},[53,38120,323],{"class":98},[53,38122,1907],{"class":67},[53,38124,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38126,115],{"class":114},[53,38128,102],{"class":67},[53,38130,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38132,102],{"class":67},[53,38134,323],{"class":98},[53,38136,1907],{"class":67},[14,38138,328],{},[44,38140,38142],{"className":46,"code":38141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38143,38144,38156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38145,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38147,338],{"class":67},[53,38149,754],{"class":71},[53,38151,75],{"class":67},[53,38153,759],{"class":71},[53,38155,86],{"class":67},[53,38157,38158],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38159,38160],{"class":67},"[]\n",[14,38162,38163],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[39,38165,833,38167,8572,38169],{"id":38166},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38168,37438],{},[18,38170,37522],{},[14,38172,15052,38173,38175],{},[18,38174,37522],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38177,38178],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[44,38180,38182],{"className":46,"code":38181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38183,38184,38226,38230,38268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38185,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38222,38224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38187,3946],{"class":59},[53,38189,64],{"class":63},[53,38191,68],{"class":67},[53,38193,253],{"class":252},[53,38195,257],{"class":256},[53,38197,253],{"class":252},[53,38199,75],{"class":67},[53,38201,264],{"class":252},[53,38203,38204],{"class":256},"kiwi",[53,38206,253],{"class":252},[53,38208,75],{"class":67},[53,38210,264],{"class":252},[53,38212,267],{"class":256},[53,38214,253],{"class":252},[53,38216,75],{"class":67},[53,38218,264],{"class":252},[53,38220,38221],{"class":256},"fig",[53,38223,253],{"class":252},[53,38225,86],{"class":67},[53,38227,38228],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38229,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38231,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38245,38247,38250,38252,38255,38257,38260,38262,38264,38266],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38233,276],{"class":59},[53,38235,64],{"class":63},[53,38237,37517],{"class":114},[53,38239,102],{"class":67},[53,38241,37522],{"class":1945},[53,38243,38244],{"class":37525}," word",[53,38246,597],{"class":67},[53,38248,38249],{"class":114}," len",[53,38251,102],{"class":67},[53,38253,38254],{"class":98},"word",[53,38256,3539],{"class":67},[53,38258,38259],{"class":63}," >",[53,38261,759],{"class":71},[53,38263,75],{"class":67},[53,38265,6040],{"class":98},[53,38267,108],{"class":67},[53,38269,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38271,115],{"class":114},[53,38273,102],{"class":67},[53,38275,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38277,102],{"class":67},[53,38279,323],{"class":98},[53,38281,1907],{"class":67},[14,38283,328],{},[44,38285,38287],{"className":46,"code":38286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38288,38289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38290,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38292,338],{"class":67},[53,38294,341],{"class":252},[53,38296,257],{"class":256},[53,38298,341],{"class":252},[53,38300,75],{"class":67},[53,38302,350],{"class":252},[53,38304,267],{"class":256},[53,38306,341],{"class":252},[53,38308,86],{"class":67},[14,38310,38311],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38313,38314,38315,95],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[183,38316,38318],{"href":38317},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[39,38320,833,38322,38324],{"id":38321},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38323,37438],{}," with a named function",[14,38326,38327,38328,95],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38329,37522],{},[14,38331,38332],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[140,38334,38335,38338,38341],{},[143,38336,38337],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[143,38339,38340],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[143,38342,38343],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[44,38345,38347],{"className":46,"code":38346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38348,38349,38362,38377,38381,38413,38432,38436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38350,38351,38353,38356,38358,38360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38352,34715],{"class":1945},[53,38354,38355],{"class":34718}," is_even",[53,38357,102],{"class":67},[53,38359,2120],{"class":37525},[53,38361,1580],{"class":67},[53,38363,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38365,34726],{"class":1558},[53,38367,1562],{"class":59},[53,38369,6275],{"class":63},[53,38371,78],{"class":71},[53,38373,6280],{"class":63},[53,38375,38376],{"class":71}," 0\n",[53,38378,38379],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38380,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38382,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38384,60],{"class":59},[53,38386,64],{"class":63},[53,38388,68],{"class":67},[53,38390,72],{"class":71},[53,38392,75],{"class":67},[53,38394,78],{"class":71},[53,38396,75],{"class":67},[53,38398,83],{"class":71},[53,38400,75],{"class":67},[53,38402,759],{"class":71},[53,38404,75],{"class":67},[53,38406,1577],{"class":71},[53,38408,75],{"class":67},[53,38410,37506],{"class":71},[53,38412,86],{"class":67},[53,38414,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38426,38428,38430],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,38416,276],{"class":59},[53,38418,64],{"class":63},[53,38420,37517],{"class":114},[53,38422,102],{"class":67},[53,38424,38425],{"class":98},"is_even",[53,38427,75],{"class":67},[53,38429,4138],{"class":98},[53,38431,108],{"class":67},[53,38433,38434],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,38435,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38437,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,38439,115],{"class":114},[53,38441,102],{"class":67},[53,38443,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38445,102],{"class":67},[53,38447,323],{"class":98},[53,38449,1907],{"class":67},[14,38451,328],{},[44,38453,38455],{"className":46,"code":38454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38456,38457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38458,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38460,338],{"class":67},[53,38462,1937],{"class":71},[53,38464,75],{"class":67},[53,38466,759],{"class":71},[53,38468,75],{"class":67},[53,38470,37506],{"class":71},[53,38472,86],{"class":67},[14,38474,20635,38475,1129,38478,38480],{},[18,38476,38477],{},"is_even()",[18,38479,573],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[39,38482,833,38484,8572,38486],{"id":38483},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38485,232],{},[18,38487,37438],{},[14,38489,38490,38491,38493],{},"You can pass ",[18,38492,232],{}," as the first argument:",[44,38495,38497],{"className":46,"code":38496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38498,38499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38500,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38502,37464],{"class":114},[53,38504,102],{"class":67},[53,38506,232],{"class":369},[53,38508,75],{"class":67},[53,38510,37728],{"class":98},[53,38512,108],{"class":67},[14,38514,38515,38516,7209],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[23,38517,5469],{},[14,38519,38520],{},"Falsy values include:",[140,38522,38523,38527,38532,38536],{},[143,38524,38525],{},[18,38526,2000],{},[143,38528,38529,38531],{},[18,38530,3653],{}," (empty string)",[143,38533,38534],{},[18,38535,232],{},[143,38537,38538],{},[18,38539,3552],{},[14,38541,235],{},[44,38543,38545],{"className":46,"code":38544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38546,38547,38591,38595,38613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38548,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38550,516],{"class":59},[53,38552,64],{"class":63},[53,38554,68],{"class":67},[53,38556,2000],{"class":71},[53,38558,75],{"class":67},[53,38560,5371],{"class":71},[53,38562,75],{"class":67},[53,38564,5998],{"class":252},[53,38566,75],{"class":67},[53,38568,264],{"class":252},[53,38570,556],{"class":256},[53,38572,253],{"class":252},[53,38574,75],{"class":67},[53,38576,3731],{"class":369},[53,38578,75],{"class":67},[53,38580,674],{"class":369},[53,38582,75],{"class":67},[53,38584,3783],{"class":369},[53,38586,75],{"class":67},[53,38588,1577],{"class":71},[53,38590,86],{"class":67},[53,38592,38593],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38594,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38596,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38598,276],{"class":59},[53,38600,64],{"class":63},[53,38602,37517],{"class":114},[53,38604,102],{"class":67},[53,38606,232],{"class":369},[53,38608,75],{"class":67},[53,38610,1080],{"class":98},[53,38612,108],{"class":67},[53,38614,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38616,115],{"class":114},[53,38618,102],{"class":67},[53,38620,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38622,102],{"class":67},[53,38624,323],{"class":98},[53,38626,1907],{"class":67},[14,38628,328],{},[44,38630,38632],{"className":46,"code":38631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38633,38634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38635,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38637,338],{"class":67},[53,38639,72],{"class":71},[53,38641,75],{"class":67},[53,38643,350],{"class":252},[53,38645,556],{"class":256},[53,38647,341],{"class":252},[53,38649,75],{"class":67},[53,38651,674],{"class":369},[53,38653,75],{"class":67},[53,38655,1577],{"class":71},[53,38657,86],{"class":67},[14,38659,38660],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[39,38662,4835,38664],{"id":38663},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38665,37438],{},[14,38667,131,38668,38670],{},[18,38669,37438],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38672,38673],{},"It works well for:",[140,38675,38676,38679,38682],{},[143,38677,38678],{},"simple filtering rules",[143,38680,38681],{},"quick data cleaning",[143,38683,38684],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38686,235],{},[44,38688,38690],{"className":46,"code":38689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38691,38692,38724,38757,38761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38693,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38695,60],{"class":59},[53,38697,64],{"class":63},[53,38699,68],{"class":67},[53,38701,72],{"class":71},[53,38703,75],{"class":67},[53,38705,78],{"class":71},[53,38707,75],{"class":67},[53,38709,83],{"class":71},[53,38711,75],{"class":67},[53,38713,759],{"class":71},[53,38715,75],{"class":67},[53,38717,1577],{"class":71},[53,38719,75],{"class":67},[53,38721,37506],{"class":71},[53,38723,86],{"class":67},[53,38725,38726,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38727,38728],{"class":59},"evens ",[53,38730,64],{"class":63},[53,38732,37517],{"class":114},[53,38734,102],{"class":67},[53,38736,37522],{"class":1945},[53,38738,37526],{"class":37525},[53,38740,597],{"class":67},[53,38742,3758],{"class":98},[53,38744,6275],{"class":63},[53,38746,78],{"class":71},[53,38748,6280],{"class":63},[53,38750,3713],{"class":71},[53,38752,75],{"class":67},[53,38754,4138],{"class":98},[53,38756,108],{"class":67},[53,38758,38759],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38760,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38762,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38774],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38764,115],{"class":114},[53,38766,102],{"class":67},[53,38768,7961],{"class":2782},[53,38770,102],{"class":67},[53,38772,38773],{"class":98},"evens",[53,38775,1907],{"class":67},[14,38777,328],{},[44,38779,38780],{"className":46,"code":38454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,38781,38782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38785,338],{"class":67},[53,38787,1937],{"class":71},[53,38789,75],{"class":67},[53,38791,759],{"class":71},[53,38793,75],{"class":67},[53,38795,37506],{"class":71},[53,38797,86],{"class":67},[14,38799,38800,38801,38803],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,38802,1559],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[44,38805,38807],{"className":46,"code":38806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38808,38809,38841,38849,38853,38865,38881,38896,38900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38810,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38812,60],{"class":59},[53,38814,64],{"class":63},[53,38816,68],{"class":67},[53,38818,72],{"class":71},[53,38820,75],{"class":67},[53,38822,78],{"class":71},[53,38824,75],{"class":67},[53,38826,83],{"class":71},[53,38828,75],{"class":67},[53,38830,759],{"class":71},[53,38832,75],{"class":67},[53,38834,1577],{"class":71},[53,38836,75],{"class":67},[53,38838,37506],{"class":71},[53,38840,86],{"class":67},[53,38842,38843,38845,38847],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38844,38728],{"class":59},[53,38846,64],{"class":63},[53,38848,521],{"class":67},[53,38850,38851],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,38852,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38854,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,38856,1559],{"class":1558},[53,38858,1562],{"class":59},[53,38860,1565],{"class":1558},[53,38862,4138],{"class":59},[53,38864,6265],{"class":67},[53,38866,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,38868,6270],{"class":1558},[53,38870,1562],{"class":59},[53,38872,6275],{"class":63},[53,38874,78],{"class":71},[53,38876,6280],{"class":63},[53,38878,3713],{"class":71},[53,38880,6265],{"class":67},[53,38882,38883,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,38884,38885],{"class":59},"        evens",[53,38887,95],{"class":67},[53,38889,99],{"class":98},[53,38891,102],{"class":67},[53,38893,2120],{"class":98},[53,38895,108],{"class":67},[53,38897,38898],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,38899,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,38901,38902,38904,38906,38908],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,38903,115],{"class":114},[53,38905,102],{"class":67},[53,38907,38773],{"class":98},[53,38909,108],{"class":67},[14,38911,328],{},[44,38913,38914],{"className":46,"code":38454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,38915,38916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38917,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38919,338],{"class":67},[53,38921,1937],{"class":71},[53,38923,75],{"class":67},[53,38925,759],{"class":71},[53,38927,75],{"class":67},[53,38929,37506],{"class":71},[53,38931,86],{"class":67},[14,38933,38934],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[44,38936,38938],{"className":46,"code":38937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38939,38940,38972,39005,39009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38941,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38943,60],{"class":59},[53,38945,64],{"class":63},[53,38947,68],{"class":67},[53,38949,72],{"class":71},[53,38951,75],{"class":67},[53,38953,78],{"class":71},[53,38955,75],{"class":67},[53,38957,83],{"class":71},[53,38959,75],{"class":67},[53,38961,759],{"class":71},[53,38963,75],{"class":67},[53,38965,1577],{"class":71},[53,38967,75],{"class":67},[53,38969,37506],{"class":71},[53,38971,86],{"class":67},[53,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,38975,38728],{"class":59},[53,38977,64],{"class":63},[53,38979,68],{"class":67},[53,38981,1594],{"class":59},[53,38983,1559],{"class":1558},[53,38985,1562],{"class":59},[53,38987,1565],{"class":1558},[53,38989,38990],{"class":59}," numbers ",[53,38992,6867],{"class":1558},[53,38994,1562],{"class":59},[53,38996,6275],{"class":63},[53,38998,78],{"class":71},[53,39000,6280],{"class":63},[53,39002,3713],{"class":71},[53,39004,86],{"class":67},[53,39006,39007],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,39008,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,39010,39011,39013,39015,39017],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,39012,115],{"class":114},[53,39014,102],{"class":67},[53,39016,38773],{"class":98},[53,39018,108],{"class":67},[14,39020,328],{},[44,39022,39023],{"className":46,"code":38454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,39024,39025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39026,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39028,338],{"class":67},[53,39030,1937],{"class":71},[53,39032,75],{"class":67},[53,39034,759],{"class":71},[53,39036,75],{"class":67},[53,39038,37506],{"class":71},[53,39040,86],{"class":67},[14,39042,39043,39044,95],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[183,39045,39047],{"href":39046},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[39,39049,2709],{"id":2708},[14,39051,14596,39052,95],{},[18,39053,37438],{},[830,39055,8319,39057,39059],{"id":39056},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39058,37438],{}," to return a list",[14,39061,39062],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[44,39064,39066],{"className":46,"code":39065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39067,39068,39110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39069,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39071,276],{"class":59},[53,39073,64],{"class":63},[53,39075,37517],{"class":114},[53,39077,102],{"class":67},[53,39079,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39081,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39083,597],{"class":67},[53,39085,3758],{"class":98},[53,39087,4127],{"class":63},[53,39089,78],{"class":71},[53,39091,75],{"class":67},[53,39093,68],{"class":67},[53,39095,72],{"class":71},[53,39097,75],{"class":67},[53,39099,78],{"class":71},[53,39101,75],{"class":67},[53,39103,83],{"class":71},[53,39105,75],{"class":67},[53,39107,759],{"class":71},[53,39109,632],{"class":67},[53,39111,39112,39114,39116,39118],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39113,115],{"class":114},[53,39115,102],{"class":67},[53,39117,323],{"class":98},[53,39119,108],{"class":67},[14,39121,39122],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39124,39125],{},"Fix:",[44,39127,39129],{"className":46,"code":39128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39130,39131,39173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39132,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39134,276],{"class":59},[53,39136,64],{"class":63},[53,39138,37517],{"class":114},[53,39140,102],{"class":67},[53,39142,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39144,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39146,597],{"class":67},[53,39148,3758],{"class":98},[53,39150,4127],{"class":63},[53,39152,78],{"class":71},[53,39154,75],{"class":67},[53,39156,68],{"class":67},[53,39158,72],{"class":71},[53,39160,75],{"class":67},[53,39162,78],{"class":71},[53,39164,75],{"class":67},[53,39166,83],{"class":71},[53,39168,75],{"class":67},[53,39170,759],{"class":71},[53,39172,632],{"class":67},[53,39174,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39176,115],{"class":114},[53,39178,102],{"class":67},[53,39180,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39182,102],{"class":67},[53,39184,323],{"class":98},[53,39186,1907],{"class":67},[830,39188,39190,39191,2758,39193,39195],{"id":39189},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39192,573],{},[18,39194,3552],{}," clearly",[14,39197,39198],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39200,39201],{},"Good example:",[44,39203,39205],{"className":46,"code":39204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39206,39207,39220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39208,39209,39211,39214,39216,39218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39210,34715],{"class":1945},[53,39212,39213],{"class":34718}," is_positive",[53,39215,102],{"class":67},[53,39217,2120],{"class":37525},[53,39219,1580],{"class":67},[53,39221,39222,39224,39226,39228],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39223,34726],{"class":1558},[53,39225,1562],{"class":59},[53,39227,4127],{"class":63},[53,39229,38376],{"class":71},[14,39231,39232],{},"Then use it with:",[44,39234,39236],{"className":46,"code":39235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39237,39238,39270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39239,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39241,60],{"class":59},[53,39243,64],{"class":63},[53,39245,68],{"class":67},[53,39247,1901],{"class":63},[53,39249,1937],{"class":71},[53,39251,75],{"class":67},[53,39253,2103],{"class":63},[53,39255,72],{"class":71},[53,39257,75],{"class":67},[53,39259,3713],{"class":71},[53,39261,75],{"class":67},[53,39263,5371],{"class":71},[53,39265,75],{"class":67},[53,39267,78],{"class":71},[53,39269,86],{"class":67},[53,39271,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39287,39289,39291],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39273,115],{"class":114},[53,39275,102],{"class":67},[53,39277,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39279,102],{"class":67},[53,39281,37464],{"class":114},[53,39283,102],{"class":67},[53,39285,39286],{"class":98},"is_positive",[53,39288,75],{"class":67},[53,39290,4138],{"class":98},[53,39292,2793],{"class":67},[14,39294,328],{},[44,39296,39298],{"className":46,"code":39297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39299,39300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39301,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39303,338],{"class":67},[53,39305,72],{"class":71},[53,39307,75],{"class":67},[53,39309,78],{"class":71},[53,39311,86],{"class":67},[830,39313,39315],{"id":39314},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39317,39318],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[44,39320,39321],{"className":46,"code":38060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,39322,39323,39365,39369,39383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39324,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39326,276],{"class":59},[53,39328,64],{"class":63},[53,39330,37517],{"class":114},[53,39332,102],{"class":67},[53,39334,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39336,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39338,597],{"class":67},[53,39340,3758],{"class":98},[53,39342,4127],{"class":63},[53,39344,78],{"class":71},[53,39346,75],{"class":67},[53,39348,68],{"class":67},[53,39350,72],{"class":71},[53,39352,75],{"class":67},[53,39354,78],{"class":71},[53,39356,75],{"class":67},[53,39358,83],{"class":71},[53,39360,75],{"class":67},[53,39362,759],{"class":71},[53,39364,632],{"class":67},[53,39366,39367],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39368,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,39370,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,39372,115],{"class":114},[53,39374,102],{"class":67},[53,39376,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39378,102],{"class":67},[53,39380,323],{"class":98},[53,39382,1907],{"class":67},[53,39384,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,39386,115],{"class":114},[53,39388,102],{"class":67},[53,39390,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39392,102],{"class":67},[53,39394,323],{"class":98},[53,39396,1907],{"class":67},[14,39398,328],{},[44,39400,39401],{"className":46,"code":38141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,39402,39403,39415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39404,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39406,338],{"class":67},[53,39408,754],{"class":71},[53,39410,75],{"class":67},[53,39412,759],{"class":71},[53,39414,86],{"class":67},[53,39416,39417],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39418,38160],{"class":67},[14,39420,39421],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[44,39423,39425],{"className":46,"code":39424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39426,39427,39473,39477,39487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39428,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39430,276],{"class":59},[53,39432,64],{"class":63},[53,39434,22425],{"class":2782},[53,39436,102],{"class":67},[53,39438,37464],{"class":114},[53,39440,102],{"class":67},[53,39442,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39444,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39446,597],{"class":67},[53,39448,3758],{"class":98},[53,39450,4127],{"class":63},[53,39452,78],{"class":71},[53,39454,75],{"class":67},[53,39456,68],{"class":67},[53,39458,72],{"class":71},[53,39460,75],{"class":67},[53,39462,78],{"class":71},[53,39464,75],{"class":67},[53,39466,83],{"class":71},[53,39468,75],{"class":67},[53,39470,759],{"class":71},[53,39472,2879],{"class":67},[53,39474,39475],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39476,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,39478,39479,39481,39483,39485],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,39480,115],{"class":114},[53,39482,102],{"class":67},[53,39484,323],{"class":98},[53,39486,108],{"class":67},[53,39488,39489,39491,39493,39495],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,39490,115],{"class":114},[53,39492,102],{"class":67},[53,39494,323],{"class":98},[53,39496,108],{"class":67},[830,39498,39500],{"id":39499},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39502,39503],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39505,16508],{},[44,39507,39509],{"className":46,"code":39508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39510,39511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39512,39513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39514,39508],{"class":127},[14,39516,39517,39518,6421],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39519,539],{},[14,39521,16520],{},[44,39523,39525],{"className":46,"code":39524,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39526,39527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39528,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39530,115],{"class":114},[53,39532,102],{"class":67},[53,39534,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39536,102],{"class":67},[53,39538,37464],{"class":114},[53,39540,102],{"class":67},[53,39542,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39544,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39546,597],{"class":67},[53,39548,3758],{"class":98},[53,39550,4127],{"class":63},[53,39552,78],{"class":71},[53,39554,75],{"class":67},[53,39556,68],{"class":67},[53,39558,72],{"class":71},[53,39560,75],{"class":67},[53,39562,78],{"class":71},[53,39564,75],{"class":67},[53,39566,83],{"class":71},[53,39568,75],{"class":67},[53,39570,759],{"class":71},[53,39572,37127],{"class":67},[830,39574,37066,39576,8572,39578],{"id":39575},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39577,37438],{},[18,39579,39580],{},"map()",[140,39582,39583,39588],{},[143,39584,39585,39587],{},[18,39586,37438],{}," keeps or removes items",[143,39589,39590,39592],{},[18,39591,39580],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39594,39595,39596,597],{},"Example of ",[18,39597,37438],{},[44,39599,39601],{"className":46,"code":39600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39602,39603,39627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39604,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39606,60],{"class":59},[53,39608,64],{"class":63},[53,39610,68],{"class":67},[53,39612,72],{"class":71},[53,39614,75],{"class":67},[53,39616,78],{"class":71},[53,39618,75],{"class":67},[53,39620,83],{"class":71},[53,39622,75],{"class":67},[53,39624,759],{"class":71},[53,39626,86],{"class":67},[53,39628,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39630,115],{"class":114},[53,39632,102],{"class":67},[53,39634,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39636,102],{"class":67},[53,39638,37464],{"class":114},[53,39640,102],{"class":67},[53,39642,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39644,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39646,597],{"class":67},[53,39648,3758],{"class":98},[53,39650,4127],{"class":63},[53,39652,78],{"class":71},[53,39654,75],{"class":67},[53,39656,4138],{"class":98},[53,39658,2793],{"class":67},[14,39660,328],{},[44,39662,39664],{"className":46,"code":39663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39665,39666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39667,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39669,338],{"class":67},[53,39671,754],{"class":71},[53,39673,75],{"class":67},[53,39675,759],{"class":71},[53,39677,86],{"class":67},[14,39679,39595,39680,597],{},[18,39681,39580],{},[44,39683,39685],{"className":46,"code":39684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39686,39687,39711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39690,60],{"class":59},[53,39692,64],{"class":63},[53,39694,68],{"class":67},[53,39696,72],{"class":71},[53,39698,75],{"class":67},[53,39700,78],{"class":71},[53,39702,75],{"class":67},[53,39704,83],{"class":71},[53,39706,75],{"class":67},[53,39708,759],{"class":71},[53,39710,86],{"class":67},[53,39712,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39714,115],{"class":114},[53,39716,102],{"class":67},[53,39718,7961],{"class":2782},[53,39720,102],{"class":67},[53,39722,39723],{"class":114},"map",[53,39725,102],{"class":67},[53,39727,37522],{"class":1945},[53,39729,37526],{"class":37525},[53,39731,597],{"class":67},[53,39733,3758],{"class":98},[53,39735,1597],{"class":63},[53,39737,78],{"class":71},[53,39739,75],{"class":67},[53,39741,4138],{"class":98},[53,39743,2793],{"class":67},[14,39745,328],{},[44,39747,39749],{"className":46,"code":39748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39750,39751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39752,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39754,338],{"class":67},[53,39756,1937],{"class":71},[53,39758,75],{"class":67},[53,39760,759],{"class":71},[53,39762,75],{"class":67},[53,39764,37506],{"class":71},[53,39766,75],{"class":67},[53,39768,6232],{"class":71},[53,39770,86],{"class":67},[14,39772,39773,39774,95],{},"For the related function, see ",[183,39775,3457,39777,3390],{"href":39776},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39778,39580],{},[39,39780,1650],{"id":1649},[830,39782,12570,39784,39786],{"id":39783},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39785,37438],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39788,39789,39790,39792],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39791,24646],{}," if needed.",[830,39794,39796,39797,39799],{"id":39795},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39798,37438],{}," need to return?",[14,39801,37745,39802,39804,39805,39807],{},[18,39803,573],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,39806,3552],{}," to remove it.",[830,39809,28194,39811,39813],{"id":39810},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,39812,37438],{}," without lambda?",[14,39815,39816],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[830,39818,5017,39820,39823],{"id":39819},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,39821,39822],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39825,39826,39827,39829,39830,16937,39832,95],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,39828,2000],{},", empty strings, ",[18,39831,232],{},[18,39833,3552],{},[830,39835,21285,39837,39839],{"id":39836},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,39838,37438],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39841,39842,39843,39845],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,39844,1559],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39847,39848],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[140,39850,39851,39857,39863],{},[143,39852,39853,39854,39856],{},"use ",[18,39855,37438],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[143,39858,39859,39860,39862],{},"use a ",[18,39861,1559],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[143,39864,39865],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39867,39868,39869,95],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[183,39870,5007],{"href":39871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[39,39873,1782],{"id":1781},[140,39875,39876,39881,39885,39890,39896],{},[143,39877,39878],{},[183,39879,39880],{"href":38317},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[143,39882,39883],{},[183,39884,5097],{"href":39871},[143,39886,39887],{},[183,39888,39889],{"href":39046},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[143,39891,39892],{},[183,39893,3457,39894,3390],{"href":39776},[18,39895,39580],{},[143,39897,39898],{},[183,39899,5092],{"href":5459},[1810,39901,39902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":39904},[39905,39906,39908,39912,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39933,39945],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":37572,"depth":89,"text":39907},"What filter() does",{"id":37706,"depth":89,"text":37707,"children":39909},[39910,39911],{"id":37723,"depth":111,"text":37723},{"id":3600,"depth":111,"text":3600},{"id":37882,"depth":89,"text":37883,"children":39913},[39914],{"id":38053,"depth":111,"text":38054},{"id":38166,"depth":89,"text":39916},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38321,"depth":89,"text":39918},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38483,"depth":89,"text":39920},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38663,"depth":89,"text":39922},"When to use filter()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":39924},[39925,39927,39929,39930,39931],{"id":39056,"depth":111,"text":39926},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39189,"depth":111,"text":39928},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39314,"depth":111,"text":39315},{"id":39499,"depth":111,"text":39500},{"id":39575,"depth":111,"text":39932},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":39934},[39935,39937,39939,39941,39943],{"id":39783,"depth":111,"text":39936},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39795,"depth":111,"text":39938},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39810,"depth":111,"text":39940},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39819,"depth":111,"text":39942},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39836,"depth":111,"text":39944},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37430,"description":39946},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39953,"title":39954,"body":39955,"description":42106,"extension":1841,"meta":42107,"navigation":301,"path":42108,"seo":42109,"stem":42110,"__hash__":42111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39956,"toc":42060},[39957,39960,39965,39971,39973,40025,40027,40046,40051,40055,40060,40063,40078,40081,40103,40105,40154,40156,40180,40182,40184,40199,40204,40212,40227,40229,40238,40241,40276,40280,40285,40289,40296,40331,40333,40349,40353,40356,40397,40399,40413,40417,40420,40444,40446,40455,40458,40461,40494,40496,40509,40513,40519,40538,40540,40548,40552,40557,40561,40567,40590,40592,40621,40624,40643,40647,40650,40677,40679,40713,40717,40720,40744,40748,40759,40761,40766,40772,40774,40858,40860,40902,40905,40909,40916,40925,40981,40988,40997,41002,41006,41077,41079,41088,41092,41095,41139,41141,41150,41154,41160,41210,41214,41219,41223,41247,41249,41258,41262,41286,41288,41299,41303,41327,41329,41338,41341,41358,41364,41368,41374,41377,41382,41385,41406,41408,41440,41443,41448,41450,41461,41463,41507,41511,41518,41570,41572,41581,41585,41588,41681,41684,41708,41712,41715,41807,41812,41816,41823,41828,41852,41854,41863,41868,41891,41893,41901,41908,41931,41939,41941,41954,41964,41966,41970,41977,41981,41990,41994,42001,42005,42009,42013,42025,42027,42057],[10,39958,39954],{"id":39959},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39961,8991,39962,39964],{},[18,39963,2764],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39966,39967,39968,39970],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,39969,2764],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[39,39972,1882],{"id":1881},[44,39974,39976],{"className":46,"code":39975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,39977,39978,39992,40011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39979,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39981,115],{"class":114},[53,39983,102],{"class":67},[53,39985,2075],{"class":2782},[53,39987,102],{"class":67},[53,39989,2017],{"class":71},[53,39991,1907],{"class":67},[53,39993,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40007,40009],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,39995,115],{"class":114},[53,39997,102],{"class":67},[53,39999,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40001,102],{"class":67},[53,40003,253],{"class":252},[53,40005,40006],{"class":256},"3.14",[53,40008,253],{"class":252},[53,40010,1907],{"class":67},[53,40012,40013,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40014,115],{"class":114},[53,40016,102],{"class":67},[53,40018,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40020,102],{"class":67},[53,40022,573],{"class":369},[53,40024,1907],{"class":67},[14,40026,328],{},[44,40028,40030],{"className":46,"code":40029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40031,40032,40036,40041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40033,40034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40035,2357],{"class":71},[53,40037,40038],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40039,40040],{"class":71},"3.14\n",[53,40042,40043],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40044,40045],{"class":71},"1.0\n",[14,40047,131,40048,40050],{},[18,40049,2764],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[39,40052,40054],{"id":40053},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40056,40057,40059],{},[18,40058,2764],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40061,40062],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[140,40064,40065,40069,40073],{},[143,40066,40067],{},[18,40068,2369],{},[143,40070,40071],{},[18,40072,40006],{},[143,40074,40075],{},[18,40076,40077],{},"0.5",[14,40079,40080],{},"A few key points:",[140,40082,40083,40090,40093,40096],{},[143,40084,40085,40087,40088],{},[18,40086,2764],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40089,2075],{},[143,40091,40092],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[143,40094,40095],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[143,40097,40098,40099],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[183,40100,40101],{"href":8087},[18,40102,2839],{},[14,40104,235],{},[44,40106,40108],{"className":46,"code":40107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40109,40110,40130,40140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40111,40112,40114,40116,40119,40121,40123,40126,40128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40113,1594],{"class":59},[53,40115,64],{"class":63},[53,40117,40118],{"class":2782}," float",[53,40120,102],{"class":67},[53,40122,253],{"class":252},[53,40124,40125],{"class":256},"2.75",[53,40127,253],{"class":252},[53,40129,108],{"class":67},[53,40131,40132,40134,40136,40138],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40133,115],{"class":114},[53,40135,102],{"class":67},[53,40137,2120],{"class":98},[53,40139,108],{"class":67},[53,40141,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40143,115],{"class":114},[53,40145,102],{"class":67},[53,40147,3102],{"class":2782},[53,40149,102],{"class":67},[53,40151,2120],{"class":98},[53,40153,1907],{"class":67},[14,40155,328],{},[44,40157,40159],{"className":46,"code":40158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40160,40161,40166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40162,40163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40164,40165],{"class":71},"2.75\n",[53,40167,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40169,3171],{"class":63},[53,40171,3174],{"class":1945},[53,40173,350],{"class":252},[53,40175,2075],{"class":256},[53,40177,341],{"class":252},[53,40179,3183],{"class":63},[39,40181,2039],{"id":2038},[14,40183,7088],{},[44,40185,40187],{"className":46,"code":40186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"float(value)\n",[18,40188,40189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40190,40191,40193,40195,40197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40192,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40194,102],{"class":67},[53,40196,2350],{"class":98},[53,40198,108],{"class":67},[14,40200,40201,40202,95],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40203,2764],{},[14,40205,40206,40207,40209,40210,597],{},"If you call ",[18,40208,2764],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40211,3648],{},[44,40213,40215],{"className":46,"code":40214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float())\n",[18,40216,40217],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40218,40219,40221,40223,40225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40220,115],{"class":114},[53,40222,102],{"class":67},[53,40224,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40226,7064],{"class":67},[14,40228,328],{},[44,40230,40232],{"className":46,"code":40231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0.0\n",[18,40233,40234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40235,40236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40237,40231],{"class":71},[14,40239,40240],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[44,40242,40244],{"className":46,"code":40243,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40245,40246,40266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40247,40248,40251,40253,40255,40257,40259,40262,40264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40249,40250],{"class":59},"price ",[53,40252,64],{"class":63},[53,40254,40118],{"class":2782},[53,40256,102],{"class":67},[53,40258,253],{"class":252},[53,40260,40261],{"class":256},"19.99",[53,40263,253],{"class":252},[53,40265,108],{"class":67},[53,40267,40268,40270,40272,40274],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40269,115],{"class":114},[53,40271,102],{"class":67},[53,40273,25015],{"class":98},[53,40275,108],{"class":67},[39,40277,40279],{"id":40278},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40281,40282,40284],{},[18,40283,2764],{}," can convert several common value types.",[830,40286,40288],{"id":40287},"integers","Integers",[14,40290,40291,40292,40295],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40293,40294],{},".0"," added:",[44,40297,40299],{"className":46,"code":40298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40300,40301,40315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40302,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40304,115],{"class":114},[53,40306,102],{"class":67},[53,40308,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40310,102],{"class":67},[53,40312,2017],{"class":71},[53,40314,1907],{"class":67},[53,40316,40317,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40318,115],{"class":114},[53,40320,102],{"class":67},[53,40322,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40324,102],{"class":67},[53,40326,1901],{"class":63},[53,40328,1937],{"class":71},[53,40330,1907],{"class":67},[14,40332,328],{},[44,40334,40336],{"className":46,"code":40335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40337,40338,40342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40339,40340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40341,2357],{"class":71},[53,40343,40344,40346],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40345,1901],{"class":63},[53,40347,40348],{"class":71},"2.0\n",[830,40350,40352],{"id":40351},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40354,40355],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[44,40357,40359],{"className":46,"code":40358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40360,40361,40379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373,40375,40377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40364,115],{"class":114},[53,40366,102],{"class":67},[53,40368,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40370,102],{"class":67},[53,40372,253],{"class":252},[53,40374,40006],{"class":256},[53,40376,253],{"class":252},[53,40378,1907],{"class":67},[53,40380,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40382,115],{"class":114},[53,40384,102],{"class":67},[53,40386,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40388,102],{"class":67},[53,40390,253],{"class":252},[53,40392,539],{"class":256},[53,40394,253],{"class":252},[53,40396,1907],{"class":67},[14,40398,328],{},[44,40400,40402],{"className":46,"code":40401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40403,40404,40408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40405,40406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40407,40040],{"class":71},[53,40409,40410],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40411,40412],{"class":71},"10.0\n",[830,40414,40416],{"id":40415},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40418,40419],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[44,40421,40423],{"className":46,"code":40422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40424,40425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40426,40427,40429,40431,40433,40435,40437,40440,40442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40428,115],{"class":114},[53,40430,102],{"class":67},[53,40432,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40434,102],{"class":67},[53,40436,253],{"class":252},[53,40438,40439],{"class":256},"  8.5  ",[53,40441,253],{"class":252},[53,40443,1907],{"class":67},[14,40445,328],{},[44,40447,40449],{"className":46,"code":40448,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8.5\n",[18,40450,40451],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40452,40453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40454,40448],{"class":71},[830,40456,40457],{"id":169},"Booleans",[14,40459,40460],{},"Boolean values also work:",[44,40462,40464],{"className":46,"code":40463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40465,40466,40480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40467,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476,40478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40469,115],{"class":114},[53,40471,102],{"class":67},[53,40473,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40475,102],{"class":67},[53,40477,573],{"class":369},[53,40479,1907],{"class":67},[53,40481,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40483,115],{"class":114},[53,40485,102],{"class":67},[53,40487,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40489,102],{"class":67},[53,40491,3552],{"class":369},[53,40493,1907],{"class":67},[14,40495,328],{},[44,40497,40499],{"className":46,"code":40498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40500,40501,40505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40502,40503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40504,40045],{"class":71},[53,40506,40507],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40508,40231],{"class":71},[830,40510,40512],{"id":40511},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40514,40515,40516,40518],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40517,2764],{}," returns a float version of it:",[44,40520,40522],{"className":46,"code":40521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40523,40524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40525,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40527,115],{"class":114},[53,40529,102],{"class":67},[53,40531,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40533,102],{"class":67},[53,40535,2241],{"class":71},[53,40537,1907],{"class":67},[14,40539,328],{},[44,40541,40542],{"className":46,"code":2265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,40543,40544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40545,40546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40547,2265],{"class":71},[39,40549,40551],{"id":40550},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40553,40554,40555,95],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40556,2764],{},[830,40558,40560],{"id":40559},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40562,40563,40564,597],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40565,40566],{},"ValueError",[44,40568,40570],{"className":46,"code":40569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40571,40572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40573,40574,40576,40578,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40575,115],{"class":114},[53,40577,102],{"class":67},[53,40579,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40581,102],{"class":67},[53,40583,253],{"class":252},[53,40585,556],{"class":256},[53,40587,253],{"class":252},[53,40589,1907],{"class":67},[14,40591,29547],{},[44,40593,40595],{"className":46,"code":40594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40596,40597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40598,40599,40601,40603,40606,40608,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40600,40566],{"class":2782},[53,40602,597],{"class":67},[53,40604,40605],{"class":59}," could ",[53,40607,36],{"class":63},[53,40609,40610],{"class":59}," convert string to ",[53,40612,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40614,597],{"class":67},[53,40616,350],{"class":252},[53,40618,556],{"class":256},[53,40620,29566],{"class":252},[14,40622,40623],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[44,40625,40627],{"className":46,"code":40626,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40628,40629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40630,40631,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40632,115],{"class":114},[53,40634,102],{"class":67},[53,40636,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40638,102],{"class":67},[53,40640,6144],{"class":252},[53,40642,1907],{"class":67},[830,40644,40646],{"id":40645},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40648,40649],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[44,40651,40653],{"className":46,"code":40652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40654,40655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40656,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40658,115],{"class":114},[53,40660,102],{"class":67},[53,40662,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40664,619],{"class":67},[53,40666,72],{"class":71},[53,40668,75],{"class":67},[53,40670,78],{"class":71},[53,40672,75],{"class":67},[53,40674,83],{"class":71},[53,40676,2879],{"class":67},[14,40678,29547],{},[44,40680,40682],{"className":46,"code":40681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40683,40684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40685,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694,40697,40700,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40687,2885],{"class":2782},[53,40689,597],{"class":67},[53,40691,40118],{"class":2782},[53,40693,7235],{"class":67},[53,40695,40696],{"class":59}," argument must be a string ",[53,40698,40699],{"class":63},"or",[53,40701,40702],{"class":59}," a real number",[53,40704,75],{"class":67},[53,40706,7967],{"class":63},[53,40708,350],{"class":252},[53,40710,7961],{"class":256},[53,40712,29566],{"class":252},[830,40714,40716],{"id":40715},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40718,40719],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[44,40721,40723],{"className":46,"code":40722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40724,40725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40726,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40740,40742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40728,115],{"class":114},[53,40730,102],{"class":67},[53,40732,2075],{"class":2782},[53,40734,102],{"class":67},[53,40736,253],{"class":252},[53,40738,40739],{"class":256},"3,14",[53,40741,253],{"class":252},[53,40743,1907],{"class":67},[14,40745,2882,40746,95],{},[18,40747,40566],{},[14,40749,40750,40751,4269,40755,95],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[183,40752,40754],{"href":40753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[183,40756,40758],{"href":40757},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[39,40760,17284],{"id":17283},[14,40762,40763,40765],{},[18,40764,2764],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40767,40768,40769,40771],{},"It does ",[23,40770,36],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40773,235],{},[44,40775,40777],{"className":46,"code":40776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40778,40779,40792,40806,40810,40820,40830,40844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40780,40781,40783,40785,40787,40790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40782,34551],{"class":59},[53,40784,64],{"class":63},[53,40786,264],{"class":252},[53,40788,40789],{"class":256},"6.5",[53,40791,3239],{"class":252},[53,40793,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40795,1594],{"class":59},[53,40797,64],{"class":63},[53,40799,40118],{"class":2782},[53,40801,102],{"class":67},[53,40803,34572],{"class":98},[53,40805,108],{"class":67},[53,40807,40808],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40809,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,40811,40812,40814,40816,40818],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,40813,115],{"class":114},[53,40815,102],{"class":67},[53,40817,34572],{"class":98},[53,40819,108],{"class":67},[53,40821,40822,40824,40826,40828],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,40823,115],{"class":114},[53,40825,102],{"class":67},[53,40827,2120],{"class":98},[53,40829,108],{"class":67},[53,40831,40832,40834,40836,40838,40840,40842],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,40833,115],{"class":114},[53,40835,102],{"class":67},[53,40837,3102],{"class":2782},[53,40839,102],{"class":67},[53,40841,34572],{"class":98},[53,40843,1907],{"class":67},[53,40845,40846,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,40847,115],{"class":114},[53,40849,102],{"class":67},[53,40851,3102],{"class":2782},[53,40853,102],{"class":67},[53,40855,2120],{"class":98},[53,40857,1907],{"class":67},[14,40859,328],{},[44,40861,40863],{"className":46,"code":40862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40864,40865,40870,40874,40888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40866,40867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40868,40869],{"class":71},"6.5\n",[53,40871,40872],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40873,40869],{"class":71},[53,40875,40876,40878,40880,40882,40884,40886],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40877,3171],{"class":63},[53,40879,3174],{"class":1945},[53,40881,350],{"class":252},[53,40883,3324],{"class":256},[53,40885,341],{"class":252},[53,40887,3183],{"class":63},[53,40889,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898,40900],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,40891,3171],{"class":63},[53,40893,3174],{"class":1945},[53,40895,350],{"class":252},[53,40897,2075],{"class":256},[53,40899,341],{"class":252},[53,40901,3183],{"class":63},[14,40903,40904],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[39,40906,40908],{"id":40907},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[830,40910,40912,40913,40915],{"id":40911},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,40914,2839],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40917,16,40918,40922,40923,95],{},[183,40919,40920,2182],{"href":8087},[18,40921,2839],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,40924,2764],{},[44,40926,40928],{"className":46,"code":40927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,40929,40930,40949,40963,40967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40945,40947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40933,8105],{"class":59},[53,40935,64],{"class":63},[53,40937,8110],{"class":114},[53,40939,102],{"class":67},[53,40941,253],{"class":252},[53,40943,40944],{"class":256},"Enter a price: ",[53,40946,253],{"class":252},[53,40948,108],{"class":67},[53,40950,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,40952,40250],{"class":59},[53,40954,64],{"class":63},[53,40956,40118],{"class":2782},[53,40958,102],{"class":67},[53,40960,8134],{"class":98},[53,40962,108],{"class":67},[53,40964,40965],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,40966,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,40968,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977,40979],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,40970,115],{"class":114},[53,40972,102],{"class":67},[53,40974,40250],{"class":98},[53,40976,1597],{"class":63},[53,40978,78],{"class":71},[53,40980,108],{"class":67},[14,40982,40983,40984,40987],{},"If the user enters ",[18,40985,40986],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[44,40989,40991],{"className":46,"code":40990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"9.0\n",[18,40992,40993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40994,40995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40996,40990],{"class":71},[14,40998,40999,41000,95],{},"For more help with this, see ",[183,41001,8849],{"href":8848},[830,41003,41005],{"id":41004},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[44,41007,41009],{"className":46,"code":41008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41010,41011,41024,41037,41041,41066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41012,41013,41015,41017,41019,41022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41014,2432],{"class":59},[53,41016,64],{"class":63},[53,41018,264],{"class":252},[53,41020,41021],{"class":256},"2.5",[53,41023,3239],{"class":252},[53,41025,41026,41028,41030,41032,41035],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41027,2460],{"class":59},[53,41029,64],{"class":63},[53,41031,264],{"class":252},[53,41033,41034],{"class":256},"1.5",[53,41036,3239],{"class":252},[53,41038,41039],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41040,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41042,41043,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41056,41058,41060,41062,41064],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41044,41045],{"class":59},"total ",[53,41047,64],{"class":63},[53,41049,40118],{"class":2782},[53,41051,102],{"class":67},[53,41053,183],{"class":98},[53,41055,3539],{"class":67},[53,41057,2332],{"class":63},[53,41059,40118],{"class":2782},[53,41061,102],{"class":67},[53,41063,1453],{"class":98},[53,41065,108],{"class":67},[53,41067,41068,41070,41072,41075],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,41069,115],{"class":114},[53,41071,102],{"class":67},[53,41073,41074],{"class":98},"total",[53,41076,108],{"class":67},[14,41078,328],{},[44,41080,41082],{"className":46,"code":41081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.0\n",[18,41083,41084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41085,41086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41087,41081],{"class":71},[830,41089,41091],{"id":41090},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41093,41094],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[44,41096,41098],{"className":46,"code":41097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41099,41100,41110,41125,41129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41101,41102,41105,41107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41103,41104],{"class":59},"count ",[53,41106,64],{"class":63},[53,41108,41109],{"class":71}," 7\n",[53,41111,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120,41123],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41113,276],{"class":59},[53,41115,64],{"class":63},[53,41117,40118],{"class":2782},[53,41119,102],{"class":67},[53,41121,41122],{"class":98},"count",[53,41124,108],{"class":67},[53,41126,41127],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41128,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41130,41131,41133,41135,41137],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41132,115],{"class":114},[53,41134,102],{"class":67},[53,41136,323],{"class":98},[53,41138,108],{"class":67},[14,41140,328],{},[44,41142,41144],{"className":46,"code":41143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.0\n",[18,41145,41146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41147,41148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41149,41143],{"class":71},[830,41151,41153],{"id":41152},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41155,41156,41157,41159],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41158,2764],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[44,41161,41163],{"className":46,"code":41162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41164,41165,41179,41195,41199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41166,41167,41170,41172,41174,41177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41168,41169],{"class":59},"temperature_text ",[53,41171,64],{"class":63},[53,41173,264],{"class":252},[53,41175,41176],{"class":256},"21.8",[53,41178,3239],{"class":252},[53,41180,41181,41184,41186,41188,41190,41193],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41182,41183],{"class":59},"temperature ",[53,41185,64],{"class":63},[53,41187,40118],{"class":2782},[53,41189,102],{"class":67},[53,41191,41192],{"class":98},"temperature_text",[53,41194,108],{"class":67},[53,41196,41197],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41198,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41200,41201,41203,41205,41208],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41202,115],{"class":114},[53,41204,102],{"class":67},[53,41206,41207],{"class":98},"temperature",[53,41209,108],{"class":67},[39,41211,41213],{"id":41212},"special-values","Special values",[14,41215,41216,41218],{},[18,41217,2764],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[830,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[44,41224,41226],{"className":46,"code":41225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41227,41228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41229,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41240,41243,41245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41231,115],{"class":114},[53,41233,102],{"class":67},[53,41235,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41237,102],{"class":67},[53,41239,253],{"class":252},[53,41241,41242],{"class":256},"inf",[53,41244,253],{"class":252},[53,41246,1907],{"class":67},[14,41248,328],{},[44,41250,41252],{"className":46,"code":41251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"inf\n",[18,41253,41254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41255,41256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41257,41251],{"class":59},[830,41259,41261],{"id":41260},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[44,41263,41265],{"className":46,"code":41264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41266,41267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41268,41269,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279,41282,41284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41270,115],{"class":114},[53,41272,102],{"class":67},[53,41274,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41276,102],{"class":67},[53,41278,253],{"class":252},[53,41280,41281],{"class":256},"-inf",[53,41283,253],{"class":252},[53,41285,1907],{"class":67},[14,41287,328],{},[44,41289,41291],{"className":46,"code":41290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-inf\n",[18,41292,41293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41294,41295,41297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41296,1901],{"class":63},[53,41298,41251],{"class":59},[830,41300,41302],{"id":41301},"not-a-number","Not a number",[44,41304,41306],{"className":46,"code":41305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41307,41308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41309,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318,41320,41323,41325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41311,115],{"class":114},[53,41313,102],{"class":67},[53,41315,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41317,102],{"class":67},[53,41319,253],{"class":252},[53,41321,41322],{"class":256},"nan",[53,41324,253],{"class":252},[53,41326,1907],{"class":67},[14,41328,328],{},[44,41330,41332],{"className":46,"code":41331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nan\n",[18,41333,41334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41335,41336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41337,41331],{"class":59},[14,41339,41340],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[140,41342,41343,41348,41353],{},[143,41344,41345,41347],{},[18,41346,41242],{}," means positive infinity",[143,41349,41350,41352],{},[18,41351,41281],{}," means negative infinity",[143,41354,41355,41357],{},[18,41356,41322],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41359,41360,41361,41363],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41362,2764],{}," accepts them.",[39,41365,41367],{"id":41366},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41369,41370,41371,41373],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41372,2764],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[830,41375,40566],{"id":41376},"valueerror",[14,41378,15052,41379,41381],{},[18,41380,40566],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41383,41384],{},"Common causes:",[140,41386,41387,41393,41396,41399],{},[143,41388,41389,41390],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41391,41392],{},"\"abc\"",[143,41394,41395],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[143,41397,41398],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[143,41400,4578,41401],{},[183,41402,41403,41405],{"href":8087},[18,41404,2839],{}," returns a string",[14,41407,235],{},[44,41409,41411],{"className":46,"code":41410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41412,41413,41426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41414,41415,41417,41419,41421,41424],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41416,2325],{"class":59},[53,41418,64],{"class":63},[53,41420,264],{"class":252},[53,41422,41423],{"class":256},"abc",[53,41425,3239],{"class":252},[53,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41429,115],{"class":114},[53,41431,102],{"class":67},[53,41433,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41435,102],{"class":67},[53,41437,2350],{"class":98},[53,41439,1907],{"class":67},[830,41441,2885],{"id":41442},"typeerror",[14,41444,15052,41445,41447],{},[18,41446,2885],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41449,41384],{},[140,41451,41452,41455,41458],{},[143,41453,41454],{},"Passing a list",[143,41456,41457],{},"Passing a dictionary",[143,41459,41460],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41462,235],{},[44,41464,41466],{"className":46,"code":41465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41467,41468,41493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41469,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41489,41491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41471,2325],{"class":59},[53,41473,64],{"class":63},[53,41475,679],{"class":67},[53,41477,253],{"class":252},[53,41479,25015],{"class":256},[53,41481,253],{"class":252},[53,41483,597],{"class":67},[53,41485,264],{"class":252},[53,41487,41488],{"class":256},"9.99",[53,41490,253],{"class":252},[53,41492,9176],{"class":67},[53,41494,41495,41497,41499,41501,41503,41505],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41496,115],{"class":114},[53,41498,102],{"class":67},[53,41500,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41502,102],{"class":67},[53,41504,2350],{"class":98},[53,41506,1907],{"class":67},[830,41508,41510],{"id":41509},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41512,41513,41514,41517],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41515,41516],{},"strip()"," can help:",[44,41519,41521],{"className":46,"code":41520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41522,41523,41536,41551,41555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41524,41525,41527,41529,41531,41534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41526,2325],{"class":59},[53,41528,64],{"class":63},[53,41530,264],{"class":252},[53,41532,41533],{"class":256},"  7.25  ",[53,41535,3239],{"class":252},[53,41537,41538,41541,41543,41545,41547,41549],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41539,41540],{"class":59},"clean_value ",[53,41542,64],{"class":63},[53,41544,8299],{"class":59},[53,41546,95],{"class":67},[53,41548,8501],{"class":98},[53,41550,8510],{"class":67},[53,41552,41553],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41554,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41556,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41568],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41558,115],{"class":114},[53,41560,102],{"class":67},[53,41562,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41564,102],{"class":67},[53,41566,41567],{"class":98},"clean_value",[53,41569,1907],{"class":67},[14,41571,328],{},[44,41573,41575],{"className":46,"code":41574,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.25\n",[18,41576,41577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41578,41579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41580,41574],{"class":71},[830,41582,41584],{"id":41583},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41586,41587],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[44,41589,41591],{"className":46,"code":41590,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41592,41593,41606,41610,41620,41634,41649,41653,41667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41596,2325],{"class":59},[53,41598,64],{"class":63},[53,41600,264],{"class":252},[53,41602,41603],{"class":256}," 3.5 ",[53,41605,3239],{"class":252},[53,41607,41608],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41609,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41613,115],{"class":114},[53,41615,102],{"class":67},[53,41617,2350],{"class":98},[53,41619,108],{"class":67},[53,41621,41622,41624,41626,41628,41630,41632],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41623,115],{"class":114},[53,41625,102],{"class":67},[53,41627,3102],{"class":2782},[53,41629,102],{"class":67},[53,41631,2350],{"class":98},[53,41633,1907],{"class":67},[53,41635,41636,41638,41640,41643,41645,41647],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,41637,115],{"class":114},[53,41639,102],{"class":67},[53,41641,41642],{"class":114},"repr",[53,41644,102],{"class":67},[53,41646,2350],{"class":98},[53,41648,1907],{"class":67},[53,41650,41651],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,41652,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41654,41655,41657,41659,41661,41663,41665],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,41656,41540],{"class":59},[53,41658,64],{"class":63},[53,41660,8299],{"class":59},[53,41662,95],{"class":67},[53,41664,8501],{"class":98},[53,41666,8510],{"class":67},[53,41668,41669,41671,41673,41675,41677,41679],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,41670,115],{"class":114},[53,41672,102],{"class":67},[53,41674,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41676,102],{"class":67},[53,41678,41567],{"class":98},[53,41680,1907],{"class":67},[14,41682,41683],{},"Why this helps:",[140,41685,41686,41692,41697,41703],{},[143,41687,41688,41691],{},[18,41689,41690],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[143,41693,41694,21232],{},[18,41695,41696],{},"print(type(value))",[143,41698,41699,41702],{},[18,41700,41701],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[143,41704,41705,41707],{},[18,41706,41516],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[830,41709,41711],{"id":41710},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41713,41714],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[44,41716,41718],{"className":46,"code":41717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41719,41720,41739,41743,41749,41764,41783,41792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41721,41722,41724,41726,41728,41730,41732,41735,41737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41723,2325],{"class":59},[53,41725,64],{"class":63},[53,41727,8110],{"class":114},[53,41729,102],{"class":67},[53,41731,253],{"class":252},[53,41733,41734],{"class":256},"Enter a number: ",[53,41736,253],{"class":252},[53,41738,108],{"class":67},[53,41740,41741],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,41742,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,41744,41745,41747],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,41746,29670],{"class":1558},[53,41748,6265],{"class":67},[53,41750,41751,41754,41756,41758,41760,41762],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,41752,41753],{"class":59},"    number ",[53,41755,64],{"class":63},[53,41757,40118],{"class":2782},[53,41759,102],{"class":67},[53,41761,2350],{"class":98},[53,41763,108],{"class":67},[53,41765,41766,41768,41770,41772,41775,41777,41779,41781],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,41767,7936],{"class":114},[53,41769,102],{"class":67},[53,41771,253],{"class":252},[53,41773,41774],{"class":256},"Converted:",[53,41776,253],{"class":252},[53,41778,75],{"class":67},[53,41780,1600],{"class":98},[53,41782,108],{"class":67},[53,41784,41785,41787,41790],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,41786,29701],{"class":1558},[53,41788,41789],{"class":2782}," ValueError",[53,41791,6265],{"class":67},[53,41793,41794,41796,41798,41800,41803,41805],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,41795,7936],{"class":114},[53,41797,102],{"class":67},[53,41799,253],{"class":252},[53,41801,41802],{"class":256},"That is not a valid number.",[53,41804,253],{"class":252},[53,41806,108],{"class":67},[14,41808,41809,41810,95],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[183,41811,40758],{"href":40757},[39,41813,41815],{"id":41814},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41817,10457,41818,4269,41820,41822],{},[18,41819,2764],{},[18,41821,2757],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41824,41825,41827],{},[18,41826,2764],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[44,41829,41831],{"className":46,"code":41830,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41832,41833],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41834,41835,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845,41848,41850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41836,115],{"class":114},[53,41838,102],{"class":67},[53,41840,2075],{"class":2782},[53,41842,102],{"class":67},[53,41844,253],{"class":252},[53,41846,41847],{"class":256},"3.9",[53,41849,253],{"class":252},[53,41851,1907],{"class":67},[14,41853,328],{},[44,41855,41857],{"className":46,"code":41856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.9\n",[18,41858,41859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41860,41861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41862,41856],{"class":71},[14,41864,41865,41867],{},[18,41866,2757],{}," creates whole numbers:",[44,41869,41871],{"className":46,"code":41870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,41872,41873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41874,41875,41877,41879,41881,41883,41885,41887,41889],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41876,115],{"class":114},[53,41878,102],{"class":67},[53,41880,2071],{"class":2782},[53,41882,102],{"class":67},[53,41884,253],{"class":252},[53,41886,539],{"class":256},[53,41888,253],{"class":252},[53,41890,1907],{"class":67},[14,41892,328],{},[44,41894,41895],{"className":46,"code":2255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,41896,41897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41898,41899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41900,2255],{"class":71},[14,41902,41903,41904,41907],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,41905,41906],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[44,41909,41911],{"className":46,"code":41910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41912,41913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41914,41915,41917,41919,41921,41923,41925,41927,41929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41916,115],{"class":114},[53,41918,102],{"class":67},[53,41920,2071],{"class":2782},[53,41922,102],{"class":67},[53,41924,253],{"class":252},[53,41926,41847],{"class":256},[53,41928,253],{"class":252},[53,41930,1907],{"class":67},[14,41932,2882,41933,8468,41935,41938],{},[18,41934,40566],{},[18,41936,41937],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41940,10580],{},[140,41942,41943,41949],{},[143,41944,41945,41948],{},[18,41946,41947],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[143,41950,41951,41953],{},[18,41952,41906],{}," fails",[14,41955,41956,41957,41960,41961,41963],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[183,41958,41959],{"href":2754},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[183,41962,2298],{"href":2297}," helpful.",[39,41965,1650],{"id":1649},[830,41967,41969],{"id":41968},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41971,41972,41973,2758,41975,95],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,41974,2369],{},[18,41976,40006],{},[830,41978,41980],{"id":41979},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41982,41983,41984,2758,41987,95],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,41985,41986],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,41988,41989],{},"\"10\"",[830,41991,41993],{"id":41992},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41995,28927,41996,41998,41999,95],{},[18,41997,41392],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42000,40566],{},[830,42002,42004],{"id":42003},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42006,5023,42007,95],{},[18,42008,3648],{},[830,42010,42012],{"id":42011},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42014,42015,42016,717,42018,4269,42021,717,42023,95],{},"Yes. ",[18,42017,573],{},[18,42019,42020],{},"1.0",[18,42022,3552],{},[18,42024,3648],{},[39,42026,1782],{"id":1781},[140,42028,42029,42033,42039,42044,42048,42052],{},[143,42030,42031],{},[183,42032,41959],{"href":2754},[143,42034,42035],{},[183,42036,42038],{"href":42037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[143,42040,42041],{},[183,42042,42043],{"href":40753},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[143,42045,42046],{},[183,42047,8926],{"href":8848},[143,42049,42050],{},[183,42051,40758],{"href":40757},[143,42053,42054],{},[183,42055,42056],{"href":8087},"Python input() Function Explained",[1810,42058,42059],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":42061},[42062,42063,42064,42065,42072,42077,42078,42085,42090,42097,42098,42105],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":40053,"depth":89,"text":40054},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":40278,"depth":89,"text":40279,"children":42066},[42067,42068,42069,42070,42071],{"id":40287,"depth":111,"text":40288},{"id":40351,"depth":111,"text":40352},{"id":40415,"depth":111,"text":40416},{"id":169,"depth":111,"text":40457},{"id":40511,"depth":111,"text":40512},{"id":40550,"depth":89,"text":40551,"children":42073},[42074,42075,42076],{"id":40559,"depth":111,"text":40560},{"id":40645,"depth":111,"text":40646},{"id":40715,"depth":111,"text":40716},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":40907,"depth":89,"text":40908,"children":42079},[42080,42082,42083,42084],{"id":40911,"depth":111,"text":42081},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41004,"depth":111,"text":41005},{"id":41090,"depth":111,"text":41091},{"id":41152,"depth":111,"text":41153},{"id":41212,"depth":89,"text":41213,"children":42086},[42087,42088,42089],{"id":41221,"depth":111,"text":41222},{"id":41260,"depth":111,"text":41261},{"id":41301,"depth":111,"text":41302},{"id":41366,"depth":89,"text":41367,"children":42091},[42092,42093,42094,42095,42096],{"id":41376,"depth":111,"text":40566},{"id":41442,"depth":111,"text":2885},{"id":41509,"depth":111,"text":41510},{"id":41583,"depth":111,"text":41584},{"id":41710,"depth":111,"text":41711},{"id":41814,"depth":89,"text":41815},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":42099},[42100,42101,42102,42103,42104],{"id":41968,"depth":111,"text":41969},{"id":41979,"depth":111,"text":41980},{"id":41992,"depth":111,"text":41993},{"id":42003,"depth":111,"text":42004},{"id":42011,"depth":111,"text":42012},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39954,"description":42106},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42113,"title":42114,"body":42115,"description":43335,"extension":1841,"meta":43336,"navigation":301,"path":34888,"seo":43337,"stem":43338,"__hash__":43339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42116,"toc":43301},[42117,42120,42125,42128,42130,42169,42183,42187,42192,42195,42212,42215,42225,42240,42243,42245,42248,42264,42267,42270,42290,42294,42305,42308,42312,42316,42330,42365,42369,42380,42415,42418,42420,42428,42461,42477,42479,42489,42510,42521,42523,42528,42531,42545,42547,42566,42569,42582,42585,42589,42593,42607,42610,42628,42631,42646,42650,42655,42669,42675,42677,42734,42736,42768,42771,42787,42791,42798,42802,42807,42810,42821,42825,42830,42845,42854,42859,42878,42881,42893,42895,42900,42910,42913,42942,42947,42956,42960,42965,42968,42972,42977,42979,43009,43012,43019,43024,43029,43033,43036,43044,43047,43125,43128,43150,43152,43156,43159,43163,43169,43232,43236,43244,43248,43251,43253,43278,43298],[10,42118,42114],{"id":42119},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42121,3464,42122,42124],{},[18,42123,34891],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42126,42127],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[39,42129,1882],{"id":1881},[44,42131,42133],{"className":46,"code":42132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42134,42135,42145,42155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42138,32016],{"class":114},[53,42140,102],{"class":67},[53,42142,11029],{"class":114},[53,42144,108],{"class":67},[53,42146,42147,42149,42151,42153],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42148,32016],{"class":114},[53,42150,102],{"class":67},[53,42152,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42154,108],{"class":67},[53,42156,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165,42167],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,42158,32016],{"class":114},[53,42160,102],{"class":67},[53,42162,341],{"class":252},[53,42164,34523],{"class":256},[53,42166,341],{"class":252},[53,42168,108],{"class":67},[14,42170,131,42171,42173,42174,2758,42176,42178,42179,42182],{},[18,42172,34891],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42175,11029],{},[18,42177,3324],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42180,42181],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[39,42184,42186],{"id":42185},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42188,42189,42191],{},[18,42190,34891],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42193,42194],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[140,42196,42197,42200,42203,42206,42209],{},[143,42198,42199],{},"Functions",[143,42201,42202],{},"Classes",[143,42204,42205],{},"Methods",[143,42207,42208],{},"Modules",[143,42210,42211],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42213,42214],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42216,42217,42218,42224],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[183,42219,42221],{"href":42220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42222,42223],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[44,42226,42228],{"className":46,"code":42227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\n",[18,42229,42230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42231,42232,42234,42236,42238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42233,32016],{"class":114},[53,42235,102],{"class":67},[53,42237,11029],{"class":114},[53,42239,108],{"class":67},[14,42241,42242],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[39,42244,2039],{"id":2038},[14,42246,42247],{},"The main form is:",[44,42249,42251],{"className":46,"code":42250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(object)\n",[18,42252,42253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42254,42255,42257,42259,42262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42256,32016],{"class":114},[53,42258,102],{"class":67},[53,42260,42261],{"class":2782},"object",[53,42263,108],{"class":67},[14,42265,42266],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42268,42269],{},"Common examples include:",[140,42271,42272,42276,42281,42285],{},[143,42273,42274],{},[18,42275,11029],{},[143,42277,42278],{},[18,42279,42280],{},"list.append",[143,42282,42283],{},[18,42284,3324],{},[143,42286,42287],{},[18,42288,42289],{},"open",[14,42291,7045,42292,7048],{},[18,42293,34891],{},[44,42295,42297],{"className":46,"code":42296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help()\n",[18,42298,42299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42300,42301,42303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42302,32016],{"class":114},[53,42304,8510],{"class":67},[14,42306,42307],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[39,42309,42311],{"id":42310},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[830,42313,42315],{"id":42314},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42317,42318,42319,2072,42321,2072,42323,16937,42326,95],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42320,11029],{},[18,42322,115],{},[18,42324,42325],{},"input",[183,42327,42328],{"href":2178},[18,42329,2181],{},[44,42331,42333],{"className":46,"code":42332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42334,42335,42345,42355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42336,42337,42339,42341,42343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42338,32016],{"class":114},[53,42340,102],{"class":67},[53,42342,115],{"class":114},[53,42344,108],{"class":67},[53,42346,42347,42349,42351,42353],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42348,32016],{"class":114},[53,42350,102],{"class":67},[53,42352,42325],{"class":114},[53,42354,108],{"class":67},[53,42356,42357,42359,42361,42363],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,42358,32016],{"class":114},[53,42360,102],{"class":67},[53,42362,3102],{"class":2782},[53,42364,108],{"class":67},[830,42366,42368],{"id":42367},"data-types","Data types",[14,42370,42371,42372,2072,42374,2072,42376,16937,42378,95],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42373,3324],{},[18,42375,7961],{},[18,42377,8689],{},[18,42379,6159],{},[44,42381,42383],{"className":46,"code":42382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42384,42385,42395,42405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42386,42387,42389,42391,42393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42388,32016],{"class":114},[53,42390,102],{"class":67},[53,42392,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42394,108],{"class":67},[53,42396,42397,42399,42401,42403],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42398,32016],{"class":114},[53,42400,102],{"class":67},[53,42402,7961],{"class":2782},[53,42404,108],{"class":67},[53,42406,42407,42409,42411,42413],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,42408,32016],{"class":114},[53,42410,102],{"class":67},[53,42412,8689],{"class":2782},[53,42414,108],{"class":67},[14,42416,42417],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[830,42419,42205],{"id":34370},[14,42421,42422,42423,4269,42426,95],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42424,42425],{},"str.split",[18,42427,42280],{},[44,42429,42431],{"className":46,"code":42430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42432,42433,42447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42434,42435,42437,42439,42441,42443,42445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42436,32016],{"class":114},[53,42438,102],{"class":67},[53,42440,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42442,95],{"class":67},[53,42444,34333],{"class":24615},[53,42446,108],{"class":67},[53,42448,42449,42451,42453,42455,42457,42459],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42450,32016],{"class":114},[53,42452,102],{"class":67},[53,42454,7961],{"class":2782},[53,42456,95],{"class":67},[53,42458,99],{"class":24615},[53,42460,108],{"class":67},[14,42462,42463,42464,8572,42466,28179,42471,42473,42474,42476],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42465,34891],{},[183,42467,42469],{"href":42468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42470,34175],{},[18,42472,34175],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42475,34891],{}," explains one of them.",[830,42478,42208],{"id":34523},[14,42480,42481,42482,2072,42484,16937,42486,95],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42483,18281],{},[18,42485,35054],{},[18,42487,42488],{},"os",[44,42490,42492],{"className":46,"code":42491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42493,42494,42500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42495,42496,42498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42497,34955],{"class":1558},[53,42499,34958],{"class":59},[53,42501,42502,42504,42506,42508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42503,32016],{"class":114},[53,42505,102],{"class":67},[53,42507,18281],{"class":98},[53,42509,108],{"class":67},[14,42511,42512,42513,42517,42518,95],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[183,42514,42516],{"href":42515},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[183,42519,35021],{"href":42520},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[39,42522,34782],{"id":34781},[14,42524,42525,42527],{},[18,42526,34891],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42529,42530],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[140,42532,42533,42536,42539,42542],{},[143,42534,42535],{},"The function signature",[143,42537,42538],{},"The short description",[143,42540,42541],{},"Parameter names",[143,42543,42544],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42546,5345],{},[44,42548,42550],{"className":46,"code":42549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42551,42552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42553,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562,42564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42555,32016],{"class":114},[53,42557,102],{"class":67},[53,42559,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42561,95],{"class":67},[53,42563,34333],{"class":24615},[53,42565,108],{"class":67},[14,42567,42568],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[140,42570,42571,42574,42577,42579],{},[143,42572,42573],{},"What object this is",[143,42575,42576],{},"What arguments it accepts",[143,42578,21835],{},[143,42580,42581],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42583,42584],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[39,42586,42588],{"id":42587},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42590,42591,29740],{},[18,42592,34891],{},[140,42594,42595,42598,42601,42604],{},[143,42596,42597],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[143,42599,42600],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[143,42602,42603],{},"You are exploring a new module",[143,42605,42606],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42608,42609],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[44,42611,42612],{"className":46,"code":42549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,42613,42614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42615,42616,42618,42620,42622,42624,42626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42617,32016],{"class":114},[53,42619,102],{"class":67},[53,42621,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42623,95],{"class":67},[53,42625,34333],{"class":24615},[53,42627,108],{"class":67},[14,42629,42630],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[44,42632,42634],{"className":46,"code":42633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(open)\n",[18,42635,42636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42639,32016],{"class":114},[53,42641,102],{"class":67},[53,42643,42289],{"class":114},[53,42645,108],{"class":67},[39,42647,42649],{"id":42648},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42651,42652,42654],{},[18,42653,34891],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[140,42656,42657,42660,42663,42666],{},[143,42658,42659],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[143,42661,42662],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[143,42664,42665],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[143,42667,42668],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42670,42671,42672,42674],{},"So, ",[18,42673,34891],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42676,5345],{},[44,42678,42680],{"className":46,"code":42679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42681,42682,42695,42719,42723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42683,42684,42686,42688,42690,42693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42685,34551],{"class":59},[53,42687,64],{"class":63},[53,42689,264],{"class":252},[53,42691,42692],{"class":256},"a,b,c",[53,42694,3239],{"class":252},[53,42696,42697,42700,42702,42705,42707,42709,42711,42713,42715,42717],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42698,42699],{"class":59},"parts ",[53,42701,64],{"class":63},[53,42703,42704],{"class":59}," text",[53,42706,95],{"class":67},[53,42708,34333],{"class":98},[53,42710,102],{"class":67},[53,42712,253],{"class":252},[53,42714,75],{"class":256},[53,42716,253],{"class":252},[53,42718,108],{"class":67},[53,42720,42721],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,42722,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,42724,42725,42727,42729,42732],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,42726,115],{"class":114},[53,42728,102],{"class":67},[53,42730,42731],{"class":98},"parts",[53,42733,108],{"class":67},[14,42735,5432],{},[44,42737,42738],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,42739,42740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42741,42742,42744,42746,42748,42750,42752,42754,42756,42758,42760,42762,42764,42766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42743,338],{"class":67},[53,42745,341],{"class":252},[53,42747,183],{"class":256},[53,42749,341],{"class":252},[53,42751,75],{"class":67},[53,42753,350],{"class":252},[53,42755,1453],{"class":256},[53,42757,341],{"class":252},[53,42759,75],{"class":67},[53,42761,350],{"class":252},[53,42763,1428],{"class":256},[53,42765,341],{"class":252},[53,42767,86],{"class":67},[14,42769,42770],{},"A good workflow is:",[28579,42772,42773,42778,42781,42784],{},[143,42774,131,42775,42777],{},[18,42776,34891],{}," to inspect something",[143,42779,42780],{},"Write a tiny example",[143,42782,42783],{},"Check the result",[143,42785,42786],{},"Repeat",[39,42788,42790],{"id":42789},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42792,42793,4269,42795,42797],{},[18,42794,34891],{},[18,42796,34175],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[830,42799,42800],{"id":32016},[18,42801,34891],{},[14,42803,131,42804,42806],{},[18,42805,34891],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42808,42809],{},"It tells you:",[140,42811,42812,42815,42818],{},[143,42813,42814],{},"What something is",[143,42816,42817],{},"How to use it",[143,42819,42820],{},"What parameters it accepts",[830,42822,42823],{"id":34236},[18,42824,34175],{},[14,42826,131,42827,42829],{},[18,42828,34175],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[44,42831,42833],{"className":46,"code":42832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dir(str)\n",[18,42834,42835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42836,42837,42839,42841,42843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42838,34236],{"class":114},[53,42840,102],{"class":67},[53,42842,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42844,108],{"class":67},[14,42846,42847,42848,2072,42850,16937,42852,95],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,42849,34333],{},[18,42851,8501],{},[18,42853,8507],{},[14,42855,42856,42857,597],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,42858,34891],{},[44,42860,42862],{"className":46,"code":42861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,42863,42864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42865,42866,42868,42870,42872,42874,42876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42867,32016],{"class":114},[53,42869,102],{"class":67},[53,42871,3324],{"class":2782},[53,42873,95],{"class":67},[53,42875,8507],{"class":24615},[53,42877,108],{"class":67},[14,42879,42880],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[140,42882,42883,42888],{},[143,42884,131,42885,42887],{},[18,42886,34175],{}," to discover options",[143,42889,131,42890,42892],{},[18,42891,34891],{}," to understand one option",[39,42894,2709],{"id":2708},[14,42896,42897,42898,95],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,42899,34891],{},[830,42901,833,42903,42906,42907],{"id":42902},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,42904,42905],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,42908,42909],{},"help(len)",[14,42911,42912],{},"These are not always the same.",[44,42914,42916],{"className":46,"code":42915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,42917,42918,42928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42919,42920,42922,42924,42926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42921,32016],{"class":114},[53,42923,102],{"class":67},[53,42925,11029],{"class":114},[53,42927,108],{"class":67},[53,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42931,32016],{"class":114},[53,42933,102],{"class":67},[53,42935,341],{"class":252},[53,42937,11029],{"class":256},[53,42939,341],{"class":252},[53,42941,108],{"class":67},[14,42943,42944,42946],{},[18,42945,42909],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42948,42949,42951,42952,42955],{},[18,42950,42905],{}," treats ",[18,42953,42954],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[830,42957,42959],{"id":42958},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42961,42962,42964],{},[18,42963,34891],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42966,42967],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[830,42969,42971],{"id":42970},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42973,40206,42974,42976],{},[18,42975,34891],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42978,235],{},[44,42980,42982],{"className":46,"code":42981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,42983,42984,42994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42985,42986,42988,42990,42992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42987,32016],{"class":114},[53,42989,102],{"class":67},[53,42991,11029],{"class":114},[53,42993,108],{"class":67},[53,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002,43005,43007],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,42997,115],{"class":114},[53,42999,102],{"class":67},[53,43001,253],{"class":252},[53,43003,43004],{"class":256},"Done",[53,43006,253],{"class":252},[53,43008,108],{"class":67},[14,43010,43011],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[830,43013,37066,43015,8572,43017],{"id":43014},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43016,34891],{},[18,43018,34175],{},[14,43020,43021,43022,95],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43023,34175],{},[14,43025,43026,43027,95],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43028,34891],{},[39,43030,43032],{"id":43031},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43034,43035],{},"Open Python:",[44,43037,43038],{"className":46,"code":35407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,43039,43040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43041,43042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43043,35407],{"class":59},[14,43045,43046],{},"Then test these commands:",[44,43048,43050],{"className":46,"code":43049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43051,43052,43062,43076,43090,43100,43115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43053,43054,43056,43058,43060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43055,32016],{"class":114},[53,43057,102],{"class":67},[53,43059,11029],{"class":114},[53,43061,108],{"class":67},[53,43063,43064,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43065,32016],{"class":114},[53,43067,102],{"class":67},[53,43069,3324],{"class":2782},[53,43071,95],{"class":67},[53,43073,34333],{"class":24615},[53,43075,108],{"class":67},[53,43077,43078,43080,43082,43084,43086,43088],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43079,32016],{"class":114},[53,43081,102],{"class":67},[53,43083,7961],{"class":2782},[53,43085,95],{"class":67},[53,43087,99],{"class":24615},[53,43089,108],{"class":67},[53,43091,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43093,32016],{"class":114},[53,43095,102],{"class":67},[53,43097,42289],{"class":114},[53,43099,108],{"class":67},[53,43101,43102,43104,43106,43108,43111,43113],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43103,32016],{"class":114},[53,43105,102],{"class":67},[53,43107,341],{"class":252},[53,43109,43110],{"class":256},"keywords",[53,43112,341],{"class":252},[53,43114,108],{"class":67},[53,43116,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,43118,34236],{"class":114},[53,43120,102],{"class":67},[53,43122,3324],{"class":2782},[53,43124,108],{"class":67},[14,43126,43127],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[140,43129,43130,43133,43136,43139,43142,43145],{},[143,43131,43132],{},"A built-in function",[143,43134,43135],{},"A string method",[143,43137,43138],{},"A list method",[143,43140,43141],{},"A built-in file function",[143,43143,43144],{},"A special help topic",[143,43146,15052,43147,43149],{},[18,43148,34175],{}," example for comparison",[39,43151,1650],{"id":1649},[830,43153,43155],{"id":43154},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43157,43158],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[830,43160,43162],{"id":43161},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43164,43165,43166,43168],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43167,34891],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[44,43170,43172],{"className":46,"code":43171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43173,43174,43186,43199,43218,43222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43175,43176,43178,43180,43182,43184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43177,34715],{"class":1945},[53,43179,34719],{"class":34718},[53,43181,102],{"class":67},[53,43183,592],{"class":37525},[53,43185,1580],{"class":67},[53,43187,43188,43192,43196],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43189,43191],{"class":43190},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[53,43193,43195],{"class":43194},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[53,43197,43198],{"class":43190},"\"\"\"\n",[53,43200,43201,43203,43206,43209,43211,43213,43215],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43202,34726],{"class":1558},[53,43204,43205],{"class":1945}," f",[53,43207,43208],{"class":256},"\"Hello, ",[53,43210,9145],{"class":71},[53,43212,592],{"class":59},[53,43214,22168],{"class":71},[53,43216,43217],{"class":256},"!\"\n",[53,43219,43220],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43221,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43223,43224,43226,43228,43230],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43225,32016],{"class":114},[53,43227,102],{"class":67},[53,43229,34761],{"class":98},[53,43231,108],{"class":67},[830,43233,43235],{"id":43234},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43237,43238,43240,43241,43243],{},[18,43239,42909],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43242,42905],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[830,43245,43247],{"id":43246},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43249,43250],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[39,43252,1782],{"id":1781},[140,43254,43255,43260,43264,43269,43274],{},[143,43256,43257],{},[183,43258,43259],{"href":42468},"Python dir() function explained",[143,43261,43262],{},[183,43263,8308],{"href":2178},[143,43265,43266],{},[183,43267,43268],{"href":42220},"Python len() function explained",[143,43270,43271],{},[183,43272,43273],{"href":42515},"How import works in Python",[143,43275,43276],{},[183,43277,35021],{"href":42520},[14,43279,43280,43281,43283,43284,2072,43286,16937,43288,43290,43291,2758,43294,43297],{},"Try ",[18,43282,34891],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43285,11029],{},[18,43287,115],{},[18,43289,42325],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43292,43293],{},"dir(str)",[18,43295,43296],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1810,43299,43300],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":43302},[43303,43304,43305,43306,43312,43313,43314,43315,43319,43327,43328,43334],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":42185,"depth":89,"text":42186},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":42310,"depth":89,"text":42311,"children":43307},[43308,43309,43310,43311],{"id":42314,"depth":111,"text":42315},{"id":42367,"depth":111,"text":42368},{"id":34370,"depth":111,"text":42205},{"id":34523,"depth":111,"text":42208},{"id":34781,"depth":89,"text":34782},{"id":42587,"depth":89,"text":42588},{"id":42648,"depth":89,"text":42649},{"id":42789,"depth":89,"text":42790,"children":43316},[43317,43318],{"id":32016,"depth":111,"text":34891},{"id":34236,"depth":111,"text":34175},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":43320},[43321,43323,43324,43325],{"id":42902,"depth":111,"text":43322},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42958,"depth":111,"text":42959},{"id":42970,"depth":111,"text":42971},{"id":43014,"depth":111,"text":43326},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43031,"depth":89,"text":43032},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":43329},[43330,43331,43332,43333],{"id":43154,"depth":111,"text":43155},{"id":43161,"depth":111,"text":43162},{"id":43234,"depth":111,"text":43235},{"id":43246,"depth":111,"text":43247},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42114,"description":43335},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43341,"title":43342,"body":43343,"description":44705,"extension":1841,"meta":44706,"navigation":301,"path":44707,"seo":44708,"stem":44709,"__hash__":44710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43344,"toc":44678},[43345,43351,43356,43362,43372,43431,43441,43452,43457,43463,43465,43483,43491,43493,43495,43510,43513,43524,43526,43617,43620,43624,43629,43650,43652,43763,43765,43792,43803,43807,43810,43893,43895,43903,43909,43915,43919,43922,44032,44034,44047,44050,44064,44072,44079,44084,44098,44104,44217,44219,44280,44283,44289,44295,44298,44320,44323,44393,44396,44428,44435,44437,44440,44458,44461,44473,44479,44481,44486,44512,44515,44587,44589,44595,44598,44604,44607,44613,44623,44629,44632,44639,44642,44644,44675],[10,43346,3457,43348,3461],{"id":43347},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43349,43350],{},"id()",[14,43352,32181,43353,43355],{},[18,43354,43350],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43357,43358,43359,43361],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43360,43350],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43363,131,43364,43366,43367,43369,43370,95],{},[18,43365,43350],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[23,43368,36],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43371,4562],{},[44,43373,43375],{"className":46,"code":43374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43376,43377,43389,43403,43407,43417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43378,43379,43381,43383,43385,43387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43380,7743],{"class":59},[53,43382,64],{"class":63},[53,43384,264],{"class":252},[53,43386,7166],{"class":256},[53,43388,3239],{"class":252},[53,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397,43399,43401],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43392,115],{"class":114},[53,43394,102],{"class":67},[53,43396,12515],{"class":114},[53,43398,102],{"class":67},[53,43400,592],{"class":98},[53,43402,1907],{"class":67},[53,43404,43405],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43406,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43408,43409,43412,43414],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43410,43411],{"class":59},"other ",[53,43413,64],{"class":63},[53,43415,43416],{"class":59}," name\n",[53,43418,43419,43421,43423,43425,43427,43429],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43420,115],{"class":114},[53,43422,102],{"class":67},[53,43424,12515],{"class":114},[53,43426,102],{"class":67},[53,43428,30609],{"class":98},[53,43430,1907],{"class":67},[14,43432,43433,43434,43437,43438,43440],{},"In this example, ",[18,43435,43436],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43439,43350],{}," values match.",[43442,43443,43444],"blockquote",{},[14,43445,131,43446,43448,43449,43451],{},[18,43447,43350],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43450,4562],{}," for value comparison.",[39,43453,3556,43455,3559],{"id":43454},"what-id-does",[18,43456,43350],{},[14,43458,43459,43462],{},[18,43460,43461],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43464,12919],{},[140,43466,43467,43470,43477,43480],{},[143,43468,43469],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[143,43471,43472,43473,43476],{},"It shows ",[23,43474,43475],{},"object identity",", not object value",[143,43478,43479],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[143,43481,43482],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43484,43485,43486,43490],{},"This is closely related to how ",[183,43487,43489],{"href":43488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[39,43492,2039],{"id":2038},[14,43494,5307],{},[44,43496,43498],{"className":46,"code":43497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"id(object)\n",[18,43499,43500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43501,43502,43504,43506,43508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43503,12515],{"class":114},[53,43505,102],{"class":67},[53,43507,42261],{"class":2782},[53,43509,108],{"class":67},[14,43511,43512],{},"Important details:",[140,43514,43515,43518,43521],{},[143,43516,43517],{},"It takes one argument",[143,43519,43520],{},"It returns an integer",[143,43522,43523],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43525,235],{},[44,43527,43529],{"className":46,"code":43528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43530,43531,43543,43551,43571,43575,43589,43603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43532,43533,43535,43537,43539,43541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43534,34551],{"class":59},[53,43536,64],{"class":63},[53,43538,264],{"class":252},[53,43540,556],{"class":256},[53,43542,3239],{"class":252},[53,43544,43545,43547,43549],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43546,1594],{"class":59},[53,43548,64],{"class":63},[53,43550,2647],{"class":71},[53,43552,43553,43555,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565,43567,43569],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43554,516],{"class":59},[53,43556,64],{"class":63},[53,43558,68],{"class":67},[53,43560,72],{"class":71},[53,43562,75],{"class":67},[53,43564,78],{"class":71},[53,43566,75],{"class":67},[53,43568,83],{"class":71},[53,43570,86],{"class":67},[53,43572,43573],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43574,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43576,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585,43587],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43578,115],{"class":114},[53,43580,102],{"class":67},[53,43582,12515],{"class":114},[53,43584,102],{"class":67},[53,43586,34572],{"class":98},[53,43588,1907],{"class":67},[53,43590,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,43592,115],{"class":114},[53,43594,102],{"class":67},[53,43596,12515],{"class":114},[53,43598,102],{"class":67},[53,43600,2120],{"class":98},[53,43602,1907],{"class":67},[53,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,43606,115],{"class":114},[53,43608,102],{"class":67},[53,43610,12515],{"class":114},[53,43612,102],{"class":67},[53,43614,530],{"class":98},[53,43616,1907],{"class":67},[14,43618,43619],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[39,43621,43623],{"id":43622},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43625,43626,43627,95],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43628,43350],{},[140,43630,43631,43638,43645],{},[143,43632,43633,43635,43636],{},[18,43634,4562],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[23,43637,2350],{},[143,43639,43640,43642,43643],{},[18,43641,12059],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[23,43644,42261],{},[143,43646,43647,43649],{},[18,43648,43350],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43651,235],{},[44,43653,43655],{"className":46,"code":43654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43656,43657,43677,43697,43701,43718,43735,43749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43658,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671,43673,43675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43660,2432],{"class":59},[53,43662,64],{"class":63},[53,43664,68],{"class":67},[53,43666,72],{"class":71},[53,43668,75],{"class":67},[53,43670,78],{"class":71},[53,43672,75],{"class":67},[53,43674,83],{"class":71},[53,43676,86],{"class":67},[53,43678,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43680,2460],{"class":59},[53,43682,64],{"class":63},[53,43684,68],{"class":67},[53,43686,72],{"class":71},[53,43688,75],{"class":67},[53,43690,78],{"class":71},[53,43692,75],{"class":67},[53,43694,83],{"class":71},[53,43696,86],{"class":67},[53,43698,43699],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43700,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43702,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43704,115],{"class":114},[53,43706,102],{"class":67},[53,43708,2432],{"class":98},[53,43710,4562],{"class":63},[53,43712,2437],{"class":98},[53,43714,3539],{"class":67},[53,43716,43717],{"class":127},"   # True\n",[53,43719,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43721,115],{"class":114},[53,43723,102],{"class":67},[53,43725,2432],{"class":98},[53,43727,12059],{"class":1558},[53,43729,2437],{"class":98},[53,43731,3539],{"class":67},[53,43733,43734],{"class":127},"   # False\n",[53,43736,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,43738,115],{"class":114},[53,43740,102],{"class":67},[53,43742,12515],{"class":114},[53,43744,102],{"class":67},[53,43746,183],{"class":98},[53,43748,1907],{"class":67},[53,43750,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,43752,115],{"class":114},[53,43754,102],{"class":67},[53,43756,12515],{"class":114},[53,43758,102],{"class":67},[53,43760,1453],{"class":98},[53,43762,1907],{"class":67},[14,43764,2061],{},[140,43766,43767,43775,43783],{},[143,43768,43769,4657,43772,43774],{},[18,43770,43771],{},"a == b",[18,43773,573],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[143,43776,43777,4657,43780,43782],{},[18,43778,43779],{},"a is b",[18,43781,3552],{}," because they are different list objects",[143,43784,43785,4269,43788,43791],{},[18,43786,43787],{},"id(a)",[18,43789,43790],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43793,43794,43795,4269,43799,95],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[183,43796,43798],{"href":43797},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[183,43800,43802],{"href":43801},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[39,43804,43806],{"id":43805},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43808,43809],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[44,43811,43813],{"className":46,"code":43812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,43814,43815,43835,43845,43849,43863,43878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43818,60],{"class":59},[53,43820,64],{"class":63},[53,43822,68],{"class":67},[53,43824,539],{"class":71},[53,43826,75],{"class":67},[53,43828,7658],{"class":71},[53,43830,75],{"class":67},[53,43832,7663],{"class":71},[53,43834,86],{"class":67},[53,43836,43837,43840,43842],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43838,43839],{"class":59},"other_numbers ",[53,43841,64],{"class":63},[53,43843,43844],{"class":59}," numbers\n",[53,43846,43847],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43848,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43850,43851,43853,43855,43857,43859,43861],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43852,115],{"class":114},[53,43854,102],{"class":67},[53,43856,12515],{"class":114},[53,43858,102],{"class":67},[53,43860,92],{"class":98},[53,43862,1907],{"class":67},[53,43864,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43876],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43866,115],{"class":114},[53,43868,102],{"class":67},[53,43870,12515],{"class":114},[53,43872,102],{"class":67},[53,43874,43875],{"class":98},"other_numbers",[53,43877,1907],{"class":67},[53,43879,43880,43882,43884,43886,43888,43891],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,43881,115],{"class":114},[53,43883,102],{"class":67},[53,43885,60],{"class":98},[53,43887,12059],{"class":1558},[53,43889,43890],{"class":98}," other_numbers",[53,43892,108],{"class":67},[14,43894,5432],{},[44,43896,43897],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,43898,43899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43900,43901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43902,3855],{"class":369},[14,43904,43905,43906,43908],{},"The two ",[18,43907,43350],{}," values will also match.",[14,43910,22054,43911,43914],{},[18,43912,43913],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[39,43916,43918],{"id":43917},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43920,43921],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[44,43923,43925],{"className":46,"code":43924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,43926,43927,43948,43969,43973,43988,44002,44017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43928,43929,43932,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43930,43931],{"class":59},"list_a ",[53,43933,64],{"class":63},[53,43935,68],{"class":67},[53,43937,72],{"class":71},[53,43939,75],{"class":67},[53,43941,78],{"class":71},[53,43943,75],{"class":67},[53,43945,83],{"class":71},[53,43947,86],{"class":67},[53,43949,43950,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,43951,43952],{"class":59},"list_b ",[53,43954,64],{"class":63},[53,43956,68],{"class":67},[53,43958,72],{"class":71},[53,43960,75],{"class":67},[53,43962,78],{"class":71},[53,43964,75],{"class":67},[53,43966,83],{"class":71},[53,43968,86],{"class":67},[53,43970,43971],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,43972,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,43974,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43986],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,43976,115],{"class":114},[53,43978,102],{"class":67},[53,43980,43931],{"class":98},[53,43982,4562],{"class":63},[53,43984,43985],{"class":98}," list_b",[53,43987,108],{"class":67},[53,43989,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,43991,115],{"class":114},[53,43993,102],{"class":67},[53,43995,43931],{"class":98},[53,43997,12059],{"class":1558},[53,43999,43985],{"class":98},[53,44001,108],{"class":67},[53,44003,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012,44015],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,44005,115],{"class":114},[53,44007,102],{"class":67},[53,44009,12515],{"class":114},[53,44011,102],{"class":67},[53,44013,44014],{"class":98},"list_a",[53,44016,1907],{"class":67},[53,44018,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44030],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,44020,115],{"class":114},[53,44022,102],{"class":67},[53,44024,12515],{"class":114},[53,44026,102],{"class":67},[53,44028,44029],{"class":98},"list_b",[53,44031,1907],{"class":67},[14,44033,5432],{},[44,44035,44037],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44038,44039,44043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44040,44041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44042,3855],{"class":369},[53,44044,44045],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44046,3916],{"class":369},[14,44048,44049],{},"What this means:",[140,44051,44052,44055,44058],{},[143,44053,44054],{},"The lists are equal in value",[143,44056,44057],{},"They are not the same object",[143,44059,44060,44061,44063],{},"Their ",[18,44062,43350],{}," values are usually different",[14,44065,44066,44067,44069,44070,95],{},"This is why ",[18,44068,43350],{}," should not replace ",[18,44071,4562],{},[39,44073,44075,44076,44078],{"id":44074},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44077,43350],{}," is useful",[14,44080,44081,44083],{},[18,44082,43350],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[140,44085,44086,44089,44092,44095],{},[143,44087,44088],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[143,44090,44091],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[143,44093,44094],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[143,44096,44097],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44099,44100,44101,44103],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44102,43350],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[44,44105,44107],{"className":46,"code":44106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44108,44109,44133,44142,44146,44165,44169,44179,44189,44203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44110,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44112,11951],{"class":59},[53,44114,64],{"class":63},[53,44116,68],{"class":67},[53,44118,253],{"class":252},[53,44120,183],{"class":256},[53,44122,253],{"class":252},[53,44124,75],{"class":67},[53,44126,264],{"class":252},[53,44128,1453],{"class":256},[53,44130,253],{"class":252},[53,44132,86],{"class":67},[53,44134,44135,44138,44140],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44136,44137],{"class":59},"copy_ref ",[53,44139,64],{"class":63},[53,44141,11989],{"class":59},[53,44143,44144],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,44145,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,44147,44148,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,44149,44150],{"class":59},"copy_ref",[53,44152,95],{"class":67},[53,44154,99],{"class":98},[53,44156,102],{"class":67},[53,44158,253],{"class":252},[53,44160,1428],{"class":256},[53,44162,253],{"class":252},[53,44164,108],{"class":67},[53,44166,44167],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,44168,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,44170,44171,44173,44175,44177],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,44172,115],{"class":114},[53,44174,102],{"class":67},[53,44176,11998],{"class":98},[53,44178,108],{"class":67},[53,44180,44181,44183,44185,44187],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,44182,115],{"class":114},[53,44184,102],{"class":67},[53,44186,44150],{"class":98},[53,44188,108],{"class":67},[53,44190,44191,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,44192,115],{"class":114},[53,44194,102],{"class":67},[53,44196,12515],{"class":114},[53,44198,102],{"class":67},[53,44200,11998],{"class":98},[53,44202,1907],{"class":67},[53,44204,44205,44207,44209,44211,44213,44215],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,44206,115],{"class":114},[53,44208,102],{"class":67},[53,44210,12515],{"class":114},[53,44212,102],{"class":67},[53,44214,44150],{"class":98},[53,44216,1907],{"class":67},[14,44218,5432],{},[44,44220,44222],{"className":46,"code":44221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44223,44224,44252],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44225,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44227,338],{"class":67},[53,44229,341],{"class":252},[53,44231,183],{"class":256},[53,44233,341],{"class":252},[53,44235,75],{"class":67},[53,44237,350],{"class":252},[53,44239,1453],{"class":256},[53,44241,341],{"class":252},[53,44243,75],{"class":67},[53,44245,350],{"class":252},[53,44247,1428],{"class":256},[53,44249,341],{"class":252},[53,44251,86],{"class":67},[53,44253,44254,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44255,338],{"class":67},[53,44257,341],{"class":252},[53,44259,183],{"class":256},[53,44261,341],{"class":252},[53,44263,75],{"class":67},[53,44265,350],{"class":252},[53,44267,1453],{"class":256},[53,44269,341],{"class":252},[53,44271,75],{"class":67},[53,44273,350],{"class":252},[53,44275,1428],{"class":256},[53,44277,341],{"class":252},[53,44279,86],{"class":67},[14,44281,44282],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[39,44284,44286,44287],{"id":44285},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44288,43350],{},[14,44290,44291,44292,44294],{},"Do not use ",[18,44293,43350],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44296,44297],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[140,44299,44300,44306,44312,44315],{},[143,44301,44302,44303,44305],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44304,4562],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[143,44307,44308,44309,44311],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44310,43350],{}," values across program runs",[143,44313,44314],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[143,44316,44317,44318],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44319,43350],{},[14,44321,44322],{},"Bad example:",[44,44324,44326],{"className":46,"code":44325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44327,44328,44340,44352,44356,44378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44329,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44331,2432],{"class":59},[53,44333,64],{"class":63},[53,44335,264],{"class":252},[53,44337,36909],{"class":256},[53,44339,3239],{"class":252},[53,44341,44342,44344,44346,44348,44350],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44343,2460],{"class":59},[53,44345,64],{"class":63},[53,44347,264],{"class":252},[53,44349,36909],{"class":256},[53,44351,3239],{"class":252},[53,44353,44354],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,44355,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,44357,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,44359,6867],{"class":1558},[53,44361,14679],{"class":114},[53,44363,102],{"class":67},[53,44365,183],{"class":98},[53,44367,3539],{"class":67},[53,44369,6280],{"class":63},[53,44371,14679],{"class":114},[53,44373,102],{"class":67},[53,44375,1453],{"class":98},[53,44377,1580],{"class":67},[53,44379,44380,44382,44384,44386,44389,44391],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,44381,7936],{"class":114},[53,44383,102],{"class":67},[53,44385,253],{"class":252},[53,44387,44388],{"class":256},"The values are equal",[53,44390,253],{"class":252},[53,44392,108],{"class":67},[14,44394,44395],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[44,44397,44399],{"className":46,"code":44398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44400,44401,44414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44402,44403,44405,44408,44410,44412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44404,6867],{"class":1558},[53,44406,44407],{"class":59}," a ",[53,44409,4562],{"class":63},[53,44411,2437],{"class":59},[53,44413,6265],{"class":67},[53,44415,44416,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44417,7936],{"class":114},[53,44419,102],{"class":67},[53,44421,253],{"class":252},[53,44423,44388],{"class":256},[53,44425,253],{"class":252},[53,44427,108],{"class":67},[14,44429,131,44430,2758,44432,44434],{},[18,44431,12059],{},[18,44433,43350],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[39,44436,20665],{"id":20664},[14,44438,44439],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[140,44441,44442,44445,44448,44453],{},[143,44443,44444],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[143,44446,44447],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[143,44449,44450,44451],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44452,43350],{},[143,44454,44455,44456],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44457,43350],{},[14,44459,44460],{},"The important rule is:",[140,44462,44463,44468],{},[143,44464,131,44465,44467],{},[18,44466,4562],{}," to check value",[143,44469,131,44470,44472],{},[18,44471,12059],{}," to check identity",[14,44474,44475,44476,44478],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44477,43350],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[39,44480,2709],{"id":2708},[14,44482,44483,44484,597],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44485,43350],{},[140,44487,44488,44496,44499,44502,44507],{},[143,44489,833,44490,44492,44493,44495],{},[18,44491,43350],{}," when ",[18,44494,4562],{}," should be used",[143,44497,44498],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[143,44500,44501],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[143,44503,44504,44505],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44506,43350],{},[143,44508,833,44509,44511],{},[18,44510,43350],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44513,44514],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[44,44516,44518],{"className":46,"code":44517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44519,44520,44535,44549,44563,44577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44521,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44523,115],{"class":114},[53,44525,102],{"class":67},[53,44527,12515],{"class":114},[53,44529,102],{"class":67},[53,44531,44532],{"class":98},"my_object",[53,44534,1907],{"class":67},[53,44536,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44538,115],{"class":114},[53,44540,102],{"class":67},[53,44542,2432],{"class":98},[53,44544,4562],{"class":63},[53,44546,2437],{"class":98},[53,44548,108],{"class":67},[53,44550,44551,44553,44555,44557,44559,44561],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,44552,115],{"class":114},[53,44554,102],{"class":67},[53,44556,2432],{"class":98},[53,44558,12059],{"class":1558},[53,44560,2437],{"class":98},[53,44562,108],{"class":67},[53,44564,44565,44567,44569,44571,44573,44575],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,44566,115],{"class":114},[53,44568,102],{"class":67},[53,44570,3102],{"class":2782},[53,44572,102],{"class":67},[53,44574,44532],{"class":98},[53,44576,1907],{"class":67},[53,44578,44579,44581,44583,44585],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,44580,32016],{"class":114},[53,44582,102],{"class":67},[53,44584,12515],{"class":114},[53,44586,108],{"class":67},[39,44588,1650],{"id":1649},[830,44590,44592,44593,12582],{"id":44591},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44594,43350],{},[14,44596,44597],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[830,44599,14766,44601,44603],{"id":44600},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44602,43350],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44605,44606],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[830,44608,21285,44610,44612],{"id":44609},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44611,43350],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44614,30137,44615,44617,44618,2758,44620,44622],{},[18,44616,4562],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44619,43350],{},[18,44621,12059],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[830,44624,44626,44627,2370],{"id":44625},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44628,43350],{},[14,44630,44631],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[830,44633,44635,44636,44638],{"id":44634},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44637,43350],{}," values?",[14,44640,44641],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[39,44643,1782],{"id":1781},[140,44645,44646,44651,44656,44661,44669],{},[143,44647,44648],{},[183,44649,44650],{"href":43488},"Python variables explained for beginners",[143,44652,44653],{},[183,44654,44655],{"href":43797},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[143,44657,44658],{},[183,44659,44660],{"href":43801},"Python data types overview",[143,44662,44663],{},[183,44664,3457,44666,3390],{"href":44665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44667,44668],{},"isinstance()",[143,44670,44671],{},[183,44672,44674],{"href":44673},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1810,44676,44677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":44679},[44680,44682,44683,44684,44685,44686,44688,44690,44691,44692,44704],{"id":43454,"depth":89,"text":44681},"What id() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":43622,"depth":89,"text":43623},{"id":43805,"depth":89,"text":43806},{"id":43917,"depth":89,"text":43918},{"id":44074,"depth":89,"text":44687},"When id() is useful",{"id":44285,"depth":89,"text":44689},"When not to use id()",{"id":20664,"depth":89,"text":20665},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":44693},[44694,44696,44698,44700,44702],{"id":44591,"depth":111,"text":44695},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44600,"depth":111,"text":44697},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44609,"depth":111,"text":44699},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44625,"depth":111,"text":44701},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44634,"depth":111,"text":44703},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43342,"description":44705},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44712,"title":42056,"body":44713,"description":46352,"extension":1841,"meta":46353,"navigation":301,"path":46354,"seo":46355,"stem":46356,"__hash__":46357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44714,"toc":46318},[44715,44720,44725,44728,44730,44773,44778,44781,44786,44791,44794,44810,44812,44856,44858,44885,44887,44902,44904,44906,44908,44924,44926,44938,44941,44975,44978,45003,45008,45010,45015,45019,45022,45024,45072,45074,45107,45113,45124,45126,45178,45180,45211,45213,45217,45221,45264,45270,45276,45328,45336,45341,45345,45436,45438,45471,45474,45476,45536,45538,45564,45574,45576,45580,45585,45590,45592,45629,45631,45650,45653,45657,45660,45716,45728,45737,45739,45766,45774,45781,45785,45788,45825,45828,45834,45871,45873,45877,45883,45901,45906,45954,45958,46047,46050,46057,46059,46061,46066,46084,46086,46129,46135,46152,46154,46216,46218,46220,46226,46233,46239,46245,46254,46264,46268,46276,46278,46280,46315],[10,44716,3457,44718,3461],{"id":44717},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44719,2839],{},[14,44721,16,44722,44724],{},[18,44723,2839],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44726,44727],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[39,44729,1882],{"id":1881},[44,44731,44733],{"className":46,"code":44732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44734,44735,44754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44736,44737,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747,44750,44752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44738,7743],{"class":59},[53,44740,64],{"class":63},[53,44742,8110],{"class":114},[53,44744,102],{"class":67},[53,44746,253],{"class":252},[53,44748,44749],{"class":256},"Enter your name: ",[53,44751,253],{"class":252},[53,44753,108],{"class":67},[53,44755,44756,44758,44760,44762,44765,44767,44769,44771],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44757,115],{"class":114},[53,44759,102],{"class":67},[53,44761,253],{"class":252},[53,44763,44764],{"class":256},"Hello, ",[53,44766,253],{"class":252},[53,44768,2332],{"class":63},[53,44770,35857],{"class":98},[53,44772,108],{"class":67},[14,44774,131,44775,44777],{},[18,44776,2839],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44779,44780],"hr",{},[39,44782,3556,44784,3559],{"id":44783},"what-input-does",[18,44785,2839],{},[14,44787,44788,44790],{},[18,44789,2839],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44792,44793],{},"Here is what happens:",[140,44795,44796,44801,44804,44807],{},[143,44797,44798,44800],{},[18,44799,2839],{}," waits for the user to type",[143,44802,44803],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[143,44805,44806],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[143,44808,44809],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44811,235],{},[44,44813,44815],{"className":46,"code":44814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,44816,44817,44837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44818,44819,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830,44833,44835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44820,44821],{"class":59},"color ",[53,44823,64],{"class":63},[53,44825,8110],{"class":114},[53,44827,102],{"class":67},[53,44829,253],{"class":252},[53,44831,44832],{"class":256},"What is your favorite color? ",[53,44834,253],{"class":252},[53,44836,108],{"class":67},[53,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845,44848,44850,44852,44854],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44840,115],{"class":114},[53,44842,102],{"class":67},[53,44844,253],{"class":252},[53,44846,44847],{"class":256},"Your favorite color is",[53,44849,253],{"class":252},[53,44851,75],{"class":67},[53,44853,35716],{"class":98},[53,44855,108],{"class":67},[14,44857,29896],{},[44,44859,44861],{"className":46,"code":44860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,44862,44863,44876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44864,44865,44867,44869,44872,44874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44866,3556],{"class":59},[53,44868,12059],{"class":63},[53,44870,44871],{"class":59}," your favorite color",[53,44873,2370],{"class":37229},[53,44875,35746],{"class":59},[53,44877,44878,44881,44883],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44879,44880],{"class":59},"Your favorite color ",[53,44882,12059],{"class":63},[53,44884,35746],{"class":59},[14,44886,19821],{},[140,44888,44889,44894,44899],{},[143,44890,44891,44892],{},"The prompt is ",[18,44893,44832],{},[143,44895,44896,44897],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,44898,32755],{},[143,44900,44901],{},"That value is then printed",[44779,44903],{},[39,44905,2039],{"id":2038},[14,44907,7088],{},[44,44909,44911],{"className":46,"code":44910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"input(prompt)\n",[18,44912,44913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44914,44915,44917,44919,44922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44916,42325],{"class":114},[53,44918,102],{"class":67},[53,44920,44921],{"class":98},"prompt",[53,44923,108],{"class":67},[14,44925,11327],{},[140,44927,44928,44932,44935],{},[143,44929,16,44930,19903],{},[18,44931,44921],{},[143,44933,44934],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[143,44936,44937],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44939,44940],{},"Example with a prompt:",[44,44942,44944],{"className":46,"code":44943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,44945,44946,44965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44947,44948,44950,44952,44954,44956,44958,44961,44963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44949,7828],{"class":59},[53,44951,64],{"class":63},[53,44953,8110],{"class":114},[53,44955,102],{"class":67},[53,44957,253],{"class":252},[53,44959,44960],{"class":256},"Enter your username: ",[53,44962,253],{"class":252},[53,44964,108],{"class":67},[53,44966,44967,44969,44971,44973],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44968,115],{"class":114},[53,44970,102],{"class":67},[53,44972,7852],{"class":98},[53,44974,108],{"class":67},[14,44976,44977],{},"Example without a prompt:",[44,44979,44981],{"className":46,"code":44980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,44982,44983,44993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44984,44985,44987,44989,44991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44986,2325],{"class":59},[53,44988,64],{"class":63},[53,44990,8110],{"class":114},[53,44992,8510],{"class":67},[53,44994,44995,44997,44999,45001],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,44996,115],{"class":114},[53,44998,102],{"class":67},[53,45000,2350],{"class":98},[53,45002,108],{"class":67},[14,45004,7631,45005,45007],{},[18,45006,2839],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44779,45009],{},[39,45011,3556,45013,11573],{"id":45012},"what-input-returns",[18,45014,2839],{},[14,45016,45017,8093],{},[18,45018,2839],{},[14,45020,45021],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45023,235],{},[44,45025,45027],{"className":46,"code":45026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45028,45029,45048,45058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45030,45031,45033,45035,45037,45039,45041,45044,45046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45032,21493],{"class":59},[53,45034,64],{"class":63},[53,45036,8110],{"class":114},[53,45038,102],{"class":67},[53,45040,253],{"class":252},[53,45042,45043],{"class":256},"Enter your age: ",[53,45045,253],{"class":252},[53,45047,108],{"class":67},[53,45049,45050,45052,45054,45056],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45051,115],{"class":114},[53,45053,102],{"class":67},[53,45055,9166],{"class":98},[53,45057,108],{"class":67},[53,45059,45060,45062,45064,45066,45068,45070],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45061,115],{"class":114},[53,45063,102],{"class":67},[53,45065,3102],{"class":2782},[53,45067,102],{"class":67},[53,45069,9166],{"class":98},[53,45071,1907],{"class":67},[14,45073,29896],{},[44,45075,45077],{"className":46,"code":45076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45078,45079,45089,45093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45080,45081,45084,45086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45082,45083],{"class":59},"Enter your age",[53,45085,597],{"class":67},[53,45087,45088],{"class":71}," 25\n",[53,45090,45091],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45092,2587],{"class":71},[53,45094,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45096,3171],{"class":63},[53,45098,3174],{"class":1945},[53,45100,350],{"class":252},[53,45102,3324],{"class":256},[53,45104,341],{"class":252},[53,45106,3183],{"class":63},[14,45108,45109,45110,45112],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45111,9061],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45114,45115,45116,2758,45120,95],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[183,45117,45118],{"href":2754},[18,45119,2757],{},[183,45121,45122],{"href":2761},[18,45123,2764],{},[14,45125,235],{},[44,45127,45129],{"className":46,"code":45128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45130,45131,45154,45164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45132,45133,45135,45137,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148,45150,45152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45134,21493],{"class":59},[53,45136,64],{"class":63},[53,45138,45139],{"class":2782}," int",[53,45141,102],{"class":67},[53,45143,42325],{"class":114},[53,45145,102],{"class":67},[53,45147,253],{"class":252},[53,45149,45043],{"class":256},[53,45151,253],{"class":252},[53,45153,1907],{"class":67},[53,45155,45156,45158,45160,45162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45157,115],{"class":114},[53,45159,102],{"class":67},[53,45161,9166],{"class":98},[53,45163,108],{"class":67},[53,45165,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174,45176],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45167,115],{"class":114},[53,45169,102],{"class":67},[53,45171,3102],{"class":2782},[53,45173,102],{"class":67},[53,45175,9166],{"class":98},[53,45177,1907],{"class":67},[14,45179,29896],{},[44,45181,45183],{"className":46,"code":45182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45184,45185,45193,45197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45186,45187,45189,45191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45188,45083],{"class":59},[53,45190,597],{"class":67},[53,45192,45088],{"class":71},[53,45194,45195],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45196,2587],{"class":71},[53,45198,45199,45201,45203,45205,45207,45209],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45200,3171],{"class":63},[53,45202,3174],{"class":1945},[53,45204,350],{"class":252},[53,45206,2071],{"class":256},[53,45208,341],{"class":252},[53,45210,3183],{"class":63},[44779,45212],{},[39,45214,45216],{"id":45215},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[830,45218,45220],{"id":45219},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[44,45222,45224],{"className":46,"code":45223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45225,45226,45245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45227,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45241,45243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45229,7743],{"class":59},[53,45231,64],{"class":63},[53,45233,8110],{"class":114},[53,45235,102],{"class":67},[53,45237,253],{"class":252},[53,45239,45240],{"class":256},"What is your name? ",[53,45242,253],{"class":252},[53,45244,108],{"class":67},[53,45246,45247,45249,45251,45253,45256,45258,45260,45262],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45248,115],{"class":114},[53,45250,102],{"class":67},[53,45252,253],{"class":252},[53,45254,45255],{"class":256},"Hello,",[53,45257,253],{"class":252},[53,45259,75],{"class":67},[53,45261,35857],{"class":98},[53,45263,108],{"class":67},[14,45265,45266,45267,45269],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45268,592],{}," and prints it.",[830,45271,45273,45274],{"id":45272},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45275,2757],{},[44,45277,45279],{"className":46,"code":45278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45280,45281,45304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45282,45283,45285,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295,45297,45300,45302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45284,21493],{"class":59},[53,45286,64],{"class":63},[53,45288,45139],{"class":2782},[53,45290,102],{"class":67},[53,45292,42325],{"class":114},[53,45294,102],{"class":67},[53,45296,253],{"class":252},[53,45298,45299],{"class":256},"How old are you? ",[53,45301,253],{"class":252},[53,45303,1907],{"class":67},[53,45305,45306,45308,45310,45312,45315,45317,45319,45322,45324,45326],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45307,115],{"class":114},[53,45309,102],{"class":67},[53,45311,253],{"class":252},[53,45313,45314],{"class":256},"Next year you will be",[53,45316,253],{"class":252},[53,45318,75],{"class":67},[53,45320,45321],{"class":98}," age ",[53,45323,1940],{"class":63},[53,45325,5371],{"class":71},[53,45327,108],{"class":67},[14,45329,5932,45330,45332,45333,45335],{},[18,45331,2757],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45334,2839],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45337,45338,45339,95],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[183,45340,8849],{"href":8848},[830,45342,45344],{"id":45343},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[44,45346,45348],{"className":46,"code":45347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45349,45350,45374,45398,45412,45416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45351,45352,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45370,45372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45353,45354],{"class":59},"num1 ",[53,45356,64],{"class":63},[53,45358,45139],{"class":2782},[53,45360,102],{"class":67},[53,45362,42325],{"class":114},[53,45364,102],{"class":67},[53,45366,253],{"class":252},[53,45368,45369],{"class":256},"Enter the first number: ",[53,45371,253],{"class":252},[53,45373,1907],{"class":67},[53,45375,45376,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387,45389,45391,45394,45396],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45377,45378],{"class":59},"num2 ",[53,45380,64],{"class":63},[53,45382,45139],{"class":2782},[53,45384,102],{"class":67},[53,45386,42325],{"class":114},[53,45388,102],{"class":67},[53,45390,253],{"class":252},[53,45392,45393],{"class":256},"Enter the second number: ",[53,45395,253],{"class":252},[53,45397,1907],{"class":67},[53,45399,45400,45402,45404,45407,45409],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45401,41045],{"class":59},[53,45403,64],{"class":63},[53,45405,45406],{"class":59}," num1 ",[53,45408,1940],{"class":63},[53,45410,45411],{"class":59}," num2\n",[53,45413,45414],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,45415,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,45417,45418,45420,45422,45424,45427,45429,45431,45434],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,45419,115],{"class":114},[53,45421,102],{"class":67},[53,45423,253],{"class":252},[53,45425,45426],{"class":256},"Total:",[53,45428,253],{"class":252},[53,45430,75],{"class":67},[53,45432,45433],{"class":98}," total",[53,45435,108],{"class":67},[14,45437,29896],{},[44,45439,45441],{"className":46,"code":45440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45442,45443,45453,45462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45444,45445,45448,45450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45446,45447],{"class":59},"Enter the first number",[53,45449,597],{"class":67},[53,45451,45452],{"class":71}," 2\n",[53,45454,45455,45458,45460],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45456,45457],{"class":59},"Enter the second number",[53,45459,597],{"class":67},[53,45461,2455],{"class":71},[53,45463,45464,45467,45469],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45465,45466],{"class":59},"Total",[53,45468,597],{"class":67},[53,45470,34706],{"class":71},[14,45472,45473],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45475,235],{},[44,45477,45479],{"className":46,"code":45478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45480,45481,45499,45517,45521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45482,45483,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45484,45354],{"class":59},[53,45486,64],{"class":63},[53,45488,8110],{"class":114},[53,45490,102],{"class":67},[53,45492,253],{"class":252},[53,45494,45369],{"class":256},[53,45496,253],{"class":252},[53,45498,108],{"class":67},[53,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45502,45378],{"class":59},[53,45504,64],{"class":63},[53,45506,8110],{"class":114},[53,45508,102],{"class":67},[53,45510,253],{"class":252},[53,45512,45393],{"class":256},[53,45514,253],{"class":252},[53,45516,108],{"class":67},[53,45518,45519],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45520,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,45522,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531,45534],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,45524,115],{"class":114},[53,45526,102],{"class":67},[53,45528,45354],{"class":98},[53,45530,1940],{"class":63},[53,45532,45533],{"class":98}," num2",[53,45535,108],{"class":67},[14,45537,29896],{},[44,45539,45541],{"className":46,"code":45540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45542,45543,45551,45559],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45544,45545,45547,45549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45546,45447],{"class":59},[53,45548,597],{"class":67},[53,45550,45452],{"class":71},[53,45552,45553,45555,45557],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45554,45457],{"class":59},[53,45556,597],{"class":67},[53,45558,2455],{"class":71},[53,45560,45561],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45562,45563],{"class":71},"23\n",[14,45565,45566,45567,45570,45571,95],{},"That happens because ",[18,45568,45569],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45572,45573],{},"\"23\"",[44779,45575],{},[39,45577,45579],{"id":45578},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45581,45582,45583,95],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45584,2839],{},[830,45586,4578,45588,41405],{"id":45587},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45589,2839],{},[14,45591,39062],{},[44,45593,45595],{"className":46,"code":45594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45596,45597,45615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45600,2325],{"class":59},[53,45602,64],{"class":63},[53,45604,8110],{"class":114},[53,45606,102],{"class":67},[53,45608,253],{"class":252},[53,45610,41734],{"class":256},[53,45612,253],{"class":252},[53,45614,108],{"class":67},[53,45616,45617,45619,45621,45623,45625,45627],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45618,115],{"class":114},[53,45620,102],{"class":67},[53,45622,3102],{"class":2782},[53,45624,102],{"class":67},[53,45626,2350],{"class":98},[53,45628,1907],{"class":67},[14,45630,328],{},[44,45632,45634],{"className":46,"code":45633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45635,45636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45637,45638,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45639,3171],{"class":63},[53,45641,3174],{"class":1945},[53,45643,350],{"class":252},[53,45645,3324],{"class":256},[53,45647,341],{"class":252},[53,45649,3183],{"class":63},[14,45651,45652],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[830,45654,45656],{"id":45655},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45658,45659],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[44,45661,45663],{"className":46,"code":45662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45664,45665,45683,45702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45666,45667,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45668,2432],{"class":59},[53,45670,64],{"class":63},[53,45672,8110],{"class":114},[53,45674,102],{"class":67},[53,45676,253],{"class":252},[53,45678,41734],{"class":256},[53,45680,253],{"class":252},[53,45682,108],{"class":67},[53,45684,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45698,45700],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45686,2460],{"class":59},[53,45688,64],{"class":63},[53,45690,8110],{"class":114},[53,45692,102],{"class":67},[53,45694,253],{"class":252},[53,45696,45697],{"class":256},"Enter another number: ",[53,45699,253],{"class":252},[53,45701,108],{"class":67},[53,45703,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45705,115],{"class":114},[53,45707,102],{"class":67},[53,45709,2432],{"class":98},[53,45711,1940],{"class":63},[53,45713,2437],{"class":98},[53,45715,108],{"class":67},[14,45717,40983,45718,4269,45720,45722,45723,18827,45726,95],{},[18,45719,105],{},[18,45721,2017],{},", the result is ",[18,45724,45725],{},"45",[18,45727,2025],{},[830,45729,45731,45732,45734,45735],{"id":45730},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45733,40566],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45736,2757],{},[14,45738,235],{},[44,45740,45742],{"className":46,"code":45741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45743,45744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45745,45746,45748,45750,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45747,21493],{"class":59},[53,45749,64],{"class":63},[53,45751,45139],{"class":2782},[53,45753,102],{"class":67},[53,45755,42325],{"class":114},[53,45757,102],{"class":67},[53,45759,253],{"class":252},[53,45761,45043],{"class":256},[53,45763,253],{"class":252},[53,45765,1907],{"class":67},[14,45767,8139,45768,45771,45772,95],{},[18,45769,45770],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45773,40566],{},[14,45775,45776,45777,95],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[183,45778,45780],{"href":45779},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[830,45782,45784],{"id":45783},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45786,45787],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[44,45789,45791],{"className":46,"code":45790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45792,45793,45811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45794,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807,45809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45796,7743],{"class":59},[53,45798,64],{"class":63},[53,45800,8110],{"class":114},[53,45802,102],{"class":67},[53,45804,253],{"class":252},[53,45806,44749],{"class":256},[53,45808,253],{"class":252},[53,45810,108],{"class":67},[53,45812,45813,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45814,115],{"class":114},[53,45816,102],{"class":67},[53,45818,41642],{"class":114},[53,45820,102],{"class":67},[53,45822,592],{"class":98},[53,45824,1907],{"class":67},[14,45826,45827],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45829,45830,45831,597],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,45832,45833],{},".strip()",[44,45835,45837],{"className":46,"code":45836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,45838,45839,45861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45840,45841,45843,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855,45857,45859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45842,7743],{"class":59},[53,45844,64],{"class":63},[53,45846,8110],{"class":114},[53,45848,102],{"class":67},[53,45850,253],{"class":252},[53,45852,44749],{"class":256},[53,45854,253],{"class":252},[53,45856,8498],{"class":67},[53,45858,8501],{"class":98},[53,45860,8510],{"class":67},[53,45862,45863,45865,45867,45869],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45864,115],{"class":114},[53,45866,102],{"class":67},[53,45868,592],{"class":98},[53,45870,108],{"class":67},[44779,45872],{},[39,45874,45876],{"id":45875},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45878,45879,45880,45882],{},"These habits make ",[18,45881,2839],{}," easier and safer to use.",[140,45884,45885,45888,45893,45896],{},[143,45886,45887],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[143,45889,131,45890,45892],{},[18,45891,45833],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[143,45894,45895],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[143,45897,131,45898,45900],{},[18,45899,29648],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45902,45903,45904,597],{},"Example with ",[18,45905,45833],{},[44,45907,45909],{"className":46,"code":45908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,45910,45911,45935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45912,45913,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45927,45929,45931,45933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45914,45915],{"class":59},"city ",[53,45917,64],{"class":63},[53,45919,8110],{"class":114},[53,45921,102],{"class":67},[53,45923,253],{"class":252},[53,45925,45926],{"class":256},"Enter your city: ",[53,45928,253],{"class":252},[53,45930,8498],{"class":67},[53,45932,8501],{"class":98},[53,45934,8510],{"class":67},[53,45936,45937,45939,45941,45943,45946,45948,45950,45952],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45938,115],{"class":114},[53,45940,102],{"class":67},[53,45942,253],{"class":252},[53,45944,45945],{"class":256},"City:",[53,45947,253],{"class":252},[53,45949,75],{"class":67},[53,45951,31250],{"class":98},[53,45953,108],{"class":67},[14,45955,45903,45956,597],{},[18,45957,29648],{},[44,45959,45961],{"className":46,"code":45960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,45962,45963,45969,45992,46024,46032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45964,45965,45967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45966,29670],{"class":1558},[53,45968,6265],{"class":67},[53,45970,45971,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986,45988,45990],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,45972,45973],{"class":59},"    age ",[53,45975,64],{"class":63},[53,45977,45139],{"class":2782},[53,45979,102],{"class":67},[53,45981,42325],{"class":114},[53,45983,102],{"class":67},[53,45985,253],{"class":252},[53,45987,45043],{"class":256},[53,45989,253],{"class":252},[53,45991,1907],{"class":67},[53,45993,45994,45996,45998,46000,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017,46020,46022],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,45995,7936],{"class":114},[53,45997,102],{"class":67},[53,45999,253],{"class":252},[53,46001,46002],{"class":256},"You will be",[53,46004,253],{"class":252},[53,46006,75],{"class":67},[53,46008,45321],{"class":98},[53,46010,1940],{"class":63},[53,46012,5371],{"class":71},[53,46014,75],{"class":67},[53,46016,264],{"class":252},[53,46018,46019],{"class":256},"next year",[53,46021,253],{"class":252},[53,46023,108],{"class":67},[53,46025,46026,46028,46030],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,46027,29701],{"class":1558},[53,46029,41789],{"class":2782},[53,46031,6265],{"class":67},[53,46033,46034,46036,46038,46040,46043,46045],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,46035,7936],{"class":114},[53,46037,102],{"class":67},[53,46039,253],{"class":252},[53,46041,46042],{"class":256},"Please enter a whole number.",[53,46044,253],{"class":252},[53,46046,108],{"class":67},[14,46048,46049],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46051,46052,46053,95],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[183,46054,46056],{"href":46055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44779,46058],{},[39,46060,2709],{"id":2708},[14,46062,46063,46064,597],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46065,2839],{},[140,46067,46068,46075,46078,46081],{},[143,46069,46070,46071,2758,46073],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46072,2757],{},[18,46074,2764],{},[143,46076,46077],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[143,46079,46080],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[143,46082,46083],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46085,31946],{},[44,46087,46089],{"className":46,"code":46088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46090,46091,46101,46115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46092,46093,46095,46097,46099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46094,115],{"class":114},[53,46096,102],{"class":67},[53,46098,2350],{"class":98},[53,46100,108],{"class":67},[53,46102,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111,46113],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46104,115],{"class":114},[53,46106,102],{"class":67},[53,46108,3102],{"class":2782},[53,46110,102],{"class":67},[53,46112,2350],{"class":98},[53,46114,1907],{"class":67},[53,46116,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46118,115],{"class":114},[53,46120,102],{"class":67},[53,46122,41642],{"class":114},[53,46124,102],{"class":67},[53,46126,2350],{"class":98},[53,46128,1907],{"class":67},[14,46130,46131,46132,46134],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46133,2839],{}," actually returned:",[140,46136,46137,46142,46147],{},[143,46138,46139,46141],{},[18,46140,41690],{}," shows the value",[143,46143,46144,46146],{},[18,46145,41696],{}," shows the data type",[143,46148,46149,46151],{},[18,46150,41701],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46153,235],{},[44,46155,46157],{"className":46,"code":46156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46158,46159,46178,46188,46202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46160,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169,46171,46174,46176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46162,2325],{"class":59},[53,46164,64],{"class":63},[53,46166,8110],{"class":114},[53,46168,102],{"class":67},[53,46170,253],{"class":252},[53,46172,46173],{"class":256},"Enter something: ",[53,46175,253],{"class":252},[53,46177,108],{"class":67},[53,46179,46180,46182,46184,46186],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46181,115],{"class":114},[53,46183,102],{"class":67},[53,46185,2350],{"class":98},[53,46187,108],{"class":67},[53,46189,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46191,115],{"class":114},[53,46193,102],{"class":67},[53,46195,3102],{"class":2782},[53,46197,102],{"class":67},[53,46199,2350],{"class":98},[53,46201,1907],{"class":67},[53,46203,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,46205,115],{"class":114},[53,46207,102],{"class":67},[53,46209,41642],{"class":114},[53,46211,102],{"class":67},[53,46213,2350],{"class":98},[53,46215,1907],{"class":67},[44779,46217],{},[39,46219,1650],{"id":1649},[830,46221,12570,46223,46225],{"id":46222},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46224,2839],{}," return an integer?",[14,46227,1657,46228,46230,46231,39792],{},[18,46229,2839],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46232,2757],{},[830,46234,46236,46237,2370],{"id":46235},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46238,2839],{},[14,46240,46241,46242,46244],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46243,2839],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[830,46246,5033,46248,46251,46252,2370],{"id":46247},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46249,46250],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46253,2839],{},[14,46255,28927,46256,46258,46259,717,46261,46263],{},[18,46257,2839],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46260,45569],{},[18,46262,45573],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[830,46265,46267],{"id":46266},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46269,131,46270,46272,46273,95],{},[18,46271,45833],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46274,46275],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44779,46277],{},[39,46279,1782],{"id":1781},[140,46281,46282,46287,46291,46297,46303,46307],{},[143,46283,46284],{},[183,46285,46286],{"href":46055},"How to get user input in Python",[143,46288,46289],{},[183,46290,8926],{"href":8848},[143,46292,46293],{},[183,46294,3457,46295,3390],{"href":2754},[18,46296,2757],{},[143,46298,46299],{},[183,46300,3457,46301,3390],{"href":2761},[18,46302,2764],{},[143,46304,46305],{},[183,46306,45780],{"href":45779},[143,46308,46309],{},[183,46310,3457,46312,3390],{"href":46311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46313,46314],{},"print()",[1810,46316,46317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":46319},[46320,46321,46323,46324,46326,46332,46340,46341,46342,46351],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":44783,"depth":89,"text":46322},"What input() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":45012,"depth":89,"text":46325},"What input() returns",{"id":45215,"depth":89,"text":45216,"children":46327},[46328,46329,46331],{"id":45219,"depth":111,"text":45220},{"id":45272,"depth":111,"text":46330},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45343,"depth":111,"text":45344},{"id":45578,"depth":89,"text":45579,"children":46333},[46334,46336,46337,46339],{"id":45587,"depth":111,"text":46335},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45655,"depth":111,"text":45656},{"id":45730,"depth":111,"text":46338},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45783,"depth":111,"text":45784},{"id":45875,"depth":89,"text":45876},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":46343},[46344,46346,46348,46350],{"id":46222,"depth":111,"text":46345},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46235,"depth":111,"text":46347},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46247,"depth":111,"text":46349},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46266,"depth":111,"text":46267},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42056,"description":46352},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46359,"title":41959,"body":46360,"description":48673,"extension":1841,"meta":48674,"navigation":301,"path":48675,"seo":48676,"stem":48677,"__hash__":48678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46361,"toc":48625},[46362,46367,46372,46377,46398,46401,46403,46463,46465,46484,46489,46494,46499,46501,46514,46516,46599,46601,46642,46648,46650,46680,46686,46689,46706,46708,46760,46762,46780,46786,46792,46795,46813,46815,46888,46890,46909,46916,46922,46927,46930,46990,46992,47011,47014,47017,47032,47038,47042,47103,47105,47126,47130,47259,47261,47391,47401,47407,47413,47421,47487,47489,47514,47517,47534,47547,47553,47556,47589,47591,47604,47607,47650,47652,47660,47667,47671,47678,47682,47709,47711,47719,47725,47742,47747,47751,47778,47780,47788,47792,47797,47800,47826,47829,47838,47846,47850,47860,47864,47867,47869,47920,47922,47952,47962,47989,47991,47999,48009,48013,48016,48018,48066,48068,48112,48118,48169,48171,48190,48195,48200,48203,48222,48225,48277,48279,48288,48290,48294,48298,48301,48310,48317,48319,48346,48350,48352,48361,48364,48371,48377,48437,48441,48443,48451,48454,48480,48486,48489,48509,48511,48520,48528,48530,48536,48541,48548,48558,48564,48572,48576,48579,48581,48622],[10,46363,3457,46365,3461],{"id":46364},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46366,2757],{},[14,46368,32181,46369,46371],{},[18,46370,2757],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46373,35270,46374,46376],{},[18,46375,2757],{}," when they want to:",[140,46378,46379,46389,46392,46395],{},[143,46380,46381,46382,46385,46386],{},"turn text like ",[18,46383,46384],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46387,46388],{},"42",[143,46390,46391],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[143,46393,46394],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[143,46396,46397],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46399,46400],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[39,46402,1882],{"id":1881},[44,46404,46406],{"className":46,"code":46405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46407,46408,46426,46440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46409,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422,46424],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46411,115],{"class":114},[53,46413,102],{"class":67},[53,46415,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46417,102],{"class":67},[53,46419,253],{"class":252},[53,46421,46388],{"class":256},[53,46423,253],{"class":252},[53,46425,1907],{"class":67},[53,46427,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46429,115],{"class":114},[53,46431,102],{"class":67},[53,46433,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46435,102],{"class":67},[53,46437,41847],{"class":71},[53,46439,1907],{"class":67},[53,46441,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450,46452,46455,46457,46459,46461],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46443,115],{"class":114},[53,46445,102],{"class":67},[53,46447,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46449,102],{"class":67},[53,46451,253],{"class":252},[53,46453,46454],{"class":256},"101",[53,46456,253],{"class":252},[53,46458,75],{"class":67},[53,46460,78],{"class":71},[53,46462,1907],{"class":67},[14,46464,328],{},[44,46466,46468],{"className":46,"code":46467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46469,46470,46475,46480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46471,46472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46473,46474],{"class":71},"42\n",[53,46476,46477],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46478,46479],{"class":71},"3\n",[53,46481,46482],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46483,2828],{"class":71},[14,46485,131,46486,46488],{},[18,46487,2757],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[39,46490,3556,46492,3559],{"id":46491},"what-int-does",[18,46493,2757],{},[14,46495,46496,46498],{},[18,46497,2757],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46500,12919],{},[140,46502,46503,46508,46511],{},[143,46504,46505,46506,7209],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46507,2071],{},[143,46509,46510],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[143,46512,46513],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46515,235],{},[44,46517,46519],{"className":46,"code":46518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46520,46521,46533,46547,46551,46561,46571,46585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46522,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46524,34551],{"class":59},[53,46526,64],{"class":63},[53,46528,264],{"class":252},[53,46530,9061],{"class":256},[53,46532,3239],{"class":252},[53,46534,46535,46537,46539,46541,46543,46545],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46536,1594],{"class":59},[53,46538,64],{"class":63},[53,46540,45139],{"class":2782},[53,46542,102],{"class":67},[53,46544,34572],{"class":98},[53,46546,108],{"class":67},[53,46548,46549],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46550,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,46552,46553,46555,46557,46559],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,46554,115],{"class":114},[53,46556,102],{"class":67},[53,46558,34572],{"class":98},[53,46560,108],{"class":67},[53,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,46564,115],{"class":114},[53,46566,102],{"class":67},[53,46568,2120],{"class":98},[53,46570,108],{"class":67},[53,46572,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581,46583],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,46574,115],{"class":114},[53,46576,102],{"class":67},[53,46578,3102],{"class":2782},[53,46580,102],{"class":67},[53,46582,34572],{"class":98},[53,46584,1907],{"class":67},[53,46586,46587,46589,46591,46593,46595,46597],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,46588,115],{"class":114},[53,46590,102],{"class":67},[53,46592,3102],{"class":2782},[53,46594,102],{"class":67},[53,46596,2120],{"class":98},[53,46598,1907],{"class":67},[14,46600,328],{},[44,46602,46604],{"className":46,"code":46603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46605,46606,46610,46614,46628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46607,46608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46609,2587],{"class":71},[53,46611,46612],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46613,2587],{"class":71},[53,46615,46616,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46617,3171],{"class":63},[53,46619,3174],{"class":1945},[53,46621,350],{"class":252},[53,46623,3324],{"class":256},[53,46625,341],{"class":252},[53,46627,3183],{"class":63},[53,46629,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,46631,3171],{"class":63},[53,46633,3174],{"class":1945},[53,46635,350],{"class":252},[53,46637,2071],{"class":256},[53,46639,341],{"class":252},[53,46641,3183],{"class":63},[14,46643,46644,46645,46647],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46646,2757],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[39,46649,2039],{"id":2038},[44,46651,46653],{"className":46,"code":46652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46654,46655,46665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46656,46657,46659,46661,46663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46658,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46660,102],{"class":67},[53,46662,2056],{"class":98},[53,46664,108],{"class":67},[53,46666,46667,46669,46671,46673,46675,46678],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46668,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46670,102],{"class":67},[53,46672,2056],{"class":98},[53,46674,75],{"class":67},[53,46676,46677],{"class":98}," base",[53,46679,108],{"class":67},[830,46681,46683],{"id":46682},"intx",[18,46684,46685],{},"int(x)",[14,46687,46688],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[140,46690,46691,46696,46701],{},[143,46692,46693,46694],{},"a string such as ",[18,46695,41989],{},[143,46697,46698,46699],{},"a float such as ",[18,46700,41847],{},[143,46702,46703,46704],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46705,573],{},[14,46707,235],{},[44,46709,46711],{"className":46,"code":46710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46712,46713,46731,46746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46714,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46716,115],{"class":114},[53,46718,102],{"class":67},[53,46720,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46722,102],{"class":67},[53,46724,253],{"class":252},[53,46726,539],{"class":256},[53,46728,253],{"class":252},[53,46730,1907],{"class":67},[53,46732,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741,46744],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46734,115],{"class":114},[53,46736,102],{"class":67},[53,46738,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46740,102],{"class":67},[53,46742,46743],{"class":71},"8.7",[53,46745,1907],{"class":67},[53,46747,46748,46750,46752,46754,46756,46758],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46749,115],{"class":114},[53,46751,102],{"class":67},[53,46753,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46755,102],{"class":67},[53,46757,573],{"class":369},[53,46759,1907],{"class":67},[14,46761,328],{},[44,46763,46765],{"className":46,"code":46764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46766,46767,46771,46775],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46768,46769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46770,2255],{"class":71},[53,46772,46773],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46774,2260],{"class":71},[53,46776,46777],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46778,46779],{"class":71},"1\n",[830,46781,46783],{"id":46782},"intx-base",[18,46784,46785],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46787,46788,46789,46791],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46790,2056],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46793,46794],{},"Common bases:",[140,46796,46797,46802,46807],{},[143,46798,46799,46801],{},[18,46800,1937],{}," for binary",[143,46803,46804,46806],{},[18,46805,2224],{}," for octal",[143,46808,46809,46812],{},[18,46810,46811],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46814,235],{},[44,46816,46818],{"className":46,"code":46817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,46819,46820,46842,46865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46821,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46823,115],{"class":114},[53,46825,102],{"class":67},[53,46827,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46829,102],{"class":67},[53,46831,253],{"class":252},[53,46833,46454],{"class":256},[53,46835,253],{"class":252},[53,46837,75],{"class":67},[53,46839,78],{"class":71},[53,46841,1907],{"class":67},[53,46843,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46857,46859,46861,46863],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46845,115],{"class":114},[53,46847,102],{"class":67},[53,46849,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46851,102],{"class":67},[53,46853,253],{"class":252},[53,46855,46856],{"class":256},"17",[53,46858,253],{"class":252},[53,46860,75],{"class":67},[53,46862,6232],{"class":71},[53,46864,1907],{"class":67},[53,46866,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877,46880,46882,46884,46886],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46868,115],{"class":114},[53,46870,102],{"class":67},[53,46872,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46874,102],{"class":67},[53,46876,253],{"class":252},[53,46878,46879],{"class":256},"1A",[53,46881,253],{"class":252},[53,46883,75],{"class":67},[53,46885,1644],{"class":71},[53,46887,1907],{"class":67},[14,46889,328],{},[44,46891,46893],{"className":46,"code":46892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,46894,46895,46899,46904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46896,46897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46898,2828],{"class":71},[53,46900,46901],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46902,46903],{"class":71},"15\n",[53,46905,46906],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46907,46908],{"class":71},"26\n",[14,46910,46911,46912,95],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[183,46913,46914,2182],{"href":2761},[18,46915,2764],{},[39,46917,833,46919,46921],{"id":46918},"using-int-with-strings",[18,46920,2757],{}," with strings",[14,46923,46924,46926],{},[18,46925,2757],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46928,46929],{},"Examples that work:",[44,46931,46933],{"className":46,"code":46932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,46934,46935,46953,46971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46938,115],{"class":114},[53,46940,102],{"class":67},[53,46942,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46944,102],{"class":67},[53,46946,253],{"class":252},[53,46948,2017],{"class":256},[53,46950,253],{"class":252},[53,46952,1907],{"class":67},[53,46954,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,46956,115],{"class":114},[53,46958,102],{"class":67},[53,46960,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46962,102],{"class":67},[53,46964,253],{"class":252},[53,46966,2171],{"class":256},[53,46968,253],{"class":252},[53,46970,1907],{"class":67},[53,46972,46973,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983,46986,46988],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,46974,115],{"class":114},[53,46976,102],{"class":67},[53,46978,2071],{"class":2782},[53,46980,102],{"class":67},[53,46982,253],{"class":252},[53,46984,46985],{"class":256},"  42  ",[53,46987,253],{"class":252},[53,46989,1907],{"class":67},[14,46991,328],{},[44,46993,46995],{"className":46,"code":46994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,46996,46997,47001,47007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46998,46999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47000,2828],{"class":71},[53,47002,47003,47005],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47004,1901],{"class":63},[53,47006,2106],{"class":71},[53,47008,47009],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47010,46474],{"class":71},[14,47012,47013],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47015,47016],{},"Examples that fail:",[44,47018,47020],{"className":46,"code":47019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47021,47022,47027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47023,47024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47025,47026],{"class":127},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[53,47028,47029],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47030,47031],{"class":127},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47033,47034,47035,47037],{},"These raise ",[18,47036,40566],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[830,47039,47041],{"id":47040},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[44,47043,47045],{"className":46,"code":47044,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47046,47047,47065,47084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47048,47049,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47061,47063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47050,115],{"class":114},[53,47052,102],{"class":67},[53,47054,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47056,102],{"class":67},[53,47058,253],{"class":252},[53,47060,2000],{"class":256},[53,47062,253],{"class":252},[53,47064,1907],{"class":67},[53,47066,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075,47077,47080,47082],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47068,115],{"class":114},[53,47070,102],{"class":67},[53,47072,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47074,102],{"class":67},[53,47076,253],{"class":252},[53,47078,47079],{"class":256},"+7",[53,47081,253],{"class":252},[53,47083,1907],{"class":67},[53,47085,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47099,47101],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47087,115],{"class":114},[53,47089,102],{"class":67},[53,47091,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47093,102],{"class":67},[53,47095,253],{"class":252},[53,47097,47098],{"class":256},"-100",[53,47100,253],{"class":252},[53,47102,1907],{"class":67},[14,47104,328],{},[44,47106,47108],{"className":46,"code":47107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47109,47110,47115,47119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47111,47112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47113,47114],{"class":71},"0\n",[53,47116,47117],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47118,1960],{"class":71},[53,47120,47121,47123],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47122,1901],{"class":63},[53,47124,47125],{"class":71},"100\n",[830,47127,47129],{"id":47128},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[44,47131,47133],{"className":46,"code":47132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47134,47135,47173,47177,47189,47196,47211,47226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47136,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47169,47171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47138,3702],{"class":59},[53,47140,64],{"class":63},[53,47142,68],{"class":67},[53,47144,253],{"class":252},[53,47146,40006],{"class":256},[53,47148,253],{"class":252},[53,47150,75],{"class":67},[53,47152,264],{"class":252},[53,47154,47155],{"class":256},"12abc",[53,47157,253],{"class":252},[53,47159,75],{"class":67},[53,47161,5998],{"class":252},[53,47163,75],{"class":67},[53,47165,264],{"class":252},[53,47167,47168],{"class":256},"seven",[53,47170,253],{"class":252},[53,47172,86],{"class":67},[53,47174,47175],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47176,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,47178,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47180,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47182,21449],{"class":59},[53,47184,1565],{"class":1558},[53,47186,3763],{"class":59},[53,47188,6265],{"class":67},[53,47190,47191,47194],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47192,47193],{"class":1558},"    try",[53,47195,6265],{"class":67},[53,47197,47198,47201,47203,47205,47207,47209],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,47199,47200],{"class":114},"        print",[53,47202,102],{"class":67},[53,47204,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47206,102],{"class":67},[53,47208,2350],{"class":98},[53,47210,1907],{"class":67},[53,47212,47213,47216,47218,47221,47224],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,47214,47215],{"class":1558},"    except",[53,47217,41789],{"class":2782},[53,47219,47220],{"class":1558}," as",[53,47222,47223],{"class":59}," error",[53,47225,6265],{"class":67},[53,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47243,47245,47248,47250,47253,47255,47257],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,47229,47200],{"class":114},[53,47231,102],{"class":67},[53,47233,22159],{"class":1945},[53,47235,253],{"class":256},[53,47237,9145],{"class":71},[53,47239,2350],{"class":98},[53,47241,47242],{"class":1945},"!r",[53,47244,22168],{"class":71},[53,47246,47247],{"class":256}," -> ",[53,47249,9145],{"class":71},[53,47251,47252],{"class":98},"error",[53,47254,22168],{"class":71},[53,47256,253],{"class":256},[53,47258,108],{"class":67},[14,47260,328],{},[44,47262,47264],{"className":46,"code":47263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47265,47266,47302,47334,47359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47267,47268,47270,47272,47274,47277,47280,47282,47284,47286,47289,47292,47294,47296,47298,47300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47269,341],{"class":43190},[53,47271,40006],{"class":43194},[53,47273,341],{"class":43190},[53,47275,47276],{"class":37229}," ->",[53,47278,47279],{"class":59}," invalid literal ",[53,47281,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47283,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47285,7235],{"class":67},[53,47287,47288],{"class":1558}," with",[53,47290,47291],{"class":59}," base ",[53,47293,539],{"class":71},[53,47295,597],{"class":67},[53,47297,350],{"class":252},[53,47299,40006],{"class":256},[53,47301,29566],{"class":252},[53,47303,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47305,341],{"class":252},[53,47307,47155],{"class":256},[53,47309,341],{"class":252},[53,47311,47276],{"class":37229},[53,47313,47279],{"class":59},[53,47315,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47317,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47319,7235],{"class":67},[53,47321,47288],{"class":1558},[53,47323,47291],{"class":59},[53,47325,539],{"class":71},[53,47327,597],{"class":67},[53,47329,350],{"class":252},[53,47331,47155],{"class":256},[53,47333,29566],{"class":252},[53,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47337,3653],{"class":252},[53,47339,47276],{"class":37229},[53,47341,47279],{"class":59},[53,47343,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47345,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47347,7235],{"class":67},[53,47349,47288],{"class":1558},[53,47351,47291],{"class":59},[53,47353,539],{"class":71},[53,47355,597],{"class":67},[53,47357,47358],{"class":252}," ''\n",[53,47360,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47362,341],{"class":252},[53,47364,47168],{"class":256},[53,47366,341],{"class":252},[53,47368,47276],{"class":37229},[53,47370,47279],{"class":59},[53,47372,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47374,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47376,7235],{"class":67},[53,47378,47288],{"class":1558},[53,47380,47291],{"class":59},[53,47382,539],{"class":71},[53,47384,597],{"class":67},[53,47386,350],{"class":252},[53,47388,47168],{"class":256},[53,47390,29566],{"class":252},[14,47392,47393,47394,47396,47397,95],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[183,47395,8849],{"href":8848}," and the ",[183,47398,47399,2182],{"href":8087},[18,47400,2839],{},[39,47402,833,47404,47406],{"id":47403},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47405,2757],{}," with floats",[14,47408,47409,47410,47412],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47411,2757],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47414,47415,47416,13916,47418,47420],{},"Important: ",[18,47417,2757],{},[23,47419,36],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[44,47422,47424],{"className":46,"code":47423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47425,47426,47440,47455,47471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47429,115],{"class":114},[53,47431,102],{"class":67},[53,47433,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47435,102],{"class":67},[53,47437,41847],{"class":71},[53,47439,1907],{"class":67},[53,47441,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47453],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47443,115],{"class":114},[53,47445,102],{"class":67},[53,47447,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47449,102],{"class":67},[53,47451,47452],{"class":71},"3.1",[53,47454,1907],{"class":67},[53,47456,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47458,115],{"class":114},[53,47460,102],{"class":67},[53,47462,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47464,102],{"class":67},[53,47466,1901],{"class":63},[53,47468,41847],{"class":71},[53,47470,1907],{"class":67},[53,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47474,115],{"class":114},[53,47476,102],{"class":67},[53,47478,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47480,102],{"class":67},[53,47482,1901],{"class":63},[53,47484,47452],{"class":71},[53,47486,1907],{"class":67},[14,47488,328],{},[44,47490,47492],{"className":46,"code":47491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47493,47494,47498,47502,47508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47495,47496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47497,46479],{"class":71},[53,47499,47500],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47501,46479],{"class":71},[53,47503,47504,47506],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47505,1901],{"class":63},[53,47507,46479],{"class":71},[53,47509,47510,47512],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47511,1901],{"class":63},[53,47513,46479],{"class":71},[14,47515,47516],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[140,47518,47519,47526],{},[143,47520,47521,717,47524],{},[18,47522,47523],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47525,754],{},[143,47527,47528,717,47531],{},[18,47529,47530],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47532,47533],{},"-3",[14,47535,47536,47537,47541,47542,95],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[183,47538,47539],{"href":2761},[18,47540,2764],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[183,47543,47544],{"href":42037},[18,47545,47546],{},"str()",[39,47548,833,47550,47552],{"id":47549},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47551,2757],{}," with booleans",[14,47554,47555],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[44,47557,47559],{"className":46,"code":47558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47560,47561,47575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47562,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47564,115],{"class":114},[53,47566,102],{"class":67},[53,47568,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47570,102],{"class":67},[53,47572,573],{"class":369},[53,47574,1907],{"class":67},[53,47576,47577,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47578,115],{"class":114},[53,47580,102],{"class":67},[53,47582,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47584,102],{"class":67},[53,47586,3552],{"class":369},[53,47588,1907],{"class":67},[14,47590,328],{},[44,47592,47594],{"className":46,"code":47593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n0\n",[18,47595,47596,47600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47597,47598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47599,46779],{"class":71},[53,47601,47602],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47603,47114],{"class":71},[14,47605,47606],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[44,47608,47610],{"className":46,"code":47609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47611,47612,47621,47636,47640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47613,47614,47617,47619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47615,47616],{"class":59},"passed ",[53,47618,64],{"class":63},[53,47620,6294],{"class":369},[53,47622,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631,47634],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47624,41045],{"class":59},[53,47626,64],{"class":63},[53,47628,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47630,102],{"class":67},[53,47632,47633],{"class":98},"passed",[53,47635,108],{"class":67},[53,47637,47638],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47639,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,47641,47642,47644,47646,47648],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47643,115],{"class":114},[53,47645,102],{"class":67},[53,47647,41074],{"class":98},[53,47649,108],{"class":67},[14,47651,328],{},[44,47653,47654],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,47655,47656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47657,47658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47659,46779],{"class":71},[14,47661,47662,47663,95],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[183,47664,47665,2182],{"href":5653},[18,47666,3692],{},[39,47668,47670],{"id":47669},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47672,47673,47674,47677],{},"Use the ",[18,47675,47676],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[830,47679,47681],{"id":47680},"binary-example","Binary example",[44,47683,47685],{"className":46,"code":47684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47686,47687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47688,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47690,115],{"class":114},[53,47692,102],{"class":67},[53,47694,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47696,102],{"class":67},[53,47698,253],{"class":252},[53,47700,46454],{"class":256},[53,47702,253],{"class":252},[53,47704,75],{"class":67},[53,47706,78],{"class":71},[53,47708,1907],{"class":67},[14,47710,328],{},[44,47712,47713],{"className":46,"code":2828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,47714,47715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47716,47717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47718,2828],{"class":71},[14,47720,47721,47724],{},[18,47722,47723],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[140,47726,47727,47732,47737],{},[143,47728,47729],{},[18,47730,47731],{},"1 × 4",[143,47733,47734],{},[18,47735,47736],{},"0 × 2",[143,47738,47739],{},[18,47740,47741],{},"1 × 1",[14,47743,47744,47745,95],{},"So the result is ",[18,47746,2017],{},[830,47748,47750],{"id":47749},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[44,47752,47754],{"className":46,"code":47753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47755,47756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47757,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47759,115],{"class":114},[53,47761,102],{"class":67},[53,47763,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47765,102],{"class":67},[53,47767,253],{"class":252},[53,47769,46879],{"class":256},[53,47771,253],{"class":252},[53,47773,75],{"class":67},[53,47775,1644],{"class":71},[53,47777,1907],{"class":67},[14,47779,328],{},[44,47781,47782],{"className":46,"code":46908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,47783,47784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47785,47786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47787,46908],{"class":71},[830,47789,47791],{"id":47790},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47793,16,47794,47796],{},[18,47795,47676],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47798,47799],{},"Good:",[44,47801,47802],{"className":46,"code":47684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,47803,47804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47805,47806,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47807,115],{"class":114},[53,47809,102],{"class":67},[53,47811,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47813,102],{"class":67},[53,47815,253],{"class":252},[53,47817,46454],{"class":256},[53,47819,253],{"class":252},[53,47821,75],{"class":67},[53,47823,78],{"class":71},[53,47825,1907],{"class":67},[14,47827,47828],{},"Not correct:",[44,47830,47832],{"className":46,"code":47831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,47833,47834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47835,47836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47837,47831],{"class":127},[14,47839,47840,47841,8468,47843,47845],{},"That causes a ",[18,47842,2885],{},[18,47844,47676],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[39,47847,47849],{"id":47848},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47851,47852,47853,47855,47856,4269,47858,95],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,47854,2757],{}," are ",[18,47857,40566],{},[18,47859,2885],{},[830,47861,47862],{"id":41376},[18,47863,40566],{},[14,47865,47866],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47868,235],{},[44,47870,47872],{"className":46,"code":47871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47873,47874,47880,47898,47910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47875,47876,47878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47877,29670],{"class":1558},[53,47879,6265],{"class":67},[53,47881,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,47883,7936],{"class":114},[53,47885,102],{"class":67},[53,47887,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47889,102],{"class":67},[53,47891,253],{"class":252},[53,47893,40006],{"class":256},[53,47895,253],{"class":252},[53,47897,1907],{"class":67},[53,47899,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,47901,29701],{"class":1558},[53,47903,41789],{"class":2782},[53,47905,47220],{"class":1558},[53,47907,47223],{"class":59},[53,47909,6265],{"class":67},[53,47911,47912,47914,47916,47918],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,47913,7936],{"class":114},[53,47915,102],{"class":67},[53,47917,47252],{"class":98},[53,47919,108],{"class":67},[14,47921,328],{},[44,47923,47925],{"className":46,"code":47924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,47926,47927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47928,47929,47932,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47930,47931],{"class":59},"invalid literal ",[53,47933,1559],{"class":1558},[53,47935,45139],{"class":2782},[53,47937,7235],{"class":67},[53,47939,47288],{"class":1558},[53,47941,47291],{"class":59},[53,47943,539],{"class":71},[53,47945,597],{"class":67},[53,47947,350],{"class":252},[53,47949,40006],{"class":256},[53,47951,29566],{"class":252},[14,47953,47954,47955,47958,47959,47961],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,47956,47957],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,47960,2757],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[44,47963,47965],{"className":46,"code":47964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,47966,47967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47968,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47970,115],{"class":114},[53,47972,102],{"class":67},[53,47974,2071],{"class":2782},[53,47976,102],{"class":67},[53,47978,2075],{"class":2782},[53,47980,102],{"class":67},[53,47982,253],{"class":252},[53,47984,40006],{"class":256},[53,47986,253],{"class":252},[53,47988,2793],{"class":67},[14,47990,328],{},[44,47992,47993],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,47994,47995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47996,47997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47998,46479],{"class":71},[14,48000,48001,48002,4269,48005,95],{},"If you see this often, read ",[183,48003,48004],{"href":2843},"how to convert string to int in Python",[183,48006,25545,48007],{"href":45779},[18,48008,45780],{},[830,48010,48011],{"id":41442},[18,48012,2885],{},[14,48014,48015],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48017,235],{},[44,48019,48021],{"className":46,"code":48020,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48022,48023,48029,48043,48056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48024,48025,48027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48026,29670],{"class":1558},[53,48028,6265],{"class":67},[53,48030,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039,48041],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48032,7936],{"class":114},[53,48034,102],{"class":67},[53,48036,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48038,102],{"class":67},[53,48040,232],{"class":369},[53,48042,1907],{"class":67},[53,48044,48045,48047,48050,48052,48054],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48046,29701],{"class":1558},[53,48048,48049],{"class":2782}," TypeError",[53,48051,47220],{"class":1558},[53,48053,47223],{"class":59},[53,48055,6265],{"class":67},[53,48057,48058,48060,48062,48064],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,48059,7936],{"class":114},[53,48061,102],{"class":67},[53,48063,47252],{"class":98},[53,48065,108],{"class":67},[14,48067,328],{},[44,48069,48071],{"className":46,"code":48070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48072,48073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48074,48075,48077,48079,48082,48084,48086,48089,48091,48094,48096,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48110],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48076,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48078,7235],{"class":67},[53,48080,48081],{"class":59}," argument must be a string",[53,48083,75],{"class":67},[53,48085,44407],{"class":59},[53,48087,48088],{"class":2782},"bytes",[53,48090,1901],{"class":63},[53,48092,48093],{"class":59},"like ",[53,48095,42261],{"class":2782},[53,48097,48098],{"class":63}," or",[53,48100,40702],{"class":59},[53,48102,75],{"class":67},[53,48104,7967],{"class":63},[53,48106,350],{"class":252},[53,48108,48109],{"class":256},"NoneType",[53,48111,29566],{"class":252},[14,48113,48114,48115,48117],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48116,47676],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[44,48119,48121],{"className":46,"code":48120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48122,48123,48129,48147,48159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48124,48125,48127],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48126,29670],{"class":1558},[53,48128,6265],{"class":67},[53,48130,48131,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141,48143,48145],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48132,7936],{"class":114},[53,48134,102],{"class":67},[53,48136,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48138,102],{"class":67},[53,48140,46454],{"class":71},[53,48142,75],{"class":67},[53,48144,78],{"class":71},[53,48146,1907],{"class":67},[53,48148,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48150,29701],{"class":1558},[53,48152,48049],{"class":2782},[53,48154,47220],{"class":1558},[53,48156,47223],{"class":59},[53,48158,6265],{"class":67},[53,48160,48161,48163,48165,48167],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,48162,7936],{"class":114},[53,48164,102],{"class":67},[53,48166,47252],{"class":98},[53,48168,108],{"class":67},[14,48170,328],{},[44,48172,48174],{"className":46,"code":48173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48175,48176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48177,48178,48180,48182,48185,48187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48179,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48181,7235],{"class":67},[53,48183,48184],{"class":59}," can",[53,48186,341],{"class":252},[53,48188,48189],{"class":256},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[39,48191,4835,48193],{"id":48192},"when-to-use-int",[18,48194,2757],{},[14,48196,131,48197,48199],{},[18,48198,2757],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48201,48202],{},"Common uses:",[140,48204,48205,48211,48214,48217],{},[143,48206,48207,48208,48210],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48209,2839],{}," into integers",[143,48212,48213],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[143,48215,48216],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[143,48218,48219,48220,36477],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48221,47676],{},[14,48223,48224],{},"Example with user input:",[44,48226,48228],{"className":46,"code":48227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48229,48230,48244,48259,48263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48231,48232,48235,48237,48239,48242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48233,48234],{"class":59},"age_text ",[53,48236,64],{"class":63},[53,48238,264],{"class":252},[53,48240,48241],{"class":256},"18",[53,48243,3239],{"class":252},[53,48245,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254,48257],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48247,21493],{"class":59},[53,48249,64],{"class":63},[53,48251,45139],{"class":2782},[53,48253,102],{"class":67},[53,48255,48256],{"class":98},"age_text",[53,48258,108],{"class":67},[53,48260,48261],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48262,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,48264,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,48266,115],{"class":114},[53,48268,102],{"class":67},[53,48270,21493],{"class":98},[53,48272,1940],{"class":63},[53,48274,5371],{"class":71},[53,48276,108],{"class":67},[14,48278,328],{},[44,48280,48282],{"className":46,"code":48281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19\n",[18,48283,48284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48285,48286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48287,48281],{"class":71},[39,48289,2709],{"id":2708},[14,48291,14596,48292,95],{},[18,48293,2757],{},[830,48295,48297],{"id":48296},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48299,48300],{},"This fails:",[44,48302,48304],{"className":46,"code":48303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48305,48306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48307,48308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48309,48303],{"class":127},[14,48311,48312,48313,48316],{},"Why: ",[18,48314,48315],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48318,18705],{},[44,48320,48322],{"className":46,"code":48321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48323,48324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48325,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48327,115],{"class":114},[53,48329,102],{"class":67},[53,48331,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48333,102],{"class":67},[53,48335,2075],{"class":2782},[53,48337,102],{"class":67},[53,48339,253],{"class":252},[53,48341,40986],{"class":256},[53,48343,253],{"class":252},[53,48345,2793],{"class":67},[830,48347,48349],{"id":48348},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48351,48300],{},[44,48353,48355],{"className":46,"code":48354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48356,48357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48358,48359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48360,48354],{"class":127},[14,48362,48363],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[830,48365,48367,48368],{"id":48366},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48369,48370],{},"int(None)",[14,48372,48373,48374,48376],{},"This fails because ",[18,48375,232],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[44,48378,48380],{"className":46,"code":48379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48381,48382,48391,48395,48401,48415,48427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48383,48384,48386,48388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48385,2325],{"class":59},[53,48387,64],{"class":63},[53,48389,48390],{"class":369}," None\n",[53,48392,48393],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48394,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,48396,48397,48399],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48398,29670],{"class":1558},[53,48400,6265],{"class":67},[53,48402,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,48404,7936],{"class":114},[53,48406,102],{"class":67},[53,48408,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48410,102],{"class":67},[53,48412,2350],{"class":98},[53,48414,1907],{"class":67},[53,48416,48417,48419,48421,48423,48425],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,48418,29701],{"class":1558},[53,48420,48049],{"class":2782},[53,48422,47220],{"class":1558},[53,48424,47223],{"class":59},[53,48426,6265],{"class":67},[53,48428,48429,48431,48433,48435],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,48430,7936],{"class":114},[53,48432,102],{"class":67},[53,48434,47252],{"class":98},[53,48436,108],{"class":67},[830,48438,48440],{"id":48439},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48442,48300],{},[44,48444,48445],{"className":46,"code":47831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,48446,48447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48448,48449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48450,47831],{"class":127},[14,48452,48453],{},"Use a string instead:",[44,48455,48456],{"className":46,"code":47684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,48457,48458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48459,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48461,115],{"class":114},[53,48463,102],{"class":67},[53,48465,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48467,102],{"class":67},[53,48469,253],{"class":252},[53,48471,46454],{"class":256},[53,48473,253],{"class":252},[53,48475,75],{"class":67},[53,48477,78],{"class":71},[53,48479,1907],{"class":67},[830,48481,8319,48483,48485],{"id":48482},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48484,2757],{}," to round",[14,48487,48488],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[44,48490,48492],{"className":46,"code":48491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48493,48494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48495,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48497,115],{"class":114},[53,48499,102],{"class":67},[53,48501,2071],{"class":2782},[53,48503,102],{"class":67},[53,48505,48506],{"class":71},"4.9",[53,48508,1907],{"class":67},[14,48510,328],{},[44,48512,48514],{"className":46,"code":48513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n",[18,48515,48516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48517,48518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48519,48513],{"class":71},[14,48521,1374,48522,48524,48525,48527],{},[18,48523,2017],{},", remember that ",[18,48526,2757],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[39,48529,1650],{"id":1649},[830,48531,12570,48533,48535],{"id":48532},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48534,2757],{}," round numbers?",[14,48537,1657,48538,48540],{},[18,48539,2757],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[830,48542,5033,48544,48547],{"id":48543},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48545,48546],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48549,28927,48550,48552,48553,48555,48556,39792],{},[18,48551,47957],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48554,2764],{}," first, then use ",[18,48557,2757],{},[830,48559,5017,48561,12582],{"id":48560},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48562,48563],{},"int(True)",[14,48565,5023,48566,28179,48568,717,48570,95],{},[18,48567,72],{},[18,48569,3552],{},[18,48571,2000],{},[830,48573,48575],{"id":48574},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48577,48578],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[39,48580,1782],{"id":1781},[140,48582,48583,48589,48595,48601,48606,48610,48616],{},[143,48584,48585],{},[183,48586,48587,3390],{"href":2761},[18,48588,2764],{},[143,48590,48591],{},[183,48592,48593,3390],{"href":42037},[18,48594,47546],{},[143,48596,48597],{},[183,48598,48599,3390],{"href":5653},[18,48600,3692],{},[143,48602,48603],{},[183,48604,48605],{"href":2843},"How to convert string to int in Python",[143,48607,48608],{},[183,48609,8926],{"href":8848},[143,48611,48612],{},[183,48613,48614,3390],{"href":8087},[18,48615,2839],{},[143,48617,48618],{},[183,48619,30214,48620],{"href":45779},[18,48621,45780],{},[1810,48623,48624],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":48626},[48627,48628,48630,48634,48639,48641,48643,48648,48652,48654,48663,48672],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":46491,"depth":89,"text":48629},"What int() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":48631},[48632,48633],{"id":46682,"depth":111,"text":46685},{"id":46782,"depth":111,"text":46785},{"id":46918,"depth":89,"text":48635,"children":48636},"Using int() with strings",[48637,48638],{"id":47040,"depth":111,"text":47041},{"id":47128,"depth":111,"text":47129},{"id":47403,"depth":89,"text":48640},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47549,"depth":89,"text":48642},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47669,"depth":89,"text":47670,"children":48644},[48645,48646,48647],{"id":47680,"depth":111,"text":47681},{"id":47749,"depth":111,"text":47750},{"id":47790,"depth":111,"text":47791},{"id":47848,"depth":89,"text":47849,"children":48649},[48650,48651],{"id":41376,"depth":111,"text":40566},{"id":41442,"depth":111,"text":2885},{"id":48192,"depth":89,"text":48653},"When to use int()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":48655},[48656,48657,48658,48660,48661],{"id":48296,"depth":111,"text":48297},{"id":48348,"depth":111,"text":48349},{"id":48366,"depth":111,"text":48659},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48439,"depth":111,"text":48440},{"id":48482,"depth":111,"text":48662},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":48664},[48665,48667,48669,48671],{"id":48532,"depth":111,"text":48666},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48543,"depth":111,"text":48668},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48560,"depth":111,"text":48670},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48574,"depth":111,"text":48575},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41959,"description":48673},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48680,"title":48681,"body":48682,"description":50518,"extension":1841,"meta":50519,"navigation":301,"path":44665,"seo":50520,"stem":50521,"__hash__":50522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48683,"toc":50474},[48684,48689,48694,48702,48711,48713,48772,48778,48783,48788,48791,48819,48822,48825,48836,48846,48848,48850,48870,48874,48902,48904,48943,48945,48953,48955,48958,48962,49015,49017,49029,49033,49090,49092,49104,49110,49116,49120,49123,49126,49192,49194,49206,49212,49214,49266,49269,49310,49313,49320,49329,49335,49338,49371,49377,49380,49411,49417,49420,49432,49436,49441,49445,49603,49605,49620,49623,49627,49731,49733,49750,49754,49815,49817,49825,49828,49832,49899,49901,49910,49916,49918,49927,49929,49964,49969,49971,50001,50005,50007,50044,50047,50049,50086,50092,50094,50144,50146,50154,50164,50170,50174,50179,50228,50230,50243,50246,50248,50251,50326,50329,50348,50351,50381,50391,50393,50398,50405,50411,50417,50424,50432,50438,50441,50443,50471],[10,48685,3457,48687,3461],{"id":48686},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48688,44668],{},[14,48690,48691,48693],{},[18,48692,44668],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48695,48696,48697,2758,48699,48701],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48698,573],{},[18,48700,3552],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48703,48704,48705,48707,48708,48710],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48706,44668],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48709,2181],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[39,48712,42],{"id":41},[44,48714,48716],{"className":46,"code":48715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48717,48718,48726,48730,48751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48719,48720,48722,48724],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48721,2325],{"class":59},[53,48723,64],{"class":63},[53,48725,2465],{"class":71},[53,48727,48728],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48729,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,48731,48732,48734,48736,48739,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48733,115],{"class":114},[53,48735,102],{"class":67},[53,48737,48738],{"class":114},"isinstance",[53,48740,102],{"class":67},[53,48742,2350],{"class":98},[53,48744,75],{"class":67},[53,48746,45139],{"class":2782},[53,48748,5236],{"class":67},[53,48750,43717],{"class":127},[53,48752,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48768,48770],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,48754,115],{"class":114},[53,48756,102],{"class":67},[53,48758,48738],{"class":114},[53,48760,102],{"class":67},[53,48762,2350],{"class":98},[53,48764,75],{"class":67},[53,48766,48767],{"class":2782}," str",[53,48769,5236],{"class":67},[53,48771,43734],{"class":127},[14,48773,131,48774,48777],{},[18,48775,48776],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[39,48779,3556,48781,3559],{"id":48780},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48782,44668],{},[14,48784,48785,48787],{},[18,48786,44668],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48789,48790],{},"It:",[140,48792,48793,48796,48802,48805],{},[143,48794,48795],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[143,48797,11292,48798,2758,48800],{},[18,48799,573],{},[18,48801,3552],{},[143,48803,48804],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[143,48806,48807,48808,2072,48810,2072,48812,2072,48814,16937,48817],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,48809,3324],{},[18,48811,2071],{},[18,48813,7961],{},[18,48815,48816],{},"tuple",[18,48818,8689],{},[14,48820,48821],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48823,48824],{},"For example, you might want to:",[140,48826,48827,48830,48833],{},[143,48828,48829],{},"loop through a list",[143,48831,48832],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[143,48834,48835],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48837,48838,48839,2758,48842,95],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[183,48840,44660],{"href":48841},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[183,48843,48845],{"href":48844},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[39,48847,2039],{"id":2038},[14,48849,2042],{},[44,48851,48853],{"className":46,"code":48852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,48854,48855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48856,48857,48859,48861,48863,48865,48868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48858,48738],{"class":114},[53,48860,102],{"class":67},[53,48862,42261],{"class":2782},[53,48864,75],{"class":67},[53,48866,48867],{"class":98}," classinfo",[53,48869,108],{"class":67},[830,48871,48873],{"id":48872},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[140,48875,48876,48881,48895],{},[143,48877,48878,48880],{},[18,48879,42261],{}," is the value you want to test",[143,48882,48883,48886,48887,2072,48889,2072,48891,2076,48893],{},[18,48884,48885],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,48888,2071],{},[18,48890,3324],{},[18,48892,7961],{},[18,48894,8689],{},[143,48896,48897,48898,2758,48900],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,48899,573],{},[18,48901,3552],{},[14,48903,235],{},[44,48905,48907],{"className":46,"code":48906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,48908,48909,48921,48925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48910,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48912,7743],{"class":59},[53,48914,64],{"class":63},[53,48916,264],{"class":252},[53,48918,11376],{"class":256},[53,48920,3239],{"class":252},[53,48922,48923],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48924,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,48926,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48928,115],{"class":114},[53,48930,102],{"class":67},[53,48932,48738],{"class":114},[53,48934,102],{"class":67},[53,48936,592],{"class":98},[53,48938,75],{"class":67},[53,48940,48767],{"class":2782},[53,48942,1907],{"class":67},[14,48944,328],{},[44,48946,48947],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,48948,48949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48950,48951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48952,3855],{"class":369},[39,48954,385],{"id":384},[14,48956,48957],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[830,48959,48961],{"id":48960},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[44,48963,48965],{"className":46,"code":48964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,48966,48967,48975,48979,48997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48968,48969,48971,48973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48970,2325],{"class":59},[53,48972,64],{"class":63},[53,48974,45088],{"class":71},[53,48976,48977],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,48978,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,48980,48981,48983,48985,48987,48989,48991,48993,48995],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,48982,115],{"class":114},[53,48984,102],{"class":67},[53,48986,48738],{"class":114},[53,48988,102],{"class":67},[53,48990,2350],{"class":98},[53,48992,75],{"class":67},[53,48994,45139],{"class":2782},[53,48996,1907],{"class":67},[53,48998,48999,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49000,115],{"class":114},[53,49002,102],{"class":67},[53,49004,48738],{"class":114},[53,49006,102],{"class":67},[53,49008,2350],{"class":98},[53,49010,75],{"class":67},[53,49012,48767],{"class":2782},[53,49014,1907],{"class":67},[14,49016,328],{},[44,49018,49019],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,49020,49021,49025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49022,49023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49024,3855],{"class":369},[53,49026,49027],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49028,3916],{"class":369},[830,49030,49032],{"id":49031},"check-text","Check text",[44,49034,49036],{"className":46,"code":49035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49037,49038,49050,49054,49072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49039,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49041,34551],{"class":59},[53,49043,64],{"class":63},[53,49045,264],{"class":252},[53,49047,556],{"class":256},[53,49049,3239],{"class":252},[53,49051,49052],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49053,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49055,49056,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49057,115],{"class":114},[53,49059,102],{"class":67},[53,49061,48738],{"class":114},[53,49063,102],{"class":67},[53,49065,34572],{"class":98},[53,49067,75],{"class":67},[53,49069,48767],{"class":2782},[53,49071,1907],{"class":67},[53,49073,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49075,115],{"class":114},[53,49077,102],{"class":67},[53,49079,48738],{"class":114},[53,49081,102],{"class":67},[53,49083,34572],{"class":98},[53,49085,75],{"class":67},[53,49087,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49089,1907],{"class":67},[14,49091,328],{},[44,49093,49094],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,49095,49096,49100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49097,49098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49099,3855],{"class":369},[53,49101,49102],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49103,3916],{"class":369},[14,49105,49106,49107,49109],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49108,44668],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49111,49112,49113,95],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[183,49114,49115],{"href":2843},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[39,49117,49119],{"id":49118},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49121,49122],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49124,49125],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[44,49127,49129],{"className":46,"code":49128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49130,49131,49140,49144,49168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49132,49133,49135,49137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49134,2325],{"class":59},[53,49136,64],{"class":63},[53,49138,49139],{"class":71}," 3.5\n",[53,49141,49142],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49143,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49145,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49147,115],{"class":114},[53,49149,102],{"class":67},[53,49151,48738],{"class":114},[53,49153,102],{"class":67},[53,49155,2350],{"class":98},[53,49157,75],{"class":67},[53,49159,9103],{"class":67},[53,49161,2071],{"class":2782},[53,49163,75],{"class":67},[53,49165,40118],{"class":2782},[53,49167,2793],{"class":67},[53,49169,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188,49190],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49171,115],{"class":114},[53,49173,102],{"class":67},[53,49175,48738],{"class":114},[53,49177,102],{"class":67},[53,49179,2350],{"class":98},[53,49181,75],{"class":67},[53,49183,9103],{"class":67},[53,49185,3324],{"class":2782},[53,49187,75],{"class":67},[53,49189,22425],{"class":2782},[53,49191,2793],{"class":67},[14,49193,328],{},[44,49195,49196],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,49197,49198,49202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49199,49200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49201,3855],{"class":369},[53,49203,49204],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49205,3916],{"class":369},[14,49207,49208,49209,49211],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49210,40699],{}," conditions.",[14,49213,8166],{},[44,49215,49217],{"className":46,"code":49216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49218,49219,49227,49231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49220,49221,49223,49225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49222,2325],{"class":59},[53,49224,64],{"class":63},[53,49226,49139],{"class":71},[53,49228,49229],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49230,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49232,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49254,49256,49258,49260,49262,49264],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49234,115],{"class":114},[53,49236,102],{"class":67},[53,49238,3102],{"class":2782},[53,49240,102],{"class":67},[53,49242,2350],{"class":98},[53,49244,3539],{"class":67},[53,49246,6280],{"class":63},[53,49248,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49250,48098],{"class":1558},[53,49252,49253],{"class":2782}," type",[53,49255,102],{"class":67},[53,49257,2350],{"class":98},[53,49259,3539],{"class":67},[53,49261,6280],{"class":63},[53,49263,40118],{"class":2782},[53,49265,108],{"class":67},[14,49267,49268],{},"you can write this:",[44,49270,49272],{"className":46,"code":49271,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49273,49274,49282,49286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49275,49276,49278,49280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49277,2325],{"class":59},[53,49279,64],{"class":63},[53,49281,49139],{"class":71},[53,49283,49284],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49285,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49287,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49289,115],{"class":114},[53,49291,102],{"class":67},[53,49293,48738],{"class":114},[53,49295,102],{"class":67},[53,49297,2350],{"class":98},[53,49299,75],{"class":67},[53,49301,9103],{"class":67},[53,49303,2071],{"class":2782},[53,49305,75],{"class":67},[53,49307,40118],{"class":2782},[53,49309,2793],{"class":67},[14,49311,49312],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[39,49314,49316,10452,49318],{"id":49315},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49317,44668],{},[18,49319,2181],{},[14,49321,10457,49322,4269,49324,49328],{},[18,49323,44668],{},[183,49325,49326],{"href":2178},[18,49327,2181],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[830,49330,49332],{"id":49331},"typevalue-int",[18,49333,49334],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49336,49337],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[44,49339,49341],{"className":46,"code":49340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49342,49343,49351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49344,49345,49347,49349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49346,2325],{"class":59},[53,49348,64],{"class":63},[53,49350,2465],{"class":71},[53,49352,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49354,115],{"class":114},[53,49356,102],{"class":67},[53,49358,3102],{"class":2782},[53,49360,102],{"class":67},[53,49362,2350],{"class":98},[53,49364,3539],{"class":67},[53,49366,6280],{"class":63},[53,49368,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49370,108],{"class":67},[830,49372,49374],{"id":49373},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49375,49376],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49378,49379],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[44,49381,49383],{"className":46,"code":49382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49384,49385,49393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49386,49387,49389,49391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49388,2325],{"class":59},[53,49390,64],{"class":63},[53,49392,2465],{"class":71},[53,49394,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49396,115],{"class":114},[53,49398,102],{"class":67},[53,49400,48738],{"class":114},[53,49402,102],{"class":67},[53,49404,2350],{"class":98},[53,49406,75],{"class":67},[53,49408,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49410,1907],{"class":67},[14,49412,49413,49414,49416],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49415,44668],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49418,49419],{},"In everyday code:",[140,49421,49422,49427],{},[143,49423,39853,49424,49426],{},[18,49425,2181],{}," when you need the exact type",[143,49428,39853,49429,49431],{},[18,49430,44668],{}," when you want a practical type check",[39,49433,49435],{"id":49434},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49437,49438,49439,95],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49440,44668],{},[830,49442,49444],{"id":49443},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[44,49446,49448],{"className":46,"code":49447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49449,49450,49468,49487,49499,49504,49522,49533,49537,49549,49553,49577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49451,49452,49454,49457,49459,49461,49463,49466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49453,34715],{"class":1945},[53,49455,49456],{"class":34718}," repeat_text",[53,49458,102],{"class":67},[53,49460,34572],{"class":37525},[53,49462,75],{"class":67},[53,49464,49465],{"class":37525}," count",[53,49467,1580],{"class":67},[53,49469,49470,49472,49474,49477,49479,49481,49483,49485],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49471,6270],{"class":1558},[53,49473,7967],{"class":63},[53,49475,49476],{"class":114}," isinstance",[53,49478,102],{"class":67},[53,49480,34572],{"class":98},[53,49482,75],{"class":67},[53,49484,48767],{"class":2782},[53,49486,1580],{"class":67},[53,49488,49489,49492,49494,49497],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49490,49491],{"class":1558},"        return",[53,49493,264],{"class":252},[53,49495,49496],{"class":256},"text must be a string",[53,49498,3239],{"class":252},[53,49500,49501],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49502,49503],{"class":59},"    \n",[53,49505,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,49507,6270],{"class":1558},[53,49509,7967],{"class":63},[53,49511,49476],{"class":114},[53,49513,102],{"class":67},[53,49515,41122],{"class":98},[53,49517,75],{"class":67},[53,49519,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49521,1580],{"class":67},[53,49523,49524,49526,49528,49531],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,49525,49491],{"class":1558},[53,49527,264],{"class":252},[53,49529,49530],{"class":256},"count must be an integer",[53,49532,3239],{"class":252},[53,49534,49535],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,49536,49503],{"class":59},[53,49538,49539,49541,49544,49546],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,49540,34726],{"class":1558},[53,49542,49543],{"class":59}," text ",[53,49545,1597],{"class":63},[53,49547,49548],{"class":59}," count\n",[53,49550,49551],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,49552,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49554,49555,49557,49559,49562,49564,49566,49569,49571,49573,49575],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,49556,115],{"class":114},[53,49558,102],{"class":67},[53,49560,49561],{"class":98},"repeat_text",[53,49563,102],{"class":67},[53,49565,253],{"class":252},[53,49567,49568],{"class":256},"Hi ",[53,49570,253],{"class":252},[53,49572,75],{"class":67},[53,49574,83],{"class":71},[53,49576,1907],{"class":67},[53,49578,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601],{"class":55,"line":11462},[53,49580,115],{"class":114},[53,49582,102],{"class":67},[53,49584,49561],{"class":98},[53,49586,102],{"class":67},[53,49588,253],{"class":252},[53,49590,49568],{"class":256},[53,49592,253],{"class":252},[53,49594,75],{"class":67},[53,49596,264],{"class":252},[53,49598,754],{"class":256},[53,49600,253],{"class":252},[53,49602,1907],{"class":67},[14,49604,328],{},[44,49606,49608],{"className":46,"code":49607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49609,49610,49615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49611,49612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49613,49614],{"class":59},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[53,49616,49617],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49618,49619],{"class":59},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49621,49622],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[830,49624,49626],{"id":49625},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[44,49628,49630],{"className":46,"code":49629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49631,49632,49664,49668,49684,49699,49716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49633,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49635,2325],{"class":59},[53,49637,64],{"class":63},[53,49639,68],{"class":67},[53,49641,253],{"class":252},[53,49643,183],{"class":256},[53,49645,253],{"class":252},[53,49647,75],{"class":67},[53,49649,264],{"class":252},[53,49651,1453],{"class":256},[53,49653,253],{"class":252},[53,49655,75],{"class":67},[53,49657,264],{"class":252},[53,49659,1428],{"class":256},[53,49661,253],{"class":252},[53,49663,86],{"class":67},[53,49665,49666],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49667,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49669,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49671,6867],{"class":1558},[53,49673,49476],{"class":114},[53,49675,102],{"class":67},[53,49677,2350],{"class":98},[53,49679,75],{"class":67},[53,49681,48767],{"class":2782},[53,49683,1580],{"class":67},[53,49685,49686,49688,49690,49692,49695,49697],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49687,7936],{"class":114},[53,49689,102],{"class":67},[53,49691,253],{"class":252},[53,49693,49694],{"class":256},"This is text",[53,49696,253],{"class":252},[53,49698,108],{"class":67},[53,49700,49701,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,49702,49703],{"class":1558},"elif",[53,49705,49476],{"class":114},[53,49707,102],{"class":67},[53,49709,2350],{"class":98},[53,49711,75],{"class":67},[53,49713,22425],{"class":2782},[53,49715,1580],{"class":67},[53,49717,49718,49720,49722,49724,49727,49729],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,49719,7936],{"class":114},[53,49721,102],{"class":67},[53,49723,253],{"class":252},[53,49725,49726],{"class":256},"This is a list",[53,49728,253],{"class":252},[53,49730,108],{"class":67},[14,49732,328],{},[44,49734,49736],{"className":46,"code":49735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a list\n",[18,49737,49738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49739,49740,49743,49745,49747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49741,49742],{"class":59},"This ",[53,49744,12059],{"class":63},[53,49746,44407],{"class":59},[53,49748,49749],{"class":2782},"list\n",[830,49751,49753],{"id":49752},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[44,49755,49757],{"className":46,"code":49756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49758,49759,49771,49775,49791,49805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49760,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49762,2325],{"class":59},[53,49764,64],{"class":63},[53,49766,264],{"class":252},[53,49768,46388],{"class":256},[53,49770,3239],{"class":252},[53,49772,49773],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49774,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49776,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49778,6867],{"class":1558},[53,49780,49476],{"class":114},[53,49782,102],{"class":67},[53,49784,2350],{"class":98},[53,49786,75],{"class":67},[53,49788,48767],{"class":2782},[53,49790,1580],{"class":67},[53,49792,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49794,41753],{"class":59},[53,49796,64],{"class":63},[53,49798,45139],{"class":2782},[53,49800,102],{"class":67},[53,49802,2350],{"class":98},[53,49804,108],{"class":67},[53,49806,49807,49809,49811,49813],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,49808,7936],{"class":114},[53,49810,102],{"class":67},[53,49812,2120],{"class":98},[53,49814,108],{"class":67},[14,49816,328],{},[44,49818,49819],{"className":46,"code":46474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,49820,49821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49822,49823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49824,46474],{"class":71},[14,49826,49827],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[830,49829,49831],{"id":49830},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[44,49833,49835],{"className":46,"code":49834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,49836,49837,49861,49865,49881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49840,2325],{"class":59},[53,49842,64],{"class":63},[53,49844,679],{"class":67},[53,49846,253],{"class":252},[53,49848,592],{"class":256},[53,49850,253],{"class":252},[53,49852,597],{"class":67},[53,49854,264],{"class":252},[53,49856,12747],{"class":256},[53,49858,253],{"class":252},[53,49860,9176],{"class":67},[53,49862,49863],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49864,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,49866,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,49868,6867],{"class":1558},[53,49870,49476],{"class":114},[53,49872,102],{"class":67},[53,49874,2350],{"class":98},[53,49876,75],{"class":67},[53,49878,9038],{"class":2782},[53,49880,1580],{"class":67},[53,49882,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,49884,7936],{"class":114},[53,49886,102],{"class":67},[53,49888,2350],{"class":98},[53,49890,338],{"class":67},[53,49892,253],{"class":252},[53,49894,592],{"class":256},[53,49896,253],{"class":252},[53,49898,632],{"class":67},[14,49900,328],{},[44,49902,49904],{"className":46,"code":49903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n",[18,49905,49906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49907,49908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49909,49903],{"class":59},[14,49911,49912,49913,49915],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,49914,2885],{}," messages later.",[39,49917,1039],{"id":1038},[830,49919,49921,49922,10959,49925],{"id":49920},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,49923,49924],{},"\"int\"",[18,49926,2071],{},[14,49928,16508],{},[44,49930,49932],{"className":46,"code":49931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,49933,49934,49942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49935,49936,49938,49940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49937,2325],{"class":59},[53,49939,64],{"class":63},[53,49941,2465],{"class":71},[53,49943,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49945,115],{"class":114},[53,49947,102],{"class":67},[53,49949,48738],{"class":114},[53,49951,102],{"class":67},[53,49953,2350],{"class":98},[53,49955,75],{"class":67},[53,49957,264],{"class":252},[53,49959,2071],{"class":256},[53,49961,253],{"class":252},[53,49963,1907],{"class":67},[14,49965,49966,49968],{},[18,49967,49924],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49970,16520],{},[44,49972,49973],{"className":46,"code":49382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,49974,49975,49983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49976,49977,49979,49981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49978,2325],{"class":59},[53,49980,64],{"class":63},[53,49982,2465],{"class":71},[53,49984,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,49986,115],{"class":114},[53,49988,102],{"class":67},[53,49990,48738],{"class":114},[53,49992,102],{"class":67},[53,49994,2350],{"class":98},[53,49996,75],{"class":67},[53,49998,45139],{"class":2782},[53,50000,1907],{"class":67},[830,50002,50004],{"id":50003},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50006,16508],{},[44,50008,50010],{"className":46,"code":50009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50011,50012,50020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50013,50014,50016,50018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50015,2325],{"class":59},[53,50017,64],{"class":63},[53,50019,34706],{"class":71},[53,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50023,115],{"class":114},[53,50025,102],{"class":67},[53,50027,48738],{"class":114},[53,50029,102],{"class":67},[53,50031,2350],{"class":98},[53,50033,75],{"class":67},[53,50035,68],{"class":67},[53,50037,2071],{"class":2782},[53,50039,75],{"class":67},[53,50041,40118],{"class":2782},[53,50043,2879],{"class":67},[14,50045,50046],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50048,16520],{},[44,50050,50052],{"className":46,"code":50051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50053,50054,50062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50055,50056,50058,50060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50057,2325],{"class":59},[53,50059,64],{"class":63},[53,50061,34706],{"class":71},[53,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50065,115],{"class":114},[53,50067,102],{"class":67},[53,50069,48738],{"class":114},[53,50071,102],{"class":67},[53,50073,2350],{"class":98},[53,50075,75],{"class":67},[53,50077,9103],{"class":67},[53,50079,2071],{"class":2782},[53,50081,75],{"class":67},[53,50083,40118],{"class":2782},[53,50085,2793],{"class":67},[830,50087,25639,50089,50091],{"id":50088},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50090,44668],{}," converts a value",[14,50093,1229],{},[44,50095,50097],{"className":46,"code":50096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50098,50099,50112,50130,50134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50100,50101,50103,50105,50107,50110],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50102,2325],{"class":59},[53,50104,64],{"class":63},[53,50106,264],{"class":252},[53,50108,50109],{"class":256},"123",[53,50111,3239],{"class":252},[53,50113,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50115,276],{"class":59},[53,50117,64],{"class":63},[53,50119,49476],{"class":114},[53,50121,102],{"class":67},[53,50123,2350],{"class":98},[53,50125,75],{"class":67},[53,50127,45139],{"class":2782},[53,50129,108],{"class":67},[53,50131,50132],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50133,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,50135,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50137,115],{"class":114},[53,50139,102],{"class":67},[53,50141,323],{"class":98},[53,50143,108],{"class":67},[14,50145,328],{},[44,50147,50148],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,50149,50150],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50151,50152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50153,3916],{"class":369},[14,50155,50156,50157,50160,50161,50163],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50158,50159],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50162,50109],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50165,50166,50167,1381],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50168,50169],{},"int(value)",[830,50171,50173],{"id":50172},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50175,50176,50178],{},[18,50177,44668],{}," does not modify anything.",[44,50180,50182],{"className":46,"code":50181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50183,50184,50196,50200,50218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50185,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50187,2325],{"class":59},[53,50189,64],{"class":63},[53,50191,264],{"class":252},[53,50193,13421],{"class":256},[53,50195,3239],{"class":252},[53,50197,50198],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50199,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,50201,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50203,115],{"class":114},[53,50205,102],{"class":67},[53,50207,48738],{"class":114},[53,50209,102],{"class":67},[53,50211,2350],{"class":98},[53,50213,75],{"class":67},[53,50215,48767],{"class":2782},[53,50217,1907],{"class":67},[53,50219,50220,50222,50224,50226],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50221,115],{"class":114},[53,50223,102],{"class":67},[53,50225,2350],{"class":98},[53,50227,108],{"class":67},[14,50229,328],{},[44,50231,50233],{"className":46,"code":50232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n100\n",[18,50234,50235,50239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50236,50237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50238,3855],{"class":369},[53,50240,50241],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50242,47125],{"class":71},[14,50244,50245],{},"The value stays the same.",[39,50247,25807],{"id":25806},[14,50249,50250],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[44,50252,50254],{"className":46,"code":50253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50255,50256,50270,50288,50312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50257,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50259,115],{"class":114},[53,50261,102],{"class":67},[53,50263,3102],{"class":2782},[53,50265,102],{"class":67},[53,50267,2350],{"class":98},[53,50269,1907],{"class":67},[53,50271,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50273,115],{"class":114},[53,50275,102],{"class":67},[53,50277,48738],{"class":114},[53,50279,102],{"class":67},[53,50281,2350],{"class":98},[53,50283,75],{"class":67},[53,50285,45139],{"class":2782},[53,50287,1907],{"class":67},[53,50289,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308,50310],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50291,115],{"class":114},[53,50293,102],{"class":67},[53,50295,48738],{"class":114},[53,50297,102],{"class":67},[53,50299,2350],{"class":98},[53,50301,75],{"class":67},[53,50303,9103],{"class":67},[53,50305,2071],{"class":2782},[53,50307,75],{"class":67},[53,50309,40118],{"class":2782},[53,50311,2793],{"class":67},[53,50313,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50315,115],{"class":114},[53,50317,102],{"class":67},[53,50319,41642],{"class":114},[53,50321,102],{"class":67},[53,50323,2350],{"class":98},[53,50325,1907],{"class":67},[14,50327,50328],{},"These can help when:",[140,50330,50331,50334,50339,50342],{},[143,50332,50333],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[143,50335,50336,50337],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50338,2885],{},[143,50340,50341],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[143,50343,50344,50345,50347],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50346,44668],{}," is invalid",[14,50349,50350],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[140,50352,50353,50367,50373,50378],{},[143,50354,50355,50356,2758,50359,50362,50363,2758,50365],{},"using ",[18,50357,50358],{},"'int'",[18,50360,50361],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50364,2071],{},[18,50366,3324],{},[143,50368,50369,50370,50372],{},"expecting ",[18,50371,44668],{}," to convert a value",[143,50374,50355,50375,50377],{},[18,50376,2181],{}," when inherited types should also match",[143,50379,50380],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50382,50383,50384,95],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[183,50385,50387,50388],{"href":50386},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50389,50390],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[39,50392,1650],{"id":1649},[830,50394,5017,50396,5020],{"id":50395},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50397,44668],{},[14,50399,5023,50400,50402,50403,95],{},[18,50401,573],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50404,3552],{},[830,50406,5045,50408,50410],{"id":50407},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50409,44668],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50412,50413,50414,95],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50415,50416],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[830,50418,5055,50420,4269,50422,2370],{"id":50419},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50421,44668],{},[18,50423,2181],{},[14,50425,50426,50428,50429,50431],{},[18,50427,2181],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50430,44668],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[830,50433,12570,50435,50437],{"id":50434},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50436,44668],{}," convert a value?",[14,50439,50440],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[39,50442,1782],{"id":1781},[140,50444,50445,50451,50455,50460,50465],{},[143,50446,50447],{},[183,50448,3457,50449,3390],{"href":2178},[18,50450,2181],{},[143,50452,50453],{},[183,50454,44660],{"href":48841},[143,50456,50457],{},[183,50458,50459],{"href":2843},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[143,50461,50462],{},[183,50463,50464],{"href":48844},"What is a data type in Python?",[143,50466,50467],{},[183,50468,50387,50469],{"href":50386},[18,50470,50390],{},[1810,50472,50473],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":50475},[50476,50477,50479,50482,50486,50487,50492,50498,50506,50507,50517],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":48780,"depth":89,"text":50478},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":50480},[50481],{"id":48872,"depth":111,"text":48873},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385,"children":50483},[50484,50485],{"id":48960,"depth":111,"text":48961},{"id":49031,"depth":111,"text":49032},{"id":49118,"depth":89,"text":49119},{"id":49315,"depth":89,"text":50488,"children":50489},"isinstance() vs type()",[50490,50491],{"id":49331,"depth":111,"text":49334},{"id":49373,"depth":111,"text":49376},{"id":49434,"depth":89,"text":49435,"children":50493},[50494,50495,50496,50497],{"id":49443,"depth":111,"text":49444},{"id":49625,"depth":111,"text":49626},{"id":49752,"depth":111,"text":49753},{"id":49830,"depth":111,"text":49831},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":50499},[50500,50502,50503,50505],{"id":49920,"depth":111,"text":50501},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50003,"depth":111,"text":50004},{"id":50088,"depth":111,"text":50504},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50172,"depth":111,"text":50173},{"id":25806,"depth":89,"text":25807},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":50508},[50509,50511,50513,50515],{"id":50395,"depth":111,"text":50510},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50407,"depth":111,"text":50512},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50419,"depth":111,"text":50514},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50434,"depth":111,"text":50516},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48681,"description":50518},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50524,"title":50525,"body":50526,"description":52498,"extension":1841,"meta":52499,"navigation":301,"path":52500,"seo":52501,"stem":52502,"__hash__":52503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50527,"toc":52473},[50528,50531,50536,50541,50555,50558,50560,50635,50640,50644,50649,50652,50666,50668,50834,50846,50848,50850,50865,50868,50871,50884,50886,50984,50988,50994,50997,51006,51008,51043,51048,51069,51074,51079,51111,51114,51171,51175,51181,51184,51237,51239,51279,51282,51350,51353,51404,51411,51415,51421,51506,51512,51518,51567,51570,51573,51623,51625,51630,51634,51684,51688,51735,51739,51816,51820,51885,51888,51892,51897,51902,51914,51916,51935,51941,51944,51963,51968,51995,52002,52006,52012,52015,52110,52113,52116,52165,52170,52172,52176,52211,52214,52271,52281,52284,52318,52321,52323,52327,52330,52334,52337,52341,52344,52348,52361,52365,52370,52372,52422,52434,52436,52470],[10,50529,50525],{"id":50530},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50532,8991,50533,50535],{},[18,50534,42223],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50537,35270,50538,50540],{},[18,50539,42223],{}," to count:",[140,50542,50543,50546,50549,50552],{},[143,50544,50545],{},"characters in a string",[143,50547,50548],{},"items in a list or tuple",[143,50550,50551],{},"keys in a dictionary",[143,50553,50554],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50556,50557],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[39,50559,1882],{"id":1881},[44,50561,50563],{"className":46,"code":50562,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50564,50565,50577,50597,50601,50618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50566,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50568,34551],{"class":59},[53,50570,64],{"class":63},[53,50572,264],{"class":252},[53,50574,556],{"class":256},[53,50576,3239],{"class":252},[53,50578,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50580,516],{"class":59},[53,50582,64],{"class":63},[53,50584,68],{"class":67},[53,50586,539],{"class":71},[53,50588,75],{"class":67},[53,50590,7658],{"class":71},[53,50592,75],{"class":67},[53,50594,7663],{"class":71},[53,50596,86],{"class":67},[53,50598,50599],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50600,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,50602,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50604,115],{"class":114},[53,50606,102],{"class":67},[53,50608,11029],{"class":114},[53,50610,102],{"class":67},[53,50612,34572],{"class":98},[53,50614,5236],{"class":67},[53,50616,50617],{"class":127},"   # 5\n",[53,50619,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,50621,115],{"class":114},[53,50623,102],{"class":67},[53,50625,11029],{"class":114},[53,50627,102],{"class":67},[53,50629,530],{"class":98},[53,50631,5236],{"class":67},[53,50633,50634],{"class":127},"  # 3\n",[14,50636,131,50637,50639],{},[18,50638,42223],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[39,50641,50643],{"id":50642},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50645,50646,50648],{},[18,50647,42223],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50650,50651],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[140,50653,50654,50657,50660,50663],{},[143,50655,50656],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[143,50658,50659],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[143,50661,50662],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[143,50664,50665],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50667,235],{},[44,50669,50671],{"className":46,"code":50670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50672,50673,50685,50710,50742,50762,50766,50783,50800,50817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50674,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50676,7743],{"class":59},[53,50678,64],{"class":63},[53,50680,264],{"class":252},[53,50682,602],{"class":256},[53,50684,3239],{"class":252},[53,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50708],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50688,60],{"class":59},[53,50690,64],{"class":63},[53,50692,68],{"class":67},[53,50694,539],{"class":71},[53,50696,75],{"class":67},[53,50698,7658],{"class":71},[53,50700,75],{"class":67},[53,50702,7663],{"class":71},[53,50704,75],{"class":67},[53,50706,50707],{"class":71}," 40",[53,50709,86],{"class":67},[53,50711,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50713,1692],{"class":59},[53,50715,64],{"class":63},[53,50717,679],{"class":67},[53,50719,253],{"class":252},[53,50721,183],{"class":256},[53,50723,253],{"class":252},[53,50725,597],{"class":67},[53,50727,5371],{"class":71},[53,50729,75],{"class":67},[53,50731,264],{"class":252},[53,50733,1453],{"class":256},[53,50735,253],{"class":252},[53,50737,597],{"class":67},[53,50739,78],{"class":71},[53,50741,9176],{"class":67},[53,50743,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50745,3702],{"class":59},[53,50747,64],{"class":63},[53,50749,679],{"class":67},[53,50751,2017],{"class":71},[53,50753,75],{"class":67},[53,50755,37506],{"class":71},[53,50757,75],{"class":67},[53,50759,5865],{"class":71},[53,50761,9176],{"class":67},[53,50763,50764],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,50765,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,50767,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,50769,115],{"class":114},[53,50771,102],{"class":67},[53,50773,11029],{"class":114},[53,50775,102],{"class":67},[53,50777,592],{"class":98},[53,50779,5236],{"class":67},[53,50781,50782],{"class":127},"     # 3\n",[53,50784,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,50786,115],{"class":114},[53,50788,102],{"class":67},[53,50790,11029],{"class":114},[53,50792,102],{"class":67},[53,50794,92],{"class":98},[53,50796,5236],{"class":67},[53,50798,50799],{"class":127},"  # 4\n",[53,50801,50802,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,50803,115],{"class":114},[53,50805,102],{"class":67},[53,50807,11029],{"class":114},[53,50809,102],{"class":67},[53,50811,1709],{"class":98},[53,50813,5236],{"class":67},[53,50815,50816],{"class":127},"     # 2\n",[53,50818,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,50820,115],{"class":114},[53,50822,102],{"class":67},[53,50824,11029],{"class":114},[53,50826,102],{"class":67},[53,50828,5233],{"class":98},[53,50830,5236],{"class":67},[53,50832,50833],{"class":127},"   # 3\n",[14,50835,50836,50837,2072,50841,16937,50844,95],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[183,50838,50840],{"href":50839},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[183,50842,50843],{"href":185},"Python lists explained",[183,50845,9024],{"href":9023},[39,50847,2039],{"id":2038},[14,50849,2042],{},[44,50851,50853],{"className":46,"code":50852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(object)\n",[18,50854,50855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50856,50857,50859,50861,50863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50858,11029],{"class":114},[53,50860,102],{"class":67},[53,50862,42261],{"class":2782},[53,50864,108],{"class":67},[14,50866,50867],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50869,50870],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[140,50872,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881],{},[143,50874,37770],{},[143,50876,37764],{},[143,50878,37767],{},[143,50880,37773],{},[143,50882,50883],{},"a dictionary",[14,50885,235],{},[44,50887,50889],{"className":46,"code":50888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,50890,50891,50912,50936,50958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50894,115],{"class":114},[53,50896,102],{"class":67},[53,50898,11029],{"class":114},[53,50900,102],{"class":67},[53,50902,253],{"class":252},[53,50904,48],{"class":256},[53,50906,253],{"class":252},[53,50908,5236],{"class":67},[53,50910,50911],{"class":127},"      # 6\n",[53,50913,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,50915,115],{"class":114},[53,50917,102],{"class":67},[53,50919,11029],{"class":114},[53,50921,619],{"class":67},[53,50923,72],{"class":71},[53,50925,75],{"class":67},[53,50927,78],{"class":71},[53,50929,75],{"class":67},[53,50931,83],{"class":71},[53,50933,4609],{"class":67},[53,50935,50782],{"class":127},[53,50937,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952,50955],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,50939,115],{"class":114},[53,50941,102],{"class":67},[53,50943,11029],{"class":114},[53,50945,5384],{"class":67},[53,50947,539],{"class":71},[53,50949,75],{"class":67},[53,50951,7658],{"class":71},[53,50953,50954],{"class":67},")))",[53,50956,50957],{"class":127},"      # 2\n",[53,50959,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50981],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,50961,115],{"class":114},[53,50963,102],{"class":67},[53,50965,11029],{"class":114},[53,50967,587],{"class":67},[53,50969,253],{"class":252},[53,50971,2056],{"class":256},[53,50973,253],{"class":252},[53,50975,597],{"class":67},[53,50977,5371],{"class":71},[53,50979,50980],{"class":67},"}))",[53,50982,50983],{"class":127},"      # 1\n",[39,50985,50987],{"id":50986},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50989,50990,50991,50993],{},"When you use ",[18,50992,42223],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50995,50996],{},"That includes:",[140,50998,50999,51001,51003],{},[143,51000,1437],{},[143,51002,10319],{},[143,51004,51005],{},"punctuation",[14,51007,235],{},[44,51009,51011],{"className":46,"code":51010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51012,51013,51026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51014,51015,51017,51019,51021,51024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51016,34551],{"class":59},[53,51018,64],{"class":63},[53,51020,264],{"class":252},[53,51022,51023],{"class":256},"Hi there!",[53,51025,3239],{"class":252},[53,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51029,115],{"class":114},[53,51031,102],{"class":67},[53,51033,11029],{"class":114},[53,51035,102],{"class":67},[53,51037,34572],{"class":98},[53,51039,5236],{"class":67},[53,51041,51042],{"class":127},"  # 9\n",[14,51044,51045,51046,2370],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51047,2025],{},[140,51049,51050,51056,51060,51063],{},[143,51051,51052,51055],{},[18,51053,51054],{},"H"," = 1",[143,51057,51058,51055],{},[18,51059,36018],{},[143,51061,51062],{},"space = 1",[143,51064,51065,51068],{},[18,51066,51067],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51070,51071,51072],{},"Total: ",[18,51073,2025],{},[14,51075,51076,51077,597],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51078,2000],{},[44,51080,51082],{"className":46,"code":51081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51083,51084,51093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51085,51086,51089,51091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51087,51088],{"class":59},"empty_text ",[53,51090,64],{"class":63},[53,51092,7748],{"class":252},[53,51094,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51106,51108],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51096,115],{"class":114},[53,51098,102],{"class":67},[53,51100,11029],{"class":114},[53,51102,102],{"class":67},[53,51104,51105],{"class":98},"empty_text",[53,51107,5236],{"class":67},[53,51109,51110],{"class":127},"  # 0\n",[14,51112,51113],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[44,51115,51117],{"className":46,"code":51116,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51118,51119,51132,51136,51156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51120,51121,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51122,51123],{"class":59},"user_name ",[53,51125,64],{"class":63},[53,51127,264],{"class":252},[53,51129,4878],{"class":256},[53,51131,3239],{"class":252},[53,51133,51134],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51135,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51137,51138,51140,51142,51144,51147,51149,51152,51154],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51139,6867],{"class":1558},[53,51141,38249],{"class":114},[53,51143,102],{"class":67},[53,51145,51146],{"class":98},"user_name",[53,51148,3539],{"class":67},[53,51150,51151],{"class":63}," >=",[53,51153,83],{"class":71},[53,51155,6265],{"class":67},[53,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51167,51169],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51159,7936],{"class":114},[53,51161,102],{"class":67},[53,51163,253],{"class":252},[53,51165,51166],{"class":256},"Name is long enough",[53,51168,253],{"class":252},[53,51170,108],{"class":67},[39,51172,51174],{"id":51173},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51176,51177,51178,51180],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51179,42223],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51182,51183],{},"Example with a list:",[44,51185,51187],{"className":46,"code":51186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51188,51189,51221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51192,398],{"class":59},[53,51194,64],{"class":63},[53,51196,68],{"class":67},[53,51198,253],{"class":252},[53,51200,407],{"class":256},[53,51202,253],{"class":252},[53,51204,75],{"class":67},[53,51206,264],{"class":252},[53,51208,436],{"class":256},[53,51210,253],{"class":252},[53,51212,75],{"class":67},[53,51214,264],{"class":252},[53,51216,416],{"class":256},[53,51218,253],{"class":252},[53,51220,86],{"class":67},[53,51222,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51224,115],{"class":114},[53,51226,102],{"class":67},[53,51228,11029],{"class":114},[53,51230,102],{"class":67},[53,51232,425],{"class":98},[53,51234,5236],{"class":67},[53,51236,50634],{"class":127},[14,51238,37779],{},[44,51240,51242],{"className":46,"code":51241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51243,51244,51261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51245,51246,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51247,51248],{"class":59},"point ",[53,51250,64],{"class":63},[53,51252,9103],{"class":67},[53,51254,539],{"class":71},[53,51256,75],{"class":67},[53,51258,7658],{"class":71},[53,51260,108],{"class":67},[53,51262,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51274,51276],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51264,115],{"class":114},[53,51266,102],{"class":67},[53,51268,11029],{"class":114},[53,51270,102],{"class":67},[53,51272,51273],{"class":98},"point",[53,51275,5236],{"class":67},[53,51277,51278],{"class":127},"  # 2\n",[14,51280,51281],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[44,51283,51285],{"className":46,"code":51284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51286,51287,51311,51315,51333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51288,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51290,516],{"class":59},[53,51292,64],{"class":63},[53,51294,68],{"class":67},[53,51296,253],{"class":252},[53,51298,257],{"class":256},[53,51300,253],{"class":252},[53,51302,75],{"class":67},[53,51304,264],{"class":252},[53,51306,267],{"class":256},[53,51308,253],{"class":252},[53,51310,86],{"class":67},[53,51312,51313],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51314,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51316,51317,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51318,6867],{"class":1558},[53,51320,38249],{"class":114},[53,51322,102],{"class":67},[53,51324,530],{"class":98},[53,51326,3539],{"class":67},[53,51328,38259],{"class":63},[53,51330,5371],{"class":71},[53,51332,6265],{"class":67},[53,51334,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51336,7936],{"class":114},[53,51338,102],{"class":67},[53,51340,530],{"class":98},[53,51342,338],{"class":67},[53,51344,72],{"class":71},[53,51346,20310],{"class":67},[53,51348,51349],{"class":127},"  # banana\n",[14,51351,51352],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[44,51354,51356],{"className":46,"code":51355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51357,51358,51381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51359,51360,51362,51364,51366,51369,51371,51374,51376,51379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51361,4938],{"class":59},[53,51363,64],{"class":63},[53,51365,68],{"class":67},[53,51367,51368],{"class":71},"88",[53,51370,75],{"class":67},[53,51372,51373],{"class":71}," 91",[53,51375,75],{"class":67},[53,51377,51378],{"class":71}," 75",[53,51380,86],{"class":67},[53,51382,51383,51385,51387,51389,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51384,115],{"class":114},[53,51386,102],{"class":67},[53,51388,253],{"class":252},[53,51390,51391],{"class":256},"Number of scores:",[53,51393,253],{"class":252},[53,51395,75],{"class":67},[53,51397,38249],{"class":114},[53,51399,102],{"class":67},[53,51401,16253],{"class":98},[53,51403,1907],{"class":67},[14,51405,51406,51407,95],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[183,51408,51410],{"href":51409},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[39,51412,51414],{"id":51413},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51416,51417,51418,51420],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51419,42223],{}," counts keys.",[44,51422,51424],{"className":46,"code":51423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51425,51426,51434,51452,51466,51482,51486,51490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51427,51428,51430,51432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51429,12730],{"class":59},[53,51431,64],{"class":63},[53,51433,11360],{"class":67},[53,51435,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51437,11365],{"class":252},[53,51439,592],{"class":256},[53,51441,253],{"class":252},[53,51443,597],{"class":67},[53,51445,264],{"class":252},[53,51447,7788],{"class":256},[53,51449,253],{"class":252},[53,51451,11381],{"class":67},[53,51453,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51455,11365],{"class":252},[53,51457,9166],{"class":256},[53,51459,253],{"class":252},[53,51461,597],{"class":67},[53,51463,30809],{"class":71},[53,51465,11381],{"class":67},[53,51467,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51469,11365],{"class":252},[53,51471,19755],{"class":256},[53,51473,253],{"class":252},[53,51475,597],{"class":67},[53,51477,264],{"class":252},[53,51479,22110],{"class":256},[53,51481,3239],{"class":252},[53,51483,51484],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,51485,9176],{"class":67},[53,51487,51488],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,51489,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51491,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,51493,115],{"class":114},[53,51495,102],{"class":67},[53,51497,11029],{"class":114},[53,51499,102],{"class":67},[53,51501,13489],{"class":98},[53,51503,5236],{"class":67},[53,51505,50634],{"class":127},[14,51507,51508,51509,51511],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51510,42223],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51513,51514,51515,51517],{},"For sets, ",[18,51516,42223],{}," counts unique items:",[44,51519,51521],{"className":46,"code":51520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51522,51523,51551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51524,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51526,60],{"class":59},[53,51528,64],{"class":63},[53,51530,679],{"class":67},[53,51532,72],{"class":71},[53,51534,75],{"class":67},[53,51536,78],{"class":71},[53,51538,75],{"class":67},[53,51540,83],{"class":71},[53,51542,75],{"class":67},[53,51544,83],{"class":71},[53,51546,75],{"class":67},[53,51548,78],{"class":71},[53,51550,9176],{"class":67},[53,51552,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51554,115],{"class":114},[53,51556,102],{"class":67},[53,51558,11029],{"class":114},[53,51560,102],{"class":67},[53,51562,92],{"class":98},[53,51564,5236],{"class":67},[53,51566,50634],{"class":127},[14,51568,51569],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51571,51572],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[44,51574,51576],{"className":46,"code":51575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51577,51578,51586,51590,51608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51579,51580,51582,51584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51581,1692],{"class":59},[53,51583,64],{"class":63},[53,51585,9705],{"class":67},[53,51587,51588],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51589,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51591,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51593,6867],{"class":1558},[53,51595,38249],{"class":114},[53,51597,102],{"class":67},[53,51599,1709],{"class":98},[53,51601,3539],{"class":67},[53,51603,6280],{"class":63},[53,51605,3713],{"class":71},[53,51607,6265],{"class":67},[53,51609,51610,51612,51614,51616,51619,51621],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51611,7936],{"class":114},[53,51613,102],{"class":67},[53,51615,253],{"class":252},[53,51617,51618],{"class":256},"The dictionary is empty",[53,51620,253],{"class":252},[53,51622,108],{"class":67},[39,51624,40908],{"id":40907},[14,51626,51627,51628,95],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51629,42223],{},[830,51631,51633],{"id":51632},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[44,51635,51637],{"className":46,"code":51636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51638,51639,51647,51651,51669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51640,51641,51643,51645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51642,516],{"class":59},[53,51644,64],{"class":63},[53,51646,521],{"class":67},[53,51648,51649],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51650,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51652,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51654,6867],{"class":1558},[53,51656,38249],{"class":114},[53,51658,102],{"class":67},[53,51660,530],{"class":98},[53,51662,3539],{"class":67},[53,51664,6280],{"class":63},[53,51666,3713],{"class":71},[53,51668,6265],{"class":67},[53,51670,51671,51673,51675,51677,51680,51682],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51672,7936],{"class":114},[53,51674,102],{"class":67},[53,51676,253],{"class":252},[53,51678,51679],{"class":256},"The list is empty",[53,51681,253],{"class":252},[53,51683,108],{"class":67},[830,51685,51687],{"id":51686},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[44,51689,51691],{"className":46,"code":51690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51692,51693,51712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51694,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705,51708,51710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51696,6026],{"class":59},[53,51698,64],{"class":63},[53,51700,8110],{"class":114},[53,51702,102],{"class":67},[53,51704,253],{"class":252},[53,51706,51707],{"class":256},"Enter a word: ",[53,51709,253],{"class":252},[53,51711,108],{"class":67},[53,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51715,115],{"class":114},[53,51717,102],{"class":67},[53,51719,253],{"class":252},[53,51721,51722],{"class":256},"Number of characters:",[53,51724,253],{"class":252},[53,51726,75],{"class":67},[53,51728,38249],{"class":114},[53,51730,102],{"class":67},[53,51732,38254],{"class":98},[53,51734,1907],{"class":67},[830,51736,51738],{"id":51737},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[44,51740,51742],{"className":46,"code":51741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51743,51744,51758,51762,51780,51795,51801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51745,51746,51749,51751,51753,51756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51747,51748],{"class":59},"password ",[53,51750,64],{"class":63},[53,51752,264],{"class":252},[53,51754,51755],{"class":256},"secret123",[53,51757,3239],{"class":252},[53,51759,51760],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51761,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,51763,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,51765,6867],{"class":1558},[53,51767,38249],{"class":114},[53,51769,102],{"class":67},[53,51771,17485],{"class":98},[53,51773,3539],{"class":67},[53,51775,51151],{"class":63},[53,51777,6232],{"class":71},[53,51779,6265],{"class":67},[53,51781,51782,51784,51786,51788,51791,51793],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,51783,7936],{"class":114},[53,51785,102],{"class":67},[53,51787,253],{"class":252},[53,51789,51790],{"class":256},"Password length is valid",[53,51792,253],{"class":252},[53,51794,108],{"class":67},[53,51796,51797,51799],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,51798,27299],{"class":1558},[53,51800,6265],{"class":67},[53,51802,51803,51805,51807,51809,51812,51814],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,51804,7936],{"class":114},[53,51806,102],{"class":67},[53,51808,253],{"class":252},[53,51810,51811],{"class":256},"Password is too short",[53,51813,253],{"class":252},[53,51815,108],{"class":67},[830,51817,51819],{"id":51818},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[44,51821,51823],{"className":46,"code":51822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,51824,51825,51861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51826,51827,51830,51832,51834,51836,51839,51841,51843,51845,51848,51850,51852,51854,51857,51859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51828,51829],{"class":59},"results ",[53,51831,64],{"class":63},[53,51833,68],{"class":67},[53,51835,253],{"class":252},[53,51837,51838],{"class":256},"item1",[53,51840,253],{"class":252},[53,51842,75],{"class":67},[53,51844,264],{"class":252},[53,51846,51847],{"class":256},"item2",[53,51849,253],{"class":252},[53,51851,75],{"class":67},[53,51853,264],{"class":252},[53,51855,51856],{"class":256},"item3",[53,51858,253],{"class":252},[53,51860,86],{"class":67},[53,51862,51863,51865,51867,51869,51872,51874,51876,51878,51880,51883],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51864,115],{"class":114},[53,51866,102],{"class":67},[53,51868,253],{"class":252},[53,51870,51871],{"class":256},"Items found:",[53,51873,253],{"class":252},[53,51875,75],{"class":67},[53,51877,38249],{"class":114},[53,51879,102],{"class":67},[53,51881,51882],{"class":98},"results",[53,51884,1907],{"class":67},[14,51886,51887],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[39,51889,51891],{"id":51890},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51893,51894,51896],{},[18,51895,42223],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51898,51899,51900,597],{},"These will raise a ",[18,51901,2885],{},[140,51903,51904,51907,51910],{},[143,51905,51906],{},"plain integers",[143,51908,51909],{},"floats",[143,51911,51912],{},[18,51913,232],{},[14,51915,235],{},[44,51917,51919],{"className":46,"code":51918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(5))\n",[18,51920,51921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51922,51923,51925,51927,51929,51931,51933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51924,115],{"class":114},[53,51926,102],{"class":67},[53,51928,11029],{"class":114},[53,51930,102],{"class":67},[53,51932,2017],{"class":71},[53,51934,1907],{"class":67},[14,51936,51937,51938,51940],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,51939,2017],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51942,51943],{},"Another example:",[44,51945,51947],{"className":46,"code":51946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,51948,51949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51950,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51952,115],{"class":114},[53,51954,102],{"class":67},[53,51956,11029],{"class":114},[53,51958,102],{"class":67},[53,51960,40006],{"class":71},[53,51962,1907],{"class":67},[14,51964,51965,51966,597],{},"And with ",[18,51967,232],{},[44,51969,51971],{"className":46,"code":51970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,51972,51973,51981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51974,51975,51977,51979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51976,2325],{"class":59},[53,51978,64],{"class":63},[53,51980,48390],{"class":369},[53,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,51984,115],{"class":114},[53,51986,102],{"class":67},[53,51988,11029],{"class":114},[53,51990,102],{"class":67},[53,51992,2350],{"class":98},[53,51994,1907],{"class":67},[14,51996,51997,51998,95],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[183,51999,52001],{"href":52000},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[39,52003,52005],{"id":52004},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52007,52008,52009,52011],{},"Before using ",[18,52010,42223],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52013,52014],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[44,52016,52018],{"className":46,"code":52017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52019,52020,52028,52032,52042,52056,52074,52092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52021,52022,52024,52026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52023,2325],{"class":59},[53,52025,64],{"class":63},[53,52027,48390],{"class":369},[53,52029,52030],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,52031,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,52033,52034,52036,52038,52040],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,52035,115],{"class":114},[53,52037,102],{"class":67},[53,52039,2350],{"class":98},[53,52041,108],{"class":67},[53,52043,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,52045,115],{"class":114},[53,52047,102],{"class":67},[53,52049,3102],{"class":2782},[53,52051,102],{"class":67},[53,52053,2350],{"class":98},[53,52055,1907],{"class":67},[53,52057,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,52059,115],{"class":114},[53,52061,102],{"class":67},[53,52063,48738],{"class":114},[53,52065,102],{"class":67},[53,52067,2350],{"class":98},[53,52069,75],{"class":67},[53,52071,48767],{"class":2782},[53,52073,1907],{"class":67},[53,52075,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,52077,115],{"class":114},[53,52079,102],{"class":67},[53,52081,48738],{"class":114},[53,52083,102],{"class":67},[53,52085,2350],{"class":98},[53,52087,75],{"class":67},[53,52089,22425],{"class":2782},[53,52091,1907],{"class":67},[53,52093,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,52095,115],{"class":114},[53,52097,102],{"class":67},[53,52099,48738],{"class":114},[53,52101,102],{"class":67},[53,52103,2350],{"class":98},[53,52105,75],{"class":67},[53,52107,9038],{"class":2782},[53,52109,1907],{"class":67},[14,52111,52112],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52114,52115],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[44,52117,52119],{"className":46,"code":52118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52120,52121,52133,52137,52151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52122,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52124,2325],{"class":59},[53,52126,64],{"class":63},[53,52128,264],{"class":252},[53,52130,556],{"class":256},[53,52132,3239],{"class":252},[53,52134,52135],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,52136,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,52140,6867],{"class":1558},[53,52142,21449],{"class":59},[53,52144,12059],{"class":63},[53,52146,7967],{"class":63},[53,52148,3731],{"class":369},[53,52150,6265],{"class":67},[53,52152,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161,52163],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,52154,7936],{"class":114},[53,52156,102],{"class":67},[53,52158,11029],{"class":114},[53,52160,102],{"class":67},[53,52162,2350],{"class":98},[53,52164,1907],{"class":67},[14,52166,52167,52168,95],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[183,52169,8308],{"href":2178},[39,52171,2709],{"id":2708},[14,52173,22960,52174,597],{},[18,52175,42223],{},[140,52177,52178,52186,52194,52202,52208],{},[143,52179,833,52180,52182,52183],{},[18,52181,42223],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52184,52185],{},"len(5)",[143,52187,833,52188,52190,52191],{},[18,52189,42223],{}," on a float like ",[18,52192,52193],{},"len(3.14)",[143,52195,833,52196,52198,52199,52201],{},[18,52197,42223],{}," on ",[18,52200,232],{}," after a function returns nothing",[143,52203,4454,52204,52207],{},[18,52205,52206],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[143,52209,52210],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52212,52213],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[44,52215,52217],{"className":46,"code":52216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52218,52219,52255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52220,52221,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52222,13069],{"class":59},[53,52224,64],{"class":63},[53,52226,679],{"class":67},[53,52228,253],{"class":252},[53,52230,592],{"class":256},[53,52232,253],{"class":252},[53,52234,597],{"class":67},[53,52236,264],{"class":252},[53,52238,12747],{"class":256},[53,52240,253],{"class":252},[53,52242,75],{"class":67},[53,52244,264],{"class":252},[53,52246,9166],{"class":256},[53,52248,253],{"class":252},[53,52250,597],{"class":67},[53,52252,7658],{"class":71},[53,52254,9176],{"class":67},[53,52256,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,52258,115],{"class":114},[53,52260,102],{"class":67},[53,52262,11029],{"class":114},[53,52264,102],{"class":67},[53,52266,17172],{"class":98},[53,52268,5236],{"class":67},[53,52270,51278],{"class":127},[14,52272,37457,52273,52275,52276,4269,52278,95],{},[18,52274,1937],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52277,15103],{},[18,52279,52280],{},"\"age\"",[14,52282,52283],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[44,52285,52287],{"className":46,"code":52286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52288,52289,52302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52290,52291,52293,52295,52297,52300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52292,34551],{"class":59},[53,52294,64],{"class":63},[53,52296,264],{"class":252},[53,52298,52299],{"class":256},"a b",[53,52301,3239],{"class":252},[53,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,52305,115],{"class":114},[53,52307,102],{"class":67},[53,52309,11029],{"class":114},[53,52311,102],{"class":67},[53,52313,34572],{"class":98},[53,52315,5236],{"class":67},[53,52317,50634],{"class":127},[14,52319,52320],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[39,52322,1650],{"id":1649},[830,52324,52326],{"id":52325},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52328,52329],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[830,52331,52333],{"id":52332},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52335,52336],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[830,52338,52340],{"id":52339},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52342,52343],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[830,52345,52347],{"id":52346},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52349,52350,52351,52353,52354,2758,52356,52358,52359,95],{},"No. Using ",[18,52352,42223],{}," on an ",[18,52355,2071],{},[18,52357,2075],{}," raises a ",[18,52360,2885],{},[830,52362,52364],{"id":52363},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52366,7631,52367,95],{},[18,52368,52369],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52371,235],{},[44,52373,52375],{"className":46,"code":52374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52376,52377,52385,52389,52407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52378,52379,52381,52383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52380,8176],{"class":59},[53,52382,64],{"class":63},[53,52384,521],{"class":67},[53,52386,52387],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,52388,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,52390,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,52392,6867],{"class":1558},[53,52394,38249],{"class":114},[53,52396,102],{"class":67},[53,52398,203],{"class":98},[53,52400,3539],{"class":67},[53,52402,6280],{"class":63},[53,52404,3713],{"class":71},[53,52406,6265],{"class":67},[53,52408,52409,52411,52413,52415,52418,52420],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,52410,7936],{"class":114},[53,52412,102],{"class":67},[53,52414,253],{"class":252},[53,52416,52417],{"class":256},"Empty list",[53,52419,253],{"class":252},[53,52421,108],{"class":67},[14,52423,52424,52425,52427,52428,52430,52431,52433],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52426,3552],{}," in an ",[18,52429,6867],{}," statement, but ",[18,52432,42223],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[39,52435,1782],{"id":1781},[140,52437,52438,52442,52446,52450,52455,52459,52465],{},[143,52439,52440],{},[183,52441,50840],{"href":50839},[143,52443,52444],{},[183,52445,50843],{"href":185},[143,52447,52448],{},[183,52449,9024],{"href":9023},[143,52451,52452],{},[183,52453,52454],{"href":51409},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[143,52456,52457],{},[183,52458,8308],{"href":2178},[143,52460,52461],{},[183,52462,52464],{"href":52463},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[143,52466,52467],{},[183,52468,52469],{"href":52000},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1810,52471,52472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54062,"toc":55270},[54063,54069,54075,54081,54083,54131,54136,54141,54145,54161,54167,54169,54172,54187,54189,54200,54202,54204,54261,54263,54271,54273,54289,54295,54297,54303,54307,54391,54394,54443,54450,54458,54461,54475,54488,54494,54569,54576,54583,54657,54665,54668,54679,54688,54692,54696,54707,54709,54786,54807,54809,54819,54822,54870,54872,54893,54896,54898,54949,54955,54962,55029,55035,55041,55044,55071,55076,55082,55085,55157,55160,55171,55177,55179,55185,55188,55194,55200,55207,55215,55221,55227,55229,55267],[10,54064,54066,54067,11190],{"id":54065},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54068,11189],{},[14,54070,54071,54074],{},[18,54072,54073],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54076,54077,54078,54080],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[23,54079,11202],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[39,54082,42],{"id":41},[44,54084,54086],{"className":46,"code":54085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54087,54088,54108,54118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54089,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54091,516],{"class":59},[53,54093,64],{"class":63},[53,54095,68],{"class":67},[53,54097,72],{"class":71},[53,54099,75],{"class":67},[53,54101,78],{"class":71},[53,54103,75],{"class":67},[53,54105,83],{"class":71},[53,54107,86],{"class":67},[53,54109,54110,54112,54114,54116],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54111,530],{"class":59},[53,54113,95],{"class":67},[53,54115,11251],{"class":98},[53,54117,8510],{"class":67},[53,54119,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54121,115],{"class":114},[53,54123,102],{"class":67},[53,54125,530],{"class":98},[53,54127,3539],{"class":67},[53,54129,54130],{"class":127},"  # []\n",[14,54132,131,54133,54135],{},[18,54134,11189],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[39,54137,3556,54139,3559],{"id":54138},"what-listclear-does",[18,54140,54073],{},[14,54142,54143,597],{},[18,54144,54073],{},[140,54146,54147,54150,54153,54158],{},[143,54148,54149],{},"Removes every item from a list",[143,54151,54152],{},"Changes the original list in place",[143,54154,54155,54156],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54157,3666],{},[143,54159,54160],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54162,54163,54164,54166],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54165,11189],{},", but it contains no values.",[39,54168,2039],{"id":2038},[14,54170,54171],{},"Syntax:",[44,54173,54175],{"className":46,"code":54174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54176,54177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54178,54179,54181,54183,54185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54180,203],{"class":59},[53,54182,95],{"class":67},[53,54184,11251],{"class":98},[53,54186,8510],{"class":67},[14,54188,11327],{},[140,54190,54191,54194,54197],{},[143,54192,54193],{},"Call it on a list object",[143,54195,54196],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[143,54198,54199],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[39,54201,385],{"id":384},[14,54203,11345],{},[44,54205,54207],{"className":46,"code":54206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54208,54209,54233,54237,54247,54251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54210,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54212,60],{"class":59},[53,54214,64],{"class":63},[53,54216,68],{"class":67},[53,54218,539],{"class":71},[53,54220,75],{"class":67},[53,54222,7658],{"class":71},[53,54224,75],{"class":67},[53,54226,7663],{"class":71},[53,54228,75],{"class":67},[53,54230,50707],{"class":71},[53,54232,86],{"class":67},[53,54234,54235],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54236,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54238,54239,54241,54243,54245],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54240,92],{"class":59},[53,54242,95],{"class":67},[53,54244,11251],{"class":98},[53,54246,8510],{"class":67},[53,54248,54249],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54250,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,54254,115],{"class":114},[53,54256,102],{"class":67},[53,54258,92],{"class":98},[53,54260,108],{"class":67},[14,54262,328],{},[44,54264,54265],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,54266,54267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54268,54269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54270,38160],{"class":67},[14,54272,11551],{},[140,54274,54275,54280,54286],{},[143,54276,54277,54279],{},[18,54278,92],{}," starts with four items",[143,54281,54282,54285],{},[18,54283,54284],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[143,54287,54288],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54290,54291,54292,95],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[183,54293,186],{"href":54294},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[39,54296,17284],{"id":17283},[14,54298,54299,1129,54301,95],{},[18,54300,11189],{},[18,54302,232],{},[14,54304,40768,54305,37],{},[23,54306,36],{},[44,54308,54310],{"className":46,"code":54309,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54311,54312,54344,54348,54362,54366,54379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54313,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328,54330,54332,54334,54336,54338,54340,54342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54315,516],{"class":59},[53,54317,64],{"class":63},[53,54319,68],{"class":67},[53,54321,253],{"class":252},[53,54323,183],{"class":256},[53,54325,253],{"class":252},[53,54327,75],{"class":67},[53,54329,264],{"class":252},[53,54331,1453],{"class":256},[53,54333,253],{"class":252},[53,54335,75],{"class":67},[53,54337,264],{"class":252},[53,54339,1428],{"class":256},[53,54341,253],{"class":252},[53,54343,86],{"class":67},[53,54345,54346],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54347,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54349,54350,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54351,276],{"class":59},[53,54353,64],{"class":63},[53,54355,1080],{"class":59},[53,54357,95],{"class":67},[53,54359,11251],{"class":98},[53,54361,8510],{"class":67},[53,54363,54364],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54365,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54367,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,54369,115],{"class":114},[53,54371,102],{"class":67},[53,54373,530],{"class":98},[53,54375,3539],{"class":67},[53,54377,54378],{"class":127},"   # []\n",[53,54380,54381,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,54382,115],{"class":114},[53,54384,102],{"class":67},[53,54386,323],{"class":98},[53,54388,3539],{"class":67},[53,54390,20740],{"class":127},[14,54392,54393],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[44,54395,54397],{"className":46,"code":54396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54398,54399,54419,54433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54400,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54402,516],{"class":59},[53,54404,64],{"class":63},[53,54406,68],{"class":67},[53,54408,72],{"class":71},[53,54410,75],{"class":67},[53,54412,78],{"class":71},[53,54414,75],{"class":67},[53,54416,83],{"class":71},[53,54418,86],{"class":67},[53,54420,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54422,516],{"class":59},[53,54424,64],{"class":63},[53,54426,1080],{"class":59},[53,54428,95],{"class":67},[53,54430,11251],{"class":98},[53,54432,8510],{"class":67},[53,54434,54435,54437,54439,54441],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54436,115],{"class":114},[53,54438,102],{"class":67},[53,54440,530],{"class":98},[53,54442,108],{"class":67},[14,54444,11781,54445,717,54447,54449],{},[18,54446,530],{},[18,54448,232],{},", not an empty list.",[39,54451,54453,54455,54456],{"id":54452},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54454,11189],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54457,3666],{},[14,54459,54460],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[44,54462,54463],{"className":46,"code":54174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,54464,54465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54466,54467,54469,54471,54473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54468,203],{"class":59},[53,54470,95],{"class":67},[53,54472,11251],{"class":98},[53,54474,8510],{"class":67},[44,54476,54478],{"className":46,"code":54477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n",[18,54479,54480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54481,54482,54484,54486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54483,8176],{"class":59},[53,54485,64],{"class":63},[53,54487,521],{"class":67},[830,54489,54491,54493],{"id":54490},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54492,11189],{}," empties the same list object",[44,54495,54497],{"className":46,"code":54496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54498,54499,54519,54527,54531,54541,54545,54557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54500,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515,54517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54502,2432],{"class":59},[53,54504,64],{"class":63},[53,54506,68],{"class":67},[53,54508,72],{"class":71},[53,54510,75],{"class":67},[53,54512,78],{"class":71},[53,54514,75],{"class":67},[53,54516,83],{"class":71},[53,54518,86],{"class":67},[53,54520,54521,54523,54525],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54522,2460],{"class":59},[53,54524,64],{"class":63},[53,54526,36039],{"class":59},[53,54528,54529],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54530,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54532,54533,54535,54537,54539],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54534,183],{"class":59},[53,54536,95],{"class":67},[53,54538,11251],{"class":98},[53,54540,8510],{"class":67},[53,54542,54543],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,54544,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54546,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,54548,115],{"class":114},[53,54550,102],{"class":67},[53,54552,183],{"class":98},[53,54554,3539],{"class":67},[53,54556,54130],{"class":127},[53,54558,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,54560,115],{"class":114},[53,54562,102],{"class":67},[53,54564,1453],{"class":98},[53,54566,3539],{"class":67},[53,54568,54130],{"class":127},[14,54570,10457,54571,4269,54573,54575],{},[18,54572,183],{},[18,54574,1453],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[830,54577,54579,54582],{"id":54578},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54580,54581],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[44,54584,54586],{"className":46,"code":54585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54587,54588,54608,54616,54620,54628,54632,54644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54589,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602,54604,54606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54591,2432],{"class":59},[53,54593,64],{"class":63},[53,54595,68],{"class":67},[53,54597,72],{"class":71},[53,54599,75],{"class":67},[53,54601,78],{"class":71},[53,54603,75],{"class":67},[53,54605,83],{"class":71},[53,54607,86],{"class":67},[53,54609,54610,54612,54614],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54611,2460],{"class":59},[53,54613,64],{"class":63},[53,54615,36039],{"class":59},[53,54617,54618],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54619,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54621,54622,54624,54626],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54623,2432],{"class":59},[53,54625,64],{"class":63},[53,54627,521],{"class":67},[53,54629,54630],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,54631,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54633,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,54635,115],{"class":114},[53,54637,102],{"class":67},[53,54639,183],{"class":98},[53,54641,3539],{"class":67},[53,54643,54130],{"class":127},[53,54645,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,54647,115],{"class":114},[53,54649,102],{"class":67},[53,54651,1453],{"class":98},[53,54653,3539],{"class":67},[53,54655,54656],{"class":127},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54658,20635,54659,54661,54662,54664],{},[18,54660,183],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54663,1453],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54666,54667],{},"This difference matters when:",[140,54669,54670,54673,54676],{},[143,54671,54672],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[143,54674,54675],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[143,54677,54678],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54680,54681,54682,95],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[183,54683,54685,54686,10608],{"href":54684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54687,12643],{},[39,54689,4835,54690],{"id":12303},[18,54691,11189],{},[14,54693,131,54694,6190],{},[18,54695,11189],{},[140,54697,54698,54701,54704],{},[143,54699,54700],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[143,54702,54703],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[143,54705,54706],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54708,235],{},[44,54710,54712],{"className":46,"code":54711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54713,54714,54750,54754,54759,54770,54774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54715,54716,54719,54721,54723,54725,54728,54730,54732,54734,54737,54739,54741,54743,54746,54748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54717,54718],{"class":59},"shopping_cart ",[53,54720,64],{"class":63},[53,54722,68],{"class":67},[53,54724,253],{"class":252},[53,54726,54727],{"class":256},"milk",[53,54729,253],{"class":252},[53,54731,75],{"class":67},[53,54733,264],{"class":252},[53,54735,54736],{"class":256},"bread",[53,54738,253],{"class":252},[53,54740,75],{"class":67},[53,54742,264],{"class":252},[53,54744,54745],{"class":256},"eggs",[53,54747,253],{"class":252},[53,54749,86],{"class":67},[53,54751,54752],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54753,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54755,54756],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54757,54758],{"class":127},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[53,54760,54761,54764,54766,54768],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54762,54763],{"class":59},"shopping_cart",[53,54765,95],{"class":67},[53,54767,11251],{"class":98},[53,54769,8510],{"class":67},[53,54771,54772],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,54773,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54775,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,54777,115],{"class":114},[53,54779,102],{"class":67},[53,54781,54763],{"class":98},[53,54783,3539],{"class":67},[53,54785,54130],{"class":127},[14,54787,54788,54789,54793,54794,54800,54801,95],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[183,54790,54792],{"href":54791},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[183,54795,54797,10608],{"href":54796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,54798,54799],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[183,54802,54804,10608],{"href":54803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,54805,54806],{},"list.pop()",[39,54808,1039],{"id":1038},[830,54810,54812,54813,10959,54816],{"id":54811},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,54814,54815],{},"my_list.clear",[18,54817,54818],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54820,54821],{},"This does not call the method.",[44,54823,54825],{"className":46,"code":54824,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,54826,54827,54847,54851,54860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54828,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54830,516],{"class":59},[53,54832,64],{"class":63},[53,54834,68],{"class":67},[53,54836,72],{"class":71},[53,54838,75],{"class":67},[53,54840,78],{"class":71},[53,54842,75],{"class":67},[53,54844,83],{"class":71},[53,54846,86],{"class":67},[53,54848,54849],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54850,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54852,54853,54855,54857],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54854,530],{"class":59},[53,54856,95],{"class":67},[53,54858,54859],{"class":24615},"clear\n",[53,54861,54862,54864,54866,54868],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54863,115],{"class":114},[53,54865,102],{"class":67},[53,54867,530],{"class":98},[53,54869,108],{"class":67},[14,54871,328],{},[44,54873,54875],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54876,54877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54880,338],{"class":67},[53,54882,72],{"class":71},[53,54884,75],{"class":67},[53,54886,78],{"class":71},[53,54888,75],{"class":67},[53,54890,83],{"class":71},[53,54892,86],{"class":67},[14,54894,54895],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54897,1143],{},[44,54899,54901],{"className":46,"code":54900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54902,54903,54923,54927,54937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54904,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54906,516],{"class":59},[53,54908,64],{"class":63},[53,54910,68],{"class":67},[53,54912,72],{"class":71},[53,54914,75],{"class":67},[53,54916,78],{"class":71},[53,54918,75],{"class":67},[53,54920,83],{"class":71},[53,54922,86],{"class":67},[53,54924,54925],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54926,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,54928,54929,54931,54933,54935],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,54930,530],{"class":59},[53,54932,95],{"class":67},[53,54934,11251],{"class":98},[53,54936,8510],{"class":67},[53,54938,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,54940,115],{"class":114},[53,54942,102],{"class":67},[53,54944,530],{"class":98},[53,54946,3539],{"class":67},[53,54948,54130],{"class":127},[830,54950,8319,54952,54954],{"id":54951},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,54953,11189],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54956,54957,1129,54959,54961],{},[18,54958,11189],{},[18,54960,232],{},", not the list.",[44,54963,54965],{"className":46,"code":54964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,54966,54967,54987,55001,55005,55017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54968,54969,54971,54973,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983,54985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54970,516],{"class":59},[53,54972,64],{"class":63},[53,54974,68],{"class":67},[53,54976,72],{"class":71},[53,54978,75],{"class":67},[53,54980,78],{"class":71},[53,54982,75],{"class":67},[53,54984,83],{"class":71},[53,54986,86],{"class":67},[53,54988,54989,54991,54993,54995,54997,54999],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,54990,276],{"class":59},[53,54992,64],{"class":63},[53,54994,1080],{"class":59},[53,54996,95],{"class":67},[53,54998,11251],{"class":98},[53,55000,8510],{"class":67},[53,55002,55003],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55004,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55006,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55008,115],{"class":114},[53,55010,102],{"class":67},[53,55012,323],{"class":98},[53,55014,3539],{"class":67},[53,55016,20740],{"class":127},[53,55018,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55020,115],{"class":114},[53,55022,102],{"class":67},[53,55024,530],{"class":98},[53,55026,3539],{"class":67},[53,55028,54378],{"class":127},[830,55030,833,55032,55034],{"id":55031},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55033,11189],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55036,55037,55038,55040],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55039,11189],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55042,55043],{},"This will fail:",[44,55045,55047],{"className":46,"code":55046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55048,55049,55061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55050,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55052,34551],{"class":59},[53,55054,64],{"class":63},[53,55056,264],{"class":252},[53,55058,556],{"class":256},[53,55060,3239],{"class":252},[53,55062,55063,55065,55067,55069],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55064,34572],{"class":59},[53,55066,95],{"class":67},[53,55068,11251],{"class":98},[53,55070,8510],{"class":67},[14,55072,55073,55074,33464],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55075,11189],{},[14,55077,55078,55079,55081],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55080,232],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55083,55084],{},"Useful checks:",[44,55086,55088],{"className":46,"code":55087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55089,55090,55100,55114,55128,55137,55147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55091,55092,55094,55096,55098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55093,115],{"class":114},[53,55095,102],{"class":67},[53,55097,203],{"class":98},[53,55099,108],{"class":67},[53,55101,55102,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55103,115],{"class":114},[53,55105,102],{"class":67},[53,55107,3102],{"class":2782},[53,55109,102],{"class":67},[53,55111,203],{"class":98},[53,55113,1907],{"class":67},[53,55115,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55117,115],{"class":114},[53,55119,102],{"class":67},[53,55121,12515],{"class":114},[53,55123,102],{"class":67},[53,55125,203],{"class":98},[53,55127,1907],{"class":67},[53,55129,55130,55132,55134],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55131,43411],{"class":59},[53,55133,64],{"class":63},[53,55135,55136],{"class":59}," my_list\n",[53,55138,55139,55141,55143,55145],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55140,203],{"class":59},[53,55142,95],{"class":67},[53,55144,11251],{"class":98},[53,55146,8510],{"class":67},[53,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,55150,115],{"class":114},[53,55152,102],{"class":67},[53,55154,30609],{"class":98},[53,55156,108],{"class":67},[14,55158,55159],{},"These can help you see:",[140,55161,55162,55165,55168],{},[143,55163,55164],{},"What the variable currently contains",[143,55166,55167],{},"Whether it is really a list",[143,55169,55170],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55172,55173,55174,95],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[183,55175,55176],{"href":1807},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[39,55178,1650],{"id":1649},[830,55180,12570,55182,55184],{"id":55181},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55183,54073],{}," delete the list?",[14,55186,55187],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[830,55189,12570,55191,55193],{"id":55190},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55192,54073],{}," return a new list?",[14,55195,55196,55197,55199],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55198,232],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[830,55201,5055,55203,4269,55205,2370],{"id":55202},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55204,11189],{},[18,55206,54581],{},[14,55208,55209,55211,55212,55214],{},[18,55210,11189],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55213,54581],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[830,55216,28194,55218,55220],{"id":55217},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55219,11189],{}," on other types?",[14,55222,55223,55224,55226],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55225,11189],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[39,55228,1782],{"id":1781},[140,55230,55231,55235,55240,55247,55254,55260],{},[143,55232,55233],{},[183,55234,186],{"href":54294},[143,55236,55237],{},[183,55238,55239],{"href":54791},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[143,55241,55242],{},[183,55243,55244,55245,10608],{"href":54803},"Python list ",[18,55246,12629],{},[143,55248,55249],{},[183,55250,55244,55251,10608],{"href":54796},[18,55252,55253],{},"remove()",[143,55255,55256],{},[183,55257,55244,55258,10608],{"href":54684},[18,55259,12643],{},[143,55261,55262],{},[183,55263,30214,55264,33497],{"href":1807},[18,55265,55266],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1810,55268,55269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":55271},[55272,55273,55275,55276,55277,55278,55285,55286,55294,55304],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":54138,"depth":89,"text":55274},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":54452,"depth":89,"text":55279,"children":55280},"clear() vs assigning []",[55281,55283],{"id":54490,"depth":111,"text":55282},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54578,"depth":111,"text":55284},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12303,"depth":89,"text":12675},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":55287},[55288,55290,55292],{"id":54811,"depth":111,"text":55289},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54951,"depth":111,"text":55291},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55031,"depth":111,"text":55293},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":55295},[55296,55298,55300,55302],{"id":55181,"depth":111,"text":55297},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55190,"depth":111,"text":55299},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55202,"depth":111,"text":55301},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55217,"depth":111,"text":55303},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54060,"description":55305},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55312,"title":55313,"body":55314,"description":56999,"extension":1841,"meta":57000,"navigation":301,"path":57001,"seo":57002,"stem":57003,"__hash__":57004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55315,"toc":56967},[55316,55321,55327,55335,55337,55426,55433,55438,55442,55456,55458,55535,55537,55598,55601,55603,55605,55626,55629,55643,55646,55691,55693,55701,55704,55710,55716,55719,55796,55798,55843,55846,55851,55934,55936,55977,55982,55986,55992,55994,56002,56005,56098,56100,56158,56161,56177,56182,56192,56197,56199,56204,56209,56212,56214,56271,56274,56327,56333,56338,56342,56359,56361,56445,56447,56488,56496,56498,56503,56509,56511,56574,56579,56649,56653,56688,56691,56693,56732,56736,56812,56818,56824,56829,56851,56854,56873,56881,56883,56889,56892,56899,56907,56912,56915,56919,56925,56933,56936,56938,56964],[10,55317,54066,55319,11190],{"id":55318},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55320,12643],{},[14,55322,55323,55326],{},[18,55324,55325],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55328,55329,55330,13916,55332,55334],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55331,64],{},[23,55333,36],{}," make a real copy.",[39,55336,1882],{"id":1881},[44,55338,55340],{"className":46,"code":55339,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55341,55342,55362,55377,55381,55396,55400,55413],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55343,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55345,60],{"class":59},[53,55347,64],{"class":63},[53,55349,68],{"class":67},[53,55351,72],{"class":71},[53,55353,75],{"class":67},[53,55355,78],{"class":71},[53,55357,75],{"class":67},[53,55359,83],{"class":71},[53,55361,86],{"class":67},[53,55363,55364,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55365,55366],{"class":59},"new_numbers ",[53,55368,64],{"class":63},[53,55370,4138],{"class":59},[53,55372,95],{"class":67},[53,55374,12778],{"class":98},[53,55376,8510],{"class":67},[53,55378,55379],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55380,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55382,55383,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55384,55385],{"class":59},"new_numbers",[53,55387,95],{"class":67},[53,55389,99],{"class":98},[53,55391,102],{"class":67},[53,55393,105],{"class":71},[53,55395,108],{"class":67},[53,55397,55398],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55399,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55401,55402,55404,55406,55408,55410],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,55403,115],{"class":114},[53,55405,102],{"class":67},[53,55407,92],{"class":98},[53,55409,3539],{"class":67},[53,55411,55412],{"class":127},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[53,55414,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,55416,115],{"class":114},[53,55418,102],{"class":67},[53,55420,55385],{"class":98},[53,55422,3539],{"class":67},[53,55424,55425],{"class":127},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55427,131,55428,55430,55431,95],{},[18,55429,55325],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[23,55432,12717],{},[39,55434,3556,55436,3559],{"id":55435},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55437,55325],{},[14,55439,55440,597],{},[18,55441,55325],{},[140,55443,55444,55447,55450,55453],{},[143,55445,55446],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[143,55448,55449],{},"Returns that new list",[143,55451,55452],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[143,55454,55455],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55457,235],{},[44,55459,55461],{"className":46,"code":55460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55462,55463,55495,55510,55514,55524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55464,55465,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491,55493],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55466,245],{"class":59},[53,55468,64],{"class":63},[53,55470,68],{"class":67},[53,55472,253],{"class":252},[53,55474,257],{"class":256},[53,55476,253],{"class":252},[53,55478,75],{"class":67},[53,55480,264],{"class":252},[53,55482,267],{"class":256},[53,55484,253],{"class":252},[53,55486,75],{"class":67},[53,55488,264],{"class":252},[53,55490,292],{"class":256},[53,55492,253],{"class":252},[53,55494,86],{"class":67},[53,55496,55497,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55498,55499],{"class":59},"copied_fruits ",[53,55501,64],{"class":63},[53,55503,281],{"class":59},[53,55505,95],{"class":67},[53,55507,12778],{"class":98},[53,55509,8510],{"class":67},[53,55511,55512],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55513,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55515,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55517,115],{"class":114},[53,55519,102],{"class":67},[53,55521,311],{"class":98},[53,55523,108],{"class":67},[53,55525,55526,55528,55530,55533],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55527,115],{"class":114},[53,55529,102],{"class":67},[53,55531,55532],{"class":98},"copied_fruits",[53,55534,108],{"class":67},[14,55536,328],{},[44,55538,55540],{"className":46,"code":55539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55541,55542,55570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55543,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560,55562,55564,55566,55568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55545,338],{"class":67},[53,55547,341],{"class":252},[53,55549,257],{"class":256},[53,55551,341],{"class":252},[53,55553,75],{"class":67},[53,55555,350],{"class":252},[53,55557,267],{"class":256},[53,55559,341],{"class":252},[53,55561,75],{"class":67},[53,55563,350],{"class":252},[53,55565,292],{"class":256},[53,55567,341],{"class":252},[53,55569,86],{"class":67},[53,55571,55572,55574,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55573,338],{"class":67},[53,55575,341],{"class":252},[53,55577,257],{"class":256},[53,55579,341],{"class":252},[53,55581,75],{"class":67},[53,55583,350],{"class":252},[53,55585,267],{"class":256},[53,55587,341],{"class":252},[53,55589,75],{"class":67},[53,55591,350],{"class":252},[53,55593,292],{"class":256},[53,55595,341],{"class":252},[53,55597,86],{"class":67},[14,55599,55600],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[39,55602,2039],{"id":2038},[14,55604,2042],{},[44,55606,55608],{"className":46,"code":55607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55609,55610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55611,55612,55615,55617,55620,55622,55624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55613,55614],{"class":59},"new_list ",[53,55616,64],{"class":63},[53,55618,55619],{"class":59}," old_list",[53,55621,95],{"class":67},[53,55623,12778],{"class":98},[53,55625,8510],{"class":67},[14,55627,55628],{},"How it works:",[140,55630,55631,55637,55640],{},[143,55632,55633,55634,55636],{},"Call ",[18,55635,12643],{}," on an existing list",[143,55638,55639],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[143,55641,55642],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55644,55645],{},"Example with an empty list:",[44,55647,55649],{"className":46,"code":55648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55650,55651,55660,55676,55680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55652,55653,55656,55658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55654,55655],{"class":59},"empty_list ",[53,55657,64],{"class":63},[53,55659,521],{"class":67},[53,55661,55662,55665,55667,55670,55672,55674],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55663,55664],{"class":59},"new_empty_list ",[53,55666,64],{"class":63},[53,55668,55669],{"class":59}," empty_list",[53,55671,95],{"class":67},[53,55673,12778],{"class":98},[53,55675,8510],{"class":67},[53,55677,55678],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55679,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55681,55682,55684,55686,55689],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55683,115],{"class":114},[53,55685,102],{"class":67},[53,55687,55688],{"class":98},"new_empty_list",[53,55690,108],{"class":67},[14,55692,328],{},[44,55694,55695],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,55696,55697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55698,55699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55700,38160],{"class":67},[14,55702,55703],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[39,55705,55707,55708],{"id":55706},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55709,64],{},[14,55711,833,55712,13916,55714,37],{},[18,55713,64],{},[23,55715,36],{},[14,55717,55718],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[44,55720,55722],{"className":46,"code":55721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55723,55724,55744,55753,55757,55772,55776,55786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55725,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55727,60],{"class":59},[53,55729,64],{"class":63},[53,55731,68],{"class":67},[53,55733,72],{"class":71},[53,55735,75],{"class":67},[53,55737,78],{"class":71},[53,55739,75],{"class":67},[53,55741,83],{"class":71},[53,55743,86],{"class":67},[53,55745,55746,55749,55751],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55747,55748],{"class":59},"same_list ",[53,55750,64],{"class":63},[53,55752,43844],{"class":59},[53,55754,55755],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55756,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55758,55759,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55760,55761],{"class":59},"same_list",[53,55763,95],{"class":67},[53,55765,99],{"class":98},[53,55767,102],{"class":67},[53,55769,105],{"class":71},[53,55771,108],{"class":67},[53,55773,55774],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55775,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55777,55778,55780,55782,55784],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,55779,115],{"class":114},[53,55781,102],{"class":67},[53,55783,92],{"class":98},[53,55785,108],{"class":67},[53,55787,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,55789,115],{"class":114},[53,55791,102],{"class":67},[53,55793,55761],{"class":98},[53,55795,108],{"class":67},[14,55797,328],{},[44,55799,55801],{"className":46,"code":55800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55802,55803,55823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55804,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55806,338],{"class":67},[53,55808,72],{"class":71},[53,55810,75],{"class":67},[53,55812,78],{"class":71},[53,55814,75],{"class":67},[53,55816,83],{"class":71},[53,55818,75],{"class":67},[53,55820,759],{"class":71},[53,55822,86],{"class":67},[53,55824,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55826,338],{"class":67},[53,55828,72],{"class":71},[53,55830,75],{"class":67},[53,55832,78],{"class":71},[53,55834,75],{"class":67},[53,55836,83],{"class":71},[53,55838,75],{"class":67},[53,55840,759],{"class":71},[53,55842,86],{"class":67},[14,55844,55845],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55847,55848,55849,597],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,55850,12643],{},[44,55852,55854],{"className":46,"code":55853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,55855,55856,55876,55891,55895,55910,55914,55924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55857,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55859,60],{"class":59},[53,55861,64],{"class":63},[53,55863,68],{"class":67},[53,55865,72],{"class":71},[53,55867,75],{"class":67},[53,55869,78],{"class":71},[53,55871,75],{"class":67},[53,55873,83],{"class":71},[53,55875,86],{"class":67},[53,55877,55878,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55879,55880],{"class":59},"copied_numbers ",[53,55882,64],{"class":63},[53,55884,4138],{"class":59},[53,55886,95],{"class":67},[53,55888,12778],{"class":98},[53,55890,8510],{"class":67},[53,55892,55893],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,55894,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55896,55897,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,55898,55899],{"class":59},"copied_numbers",[53,55901,95],{"class":67},[53,55903,99],{"class":98},[53,55905,102],{"class":67},[53,55907,105],{"class":71},[53,55909,108],{"class":67},[53,55911,55912],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,55913,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,55915,55916,55918,55920,55922],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,55917,115],{"class":114},[53,55919,102],{"class":67},[53,55921,92],{"class":98},[53,55923,108],{"class":67},[53,55925,55926,55928,55930,55932],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,55927,115],{"class":114},[53,55929,102],{"class":67},[53,55931,55899],{"class":98},[53,55933,108],{"class":67},[14,55935,328],{},[44,55937,55939],{"className":46,"code":55938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55940,55941,55957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55942,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55944,338],{"class":67},[53,55946,72],{"class":71},[53,55948,75],{"class":67},[53,55950,78],{"class":71},[53,55952,75],{"class":67},[53,55954,83],{"class":71},[53,55956,86],{"class":67},[53,55958,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,55960,338],{"class":67},[53,55962,72],{"class":71},[53,55964,75],{"class":67},[53,55966,78],{"class":71},[53,55968,75],{"class":67},[53,55970,83],{"class":71},[53,55972,75],{"class":67},[53,55974,759],{"class":71},[53,55976,86],{"class":67},[14,55978,55979,55980,95],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[183,55981,186],{"href":185},[39,55983,55985],{"id":55984},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,55987,55988,12714,55990,95],{},[18,55989,55325],{},[23,55991,12717],{},[14,55993,1987],{},[140,55995,55996,55999],{},[143,55997,55998],{},"The outer list is new",[143,56000,56001],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56003,56004],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[44,56006,56008],{"className":46,"code":56007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56009,56010,56037,56051,56055,56074,56078,56088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56011,56012,56014,56016,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56013,11951],{"class":59},[53,56015,64],{"class":63},[53,56017,56018],{"class":67}," [[",[53,56020,72],{"class":71},[53,56022,75],{"class":67},[53,56024,78],{"class":71},[53,56026,17926],{"class":67},[53,56028,68],{"class":67},[53,56030,754],{"class":71},[53,56032,75],{"class":67},[53,56034,759],{"class":71},[53,56036,711],{"class":67},[53,56038,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56040,14174],{"class":59},[53,56042,64],{"class":63},[53,56044,12026],{"class":59},[53,56046,95],{"class":67},[53,56048,12778],{"class":98},[53,56050,8510],{"class":67},[53,56052,56053],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56054,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56056,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56072],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56058,14193],{"class":59},[53,56060,338],{"class":67},[53,56062,2000],{"class":71},[53,56064,1252],{"class":67},[53,56066,99],{"class":98},[53,56068,102],{"class":67},[53,56070,56071],{"class":71},"99",[53,56073,108],{"class":67},[53,56075,56076],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,56077,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56079,56080,56082,56084,56086],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,56081,115],{"class":114},[53,56083,102],{"class":67},[53,56085,11998],{"class":98},[53,56087,108],{"class":67},[53,56089,56090,56092,56094,56096],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,56091,115],{"class":114},[53,56093,102],{"class":67},[53,56095,14193],{"class":98},[53,56097,108],{"class":67},[14,56099,328],{},[44,56101,56103],{"className":46,"code":56102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56104,56105,56132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56106,56107,56110,56112,56114,56116,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56108,56109],{"class":67},"[[",[53,56111,72],{"class":71},[53,56113,75],{"class":67},[53,56115,78],{"class":71},[53,56117,75],{"class":67},[53,56119,10064],{"class":71},[53,56121,17926],{"class":67},[53,56123,68],{"class":67},[53,56125,754],{"class":71},[53,56127,75],{"class":67},[53,56129,759],{"class":71},[53,56131,711],{"class":67},[53,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56135,56109],{"class":67},[53,56137,72],{"class":71},[53,56139,75],{"class":67},[53,56141,78],{"class":71},[53,56143,75],{"class":67},[53,56145,10064],{"class":71},[53,56147,17926],{"class":67},[53,56149,68],{"class":67},[53,56151,754],{"class":71},[53,56153,75],{"class":67},[53,56155,759],{"class":71},[53,56157,711],{"class":67},[14,56159,56160],{},"Why did both change?",[140,56162,56163,56170],{},[143,56164,56165,4269,56167,56169],{},[18,56166,11998],{},[18,56168,14193],{}," are different outer lists",[143,56171,56172,56173,56176],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56174,56175],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56178,1134,56179,56181],{},[18,56180,12643],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[140,56183,56184,56187,56190],{},[143,56185,56186],{},"Numbers",[143,56188,56189],{},"Strings",[143,56191,40457],{},[14,56193,56194,56195,95],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[183,56196,13654],{"href":13653},[39,56198,17284],{"id":17283},[14,56200,56201,56203],{},[18,56202,55325],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56205,40768,56206,56208],{},[23,56207,36],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56210,56211],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56213,16520],{},[44,56215,56217],{"className":46,"code":56216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56218,56219,56243,56257,56261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56220,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56222,398],{"class":59},[53,56224,64],{"class":63},[53,56226,68],{"class":67},[53,56228,253],{"class":252},[53,56230,407],{"class":256},[53,56232,253],{"class":252},[53,56234,75],{"class":67},[53,56236,264],{"class":252},[53,56238,416],{"class":256},[53,56240,253],{"class":252},[53,56242,86],{"class":67},[53,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56246,12983],{"class":59},[53,56248,64],{"class":63},[53,56250,12988],{"class":59},[53,56252,95],{"class":67},[53,56254,12778],{"class":98},[53,56256,8510],{"class":67},[53,56258,56259],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56260,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56262,56263,56265,56267,56269],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56264,115],{"class":114},[53,56266,102],{"class":67},[53,56268,13007],{"class":98},[53,56270,108],{"class":67},[14,56272,56273],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[44,56275,56277],{"className":46,"code":56276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56278,56279,56303,56313,56317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56280,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56282,398],{"class":59},[53,56284,64],{"class":63},[53,56286,68],{"class":67},[53,56288,253],{"class":252},[53,56290,407],{"class":256},[53,56292,253],{"class":252},[53,56294,75],{"class":67},[53,56296,264],{"class":252},[53,56298,416],{"class":256},[53,56300,253],{"class":252},[53,56302,86],{"class":67},[53,56304,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56306,425],{"class":59},[53,56308,95],{"class":67},[53,56310,12778],{"class":98},[53,56312,8510],{"class":67},[53,56314,56315],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56316,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56320,115],{"class":114},[53,56322,102],{"class":67},[53,56324,425],{"class":98},[53,56326,108],{"class":67},[14,56328,56329,56330,56332],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56331,12643],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[39,56334,4835,56336],{"id":56335},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56337,55325],{},[14,56339,131,56340,10468],{},[18,56341,55325],{},[140,56343,56344,56347,56350,56353],{},[143,56345,56346],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[143,56348,56349],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[143,56351,56352],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[143,56354,56355,56356],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56357,56358],{},"[:]",[14,56360,235],{},[44,56362,56364],{"className":46,"code":56363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56365,56366,56386,56401,56405,56420,56424,56434],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56367,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56369,4938],{"class":59},[53,56371,64],{"class":63},[53,56373,68],{"class":67},[53,56375,539],{"class":71},[53,56377,75],{"class":67},[53,56379,7658],{"class":71},[53,56381,75],{"class":67},[53,56383,7663],{"class":71},[53,56385,86],{"class":67},[53,56387,56388,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56389,56390],{"class":59},"backup_scores ",[53,56392,64],{"class":63},[53,56394,4985],{"class":59},[53,56396,95],{"class":67},[53,56398,12778],{"class":98},[53,56400,8510],{"class":67},[53,56402,56403],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56404,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56406,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415,56418],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56408,16253],{"class":59},[53,56410,95],{"class":67},[53,56412,99],{"class":98},[53,56414,102],{"class":67},[53,56416,56417],{"class":71},"40",[53,56419,108],{"class":67},[53,56421,56422],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,56423,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56425,56426,56428,56430,56432],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,56427,115],{"class":114},[53,56429,102],{"class":67},[53,56431,16253],{"class":98},[53,56433,108],{"class":67},[53,56435,56436,56438,56440,56443],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,56437,115],{"class":114},[53,56439,102],{"class":67},[53,56441,56442],{"class":98},"backup_scores",[53,56444,108],{"class":67},[14,56446,328],{},[44,56448,56450],{"className":46,"code":56449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56451,56452,56472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56455,338],{"class":67},[53,56457,539],{"class":71},[53,56459,75],{"class":67},[53,56461,7658],{"class":71},[53,56463,75],{"class":67},[53,56465,7663],{"class":71},[53,56467,75],{"class":67},[53,56469,50707],{"class":71},[53,56471,86],{"class":67},[53,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56475,338],{"class":67},[53,56477,539],{"class":71},[53,56479,75],{"class":67},[53,56481,7658],{"class":71},[53,56483,75],{"class":67},[53,56485,7663],{"class":71},[53,56487,86],{"class":67},[14,56489,56490,56491,95],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[183,56492,55244,56494,10608],{"href":56493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56495,20],{},[39,56497,1039],{"id":1038},[14,56499,56500,56501,95],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56502,55325],{},[830,56504,833,56506,56508],{"id":56505},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56507,64],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56510,39062],{},[44,56512,56514],{"className":46,"code":56513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56515,56516,56536,56544,56558,56562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56517,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56519,2432],{"class":59},[53,56521,64],{"class":63},[53,56523,68],{"class":67},[53,56525,72],{"class":71},[53,56527,75],{"class":67},[53,56529,78],{"class":71},[53,56531,75],{"class":67},[53,56533,83],{"class":71},[53,56535,86],{"class":67},[53,56537,56538,56540,56542],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56539,2460],{"class":59},[53,56541,64],{"class":63},[53,56543,36039],{"class":59},[53,56545,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56547,1453],{"class":59},[53,56549,95],{"class":67},[53,56551,99],{"class":98},[53,56553,102],{"class":67},[53,56555,105],{"class":71},[53,56557,108],{"class":67},[53,56559,56560],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56561,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56563,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,56565,115],{"class":114},[53,56567,102],{"class":67},[53,56569,183],{"class":98},[53,56571,3539],{"class":67},[53,56573,55425],{"class":127},[14,56575,56576,56577,1381],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56578,12643],{},[44,56580,56582],{"className":46,"code":56581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56583,56584,56604,56619,56633,56637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56585,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56587,2432],{"class":59},[53,56589,64],{"class":63},[53,56591,68],{"class":67},[53,56593,72],{"class":71},[53,56595,75],{"class":67},[53,56597,78],{"class":71},[53,56599,75],{"class":67},[53,56601,83],{"class":71},[53,56603,86],{"class":67},[53,56605,56606,56608,56610,56613,56615,56617],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56607,2460],{"class":59},[53,56609,64],{"class":63},[53,56611,56612],{"class":59}," a",[53,56614,95],{"class":67},[53,56616,12778],{"class":98},[53,56618,8510],{"class":67},[53,56620,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56622,1453],{"class":59},[53,56624,95],{"class":67},[53,56626,99],{"class":98},[53,56628,102],{"class":67},[53,56630,105],{"class":71},[53,56632,108],{"class":67},[53,56634,56635],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56636,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,56640,115],{"class":114},[53,56642,102],{"class":67},[53,56644,183],{"class":98},[53,56646,3539],{"class":67},[53,56648,54656],{"class":127},[830,56650,56652],{"id":56651},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[44,56654,56656],{"className":46,"code":56655,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56657,56658,56678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56659,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56661,60],{"class":59},[53,56663,64],{"class":63},[53,56665,68],{"class":67},[53,56667,72],{"class":71},[53,56669,75],{"class":67},[53,56671,78],{"class":71},[53,56673,75],{"class":67},[53,56675,83],{"class":71},[53,56677,86],{"class":67},[53,56679,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56681,92],{"class":59},[53,56683,95],{"class":67},[53,56685,12778],{"class":98},[53,56687,8510],{"class":67},[14,56689,56690],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56692,39125],{},[44,56694,56696],{"className":46,"code":56695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56697,56698,56718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56699,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56701,60],{"class":59},[53,56703,64],{"class":63},[53,56705,68],{"class":67},[53,56707,72],{"class":71},[53,56709,75],{"class":67},[53,56711,78],{"class":71},[53,56713,75],{"class":67},[53,56715,83],{"class":71},[53,56717,86],{"class":67},[53,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56721,55880],{"class":59},[53,56723,64],{"class":63},[53,56725,4138],{"class":59},[53,56727,95],{"class":67},[53,56729,12778],{"class":98},[53,56731,8510],{"class":67},[830,56733,56735],{"id":56734},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[44,56737,56739],{"className":46,"code":56738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56740,56741,56759,56773,56777,56795,56799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56742,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56744,2432],{"class":59},[53,56746,64],{"class":63},[53,56748,56018],{"class":67},[53,56750,72],{"class":71},[53,56752,17926],{"class":67},[53,56754,68],{"class":67},[53,56756,1937],{"class":71},[53,56758,711],{"class":67},[53,56760,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56762,2460],{"class":59},[53,56764,64],{"class":63},[53,56766,56612],{"class":59},[53,56768,95],{"class":67},[53,56770,12778],{"class":98},[53,56772,8510],{"class":67},[53,56774,56775],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,56776,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,56780,1453],{"class":59},[53,56782,338],{"class":67},[53,56784,2000],{"class":71},[53,56786,1252],{"class":67},[53,56788,99],{"class":98},[53,56790,102],{"class":67},[53,56792,56071],{"class":71},[53,56794,108],{"class":67},[53,56796,56797],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,56798,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,56800,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,56802,115],{"class":114},[53,56804,102],{"class":67},[53,56806,183],{"class":98},[53,56808,3539],{"class":67},[53,56810,56811],{"class":127},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56813,56814,56815,56817],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,56816,55325],{}," is shallow.",[830,56819,25482,56821,56823],{"id":56820},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,56822,12643],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56825,56826,56828],{},[18,56827,12643],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[44,56830,56832],{"className":46,"code":56831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,56833,56834,56846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56835,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56837,7743],{"class":59},[53,56839,64],{"class":63},[53,56841,264],{"class":252},[53,56843,4878],{"class":256},[53,56845,3239],{"class":252},[53,56847,56848],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,56849,56850],{"class":127},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56852,56853],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[44,56855,56857],{"className":46,"code":56856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(name))\n",[18,56858,56859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56862,115],{"class":114},[53,56864,102],{"class":67},[53,56866,3102],{"class":2782},[53,56868,102],{"class":67},[53,56870,592],{"class":98},[53,56872,1907],{"class":67},[14,56874,56875,56876,56880],{},"You can also review ",[183,56877,56879],{"href":56878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[39,56882,1650],{"id":1649},[830,56884,12570,56886,56888],{"id":56885},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,56887,55325],{}," change the original list?",[14,56890,56891],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[830,56893,5055,56895,4269,56897,2370],{"id":56894},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,56896,55325],{},[18,56898,64],{},[14,56900,56901,56903,56904,56906],{},[18,56902,12643],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,56905,64],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[830,56908,14766,56910,14769],{"id":56909},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,56911,55325],{},[14,56913,56914],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[830,56916,56918],{"id":56917},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56920,42015,56921,56924],{},[18,56922,56923],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[830,56926,14766,56928,56930,56931,2370],{"id":56927},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,56929,55325],{}," the same as ",[18,56932,56358],{},[14,56934,56935],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[39,56937,1782],{"id":1781},[140,56939,56940,56945,56949,56954,56960],{},[143,56941,56942],{},[183,56943,14828],{"href":56944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[143,56946,56947],{},[183,56948,186],{"href":185},[143,56950,56951],{},[183,56952,56953],{"href":56878},"Creating a list in Python",[143,56955,56956],{},[183,56957,55244,56958,10608],{"href":56493},[18,56959,20],{},[143,56961,56962],{},[183,56963,13654],{"href":13653},[1810,56965,56966],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":56968},[56969,56970,56972,56973,56975,56976,56977,56979,56987,56998],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":55435,"depth":89,"text":56971},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":55706,"depth":89,"text":56974},"Why not use =",{"id":55984,"depth":89,"text":55985},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":56335,"depth":89,"text":56978},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":56980},[56981,56983,56984,56985],{"id":56505,"depth":111,"text":56982},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56651,"depth":111,"text":56652},{"id":56734,"depth":111,"text":56735},{"id":56820,"depth":111,"text":56986},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":56988},[56989,56991,56993,56995,56996],{"id":56885,"depth":111,"text":56990},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56894,"depth":111,"text":56992},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56909,"depth":111,"text":56994},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56917,"depth":111,"text":56918},{"id":56927,"depth":111,"text":56997},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55313,"description":56999},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57006,"title":57007,"body":57008,"description":58750,"extension":1841,"meta":58751,"navigation":301,"path":58752,"seo":58753,"stem":58754,"__hash__":58755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57009,"toc":58709},[57010,57016,57022,57025,57036,57039,57041,57104,57110,57115,57119,57133,57136,57141,57146,57148,57150,57169,57181,57183,57250,57252,57260,57265,57267,57275,57278,57295,57297,57421,57432,57436,57441,57444,57446,57464,57468,57554,57563,57571,57640,57642,57645,57657,57662,57666,57737,57740,57744,57748,57813,57815,57823,57827,57910,57912,57920,57924,57985,57987,57995,57999,58086,58088,58096,58101,58106,58109,58120,58122,58207,58212,58221,58223,58227,58231,58236,58298,58302,58310,58316,58325,58330,58379,58382,58403,58407,58469,58476,58481,58484,58571,58574,58585,58588,58608,58610,58616,58619,58623,58627,58633,58636,58642,58649,58657,58668,58670,58706],[10,57011,54066,57013,11190],{"id":57012},"python-list-count-method",[18,57014,57015],{},"count()",[14,57017,57018,57021],{},[18,57019,57020],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57023,57024],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[140,57026,57027,57030,57033],{},[143,57028,57029],{},"count one specific item",[143,57031,57032],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[143,57034,57035],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57037,57038],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[39,57040,42],{"id":41},[44,57042,57044],{"className":46,"code":57043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57045,57046,57074,57092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57047,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57049,60],{"class":59},[53,57051,64],{"class":63},[53,57053,68],{"class":67},[53,57055,72],{"class":71},[53,57057,75],{"class":67},[53,57059,78],{"class":71},[53,57061,75],{"class":67},[53,57063,78],{"class":71},[53,57065,75],{"class":67},[53,57067,83],{"class":71},[53,57069,75],{"class":67},[53,57071,78],{"class":71},[53,57073,86],{"class":67},[53,57075,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57077,276],{"class":59},[53,57079,64],{"class":63},[53,57081,4138],{"class":59},[53,57083,95],{"class":67},[53,57085,41122],{"class":98},[53,57087,102],{"class":67},[53,57089,1937],{"class":71},[53,57091,108],{"class":67},[53,57093,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57095,115],{"class":114},[53,57097,102],{"class":67},[53,57099,323],{"class":98},[53,57101,3539],{"class":67},[53,57103,50634],{"class":127},[14,57105,131,57106,57109],{},[18,57107,57108],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[39,57111,3556,57113,3559],{"id":57112},"what-listcount-does",[18,57114,57020],{},[14,57116,57117,597],{},[18,57118,57020],{},[140,57120,57121,57124,57127,57130],{},[143,57122,57123],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[143,57125,57126],{},"returns an integer",[143,57128,57129],{},"does not change the original list",[143,57131,57132],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57134,57135],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57137,57138,57139,95],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57140,754],{},[14,57142,57143,57144,95],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57145,2000],{},[39,57147,2039],{"id":2038},[14,57149,2042],{},[44,57151,57153],{"className":46,"code":57152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57154,57155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57156,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57158,203],{"class":59},[53,57160,95],{"class":67},[53,57162,41122],{"class":98},[53,57164,102],{"class":67},[53,57166,2350],{"class":98},[53,57168,108],{"class":67},[140,57170,57171,57176],{},[143,57172,57173,57175],{},[18,57174,203],{}," is the list you want to search",[143,57177,57178,57180],{},[18,57179,2350],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57182,235],{},[44,57184,57186],{"className":46,"code":57185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57187,57188,57228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57189,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57191,1411],{"class":59},[53,57193,64],{"class":63},[53,57195,68],{"class":67},[53,57197,253],{"class":252},[53,57199,183],{"class":256},[53,57201,253],{"class":252},[53,57203,75],{"class":67},[53,57205,264],{"class":252},[53,57207,1453],{"class":256},[53,57209,253],{"class":252},[53,57211,75],{"class":67},[53,57213,264],{"class":252},[53,57215,183],{"class":256},[53,57217,253],{"class":252},[53,57219,75],{"class":67},[53,57221,264],{"class":252},[53,57223,1428],{"class":256},[53,57225,253],{"class":252},[53,57227,86],{"class":67},[53,57229,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57231,115],{"class":114},[53,57233,102],{"class":67},[53,57235,1437],{"class":98},[53,57237,95],{"class":67},[53,57239,41122],{"class":98},[53,57241,102],{"class":67},[53,57243,253],{"class":252},[53,57245,183],{"class":256},[53,57247,253],{"class":252},[53,57249,1907],{"class":67},[14,57251,328],{},[44,57253,57254],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,57255,57256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57257,57258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57259,16921],{"class":71},[14,57261,57262,57263,95],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57264,2000],{},[39,57266,37883],{"id":37882},[14,57268,57269,57270,57272,57273,95],{},"The return value from ",[18,57271,57015],{}," is always an ",[18,57274,2071],{},[14,57276,57277],{},"Possible results:",[140,57279,57280,57285,57290],{},[143,57281,57282,57284],{},[18,57283,2000],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[143,57286,57287,57289],{},[18,57288,72],{}," if it appears once",[143,57291,57292,57294],{},[18,57293,1937],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57296,235],{},[44,57298,57300],{"className":46,"code":57299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57301,57302,57342,57346,57371,57396],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57303,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57305,398],{"class":59},[53,57307,64],{"class":63},[53,57309,68],{"class":67},[53,57311,253],{"class":252},[53,57313,407],{"class":256},[53,57315,253],{"class":252},[53,57317,75],{"class":67},[53,57319,264],{"class":252},[53,57321,416],{"class":256},[53,57323,253],{"class":252},[53,57325,75],{"class":67},[53,57327,264],{"class":252},[53,57329,436],{"class":256},[53,57331,253],{"class":252},[53,57333,75],{"class":67},[53,57335,264],{"class":252},[53,57337,416],{"class":256},[53,57339,253],{"class":252},[53,57341,86],{"class":67},[53,57343,57344],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57345,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,57347,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57349,115],{"class":114},[53,57351,102],{"class":67},[53,57353,425],{"class":98},[53,57355,95],{"class":67},[53,57357,41122],{"class":98},[53,57359,102],{"class":67},[53,57361,253],{"class":252},[53,57363,416],{"class":256},[53,57365,253],{"class":252},[53,57367,5236],{"class":67},[53,57369,57370],{"class":127},"   # 2\n",[53,57372,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,57374,115],{"class":114},[53,57376,102],{"class":67},[53,57378,425],{"class":98},[53,57380,95],{"class":67},[53,57382,41122],{"class":98},[53,57384,102],{"class":67},[53,57386,253],{"class":252},[53,57388,407],{"class":256},[53,57390,253],{"class":252},[53,57392,5236],{"class":67},[53,57394,57395],{"class":127},"    # 1\n",[53,57397,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,57399,115],{"class":114},[53,57401,102],{"class":67},[53,57403,425],{"class":98},[53,57405,95],{"class":67},[53,57407,41122],{"class":98},[53,57409,102],{"class":67},[53,57411,253],{"class":252},[53,57413,22389],{"class":256},[53,57415,253],{"class":252},[53,57417,5236],{"class":67},[53,57419,57420],{"class":127}," # 0\n",[14,57422,57423,57424,57426,57427,57429,57430,95],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57425,57015],{}," works, but using ",[18,57428,1565],{}," is often simpler. See ",[183,57431,6070],{"href":6069},[39,57433,57435],{"id":57434},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57437,57438,57440],{},[18,57439,57020],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57442,57443],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57445,43512],{},[140,57447,57448,57451,57454,57461],{},[143,57449,57450],{},"matches are based on equality",[143,57452,57453],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[143,57455,57456,4269,57458,57460],{},[18,57457,72],{},[18,57459,573],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[143,57462,57463],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[830,57465,57467],{"id":57466},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[44,57469,57471],{"className":46,"code":57470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57472,57473,57506,57530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57474,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57476,3946],{"class":59},[53,57478,64],{"class":63},[53,57480,68],{"class":67},[53,57482,253],{"class":252},[53,57484,257],{"class":256},[53,57486,253],{"class":252},[53,57488,75],{"class":67},[53,57490,264],{"class":252},[53,57492,57493],{"class":256},"Apple",[53,57495,253],{"class":252},[53,57497,75],{"class":67},[53,57499,264],{"class":252},[53,57501,257],{"class":256},[53,57503,253],{"class":252},[53,57505,86],{"class":67},[53,57507,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57509,115],{"class":114},[53,57511,102],{"class":67},[53,57513,3988],{"class":98},[53,57515,95],{"class":67},[53,57517,41122],{"class":98},[53,57519,102],{"class":67},[53,57521,253],{"class":252},[53,57523,257],{"class":256},[53,57525,253],{"class":252},[53,57527,5236],{"class":67},[53,57529,51278],{"class":127},[53,57531,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57533,115],{"class":114},[53,57535,102],{"class":67},[53,57537,3988],{"class":98},[53,57539,95],{"class":67},[53,57541,41122],{"class":98},[53,57543,102],{"class":67},[53,57545,253],{"class":252},[53,57547,57493],{"class":256},[53,57549,253],{"class":252},[53,57551,5236],{"class":67},[53,57553,27645],{"class":127},[14,57555,57556,4269,57559,57562],{},[18,57557,57558],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57560,57561],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[830,57564,57566,4269,57568,57570],{"id":57565},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57567,72],{},[18,57569,573],{}," can match",[44,57572,57574],{"className":46,"code":57573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57575,57576,57600,57620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57577,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57579,3702],{"class":59},[53,57581,64],{"class":63},[53,57583,68],{"class":67},[53,57585,72],{"class":71},[53,57587,75],{"class":67},[53,57589,674],{"class":369},[53,57591,75],{"class":67},[53,57593,78],{"class":71},[53,57595,75],{"class":67},[53,57597,5371],{"class":71},[53,57599,86],{"class":67},[53,57601,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57603,115],{"class":114},[53,57605,102],{"class":67},[53,57607,5233],{"class":98},[53,57609,95],{"class":67},[53,57611,41122],{"class":98},[53,57613,102],{"class":67},[53,57615,72],{"class":71},[53,57617,5236],{"class":67},[53,57619,50782],{"class":127},[53,57621,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57623,115],{"class":114},[53,57625,102],{"class":67},[53,57627,5233],{"class":98},[53,57629,95],{"class":67},[53,57631,41122],{"class":98},[53,57633,102],{"class":67},[53,57635,573],{"class":369},[53,57637,5236],{"class":67},[53,57639,50634],{"class":127},[14,57641,4286],{},[14,57643,57644],{},"In Python:",[140,57646,57647,57652],{},[143,57648,57649],{},[18,57650,57651],{},"True == 1",[143,57653,57654],{},[18,57655,57656],{},"False == 0",[14,57658,1134,57659,57661],{},[18,57660,57015],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[830,57663,57665],{"id":57664},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[44,57667,57669],{"className":46,"code":57668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57670,57671,57713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57672,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57674,516],{"class":59},[53,57676,64],{"class":63},[53,57678,56018],{"class":67},[53,57680,72],{"class":71},[53,57682,75],{"class":67},[53,57684,78],{"class":71},[53,57686,17926],{"class":67},[53,57688,68],{"class":67},[53,57690,754],{"class":71},[53,57692,75],{"class":67},[53,57694,759],{"class":71},[53,57696,17926],{"class":67},[53,57698,68],{"class":67},[53,57700,72],{"class":71},[53,57702,75],{"class":67},[53,57704,78],{"class":71},[53,57706,17926],{"class":67},[53,57708,68],{"class":67},[53,57710,72],{"class":71},[53,57712,711],{"class":67},[53,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57716,115],{"class":114},[53,57718,102],{"class":67},[53,57720,530],{"class":98},[53,57722,95],{"class":67},[53,57724,41122],{"class":98},[53,57726,619],{"class":67},[53,57728,72],{"class":71},[53,57730,75],{"class":67},[53,57732,78],{"class":71},[53,57734,4609],{"class":67},[53,57736,51278],{"class":127},[14,57738,57739],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[39,57741,57743],{"id":57742},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[830,57745,57747],{"id":57746},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[44,57749,57751],{"className":46,"code":57750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57752,57753,57781,57799,57803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57754,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57756,60],{"class":59},[53,57758,64],{"class":63},[53,57760,68],{"class":67},[53,57762,539],{"class":71},[53,57764,75],{"class":67},[53,57766,7658],{"class":71},[53,57768,75],{"class":67},[53,57770,5876],{"class":71},[53,57772,75],{"class":67},[53,57774,7663],{"class":71},[53,57776,75],{"class":67},[53,57778,5876],{"class":71},[53,57780,86],{"class":67},[53,57782,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57784,276],{"class":59},[53,57786,64],{"class":63},[53,57788,4138],{"class":59},[53,57790,95],{"class":67},[53,57792,41122],{"class":98},[53,57794,102],{"class":67},[53,57796,539],{"class":71},[53,57798,108],{"class":67},[53,57800,57801],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57802,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,57804,57805,57807,57809,57811],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,57806,115],{"class":114},[53,57808,102],{"class":67},[53,57810,323],{"class":98},[53,57812,108],{"class":67},[14,57814,328],{},[44,57816,57817],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,57818,57819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57820,57821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57822,46479],{"class":71},[830,57824,57826],{"id":57825},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[44,57828,57830],{"className":46,"code":57829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57831,57832,57874,57896,57900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57833,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57870,57872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57835,3946],{"class":59},[53,57837,64],{"class":63},[53,57839,68],{"class":67},[53,57841,253],{"class":252},[53,57843,36909],{"class":256},[53,57845,253],{"class":252},[53,57847,75],{"class":67},[53,57849,264],{"class":252},[53,57851,57852],{"class":256},"dog",[53,57854,253],{"class":252},[53,57856,75],{"class":67},[53,57858,264],{"class":252},[53,57860,36909],{"class":256},[53,57862,253],{"class":252},[53,57864,75],{"class":67},[53,57866,264],{"class":252},[53,57868,57869],{"class":256},"bird",[53,57871,253],{"class":252},[53,57873,86],{"class":67},[53,57875,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57877,276],{"class":59},[53,57879,64],{"class":63},[53,57881,6040],{"class":59},[53,57883,95],{"class":67},[53,57885,41122],{"class":98},[53,57887,102],{"class":67},[53,57889,253],{"class":252},[53,57891,36909],{"class":256},[53,57893,253],{"class":252},[53,57895,108],{"class":67},[53,57897,57898],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57899,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,57901,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,57903,115],{"class":114},[53,57905,102],{"class":67},[53,57907,323],{"class":98},[53,57909,108],{"class":67},[14,57911,328],{},[44,57913,57914],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,57915,57916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57917,57918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57919,16921],{"class":71},[830,57921,57923],{"id":57922},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[44,57925,57927],{"className":46,"code":57926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57928,57929,57953,57971,57975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57930,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57932,60],{"class":59},[53,57934,64],{"class":63},[53,57936,68],{"class":67},[53,57938,72],{"class":71},[53,57940,75],{"class":67},[53,57942,78],{"class":71},[53,57944,75],{"class":67},[53,57946,83],{"class":71},[53,57948,75],{"class":67},[53,57950,759],{"class":71},[53,57952,86],{"class":67},[53,57954,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,57956,276],{"class":59},[53,57958,64],{"class":63},[53,57960,4138],{"class":59},[53,57962,95],{"class":67},[53,57964,41122],{"class":98},[53,57966,102],{"class":67},[53,57968,2017],{"class":71},[53,57970,108],{"class":67},[53,57972,57973],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,57974,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,57976,57977,57979,57981,57983],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,57978,115],{"class":114},[53,57980,102],{"class":67},[53,57982,323],{"class":98},[53,57984,108],{"class":67},[14,57986,328],{},[44,57988,57989],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,57990,57991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57992,57993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57994,47114],{"class":71},[830,57996,57998],{"id":57997},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[44,58000,58002],{"className":46,"code":58001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58003,58004,58050,58072,58076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58005,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58007,1692],{"class":59},[53,58009,64],{"class":63},[53,58011,56018],{"class":67},[53,58013,72],{"class":71},[53,58015,75],{"class":67},[53,58017,78],{"class":71},[53,58019,17926],{"class":67},[53,58021,68],{"class":67},[53,58023,72],{"class":71},[53,58025,75],{"class":67},[53,58027,78],{"class":71},[53,58029,17926],{"class":67},[53,58031,68],{"class":67},[53,58033,1937],{"class":71},[53,58035,75],{"class":67},[53,58037,83],{"class":71},[53,58039,17926],{"class":67},[53,58041,68],{"class":67},[53,58043,72],{"class":71},[53,58045,75],{"class":67},[53,58047,78],{"class":71},[53,58049,711],{"class":67},[53,58051,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58053,276],{"class":59},[53,58055,64],{"class":63},[53,58057,14429],{"class":59},[53,58059,95],{"class":67},[53,58061,41122],{"class":98},[53,58063,619],{"class":67},[53,58065,72],{"class":71},[53,58067,75],{"class":67},[53,58069,78],{"class":71},[53,58071,632],{"class":67},[53,58073,58074],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,58075,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,58077,58078,58080,58082,58084],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,58079,115],{"class":114},[53,58081,102],{"class":67},[53,58083,323],{"class":98},[53,58085,108],{"class":67},[14,58087,328],{},[44,58089,58090],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,58091,58092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58093,58094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58095,46479],{"class":71},[39,58097,4835,58099],{"id":58098},"when-to-use-count",[18,58100,57015],{},[14,58102,131,58103,58105],{},[18,58104,57015],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58107,58108],{},"Good use cases:",[140,58110,58111,58114,58117],{},[143,58112,58113],{},"counting one specific item",[143,58115,58116],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[143,58118,58119],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58121,235],{},[44,58123,58125],{"className":46,"code":58124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58126,58127,58168,58192,58196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58128,58129,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58130,58131],{"class":59},"votes ",[53,58133,64],{"class":63},[53,58135,68],{"class":67},[53,58137,253],{"class":252},[53,58139,8525],{"class":256},[53,58141,253],{"class":252},[53,58143,75],{"class":67},[53,58145,264],{"class":252},[53,58147,8464],{"class":256},[53,58149,253],{"class":252},[53,58151,75],{"class":67},[53,58153,264],{"class":252},[53,58155,8525],{"class":256},[53,58157,253],{"class":252},[53,58159,75],{"class":67},[53,58161,264],{"class":252},[53,58163,8525],{"class":256},[53,58165,253],{"class":252},[53,58167,86],{"class":67},[53,58169,58170,58173,58175,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58171,58172],{"class":59},"yes_votes ",[53,58174,64],{"class":63},[53,58176,58177],{"class":59}," votes",[53,58179,95],{"class":67},[53,58181,41122],{"class":98},[53,58183,102],{"class":67},[53,58185,253],{"class":252},[53,58187,8525],{"class":256},[53,58189,253],{"class":252},[53,58191,108],{"class":67},[53,58193,58194],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,58195,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,58197,58198,58200,58202,58205],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,58199,115],{"class":114},[53,58201,102],{"class":67},[53,58203,58204],{"class":98},"yes_votes",[53,58206,108],{"class":67},[14,58208,58209,58211],{},[18,58210,57015],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58213,58214,58215,4269,58217,95],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[183,58216,186],{"href":185},[183,58218,58220],{"href":58219},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[39,58222,2709],{"id":2708},[14,58224,8313,58225,95],{},[18,58226,57020],{},[830,58228,58230],{"id":58229},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58232,58233,58235],{},[18,58234,57020],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[44,58237,58239],{"className":46,"code":58238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58240,58241,58274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58242,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58244,3946],{"class":59},[53,58246,64],{"class":63},[53,58248,68],{"class":67},[53,58250,253],{"class":252},[53,58252,58253],{"class":256},"apple pie",[53,58255,253],{"class":252},[53,58257,75],{"class":67},[53,58259,264],{"class":252},[53,58261,267],{"class":256},[53,58263,253],{"class":252},[53,58265,75],{"class":67},[53,58267,264],{"class":252},[53,58269,58253],{"class":256},[53,58271,253],{"class":252},[53,58273,86],{"class":67},[53,58275,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58277,115],{"class":114},[53,58279,102],{"class":67},[53,58281,3988],{"class":98},[53,58283,95],{"class":67},[53,58285,41122],{"class":98},[53,58287,102],{"class":67},[53,58289,253],{"class":252},[53,58291,257],{"class":256},[53,58293,253],{"class":252},[53,58295,5236],{"class":67},[53,58297,51110],{"class":127},[14,58299,2366,58300,2370],{},[18,58301,2000],{},[14,58303,28927,58304,58306,58307,95],{},[18,58305,57558],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58308,58309],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58311,58312,58313,95],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58314,58315],{},"str.count()",[830,58317,8319,58319,8322,58321,2758,58323],{"id":58318},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58320,57015],{},[18,58322,573],{},[18,58324,3552],{},[14,58326,58327,58329],{},[18,58328,57015],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[44,58331,58333],{"className":46,"code":58332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58334,58335,58359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58336,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58338,60],{"class":59},[53,58340,64],{"class":63},[53,58342,68],{"class":67},[53,58344,72],{"class":71},[53,58346,75],{"class":67},[53,58348,78],{"class":71},[53,58350,75],{"class":67},[53,58352,78],{"class":71},[53,58354,75],{"class":67},[53,58356,83],{"class":71},[53,58358,86],{"class":67},[53,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58362,115],{"class":114},[53,58364,102],{"class":67},[53,58366,92],{"class":98},[53,58368,95],{"class":67},[53,58370,41122],{"class":98},[53,58372,102],{"class":67},[53,58374,1937],{"class":71},[53,58376,5236],{"class":67},[53,58378,51278],{"class":127},[14,58380,58381],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[44,58383,58385],{"className":46,"code":58384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58386,58387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58388,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58390,115],{"class":114},[53,58392,102],{"class":67},[53,58394,1937],{"class":71},[53,58396,21038],{"class":1558},[53,58398,4138],{"class":98},[53,58400,3539],{"class":67},[53,58402,3542],{"class":127},[830,58404,58406],{"id":58405},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[44,58408,58410],{"className":46,"code":58409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58411,58412,58445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58413,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58441,58443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58415,4869],{"class":59},[53,58417,64],{"class":63},[53,58419,68],{"class":67},[53,58421,253],{"class":252},[53,58423,602],{"class":256},[53,58425,253],{"class":252},[53,58427,75],{"class":67},[53,58429,264],{"class":252},[53,58431,20082],{"class":256},[53,58433,253],{"class":252},[53,58435,75],{"class":67},[53,58437,264],{"class":252},[53,58439,58440],{"class":256},"SAM",[53,58442,253],{"class":252},[53,58444,86],{"class":67},[53,58446,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58448,115],{"class":114},[53,58450,102],{"class":67},[53,58452,4913],{"class":98},[53,58454,95],{"class":67},[53,58456,41122],{"class":98},[53,58458,102],{"class":67},[53,58460,253],{"class":252},[53,58462,20082],{"class":256},[53,58464,253],{"class":252},[53,58466,5236],{"class":67},[53,58468,27645],{"class":127},[14,58470,58471,58472,58475],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58473,58474],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[830,58477,29516,58479,33412],{"id":58478},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58480,57015],{},[14,58482,58483],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[44,58485,58487],{"className":46,"code":58486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58488,58489,58499,58513,58531,58545,58557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58490,58491,58493,58495,58497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58492,115],{"class":114},[53,58494,102],{"class":67},[53,58496,203],{"class":98},[53,58498,108],{"class":67},[53,58500,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58502,115],{"class":114},[53,58504,102],{"class":67},[53,58506,3102],{"class":2782},[53,58508,102],{"class":67},[53,58510,203],{"class":98},[53,58512,1907],{"class":67},[53,58514,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,58516,115],{"class":114},[53,58518,102],{"class":67},[53,58520,203],{"class":98},[53,58522,95],{"class":67},[53,58524,41122],{"class":98},[53,58526,102],{"class":67},[53,58528,2350],{"class":98},[53,58530,1907],{"class":67},[53,58532,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,58534,115],{"class":114},[53,58536,102],{"class":67},[53,58538,2325],{"class":98},[53,58540,1565],{"class":1558},[53,58542,8262],{"class":98},[53,58544,108],{"class":67},[53,58546,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,58548,1559],{"class":1558},[53,58550,5833],{"class":59},[53,58552,1565],{"class":1558},[53,58554,8262],{"class":59},[53,58556,6265],{"class":67},[53,58558,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,58560,7936],{"class":114},[53,58562,102],{"class":67},[53,58564,41642],{"class":114},[53,58566,102],{"class":67},[53,58568,212],{"class":98},[53,58570,1907],{"class":67},[14,58572,58573],{},"These checks can help you see:",[140,58575,58576,58579,58582],{},[143,58577,58578],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[143,58580,58581],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[143,58583,58584],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58586,58587],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[140,58589,58590,58595,58598,58605],{},[143,58591,50355,58592,58594],{},[18,58593,57015],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[143,58596,58597],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[143,58599,10974,58600,58602,58603],{},[18,58601,57020],{}," with string ",[18,58604,57015],{},[143,58606,58607],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[39,58609,1650],{"id":1649},[830,58611,12570,58613,58615],{"id":58612},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58614,57020],{}," change the list?",[14,58617,58618],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[830,58620,58622],{"id":58621},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58624,229,58625,95],{},[18,58626,2000],{},[830,58628,5045,58630,58632],{"id":58629},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58631,57020],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58634,58635],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[830,58637,14766,58639,58641],{"id":58638},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58640,57020],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58643,42015,58644,4269,58646,58648],{},[18,58645,57561],{},[18,58647,57558],{}," are different values.",[830,58650,5033,58652,58654,58655,2370],{"id":58651},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58653,573],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58656,72],{},[14,58658,8653,58659,58661,58662,4269,58664,58661,58666,95],{},[18,58660,573],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58663,72],{},[18,58665,3552],{},[18,58667,2000],{},[39,58669,1782],{"id":1781},[140,58671,58672,58676,58682,58686,58694,58701],{},[143,58673,58674],{},[183,58675,186],{"href":185},[143,58677,58678],{},[183,58679,58681],{"href":58680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[143,58683,58684],{},[183,58685,6805],{"href":6069},[143,58687,58688],{},[183,58689,55244,58691,10608],{"href":58690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,58692,58693],{},"index()",[143,58695,58696],{},[183,58697,3457,58699],{"href":58698},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58700,42223],{},[143,58702,58703],{},[183,58704,58705],{"href":58219},"What is a list in Python",[1810,58707,58708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":58710},[58711,58712,58714,58715,58716,58722,58728,58730,58738,58749],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":57112,"depth":89,"text":58713},"What list.count() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":37882,"depth":89,"text":37883},{"id":57434,"depth":89,"text":57435,"children":58717},[58718,58719,58721],{"id":57466,"depth":111,"text":57467},{"id":57565,"depth":111,"text":58720},"1 and True can match",{"id":57664,"depth":111,"text":57665},{"id":57742,"depth":89,"text":57743,"children":58723},[58724,58725,58726,58727],{"id":57746,"depth":111,"text":57747},{"id":57825,"depth":111,"text":57826},{"id":57922,"depth":111,"text":57923},{"id":57997,"depth":111,"text":57998},{"id":58098,"depth":89,"text":58729},"When to use count()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":58731},[58732,58733,58735,58736],{"id":58229,"depth":111,"text":58230},{"id":58318,"depth":111,"text":58734},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58405,"depth":111,"text":58406},{"id":58478,"depth":111,"text":58737},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":58739},[58740,58742,58743,58745,58747],{"id":58612,"depth":111,"text":58741},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58621,"depth":111,"text":58622},{"id":58629,"depth":111,"text":58744},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58638,"depth":111,"text":58746},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58651,"depth":111,"text":58748},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57007,"description":58750},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58757,"title":58758,"body":58759,"description":60722,"extension":1841,"meta":60723,"navigation":301,"path":60724,"seo":60725,"stem":60726,"__hash__":60727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58760,"toc":60685},[58761,58764,58767,58769,58897,58901,58982,58993,58995,59014,59018,59021,59024,59042,59044,59087,59091,59116,59125,59129,59134,59137,59254,59258,59327,59331,59343,59347,59350,59391,59395,59408,59411,59496,59500,59533,59540,59546,59551,59553,59565,59569,59602,59606,59638,59642,59679,59683,59703,59707,59741,59745,59774,59785,59789,59792,59795,59808,59865,59869,59908,59914,59917,59919,59922,59926,59929,59954,59956,59981,59988,59991,60036,60040,60059,60062,60101,60108,60113,60147,60151,60252,60259,60292,60296,60322,60326,60329,60367,60370,60407,60411,60414,60433,60437,60498,60500,60518,60522,60525,60528,60557,60559,60563,60566,60574,60578,60581,60601,60607,60613,60617,60620,60627,60635,60637,60676,60682],[10,58762,58758],{"id":58763},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58765,58766],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[39,58768,42],{"id":41},[44,58770,58772],{"className":46,"code":58771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,58773,58774,58794,58826,58834,58852,58856,58866,58876,58887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58775,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58777,60],{"class":59},[53,58779,64],{"class":63},[53,58781,68],{"class":67},[53,58783,72],{"class":71},[53,58785,75],{"class":67},[53,58787,78],{"class":71},[53,58789,75],{"class":67},[53,58791,83],{"class":71},[53,58793,86],{"class":67},[53,58795,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58797,4869],{"class":59},[53,58799,64],{"class":63},[53,58801,68],{"class":67},[53,58803,253],{"class":252},[53,58805,12747],{"class":256},[53,58807,253],{"class":252},[53,58809,75],{"class":67},[53,58811,264],{"class":252},[53,58813,35806],{"class":256},[53,58815,253],{"class":252},[53,58817,75],{"class":67},[53,58819,264],{"class":252},[53,58821,35815],{"class":256},[53,58823,253],{"class":252},[53,58825,86],{"class":67},[53,58827,58828,58830,58832],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,58829,55655],{"class":59},[53,58831,64],{"class":63},[53,58833,521],{"class":67},[53,58835,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,58837,1411],{"class":59},[53,58839,64],{"class":63},[53,58841,22425],{"class":2782},[53,58843,102],{"class":67},[53,58845,253],{"class":252},[53,58847,41423],{"class":256},[53,58849,253],{"class":252},[53,58851,108],{"class":67},[53,58853,58854],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,58855,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,58857,58858,58860,58862,58864],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,58859,115],{"class":114},[53,58861,102],{"class":67},[53,58863,92],{"class":98},[53,58865,108],{"class":67},[53,58867,58868,58870,58872,58874],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,58869,115],{"class":114},[53,58871,102],{"class":67},[53,58873,4913],{"class":98},[53,58875,108],{"class":67},[53,58877,58878,58880,58882,58885],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,58879,115],{"class":114},[53,58881,102],{"class":67},[53,58883,58884],{"class":98},"empty_list",[53,58886,108],{"class":67},[53,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,58890,115],{"class":114},[53,58892,102],{"class":67},[53,58894,1437],{"class":98},[53,58896,108],{"class":67},[14,58898,58899],{},[23,58900,328],{},[44,58902,58904],{"className":46,"code":58903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,58905,58906,58922,58950,58954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58907,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58909,338],{"class":67},[53,58911,72],{"class":71},[53,58913,75],{"class":67},[53,58915,78],{"class":71},[53,58917,75],{"class":67},[53,58919,83],{"class":71},[53,58921,86],{"class":67},[53,58923,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,58925,338],{"class":67},[53,58927,341],{"class":252},[53,58929,12747],{"class":256},[53,58931,341],{"class":252},[53,58933,75],{"class":67},[53,58935,350],{"class":252},[53,58937,35806],{"class":256},[53,58939,341],{"class":252},[53,58941,75],{"class":67},[53,58943,350],{"class":252},[53,58945,35815],{"class":256},[53,58947,341],{"class":252},[53,58949,86],{"class":67},[53,58951,58952],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,58953,38160],{"class":67},[53,58955,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,58957,338],{"class":67},[53,58959,341],{"class":252},[53,58961,183],{"class":256},[53,58963,341],{"class":252},[53,58965,75],{"class":67},[53,58967,350],{"class":252},[53,58969,1453],{"class":256},[53,58971,341],{"class":252},[53,58973,75],{"class":67},[53,58975,350],{"class":252},[53,58977,1428],{"class":256},[53,58979,341],{"class":252},[53,58981,86],{"class":67},[14,58983,58984,58985,58987,58988,58990,58991,95],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,58986,3666],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,58989,24646],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,58992,36062],{},[39,58994,15026],{"id":15025},[140,58996,58997,59000,59003,59006,59011],{},[143,58998,58999],{},"What a list is in Python",[143,59001,59002],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[143,59004,59005],{},"How to create an empty list",[143,59007,59008,59009,2182],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59010,24646],{},[143,59012,59013],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[39,59015,59017],{"id":59016},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59019,59020],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59022,59023],{},"This means:",[140,59025,59026,59029,59032,59035],{},[143,59027,59028],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[143,59030,59031],{},"The order of items is kept",[143,59033,59034],{},"A list can hold different data types",[143,59036,59037,59038,59041],{},"A list is ",[23,59039,59040],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59043,235],{},[44,59045,59047],{"className":46,"code":59046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59048,59049,59073,59077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59050,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59052,516],{"class":59},[53,59054,64],{"class":63},[53,59056,68],{"class":67},[53,59058,253],{"class":252},[53,59060,257],{"class":256},[53,59062,253],{"class":252},[53,59064,75],{"class":67},[53,59066,5876],{"class":71},[53,59068,75],{"class":67},[53,59070,674],{"class":369},[53,59072,86],{"class":67},[53,59074,59075],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59076,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59078,59079,59081,59083,59085],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59080,115],{"class":114},[53,59082,102],{"class":67},[53,59084,530],{"class":98},[53,59086,108],{"class":67},[14,59088,59089],{},[23,59090,328],{},[44,59092,59094],{"className":46,"code":59093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59095,59096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59097,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59099,338],{"class":67},[53,59101,341],{"class":252},[53,59103,257],{"class":256},[53,59105,341],{"class":252},[53,59107,75],{"class":67},[53,59109,5876],{"class":71},[53,59111,75],{"class":67},[53,59113,674],{"class":369},[53,59115,86],{"class":67},[14,59117,59118,59119,2758,59122,95],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[183,59120,59121],{"href":185},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[183,59123,59124],{"href":58219},"What is a List in Python?",[39,59126,59128],{"id":59127},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59130,58984,59131,59133],{},[18,59132,3666],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59135,59136],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[44,59138,59140],{"className":46,"code":59139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59141,59142,59162,59194,59219,59223,59233,59243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59143,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59145,60],{"class":59},[53,59147,64],{"class":63},[53,59149,68],{"class":67},[53,59151,72],{"class":71},[53,59153,75],{"class":67},[53,59155,78],{"class":71},[53,59157,75],{"class":67},[53,59159,83],{"class":71},[53,59161,86],{"class":67},[53,59163,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59165,4869],{"class":59},[53,59167,64],{"class":63},[53,59169,68],{"class":67},[53,59171,253],{"class":252},[53,59173,12747],{"class":256},[53,59175,253],{"class":252},[53,59177,75],{"class":67},[53,59179,264],{"class":252},[53,59181,35806],{"class":256},[53,59183,253],{"class":252},[53,59185,75],{"class":67},[53,59187,264],{"class":252},[53,59189,35815],{"class":256},[53,59191,253],{"class":252},[53,59193,86],{"class":67},[53,59195,59196,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59197,59198],{"class":59},"mixed ",[53,59200,64],{"class":63},[53,59202,68],{"class":67},[53,59204,539],{"class":71},[53,59206,75],{"class":67},[53,59208,264],{"class":252},[53,59210,556],{"class":256},[53,59212,253],{"class":252},[53,59214,75],{"class":67},[53,59216,3783],{"class":369},[53,59218,86],{"class":67},[53,59220,59221],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,59222,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59224,59225,59227,59229,59231],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,59226,115],{"class":114},[53,59228,102],{"class":67},[53,59230,92],{"class":98},[53,59232,108],{"class":67},[53,59234,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,59236,115],{"class":114},[53,59238,102],{"class":67},[53,59240,4913],{"class":98},[53,59242,108],{"class":67},[53,59244,59245,59247,59249,59252],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,59246,115],{"class":114},[53,59248,102],{"class":67},[53,59250,59251],{"class":98},"mixed",[53,59253,108],{"class":67},[14,59255,59256],{},[23,59257,328],{},[44,59259,59261],{"className":46,"code":59260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59262,59263,59279,59307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59264,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59266,338],{"class":67},[53,59268,72],{"class":71},[53,59270,75],{"class":67},[53,59272,78],{"class":71},[53,59274,75],{"class":67},[53,59276,83],{"class":71},[53,59278,86],{"class":67},[53,59280,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59282,338],{"class":67},[53,59284,341],{"class":252},[53,59286,12747],{"class":256},[53,59288,341],{"class":252},[53,59290,75],{"class":67},[53,59292,350],{"class":252},[53,59294,35806],{"class":256},[53,59296,341],{"class":252},[53,59298,75],{"class":67},[53,59300,350],{"class":252},[53,59302,35815],{"class":256},[53,59304,341],{"class":252},[53,59306,86],{"class":67},[53,59308,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59310,338],{"class":67},[53,59312,539],{"class":71},[53,59314,75],{"class":67},[53,59316,350],{"class":252},[53,59318,556],{"class":256},[53,59320,341],{"class":252},[53,59322,75],{"class":67},[53,59324,3783],{"class":369},[53,59326,86],{"class":67},[830,59328,59330],{"id":59329},"key-points","Key points",[140,59332,59333,59338,59340],{},[143,59334,131,59335,59337],{},[18,59336,3666],{}," to make a new list",[143,59339,15296],{},[143,59341,59342],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[39,59344,59346],{"id":59345},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59348,59349],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[44,59351,59353],{"className":46,"code":59352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59354,59355,59363,59367,59377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59356,59357,59359,59361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59358,8176],{"class":59},[53,59360,64],{"class":63},[53,59362,521],{"class":67},[53,59364,59365],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59366,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59368,59369,59371,59373,59375],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59370,115],{"class":114},[53,59372,102],{"class":67},[53,59374,203],{"class":98},[53,59376,108],{"class":67},[53,59378,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,59380,115],{"class":114},[53,59382,102],{"class":67},[53,59384,11029],{"class":114},[53,59386,102],{"class":67},[53,59388,203],{"class":98},[53,59390,1907],{"class":67},[14,59392,59393],{},[23,59394,328],{},[44,59396,59398],{"className":46,"code":59397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[]\n0\n",[18,59399,59400,59404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59401,59402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59403,38160],{"class":67},[53,59405,59406],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59407,47114],{"class":71},[14,59409,59410],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[44,59412,59414],{"className":46,"code":59413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59415,59416,59424,59428,59446,59464,59482,59486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59417,59418,59420,59422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59419,4869],{"class":59},[53,59421,64],{"class":63},[53,59423,521],{"class":67},[53,59425,59426],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59427,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59429,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59431,4913],{"class":59},[53,59433,95],{"class":67},[53,59435,99],{"class":98},[53,59437,102],{"class":67},[53,59439,253],{"class":252},[53,59441,12747],{"class":256},[53,59443,253],{"class":252},[53,59445,108],{"class":67},[53,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,59449,4913],{"class":59},[53,59451,95],{"class":67},[53,59453,99],{"class":98},[53,59455,102],{"class":67},[53,59457,253],{"class":252},[53,59459,35806],{"class":256},[53,59461,253],{"class":252},[53,59463,108],{"class":67},[53,59465,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,59467,4913],{"class":59},[53,59469,95],{"class":67},[53,59471,99],{"class":98},[53,59473,102],{"class":67},[53,59475,253],{"class":252},[53,59477,35815],{"class":256},[53,59479,253],{"class":252},[53,59481,108],{"class":67},[53,59483,59484],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,59485,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59487,59488,59490,59492,59494],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,59489,115],{"class":114},[53,59491,102],{"class":67},[53,59493,4913],{"class":98},[53,59495,108],{"class":67},[14,59497,59498],{},[23,59499,328],{},[44,59501,59503],{"className":46,"code":59502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59504,59505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59506,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59508,338],{"class":67},[53,59510,341],{"class":252},[53,59512,12747],{"class":256},[53,59514,341],{"class":252},[53,59516,75],{"class":67},[53,59518,350],{"class":252},[53,59520,35806],{"class":256},[53,59522,341],{"class":252},[53,59524,75],{"class":67},[53,59526,350],{"class":252},[53,59528,35815],{"class":256},[53,59530,341],{"class":252},[53,59532,86],{"class":67},[14,59534,59535,59536,95],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[183,59537,59538,10608],{"href":56493},[18,59539,20],{},[39,59541,59543,59544],{"id":59542},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59545,24646],{},[14,59547,131,59548,59550],{},[18,59549,24646],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59552,5330],{},[140,59554,59555,59557,59559,59561],{},[143,59556,166],{},[143,59558,5178],{},[143,59560,5181],{},[143,59562,59563],{},[18,59564,36062],{},[830,59566,59568],{"id":59567},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[44,59570,59572],{"className":46,"code":59571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59573,59574,59592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59575,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59577,1411],{"class":59},[53,59579,64],{"class":63},[53,59581,22425],{"class":2782},[53,59583,102],{"class":67},[53,59585,253],{"class":252},[53,59587,41423],{"class":256},[53,59589,253],{"class":252},[53,59591,108],{"class":67},[53,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59595,115],{"class":114},[53,59597,102],{"class":67},[53,59599,1437],{"class":98},[53,59601,108],{"class":67},[14,59603,59604],{},[23,59605,328],{},[44,59607,59608],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,59609,59610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59611,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59613,338],{"class":67},[53,59615,341],{"class":252},[53,59617,183],{"class":256},[53,59619,341],{"class":252},[53,59621,75],{"class":67},[53,59623,350],{"class":252},[53,59625,1453],{"class":256},[53,59627,341],{"class":252},[53,59629,75],{"class":67},[53,59631,350],{"class":252},[53,59633,1428],{"class":256},[53,59635,341],{"class":252},[53,59637,86],{"class":67},[830,59639,59641],{"id":59640},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[44,59643,59645],{"className":46,"code":59644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59646,59647,59669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59648,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59650,60],{"class":59},[53,59652,64],{"class":63},[53,59654,22425],{"class":2782},[53,59656,5384],{"class":67},[53,59658,72],{"class":71},[53,59660,75],{"class":67},[53,59662,78],{"class":71},[53,59664,75],{"class":67},[53,59666,83],{"class":71},[53,59668,1907],{"class":67},[53,59670,59671,59673,59675,59677],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59672,115],{"class":114},[53,59674,102],{"class":67},[53,59676,92],{"class":98},[53,59678,108],{"class":67},[14,59680,59681],{},[23,59682,328],{},[44,59684,59685],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,59686,59687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59688,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59690,338],{"class":67},[53,59692,72],{"class":71},[53,59694,75],{"class":67},[53,59696,78],{"class":71},[53,59698,75],{"class":67},[53,59700,83],{"class":71},[53,59702,86],{"class":67},[830,59704,59706],{"id":59705},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[44,59708,59710],{"className":46,"code":59709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59711,59712,59731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59713,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59725,59727,59729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59715,3702],{"class":59},[53,59717,64],{"class":63},[53,59719,22425],{"class":2782},[53,59721,102],{"class":67},[53,59723,59724],{"class":114},"range",[53,59726,102],{"class":67},[53,59728,2017],{"class":71},[53,59730,1907],{"class":67},[53,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59734,115],{"class":114},[53,59736,102],{"class":67},[53,59738,5233],{"class":98},[53,59740,108],{"class":67},[14,59742,59743],{},[23,59744,328],{},[44,59746,59748],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,59749,59750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59753,338],{"class":67},[53,59755,2000],{"class":71},[53,59757,75],{"class":67},[53,59759,5371],{"class":71},[53,59761,75],{"class":67},[53,59763,78],{"class":71},[53,59765,75],{"class":67},[53,59767,83],{"class":71},[53,59769,75],{"class":67},[53,59771,759],{"class":71},[53,59773,86],{"class":67},[14,59775,59776,59778,59779,95],{},[18,59777,24646],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[183,59780,59782,59784],{"href":59781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,59783,24646],{},": Function Explained",[39,59786,59788],{"id":59787},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59790,59791],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59793,59794],{},"Examples include:",[140,59796,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805],{},[143,59798,166],{},[143,59800,40287],{},[143,59802,51909],{},[143,59804,169],{},[143,59806,59807],{},"other lists",[44,59809,59811],{"className":46,"code":59810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,59812,59813,59851,59855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59814,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59816,1692],{"class":59},[53,59818,64],{"class":63},[53,59820,68],{"class":67},[53,59822,253],{"class":252},[53,59824,12747],{"class":256},[53,59826,253],{"class":252},[53,59828,75],{"class":67},[53,59830,9173],{"class":71},[53,59832,75],{"class":67},[53,59834,674],{"class":369},[53,59836,75],{"class":67},[53,59838,68],{"class":67},[53,59840,72],{"class":71},[53,59842,75],{"class":67},[53,59844,78],{"class":71},[53,59846,75],{"class":67},[53,59848,83],{"class":71},[53,59850,711],{"class":67},[53,59852,59853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59854,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,59856,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,59858,115],{"class":114},[53,59860,102],{"class":67},[53,59862,1709],{"class":98},[53,59864,108],{"class":67},[14,59866,59867],{},[23,59868,328],{},[44,59870,59872],{"className":46,"code":59871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,59873,59874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59875,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59877,338],{"class":67},[53,59879,341],{"class":252},[53,59881,12747],{"class":256},[53,59883,341],{"class":252},[53,59885,75],{"class":67},[53,59887,9173],{"class":71},[53,59889,75],{"class":67},[53,59891,674],{"class":369},[53,59893,75],{"class":67},[53,59895,68],{"class":67},[53,59897,72],{"class":71},[53,59899,75],{"class":67},[53,59901,78],{"class":71},[53,59903,75],{"class":67},[53,59905,83],{"class":71},[53,59907,711],{"class":67},[14,59909,59910,59911,95],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[23,59912,59913],{},"nested list",[14,59915,59916],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[39,59918,1039],{"id":1038},[14,59920,59921],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[830,59923,59925],{"id":59924},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59927,59928],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[44,59930,59932],{"className":46,"code":59931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,59933,59934,59938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59935,59936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59937,4410],{"class":127},[53,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,59941,60],{"class":59},[53,59943,64],{"class":63},[53,59945,68],{"class":67},[53,59947,72],{"class":71},[53,59949,78],{"class":71},[53,59951,83],{"class":71},[53,59953,86],{"class":67},[14,59955,1143],{},[44,59957,59959],{"className":46,"code":59958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,59960,59961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59962,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59964,60],{"class":59},[53,59966,64],{"class":63},[53,59968,68],{"class":67},[53,59970,72],{"class":71},[53,59972,75],{"class":67},[53,59974,78],{"class":71},[53,59976,75],{"class":67},[53,59978,83],{"class":71},[53,59980,86],{"class":67},[830,59982,833,59984,10959,59986],{"id":59983},"using-instead-of",[18,59985,7235],{},[18,59987,3666],{},[14,59989,59990],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[44,59992,59994],{"className":46,"code":59993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,59995,59996,60017,60021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59997,59998,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59999,60000],{"class":59},"my_values ",[53,60002,64],{"class":63},[53,60004,9103],{"class":67},[53,60006,72],{"class":71},[53,60008,75],{"class":67},[53,60010,78],{"class":71},[53,60012,75],{"class":67},[53,60014,83],{"class":71},[53,60016,108],{"class":67},[53,60018,60019],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60020,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,60022,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60034],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,60024,115],{"class":114},[53,60026,102],{"class":67},[53,60028,3102],{"class":2782},[53,60030,102],{"class":67},[53,60032,60033],{"class":98},"my_values",[53,60035,1907],{"class":67},[14,60037,60038],{},[23,60039,328],{},[44,60041,60043],{"className":46,"code":60042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60044,60045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60048,3171],{"class":63},[53,60050,3174],{"class":1945},[53,60052,350],{"class":252},[53,60054,48816],{"class":256},[53,60056,341],{"class":252},[53,60058,3183],{"class":63},[14,60060,60061],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[44,60063,60065],{"className":46,"code":60064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60066,60067,60087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60068,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60070,60000],{"class":59},[53,60072,64],{"class":63},[53,60074,68],{"class":67},[53,60076,72],{"class":71},[53,60078,75],{"class":67},[53,60080,78],{"class":71},[53,60082,75],{"class":67},[53,60084,83],{"class":71},[53,60086,86],{"class":67},[53,60088,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60090,115],{"class":114},[53,60092,102],{"class":67},[53,60094,3102],{"class":2782},[53,60096,102],{"class":67},[53,60098,60033],{"class":98},[53,60100,1907],{"class":67},[830,60102,8319,60104,60107],{"id":60103},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60105,60106],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60109,60110,60112],{},[18,60111,24646],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[44,60114,60116],{"className":46,"code":60115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60117,60118,60137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60119,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60133,60135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60121,276],{"class":59},[53,60123,64],{"class":63},[53,60125,22425],{"class":2782},[53,60127,102],{"class":67},[53,60129,253],{"class":252},[53,60131,60132],{"class":256},"hello world",[53,60134,253],{"class":252},[53,60136,108],{"class":67},[53,60138,60139,60141,60143,60145],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60140,115],{"class":114},[53,60142,102],{"class":67},[53,60144,323],{"class":98},[53,60146,108],{"class":67},[14,60148,60149],{},[23,60150,328],{},[44,60152,60154],{"className":46,"code":60153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60155,60156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60157,60158,60160,60162,60165,60167,60169,60171,60174,60176,60178,60180,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60159,338],{"class":67},[53,60161,341],{"class":252},[53,60163,60164],{"class":256},"h",[53,60166,341],{"class":252},[53,60168,75],{"class":67},[53,60170,350],{"class":252},[53,60172,60173],{"class":256},"e",[53,60175,341],{"class":252},[53,60177,75],{"class":67},[53,60179,350],{"class":252},[53,60181,60182],{"class":256},"l",[53,60184,341],{"class":252},[53,60186,75],{"class":67},[53,60188,350],{"class":252},[53,60190,60182],{"class":256},[53,60192,341],{"class":252},[53,60194,75],{"class":67},[53,60196,350],{"class":252},[53,60198,60199],{"class":256},"o",[53,60201,341],{"class":252},[53,60203,75],{"class":67},[53,60205,350],{"class":252},[53,60207,350],{"class":252},[53,60209,75],{"class":67},[53,60211,350],{"class":252},[53,60213,60214],{"class":256},"w",[53,60216,341],{"class":252},[53,60218,75],{"class":67},[53,60220,350],{"class":252},[53,60222,60199],{"class":256},[53,60224,341],{"class":252},[53,60226,75],{"class":67},[53,60228,350],{"class":252},[53,60230,60231],{"class":256},"r",[53,60233,341],{"class":252},[53,60235,75],{"class":67},[53,60237,350],{"class":252},[53,60239,60182],{"class":256},[53,60241,341],{"class":252},[53,60243,75],{"class":67},[53,60245,350],{"class":252},[53,60247,18632],{"class":256},[53,60249,341],{"class":252},[53,60251,86],{"class":67},[14,60253,60254,60255,60258],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60256,60257],{},"split()"," instead:",[44,60260,60262],{"className":46,"code":60261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60263,60264,60282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60265,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60267,3946],{"class":59},[53,60269,64],{"class":63},[53,60271,264],{"class":252},[53,60273,60132],{"class":256},[53,60275,253],{"class":252},[53,60277,95],{"class":67},[53,60279,34333],{"class":98},[53,60281,8510],{"class":67},[53,60283,60284,60286,60288,60290],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60285,115],{"class":114},[53,60287,102],{"class":67},[53,60289,3988],{"class":98},[53,60291,108],{"class":67},[14,60293,60294],{},[23,60295,328],{},[44,60297,60299],{"className":46,"code":60298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60300,60301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60302,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60318,60320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60304,338],{"class":67},[53,60306,341],{"class":252},[53,60308,556],{"class":256},[53,60310,341],{"class":252},[53,60312,75],{"class":67},[53,60314,350],{"class":252},[53,60316,60317],{"class":256},"world",[53,60319,341],{"class":252},[53,60321,86],{"class":67},[830,60323,60325],{"id":60324},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60327,60328],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[44,60330,60332],{"className":46,"code":60331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60333,60334,60338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60335,60336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60337,4410],{"class":127},[53,60339,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60341,4869],{"class":59},[53,60343,64],{"class":63},[53,60345,68],{"class":67},[53,60347,253],{"class":252},[53,60349,12747],{"class":256},[53,60351,253],{"class":252},[53,60353,75],{"class":67},[53,60355,264],{"class":252},[53,60357,60358],{"class":256},"Ben', ",[53,60360,253],{"class":252},[53,60362,35815],{"class":59},[53,60364,253],{"class":252},[53,60366,86],{"class":256},[14,60368,60369],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[44,60371,60373],{"className":46,"code":60372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60374,60375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60376,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60378,4869],{"class":59},[53,60380,64],{"class":63},[53,60382,68],{"class":67},[53,60384,253],{"class":252},[53,60386,12747],{"class":256},[53,60388,253],{"class":252},[53,60390,75],{"class":67},[53,60392,264],{"class":252},[53,60394,35806],{"class":256},[53,60396,253],{"class":252},[53,60398,75],{"class":67},[53,60400,264],{"class":252},[53,60402,35815],{"class":256},[53,60404,253],{"class":252},[53,60406,86],{"class":67},[830,60408,60410],{"id":60409},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60412,60413],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[140,60415,60416,60419,60422,60427],{},[143,60417,60418],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[143,60420,60421],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[143,60423,60424,60425],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60426,24646],{},[143,60428,8319,60429,60432],{},[18,60430,60431],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[830,60434,60436],{"id":60435},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[44,60438,60440],{"className":46,"code":60439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60441,60442,60452,60466,60480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60443,60444,60446,60448,60450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60445,115],{"class":114},[53,60447,102],{"class":67},[53,60449,203],{"class":98},[53,60451,108],{"class":67},[53,60453,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60455,115],{"class":114},[53,60457,102],{"class":67},[53,60459,3102],{"class":2782},[53,60461,102],{"class":67},[53,60463,203],{"class":98},[53,60465,1907],{"class":67},[53,60467,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,60469,115],{"class":114},[53,60471,102],{"class":67},[53,60473,11029],{"class":114},[53,60475,102],{"class":67},[53,60477,203],{"class":98},[53,60479,1907],{"class":67},[53,60481,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,60483,115],{"class":114},[53,60485,102],{"class":67},[53,60487,7961],{"class":2782},[53,60489,102],{"class":67},[53,60491,59724],{"class":114},[53,60493,102],{"class":67},[53,60495,2017],{"class":71},[53,60497,2793],{"class":67},[14,60499,25873],{},[140,60501,60502,60505,60508,60511],{},[143,60503,60504],{},"what the list contains",[143,60506,60507],{},"whether the value is really a list",[143,60509,60510],{},"how many items it has",[143,60512,25884,60513,60515,60516],{},[18,60514,24646],{}," does with ",[18,60517,36062],{},[39,60519,60521],{"id":60520},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60523,60524],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60526,60527],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[140,60529,60530,60545,60550],{},[143,60531,131,60532,2072,60536,16937,60540,60544],{},[183,60533,60534],{"href":56493},[18,60535,20],{},[183,60537,60538],{"href":817},[18,60539,921],{},[183,60541,60542],{"href":1396},[18,60543,1777],{}," to add items later",[143,60546,131,60547,60549],{},[183,60548,59121],{"href":185}," for a broader introduction",[143,60551,131,60552,60556],{},[183,60553,60554,59784],{"href":59781},[18,60555,24646],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[39,60558,1650],{"id":1649},[830,60560,60562],{"id":60561},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60564,60565],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[44,60567,60568],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,60569,60570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60571,60572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60573,38160],{"class":67},[830,60575,60577],{"id":60576},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60579,60580],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[44,60582,60583],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,60584,60585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60586,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60588,338],{"class":67},[53,60590,72],{"class":71},[53,60592,75],{"class":67},[53,60594,78],{"class":71},[53,60596,75],{"class":67},[53,60598,83],{"class":71},[53,60600,86],{"class":67},[830,60602,5017,60604,60606],{"id":60603},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60605,24646],{}," do in Python?",[14,60608,60609,60610,60612],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60611,36062],{},", into a list.",[830,60614,60616],{"id":60615},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60618,60619],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[830,60621,5055,60623,4269,60625,2370],{"id":60622},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60624,3666],{},[18,60626,7235],{},[14,60628,60629,60631,60632,60634],{},[18,60630,3666],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60633,7235],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[39,60636,1782],{"id":1781},[140,60638,60639,60643,60649,60655,60661,60667,60671],{},[143,60640,60641],{},[183,60642,59121],{"href":185},[143,60644,60645],{},[183,60646,55244,60647,11190],{"href":56493},[18,60648,20],{},[143,60650,60651],{},[183,60652,55244,60653,11190],{"href":817},[18,60654,921],{},[143,60656,60657],{},[183,60658,55244,60659,11190],{"href":1396},[18,60660,1777],{},[143,60662,60663],{},[183,60664,3457,60665,3461],{"href":59781},[18,60666,24646],{},[143,60668,60669],{},[183,60670,59124],{"href":58219},[143,60672,60673],{},[183,60674,60675],{"href":11930},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60677,60678,60679,60681],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60680,20],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1810,60683,60684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":60686},[60687,60688,60689,60690,60693,60694,60700,60701,60711,60712,60721],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":59016,"depth":89,"text":59017},{"id":59127,"depth":89,"text":59128,"children":60691},[60692],{"id":59329,"depth":111,"text":59330},{"id":59345,"depth":89,"text":59346},{"id":59542,"depth":89,"text":60695,"children":60696},"Create a list with list()",[60697,60698,60699],{"id":59567,"depth":111,"text":59568},{"id":59640,"depth":111,"text":59641},{"id":59705,"depth":111,"text":59706},{"id":59787,"depth":89,"text":59788},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":60702},[60703,60704,60706,60708,60709,60710],{"id":59924,"depth":111,"text":59925},{"id":59983,"depth":111,"text":60705},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60103,"depth":111,"text":60707},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60324,"depth":111,"text":60325},{"id":60409,"depth":111,"text":60410},{"id":60435,"depth":111,"text":60436},{"id":60520,"depth":89,"text":60521},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":60713},[60714,60715,60716,60718,60719],{"id":60561,"depth":111,"text":60562},{"id":60576,"depth":111,"text":60577},{"id":60603,"depth":111,"text":60717},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60615,"depth":111,"text":60616},{"id":60622,"depth":111,"text":60720},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58758,"description":60722},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60729,"title":60730,"body":60731,"description":62472,"extension":1841,"meta":62473,"navigation":301,"path":62474,"seo":62475,"stem":62476,"__hash__":62477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60732,"toc":62427},[60733,60738,60743,60746,60748,60819,60824,60829,60833,60847,60852,60854,60874,60879,60882,60905,60909,60914,61006,61008,61030,61036,61042,61049,61056,61062,61119,61125,61183,61185,61197,61205,61211,61216,61220,61277,61280,61284,61343,61346,61350,61408,61420,61424,61477,61480,61484,61490,61496,61558,61561,61622,61625,61681,61686,61688,61692,61699,61760,61765,61774,61830,61837,61841,61899,61908,61966,61970,62005,62009,62019,62022,62077,62091,62094,62209,62214,62218,62229,62231,62310,62320,62322,62327,62332,62339,62347,62353,62356,62362,62365,62371,62377,62379,62415,62424],[10,60734,54066,60736,11190],{"id":60735},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60737,921],{},[14,60739,60740,60742],{},[18,60741,820],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60744,60745],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[39,60747,1882],{"id":1881},[44,60749,60751],{"className":46,"code":60750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60752,60753,60769,60786,60790,60805,60815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60754,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765,60767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60756,60],{"class":59},[53,60758,64],{"class":63},[53,60760,68],{"class":67},[53,60762,72],{"class":71},[53,60764,75],{"class":67},[53,60766,78],{"class":71},[53,60768,86],{"class":67},[53,60770,60771,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60772,60773],{"class":59},"more_numbers ",[53,60775,64],{"class":63},[53,60777,68],{"class":67},[53,60779,754],{"class":71},[53,60781,75],{"class":67},[53,60783,759],{"class":71},[53,60785,86],{"class":67},[53,60787,60788],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,60789,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,60791,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800,60803],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,60793,92],{"class":59},[53,60795,95],{"class":67},[53,60797,951],{"class":98},[53,60799,102],{"class":67},[53,60801,60802],{"class":98},"more_numbers",[53,60804,108],{"class":67},[53,60806,60807,60809,60811,60813],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,60808,115],{"class":114},[53,60810,102],{"class":67},[53,60812,92],{"class":98},[53,60814,108],{"class":67},[53,60816,60817],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,60818,128],{"class":127},[14,60820,131,60821,60823],{},[18,60822,921],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[39,60825,3556,60827,3559],{"id":60826},"what-listextend-does",[18,60828,820],{},[14,60830,60831,597],{},[18,60832,921],{},[140,60834,60835,60838,60840,60843],{},[143,60836,60837],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[143,60839,54152],{},[143,60841,60842],{},"Does not create a new list",[143,60844,11292,60845],{},[18,60846,232],{},[14,60848,60849,60850,1287],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,60851,921],{},[39,60853,2039],{"id":2038},[44,60855,60857],{"className":46,"code":60856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,60858,60859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60860,60861,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60862,60863],{"class":59},"list_name",[53,60865,95],{"class":67},[53,60867,951],{"class":98},[53,60869,102],{"class":67},[53,60871,3600],{"class":98},[53,60873,108],{"class":67},[14,60875,5325,60876,60878],{},[23,60877,3600],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60880,60881],{},"Common iterables include:",[140,60883,60884,60888,60892,60896,60901],{},[143,60885,60886],{},[18,60887,7961],{},[143,60889,60890],{},[18,60891,48816],{},[143,60893,60894],{},[18,60895,6159],{},[143,60897,60898],{},[18,60899,60900],{},"string",[143,60902,60903],{},[18,60904,59724],{},[39,60906,60908],{"id":60907},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60910,60911,60912,597],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,60913,921],{},[44,60915,60917],{"className":46,"code":60916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,60918,60919,60943,60968,60972,60987,60991,61001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60920,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60922,245],{"class":59},[53,60924,64],{"class":63},[53,60926,68],{"class":67},[53,60928,253],{"class":252},[53,60930,257],{"class":256},[53,60932,253],{"class":252},[53,60934,75],{"class":67},[53,60936,264],{"class":252},[53,60938,267],{"class":256},[53,60940,253],{"class":252},[53,60942,86],{"class":67},[53,60944,60945,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964,60966],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,60946,60947],{"class":59},"more_fruits ",[53,60949,64],{"class":63},[53,60951,68],{"class":67},[53,60953,253],{"class":252},[53,60955,292],{"class":256},[53,60957,253],{"class":252},[53,60959,75],{"class":67},[53,60961,264],{"class":252},[53,60963,22398],{"class":256},[53,60965,253],{"class":252},[53,60967,86],{"class":67},[53,60969,60970],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,60971,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,60973,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60985],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,60975,311],{"class":59},[53,60977,95],{"class":67},[53,60979,951],{"class":98},[53,60981,102],{"class":67},[53,60983,60984],{"class":98},"more_fruits",[53,60986,108],{"class":67},[53,60988,60989],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,60990,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,60992,60993,60995,60997,60999],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,60994,115],{"class":114},[53,60996,102],{"class":67},[53,60998,311],{"class":98},[53,61000,108],{"class":67},[53,61002,61003],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,61004,61005],{"class":127},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61007,11551],{},[140,61009,61010,61015,61020],{},[143,61011,61012,61014],{},[18,61013,311],{}," starts with two items",[143,61016,61017,61019],{},[18,61018,60984],{}," has two more items",[143,61021,61022,61024,61025,61027,61028],{},[18,61023,921],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61026,60984],{}," to ",[18,61029,311],{},[14,61031,61032,61033,61035],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61034,311],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61037,54291,61038,4269,61040,95],{},[183,61039,186],{"href":185},[183,61041,56879],{"href":56878},[39,61043,61045,10452,61047],{"id":61044},"extend-vs-append",[18,61046,921],{},[18,61048,20],{},[14,61050,61051,4269,61053,61055],{},[18,61052,921],{},[18,61054,20],{}," are often confused.",[830,61057,61059,61061],{"id":61058},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61060,921],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[44,61063,61065],{"className":46,"code":61064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61066,61067,61083,61101,61105,61115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61068,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61070,60],{"class":59},[53,61072,64],{"class":63},[53,61074,68],{"class":67},[53,61076,72],{"class":71},[53,61078,75],{"class":67},[53,61080,78],{"class":71},[53,61082,86],{"class":67},[53,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61086,92],{"class":59},[53,61088,95],{"class":67},[53,61090,951],{"class":98},[53,61092,619],{"class":67},[53,61094,754],{"class":71},[53,61096,75],{"class":67},[53,61098,759],{"class":71},[53,61100,632],{"class":67},[53,61102,61103],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61104,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61106,61107,61109,61111,61113],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61108,115],{"class":114},[53,61110,102],{"class":67},[53,61112,92],{"class":98},[53,61114,108],{"class":67},[53,61116,61117],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61118,128],{"class":127},[830,61120,61122,61124],{"id":61121},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61123,20],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[44,61126,61128],{"className":46,"code":61127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61129,61130,61146,61164,61168,61178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61131,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61133,60],{"class":59},[53,61135,64],{"class":63},[53,61137,68],{"class":67},[53,61139,72],{"class":71},[53,61141,75],{"class":67},[53,61143,78],{"class":71},[53,61145,86],{"class":67},[53,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61149,92],{"class":59},[53,61151,95],{"class":67},[53,61153,99],{"class":98},[53,61155,619],{"class":67},[53,61157,754],{"class":71},[53,61159,75],{"class":67},[53,61161,759],{"class":71},[53,61163,632],{"class":67},[53,61165,61166],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61167,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61169,61170,61172,61174,61176],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61171,115],{"class":114},[53,61173,102],{"class":67},[53,61175,92],{"class":98},[53,61177,108],{"class":67},[53,61179,61180],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61181,61182],{"class":127},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61184,18559],{},[140,61186,61187,61192],{},[143,61188,61189,61191],{},[18,61190,921],{}," to combine values",[143,61193,61194,61196],{},[18,61195,20],{}," to add one item",[14,61198,41956,61199,4269,61203,95],{},[183,61200,55244,61201,10608],{"href":56493},[18,61202,20],{},[183,61204,499],{"href":498},[39,61206,833,61208,61210],{"id":61207},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61209,921],{}," with different iterables",[14,61212,61213,61215],{},[18,61214,921],{}," works with more than just lists.",[830,61217,61219],{"id":61218},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[44,61221,61223],{"className":46,"code":61222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61224,61225,61241,61259,61263,61273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61226,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61228,3702],{"class":59},[53,61230,64],{"class":63},[53,61232,68],{"class":67},[53,61234,72],{"class":71},[53,61236,75],{"class":67},[53,61238,78],{"class":71},[53,61240,86],{"class":67},[53,61242,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61244,5233],{"class":59},[53,61246,95],{"class":67},[53,61248,951],{"class":98},[53,61250,5384],{"class":67},[53,61252,754],{"class":71},[53,61254,75],{"class":67},[53,61256,759],{"class":71},[53,61258,1907],{"class":67},[53,61260,61261],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61262,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61264,61265,61267,61269,61271],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61266,115],{"class":114},[53,61268,102],{"class":67},[53,61270,5233],{"class":98},[53,61272,108],{"class":67},[53,61274,61275],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61276,128],{"class":127},[14,61278,61279],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[830,61281,61283],{"id":61282},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[44,61285,61287],{"className":46,"code":61286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61288,61289,61305,61324,61328,61338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61290,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61292,1411],{"class":59},[53,61294,64],{"class":63},[53,61296,68],{"class":67},[53,61298,253],{"class":252},[53,61300,183],{"class":256},[53,61302,253],{"class":252},[53,61304,86],{"class":67},[53,61306,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315,61317,61320,61322],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61308,1437],{"class":59},[53,61310,95],{"class":67},[53,61312,951],{"class":98},[53,61314,102],{"class":67},[53,61316,253],{"class":252},[53,61318,61319],{"class":256},"bc",[53,61321,253],{"class":252},[53,61323,108],{"class":67},[53,61325,61326],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61327,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61329,61330,61332,61334,61336],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61331,115],{"class":114},[53,61333,102],{"class":67},[53,61335,1437],{"class":98},[53,61337,108],{"class":67},[53,61339,61340],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61341,61342],{"class":127},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61344,61345],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[830,61347,61349],{"id":61348},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[44,61351,61353],{"className":46,"code":61352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61354,61355,61367,61389,61393,61403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61358,60],{"class":59},[53,61360,64],{"class":63},[53,61362,68],{"class":67},[53,61364,2000],{"class":71},[53,61366,86],{"class":67},[53,61368,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383,61385,61387],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61370,92],{"class":59},[53,61372,95],{"class":67},[53,61374,951],{"class":98},[53,61376,102],{"class":67},[53,61378,59724],{"class":114},[53,61380,102],{"class":67},[53,61382,72],{"class":71},[53,61384,75],{"class":67},[53,61386,759],{"class":71},[53,61388,1907],{"class":67},[53,61390,61391],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61392,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61394,61395,61397,61399,61401],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61396,115],{"class":114},[53,61398,102],{"class":67},[53,61400,92],{"class":98},[53,61402,108],{"class":67},[53,61404,61405],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61406,61407],{"class":127},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61409,61410,61413,61414,2072,61416,16937,61418,95],{},[18,61411,61412],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61415,72],{},[18,61417,1937],{},[18,61419,754],{},[830,61421,61423],{"id":61422},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[44,61425,61427],{"className":46,"code":61426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61428,61429,61445,61463,61467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61430,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61432,516],{"class":59},[53,61434,64],{"class":63},[53,61436,68],{"class":67},[53,61438,72],{"class":71},[53,61440,75],{"class":67},[53,61442,78],{"class":71},[53,61444,86],{"class":67},[53,61446,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61448,530],{"class":59},[53,61450,95],{"class":67},[53,61452,951],{"class":98},[53,61454,587],{"class":67},[53,61456,754],{"class":71},[53,61458,75],{"class":67},[53,61460,759],{"class":71},[53,61462,607],{"class":67},[53,61464,61465],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61466,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61468,61469,61471,61473,61475],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61470,115],{"class":114},[53,61472,102],{"class":67},[53,61474,530],{"class":98},[53,61476,108],{"class":67},[14,61478,61479],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[39,61481,61483],{"id":61482},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61485,61486,1129,61488,95],{},[18,61487,921],{},[18,61489,232],{},[14,61491,61492,61493,597],{},"That means this is ",[23,61494,61495],{},"wrong",[44,61497,61499],{"className":46,"code":61498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61500,61501,61517,61539,61543,61553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61504,60],{"class":59},[53,61506,64],{"class":63},[53,61508,68],{"class":67},[53,61510,72],{"class":71},[53,61512,75],{"class":67},[53,61514,78],{"class":71},[53,61516,86],{"class":67},[53,61518,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61520,276],{"class":59},[53,61522,64],{"class":63},[53,61524,4138],{"class":59},[53,61526,95],{"class":67},[53,61528,951],{"class":98},[53,61530,619],{"class":67},[53,61532,754],{"class":71},[53,61534,75],{"class":67},[53,61536,759],{"class":71},[53,61538,632],{"class":67},[53,61540,61541],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61542,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61544,61545,61547,61549,61551],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61546,115],{"class":114},[53,61548,102],{"class":67},[53,61550,323],{"class":98},[53,61552,108],{"class":67},[53,61554,61555],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61556,61557],{"class":127},"# None\n",[14,61559,61560],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[44,61562,61564],{"className":46,"code":61563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61565,61566,61582,61604,61608,61618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61567,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61569,60],{"class":59},[53,61571,64],{"class":63},[53,61573,68],{"class":67},[53,61575,72],{"class":71},[53,61577,75],{"class":67},[53,61579,78],{"class":71},[53,61581,86],{"class":67},[53,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61585,60],{"class":59},[53,61587,64],{"class":63},[53,61589,4138],{"class":59},[53,61591,95],{"class":67},[53,61593,951],{"class":98},[53,61595,619],{"class":67},[53,61597,754],{"class":71},[53,61599,75],{"class":67},[53,61601,759],{"class":71},[53,61603,632],{"class":67},[53,61605,61606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61607,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61611,115],{"class":114},[53,61613,102],{"class":67},[53,61615,92],{"class":98},[53,61617,108],{"class":67},[53,61619,61620],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61621,61557],{"class":127},[14,61623,61624],{},"The correct way is:",[44,61626,61627],{"className":46,"code":61064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,61628,61629,61645,61663,61667,61677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61632,60],{"class":59},[53,61634,64],{"class":63},[53,61636,68],{"class":67},[53,61638,72],{"class":71},[53,61640,75],{"class":67},[53,61642,78],{"class":71},[53,61644,86],{"class":67},[53,61646,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61648,92],{"class":59},[53,61650,95],{"class":67},[53,61652,951],{"class":98},[53,61654,619],{"class":67},[53,61656,754],{"class":71},[53,61658,75],{"class":67},[53,61660,759],{"class":71},[53,61662,632],{"class":67},[53,61664,61665],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61666,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61668,61669,61671,61673,61675],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61670,115],{"class":114},[53,61672,102],{"class":67},[53,61674,92],{"class":98},[53,61676,108],{"class":67},[53,61678,61679],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61680,128],{"class":127},[14,61682,55633,61683,61685],{},[18,61684,921],{}," first, then use the original list.",[39,61687,1039],{"id":1038},[14,61689,14596,61690,95],{},[18,61691,921],{},[830,61693,61695,61696,61698],{"id":61694},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61697,921],{}," to return a new list",[44,61700,61702],{"className":46,"code":61701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61703,61704,61720,61742,61746,61756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61705,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716,61718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61707,60],{"class":59},[53,61709,64],{"class":63},[53,61711,68],{"class":67},[53,61713,72],{"class":71},[53,61715,75],{"class":67},[53,61717,78],{"class":71},[53,61719,86],{"class":67},[53,61721,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61723,55366],{"class":59},[53,61725,64],{"class":63},[53,61727,4138],{"class":59},[53,61729,95],{"class":67},[53,61731,951],{"class":98},[53,61733,619],{"class":67},[53,61735,754],{"class":71},[53,61737,75],{"class":67},[53,61739,759],{"class":71},[53,61741,632],{"class":67},[53,61743,61744],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61745,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61747,61748,61750,61752,61754],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61749,115],{"class":114},[53,61751,102],{"class":67},[53,61753,55385],{"class":98},[53,61755,108],{"class":67},[53,61757,61758],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61759,61557],{"class":127},[14,61761,61762,61763,95],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,61764,921],{},[830,61766,61768,61769,44492,61771,61773],{"id":61767},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,61770,20],{},[18,61772,921],{}," is needed",[44,61775,61776],{"className":46,"code":61127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,61777,61778,61794,61812,61816,61826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61781,60],{"class":59},[53,61783,64],{"class":63},[53,61785,68],{"class":67},[53,61787,72],{"class":71},[53,61789,75],{"class":67},[53,61791,78],{"class":71},[53,61793,86],{"class":67},[53,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61797,92],{"class":59},[53,61799,95],{"class":67},[53,61801,99],{"class":98},[53,61803,619],{"class":67},[53,61805,754],{"class":71},[53,61807,75],{"class":67},[53,61809,759],{"class":71},[53,61811,632],{"class":67},[53,61813,61814],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61815,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61819,115],{"class":114},[53,61821,102],{"class":67},[53,61823,92],{"class":98},[53,61825,108],{"class":67},[53,61827,61828],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61829,61182],{"class":127},[14,61831,61832,61833,1378,61835,1381],{},"If you wanted ",[18,61834,1377],{},[18,61836,921],{},[830,61838,61840],{"id":61839},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[44,61842,61844],{"className":46,"code":61843,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,61845,61846,61862,61880,61884,61894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61847,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61849,3946],{"class":59},[53,61851,64],{"class":63},[53,61853,68],{"class":67},[53,61855,253],{"class":252},[53,61857,556],{"class":256},[53,61859,253],{"class":252},[53,61861,86],{"class":67},[53,61863,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61865,3988],{"class":59},[53,61867,95],{"class":67},[53,61869,951],{"class":98},[53,61871,102],{"class":67},[53,61873,253],{"class":252},[53,61875,60317],{"class":256},[53,61877,253],{"class":252},[53,61879,108],{"class":67},[53,61881,61882],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61883,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61885,61886,61888,61890,61892],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61887,115],{"class":114},[53,61889,102],{"class":67},[53,61891,3988],{"class":98},[53,61893,108],{"class":67},[53,61895,61896],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61897,61898],{"class":127},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61900,61901,61902,61905,61906,597],{},"If you want ",[18,61903,61904],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,61907,20],{},[44,61909,61911],{"className":46,"code":61910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,61912,61913,61929,61947,61951,61961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61914,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923,61925,61927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61916,3946],{"class":59},[53,61918,64],{"class":63},[53,61920,68],{"class":67},[53,61922,253],{"class":252},[53,61924,556],{"class":256},[53,61926,253],{"class":252},[53,61928,86],{"class":67},[53,61930,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61932,3988],{"class":59},[53,61934,95],{"class":67},[53,61936,99],{"class":98},[53,61938,102],{"class":67},[53,61940,253],{"class":252},[53,61942,60317],{"class":256},[53,61944,253],{"class":252},[53,61946,108],{"class":67},[53,61948,61949],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,61950,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,61952,61953,61955,61957,61959],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,61954,115],{"class":114},[53,61956,102],{"class":67},[53,61958,3988],{"class":98},[53,61960,108],{"class":67},[53,61962,61963],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,61964,61965],{"class":127},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[830,61967,61969],{"id":61968},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[44,61971,61973],{"className":46,"code":61972,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,61974,61975,61991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61976,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61978,60],{"class":59},[53,61980,64],{"class":63},[53,61982,68],{"class":67},[53,61984,72],{"class":71},[53,61986,75],{"class":67},[53,61988,78],{"class":71},[53,61990,86],{"class":67},[53,61992,61993,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,61994,92],{"class":59},[53,61996,95],{"class":67},[53,61998,951],{"class":98},[53,62000,102],{"class":67},[53,62002,2017],{"class":71},[53,62004,108],{"class":67},[14,62006,39517,62007,6421],{},[18,62008,2017],{},[14,62010,62011,62012,62014,62015,62018],{},"You will get a ",[18,62013,2885],{},". See ",[183,62016,62017],{"href":52463},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62020,62021],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[44,62023,62025],{"className":46,"code":62024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62026,62027,62037,62051,62063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62028,62029,62031,62033,62035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62030,115],{"class":114},[53,62032,102],{"class":67},[53,62034,203],{"class":98},[53,62036,108],{"class":67},[53,62038,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62040,115],{"class":114},[53,62042,102],{"class":67},[53,62044,3102],{"class":2782},[53,62046,102],{"class":67},[53,62048,5233],{"class":98},[53,62050,1907],{"class":67},[53,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,62054,115],{"class":114},[53,62056,102],{"class":67},[53,62058,323],{"class":98},[53,62060,3539],{"class":67},[53,62062,108],{"class":59},[53,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,62066,32016],{"class":114},[53,62068,102],{"class":67},[53,62070,7961],{"class":2782},[53,62072,95],{"class":67},[53,62074,951],{"class":24615},[53,62076,108],{"class":67},[43442,62078,62079],{},[14,62080,62081,62082,62085,62086,62088,62089,95],{},"Note: ",[18,62083,62084],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62087,3539],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62090,32891],{},[14,62092,62093],{},"Correct debugging example:",[44,62095,62097],{"className":46,"code":62096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62098,62099,62115,62131,62135,62149,62153,62161,62171,62185,62195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62100,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62102,8176],{"class":59},[53,62104,64],{"class":63},[53,62106,68],{"class":67},[53,62108,72],{"class":71},[53,62110,75],{"class":67},[53,62112,78],{"class":71},[53,62114,86],{"class":67},[53,62116,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127,62129],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62118,3702],{"class":59},[53,62120,64],{"class":63},[53,62122,68],{"class":67},[53,62124,754],{"class":71},[53,62126,75],{"class":67},[53,62128,759],{"class":71},[53,62130,86],{"class":67},[53,62132,62133],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,62134,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62136,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,62138,203],{"class":59},[53,62140,95],{"class":67},[53,62142,951],{"class":98},[53,62144,102],{"class":67},[53,62146,5233],{"class":98},[53,62148,108],{"class":67},[53,62150,62151],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,62152,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62154,62155,62157,62159],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,62156,276],{"class":59},[53,62158,64],{"class":63},[53,62160,48390],{"class":369},[53,62162,62163,62165,62167,62169],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,62164,115],{"class":114},[53,62166,102],{"class":67},[53,62168,203],{"class":98},[53,62170,108],{"class":67},[53,62172,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,62174,115],{"class":114},[53,62176,102],{"class":67},[53,62178,3102],{"class":2782},[53,62180,102],{"class":67},[53,62182,5233],{"class":98},[53,62184,1907],{"class":67},[53,62186,62187,62189,62191,62193],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,62188,115],{"class":114},[53,62190,102],{"class":67},[53,62192,323],{"class":98},[53,62194,108],{"class":67},[53,62196,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,62198,32016],{"class":114},[53,62200,102],{"class":67},[53,62202,7961],{"class":2782},[53,62204,95],{"class":67},[53,62206,951],{"class":24615},[53,62208,108],{"class":67},[39,62210,4835,62212],{"id":62211},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62213,921],{},[14,62215,131,62216,6190],{},[18,62217,921],{},[140,62219,62220,62223,62226],{},[143,62221,62222],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[143,62224,62225],{},"Add multiple values at once",[143,62227,62228],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62230,5345],{},[44,62232,62234],{"className":46,"code":62233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62235,62236,62253,62271,62275,62291,62295,62305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62237,62238,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62239,62240],{"class":59},"all_scores ",[53,62242,64],{"class":63},[53,62244,68],{"class":67},[53,62246,13367],{"class":71},[53,62248,75],{"class":67},[53,62250,13372],{"class":71},[53,62252,86],{"class":67},[53,62254,62255,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62269],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62256,62257],{"class":59},"new_scores ",[53,62259,64],{"class":63},[53,62261,68],{"class":67},[53,62263,51368],{"class":71},[53,62265,75],{"class":67},[53,62267,62268],{"class":71}," 92",[53,62270,86],{"class":67},[53,62272,62273],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,62274,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62276,62277,62280,62282,62284,62286,62289],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,62278,62279],{"class":59},"all_scores",[53,62281,95],{"class":67},[53,62283,951],{"class":98},[53,62285,102],{"class":67},[53,62287,62288],{"class":98},"new_scores",[53,62290,108],{"class":67},[53,62292,62293],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,62294,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62296,62297,62299,62301,62303],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,62298,115],{"class":114},[53,62300,102],{"class":67},[53,62302,62279],{"class":98},[53,62304,108],{"class":67},[53,62306,62307],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,62308,62309],{"class":127},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62311,62312,62313,62315,62316,95],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62314,20],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[183,62317,55244,62318,10608],{"href":1396},[18,62319,1777],{},[39,62321,1650],{"id":1649},[830,62323,12570,62325,55193],{"id":62324},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62326,820],{},[14,62328,62329,62330,95],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62331,232],{},[830,62333,5055,62335,4269,62337,2370],{"id":62334},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62336,921],{},[18,62338,20],{},[14,62340,62341,62343,62344,62346],{},[18,62342,921],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62345,20],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[830,62348,28194,62350,62352],{"id":62349},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62351,921],{}," with a string?",[14,62354,62355],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[830,62357,28194,62359,62361],{"id":62358},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62360,921],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62363,62364],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[830,62366,62368,62369,2370],{"id":62367},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62370,921],{},[14,62372,62373,62374,62376],{},"You get a ",[18,62375,2885],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[39,62378,1782],{"id":1781},[140,62380,62381,62387,62391,62395,62399,62405,62409],{},[143,62382,62383],{},[183,62384,55244,62385,10608],{"href":56493},[18,62386,20],{},[143,62388,62389],{},[183,62390,1789],{"href":498},[143,62392,62393],{},[183,62394,56953],{"href":56878},[143,62396,62397],{},[183,62398,186],{"href":185},[143,62400,62401],{},[183,62402,55244,62403,10608],{"href":1396},[18,62404,1777],{},[143,62406,62407],{},[183,62408,62017],{"href":52463},[143,62410,62411],{},[183,62412,55244,62413,10608],{"href":54684},[18,62414,12643],{},[14,62416,62417,62418,62420,62421,62423],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62419,20],{},", when to use ",[18,62422,1777],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1810,62425,62426],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":62428},[62429,62430,62432,62433,62434,62441,62448,62449,62457,62459,62471],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":60826,"depth":89,"text":62431},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":60907,"depth":89,"text":60908},{"id":61044,"depth":89,"text":62435,"children":62436},"extend() vs append()",[62437,62439],{"id":61058,"depth":111,"text":62438},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61121,"depth":111,"text":62440},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61207,"depth":89,"text":62442,"children":62443},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62444,62445,62446,62447],{"id":61218,"depth":111,"text":61219},{"id":61282,"depth":111,"text":61283},{"id":61348,"depth":111,"text":61349},{"id":61422,"depth":111,"text":61423},{"id":61482,"depth":89,"text":61483},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":62450},[62451,62453,62455,62456],{"id":61694,"depth":111,"text":62452},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61767,"depth":111,"text":62454},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61839,"depth":111,"text":61840},{"id":61968,"depth":111,"text":61969},{"id":62211,"depth":89,"text":62458},"When to use extend()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":62460},[62461,62463,62465,62467,62469],{"id":62324,"depth":111,"text":62462},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62334,"depth":111,"text":62464},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62349,"depth":111,"text":62466},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62358,"depth":111,"text":62468},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62367,"depth":111,"text":62470},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60730,"description":62472},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62479,"title":62480,"body":62481,"description":64572,"extension":1841,"meta":64573,"navigation":301,"path":64574,"seo":64575,"stem":64576,"__hash__":64577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62482,"toc":64535},[62483,62486,62491,62497,62508,62514,62516,62585,62587,62636,62644,62648,62653,62656,62667,62672,62674,62676,62697,62710,62713,62726,62728,62733,62758,62760,62768,62771,62840,62842,62866,62872,62876,62880,62916,62918,62938,62945,62949,62982,62984,63018,63023,63027,63060,63062,63090,63098,63102,63139,63141,63162,63165,63169,63238,63240,63264,63270,63277,63281,63284,63286,63300,63303,63327,63329,63354,63357,63376,63378,63404,63413,63417,63424,63501,63503,63544,63550,63556,63647,63649,63705,63708,63713,63717,63722,63726,63785,63787,63812,63816,63879,63881,63906,63910,63973,63975,64018,64021,64025,64029,64051,64055,64137,64139,64174,64182,64184,64188,64192,64194,64221,64226,64228,64255,64262,64265,64288,64290,64339,64342,64345,64364,64368,64371,64422,64425,64431,64435,64440,64443,64445,64451,64460,64464,64470,64474,64477,64481,64484,64488,64494,64496,64532],[10,62484,62480],{"id":62485},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62487,8991,62488,62490],{},[18,62489,24646],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62492,62493,62494,62496],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62495,24646],{}," for two main reasons:",[140,62498,62499,62502],{},[143,62500,62501],{},"to make an empty list",[143,62503,62504,62505,62507],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62506,59724],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62509,62510,62511,62513],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62512,24646],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[39,62515,1882],{"id":1881},[44,62517,62519],{"className":46,"code":62518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62520,62521,62543,62561,62565,62575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62522,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62524,60],{"class":59},[53,62526,64],{"class":63},[53,62528,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62530,5384],{"class":67},[53,62532,72],{"class":71},[53,62534,75],{"class":67},[53,62536,78],{"class":71},[53,62538,75],{"class":67},[53,62540,83],{"class":71},[53,62542,1907],{"class":67},[53,62544,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62546,1411],{"class":59},[53,62548,64],{"class":63},[53,62550,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62552,102],{"class":67},[53,62554,253],{"class":252},[53,62556,41423],{"class":256},[53,62558,253],{"class":252},[53,62560,108],{"class":67},[53,62562,62563],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,62564,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62566,62567,62569,62571,62573],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,62568,115],{"class":114},[53,62570,102],{"class":67},[53,62572,92],{"class":98},[53,62574,108],{"class":67},[53,62576,62577,62579,62581,62583],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,62578,115],{"class":114},[53,62580,102],{"class":67},[53,62582,1437],{"class":98},[53,62584,108],{"class":67},[14,62586,328],{},[44,62588,62590],{"className":46,"code":62589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62591,62592,62608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62593,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62595,338],{"class":67},[53,62597,72],{"class":71},[53,62599,75],{"class":67},[53,62601,78],{"class":71},[53,62603,75],{"class":67},[53,62605,83],{"class":71},[53,62607,86],{"class":67},[53,62609,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62611,338],{"class":67},[53,62613,341],{"class":252},[53,62615,183],{"class":256},[53,62617,341],{"class":252},[53,62619,75],{"class":67},[53,62621,350],{"class":252},[53,62623,1453],{"class":256},[53,62625,341],{"class":252},[53,62627,75],{"class":67},[53,62629,350],{"class":252},[53,62631,1428],{"class":256},[53,62633,341],{"class":252},[53,62635,86],{"class":67},[14,62637,131,62638,62640,62641,62643],{},[18,62639,24646],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62642,59724],{},", set, or dictionary.",[39,62645,62647],{"id":62646},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62649,62650,62652],{},[18,62651,24646],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62654,62655],{},"It can:",[140,62657,62658,62661,62664],{},[143,62659,62660],{},"create a new list object",[143,62662,62663],{},"make an empty list",[143,62665,62666],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62668,62669,62670,95],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[183,62671,186],{"href":185},[39,62673,2039],{"id":2038},[14,62675,26352],{},[44,62677,62679],{"className":46,"code":62678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62680,62681,62687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62682,62683,62685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62684,7961],{"class":2782},[53,62686,8510],{"class":67},[53,62688,62689,62691,62693,62695],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62690,7961],{"class":2782},[53,62692,102],{"class":67},[53,62694,3600],{"class":98},[53,62696,108],{"class":67},[140,62698,62699,62704],{},[143,62700,62701,62703],{},[18,62702,24646],{}," makes an empty list",[143,62705,62706,62709],{},[18,62707,62708],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62711,62712],{},"Common iterable values include:",[140,62714,62715,62717,62719,62721,62724],{},[143,62716,166],{},[143,62718,5178],{},[143,62720,5181],{},[143,62722,62723],{},"ranges",[143,62725,175],{},[39,62727,59346],{"id":59345},[14,62729,131,62730,62732],{},[18,62731,24646],{}," with no arguments:",[44,62734,62736],{"className":46,"code":62735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62737,62738,62748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62739,62740,62742,62744,62746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62741,516],{"class":59},[53,62743,64],{"class":63},[53,62745,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62747,8510],{"class":67},[53,62749,62750,62752,62754,62756],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62751,115],{"class":114},[53,62753,102],{"class":67},[53,62755,530],{"class":98},[53,62757,108],{"class":67},[14,62759,328],{},[44,62761,62762],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,62763,62764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62765,62766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62767,38160],{"class":67},[14,62769,62770],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[44,62772,62774],{"className":46,"code":62773,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62775,62776,62786,62790,62808,62826,62830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62777,62778,62780,62782,62784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62779,516],{"class":59},[53,62781,64],{"class":63},[53,62783,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62785,8510],{"class":67},[53,62787,62788],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62789,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62791,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,62793,530],{"class":59},[53,62795,95],{"class":67},[53,62797,99],{"class":98},[53,62799,102],{"class":67},[53,62801,253],{"class":252},[53,62803,257],{"class":256},[53,62805,253],{"class":252},[53,62807,108],{"class":67},[53,62809,62810,62812,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,62811,530],{"class":59},[53,62813,95],{"class":67},[53,62815,99],{"class":98},[53,62817,102],{"class":67},[53,62819,253],{"class":252},[53,62821,267],{"class":256},[53,62823,253],{"class":252},[53,62825,108],{"class":67},[53,62827,62828],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,62829,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,62831,62832,62834,62836,62838],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,62833,115],{"class":114},[53,62835,102],{"class":67},[53,62837,530],{"class":98},[53,62839,108],{"class":67},[14,62841,328],{},[44,62843,62844],{"className":46,"code":38286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,62845,62846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62847,62848,62850,62852,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62849,338],{"class":67},[53,62851,341],{"class":252},[53,62853,257],{"class":256},[53,62855,341],{"class":252},[53,62857,75],{"class":67},[53,62859,350],{"class":252},[53,62861,267],{"class":256},[53,62863,341],{"class":252},[53,62865,86],{"class":67},[14,62867,62868,62869,62871],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,62870,3666],{},". Both are valid.",[39,62873,62875],{"id":62874},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[830,62877,62879],{"id":62878},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[44,62881,62882],{"className":46,"code":59644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,62883,62884,62906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62885,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62887,60],{"class":59},[53,62889,64],{"class":63},[53,62891,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62893,5384],{"class":67},[53,62895,72],{"class":71},[53,62897,75],{"class":67},[53,62899,78],{"class":71},[53,62901,75],{"class":67},[53,62903,83],{"class":71},[53,62905,1907],{"class":67},[53,62907,62908,62910,62912,62914],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62909,115],{"class":114},[53,62911,102],{"class":67},[53,62913,92],{"class":98},[53,62915,108],{"class":67},[14,62917,328],{},[44,62919,62920],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,62921,62922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62925,338],{"class":67},[53,62927,72],{"class":71},[53,62929,75],{"class":67},[53,62931,78],{"class":71},[53,62933,75],{"class":67},[53,62935,83],{"class":71},[53,62937,86],{"class":67},[14,62939,62940,62941,95],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[183,62942,62944],{"href":62943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[830,62946,62948],{"id":62947},"string-to-list","String to list",[44,62950,62952],{"className":46,"code":62951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62953,62954,62972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62957,1411],{"class":59},[53,62959,64],{"class":63},[53,62961,22425],{"class":2782},[53,62963,102],{"class":67},[53,62965,253],{"class":252},[53,62967,36909],{"class":256},[53,62969,253],{"class":252},[53,62971,108],{"class":67},[53,62973,62974,62976,62978,62980],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,62975,115],{"class":114},[53,62977,102],{"class":67},[53,62979,1437],{"class":98},[53,62981,108],{"class":67},[14,62983,328],{},[44,62985,62987],{"className":46,"code":62986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,62988,62989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62990,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009,63011,63014,63016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62992,338],{"class":67},[53,62994,341],{"class":252},[53,62996,1428],{"class":256},[53,62998,341],{"class":252},[53,63000,75],{"class":67},[53,63002,350],{"class":252},[53,63004,183],{"class":256},[53,63006,341],{"class":252},[53,63008,75],{"class":67},[53,63010,350],{"class":252},[53,63012,63013],{"class":256},"t",[53,63015,341],{"class":252},[53,63017,86],{"class":67},[14,63019,63020,63022],{},[18,63021,24646],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[830,63024,63026],{"id":63025},"range-to-list","Range to list",[44,63028,63030],{"className":46,"code":63029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63031,63032,63050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63033,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63035,60],{"class":59},[53,63037,64],{"class":63},[53,63039,22425],{"class":2782},[53,63041,102],{"class":67},[53,63043,59724],{"class":114},[53,63045,102],{"class":67},[53,63047,2017],{"class":71},[53,63049,1907],{"class":67},[53,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63053,115],{"class":114},[53,63055,102],{"class":67},[53,63057,92],{"class":98},[53,63059,108],{"class":67},[14,63061,328],{},[44,63063,63064],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,63065,63066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086,63088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63069,338],{"class":67},[53,63071,2000],{"class":71},[53,63073,75],{"class":67},[53,63075,5371],{"class":71},[53,63077,75],{"class":67},[53,63079,78],{"class":71},[53,63081,75],{"class":67},[53,63083,83],{"class":71},[53,63085,75],{"class":67},[53,63087,759],{"class":71},[53,63089,86],{"class":67},[14,63091,63092,63093,63097],{},"This is common when working with ",[183,63094,63095],{"href":36059},[18,63096,36062],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[830,63099,63101],{"id":63100},"set-to-list","Set to list",[44,63103,63105],{"className":46,"code":63104,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63106,63107,63129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63110,3702],{"class":59},[53,63112,64],{"class":63},[53,63114,22425],{"class":2782},[53,63116,587],{"class":67},[53,63118,539],{"class":71},[53,63120,75],{"class":67},[53,63122,7658],{"class":71},[53,63124,75],{"class":67},[53,63126,7663],{"class":71},[53,63128,607],{"class":67},[53,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63132,115],{"class":114},[53,63134,102],{"class":67},[53,63136,5233],{"class":98},[53,63138,108],{"class":67},[14,63140,16823],{},[44,63142,63144],{"className":46,"code":63143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63145,63146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63149,338],{"class":67},[53,63151,539],{"class":71},[53,63153,75],{"class":67},[53,63155,7658],{"class":71},[53,63157,75],{"class":67},[53,63159,7663],{"class":71},[53,63161,86],{"class":67},[14,63163,63164],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[830,63166,63168],{"id":63167},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[44,63170,63172],{"className":46,"code":63171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63173,63174,63210,63224,63228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63175,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63177,13069],{"class":59},[53,63179,64],{"class":63},[53,63181,679],{"class":67},[53,63183,253],{"class":252},[53,63185,592],{"class":256},[53,63187,253],{"class":252},[53,63189,597],{"class":67},[53,63191,264],{"class":252},[53,63193,12747],{"class":256},[53,63195,253],{"class":252},[53,63197,75],{"class":67},[53,63199,264],{"class":252},[53,63201,9166],{"class":256},[53,63203,253],{"class":252},[53,63205,597],{"class":67},[53,63207,9173],{"class":71},[53,63209,9176],{"class":67},[53,63211,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63213,276],{"class":59},[53,63215,64],{"class":63},[53,63217,22425],{"class":2782},[53,63219,102],{"class":67},[53,63221,17172],{"class":98},[53,63223,108],{"class":67},[53,63225,63226],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,63227,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,63229,63230,63232,63234,63236],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,63231,115],{"class":114},[53,63233,102],{"class":67},[53,63235,323],{"class":98},[53,63237,108],{"class":67},[14,63239,328],{},[44,63241,63242],{"className":46,"code":25346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,63243,63244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63245,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63247,338],{"class":67},[53,63249,341],{"class":252},[53,63251,592],{"class":256},[53,63253,341],{"class":252},[53,63255,75],{"class":67},[53,63257,350],{"class":252},[53,63259,9166],{"class":256},[53,63261,341],{"class":252},[53,63263,86],{"class":67},[14,63265,63266,63267,63269],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63268,24646],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63271,63272,63273,95],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[183,63274,63276],{"href":63275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[39,63278,63280],{"id":63279},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63282,63283],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63285,60881],{},[140,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298],{},[143,63289,172],{},[143,63291,5178],{},[143,63293,166],{},[143,63295,5181],{},[143,63297,62723],{},[143,63299,175],{},[14,63301,63302],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[44,63304,63306],{"className":46,"code":63305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63307,63308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63309,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63323,63325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63311,115],{"class":114},[53,63313,102],{"class":67},[53,63315,7961],{"class":2782},[53,63317,102],{"class":67},[53,63319,253],{"class":252},[53,63321,63322],{"class":256},"hi",[53,63324,253],{"class":252},[53,63326,1907],{"class":67},[14,63328,328],{},[44,63330,63332],{"className":46,"code":63331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63333,63334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63335,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63337,338],{"class":67},[53,63339,341],{"class":252},[53,63341,60164],{"class":256},[53,63343,341],{"class":252},[53,63345,75],{"class":67},[53,63347,350],{"class":252},[53,63349,36018],{"class":256},[53,63351,341],{"class":252},[53,63353,86],{"class":67},[14,63355,63356],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[44,63358,63360],{"className":46,"code":63359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63361,63362],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63363,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63365,115],{"class":114},[53,63367,102],{"class":67},[53,63369,7961],{"class":2782},[53,63371,102],{"class":67},[53,63373,2017],{"class":71},[53,63375,1907],{"class":67},[14,63377,328],{},[44,63379,63381],{"className":46,"code":63380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63382,63383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63386,2885],{"class":2782},[53,63388,597],{"class":67},[53,63390,350],{"class":252},[53,63392,2071],{"class":256},[53,63394,341],{"class":252},[53,63396,24482],{"class":2782},[53,63398,7964],{"class":63},[53,63400,7967],{"class":63},[53,63402,63403],{"class":59}," iterable\n",[14,63405,63406,63407,63409,63410,95],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[183,63408,5011],{"href":5459},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[183,63411,63412],{"href":52463},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[39,63414,63416],{"id":63415},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63418,63419,63420,63423],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63421,63422],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[44,63425,63427],{"className":46,"code":63426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63428,63429,63449,63463,63467,63477,63487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63432,11951],{"class":59},[53,63434,64],{"class":63},[53,63436,68],{"class":67},[53,63438,72],{"class":71},[53,63440,75],{"class":67},[53,63442,78],{"class":71},[53,63444,75],{"class":67},[53,63446,83],{"class":71},[53,63448,86],{"class":67},[53,63450,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63452,14174],{"class":59},[53,63454,64],{"class":63},[53,63456,22425],{"class":2782},[53,63458,102],{"class":67},[53,63460,11998],{"class":98},[53,63462,108],{"class":67},[53,63464,63465],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,63466,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,63468,63469,63471,63473,63475],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,63470,115],{"class":114},[53,63472,102],{"class":67},[53,63474,11998],{"class":98},[53,63476,108],{"class":67},[53,63478,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,63480,115],{"class":114},[53,63482,102],{"class":67},[53,63484,14193],{"class":98},[53,63486,108],{"class":67},[53,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,63490,115],{"class":114},[53,63492,102],{"class":67},[53,63494,11951],{"class":98},[53,63496,12059],{"class":1558},[53,63498,14247],{"class":98},[53,63500,108],{"class":67},[14,63502,328],{},[44,63504,63506],{"className":46,"code":63505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63507,63508,63524,63540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63511,338],{"class":67},[53,63513,72],{"class":71},[53,63515,75],{"class":67},[53,63517,78],{"class":71},[53,63519,75],{"class":67},[53,63521,83],{"class":71},[53,63523,86],{"class":67},[53,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63527,338],{"class":67},[53,63529,72],{"class":71},[53,63531,75],{"class":67},[53,63533,78],{"class":71},[53,63535,75],{"class":67},[53,63537,83],{"class":71},[53,63539,86],{"class":67},[53,63541,63542],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,63543,3916],{"class":369},[14,63545,63546,63547,63549],{},"This means ",[18,63548,14193],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63551,63552,63553,63555],{},"However, this is only a ",[23,63554,12717],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[44,63557,63559],{"className":46,"code":63558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63560,63561,63587,63601,63605,63623,63627,63637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63562,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63564,11951],{"class":59},[53,63566,64],{"class":63},[53,63568,56018],{"class":67},[53,63570,72],{"class":71},[53,63572,75],{"class":67},[53,63574,78],{"class":71},[53,63576,17926],{"class":67},[53,63578,68],{"class":67},[53,63580,754],{"class":71},[53,63582,75],{"class":67},[53,63584,759],{"class":71},[53,63586,711],{"class":67},[53,63588,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63590,14174],{"class":59},[53,63592,64],{"class":63},[53,63594,22425],{"class":2782},[53,63596,102],{"class":67},[53,63598,11998],{"class":98},[53,63600,108],{"class":67},[53,63602,63603],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,63604,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,63606,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,63608,14193],{"class":59},[53,63610,338],{"class":67},[53,63612,2000],{"class":71},[53,63614,1252],{"class":67},[53,63616,99],{"class":98},[53,63618,102],{"class":67},[53,63620,56071],{"class":71},[53,63622,108],{"class":67},[53,63624,63625],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,63626,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,63628,63629,63631,63633,63635],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,63630,115],{"class":114},[53,63632,102],{"class":67},[53,63634,11998],{"class":98},[53,63636,108],{"class":67},[53,63638,63639,63641,63643,63645],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,63640,115],{"class":114},[53,63642,102],{"class":67},[53,63644,14193],{"class":98},[53,63646,108],{"class":67},[14,63648,328],{},[44,63650,63651],{"className":46,"code":56102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,63652,63653,63679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63654,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63656,56109],{"class":67},[53,63658,72],{"class":71},[53,63660,75],{"class":67},[53,63662,78],{"class":71},[53,63664,75],{"class":67},[53,63666,10064],{"class":71},[53,63668,17926],{"class":67},[53,63670,68],{"class":67},[53,63672,754],{"class":71},[53,63674,75],{"class":67},[53,63676,759],{"class":71},[53,63678,711],{"class":67},[53,63680,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63682,56109],{"class":67},[53,63684,72],{"class":71},[53,63686,75],{"class":67},[53,63688,78],{"class":71},[53,63690,75],{"class":67},[53,63692,10064],{"class":71},[53,63694,17926],{"class":67},[53,63696,68],{"class":67},[53,63698,754],{"class":71},[53,63700,75],{"class":67},[53,63702,759],{"class":71},[53,63704,711],{"class":67},[14,63706,63707],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63709,63710,63711,95],{},"For more on this, see ",[183,63712,13654],{"href":13653},[39,63714,63716],{"id":63715},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63718,63719,63720,95],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63721,24646],{},[830,63723,63725],{"id":63724},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[44,63727,63729],{"className":46,"code":63728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63730,63731,63771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63732,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63734,12730],{"class":59},[53,63736,64],{"class":63},[53,63738,679],{"class":67},[53,63740,253],{"class":252},[53,63742,592],{"class":256},[53,63744,253],{"class":252},[53,63746,597],{"class":67},[53,63748,264],{"class":252},[53,63750,7788],{"class":256},[53,63752,253],{"class":252},[53,63754,75],{"class":67},[53,63756,264],{"class":252},[53,63758,19755],{"class":256},[53,63760,253],{"class":252},[53,63762,597],{"class":67},[53,63764,264],{"class":252},[53,63766,22110],{"class":256},[53,63768,253],{"class":252},[53,63770,9176],{"class":67},[53,63772,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63774,115],{"class":114},[53,63776,102],{"class":67},[53,63778,7961],{"class":2782},[53,63780,102],{"class":67},[53,63782,13489],{"class":98},[53,63784,1907],{"class":67},[14,63786,328],{},[44,63788,63790],{"className":46,"code":63789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,63791,63792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63793,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63795,338],{"class":67},[53,63797,341],{"class":252},[53,63799,592],{"class":256},[53,63801,341],{"class":252},[53,63803,75],{"class":67},[53,63805,350],{"class":252},[53,63807,19755],{"class":256},[53,63809,341],{"class":252},[53,63811,86],{"class":67},[830,63813,63815],{"id":63814},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[44,63817,63819],{"className":46,"code":63818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,63820,63821,63861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63822,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63824,12730],{"class":59},[53,63826,64],{"class":63},[53,63828,679],{"class":67},[53,63830,253],{"class":252},[53,63832,592],{"class":256},[53,63834,253],{"class":252},[53,63836,597],{"class":67},[53,63838,264],{"class":252},[53,63840,7788],{"class":256},[53,63842,253],{"class":252},[53,63844,75],{"class":67},[53,63846,264],{"class":252},[53,63848,19755],{"class":256},[53,63850,253],{"class":252},[53,63852,597],{"class":67},[53,63854,264],{"class":252},[53,63856,22110],{"class":256},[53,63858,253],{"class":252},[53,63860,9176],{"class":67},[53,63862,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63864,115],{"class":114},[53,63866,102],{"class":67},[53,63868,7961],{"class":2782},[53,63870,102],{"class":67},[53,63872,13489],{"class":98},[53,63874,95],{"class":67},[53,63876,5233],{"class":98},[53,63878,6162],{"class":67},[14,63880,328],{},[44,63882,63884],{"className":46,"code":63883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,63885,63886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63887,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63889,338],{"class":67},[53,63891,341],{"class":252},[53,63893,7788],{"class":256},[53,63895,341],{"class":252},[53,63897,75],{"class":67},[53,63899,350],{"class":252},[53,63901,22110],{"class":256},[53,63903,341],{"class":252},[53,63905,86],{"class":67},[830,63907,63909],{"id":63908},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[44,63911,63913],{"className":46,"code":63912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,63914,63915,63955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63916,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63918,12730],{"class":59},[53,63920,64],{"class":63},[53,63922,679],{"class":67},[53,63924,253],{"class":252},[53,63926,592],{"class":256},[53,63928,253],{"class":252},[53,63930,597],{"class":67},[53,63932,264],{"class":252},[53,63934,7788],{"class":256},[53,63936,253],{"class":252},[53,63938,75],{"class":67},[53,63940,264],{"class":252},[53,63942,19755],{"class":256},[53,63944,253],{"class":252},[53,63946,597],{"class":67},[53,63948,264],{"class":252},[53,63950,22110],{"class":256},[53,63952,253],{"class":252},[53,63954,9176],{"class":67},[53,63956,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,63958,115],{"class":114},[53,63960,102],{"class":67},[53,63962,7961],{"class":2782},[53,63964,102],{"class":67},[53,63966,13489],{"class":98},[53,63968,95],{"class":67},[53,63970,530],{"class":98},[53,63972,6162],{"class":67},[14,63974,328],{},[44,63976,63978],{"className":46,"code":63977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,63979,63980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63981,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63983,21605],{"class":67},[53,63985,341],{"class":252},[53,63987,592],{"class":256},[53,63989,341],{"class":252},[53,63991,75],{"class":67},[53,63993,350],{"class":252},[53,63995,7788],{"class":256},[53,63997,341],{"class":252},[53,63999,9100],{"class":67},[53,64001,9103],{"class":67},[53,64003,341],{"class":252},[53,64005,19755],{"class":256},[53,64007,341],{"class":252},[53,64009,75],{"class":67},[53,64011,350],{"class":252},[53,64013,22110],{"class":256},[53,64015,341],{"class":252},[53,64017,9116],{"class":67},[14,64019,64020],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[39,64022,64024],{"id":64023},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64026,131,64027,10468],{},[18,64028,24646],{},[140,64030,64031,64039,64048],{},[143,64032,64033,64034,2758,64036],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64035,20],{},[18,64037,64038],{},"sort()",[143,64040,64041,64042,2758,64044,64047],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64043,36062],{},[18,64045,64046],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[143,64049,64050],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64052,45903,64053,597],{},[18,64054,64046],{},[44,64056,64058],{"className":46,"code":64057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64059,64060,64084,64100,64104,64127],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64061,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64063,4869],{"class":59},[53,64065,64],{"class":63},[53,64067,68],{"class":67},[53,64069,253],{"class":252},[53,64071,12747],{"class":256},[53,64073,253],{"class":252},[53,64075,75],{"class":67},[53,64077,264],{"class":252},[53,64079,35806],{"class":256},[53,64081,253],{"class":252},[53,64083,86],{"class":67},[53,64085,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64087,4938],{"class":59},[53,64089,64],{"class":63},[53,64091,68],{"class":67},[53,64093,13367],{"class":71},[53,64095,75],{"class":67},[53,64097,13372],{"class":71},[53,64099,86],{"class":67},[53,64101,64102],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,64103,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,64105,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,64107,9082],{"class":59},[53,64109,64],{"class":63},[53,64111,22425],{"class":2782},[53,64113,102],{"class":67},[53,64115,64116],{"class":114},"zip",[53,64118,102],{"class":67},[53,64120,4913],{"class":98},[53,64122,75],{"class":67},[53,64124,4985],{"class":98},[53,64126,1907],{"class":67},[53,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,64130,115],{"class":114},[53,64132,102],{"class":67},[53,64134,9129],{"class":98},[53,64136,108],{"class":67},[14,64138,328],{},[44,64140,64142],{"className":46,"code":64141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64143,64144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64145,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64147,21605],{"class":67},[53,64149,341],{"class":252},[53,64151,12747],{"class":256},[53,64153,341],{"class":252},[53,64155,75],{"class":67},[53,64157,19762],{"class":71},[53,64159,9100],{"class":67},[53,64161,9103],{"class":67},[53,64163,341],{"class":252},[53,64165,35806],{"class":256},[53,64167,341],{"class":252},[53,64169,75],{"class":67},[53,64171,13372],{"class":71},[53,64173,9116],{"class":67},[14,64175,64176,64177,64179,64180,95],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64178,20],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[183,64181,499],{"href":498},[39,64183,1039],{"id":1038},[14,64185,56500,64186,95],{},[18,64187,24646],{},[830,64189,64191],{"id":64190},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64193,4400],{},[44,64195,64197],{"className":46,"code":64196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64198,64199,64203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64200,64201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64202,4410],{"class":127},[53,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64206,7961],{"class":2782},[53,64208,102],{"class":67},[53,64210,72],{"class":71},[53,64212,75],{"class":67},[53,64214,78],{"class":71},[53,64216,75],{"class":67},[53,64218,83],{"class":71},[53,64220,108],{"class":67},[14,64222,64223,64225],{},[18,64224,24646],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64227,18559],{},[44,64229,64231],{"className":46,"code":64230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64232,64233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64234,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64236,115],{"class":114},[53,64238,102],{"class":67},[53,64240,7961],{"class":2782},[53,64242,5384],{"class":67},[53,64244,72],{"class":71},[53,64246,75],{"class":67},[53,64248,78],{"class":71},[53,64250,75],{"class":67},[53,64252,83],{"class":71},[53,64254,2793],{"class":67},[830,64256,64258,64259],{"id":64257},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[53,64260,64261],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64263,64264],{},"This is a common surprise:",[44,64266,64268],{"className":46,"code":64267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64269,64270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64271,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64273,115],{"class":114},[53,64275,102],{"class":67},[53,64277,7961],{"class":2782},[53,64279,102],{"class":67},[53,64281,253],{"class":252},[53,64283,556],{"class":256},[53,64285,253],{"class":252},[53,64287,1907],{"class":67},[14,64289,328],{},[44,64291,64293],{"className":46,"code":64292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64294,64295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64296,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64298,338],{"class":67},[53,64300,341],{"class":252},[53,64302,60164],{"class":256},[53,64304,341],{"class":252},[53,64306,75],{"class":67},[53,64308,350],{"class":252},[53,64310,60173],{"class":256},[53,64312,341],{"class":252},[53,64314,75],{"class":67},[53,64316,350],{"class":252},[53,64318,60182],{"class":256},[53,64320,341],{"class":252},[53,64322,75],{"class":67},[53,64324,350],{"class":252},[53,64326,60182],{"class":256},[53,64328,341],{"class":252},[53,64330,75],{"class":67},[53,64332,350],{"class":252},[53,64334,60199],{"class":256},[53,64336,341],{"class":252},[53,64338,86],{"class":67},[14,64340,64341],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64343,64344],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[44,64346,64348],{"className":46,"code":64347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64349,64350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64351,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64353,115],{"class":114},[53,64355,619],{"class":67},[53,64357,253],{"class":252},[53,64359,556],{"class":256},[53,64361,253],{"class":252},[53,64363,632],{"class":67},[830,64365,64367],{"id":64366},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64369,64370],{},"This:",[44,64372,64374],{"className":46,"code":64373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64375,64376,64408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64379,1692],{"class":59},[53,64381,64],{"class":63},[53,64383,679],{"class":67},[53,64385,253],{"class":252},[53,64387,183],{"class":256},[53,64389,253],{"class":252},[53,64391,597],{"class":67},[53,64393,5371],{"class":71},[53,64395,75],{"class":67},[53,64397,264],{"class":252},[53,64399,1453],{"class":256},[53,64401,253],{"class":252},[53,64403,597],{"class":67},[53,64405,78],{"class":71},[53,64407,9176],{"class":67},[53,64409,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64411,115],{"class":114},[53,64413,102],{"class":67},[53,64415,7961],{"class":2782},[53,64417,102],{"class":67},[53,64419,1709],{"class":98},[53,64421,1907],{"class":67},[14,64423,64424],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64426,131,64427,64430],{},[18,64428,64429],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[830,64432,64434],{"id":64433},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64436,64437,64439],{},[18,64438,24646],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64441,64442],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[39,64444,1650],{"id":1649},[830,64446,5055,64448,64450],{"id":64447},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[53,64449],{}," and list()?",[14,64452,64453,64454,64456,64457,64459],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64455,3666],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64458,24646],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[830,64461,64463],{"id":64462},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64465,64466,64467,64469],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64468,24646],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[830,64471,64473],{"id":64472},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64475,64476],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[830,64478,64480],{"id":64479},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64482,64483],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[830,64485,64487],{"id":64486},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64489,64490,64491,64493],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64492,24646],{}," cannot loop through it.",[39,64495,1782],{"id":1781},[140,64497,64498,64502,64507,64511,64515,64519,64523,64528],{},[143,64499,64500],{},[183,64501,186],{"href":185},[143,64503,64504],{},[183,64505,64506],{"href":36059},"Python range() function explained",[143,64508,64509],{},[183,64510,62944],{"href":62943},[143,64512,64513],{},[183,64514,63276],{"href":63275},[143,64516,64517],{},[183,64518,5092],{"href":5459},[143,64520,64521],{},[183,64522,13654],{"href":13653},[143,64524,64525],{},[183,64526,64527],{"href":52463},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[143,64529,64530],{},[183,64531,1789],{"href":498},[1810,64533,64534],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":64536},[64537,64538,64539,64540,64541,64548,64549,64550,64555,64556,64563,64571],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":62646,"depth":89,"text":62647},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":59345,"depth":89,"text":59346},{"id":62874,"depth":89,"text":62875,"children":64542},[64543,64544,64545,64546,64547],{"id":62878,"depth":111,"text":62879},{"id":62947,"depth":111,"text":62948},{"id":63025,"depth":111,"text":63026},{"id":63100,"depth":111,"text":63101},{"id":63167,"depth":111,"text":63168},{"id":63279,"depth":89,"text":63280},{"id":63415,"depth":89,"text":63416},{"id":63715,"depth":89,"text":63716,"children":64551},[64552,64553,64554],{"id":63724,"depth":111,"text":63725},{"id":63814,"depth":111,"text":63815},{"id":63908,"depth":111,"text":63909},{"id":64023,"depth":89,"text":64024},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":64557},[64558,64559,64561,64562],{"id":64190,"depth":111,"text":64191},{"id":64257,"depth":111,"text":64560},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64366,"depth":111,"text":64367},{"id":64433,"depth":111,"text":64434},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":64564},[64565,64567,64568,64569,64570],{"id":64447,"depth":111,"text":64566},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64462,"depth":111,"text":64463},{"id":64472,"depth":111,"text":64473},{"id":64479,"depth":111,"text":64480},{"id":64486,"depth":111,"text":64487},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62480,"description":64572},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64579,"title":64580,"body":64581,"description":65932,"extension":1841,"meta":65933,"navigation":301,"path":65934,"seo":65935,"stem":65936,"__hash__":65937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64582,"toc":65906},[64583,64588,64594,64603,64605,64678,64687,64692,64696,64712,64716,64718,64720,64739,64742,64770,64773,64798,64806,64808,64813,64820,64822,64879,64881,64889,64895,64899,64902,64975,64977,64985,64988,65011,65018,65024,65028,65034,65105,65107,65115,65124,65131,65138,65146,65290,65292,65309,65312,65351,65354,65358,65363,65365,65424,65430,65433,65540,65542,65557,65560,65567,65569,65573,65721,65724,65785,65788,65791,65812,65817,65821,65832,65835,65837,65842,65845,65853,65858,65864,65867,65873,65881,65883,65903],[10,64584,54066,64586,11190],{"id":64585},"python-list-index-method",[18,64587,58693],{},[14,64589,64590,64593],{},[18,64591,64592],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64595,64596,64597,64600,64601,95],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[23,64598,64599],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64602,40566],{},[39,64604,42],{"id":41},[44,64606,64608],{"className":46,"code":64607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64609,64610,64642,64665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64611,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64613,516],{"class":59},[53,64615,64],{"class":63},[53,64617,68],{"class":67},[53,64619,253],{"class":252},[53,64621,257],{"class":256},[53,64623,253],{"class":252},[53,64625,75],{"class":67},[53,64627,264],{"class":252},[53,64629,267],{"class":256},[53,64631,253],{"class":252},[53,64633,75],{"class":67},[53,64635,264],{"class":252},[53,64637,3971],{"class":256},[53,64639,253],{"class":252},[53,64641,86],{"class":67},[53,64643,64644,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64645,64646],{"class":59},"position ",[53,64648,64],{"class":63},[53,64650,1080],{"class":59},[53,64652,95],{"class":67},[53,64654,35711],{"class":98},[53,64656,102],{"class":67},[53,64658,253],{"class":252},[53,64660,267],{"class":256},[53,64662,253],{"class":252},[53,64664,108],{"class":67},[53,64666,64667,64669,64671,64674,64676],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,64668,115],{"class":114},[53,64670,102],{"class":67},[53,64672,64673],{"class":98},"position",[53,64675,3539],{"class":67},[53,64677,27645],{"class":127},[14,64679,131,64680,64683,64684,64686],{},[18,64681,64682],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64685,40566],{}," if the item is not found.",[39,64688,3556,64690,3559],{"id":64689},"what-listindex-does",[18,64691,64592],{},[14,64693,64694,597],{},[18,64695,64592],{},[140,64697,64698,64701,64704,64709],{},[143,64699,64700],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[143,64702,64703],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[143,64705,64706,64707],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64708,2000],{},[143,64710,64711],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64713,54291,64714,95],{},[183,64715,186],{"href":54294},[39,64717,2039],{"id":2038},[14,64719,30591],{},[44,64721,64723],{"className":46,"code":64722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64724,64725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64728,203],{"class":59},[53,64730,95],{"class":67},[53,64732,35711],{"class":98},[53,64734,102],{"class":67},[53,64736,2350],{"class":98},[53,64738,108],{"class":67},[14,64740,64741],{},"You can also limit the search:",[44,64743,64745],{"className":46,"code":64744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64746,64747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64748,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64750,203],{"class":59},[53,64752,95],{"class":67},[53,64754,35711],{"class":98},[53,64756,102],{"class":67},[53,64758,2350],{"class":98},[53,64760,75],{"class":67},[53,64762,35917],{"class":98},[53,64764,75],{"class":67},[53,64766,64767],{"class":98}," end",[53,64769,108],{"class":67},[14,64771,64772],{},"Here is what each part means:",[140,64774,64775,64780,64785,64790],{},[143,64776,64777,64779],{},[18,64778,2350],{},": the item to search for",[143,64781,64782,64784],{},[18,64783,35938],{},": where the search begins",[143,64786,64787,64789],{},[18,64788,29],{},": where the search stops",[143,64791,64792,4657,64794,64797],{},[18,64793,29],{},[23,64795,64796],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64799,64800,64801,64803,64804,95],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,64802,35938],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,64805,29],{},[39,64807,37883],{"id":37882},[14,64809,64810,64812],{},[18,64811,64592],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64814,64815,64816,64819],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[23,64817,64818],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64821,235],{},[44,64823,64825],{"className":46,"code":64824,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,64826,64827,64847,64865,64869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64828,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64830,60],{"class":59},[53,64832,64],{"class":63},[53,64834,68],{"class":67},[53,64836,539],{"class":71},[53,64838,75],{"class":67},[53,64840,7658],{"class":71},[53,64842,75],{"class":67},[53,64844,7663],{"class":71},[53,64846,86],{"class":67},[53,64848,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64850,276],{"class":59},[53,64852,64],{"class":63},[53,64854,4138],{"class":59},[53,64856,95],{"class":67},[53,64858,35711],{"class":98},[53,64860,102],{"class":67},[53,64862,15618],{"class":71},[53,64864,108],{"class":67},[53,64866,64867],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,64868,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,64870,64871,64873,64875,64877],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,64872,115],{"class":114},[53,64874,102],{"class":67},[53,64876,323],{"class":98},[53,64878,108],{"class":67},[14,64880,328],{},[44,64882,64883],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,64884,64885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64886,64887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64888,46779],{"class":71},[14,64890,64891,64892,64894],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,64893,58693],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[39,64896,64898],{"id":64897},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64900,64901],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[44,64903,64905],{"className":46,"code":64904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,64906,64907,64939,64961,64965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64908,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64910,245],{"class":59},[53,64912,64],{"class":63},[53,64914,68],{"class":67},[53,64916,253],{"class":252},[53,64918,257],{"class":256},[53,64920,253],{"class":252},[53,64922,75],{"class":67},[53,64924,264],{"class":252},[53,64926,267],{"class":256},[53,64928,253],{"class":252},[53,64930,75],{"class":67},[53,64932,264],{"class":252},[53,64934,3971],{"class":256},[53,64936,253],{"class":252},[53,64938,86],{"class":67},[53,64940,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,64942,64646],{"class":59},[53,64944,64],{"class":63},[53,64946,281],{"class":59},[53,64948,95],{"class":67},[53,64950,35711],{"class":98},[53,64952,102],{"class":67},[53,64954,253],{"class":252},[53,64956,3971],{"class":256},[53,64958,253],{"class":252},[53,64960,108],{"class":67},[53,64962,64963],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,64964,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,64966,64967,64969,64971,64973],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,64968,115],{"class":114},[53,64970,102],{"class":67},[53,64972,64673],{"class":98},[53,64974,108],{"class":67},[14,64976,328],{},[44,64978,64979],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,64980,64981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64982,64983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64984,16921],{"class":71},[14,64986,64987],{},"In this list:",[140,64989,64990,64997,65004],{},[143,64991,64992,64994,64995],{},[18,64993,57558],{}," is at index ",[18,64996,2000],{},[143,64998,64999,64994,65002],{},[18,65000,65001],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65003,72],{},[143,65005,65006,64994,65009],{},[18,65007,65008],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65010,1937],{},[14,65012,1134,65013,1129,65016,95],{},[18,65014,65015],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65017,1937],{},[14,65019,51406,65020,95],{},[183,65021,65023],{"href":65022},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[39,65025,65027],{"id":65026},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65029,65030,65031,65033],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65032,58693],{}," returns the first match only.",[44,65035,65037],{"className":46,"code":65036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65038,65039,65079,65083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65040,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65042,398],{"class":59},[53,65044,64],{"class":63},[53,65046,68],{"class":67},[53,65048,253],{"class":252},[53,65050,407],{"class":256},[53,65052,253],{"class":252},[53,65054,75],{"class":67},[53,65056,264],{"class":252},[53,65058,416],{"class":256},[53,65060,253],{"class":252},[53,65062,75],{"class":67},[53,65064,264],{"class":252},[53,65066,407],{"class":256},[53,65068,253],{"class":252},[53,65070,75],{"class":67},[53,65072,264],{"class":252},[53,65074,436],{"class":256},[53,65076,253],{"class":252},[53,65078,86],{"class":67},[53,65080,65081],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65082,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,65084,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,65086,115],{"class":114},[53,65088,102],{"class":67},[53,65090,425],{"class":98},[53,65092,95],{"class":67},[53,65094,35711],{"class":98},[53,65096,102],{"class":67},[53,65098,253],{"class":252},[53,65100,407],{"class":256},[53,65102,253],{"class":252},[53,65104,1907],{"class":67},[14,65106,328],{},[44,65108,65109],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,65110,65111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65112,65113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65114,47114],{"class":71},[14,65116,20842,65117,65120,65121,65123],{},[18,65118,65119],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65122,2000],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65125,65126,65127,95],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[183,65128,55244,65129,10608],{"href":58752},[18,65130,57015],{},[39,65132,833,65134,4269,65136],{"id":65133},"using-start-and-end",[18,65135,35938],{},[18,65137,29],{},[14,65139,65140,65141,4269,65143,65145],{},"The optional ",[18,65142,35938],{},[18,65144,29],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[44,65147,65149],{"className":46,"code":65148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65150,65151,65199,65203,65228,65257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65152,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65154,1411],{"class":59},[53,65156,64],{"class":63},[53,65158,68],{"class":67},[53,65160,253],{"class":252},[53,65162,183],{"class":256},[53,65164,253],{"class":252},[53,65166,75],{"class":67},[53,65168,264],{"class":252},[53,65170,1453],{"class":256},[53,65172,253],{"class":252},[53,65174,75],{"class":67},[53,65176,264],{"class":252},[53,65178,1428],{"class":256},[53,65180,253],{"class":252},[53,65182,75],{"class":67},[53,65184,264],{"class":252},[53,65186,1453],{"class":256},[53,65188,253],{"class":252},[53,65190,75],{"class":67},[53,65192,264],{"class":252},[53,65194,18632],{"class":256},[53,65196,253],{"class":252},[53,65198,86],{"class":67},[53,65200,65201],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65202,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,65204,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,65206,115],{"class":114},[53,65208,102],{"class":67},[53,65210,1437],{"class":98},[53,65212,95],{"class":67},[53,65214,35711],{"class":98},[53,65216,102],{"class":67},[53,65218,253],{"class":252},[53,65220,1453],{"class":256},[53,65222,253],{"class":252},[53,65224,5236],{"class":67},[53,65226,65227],{"class":127},"        # first match\n",[53,65229,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,65231,115],{"class":114},[53,65233,102],{"class":67},[53,65235,1437],{"class":98},[53,65237,95],{"class":67},[53,65239,35711],{"class":98},[53,65241,102],{"class":67},[53,65243,253],{"class":252},[53,65245,1453],{"class":256},[53,65247,253],{"class":252},[53,65249,75],{"class":67},[53,65251,78],{"class":71},[53,65253,5236],{"class":67},[53,65255,65256],{"class":127},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[53,65258,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,65260,115],{"class":114},[53,65262,102],{"class":67},[53,65264,1437],{"class":98},[53,65266,95],{"class":67},[53,65268,35711],{"class":98},[53,65270,102],{"class":67},[53,65272,253],{"class":252},[53,65274,1453],{"class":256},[53,65276,253],{"class":252},[53,65278,75],{"class":67},[53,65280,5371],{"class":71},[53,65282,75],{"class":67},[53,65284,759],{"class":71},[53,65286,5236],{"class":67},[53,65288,65289],{"class":127},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65291,328],{},[44,65293,65295],{"className":46,"code":65294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65296,65297,65301,65305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65298,65299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65300,46779],{"class":71},[53,65302,65303],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65304,46479],{"class":71},[53,65306,65307],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,65308,46779],{"class":71},[14,65310,65311],{},"How this works:",[140,65313,65314,65326,65339],{},[143,65315,65316,65319,65320,65323,65324],{},[18,65317,65318],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65321,65322],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65325,72],{},[143,65327,65328,65331,65332,65334,65335,65323,65337],{},[18,65329,65330],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65333,1937],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65336,65322],{},[18,65338,754],{},[143,65340,65341,65344,65345,2072,65347,16937,65349],{},[18,65342,65343],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65346,72],{},[18,65348,1937],{},[18,65350,754],{},[14,65352,65353],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[39,65355,65357],{"id":65356},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65359,65360,65361,95],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65362,40566],{},[14,65364,235],{},[44,65366,65368],{"className":46,"code":65367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65369,65370,65402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65371,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65373,516],{"class":59},[53,65375,64],{"class":63},[53,65377,68],{"class":67},[53,65379,253],{"class":252},[53,65381,257],{"class":256},[53,65383,253],{"class":252},[53,65385,75],{"class":67},[53,65387,264],{"class":252},[53,65389,267],{"class":256},[53,65391,253],{"class":252},[53,65393,75],{"class":67},[53,65395,264],{"class":252},[53,65397,3971],{"class":256},[53,65399,253],{"class":252},[53,65401,86],{"class":67},[53,65403,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65405,115],{"class":114},[53,65407,102],{"class":67},[53,65409,530],{"class":98},[53,65411,95],{"class":67},[53,65413,35711],{"class":98},[53,65415,102],{"class":67},[53,65417,253],{"class":252},[53,65419,292],{"class":256},[53,65421,253],{"class":252},[53,65423,1907],{"class":67},[14,65425,39517,65426,65429],{},[18,65427,65428],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65431,65432],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[44,65434,65436],{"className":46,"code":65435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65437,65438,65470,65483,65487,65500,65519,65525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65439,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65441,516],{"class":59},[53,65443,64],{"class":63},[53,65445,68],{"class":67},[53,65447,253],{"class":252},[53,65449,257],{"class":256},[53,65451,253],{"class":252},[53,65453,75],{"class":67},[53,65455,264],{"class":252},[53,65457,267],{"class":256},[53,65459,253],{"class":252},[53,65461,75],{"class":67},[53,65463,264],{"class":252},[53,65465,3971],{"class":256},[53,65467,253],{"class":252},[53,65469,86],{"class":67},[53,65471,65472,65475,65477,65479,65481],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65473,65474],{"class":59},"search_value ",[53,65476,64],{"class":63},[53,65478,264],{"class":252},[53,65480,292],{"class":256},[53,65482,3239],{"class":252},[53,65484,65485],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,65486,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,65488,65489,65491,65494,65496,65498],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,65490,6867],{"class":1558},[53,65492,65493],{"class":59}," search_value ",[53,65495,1565],{"class":63},[53,65497,1080],{"class":59},[53,65499,6265],{"class":67},[53,65501,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65517],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,65503,7936],{"class":114},[53,65505,102],{"class":67},[53,65507,530],{"class":98},[53,65509,95],{"class":67},[53,65511,35711],{"class":98},[53,65513,102],{"class":67},[53,65515,65516],{"class":98},"search_value",[53,65518,1907],{"class":67},[53,65520,65521,65523],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,65522,27299],{"class":1558},[53,65524,6265],{"class":67},[53,65526,65527,65529,65531,65533,65536,65538],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,65528,7936],{"class":114},[53,65530,102],{"class":67},[53,65532,253],{"class":252},[53,65534,65535],{"class":256},"Item not found",[53,65537,253],{"class":252},[53,65539,108],{"class":67},[14,65541,328],{},[44,65543,65545],{"className":46,"code":65544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Item not found\n",[18,65546,65547],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65548,65549,65552,65554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65550,65551],{"class":59},"Item ",[53,65553,36],{"class":63},[53,65555,65556],{"class":59}," found\n",[14,65558,65559],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65561,65562,65563,95],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[183,65564,65566],{"href":65565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[39,65568,1039],{"id":1038},[14,65570,21076,65571,597],{},[18,65572,64592],{},[140,65574,65575,65593,65605,65665],{},[143,65576,25639,65577,1129,65579,65582,65583,65585,65586,5036,65588,65590,65591,95],{},[18,65578,58693],{},[18,65580,65581],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9713,65584],{},"\nPython does ",[23,65587,36],{},[18,65589,65581],{},". It raises ",[18,65592,40566],{},[143,65594,65595,65596,65598,65601,65602,65604],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9713,65597],{},[18,65599,65600],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65603,65001],{},", not the value itself.",[143,65606,833,65607,10959,65610,65612,65614,65615,16520,65617,65640,16508,65642],{},[18,65608,65609],{},"index[]",[18,65611,58693],{},[9713,65613],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9713,65616],{},[44,65618,65620],{"className":46,"code":65619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65621,65622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65623,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65625,530],{"class":59},[53,65627,95],{"class":67},[53,65629,35711],{"class":98},[53,65631,102],{"class":67},[53,65633,253],{"class":252},[53,65635,267],{"class":256},[53,65637,253],{"class":252},[53,65639,108],{"class":67},[9713,65641],{},[44,65643,65645],{"className":46,"code":65644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65646,65647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65648,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65650,530],{"class":59},[53,65652,95],{"class":67},[53,65654,35711],{"class":24615},[53,65656,338],{"class":67},[53,65658,253],{"class":252},[53,65660,267],{"class":256},[53,65662,253],{"class":252},[53,65664,86],{"class":67},[143,65666,65667,65668,65670,4269,65673,65675,65676],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9713,65669],{},[18,65671,65672],{},"\"3\"",[18,65674,754],{}," are different values in Python.",[44,65677,65679],{"className":46,"code":65678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65680,65681,65701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65682,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65684,60],{"class":59},[53,65686,64],{"class":63},[53,65688,68],{"class":67},[53,65690,72],{"class":71},[53,65692,75],{"class":67},[53,65694,78],{"class":71},[53,65696,75],{"class":67},[53,65698,83],{"class":71},[53,65700,86],{"class":67},[53,65702,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65704,115],{"class":114},[53,65706,102],{"class":67},[53,65708,253],{"class":252},[53,65710,754],{"class":256},[53,65712,253],{"class":252},[53,65714,21038],{"class":1558},[53,65716,4138],{"class":98},[53,65718,3539],{"class":67},[53,65720,4645],{"class":127},[14,65722,65723],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,65725,65727],{"className":46,"code":65726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65728,65729,65739,65753,65767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65730,65731,65733,65735,65737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65732,115],{"class":114},[53,65734,102],{"class":67},[53,65736,203],{"class":98},[53,65738,108],{"class":67},[53,65740,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65742,115],{"class":114},[53,65744,102],{"class":67},[53,65746,3102],{"class":2782},[53,65748,102],{"class":67},[53,65750,65516],{"class":98},[53,65752,1907],{"class":67},[53,65754,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,65756,115],{"class":114},[53,65758,102],{"class":67},[53,65760,65474],{"class":98},[53,65762,1565],{"class":1558},[53,65764,8262],{"class":98},[53,65766,108],{"class":67},[53,65768,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,65770,115],{"class":114},[53,65772,102],{"class":67},[53,65774,203],{"class":98},[53,65776,95],{"class":67},[53,65778,35711],{"class":98},[53,65780,102],{"class":67},[53,65782,65516],{"class":98},[53,65784,1907],{"class":67},[14,65786,65787],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65789,65790],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[140,65792,65793,65796,65803,65809],{},[143,65794,65795],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[143,65797,65798,65799,10959,65801],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,65800,65672],{},[18,65802,754],{},[143,65804,65805,65806,65808],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,65807,58693],{}," returns only the first one",[143,65810,65811],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[39,65813,4835,65815],{"id":65814},"when-to-use-index",[18,65816,58693],{},[14,65818,131,65819,10468],{},[18,65820,58693],{},[140,65822,65823,65826,65829],{},[143,65824,65825],{},"You need the position of a known value",[143,65827,65828],{},"You are working with a small list",[143,65830,65831],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65833,65834],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[39,65836,1650],{"id":1649},[830,65838,5017,65840,5020],{"id":65839},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,65841,64592],{},[14,65843,65844],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[830,65846,12570,65848,5036,65850,65852],{"id":65847},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,65849,64592],{},[18,65851,65581],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65854,65855,65856,1381],{},"No. It raises ",[18,65857,40566],{},[830,65859,5045,65861,65863],{"id":65860},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,65862,64592],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65865,65866],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[830,65868,65870,65871,2370],{"id":65869},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,65872,58693],{},[14,65874,65875,65876,4269,65878,65880],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,65877,35938],{},[18,65879,29],{}," arguments.",[39,65882,1782],{"id":1781},[140,65884,65885,65889,65893,65897],{},[143,65886,65887],{},[183,65888,58681],{"href":65022},[143,65890,65891],{},[183,65892,186],{"href":54294},[143,65894,65895],{},[183,65896,65566],{"href":65565},[143,65898,65899],{},[183,65900,55244,65901,10608],{"href":58752},[18,65902,57015],{},[1810,65904,65905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":65907},[65908,65909,65911,65912,65913,65914,65915,65917,65918,65919,65921,65931],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":64689,"depth":89,"text":65910},"What list.index() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":37882,"depth":89,"text":37883},{"id":64897,"depth":89,"text":64898},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65027},{"id":65133,"depth":89,"text":65916},"Using start and end",{"id":65356,"depth":89,"text":65357},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039},{"id":65814,"depth":89,"text":65920},"When to use index()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":65922},[65923,65925,65927,65929],{"id":65839,"depth":111,"text":65924},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65847,"depth":111,"text":65926},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65860,"depth":111,"text":65928},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65869,"depth":111,"text":65930},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64580,"description":65932},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65939,"title":65940,"body":65941,"description":67883,"extension":1841,"meta":67884,"navigation":301,"path":67885,"seo":67886,"stem":67887,"__hash__":67888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65942,"toc":67843},[65943,65948,65953,65956,65965,66022,66028,66033,66037,66051,66057,66059,66082,66099,66101,66162,66164,66196,66209,66211,66214,66314,66316,66394,66400,66404,66412,66416,66422,66477,66479,66503,66507,66510,66563,66565,66589,66593,66596,66649,66651,66675,66679,66685,66756,66758,66799,66805,66812,66815,66820,66828,66833,66841,66843,66940,66942,67011,67018,67023,67025,67029,67034,67036,67107,67109,67138,67144,67146,67173,67176,67199,67203,67206,67228,67231,67254,67256,67316,67318,67350,67356,67361,67414,67416,67441,67444,67493,67495,67516,67520,67525,67528,67583,67585,67612,67619,67623,67628,67699,67702,67716,67721,67726,67728,67742,67754,67759,67761,67766,67771,67775,67778,67784,67790,67797,67805,67807,67840],[10,65944,54066,65946,11190],{"id":65945},"python-list-insert-method",[18,65947,1777],{},[14,65949,65950,65952],{},[18,65951,1399],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65954,65955],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65957,131,65958,65960,65961,95],{},[18,65959,1777],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[183,65962,55244,65963,10608],{"href":56493},[18,65964,20],{},[44,65966,65968],{"className":46,"code":65967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,65969,65970,65990,66008,66018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65971,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65973,60],{"class":59},[53,65975,64],{"class":63},[53,65977,68],{"class":67},[53,65979,72],{"class":71},[53,65981,75],{"class":67},[53,65983,78],{"class":71},[53,65985,75],{"class":67},[53,65987,759],{"class":71},[53,65989,86],{"class":67},[53,65991,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,65993,92],{"class":59},[53,65995,95],{"class":67},[53,65997,1442],{"class":98},[53,65999,102],{"class":67},[53,66001,1937],{"class":71},[53,66003,75],{"class":67},[53,66005,83],{"class":71},[53,66007,108],{"class":67},[53,66009,66010,66012,66014,66016],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66011,115],{"class":114},[53,66013,102],{"class":67},[53,66015,92],{"class":98},[53,66017,108],{"class":67},[53,66019,66020],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,66021,128],{"class":127},[14,66023,131,66024,66027],{},[18,66025,66026],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[39,66029,3556,66031,3559],{"id":66030},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66032,1399],{},[14,66034,66035,597],{},[18,66036,1399],{},[140,66038,66039,66042,66045,66047],{},[143,66040,66041],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[143,66043,66044],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[143,66046,54152],{},[143,66048,11292,66049],{},[18,66050,232],{},[14,66052,66053,66054,66056],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66055,1777],{}," does not create a new list.",[39,66058,190],{"id":189},[44,66060,66062],{"className":46,"code":66061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66063,66064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66065,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66067,203],{"class":59},[53,66069,95],{"class":67},[53,66071,1442],{"class":98},[53,66073,102],{"class":67},[53,66075,35711],{"class":98},[53,66077,75],{"class":67},[53,66079,29373],{"class":98},[53,66081,108],{"class":67},[140,66083,66084,66089,66094],{},[143,66085,66086,66088],{},[18,66087,35711],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[143,66090,66091,66093],{},[18,66092,212],{}," is the value to add",[143,66095,66096,66097],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66098,2000],{},[14,66100,235],{},[44,66102,66104],{"className":46,"code":66103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66105,66106,66130,66152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66107,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66109,1411],{"class":59},[53,66111,64],{"class":63},[53,66113,68],{"class":67},[53,66115,253],{"class":252},[53,66117,183],{"class":256},[53,66119,253],{"class":252},[53,66121,75],{"class":67},[53,66123,264],{"class":252},[53,66125,1428],{"class":256},[53,66127,253],{"class":252},[53,66129,86],{"class":67},[53,66131,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66133,1437],{"class":59},[53,66135,95],{"class":67},[53,66137,1442],{"class":98},[53,66139,102],{"class":67},[53,66141,72],{"class":71},[53,66143,75],{"class":67},[53,66145,264],{"class":252},[53,66147,1453],{"class":256},[53,66149,253],{"class":252},[53,66151,108],{"class":67},[53,66153,66154,66156,66158,66160],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66155,115],{"class":114},[53,66157,102],{"class":67},[53,66159,1437],{"class":98},[53,66161,108],{"class":67},[14,66163,328],{},[44,66165,66166],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,66167,66168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66169,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66171,338],{"class":67},[53,66173,341],{"class":252},[53,66175,183],{"class":256},[53,66177,341],{"class":252},[53,66179,75],{"class":67},[53,66181,350],{"class":252},[53,66183,1453],{"class":256},[53,66185,341],{"class":252},[53,66187,75],{"class":67},[53,66189,350],{"class":252},[53,66191,1428],{"class":256},[53,66193,341],{"class":252},[53,66195,86],{"class":67},[14,66197,20635,66198,66200,66201,66203,66204,4269,66206,95],{},[18,66199,65322],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66202,72],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66205,17960],{},[18,66207,66208],{},"\"c\"",[39,66210,5660],{"id":5659},[14,66212,66213],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[44,66215,66217],{"className":46,"code":66216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66218,66219,66251,66269,66273,66295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66222,398],{"class":59},[53,66224,64],{"class":63},[53,66226,68],{"class":67},[53,66228,253],{"class":252},[53,66230,407],{"class":256},[53,66232,253],{"class":252},[53,66234,75],{"class":67},[53,66236,264],{"class":252},[53,66238,416],{"class":256},[53,66240,253],{"class":252},[53,66242,75],{"class":67},[53,66244,264],{"class":252},[53,66246,436],{"class":256},[53,66248,253],{"class":252},[53,66250,86],{"class":67},[53,66252,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66254,115],{"class":114},[53,66256,102],{"class":67},[53,66258,253],{"class":252},[53,66260,11431],{"class":256},[53,66262,253],{"class":252},[53,66264,75],{"class":67},[53,66266,12988],{"class":98},[53,66268,108],{"class":67},[53,66270,66271],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66272,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,66274,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,66276,425],{"class":59},[53,66278,95],{"class":67},[53,66280,1442],{"class":98},[53,66282,102],{"class":67},[53,66284,72],{"class":71},[53,66286,75],{"class":67},[53,66288,264],{"class":252},[53,66290,22389],{"class":256},[53,66292,253],{"class":252},[53,66294,108],{"class":67},[53,66296,66297,66299,66301,66303,66306,66308,66310,66312],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,66298,115],{"class":114},[53,66300,102],{"class":67},[53,66302,253],{"class":252},[53,66304,66305],{"class":256},"After: ",[53,66307,253],{"class":252},[53,66309,75],{"class":67},[53,66311,12988],{"class":98},[53,66313,108],{"class":67},[14,66315,328],{},[44,66317,66319],{"className":46,"code":66318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66320,66321,66353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66322,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66324,11491],{"class":59},[53,66326,597],{"class":67},[53,66328,68],{"class":67},[53,66330,341],{"class":252},[53,66332,407],{"class":256},[53,66334,341],{"class":252},[53,66336,75],{"class":67},[53,66338,350],{"class":252},[53,66340,416],{"class":256},[53,66342,341],{"class":252},[53,66344,75],{"class":67},[53,66346,350],{"class":252},[53,66348,436],{"class":256},[53,66350,341],{"class":252},[53,66352,86],{"class":67},[53,66354,66355,66357,66359,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66356,11544],{"class":59},[53,66358,597],{"class":67},[53,66360,66361],{"class":67},"  [",[53,66363,341],{"class":252},[53,66365,407],{"class":256},[53,66367,341],{"class":252},[53,66369,75],{"class":67},[53,66371,350],{"class":252},[53,66373,22389],{"class":256},[53,66375,341],{"class":252},[53,66377,75],{"class":67},[53,66379,350],{"class":252},[53,66381,416],{"class":256},[53,66383,341],{"class":252},[53,66385,75],{"class":67},[53,66387,350],{"class":252},[53,66389,436],{"class":256},[53,66391,341],{"class":252},[53,66393,86],{"class":67},[14,66395,66396,66397,66399],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66398,72],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[39,66401,66403],{"id":66402},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66405,16,66406,35194,66408,66411],{},[18,66407,35711],{},[18,66409,66410],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[830,66413,66415],{"id":66414},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66417,66418,66419,66421],{},"Use index ",[18,66420,2000],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[44,66423,66425],{"className":46,"code":66424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66426,66427,66448,66467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66428,66429,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66430,66431],{"class":59},"nums ",[53,66433,64],{"class":63},[53,66435,68],{"class":67},[53,66437,1937],{"class":71},[53,66439,75],{"class":67},[53,66441,83],{"class":71},[53,66443,75],{"class":67},[53,66445,759],{"class":71},[53,66447,86],{"class":67},[53,66449,66450,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66451,66452],{"class":59},"nums",[53,66454,95],{"class":67},[53,66456,1442],{"class":98},[53,66458,102],{"class":67},[53,66460,2000],{"class":71},[53,66462,75],{"class":67},[53,66464,5371],{"class":71},[53,66466,108],{"class":67},[53,66468,66469,66471,66473,66475],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66470,115],{"class":114},[53,66472,102],{"class":67},[53,66474,66452],{"class":98},[53,66476,108],{"class":67},[14,66478,328],{},[44,66480,66481],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,66482,66483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66484,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66486,338],{"class":67},[53,66488,72],{"class":71},[53,66490,75],{"class":67},[53,66492,78],{"class":71},[53,66494,75],{"class":67},[53,66496,83],{"class":71},[53,66498,75],{"class":67},[53,66500,759],{"class":71},[53,66502,86],{"class":67},[830,66504,66506],{"id":66505},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66508,66509],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[44,66511,66513],{"className":46,"code":66512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66514,66515,66535,66553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66516,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66518,66431],{"class":59},[53,66520,64],{"class":63},[53,66522,68],{"class":67},[53,66524,72],{"class":71},[53,66526,75],{"class":67},[53,66528,78],{"class":71},[53,66530,75],{"class":67},[53,66532,759],{"class":71},[53,66534,86],{"class":67},[53,66536,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66538,66452],{"class":59},[53,66540,95],{"class":67},[53,66542,1442],{"class":98},[53,66544,102],{"class":67},[53,66546,1937],{"class":71},[53,66548,75],{"class":67},[53,66550,83],{"class":71},[53,66552,108],{"class":67},[53,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66556,115],{"class":114},[53,66558,102],{"class":67},[53,66560,66452],{"class":98},[53,66562,108],{"class":67},[14,66564,328],{},[44,66566,66567],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,66568,66569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66570,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66572,338],{"class":67},[53,66574,72],{"class":71},[53,66576,75],{"class":67},[53,66578,78],{"class":71},[53,66580,75],{"class":67},[53,66582,83],{"class":71},[53,66584,75],{"class":67},[53,66586,759],{"class":71},[53,66588,86],{"class":67},[830,66590,66592],{"id":66591},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66594,66595],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[44,66597,66599],{"className":46,"code":66598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66600,66601,66621,66639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66602,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66604,66431],{"class":59},[53,66606,64],{"class":63},[53,66608,68],{"class":67},[53,66610,72],{"class":71},[53,66612,75],{"class":67},[53,66614,78],{"class":71},[53,66616,75],{"class":67},[53,66618,83],{"class":71},[53,66620,86],{"class":67},[53,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66624,66452],{"class":59},[53,66626,95],{"class":67},[53,66628,1442],{"class":98},[53,66630,102],{"class":67},[53,66632,539],{"class":71},[53,66634,75],{"class":67},[53,66636,759],{"class":71},[53,66638,108],{"class":67},[53,66640,66641,66643,66645,66647],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66642,115],{"class":114},[53,66644,102],{"class":67},[53,66646,66452],{"class":98},[53,66648,108],{"class":67},[14,66650,328],{},[44,66652,66653],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,66654,66655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66656,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66658,338],{"class":67},[53,66660,72],{"class":71},[53,66662,75],{"class":67},[53,66664,78],{"class":71},[53,66666,75],{"class":67},[53,66668,83],{"class":71},[53,66670,75],{"class":67},[53,66672,759],{"class":71},[53,66674,86],{"class":67},[830,66676,66678],{"id":66677},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66680,66681,66682,66684],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66683,1777],{}," places the item before that position.",[44,66686,66688],{"className":46,"code":66687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66689,66690,66722,66746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66693,1411],{"class":59},[53,66695,64],{"class":63},[53,66697,68],{"class":67},[53,66699,253],{"class":252},[53,66701,183],{"class":256},[53,66703,253],{"class":252},[53,66705,75],{"class":67},[53,66707,264],{"class":252},[53,66709,1453],{"class":256},[53,66711,253],{"class":252},[53,66713,75],{"class":67},[53,66715,264],{"class":252},[53,66717,18632],{"class":256},[53,66719,253],{"class":252},[53,66721,86],{"class":67},[53,66723,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66725,1437],{"class":59},[53,66727,95],{"class":67},[53,66729,1442],{"class":98},[53,66731,102],{"class":67},[53,66733,1901],{"class":63},[53,66735,72],{"class":71},[53,66737,75],{"class":67},[53,66739,264],{"class":252},[53,66741,1428],{"class":256},[53,66743,253],{"class":252},[53,66745,108],{"class":67},[53,66747,66748,66750,66752,66754],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66749,115],{"class":114},[53,66751,102],{"class":67},[53,66753,1437],{"class":98},[53,66755,108],{"class":67},[14,66757,328],{},[44,66759,66761],{"className":46,"code":66760,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,66762,66763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66764,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66766,338],{"class":67},[53,66768,341],{"class":252},[53,66770,183],{"class":256},[53,66772,341],{"class":252},[53,66774,75],{"class":67},[53,66776,350],{"class":252},[53,66778,1453],{"class":256},[53,66780,341],{"class":252},[53,66782,75],{"class":67},[53,66784,350],{"class":252},[53,66786,1428],{"class":256},[53,66788,341],{"class":252},[53,66790,75],{"class":67},[53,66792,350],{"class":252},[53,66794,18632],{"class":256},[53,66796,341],{"class":252},[53,66798,86],{"class":67},[14,66800,66801,66802,2183],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[183,66803,66804],{"href":185},"Python lists beginner guide",[39,66806,66808,10452,66810],{"id":66807},"insert-vs-append",[18,66809,1777],{},[18,66811,20],{},[14,66813,66814],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[830,66816,131,66818,10468],{"id":66817},"use-insert-when",[18,66819,1777],{},[140,66821,66822,66825],{},[143,66823,66824],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[143,66826,66827],{},"The order of the list matters",[830,66829,131,66831,10468],{"id":66830},"use-append-when",[18,66832,20],{},[140,66834,66835,66838],{},[143,66836,66837],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[143,66839,66840],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66842,235],{},[44,66844,66846],{"className":46,"code":66845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,66847,66848,66872,66876,66898,66908,66912,66930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66849,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66851,516],{"class":59},[53,66853,64],{"class":63},[53,66855,68],{"class":67},[53,66857,253],{"class":252},[53,66859,257],{"class":256},[53,66861,253],{"class":252},[53,66863,75],{"class":67},[53,66865,264],{"class":252},[53,66867,292],{"class":256},[53,66869,253],{"class":252},[53,66871,86],{"class":67},[53,66873,66874],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66875,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,66877,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,66879,530],{"class":59},[53,66881,95],{"class":67},[53,66883,1442],{"class":98},[53,66885,102],{"class":67},[53,66887,72],{"class":71},[53,66889,75],{"class":67},[53,66891,264],{"class":252},[53,66893,267],{"class":256},[53,66895,253],{"class":252},[53,66897,108],{"class":67},[53,66899,66900,66902,66904,66906],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,66901,115],{"class":114},[53,66903,102],{"class":67},[53,66905,530],{"class":98},[53,66907,108],{"class":67},[53,66909,66910],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,66911,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,66913,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,66915,530],{"class":59},[53,66917,95],{"class":67},[53,66919,99],{"class":98},[53,66921,102],{"class":67},[53,66923,253],{"class":252},[53,66925,22398],{"class":256},[53,66927,253],{"class":252},[53,66929,108],{"class":67},[53,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,66933,115],{"class":114},[53,66935,102],{"class":67},[53,66937,530],{"class":98},[53,66939,108],{"class":67},[14,66941,328],{},[44,66943,66945],{"className":46,"code":66944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,66946,66947,66975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66948,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66950,338],{"class":67},[53,66952,341],{"class":252},[53,66954,257],{"class":256},[53,66956,341],{"class":252},[53,66958,75],{"class":67},[53,66960,350],{"class":252},[53,66962,267],{"class":256},[53,66964,341],{"class":252},[53,66966,75],{"class":67},[53,66968,350],{"class":252},[53,66970,292],{"class":256},[53,66972,341],{"class":252},[53,66974,86],{"class":67},[53,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,66978,338],{"class":67},[53,66980,341],{"class":252},[53,66982,257],{"class":256},[53,66984,341],{"class":252},[53,66986,75],{"class":67},[53,66988,350],{"class":252},[53,66990,267],{"class":256},[53,66992,341],{"class":252},[53,66994,75],{"class":67},[53,66996,350],{"class":252},[53,66998,292],{"class":256},[53,67000,341],{"class":252},[53,67002,75],{"class":67},[53,67004,350],{"class":252},[53,67006,22398],{"class":256},[53,67008,341],{"class":252},[53,67010,86],{"class":67},[14,67012,67013,67014,95],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[183,67015,55244,67016,10608],{"href":56493},[18,67017,20],{},[14,67019,67020,67021,95],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[183,67022,499],{"href":498},[39,67024,1039],{"id":1038},[14,67026,14596,67027,95],{},[18,67028,1777],{},[830,67030,12460,67032],{"id":67031},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67033,1777],{},[14,67035,1046],{},[44,67037,67039],{"className":46,"code":67038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67040,67041,67061,67083,67087,67097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67042,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67044,60],{"class":59},[53,67046,64],{"class":63},[53,67048,68],{"class":67},[53,67050,72],{"class":71},[53,67052,75],{"class":67},[53,67054,78],{"class":71},[53,67056,75],{"class":67},[53,67058,83],{"class":71},[53,67060,86],{"class":67},[53,67062,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67064,276],{"class":59},[53,67066,64],{"class":63},[53,67068,4138],{"class":59},[53,67070,95],{"class":67},[53,67072,1442],{"class":98},[53,67074,102],{"class":67},[53,67076,72],{"class":71},[53,67078,75],{"class":67},[53,67080,10064],{"class":71},[53,67082,108],{"class":67},[53,67084,67085],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67086,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,67088,67089,67091,67093,67095],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,67090,115],{"class":114},[53,67092,102],{"class":67},[53,67094,323],{"class":98},[53,67096,108],{"class":67},[53,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,67100,115],{"class":114},[53,67102,102],{"class":67},[53,67104,92],{"class":98},[53,67106,108],{"class":67},[14,67108,328],{},[44,67110,67112],{"className":46,"code":67111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67113,67114,67118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67115,67116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67117,370],{"class":369},[53,67119,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67121,338],{"class":67},[53,67123,72],{"class":71},[53,67125,75],{"class":67},[53,67127,10064],{"class":71},[53,67129,75],{"class":67},[53,67131,78],{"class":71},[53,67133,75],{"class":67},[53,67135,83],{"class":71},[53,67137,86],{"class":67},[14,67139,67140,1660,67142,95],{},[18,67141,1777],{},[18,67143,232],{},[14,67145,16508],{},[44,67147,67149],{"className":46,"code":67148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67150,67151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67152,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67154,55614],{"class":59},[53,67156,64],{"class":63},[53,67158,4138],{"class":59},[53,67160,95],{"class":67},[53,67162,1442],{"class":98},[53,67164,102],{"class":67},[53,67166,72],{"class":71},[53,67168,75],{"class":67},[53,67170,10064],{"class":71},[53,67172,108],{"class":67},[14,67174,67175],{},"Right:",[44,67177,67179],{"className":46,"code":67178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67180,67181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67182,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67184,92],{"class":59},[53,67186,95],{"class":67},[53,67188,1442],{"class":98},[53,67190,102],{"class":67},[53,67192,72],{"class":71},[53,67194,75],{"class":67},[53,67196,10064],{"class":71},[53,67198,108],{"class":67},[830,67200,67202],{"id":67201},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67204,67205],{},"The correct order is:",[44,67207,67208],{"className":46,"code":66061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,67209,67210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67211,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67213,203],{"class":59},[53,67215,95],{"class":67},[53,67217,1442],{"class":98},[53,67219,102],{"class":67},[53,67221,35711],{"class":98},[53,67223,75],{"class":67},[53,67225,29373],{"class":98},[53,67227,108],{"class":67},[14,67229,67230],{},"Not:",[44,67232,67234],{"className":46,"code":67233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67235,67236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67237,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67239,203],{"class":59},[53,67241,95],{"class":67},[53,67243,1442],{"class":98},[53,67245,102],{"class":67},[53,67247,212],{"class":98},[53,67249,75],{"class":67},[53,67251,35686],{"class":98},[53,67253,108],{"class":67},[14,67255,235],{},[44,67257,67258],{"className":46,"code":66103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,67259,67260,67284,67306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67261,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67263,1411],{"class":59},[53,67265,64],{"class":63},[53,67267,68],{"class":67},[53,67269,253],{"class":252},[53,67271,183],{"class":256},[53,67273,253],{"class":252},[53,67275,75],{"class":67},[53,67277,264],{"class":252},[53,67279,1428],{"class":256},[53,67281,253],{"class":252},[53,67283,86],{"class":67},[53,67285,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67287,1437],{"class":59},[53,67289,95],{"class":67},[53,67291,1442],{"class":98},[53,67293,102],{"class":67},[53,67295,72],{"class":71},[53,67297,75],{"class":67},[53,67299,264],{"class":252},[53,67301,1453],{"class":256},[53,67303,253],{"class":252},[53,67305,108],{"class":67},[53,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67309,115],{"class":114},[53,67311,102],{"class":67},[53,67313,1437],{"class":98},[53,67315,108],{"class":67},[14,67317,328],{},[44,67319,67320],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,67321,67322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67323,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67325,338],{"class":67},[53,67327,341],{"class":252},[53,67329,183],{"class":256},[53,67331,341],{"class":252},[53,67333,75],{"class":67},[53,67335,350],{"class":252},[53,67337,1453],{"class":256},[53,67339,341],{"class":252},[53,67341,75],{"class":67},[53,67343,350],{"class":252},[53,67345,1428],{"class":256},[53,67347,341],{"class":252},[53,67349,86],{"class":67},[830,67351,8319,67353,67355],{"id":67352},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67354,1777],{}," to replace an item",[14,67357,67358,67360],{},[18,67359,1777],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[44,67362,67364],{"className":46,"code":67363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67365,67366,67386,67404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67367,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67369,60],{"class":59},[53,67371,64],{"class":63},[53,67373,68],{"class":67},[53,67375,72],{"class":71},[53,67377,75],{"class":67},[53,67379,78],{"class":71},[53,67381,75],{"class":67},[53,67383,83],{"class":71},[53,67385,86],{"class":67},[53,67387,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67389,92],{"class":59},[53,67391,95],{"class":67},[53,67393,1442],{"class":98},[53,67395,102],{"class":67},[53,67397,72],{"class":71},[53,67399,75],{"class":67},[53,67401,10064],{"class":71},[53,67403,108],{"class":67},[53,67405,67406,67408,67410,67412],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67407,115],{"class":114},[53,67409,102],{"class":67},[53,67411,92],{"class":98},[53,67413,108],{"class":67},[14,67415,328],{},[44,67417,67419],{"className":46,"code":67418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67420,67421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67424,338],{"class":67},[53,67426,72],{"class":71},[53,67428,75],{"class":67},[53,67430,10064],{"class":71},[53,67432,75],{"class":67},[53,67434,78],{"class":71},[53,67436,75],{"class":67},[53,67438,83],{"class":71},[53,67440,86],{"class":67},[14,67442,67443],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[44,67445,67447],{"className":46,"code":67446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67448,67449,67469,67483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67450,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67452,60],{"class":59},[53,67454,64],{"class":63},[53,67456,68],{"class":67},[53,67458,72],{"class":71},[53,67460,75],{"class":67},[53,67462,78],{"class":71},[53,67464,75],{"class":67},[53,67466,83],{"class":71},[53,67468,86],{"class":67},[53,67470,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67472,92],{"class":59},[53,67474,338],{"class":67},[53,67476,72],{"class":71},[53,67478,13138],{"class":67},[53,67480,13141],{"class":63},[53,67482,13993],{"class":71},[53,67484,67485,67487,67489,67491],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67486,115],{"class":114},[53,67488,102],{"class":67},[53,67490,92],{"class":98},[53,67492,108],{"class":67},[14,67494,328],{},[44,67496,67498],{"className":46,"code":67497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67499,67500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67501,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67503,338],{"class":67},[53,67505,72],{"class":71},[53,67507,75],{"class":67},[53,67509,10064],{"class":71},[53,67511,75],{"class":67},[53,67513,83],{"class":71},[53,67515,86],{"class":67},[830,67517,67519],{"id":67518},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67521,67522,67524],{},[18,67523,1777],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67526,67527],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[44,67529,67531],{"className":46,"code":67530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67532,67533,67549,67573],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67534,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67536,60],{"class":59},[53,67538,64],{"class":63},[53,67540,68],{"class":67},[53,67542,72],{"class":71},[53,67544,75],{"class":67},[53,67546,759],{"class":71},[53,67548,86],{"class":67},[53,67550,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67552,92],{"class":59},[53,67554,95],{"class":67},[53,67556,1442],{"class":98},[53,67558,102],{"class":67},[53,67560,72],{"class":71},[53,67562,75],{"class":67},[53,67564,68],{"class":67},[53,67566,1937],{"class":71},[53,67568,75],{"class":67},[53,67570,83],{"class":71},[53,67572,632],{"class":67},[53,67574,67575,67577,67579,67581],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67576,115],{"class":114},[53,67578,102],{"class":67},[53,67580,92],{"class":98},[53,67582,108],{"class":67},[14,67584,328],{},[44,67586,67588],{"className":46,"code":67587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67589,67590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67593,338],{"class":67},[53,67595,72],{"class":71},[53,67597,75],{"class":67},[53,67599,68],{"class":67},[53,67601,1937],{"class":71},[53,67603,75],{"class":67},[53,67605,83],{"class":71},[53,67607,17926],{"class":67},[53,67609,759],{"class":71},[53,67611,86],{"class":67},[14,67613,67614,67615,95],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[183,67616,55244,67617,10608],{"href":817},[18,67618,921],{},[830,67620,67622],{"id":67621},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67624,8743,67625,67627],{},[18,67626,1777],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[44,67629,67631],{"className":46,"code":67630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67632,67633,67643,67657,67675,67689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67634,67635,67637,67639,67641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67636,115],{"class":114},[53,67638,102],{"class":67},[53,67640,203],{"class":98},[53,67642,108],{"class":67},[53,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67646,115],{"class":114},[53,67648,102],{"class":67},[53,67650,11029],{"class":114},[53,67652,102],{"class":67},[53,67654,203],{"class":98},[53,67656,1907],{"class":67},[53,67658,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67660,115],{"class":114},[53,67662,102],{"class":67},[53,67664,203],{"class":98},[53,67666,95],{"class":67},[53,67668,1442],{"class":24615},[53,67670,95],{"class":67},[53,67672,34310],{"class":34317},[53,67674,108],{"class":67},[53,67676,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,67678,32016],{"class":114},[53,67680,102],{"class":67},[53,67682,7961],{"class":2782},[53,67684,95],{"class":67},[53,67686,1442],{"class":24615},[53,67688,108],{"class":67},[53,67690,67691,67693,67695,67697],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,67692,3102],{"class":2782},[53,67694,102],{"class":67},[53,67696,203],{"class":98},[53,67698,108],{"class":67},[14,67700,67701],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[140,67703,67704,67707,67710,67713],{},[143,67705,67706],{},"What is currently in the list",[143,67708,67709],{},"How long the list is",[143,67711,67712],{},"That you are working with a real list",[143,67714,67715],{},"How Python describes the method",[39,67717,4835,67719],{"id":67718},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67720,1777],{},[14,67722,131,67723,67725],{},[18,67724,1777],{}," when position matters.",[14,67727,1518],{},[140,67729,67730,67733,67736,67739],{},[143,67731,67732],{},"Ordered menus",[143,67734,67735],{},"Rankings or score lists",[143,67737,67738],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[143,67740,67741],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67743,67744,67745,67747,67748,67750,67751,67753],{},"You usually do ",[23,67746,36],{}," need ",[18,67749,1777],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67752,20],{}," is simpler.",[14,67755,67756,67757,95],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[183,67758,56879],{"href":56878},[39,67760,1650],{"id":1649},[830,67762,12570,67764,55193],{"id":67763},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,67765,1399],{},[14,67767,67768,67769,95],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,67770,232],{},[830,67772,67774],{"id":67773},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67776,67777],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[830,67779,5045,67781,67783],{"id":67780},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,67782,1399],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67785,67786,67787,67789],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,67788,921],{}," or slicing.",[830,67791,5055,67793,4269,67795,2370],{"id":67792},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,67794,1777],{},[18,67796,20],{},[14,67798,67799,67801,67802,67804],{},[18,67800,1777],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,67803,20],{}," adds only at the end.",[39,67806,1782],{"id":1781},[140,67808,67809,67815,67821,67825,67829,67833],{},[143,67810,67811],{},[183,67812,55244,67813,10608],{"href":56493},[18,67814,20],{},[143,67816,67817],{},[183,67818,55244,67819,10608],{"href":817},[18,67820,921],{},[143,67822,67823],{},[183,67824,1789],{"href":498},[143,67826,67827],{},[183,67828,186],{"href":185},[143,67830,67831],{},[183,67832,56953],{"href":56878},[143,67834,67835],{},[183,67836,30214,67837,33497],{"href":1807},[18,67838,67839],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1810,67841,67842],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":67844},[67845,67847,67848,67849,67855,67862,67871,67873,67882],{"id":66030,"depth":89,"text":67846},"What list.insert() does",{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190},{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":66402,"depth":89,"text":66403,"children":67850},[67851,67852,67853,67854],{"id":66414,"depth":111,"text":66415},{"id":66505,"depth":111,"text":66506},{"id":66591,"depth":111,"text":66592},{"id":66677,"depth":111,"text":66678},{"id":66807,"depth":89,"text":67856,"children":67857},"insert() vs append()",[67858,67860],{"id":66817,"depth":111,"text":67859},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66830,"depth":111,"text":67861},"Use append() when:",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":67863},[67864,67866,67867,67869,67870],{"id":67031,"depth":111,"text":67865},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67201,"depth":111,"text":67202},{"id":67352,"depth":111,"text":67868},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67518,"depth":111,"text":67519},{"id":67621,"depth":111,"text":67622},{"id":67718,"depth":89,"text":67872},"When to use insert()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":67874},[67875,67877,67878,67880],{"id":67763,"depth":111,"text":67876},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67773,"depth":111,"text":67774},{"id":67780,"depth":111,"text":67879},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67792,"depth":111,"text":67881},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65940,"description":67883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67890,"title":67891,"body":67892,"description":69447,"extension":1841,"meta":69448,"navigation":301,"path":58698,"seo":69449,"stem":69450,"__hash__":69451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67893,"toc":69420},[67894,67900,67909,67958,67960,67968,67974,67976,67994,68000,68005,68008,68011,68026,68028,68080,68082,68090,68098,68105,68107,68113,68178,68180,68188,68190,68209,68212,68263,68267,68272,68299,68301,68309,68312,68381,68383,68398,68404,68408,68417,68420,68475,68477,68485,68488,68490,68535,68537,68545,68551,68553,68561,68564,68566,68605,68607,68646,68651,68653,68655,68690,68693,68695,68733,68737,68743,68745,68796,68798,68806,68813,68816,68837,68840,68895,68906,68908,68969,68971,68980,68987,68993,68996,68999,69056,69059,69072,69079,69085,69091,69093,69106,69109,69206,69208,69225,69228,69310,69312,69334,69341,69347,69349,69353,69359,69365,69370,69374,69377,69383,69390,69392,69417],[10,67895,67897,67898,3539],{"id":67896},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,67899,11029],{},[14,67901,67902,67903,67905,67906,67908],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,67904,42223],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,67907,42223],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[44,67910,67912],{"className":46,"code":67911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,67913,67914,67934,67948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67915,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67917,60],{"class":59},[53,67919,64],{"class":63},[53,67921,68],{"class":67},[53,67923,539],{"class":71},[53,67925,75],{"class":67},[53,67927,7658],{"class":71},[53,67929,75],{"class":67},[53,67931,7663],{"class":71},[53,67933,86],{"class":67},[53,67935,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,67937,41104],{"class":59},[53,67939,64],{"class":63},[53,67941,38249],{"class":114},[53,67943,102],{"class":67},[53,67945,92],{"class":98},[53,67947,108],{"class":67},[53,67949,67950,67952,67954,67956],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,67951,115],{"class":114},[53,67953,102],{"class":67},[53,67955,41122],{"class":98},[53,67957,108],{"class":67},[14,67959,328],{},[44,67961,67962],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,67963,67964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67965,67966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67967,46479],{"class":71},[14,67969,131,67970,67973],{},[18,67971,67972],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[39,67975,15026],{"id":15025},[140,67977,67978,67983,67988,67991],{},[143,67979,4073,67980,67982],{},[18,67981,42223],{}," works with Python lists",[143,67984,67985,67986,11573],{},"What value ",[18,67987,42223],{},[143,67989,67990],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[143,67992,67993],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[39,67995,3556,67997,67999],{"id":67996},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,67998,42223],{}," returns for a list",[14,68001,68002,64812],{},[18,68003,68004],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68006,68007],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68009,68010],{},"A few important points:",[140,68012,68013,68016,68021],{},[143,68014,68015],{},"It counts list items",[143,68017,40768,68018,68020],{},[23,68019,36],{}," count characters inside a string item",[143,68022,68023,68024],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68025,2000],{},[14,68027,235],{},[44,68029,68031],{"className":46,"code":68030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68032,68033,68066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68034,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68036,3946],{"class":59},[53,68038,64],{"class":63},[53,68040,68],{"class":67},[53,68042,253],{"class":252},[53,68044,36909],{"class":256},[53,68046,253],{"class":252},[53,68048,75],{"class":67},[53,68050,264],{"class":252},[53,68052,68053],{"class":256},"elephant",[53,68055,253],{"class":252},[53,68057,75],{"class":67},[53,68059,264],{"class":252},[53,68061,57852],{"class":256},[53,68063,253],{"class":252},[53,68065,86],{"class":67},[53,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68069,115],{"class":114},[53,68071,102],{"class":67},[53,68073,11029],{"class":114},[53,68075,102],{"class":67},[53,68077,3988],{"class":98},[53,68079,1907],{"class":67},[14,68081,328],{},[44,68083,68084],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68085,68086],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68087,68088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68089,46479],{"class":71},[14,68091,20842,68092,68095,68096,64819],{},[18,68093,68094],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[23,68097,25],{},[14,68099,68100,68101,95],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[183,68102,3457,68103,3390],{"href":42220},[18,68104,42223],{},[39,68106,5660],{"id":5659},[14,68108,68109,68110,68112],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68111,42223],{},", and print the result.",[44,68114,68116],{"className":46,"code":68115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68117,68118,68150,68164,68168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68119,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68121,398],{"class":59},[53,68123,64],{"class":63},[53,68125,68],{"class":67},[53,68127,253],{"class":252},[53,68129,407],{"class":256},[53,68131,253],{"class":252},[53,68133,75],{"class":67},[53,68135,264],{"class":252},[53,68137,436],{"class":256},[53,68139,253],{"class":252},[53,68141,75],{"class":67},[53,68143,264],{"class":252},[53,68145,416],{"class":256},[53,68147,253],{"class":252},[53,68149,86],{"class":67},[53,68151,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68153,41104],{"class":59},[53,68155,64],{"class":63},[53,68157,38249],{"class":114},[53,68159,102],{"class":67},[53,68161,425],{"class":98},[53,68163,108],{"class":67},[53,68165,68166],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,68167,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,68169,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,68171,115],{"class":114},[53,68173,102],{"class":67},[53,68175,41122],{"class":98},[53,68177,108],{"class":67},[14,68179,328],{},[44,68181,68182],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68183,68184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68185,68186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68187,46479],{"class":71},[14,68189,11551],{},[140,68191,68192,68197,68204],{},[143,68193,68194,68196],{},[18,68195,425],{}," is a list with 3 items",[143,68198,68199,1129,68202],{},[18,68200,68201],{},"len(colors)",[18,68203,754],{},[143,68205,68206,68207],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68208,41122],{},[14,68210,68211],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[44,68213,68215],{"className":46,"code":68214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68216,68217,68249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68218,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68220,398],{"class":59},[53,68222,64],{"class":63},[53,68224,68],{"class":67},[53,68226,253],{"class":252},[53,68228,407],{"class":256},[53,68230,253],{"class":252},[53,68232,75],{"class":67},[53,68234,264],{"class":252},[53,68236,436],{"class":256},[53,68238,253],{"class":252},[53,68240,75],{"class":67},[53,68242,264],{"class":252},[53,68244,416],{"class":256},[53,68246,253],{"class":252},[53,68248,86],{"class":67},[53,68250,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68252,115],{"class":114},[53,68254,102],{"class":67},[53,68256,11029],{"class":114},[53,68258,102],{"class":67},[53,68260,425],{"class":98},[53,68262,1907],{"class":67},[39,68264,68266],{"id":68265},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68268,68269,68270,95],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68271,2000],{},[44,68273,68275],{"className":46,"code":68274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68276,68277,68285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68278,68279,68281,68283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68280,516],{"class":59},[53,68282,64],{"class":63},[53,68284,521],{"class":67},[53,68286,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68288,115],{"class":114},[53,68290,102],{"class":67},[53,68292,11029],{"class":114},[53,68294,102],{"class":67},[53,68296,530],{"class":98},[53,68298,1907],{"class":67},[14,68300,328],{},[44,68302,68303],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68304,68305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68306,68307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68308,47114],{"class":71},[14,68310,68311],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[44,68313,68315],{"className":46,"code":68314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68316,68317,68325,68329,68347,68361,68367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68318,68319,68321,68323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68320,516],{"class":59},[53,68322,64],{"class":63},[53,68324,521],{"class":67},[53,68326,68327],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68328,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,68330,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341,68343,68345],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,68332,6867],{"class":1558},[53,68334,38249],{"class":114},[53,68336,102],{"class":67},[53,68338,530],{"class":98},[53,68340,3539],{"class":67},[53,68342,38259],{"class":63},[53,68344,3713],{"class":71},[53,68346,6265],{"class":67},[53,68348,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,68350,7936],{"class":114},[53,68352,102],{"class":67},[53,68354,530],{"class":98},[53,68356,338],{"class":67},[53,68358,2000],{"class":71},[53,68360,632],{"class":67},[53,68362,68363,68365],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,68364,27299],{"class":1558},[53,68366,6265],{"class":67},[53,68368,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,68370,7936],{"class":114},[53,68372,102],{"class":67},[53,68374,253],{"class":252},[53,68376,51679],{"class":256},[53,68378,253],{"class":252},[53,68380,108],{"class":67},[14,68382,328],{},[44,68384,68386],{"className":46,"code":68385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is empty\n",[18,68387,68388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68389,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68391,16],{"class":59},[53,68393,7961],{"class":2782},[53,68395,7964],{"class":63},[53,68397,7970],{"class":59},[14,68399,68400,68401,68403],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[183,68402,186],{"href":185}," is a good next step.",[39,68405,68407],{"id":68406},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68409,68410,68412,68413,68416],{},[18,68411,42223],{}," counts only the ",[23,68414,68415],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68418,68419],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[44,68421,68423],{"className":46,"code":68422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68424,68425,68461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68426,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68428,1692],{"class":59},[53,68430,64],{"class":63},[53,68432,56018],{"class":67},[53,68434,72],{"class":71},[53,68436,75],{"class":67},[53,68438,78],{"class":71},[53,68440,17926],{"class":67},[53,68442,68],{"class":67},[53,68444,754],{"class":71},[53,68446,75],{"class":67},[53,68448,759],{"class":71},[53,68450,17926],{"class":67},[53,68452,68],{"class":67},[53,68454,2017],{"class":71},[53,68456,75],{"class":67},[53,68458,37506],{"class":71},[53,68460,711],{"class":67},[53,68462,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68464,115],{"class":114},[53,68466,102],{"class":67},[53,68468,11029],{"class":114},[53,68470,102],{"class":67},[53,68472,1709],{"class":98},[53,68474,1907],{"class":67},[14,68476,328],{},[44,68478,68479],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68480,68481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68482,68483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68484,46479],{"class":71},[14,68486,68487],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68489,51943],{},[44,68491,68493],{"className":46,"code":68492,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68494,68495,68521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68496,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68498,59198],{"class":59},[53,68500,64],{"class":63},[53,68502,68],{"class":67},[53,68504,72],{"class":71},[53,68506,75],{"class":67},[53,68508,68],{"class":67},[53,68510,1937],{"class":71},[53,68512,75],{"class":67},[53,68514,83],{"class":71},[53,68516,17926],{"class":67},[53,68518,759],{"class":71},[53,68520,86],{"class":67},[53,68522,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68524,115],{"class":114},[53,68526,102],{"class":67},[53,68528,11029],{"class":114},[53,68530,102],{"class":67},[53,68532,59251],{"class":98},[53,68534,1907],{"class":67},[14,68536,328],{},[44,68538,68539],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68540,68541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68542,68543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68544,46479],{"class":71},[14,68546,20842,68547,68550],{},[18,68548,68549],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[39,68552,1039],{"id":1038},[830,68554,833,68556,10959,68559],{"id":68555},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68557,68558],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68560,68004],{},[14,68562,68563],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68565,16508],{},[44,68567,68569],{"className":46,"code":68568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68570,68571,68591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68572,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68574,60],{"class":59},[53,68576,64],{"class":63},[53,68578,68],{"class":67},[53,68580,539],{"class":71},[53,68582,75],{"class":67},[53,68584,7658],{"class":71},[53,68586,75],{"class":67},[53,68588,7663],{"class":71},[53,68590,86],{"class":67},[53,68592,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68594,115],{"class":114},[53,68596,102],{"class":67},[53,68598,92],{"class":98},[53,68600,95],{"class":67},[53,68602,11029],{"class":98},[53,68604,7064],{"class":67},[14,68606,16520],{},[44,68608,68610],{"className":46,"code":68609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68611,68612,68632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68613,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68615,60],{"class":59},[53,68617,64],{"class":63},[53,68619,68],{"class":67},[53,68621,539],{"class":71},[53,68623,75],{"class":67},[53,68625,7658],{"class":71},[53,68627,75],{"class":67},[53,68629,7663],{"class":71},[53,68631,86],{"class":67},[53,68633,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68635,115],{"class":114},[53,68637,102],{"class":67},[53,68639,11029],{"class":114},[53,68641,102],{"class":67},[53,68643,92],{"class":98},[53,68645,1907],{"class":67},[14,68647,68648,68650],{},[18,68649,42223],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[830,68652,25553],{"id":25552},[14,68654,16508],{},[44,68656,68658],{"className":46,"code":68657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68659,68660,68680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68661,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68663,60],{"class":59},[53,68665,64],{"class":63},[53,68667,68],{"class":67},[53,68669,539],{"class":71},[53,68671,75],{"class":67},[53,68673,7658],{"class":71},[53,68675,75],{"class":67},[53,68677,7663],{"class":71},[53,68679,86],{"class":67},[53,68681,68682,68684,68686,68688],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68683,115],{"class":114},[53,68685,102],{"class":67},[53,68687,11029],{"class":114},[53,68689,108],{"class":67},[14,68691,68692],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68694,16520],{},[44,68696,68697],{"className":46,"code":68609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68698,68699,68719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68702,60],{"class":59},[53,68704,64],{"class":63},[53,68706,68],{"class":67},[53,68708,539],{"class":71},[53,68710,75],{"class":67},[53,68712,7658],{"class":71},[53,68714,75],{"class":67},[53,68716,7663],{"class":71},[53,68718,86],{"class":67},[53,68720,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68722,115],{"class":114},[53,68724,102],{"class":67},[53,68726,11029],{"class":114},[53,68728,102],{"class":67},[53,68730,92],{"class":98},[53,68732,1907],{"class":67},[830,68734,68736],{"id":68735},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68738,68739,68740,68742],{},"The length of a list is ",[23,68741,36],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68744,235],{},[44,68746,68748],{"className":46,"code":68747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68749,68750,68782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68751,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68753,1411],{"class":59},[53,68755,64],{"class":63},[53,68757,68],{"class":67},[53,68759,253],{"class":252},[53,68761,183],{"class":256},[53,68763,253],{"class":252},[53,68765,75],{"class":67},[53,68767,264],{"class":252},[53,68769,1453],{"class":256},[53,68771,253],{"class":252},[53,68773,75],{"class":67},[53,68775,264],{"class":252},[53,68777,1428],{"class":256},[53,68779,253],{"class":252},[53,68781,86],{"class":67},[53,68783,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68785,115],{"class":114},[53,68787,102],{"class":67},[53,68789,11029],{"class":114},[53,68791,102],{"class":67},[53,68793,1437],{"class":98},[53,68795,1907],{"class":67},[14,68797,328],{},[44,68799,68800],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,68801,68802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68803,68804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68805,46479],{"class":71},[14,68807,68808,68809,18827,68811,95],{},"But the last index is ",[18,68810,1937],{},[18,68812,754],{},[14,68814,68815],{},"Indexes are:",[140,68817,68818,68825,68831],{},[143,68819,68820,68822,68823],{},[18,68821,2000],{}," for ",[18,68824,17960],{},[143,68826,68827,68822,68829],{},[18,68828,72],{},[18,68830,65322],{},[143,68832,68833,68822,68835],{},[18,68834,1937],{},[18,68836,66208],{},[14,68838,68839],{},"So this causes an error:",[44,68841,68843],{"className":46,"code":68842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,68844,68845,68877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68846,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68848,1411],{"class":59},[53,68850,64],{"class":63},[53,68852,68],{"class":67},[53,68854,253],{"class":252},[53,68856,183],{"class":256},[53,68858,253],{"class":252},[53,68860,75],{"class":67},[53,68862,264],{"class":252},[53,68864,1453],{"class":256},[53,68866,253],{"class":252},[53,68868,75],{"class":67},[53,68870,264],{"class":252},[53,68872,1428],{"class":256},[53,68874,253],{"class":252},[53,68876,86],{"class":67},[53,68878,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68880,115],{"class":114},[53,68882,102],{"class":67},[53,68884,1437],{"class":98},[53,68886,338],{"class":67},[53,68888,11029],{"class":114},[53,68890,102],{"class":67},[53,68892,1437],{"class":98},[53,68894,10546],{"class":67},[14,68896,8362,68897,4657,68900,68902,68903,68905],{},[18,68898,68899],{},"len(letters)",[18,68901,754],{},", and index ",[18,68904,754],{}," does not exist.",[14,68907,18705],{},[44,68909,68911],{"className":46,"code":68910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,68912,68913,68945],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68914,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68916,1411],{"class":59},[53,68918,64],{"class":63},[53,68920,68],{"class":67},[53,68922,253],{"class":252},[53,68924,183],{"class":256},[53,68926,253],{"class":252},[53,68928,75],{"class":67},[53,68930,264],{"class":252},[53,68932,1453],{"class":256},[53,68934,253],{"class":252},[53,68936,75],{"class":67},[53,68938,264],{"class":252},[53,68940,1428],{"class":256},[53,68942,253],{"class":252},[53,68944,86],{"class":67},[53,68946,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,68948,115],{"class":114},[53,68950,102],{"class":67},[53,68952,1437],{"class":98},[53,68954,338],{"class":67},[53,68956,11029],{"class":114},[53,68958,102],{"class":67},[53,68960,1437],{"class":98},[53,68962,3539],{"class":67},[53,68964,2103],{"class":63},[53,68966,5371],{"class":71},[53,68968,632],{"class":67},[14,68970,328],{},[44,68972,68974],{"className":46,"code":68973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"c\n",[18,68975,68976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68977,68978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68979,68973],{"class":59},[14,68981,68982,68983,95],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[183,68984,68986],{"href":68985},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[830,68988,833,68990,68992],{"id":68989},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,68991,42223],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,68994,68995],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,68997,68998],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[44,69000,69002],{"className":46,"code":69001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69003,69004,69014,69028,69042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69005,69006,69008,69010,69012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69007,115],{"class":114},[53,69009,102],{"class":67},[53,69011,203],{"class":98},[53,69013,108],{"class":67},[53,69015,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69017,115],{"class":114},[53,69019,102],{"class":67},[53,69021,11029],{"class":114},[53,69023,102],{"class":67},[53,69025,203],{"class":98},[53,69027,1907],{"class":67},[53,69029,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69031,115],{"class":114},[53,69033,102],{"class":67},[53,69035,3102],{"class":2782},[53,69037,102],{"class":67},[53,69039,203],{"class":98},[53,69041,1907],{"class":67},[53,69043,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69045,115],{"class":114},[53,69047,102],{"class":67},[53,69049,203],{"class":98},[53,69051,338],{"class":67},[53,69053,2000],{"class":71},[53,69055,632],{"class":67},[14,69057,69058],{},"These help you verify:",[140,69060,69061,69064,69066,69069],{},[143,69062,69063],{},"what the variable contains",[143,69065,60510],{},[143,69067,69068],{},"whether it is really a list",[143,69070,69071],{},"what the first item is",[14,69073,69074,69075,69078],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69076,69077],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[39,69080,4835,69082,69084],{"id":69081},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69083,42223],{}," with lists",[14,69086,69087,69088,69090],{},"You will often use ",[18,69089,42223],{}," in real programs.",[14,69092,9241],{},[140,69094,69095,69097,69100,69103],{},[143,69096,51633],{},[143,69098,69099],{},"Control loops",[143,69101,69102],{},"Validate input or results",[143,69104,69105],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69107,69108],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[44,69110,69112],{"className":46,"code":69111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69113,69114,69134,69150,69154,69168,69182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69115,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69117,2432],{"class":59},[53,69119,64],{"class":63},[53,69121,68],{"class":67},[53,69123,72],{"class":71},[53,69125,75],{"class":67},[53,69127,78],{"class":71},[53,69129,75],{"class":67},[53,69131,83],{"class":71},[53,69133,86],{"class":67},[53,69135,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69137,2460],{"class":59},[53,69139,64],{"class":63},[53,69141,68],{"class":67},[53,69143,539],{"class":71},[53,69145,75],{"class":67},[53,69147,7658],{"class":71},[53,69149,86],{"class":67},[53,69151,69152],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69153,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69155,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69157,115],{"class":114},[53,69159,102],{"class":67},[53,69161,11029],{"class":114},[53,69163,102],{"class":67},[53,69165,183],{"class":98},[53,69167,1907],{"class":67},[53,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,69171,115],{"class":114},[53,69173,102],{"class":67},[53,69175,11029],{"class":114},[53,69177,102],{"class":67},[53,69179,1453],{"class":98},[53,69181,1907],{"class":67},[53,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,69185,115],{"class":114},[53,69187,102],{"class":67},[53,69189,11029],{"class":114},[53,69191,102],{"class":67},[53,69193,183],{"class":98},[53,69195,3539],{"class":67},[53,69197,38259],{"class":63},[53,69199,38249],{"class":114},[53,69201,102],{"class":67},[53,69203,1453],{"class":98},[53,69205,1907],{"class":67},[14,69207,328],{},[44,69209,69211],{"className":46,"code":69210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69212,69213,69217,69221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69214,69215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69216,46479],{"class":71},[53,69218,69219],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69220,16921],{"class":71},[53,69222,69223],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69224,3855],{"class":369},[14,69226,69227],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[44,69229,69231],{"className":46,"code":69230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69232,69233,69265,69269,69291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69234,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69236,4869],{"class":59},[53,69238,64],{"class":63},[53,69240,68],{"class":67},[53,69242,253],{"class":252},[53,69244,12747],{"class":256},[53,69246,253],{"class":252},[53,69248,75],{"class":67},[53,69250,264],{"class":252},[53,69252,35806],{"class":256},[53,69254,253],{"class":252},[53,69256,75],{"class":67},[53,69258,264],{"class":252},[53,69260,35815],{"class":256},[53,69262,253],{"class":252},[53,69264,86],{"class":67},[53,69266,69267],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69268,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69270,69271,69273,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69272,1559],{"class":1558},[53,69274,69275],{"class":59}," i ",[53,69277,1565],{"class":1558},[53,69279,1568],{"class":114},[53,69281,102],{"class":67},[53,69283,11029],{"class":114},[53,69285,102],{"class":67},[53,69287,4913],{"class":98},[53,69289,69290],{"class":67},")):\n",[53,69292,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69304,69306,69308],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69294,7936],{"class":114},[53,69296,102],{"class":67},[53,69298,36018],{"class":98},[53,69300,75],{"class":67},[53,69302,69303],{"class":98}," names",[53,69305,338],{"class":67},[53,69307,36018],{"class":98},[53,69309,632],{"class":67},[14,69311,328],{},[44,69313,69314],{"className":46,"code":35864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,69315,69316,69322,69328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69317,69318,69320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69319,2000],{"class":71},[53,69321,35873],{"class":59},[53,69323,69324,69326],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69325,72],{"class":71},[53,69327,35880],{"class":59},[53,69329,69330,69332],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69331,1937],{"class":71},[53,69333,35887],{"class":59},[14,69335,69336,69337,95],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[183,69338,69340],{"href":69339},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69342,69343,69344,69346],{},"You can also read ",[183,69345,51410],{"href":51409}," for a task-focused guide.",[39,69348,1650],{"id":1649},[830,69350,69352],{"id":69351},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69354,131,69355,69358],{},[18,69356,69357],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[830,69360,5017,69362,12582],{"id":69361},"what-does-len-return",[18,69363,69364],{},"len([])",[14,69366,5023,69367,69369],{},[18,69368,2000],{}," because the list is empty.",[830,69371,69373],{"id":69372},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69375,69376],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[830,69378,28194,69380,69382],{"id":69379},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69381,68558],{}," in Python?",[14,69384,30137,69385,8090,69387,69389],{},[18,69386,68004],{},[18,69388,42223],{}," is a built-in function.",[39,69391,1782],{"id":1781},[140,69393,69394,69400,69404,69408,69412],{},[143,69395,69396],{},[183,69397,3457,69398,3390],{"href":42220},[18,69399,42223],{},[143,69401,69402],{},[183,69403,52454],{"href":51409},[143,69405,69406],{},[183,69407,186],{"href":185},[143,69409,69410],{},[183,69411,68986],{"href":68985},[143,69413,69414],{},[183,69415,69416],{"href":69339},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1810,69418,69419],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":69421},[69422,69423,69425,69426,69427,69428,69436,69438,69446],{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":67996,"depth":89,"text":69424},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":68265,"depth":89,"text":68266},{"id":68406,"depth":89,"text":68407},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":69429},[69430,69432,69433,69434],{"id":68555,"depth":111,"text":69431},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25552,"depth":111,"text":25553},{"id":68735,"depth":111,"text":68736},{"id":68989,"depth":111,"text":69435},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69081,"depth":89,"text":69437},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":69439},[69440,69441,69443,69444],{"id":69351,"depth":111,"text":69352},{"id":69361,"depth":111,"text":69442},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69372,"depth":111,"text":69373},{"id":69379,"depth":111,"text":69445},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67891,"description":69447},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69453,"title":69454,"body":69455,"description":71437,"extension":1841,"meta":71438,"navigation":301,"path":71439,"seo":71440,"stem":71441,"__hash__":71442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69456,"toc":71410},[69457,69460,69465,69468,69476,69489,69491,69556,69558,69580,69585,69589,69594,69602,69604,69614,69616,69697,69699,69729,69731,69750,69755,69772,69774,69858,69860,69890,69895,69899,69905,69989,69991,70021,70024,70028,70031,70122,70124,70162,70165,70250,70252,70282,70288,70295,70299,70304,70313,70315,70400,70402,70431,70434,70442,70446,70450,70459,70482,70484,70506,70508,70522,70524,70584,70588,70593,70632,70634,70651,70653,70663,70762,70767,70771,70776,70819,70821,70849,70851,70865,70940,70942,70964,70968,70971,70976,70987,70992,71000,71003,71074,71076,71101,71158,71160,71181,71190,71198,71203,71205,71210,71231,71234,71309,71312,71326,71333,71335,71339,71345,71349,71359,71363,71370,71374,71380,71382,71407],[10,69458,69454],{"id":69459},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69461,69462,69464],{},[18,69463,54806],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69466,69467],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[140,69469,69470,69473],{},[143,69471,69472],{},"delete an item from a list",[143,69474,69475],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69477,69478,69479,69481,69482,8572,69484,69488],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69480,12629],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69483,12629],{},[183,69485,69486],{"href":54796},[18,69487,55253],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[39,69490,1882],{"id":1881},[44,69492,69494],{"className":46,"code":69493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69495,69496,69516,69531,69535,69546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69497,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69499,60],{"class":59},[53,69501,64],{"class":63},[53,69503,68],{"class":67},[53,69505,539],{"class":71},[53,69507,75],{"class":67},[53,69509,7658],{"class":71},[53,69511,75],{"class":67},[53,69513,7663],{"class":71},[53,69515,86],{"class":67},[53,69517,69518,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69519,69520],{"class":59},"last_item ",[53,69522,64],{"class":63},[53,69524,4138],{"class":59},[53,69526,95],{"class":67},[53,69528,26106],{"class":98},[53,69530,8510],{"class":67},[53,69532,69533],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69534,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69536,69537,69539,69541,69544],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69538,115],{"class":114},[53,69540,102],{"class":67},[53,69542,69543],{"class":98},"last_item",[53,69545,108],{"class":67},[53,69547,69548,69550,69552,69554],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,69549,115],{"class":114},[53,69551,102],{"class":67},[53,69553,92],{"class":98},[53,69555,108],{"class":67},[14,69557,328],{},[44,69559,69561],{"className":46,"code":69560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69562,69563,69568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69564,69565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69566,69567],{"class":71},"30\n",[53,69569,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69571,338],{"class":67},[53,69573,539],{"class":71},[53,69575,75],{"class":67},[53,69577,7658],{"class":71},[53,69579,86],{"class":67},[14,69581,131,69582,69584],{},[18,69583,12629],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[39,69586,69588],{"id":69587},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69590,69591,69593],{},[18,69592,12629],{}," has two main jobs:",[140,69595,69596,69599],{},[143,69597,69598],{},"It removes one item from a list",[143,69600,69601],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69603,43512],{},[140,69605,69606,69609,69612],{},[143,69607,69608],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[143,69610,69611],{},"It changes the original list",[143,69613,153],{},[14,69615,235],{},[44,69617,69619],{"className":46,"code":69618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69620,69621,69653,69657,69672,69676,69687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69622,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69624,398],{"class":59},[53,69626,64],{"class":63},[53,69628,68],{"class":67},[53,69630,253],{"class":252},[53,69632,407],{"class":256},[53,69634,253],{"class":252},[53,69636,75],{"class":67},[53,69638,264],{"class":252},[53,69640,436],{"class":256},[53,69642,253],{"class":252},[53,69644,75],{"class":67},[53,69646,264],{"class":252},[53,69648,416],{"class":256},[53,69650,253],{"class":252},[53,69652,86],{"class":67},[53,69654,69655],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69656,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69658,69659,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69660,69661],{"class":59},"removed ",[53,69663,64],{"class":63},[53,69665,12988],{"class":59},[53,69667,95],{"class":67},[53,69669,26106],{"class":98},[53,69671,8510],{"class":67},[53,69673,69674],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69675,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69677,69678,69680,69682,69685],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,69679,115],{"class":114},[53,69681,102],{"class":67},[53,69683,69684],{"class":98},"removed",[53,69686,108],{"class":67},[53,69688,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,69690,115],{"class":114},[53,69692,102],{"class":67},[53,69694,425],{"class":98},[53,69696,108],{"class":67},[14,69698,328],{},[44,69700,69702],{"className":46,"code":69701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69703,69704,69709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69705,69706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69707,69708],{"class":59},"blue\n",[53,69710,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69712,338],{"class":67},[53,69714,341],{"class":252},[53,69716,407],{"class":256},[53,69718,341],{"class":252},[53,69720,75],{"class":67},[53,69722,350],{"class":252},[53,69724,436],{"class":256},[53,69726,341],{"class":252},[53,69728,86],{"class":67},[39,69730,2039],{"id":2038},[44,69732,69734],{"className":46,"code":69733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69735,69736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69737,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69739,7961],{"class":2782},[53,69741,95],{"class":67},[53,69743,26106],{"class":98},[53,69745,619],{"class":67},[53,69747,35711],{"class":98},[53,69749,632],{"class":67},[14,69751,16,69752,69754],{},[18,69753,35711],{}," is optional.",[140,69756,69757,69763,69769],{},[143,69758,69759,69760,69762],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,69761,12629],{}," removes the last item",[143,69764,69765,69766,69768],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,69767,12629],{}," removes the item at that position",[143,69770,69771],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69773,235],{},[44,69775,69777],{"className":46,"code":69776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,69778,69779,69811,69815,69834,69838,69848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69780,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69782,1411],{"class":59},[53,69784,64],{"class":63},[53,69786,68],{"class":67},[53,69788,253],{"class":252},[53,69790,183],{"class":256},[53,69792,253],{"class":252},[53,69794,75],{"class":67},[53,69796,264],{"class":252},[53,69798,1453],{"class":256},[53,69800,253],{"class":252},[53,69802,75],{"class":67},[53,69804,264],{"class":252},[53,69806,1428],{"class":256},[53,69808,253],{"class":252},[53,69810,86],{"class":67},[53,69812,69813],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69814,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69816,69817,69819,69821,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69818,28404],{"class":59},[53,69820,64],{"class":63},[53,69822,69823],{"class":59}," letters",[53,69825,95],{"class":67},[53,69827,26106],{"class":98},[53,69829,102],{"class":67},[53,69831,72],{"class":71},[53,69833,108],{"class":67},[53,69835,69836],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69837,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69839,69840,69842,69844,69846],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,69841,115],{"class":114},[53,69843,102],{"class":67},[53,69845,212],{"class":98},[53,69847,108],{"class":67},[53,69849,69850,69852,69854,69856],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,69851,115],{"class":114},[53,69853,102],{"class":67},[53,69855,1437],{"class":98},[53,69857,108],{"class":67},[14,69859,328],{},[44,69861,69863],{"className":46,"code":69862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,69864,69865,69870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69866,69867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69868,69869],{"class":59},"b\n",[53,69871,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69873,338],{"class":67},[53,69875,341],{"class":252},[53,69877,183],{"class":256},[53,69879,341],{"class":252},[53,69881,75],{"class":67},[53,69883,350],{"class":252},[53,69885,1428],{"class":256},[53,69887,341],{"class":252},[53,69889,86],{"class":67},[14,69891,69892,69893,95],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[183,69894,186],{"href":185},[39,69896,69898],{"id":69897},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69900,69901,69902,69904],{},"When you call ",[18,69903,12629],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[44,69906,69908],{"className":46,"code":69907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,69909,69910,69945,69949,69964,69968,69979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69911,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69923,69925,69927,69929,69932,69934,69936,69938,69941,69943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69913,29764],{"class":59},[53,69915,64],{"class":63},[53,69917,68],{"class":67},[53,69919,253],{"class":252},[53,69921,69922],{"class":256},"write",[53,69924,253],{"class":252},[53,69926,75],{"class":67},[53,69928,264],{"class":252},[53,69930,69931],{"class":256},"test",[53,69933,253],{"class":252},[53,69935,75],{"class":67},[53,69937,264],{"class":252},[53,69939,69940],{"class":256},"submit",[53,69942,253],{"class":252},[53,69944,86],{"class":67},[53,69946,69947],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,69948,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69950,69951,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,69952,69953],{"class":59},"last_task ",[53,69955,64],{"class":63},[53,69957,29842],{"class":59},[53,69959,95],{"class":67},[53,69961,26106],{"class":98},[53,69963,8510],{"class":67},[53,69965,69966],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,69967,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,69969,69970,69972,69974,69977],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,69971,115],{"class":114},[53,69973,102],{"class":67},[53,69975,69976],{"class":98},"last_task",[53,69978,108],{"class":67},[53,69980,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,69982,115],{"class":114},[53,69984,102],{"class":67},[53,69986,36367],{"class":98},[53,69988,108],{"class":67},[14,69990,328],{},[44,69992,69994],{"className":46,"code":69993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,69995,69996,70001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69997,69998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69999,70000],{"class":59},"submit\n",[53,70002,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70004,338],{"class":67},[53,70006,341],{"class":252},[53,70008,69922],{"class":256},[53,70010,341],{"class":252},[53,70012,75],{"class":67},[53,70014,350],{"class":252},[53,70016,69931],{"class":256},[53,70018,341],{"class":252},[53,70020,86],{"class":67},[14,70022,70023],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[39,70025,70027],{"id":70026},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70029,70030],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[44,70032,70034],{"className":46,"code":70033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70035,70036,70076,70080,70098,70102,70112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70037,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70039,245],{"class":59},[53,70041,64],{"class":63},[53,70043,68],{"class":67},[53,70045,253],{"class":252},[53,70047,257],{"class":256},[53,70049,253],{"class":252},[53,70051,75],{"class":67},[53,70053,264],{"class":252},[53,70055,267],{"class":256},[53,70057,253],{"class":252},[53,70059,75],{"class":67},[53,70061,264],{"class":252},[53,70063,3971],{"class":256},[53,70065,253],{"class":252},[53,70067,75],{"class":67},[53,70069,264],{"class":252},[53,70071,292],{"class":256},[53,70073,253],{"class":252},[53,70075,86],{"class":67},[53,70077,70078],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70079,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70081,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70083,69661],{"class":59},[53,70085,64],{"class":63},[53,70087,281],{"class":59},[53,70089,95],{"class":67},[53,70091,26106],{"class":98},[53,70093,102],{"class":67},[53,70095,72],{"class":71},[53,70097,108],{"class":67},[53,70099,70100],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70101,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70103,70104,70106,70108,70110],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70105,115],{"class":114},[53,70107,102],{"class":67},[53,70109,69684],{"class":98},[53,70111,108],{"class":67},[53,70113,70114,70116,70118,70120],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,70115,115],{"class":114},[53,70117,102],{"class":67},[53,70119,311],{"class":98},[53,70121,108],{"class":67},[14,70123,328],{},[44,70125,70127],{"className":46,"code":70126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70128,70129,70134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70130,70131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70132,70133],{"class":59},"banana\n",[53,70135,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70137,338],{"class":67},[53,70139,341],{"class":252},[53,70141,257],{"class":256},[53,70143,341],{"class":252},[53,70145,75],{"class":67},[53,70147,350],{"class":252},[53,70149,3971],{"class":256},[53,70151,341],{"class":252},[53,70153,75],{"class":67},[53,70155,350],{"class":252},[53,70157,292],{"class":256},[53,70159,341],{"class":252},[53,70161,86],{"class":67},[14,70163,70164],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[44,70166,70168],{"className":46,"code":70167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70169,70170,70202,70206,70226,70230,70240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70171,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70173,245],{"class":59},[53,70175,64],{"class":63},[53,70177,68],{"class":67},[53,70179,253],{"class":252},[53,70181,257],{"class":256},[53,70183,253],{"class":252},[53,70185,75],{"class":67},[53,70187,264],{"class":252},[53,70189,267],{"class":256},[53,70191,253],{"class":252},[53,70193,75],{"class":67},[53,70195,264],{"class":252},[53,70197,3971],{"class":256},[53,70199,253],{"class":252},[53,70201,86],{"class":67},[53,70203,70204],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70205,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70207,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70209,69661],{"class":59},[53,70211,64],{"class":63},[53,70213,281],{"class":59},[53,70215,95],{"class":67},[53,70217,26106],{"class":98},[53,70219,102],{"class":67},[53,70221,1901],{"class":63},[53,70223,72],{"class":71},[53,70225,108],{"class":67},[53,70227,70228],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70229,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70231,70232,70234,70236,70238],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70233,115],{"class":114},[53,70235,102],{"class":67},[53,70237,69684],{"class":98},[53,70239,108],{"class":67},[53,70241,70242,70244,70246,70248],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,70243,115],{"class":114},[53,70245,102],{"class":67},[53,70247,311],{"class":98},[53,70249,108],{"class":67},[14,70251,328],{},[44,70253,70255],{"className":46,"code":70254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70256,70257,70262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70258,70259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70260,70261],{"class":59},"cherry\n",[53,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70265,338],{"class":67},[53,70267,341],{"class":252},[53,70269,257],{"class":256},[53,70271,341],{"class":252},[53,70273,75],{"class":67},[53,70275,350],{"class":252},[53,70277,267],{"class":256},[53,70279,341],{"class":252},[53,70281,86],{"class":67},[14,70283,70284,70285,70287],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70286,65581],{}," means the last item.",[14,70289,70290,70291,95],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[183,70292,70293,10608],{"href":58690},[18,70294,64592],{},[39,70296,70298],{"id":70297},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70300,70301,70303],{},[18,70302,12629],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70305,70306,70307,4269,70309,95],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70308,12629],{},[183,70310,70311],{"href":54796},[18,70312,55253],{},[14,70314,235],{},[44,70316,70318],{"className":46,"code":70317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70319,70320,70352,70356,70375,70379,70390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70321,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70323,4869],{"class":59},[53,70325,64],{"class":63},[53,70327,68],{"class":67},[53,70329,253],{"class":252},[53,70331,12747],{"class":256},[53,70333,253],{"class":252},[53,70335,75],{"class":67},[53,70337,264],{"class":252},[53,70339,35806],{"class":256},[53,70341,253],{"class":252},[53,70343,75],{"class":67},[53,70345,264],{"class":252},[53,70347,35815],{"class":256},[53,70349,253],{"class":252},[53,70351,86],{"class":67},[53,70353,70354],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70355,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70357,70358,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70359,70360],{"class":59},"removed_name ",[53,70362,64],{"class":63},[53,70364,69303],{"class":59},[53,70366,95],{"class":67},[53,70368,26106],{"class":98},[53,70370,102],{"class":67},[53,70372,2000],{"class":71},[53,70374,108],{"class":67},[53,70376,70377],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70378,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70380,70381,70383,70385,70388],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70382,115],{"class":114},[53,70384,102],{"class":67},[53,70386,70387],{"class":98},"removed_name",[53,70389,108],{"class":67},[53,70391,70392,70394,70396,70398],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,70393,115],{"class":114},[53,70395,102],{"class":67},[53,70397,4913],{"class":98},[53,70399,108],{"class":67},[14,70401,328],{},[44,70403,70405],{"className":46,"code":70404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70406,70407,70411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70408,70409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70410,49903],{"class":59},[53,70412,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70414,338],{"class":67},[53,70416,341],{"class":252},[53,70418,35806],{"class":256},[53,70420,341],{"class":252},[53,70422,75],{"class":67},[53,70424,350],{"class":252},[53,70426,35815],{"class":256},[53,70428,341],{"class":252},[53,70430,86],{"class":67},[14,70432,70433],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70435,70436,70437,70439,70440,95],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70438,55253],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70441,232],{},[39,70443,70445],{"id":70444},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[830,70447,70449],{"id":70448},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70451,70452,70453,70455,70456,95],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70454,12629],{}," raises an ",[18,70457,70458],{},"IndexError",[44,70460,70462],{"className":46,"code":70461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70463,70464,70472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70465,70466,70468,70470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70467,516],{"class":59},[53,70469,64],{"class":63},[53,70471,521],{"class":67},[53,70473,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70475,530],{"class":59},[53,70477,95],{"class":67},[53,70479,26106],{"class":98},[53,70481,8510],{"class":67},[14,70483,328],{},[44,70485,70487],{"className":46,"code":70486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70488,70489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70490,70491,70493,70495,70498,70501,70504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70492,70458],{"class":2782},[53,70494,597],{"class":67},[53,70496,70497],{"class":59}," pop ",[53,70499,70500],{"class":1558},"from",[53,70502,70503],{"class":59}," empty ",[53,70505,49749],{"class":2782},[14,70507,39125],{},[140,70509,70510,70515],{},[143,70511,70512,70513],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70514,12629],{},[143,70516,70517,70518,4269,70520],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70519,29670],{},[18,70521,29701],{},[14,70523,235],{},[44,70525,70527],{"className":46,"code":70526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70528,70529,70537,70541,70549,70563,70569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70530,70531,70533,70535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70532,516],{"class":59},[53,70534,64],{"class":63},[53,70536,521],{"class":67},[53,70538,70539],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70540,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70542,70543,70545,70547],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70544,6867],{"class":1558},[53,70546,1080],{"class":59},[53,70548,6265],{"class":67},[53,70550,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70552,7936],{"class":114},[53,70554,102],{"class":67},[53,70556,530],{"class":98},[53,70558,95],{"class":67},[53,70560,26106],{"class":98},[53,70562,7064],{"class":67},[53,70564,70565,70567],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70566,27299],{"class":1558},[53,70568,6265],{"class":67},[53,70570,70571,70573,70575,70577,70580,70582],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,70572,7936],{"class":114},[53,70574,102],{"class":67},[53,70576,253],{"class":252},[53,70578,70579],{"class":256},"The list is empty.",[53,70581,253],{"class":252},[53,70583,108],{"class":67},[830,70585,70587],{"id":70586},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70589,70590,70591,95],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70592,70458],{},[44,70594,70596],{"className":46,"code":70595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70597,70598,70618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70599,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70601,60],{"class":59},[53,70603,64],{"class":63},[53,70605,68],{"class":67},[53,70607,539],{"class":71},[53,70609,75],{"class":67},[53,70611,7658],{"class":71},[53,70613,75],{"class":67},[53,70615,7663],{"class":71},[53,70617,86],{"class":67},[53,70619,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70621,92],{"class":59},[53,70623,95],{"class":67},[53,70625,26106],{"class":98},[53,70627,102],{"class":67},[53,70629,2017],{"class":71},[53,70631,108],{"class":67},[14,70633,328],{},[44,70635,70637],{"className":46,"code":70636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70638,70639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70640,70641,70643,70645,70648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70642,70458],{"class":2782},[53,70644,597],{"class":67},[53,70646,70647],{"class":59}," pop index out of ",[53,70649,70650],{"class":114},"range\n",[14,70652,39125],{},[140,70654,70655,70660],{},[143,70656,70657,70658],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70659,42223],{},[143,70661,70662],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[44,70664,70666],{"className":46,"code":70665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70667,70668,70688,70697,70701,70723,70741,70747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70669,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70671,60],{"class":59},[53,70673,64],{"class":63},[53,70675,68],{"class":67},[53,70677,539],{"class":71},[53,70679,75],{"class":67},[53,70681,7658],{"class":71},[53,70683,75],{"class":67},[53,70685,7663],{"class":71},[53,70687,86],{"class":67},[53,70689,70690,70693,70695],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70691,70692],{"class":59},"index ",[53,70694,64],{"class":63},[53,70696,45452],{"class":71},[53,70698,70699],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70700,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70702,70703,70705,70707,70710,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70704,6867],{"class":1558},[53,70706,3713],{"class":71},[53,70708,70709],{"class":63}," \u003C=",[53,70711,70712],{"class":59}," index ",[53,70714,3171],{"class":63},[53,70716,38249],{"class":114},[53,70718,102],{"class":67},[53,70720,92],{"class":98},[53,70722,1580],{"class":67},[53,70724,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70726,7936],{"class":114},[53,70728,102],{"class":67},[53,70730,92],{"class":98},[53,70732,95],{"class":67},[53,70734,26106],{"class":98},[53,70736,102],{"class":67},[53,70738,35711],{"class":98},[53,70740,1907],{"class":67},[53,70742,70743,70745],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,70744,27299],{"class":1558},[53,70746,6265],{"class":67},[53,70748,70749,70751,70753,70755,70758,70760],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,70750,7936],{"class":114},[53,70752,102],{"class":67},[53,70754,253],{"class":252},[53,70756,70757],{"class":256},"Index is out of range.",[53,70759,253],{"class":252},[53,70761,108],{"class":67},[14,70763,70764,70765,95],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[183,70766,68986],{"href":68985},[830,70768,70770],{"id":70769},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70772,70773,70775],{},[18,70774,12629],{}," expects an integer index.",[44,70777,70779],{"className":46,"code":70778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,70780,70781,70801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70782,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70784,60],{"class":59},[53,70786,64],{"class":63},[53,70788,68],{"class":67},[53,70790,539],{"class":71},[53,70792,75],{"class":67},[53,70794,7658],{"class":71},[53,70796,75],{"class":67},[53,70798,7663],{"class":71},[53,70800,86],{"class":67},[53,70802,70803,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70804,92],{"class":59},[53,70806,95],{"class":67},[53,70808,26106],{"class":98},[53,70810,102],{"class":67},[53,70812,253],{"class":252},[53,70814,72],{"class":256},[53,70816,253],{"class":252},[53,70818,108],{"class":67},[14,70820,328],{},[44,70822,70824],{"className":46,"code":70823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,70825,70826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70827,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840,70843,70846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70829,2885],{"class":2782},[53,70831,597],{"class":67},[53,70833,350],{"class":252},[53,70835,3324],{"class":256},[53,70837,341],{"class":252},[53,70839,24482],{"class":2782},[53,70841,70842],{"class":59}," cannot be interpreted ",[53,70844,70845],{"class":1558},"as",[53,70847,70848],{"class":59}," an integer\n",[14,70850,39125],{},[140,70852,70853,70862],{},[143,70854,70855,70856,2072,70858,2076,70860],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,70857,2000],{},[18,70859,72],{},[18,70861,65581],{},[143,70863,70864],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[44,70866,70868],{"className":46,"code":70867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70869,70870,70890,70908,70912,70930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70871,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70873,60],{"class":59},[53,70875,64],{"class":63},[53,70877,68],{"class":67},[53,70879,539],{"class":71},[53,70881,75],{"class":67},[53,70883,7658],{"class":71},[53,70885,75],{"class":67},[53,70887,7663],{"class":71},[53,70889,86],{"class":67},[53,70891,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70893,70692],{"class":59},[53,70895,64],{"class":63},[53,70897,45139],{"class":2782},[53,70899,102],{"class":67},[53,70901,253],{"class":252},[53,70903,72],{"class":256},[53,70905,253],{"class":252},[53,70907,108],{"class":67},[53,70909,70910],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,70911,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,70913,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,70915,115],{"class":114},[53,70917,102],{"class":67},[53,70919,92],{"class":98},[53,70921,95],{"class":67},[53,70923,26106],{"class":98},[53,70925,102],{"class":67},[53,70927,35711],{"class":98},[53,70929,1907],{"class":67},[53,70931,70932,70934,70936,70938],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,70933,115],{"class":114},[53,70935,102],{"class":67},[53,70937,92],{"class":98},[53,70939,108],{"class":67},[14,70941,328],{},[44,70943,70945],{"className":46,"code":70944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,70946,70947,70952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70948,70949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70950,70951],{"class":71},"20\n",[53,70953,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,70955,338],{"class":67},[53,70957,539],{"class":71},[53,70959,75],{"class":67},[53,70961,7663],{"class":71},[53,70963,86],{"class":67},[39,70965,70967],{"id":70966},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70969,70970],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[830,70972,131,70974,10468],{"id":70973},"use-pop-when",[18,70975,12629],{},[140,70977,70978,70981,70984],{},[143,70979,70980],{},"you want to remove by index",[143,70982,70983],{},"you want the removed item returned",[143,70985,70986],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[830,70988,131,70990,10468],{"id":70989},"use-remove-when",[18,70991,55253],{},[140,70993,70994,70997],{},[143,70995,70996],{},"you want to remove by value",[143,70998,70999],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71001,71002],{},"Compare these examples:",[44,71004,71006],{"className":46,"code":71005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71007,71008,71032,71036,71054,71064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71009,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71011,60],{"class":59},[53,71013,64],{"class":63},[53,71015,68],{"class":67},[53,71017,539],{"class":71},[53,71019,75],{"class":67},[53,71021,7658],{"class":71},[53,71023,75],{"class":67},[53,71025,7663],{"class":71},[53,71027,75],{"class":67},[53,71029,7658],{"class":71},[53,71031,86],{"class":67},[53,71033,71034],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71035,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,71037,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71039,69661],{"class":59},[53,71041,64],{"class":63},[53,71043,4138],{"class":59},[53,71045,95],{"class":67},[53,71047,26106],{"class":98},[53,71049,102],{"class":67},[53,71051,72],{"class":71},[53,71053,108],{"class":67},[53,71055,71056,71058,71060,71062],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,71057,115],{"class":114},[53,71059,102],{"class":67},[53,71061,69684],{"class":98},[53,71063,108],{"class":67},[53,71065,71066,71068,71070,71072],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,71067,115],{"class":114},[53,71069,102],{"class":67},[53,71071,92],{"class":98},[53,71073,108],{"class":67},[14,71075,328],{},[44,71077,71079],{"className":46,"code":71078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71080,71081,71085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71082,71083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71084,70951],{"class":71},[53,71086,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71088,338],{"class":67},[53,71090,539],{"class":71},[53,71092,75],{"class":67},[53,71094,7663],{"class":71},[53,71096,75],{"class":67},[53,71098,7658],{"class":71},[53,71100,86],{"class":67},[44,71102,71104],{"className":46,"code":71103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71105,71106,71130,71134,71148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71107,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71109,60],{"class":59},[53,71111,64],{"class":63},[53,71113,68],{"class":67},[53,71115,539],{"class":71},[53,71117,75],{"class":67},[53,71119,7658],{"class":71},[53,71121,75],{"class":67},[53,71123,7663],{"class":71},[53,71125,75],{"class":67},[53,71127,7658],{"class":71},[53,71129,86],{"class":67},[53,71131,71132],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71133,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,71135,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71137,92],{"class":59},[53,71139,95],{"class":67},[53,71141,34658],{"class":98},[53,71143,102],{"class":67},[53,71145,15618],{"class":71},[53,71147,108],{"class":67},[53,71149,71150,71152,71154,71156],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,71151,115],{"class":114},[53,71153,102],{"class":67},[53,71155,92],{"class":98},[53,71157,108],{"class":67},[14,71159,328],{},[44,71161,71163],{"className":46,"code":71162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71164,71165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71166,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71168,338],{"class":67},[53,71170,539],{"class":71},[53,71172,75],{"class":67},[53,71174,7663],{"class":71},[53,71176,75],{"class":67},[53,71178,7658],{"class":71},[53,71180,86],{"class":67},[14,71182,71183,71184,71187,71188,95],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71185,71186],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71189,72],{},[14,71191,56329,71192,71195,71196,95],{},[18,71193,71194],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71197,15618],{},[14,71199,71200,71201,95],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[183,71202,54792],{"href":54791},[39,71204,2709],{"id":2708},[14,71206,71207,71208,597],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71209,12629],{},[140,71211,71212,71215,71218,71224,71228],{},[143,71213,71214],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[143,71216,71217],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[143,71219,37066,71220,8572,71222],{},[18,71221,12629],{},[18,71223,55253],{},[143,71225,8319,71226,61698],{},[18,71227,12629],{},[143,71229,71230],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71232,71233],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[44,71235,71237],{"className":46,"code":71236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71238,71239,71249,71263,71277,71295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71240,71241,71243,71245,71247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71242,115],{"class":114},[53,71244,102],{"class":67},[53,71246,203],{"class":98},[53,71248,108],{"class":67},[53,71250,71251,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71252,115],{"class":114},[53,71254,102],{"class":67},[53,71256,11029],{"class":114},[53,71258,102],{"class":67},[53,71260,203],{"class":98},[53,71262,1907],{"class":67},[53,71264,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71266,115],{"class":114},[53,71268,102],{"class":67},[53,71270,203],{"class":98},[53,71272,95],{"class":67},[53,71274,26106],{"class":98},[53,71276,7064],{"class":67},[53,71278,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,71280,115],{"class":114},[53,71282,102],{"class":67},[53,71284,203],{"class":98},[53,71286,95],{"class":67},[53,71288,26106],{"class":98},[53,71290,102],{"class":67},[53,71292,2000],{"class":71},[53,71294,1907],{"class":67},[53,71296,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,71298,115],{"class":114},[53,71300,102],{"class":67},[53,71302,3102],{"class":2782},[53,71304,102],{"class":67},[53,71306,35711],{"class":98},[53,71308,1907],{"class":67},[14,71310,71311],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[140,71313,71314,71320],{},[143,71315,71316,71319],{},[18,71317,71318],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[143,71321,71322,71325],{},[18,71323,71324],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71327,71328,71329,71332],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71330,71331],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[39,71334,1650],{"id":1649},[830,71336,71338],{"id":71337},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71340,71341,71342,71344],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71343,12629],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[830,71346,71348],{"id":71347},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71350,71351,71353,71354,71356,71357,95],{},[18,71352,12629],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71355,55253],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71358,232],{},[830,71360,71362],{"id":71361},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71364,71365,71366,71369],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71367,71368],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[830,71371,71373],{"id":71372},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71375,71376,71377,71379],{},"Python raises ",[18,71378,70458],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[39,71381,1782],{"id":1781},[140,71383,71384,71388,71393,71398,71403],{},[143,71385,71386],{},[183,71387,55239],{"href":54791},[143,71389,71390],{},[183,71391,71392],{"href":54796},"Python list remove() method",[143,71394,71395],{},[183,71396,71397],{"href":58690},"Python list index() method",[143,71399,71400],{},[183,71401,71402],{"href":185},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[143,71404,71405],{},[183,71406,68986],{"href":68985},[1810,71408,71409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":71411},[71412,71413,71414,71415,71416,71417,71418,71423,71429,71430,71436],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":69587,"depth":89,"text":69588},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":69897,"depth":89,"text":69898},{"id":70026,"depth":89,"text":70027},{"id":70297,"depth":89,"text":70298},{"id":70444,"depth":89,"text":70445,"children":71419},[71420,71421,71422],{"id":70448,"depth":111,"text":70449},{"id":70586,"depth":111,"text":70587},{"id":70769,"depth":111,"text":70770},{"id":70966,"depth":89,"text":70967,"children":71424},[71425,71427],{"id":70973,"depth":111,"text":71426},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70989,"depth":111,"text":71428},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":71431},[71432,71433,71434,71435],{"id":71337,"depth":111,"text":71338},{"id":71347,"depth":111,"text":71348},{"id":71361,"depth":111,"text":71362},{"id":71372,"depth":111,"text":71373},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69454,"description":71437},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71444,"title":71445,"body":71446,"description":73232,"extension":1841,"meta":73233,"navigation":301,"path":73234,"seo":73235,"stem":73236,"__hash__":73237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71447,"toc":73214},[71448,71451,71456,71462,71464,71534,71540,71544,71549,71570,71573,71640,71642,71663,71671,71673,71692,71708,71710,71775,71777,71802,71804,71806,71871,71873,71898,71900,71914,71917,71970,71972,71993,71997,72005,72078,72080,72113,72119,72125,72216,72218,72243,72249,72338,72340,72364,72366,72370,72425,72427,72459,72462,72465,72559,72561,72594,72600,72606,72610,72617,72643,72647,72712,72714,72739,72743,72824,72826,72855,72860,72865,72871,72875,72882,72904,72908,72967,72969,72993,73002,73007,73009,73013,73042,73044,73119,73122,73136,73142,73144,73148,73151,73155,73160,73164,73173,73177,73185,73187,73211],[10,71449,71445],{"id":71450},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71452,16,71453,71455],{},[18,71454,54799],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71457,71458,71459,71461],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[23,71460,2350],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[39,71463,1882],{"id":1881},[44,71465,71467],{"className":46,"code":71466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71468,71469,71501,71519,71529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71470,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71472,516],{"class":59},[53,71474,64],{"class":63},[53,71476,68],{"class":67},[53,71478,253],{"class":252},[53,71480,257],{"class":256},[53,71482,253],{"class":252},[53,71484,75],{"class":67},[53,71486,264],{"class":252},[53,71488,267],{"class":256},[53,71490,253],{"class":252},[53,71492,75],{"class":67},[53,71494,264],{"class":252},[53,71496,292],{"class":256},[53,71498,253],{"class":252},[53,71500,86],{"class":67},[53,71502,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71504,530],{"class":59},[53,71506,95],{"class":67},[53,71508,34658],{"class":98},[53,71510,102],{"class":67},[53,71512,253],{"class":252},[53,71514,267],{"class":256},[53,71516,253],{"class":252},[53,71518,108],{"class":67},[53,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71522,115],{"class":114},[53,71524,102],{"class":67},[53,71526,530],{"class":98},[53,71528,108],{"class":67},[53,71530,71531],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,71532,71533],{"class":127},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71535,131,71536,71539],{},[18,71537,71538],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[39,71541,71543],{"id":71542},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71545,71546,71548],{},[18,71547,55253],{}," is a list method that:",[140,71550,71551,71557,71562,71567],{},[143,71552,71553,71554,71556],{},"Deletes the ",[23,71555,29775],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[143,71558,71559,71560],{},"Changes the original list ",[23,71561,11202],{},[143,71563,12570,71564,71566],{},[23,71565,36],{}," return a new list",[143,71568,71569],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71571,71572],{},"This is important for beginners:",[44,71574,71576],{"className":46,"code":71575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71577,71578,71598,71616,71620,71630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71579,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71581,60],{"class":59},[53,71583,64],{"class":63},[53,71585,68],{"class":67},[53,71587,72],{"class":71},[53,71589,75],{"class":67},[53,71591,78],{"class":71},[53,71593,75],{"class":67},[53,71595,83],{"class":71},[53,71597,86],{"class":67},[53,71599,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71601,276],{"class":59},[53,71603,64],{"class":63},[53,71605,4138],{"class":59},[53,71607,95],{"class":67},[53,71609,34658],{"class":98},[53,71611,102],{"class":67},[53,71613,1937],{"class":71},[53,71615,108],{"class":67},[53,71617,71618],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71619,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,71621,71622,71624,71626,71628],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,71623,115],{"class":114},[53,71625,102],{"class":67},[53,71627,92],{"class":98},[53,71629,108],{"class":67},[53,71631,71632,71634,71636,71638],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,71633,115],{"class":114},[53,71635,102],{"class":67},[53,71637,323],{"class":98},[53,71639,108],{"class":67},[14,71641,328],{},[44,71643,71645],{"className":46,"code":71644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71646,71647,71659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71648,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71650,338],{"class":67},[53,71652,72],{"class":71},[53,71654,75],{"class":67},[53,71656,83],{"class":71},[53,71658,86],{"class":67},[53,71660,71661],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71662,370],{"class":369},[14,71664,71665,71666,71668,71669,95],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71667,55253],{}," itself returned ",[18,71670,232],{},[39,71672,190],{"id":189},[44,71674,71676],{"className":46,"code":71675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,71677,71678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71679,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71681,7961],{"class":2782},[53,71683,95],{"class":67},[53,71685,34658],{"class":98},[53,71687,102],{"class":67},[53,71689,2350],{"class":98},[53,71691,108],{"class":67},[140,71693,71694,71699,71702],{},[143,71695,71696,71698],{},[18,71697,2350],{}," is the item you want to delete",[143,71700,71701],{},"Python searches from left to right",[143,71703,71704,71705,71707],{},"Only the ",[23,71706,29775],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71709,235],{},[44,71711,71713],{"className":46,"code":71712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,71714,71715,71747,71765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71716,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71718,1411],{"class":59},[53,71720,64],{"class":63},[53,71722,68],{"class":67},[53,71724,253],{"class":252},[53,71726,183],{"class":256},[53,71728,253],{"class":252},[53,71730,75],{"class":67},[53,71732,264],{"class":252},[53,71734,1453],{"class":256},[53,71736,253],{"class":252},[53,71738,75],{"class":67},[53,71740,264],{"class":252},[53,71742,1428],{"class":256},[53,71744,253],{"class":252},[53,71746,86],{"class":67},[53,71748,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71750,1437],{"class":59},[53,71752,95],{"class":67},[53,71754,34658],{"class":98},[53,71756,102],{"class":67},[53,71758,253],{"class":252},[53,71760,1453],{"class":256},[53,71762,253],{"class":252},[53,71764,108],{"class":67},[53,71766,71767,71769,71771,71773],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71768,115],{"class":114},[53,71770,102],{"class":67},[53,71772,1437],{"class":98},[53,71774,108],{"class":67},[14,71776,328],{},[44,71778,71780],{"className":46,"code":71779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,71781,71782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71783,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71785,338],{"class":67},[53,71787,341],{"class":252},[53,71789,183],{"class":256},[53,71791,341],{"class":252},[53,71793,75],{"class":67},[53,71795,350],{"class":252},[53,71797,1428],{"class":256},[53,71799,341],{"class":252},[53,71801,86],{"class":67},[39,71803,5660],{"id":5659},[14,71805,64901],{},[44,71807,71809],{"className":46,"code":71808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,71810,71811,71843,71861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71812,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71814,398],{"class":59},[53,71816,64],{"class":63},[53,71818,68],{"class":67},[53,71820,253],{"class":252},[53,71822,407],{"class":256},[53,71824,253],{"class":252},[53,71826,75],{"class":67},[53,71828,264],{"class":252},[53,71830,416],{"class":256},[53,71832,253],{"class":252},[53,71834,75],{"class":67},[53,71836,264],{"class":252},[53,71838,436],{"class":256},[53,71840,253],{"class":252},[53,71842,86],{"class":67},[53,71844,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71846,425],{"class":59},[53,71848,95],{"class":67},[53,71850,34658],{"class":98},[53,71852,102],{"class":67},[53,71854,253],{"class":252},[53,71856,416],{"class":256},[53,71858,253],{"class":252},[53,71860,108],{"class":67},[53,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71864,115],{"class":114},[53,71866,102],{"class":67},[53,71868,425],{"class":98},[53,71870,108],{"class":67},[14,71872,328],{},[44,71874,71876],{"className":46,"code":71875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,71877,71878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71881,338],{"class":67},[53,71883,341],{"class":252},[53,71885,407],{"class":256},[53,71887,341],{"class":252},[53,71889,75],{"class":67},[53,71891,350],{"class":252},[53,71893,436],{"class":256},[53,71895,341],{"class":252},[53,71897,86],{"class":67},[14,71899,11551],{},[140,71901,71902,71905,71911],{},[143,71903,71904],{},"A list is created with three values",[143,71906,71907,71910],{},[18,71908,71909],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[143,71912,71913],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71915,71916],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[44,71918,71920],{"className":46,"code":71919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,71921,71922,71946,71960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71923,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71925,4938],{"class":59},[53,71927,64],{"class":63},[53,71929,68],{"class":67},[53,71931,539],{"class":71},[53,71933,75],{"class":67},[53,71935,7658],{"class":71},[53,71937,75],{"class":67},[53,71939,7663],{"class":71},[53,71941,75],{"class":67},[53,71943,50707],{"class":71},[53,71945,86],{"class":67},[53,71947,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,71949,16253],{"class":59},[53,71951,95],{"class":67},[53,71953,34658],{"class":98},[53,71955,102],{"class":67},[53,71957,36703],{"class":71},[53,71959,108],{"class":67},[53,71961,71962,71964,71966,71968],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,71963,115],{"class":114},[53,71965,102],{"class":67},[53,71967,16253],{"class":98},[53,71969,108],{"class":67},[14,71971,328],{},[44,71973,71975],{"className":46,"code":71974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,71976,71977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71980,338],{"class":67},[53,71982,539],{"class":71},[53,71984,75],{"class":67},[53,71986,7658],{"class":71},[53,71988,75],{"class":67},[53,71990,50707],{"class":71},[53,71992,86],{"class":67},[39,71994,71996],{"id":71995},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,71998,64891,71999,72001,72002,72004],{},[18,72000,55253],{}," deletes only the ",[23,72003,29775],{}," one.",[44,72006,72008],{"className":46,"code":72007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72009,72010,72050,72068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72011,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72013,516],{"class":59},[53,72015,64],{"class":63},[53,72017,68],{"class":67},[53,72019,253],{"class":252},[53,72021,257],{"class":256},[53,72023,253],{"class":252},[53,72025,75],{"class":67},[53,72027,264],{"class":252},[53,72029,267],{"class":256},[53,72031,253],{"class":252},[53,72033,75],{"class":67},[53,72035,264],{"class":252},[53,72037,257],{"class":256},[53,72039,253],{"class":252},[53,72041,75],{"class":67},[53,72043,264],{"class":252},[53,72045,292],{"class":256},[53,72047,253],{"class":252},[53,72049,86],{"class":67},[53,72051,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72053,530],{"class":59},[53,72055,95],{"class":67},[53,72057,34658],{"class":98},[53,72059,102],{"class":67},[53,72061,253],{"class":252},[53,72063,257],{"class":256},[53,72065,253],{"class":252},[53,72067,108],{"class":67},[53,72069,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72071,115],{"class":114},[53,72073,102],{"class":67},[53,72075,530],{"class":98},[53,72077,108],{"class":67},[14,72079,328],{},[44,72081,72083],{"className":46,"code":72082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72084,72085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72086,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72088,338],{"class":67},[53,72090,341],{"class":252},[53,72092,267],{"class":256},[53,72094,341],{"class":252},[53,72096,75],{"class":67},[53,72098,350],{"class":252},[53,72100,257],{"class":256},[53,72102,341],{"class":252},[53,72104,75],{"class":67},[53,72106,350],{"class":252},[53,72108,292],{"class":256},[53,72110,341],{"class":252},[53,72112,86],{"class":67},[14,72114,72115,72116,72118],{},"Only the first ",[18,72117,57558],{}," was removed.",[14,72120,72121,72122,72124],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72123,55253],{}," again:",[44,72126,72128],{"className":46,"code":72127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72129,72130,72170,72188,72206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72131,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72133,516],{"class":59},[53,72135,64],{"class":63},[53,72137,68],{"class":67},[53,72139,253],{"class":252},[53,72141,257],{"class":256},[53,72143,253],{"class":252},[53,72145,75],{"class":67},[53,72147,264],{"class":252},[53,72149,267],{"class":256},[53,72151,253],{"class":252},[53,72153,75],{"class":67},[53,72155,264],{"class":252},[53,72157,257],{"class":256},[53,72159,253],{"class":252},[53,72161,75],{"class":67},[53,72163,264],{"class":252},[53,72165,292],{"class":256},[53,72167,253],{"class":252},[53,72169,86],{"class":67},[53,72171,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72173,530],{"class":59},[53,72175,95],{"class":67},[53,72177,34658],{"class":98},[53,72179,102],{"class":67},[53,72181,253],{"class":252},[53,72183,257],{"class":256},[53,72185,253],{"class":252},[53,72187,108],{"class":67},[53,72189,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72191,530],{"class":59},[53,72193,95],{"class":67},[53,72195,34658],{"class":98},[53,72197,102],{"class":67},[53,72199,253],{"class":252},[53,72201,257],{"class":256},[53,72203,253],{"class":252},[53,72205,108],{"class":67},[53,72207,72208,72210,72212,72214],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,72209,115],{"class":114},[53,72211,102],{"class":67},[53,72213,530],{"class":98},[53,72215,108],{"class":67},[14,72217,328],{},[44,72219,72221],{"className":46,"code":72220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72222,72223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72224,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72226,338],{"class":67},[53,72228,341],{"class":252},[53,72230,267],{"class":256},[53,72232,341],{"class":252},[53,72234,75],{"class":67},[53,72236,350],{"class":252},[53,72238,292],{"class":256},[53,72240,341],{"class":252},[53,72242,86],{"class":67},[14,72244,72245,72246,72248],{},"If you need to remove ",[23,72247,3595],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[44,72250,72252],{"className":46,"code":72251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72253,72254,72294,72328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72255,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72257,516],{"class":59},[53,72259,64],{"class":63},[53,72261,68],{"class":67},[53,72263,253],{"class":252},[53,72265,257],{"class":256},[53,72267,253],{"class":252},[53,72269,75],{"class":67},[53,72271,264],{"class":252},[53,72273,267],{"class":256},[53,72275,253],{"class":252},[53,72277,75],{"class":67},[53,72279,264],{"class":252},[53,72281,257],{"class":256},[53,72283,253],{"class":252},[53,72285,75],{"class":67},[53,72287,264],{"class":252},[53,72289,292],{"class":256},[53,72291,253],{"class":252},[53,72293,86],{"class":67},[53,72295,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72313,72315,72317,72320,72322,72324,72326],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72297,516],{"class":59},[53,72299,64],{"class":63},[53,72301,68],{"class":67},[53,72303,28404],{"class":59},[53,72305,1559],{"class":1558},[53,72307,5833],{"class":59},[53,72309,1565],{"class":1558},[53,72311,72312],{"class":59}," items ",[53,72314,6867],{"class":1558},[53,72316,5833],{"class":59},[53,72318,72319],{"class":63},"!=",[53,72321,264],{"class":252},[53,72323,257],{"class":256},[53,72325,253],{"class":252},[53,72327,86],{"class":67},[53,72329,72330,72332,72334,72336],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72331,115],{"class":114},[53,72333,102],{"class":67},[53,72335,530],{"class":98},[53,72337,108],{"class":67},[14,72339,328],{},[44,72341,72342],{"className":46,"code":72220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,72343,72344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72345,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72347,338],{"class":67},[53,72349,341],{"class":252},[53,72351,267],{"class":256},[53,72353,341],{"class":252},[53,72355,75],{"class":67},[53,72357,350],{"class":252},[53,72359,292],{"class":256},[53,72361,341],{"class":252},[53,72363,86],{"class":67},[39,72365,65357],{"id":65356},[14,72367,65360,72368,95],{},[18,72369,40566],{},[44,72371,72373],{"className":46,"code":72372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72374,72375,72407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72378,516],{"class":59},[53,72380,64],{"class":63},[53,72382,68],{"class":67},[53,72384,253],{"class":252},[53,72386,257],{"class":256},[53,72388,253],{"class":252},[53,72390,75],{"class":67},[53,72392,264],{"class":252},[53,72394,267],{"class":256},[53,72396,253],{"class":252},[53,72398,75],{"class":67},[53,72400,264],{"class":252},[53,72402,292],{"class":256},[53,72404,253],{"class":252},[53,72406,86],{"class":67},[53,72408,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72410,530],{"class":59},[53,72412,95],{"class":67},[53,72414,34658],{"class":98},[53,72416,102],{"class":67},[53,72418,253],{"class":252},[53,72420,22398],{"class":256},[53,72422,253],{"class":252},[53,72424,108],{"class":67},[14,72426,328],{},[44,72428,72430],{"className":46,"code":72429,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72431,72432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72433,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72435,40566],{"class":2782},[53,72437,597],{"class":67},[53,72439,22425],{"class":2782},[53,72441,95],{"class":67},[53,72443,34658],{"class":98},[53,72445,102],{"class":67},[53,72447,2056],{"class":98},[53,72449,16316],{"class":67},[53,72451,3758],{"class":59},[53,72453,36],{"class":63},[53,72455,21038],{"class":63},[53,72457,72458],{"class":2782}," list\n",[14,72460,72461],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72463,72464],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[44,72466,72468],{"className":46,"code":72467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72469,72470,72502,72514,72518,72530,72545,72549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72471,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72473,516],{"class":59},[53,72475,64],{"class":63},[53,72477,68],{"class":67},[53,72479,253],{"class":252},[53,72481,257],{"class":256},[53,72483,253],{"class":252},[53,72485,75],{"class":67},[53,72487,264],{"class":252},[53,72489,267],{"class":256},[53,72491,253],{"class":252},[53,72493,75],{"class":67},[53,72495,264],{"class":252},[53,72497,292],{"class":256},[53,72499,253],{"class":252},[53,72501,86],{"class":67},[53,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72505,2325],{"class":59},[53,72507,64],{"class":63},[53,72509,264],{"class":252},[53,72511,22398],{"class":256},[53,72513,3239],{"class":252},[53,72515,72516],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72517,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,72519,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,72521,6867],{"class":1558},[53,72523,21449],{"class":59},[53,72525,1565],{"class":63},[53,72527,1080],{"class":59},[53,72529,6265],{"class":67},[53,72531,72532,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,72533,72534],{"class":59},"    items",[53,72536,95],{"class":67},[53,72538,34658],{"class":98},[53,72540,102],{"class":67},[53,72542,2350],{"class":98},[53,72544,108],{"class":67},[53,72546,72547],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,72548,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,72550,72551,72553,72555,72557],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,72552,115],{"class":114},[53,72554,102],{"class":67},[53,72556,530],{"class":98},[53,72558,108],{"class":67},[14,72560,328],{},[44,72562,72564],{"className":46,"code":72563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72565,72566],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72567,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72569,338],{"class":67},[53,72571,341],{"class":252},[53,72573,257],{"class":256},[53,72575,341],{"class":252},[53,72577,75],{"class":67},[53,72579,350],{"class":252},[53,72581,267],{"class":256},[53,72583,341],{"class":252},[53,72585,75],{"class":67},[53,72587,350],{"class":252},[53,72589,292],{"class":256},[53,72591,341],{"class":252},[53,72593,86],{"class":67},[14,72595,72596,72597,72599],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72598,55253],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72601,72602,72603,95],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[183,72604,65566],{"href":72605},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[39,72607,72609],{"id":72608},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72611,72612,4269,72614,72616],{},[18,72613,55253],{},[18,72615,12629],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[140,72618,72619,72626,72632,72638],{},[143,72620,72621,72623,72624],{},[18,72622,55253],{}," deletes by ",[23,72625,2350],{},[143,72627,72628,72623,72630],{},[18,72629,12629],{},[23,72631,35711],{},[143,72633,72634,1129,72636],{},[18,72635,55253],{},[18,72637,232],{},[143,72639,72640,72642],{},[18,72641,12629],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72644,45903,72645,597],{},[18,72646,55253],{},[44,72648,72650],{"className":46,"code":72649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72651,72652,72684,72702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72653,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72655,516],{"class":59},[53,72657,64],{"class":63},[53,72659,68],{"class":67},[53,72661,253],{"class":252},[53,72663,257],{"class":256},[53,72665,253],{"class":252},[53,72667,75],{"class":67},[53,72669,264],{"class":252},[53,72671,267],{"class":256},[53,72673,253],{"class":252},[53,72675,75],{"class":67},[53,72677,264],{"class":252},[53,72679,292],{"class":256},[53,72681,253],{"class":252},[53,72683,86],{"class":67},[53,72685,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72687,530],{"class":59},[53,72689,95],{"class":67},[53,72691,34658],{"class":98},[53,72693,102],{"class":67},[53,72695,253],{"class":252},[53,72697,267],{"class":256},[53,72699,253],{"class":252},[53,72701,108],{"class":67},[53,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72705,115],{"class":114},[53,72707,102],{"class":67},[53,72709,530],{"class":98},[53,72711,108],{"class":67},[14,72713,328],{},[44,72715,72717],{"className":46,"code":72716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72718,72719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72720,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72722,338],{"class":67},[53,72724,341],{"class":252},[53,72726,257],{"class":256},[53,72728,341],{"class":252},[53,72730,75],{"class":67},[53,72732,350],{"class":252},[53,72734,292],{"class":256},[53,72736,341],{"class":252},[53,72738,86],{"class":67},[14,72740,45903,72741,597],{},[18,72742,12629],{},[44,72744,72746],{"className":46,"code":72745,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,72747,72748,72780,72799,72803,72813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72749,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72751,516],{"class":59},[53,72753,64],{"class":63},[53,72755,68],{"class":67},[53,72757,253],{"class":252},[53,72759,257],{"class":256},[53,72761,253],{"class":252},[53,72763,75],{"class":67},[53,72765,264],{"class":252},[53,72767,267],{"class":256},[53,72769,253],{"class":252},[53,72771,75],{"class":67},[53,72773,264],{"class":252},[53,72775,292],{"class":256},[53,72777,253],{"class":252},[53,72779,86],{"class":67},[53,72781,72782,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72783,72784],{"class":59},"removed_item ",[53,72786,64],{"class":63},[53,72788,1080],{"class":59},[53,72790,95],{"class":67},[53,72792,26106],{"class":98},[53,72794,102],{"class":67},[53,72796,72],{"class":71},[53,72798,108],{"class":67},[53,72800,72801],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72802,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,72804,72805,72807,72809,72811],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,72806,115],{"class":114},[53,72808,102],{"class":67},[53,72810,530],{"class":98},[53,72812,108],{"class":67},[53,72814,72815,72817,72819,72822],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,72816,115],{"class":114},[53,72818,102],{"class":67},[53,72820,72821],{"class":98},"removed_item",[53,72823,108],{"class":67},[14,72825,328],{},[44,72827,72829],{"className":46,"code":72828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,72830,72831,72851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72832,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72834,338],{"class":67},[53,72836,341],{"class":252},[53,72838,257],{"class":256},[53,72840,341],{"class":252},[53,72842,75],{"class":67},[53,72844,350],{"class":252},[53,72846,292],{"class":256},[53,72848,341],{"class":252},[53,72850,86],{"class":67},[53,72852,72853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72854,70133],{"class":59},[14,72856,131,72857,72859],{},[18,72858,55253],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72861,131,72862,72864],{},[18,72863,12629],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72866,72867,72868,95],{},"For more detail, see the ",[183,72869,72870],{"href":54803},"Python list pop() method",[39,72872,72874],{"id":72873},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72876,72877,4269,72879,72881],{},[18,72878,55253],{},[18,72880,26890],{}," are also different.",[140,72883,72884,72889,72894,72899],{},[143,72885,72886,72888],{},[18,72887,55253],{}," deletes by matching value",[143,72890,72891,72893],{},[18,72892,26890],{}," deletes by index or slice",[143,72895,131,72896,72898],{},[18,72897,26890],{}," when you know the position",[143,72900,131,72901,72903],{},[18,72902,55253],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72905,45903,72906,597],{},[18,72907,26890],{},[44,72909,72911],{"className":46,"code":72910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72912,72913,72945,72957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72914,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72916,516],{"class":59},[53,72918,64],{"class":63},[53,72920,68],{"class":67},[53,72922,253],{"class":252},[53,72924,257],{"class":256},[53,72926,253],{"class":252},[53,72928,75],{"class":67},[53,72930,264],{"class":252},[53,72932,267],{"class":256},[53,72934,253],{"class":252},[53,72936,75],{"class":67},[53,72938,264],{"class":252},[53,72940,292],{"class":256},[53,72942,253],{"class":252},[53,72944,86],{"class":67},[53,72946,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,72948,26890],{"class":1558},[53,72950,1080],{"class":59},[53,72952,338],{"class":67},[53,72954,72],{"class":71},[53,72956,86],{"class":67},[53,72958,72959,72961,72963,72965],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,72960,115],{"class":114},[53,72962,102],{"class":67},[53,72964,530],{"class":98},[53,72966,108],{"class":67},[14,72968,328],{},[44,72970,72971],{"className":46,"code":72716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,72972,72973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72974,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72976,338],{"class":67},[53,72978,341],{"class":252},[53,72980,257],{"class":256},[53,72982,341],{"class":252},[53,72984,75],{"class":67},[53,72986,350],{"class":252},[53,72988,292],{"class":256},[53,72990,341],{"class":252},[53,72992,86],{"class":67},[14,72994,72995,72996,72998,72999,73001],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,72997,72],{},", not the value ",[18,73000,65001],{}," directly.",[14,73003,73004,73005,95],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[183,73006,54792],{"href":54791},[39,73008,2709],{"id":2708},[14,73010,21076,73011,597],{},[18,73012,55253],{},[140,73014,73015,73018,73023,73030,73039],{},[143,73016,73017],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[143,73019,8319,73020,73022],{},[18,73021,55253],{}," to delete all matching values",[143,73024,12460,73025,73027,73028],{},[18,73026,55253],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73029,232],{},[143,73031,833,73032,44492,73034,2758,73036,73038],{},[18,73033,55253],{},[18,73035,12629],{},[18,73037,26890],{}," would be a better fit",[143,73040,73041],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73043,71233],{},[44,73045,73047],{"className":46,"code":73046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73048,73049,73059,73073,73091,73105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73050,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73052,115],{"class":114},[53,73054,102],{"class":67},[53,73056,203],{"class":98},[53,73058,108],{"class":67},[53,73060,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73062,115],{"class":114},[53,73064,102],{"class":67},[53,73066,2325],{"class":98},[53,73068,1565],{"class":1558},[53,73070,8262],{"class":98},[53,73072,108],{"class":67},[53,73074,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73076,115],{"class":114},[53,73078,102],{"class":67},[53,73080,203],{"class":98},[53,73082,95],{"class":67},[53,73084,41122],{"class":98},[53,73086,102],{"class":67},[53,73088,2350],{"class":98},[53,73090,1907],{"class":67},[53,73092,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,73094,115],{"class":114},[53,73096,102],{"class":67},[53,73098,3102],{"class":2782},[53,73100,102],{"class":67},[53,73102,203],{"class":98},[53,73104,1907],{"class":67},[53,73106,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,73108,32016],{"class":114},[53,73110,102],{"class":67},[53,73112,7961],{"class":2782},[53,73114,95],{"class":67},[53,73116,34658],{"class":24615},[53,73118,108],{"class":67},[14,73120,73121],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[140,73123,73124,73127,73130,73133],{},[143,73125,73126],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[143,73128,73129],{},"How many times does it appear?",[143,73131,73132],{},"Am I working with a list?",[143,73134,73135],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73137,73138,73139,73141],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[183,73140,71397],{"href":58690}," may also help.",[39,73143,1650],{"id":1649},[830,73145,73147],{"id":73146},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73149,73150],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[830,73152,73154],{"id":73153},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73156,5023,73157,73159],{},[18,73158,232],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[830,73161,73163],{"id":73162},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73165,73166,73167,73170,73171,95],{},"Check with ",[18,73168,73169],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73172,55253],{},[830,73174,73176],{"id":73175},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73178,131,73179,73181,73182,73184],{},[18,73180,55253],{}," for a value and ",[18,73183,12629],{}," for an index.",[39,73186,1782],{"id":1781},[140,73188,73189,73193,73197,73201,73205],{},[143,73190,73191],{},[183,73192,55239],{"href":54791},[143,73194,73195],{},[183,73196,72870],{"href":54803},[143,73198,73199],{},[183,73200,71397],{"href":58690},[143,73202,73203],{},[183,73204,65566],{"href":72605},[143,73206,73207],{},[183,73208,73210],{"href":73209},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1810,73212,73213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":73215},[73216,73217,73218,73219,73220,73221,73222,73223,73224,73225,73231],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":71542,"depth":89,"text":71543},{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190},{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":71995,"depth":89,"text":71996},{"id":65356,"depth":89,"text":65357},{"id":72608,"depth":89,"text":72609},{"id":72873,"depth":89,"text":72874},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":73226},[73227,73228,73229,73230],{"id":73146,"depth":111,"text":73147},{"id":73153,"depth":111,"text":73154},{"id":73162,"depth":111,"text":73163},{"id":73175,"depth":111,"text":73176},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71445,"description":73232},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73239,"title":73240,"body":73241,"description":75132,"extension":1841,"meta":75133,"navigation":301,"path":75134,"seo":75135,"stem":75136,"__hash__":75137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73242,"toc":75102},[73243,73249,73255,73258,73269,73271,73320,73325,73330,73334,73349,73351,73416,73418,73459,73461,73463,73478,73480,73491,73493,73550,73552,73585,73587,73590,73639,73641,73666,73668,73684,73690,73697,73758,73760,73793,73798,73801,73881,73883,73944,73950,73954,73957,74021,74023,74048,74050,74070,74072,74121,74123,74144,74153,74156,74160,74165,74210,74212,74233,74239,74244,74252,74316,74318,74355,74361,74365,74372,74437,74439,74476,74480,74497,74507,74512,74517,74528,74535,74537,74543,74566,74569,74596,74601,74604,74705,74707,74762,74765,74872,74874,74945,74948,74974,74976,74981,74985,74993,74998,75003,75009,75014,75018,75021,75038,75041,75061,75069,75071,75099],[10,73244,54066,73246,11190],{"id":73245},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73247,73248],{},"reverse()",[14,73250,73251,73254],{},[18,73252,73253],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73256,73257],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73259,73260,73261,73263,73264,73268],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73262,73248],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[183,73265,73267],{"href":73266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[39,73270,42],{"id":41},[44,73272,73274],{"className":46,"code":73273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73275,73276,73296,73307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73277,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73279,60],{"class":59},[53,73281,64],{"class":63},[53,73283,68],{"class":67},[53,73285,72],{"class":71},[53,73287,75],{"class":67},[53,73289,78],{"class":71},[53,73291,75],{"class":67},[53,73293,83],{"class":71},[53,73295,86],{"class":67},[53,73297,73298,73300,73302,73305],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73299,92],{"class":59},[53,73301,95],{"class":67},[53,73303,73304],{"class":98},"reverse",[53,73306,8510],{"class":67},[53,73308,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73310,115],{"class":114},[53,73312,102],{"class":67},[53,73314,92],{"class":98},[53,73316,3539],{"class":67},[53,73318,73319],{"class":127},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73321,73322,73324],{},[18,73323,73248],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[39,73326,3556,73328,3559],{"id":73327},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73329,73253],{},[14,73331,73332,597],{},[18,73333,73253],{},[140,73335,73336,73339,73342,73346],{},[143,73337,73338],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[143,73340,73341],{},"Changes the original list directly",[143,73343,11292,73344],{},[18,73345,232],{},[143,73347,73348],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73350,235],{},[44,73352,73354],{"className":46,"code":73353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73355,73356,73396,73406],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73357,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73359,1411],{"class":59},[53,73361,64],{"class":63},[53,73363,68],{"class":67},[53,73365,253],{"class":252},[53,73367,183],{"class":256},[53,73369,253],{"class":252},[53,73371,75],{"class":67},[53,73373,264],{"class":252},[53,73375,1453],{"class":256},[53,73377,253],{"class":252},[53,73379,75],{"class":67},[53,73381,264],{"class":252},[53,73383,1428],{"class":256},[53,73385,253],{"class":252},[53,73387,75],{"class":67},[53,73389,264],{"class":252},[53,73391,18632],{"class":256},[53,73393,253],{"class":252},[53,73395,86],{"class":67},[53,73397,73398,73400,73402,73404],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73399,1437],{"class":59},[53,73401,95],{"class":67},[53,73403,73304],{"class":98},[53,73405,8510],{"class":67},[53,73407,73408,73410,73412,73414],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73409,115],{"class":114},[53,73411,102],{"class":67},[53,73413,1437],{"class":98},[53,73415,108],{"class":67},[14,73417,328],{},[44,73419,73421],{"className":46,"code":73420,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73422,73423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73424,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73426,338],{"class":67},[53,73428,341],{"class":252},[53,73430,18632],{"class":256},[53,73432,341],{"class":252},[53,73434,75],{"class":67},[53,73436,350],{"class":252},[53,73438,1428],{"class":256},[53,73440,341],{"class":252},[53,73442,75],{"class":67},[53,73444,350],{"class":252},[53,73446,1453],{"class":256},[53,73448,341],{"class":252},[53,73450,75],{"class":67},[53,73452,350],{"class":252},[53,73454,183],{"class":256},[53,73456,341],{"class":252},[53,73458,86],{"class":67},[39,73460,2039],{"id":2038},[14,73462,2042],{},[44,73464,73466],{"className":46,"code":73465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73467,73468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73469,73470,73472,73474,73476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73471,203],{"class":59},[53,73473,95],{"class":67},[53,73475,73304],{"class":98},[53,73477,8510],{"class":67},[14,73479,12919],{},[140,73481,73482,73485,73488],{},[143,73483,73484],{},"No arguments are needed",[143,73486,73487],{},"You call it on an existing list",[143,73489,73490],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73492,235],{},[44,73494,73496],{"className":46,"code":73495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73497,73498,73530,73540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73501,398],{"class":59},[53,73503,64],{"class":63},[53,73505,68],{"class":67},[53,73507,253],{"class":252},[53,73509,407],{"class":256},[53,73511,253],{"class":252},[53,73513,75],{"class":67},[53,73515,264],{"class":252},[53,73517,436],{"class":256},[53,73519,253],{"class":252},[53,73521,75],{"class":67},[53,73523,264],{"class":252},[53,73525,416],{"class":256},[53,73527,253],{"class":252},[53,73529,86],{"class":67},[53,73531,73532,73534,73536,73538],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73533,425],{"class":59},[53,73535,95],{"class":67},[53,73537,73304],{"class":98},[53,73539,8510],{"class":67},[53,73541,73542,73544,73546,73548],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73543,115],{"class":114},[53,73545,102],{"class":67},[53,73547,425],{"class":98},[53,73549,108],{"class":67},[14,73551,328],{},[44,73553,73555],{"className":46,"code":73554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73556,73557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73558,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73560,338],{"class":67},[53,73562,341],{"class":252},[53,73564,416],{"class":256},[53,73566,341],{"class":252},[53,73568,75],{"class":67},[53,73570,350],{"class":252},[53,73572,436],{"class":256},[53,73574,341],{"class":252},[53,73576,75],{"class":67},[53,73578,350],{"class":252},[53,73580,407],{"class":256},[53,73582,341],{"class":252},[53,73584,86],{"class":67},[39,73586,385],{"id":384},[14,73588,73589],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[44,73591,73593],{"className":46,"code":73592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73594,73595,73619,73629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73596,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73598,60],{"class":59},[53,73600,64],{"class":63},[53,73602,68],{"class":67},[53,73604,539],{"class":71},[53,73606,75],{"class":67},[53,73608,7658],{"class":71},[53,73610,75],{"class":67},[53,73612,7663],{"class":71},[53,73614,75],{"class":67},[53,73616,50707],{"class":71},[53,73618,86],{"class":67},[53,73620,73621,73623,73625,73627],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73622,92],{"class":59},[53,73624,95],{"class":67},[53,73626,73304],{"class":98},[53,73628,8510],{"class":67},[53,73630,73631,73633,73635,73637],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73632,115],{"class":114},[53,73634,102],{"class":67},[53,73636,92],{"class":98},[53,73638,108],{"class":67},[14,73640,328],{},[44,73642,73644],{"className":46,"code":73643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73645,73646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73647,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73649,338],{"class":67},[53,73651,56417],{"class":71},[53,73653,75],{"class":67},[53,73655,7663],{"class":71},[53,73657,75],{"class":67},[53,73659,7658],{"class":71},[53,73661,75],{"class":67},[53,73663,5876],{"class":71},[53,73665,86],{"class":67},[14,73667,11551],{},[140,73669,73670,73676,73681],{},[143,73671,73672,73673],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73674,73675],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[143,73677,73678,73680],{},[18,73679,73248],{}," flips the order",[143,73682,73683],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[39,73685,73687,73689],{"id":73686},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73688,73248],{}," changes the original list",[14,73691,73692,73693,73696],{},"This method is ",[23,73694,73695],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[44,73698,73700],{"className":46,"code":73699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73701,73702,73734,73744,73748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73703,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73705,245],{"class":59},[53,73707,64],{"class":63},[53,73709,68],{"class":67},[53,73711,253],{"class":252},[53,73713,257],{"class":256},[53,73715,253],{"class":252},[53,73717,75],{"class":67},[53,73719,264],{"class":252},[53,73721,267],{"class":256},[53,73723,253],{"class":252},[53,73725,75],{"class":67},[53,73727,264],{"class":252},[53,73729,3971],{"class":256},[53,73731,253],{"class":252},[53,73733,86],{"class":67},[53,73735,73736,73738,73740,73742],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73737,311],{"class":59},[53,73739,95],{"class":67},[53,73741,73304],{"class":98},[53,73743,8510],{"class":67},[53,73745,73746],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73747,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,73749,73750,73752,73754,73756],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,73751,115],{"class":114},[53,73753,102],{"class":67},[53,73755,311],{"class":98},[53,73757,108],{"class":67},[14,73759,328],{},[44,73761,73763],{"className":46,"code":73762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73764,73765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73766,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73768,338],{"class":67},[53,73770,341],{"class":252},[53,73772,3971],{"class":256},[53,73774,341],{"class":252},[53,73776,75],{"class":67},[53,73778,350],{"class":252},[53,73780,267],{"class":256},[53,73782,341],{"class":252},[53,73784,75],{"class":67},[53,73786,350],{"class":252},[53,73788,257],{"class":256},[53,73790,341],{"class":252},[53,73792,86],{"class":67},[14,73794,131,73795,73797],{},[18,73796,73248],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73799,73800],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[44,73802,73804],{"className":46,"code":73803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,73805,73806,73838,73856,73860,73870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73807,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73809,245],{"class":59},[53,73811,64],{"class":63},[53,73813,68],{"class":67},[53,73815,253],{"class":252},[53,73817,257],{"class":256},[53,73819,253],{"class":252},[53,73821,75],{"class":67},[53,73823,264],{"class":252},[53,73825,267],{"class":256},[53,73827,253],{"class":252},[53,73829,75],{"class":67},[53,73831,264],{"class":252},[53,73833,3971],{"class":256},[53,73835,253],{"class":252},[53,73837,86],{"class":67},[53,73839,73840,73843,73845,73847,73850,73852,73854],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73841,73842],{"class":59},"reversed_fruits ",[53,73844,64],{"class":63},[53,73846,281],{"class":59},[53,73848,73849],{"class":67},"[::",[53,73851,1901],{"class":63},[53,73853,72],{"class":71},[53,73855,86],{"class":67},[53,73857,73858],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73859,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,73861,73862,73864,73866,73868],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,73863,115],{"class":114},[53,73865,102],{"class":67},[53,73867,311],{"class":98},[53,73869,108],{"class":67},[53,73871,73872,73874,73876,73879],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,73873,115],{"class":114},[53,73875,102],{"class":67},[53,73877,73878],{"class":98},"reversed_fruits",[53,73880,108],{"class":67},[14,73882,328],{},[44,73884,73886],{"className":46,"code":73885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73887,73888,73916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73889,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73891,338],{"class":67},[53,73893,341],{"class":252},[53,73895,257],{"class":256},[53,73897,341],{"class":252},[53,73899,75],{"class":67},[53,73901,350],{"class":252},[53,73903,267],{"class":256},[53,73905,341],{"class":252},[53,73907,75],{"class":67},[53,73909,350],{"class":252},[53,73911,3971],{"class":256},[53,73913,341],{"class":252},[53,73915,86],{"class":67},[53,73917,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73919,338],{"class":67},[53,73921,341],{"class":252},[53,73923,3971],{"class":256},[53,73925,341],{"class":252},[53,73927,75],{"class":67},[53,73929,350],{"class":252},[53,73931,267],{"class":256},[53,73933,341],{"class":252},[53,73935,75],{"class":67},[53,73937,350],{"class":252},[53,73939,257],{"class":256},[53,73941,341],{"class":252},[53,73943,86],{"class":67},[14,73945,73946,73947,95],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[183,73948,73949],{"href":73266},"Python list slicing explained",[39,73951,73953],{"id":73952},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73955,73956],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[44,73958,73960],{"className":46,"code":73959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73961,73962,73982,73996,74000,74011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73965,60],{"class":59},[53,73967,64],{"class":63},[53,73969,68],{"class":67},[53,73971,72],{"class":71},[53,73973,75],{"class":67},[53,73975,78],{"class":71},[53,73977,75],{"class":67},[53,73979,83],{"class":71},[53,73981,86],{"class":67},[53,73983,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,73985,55614],{"class":59},[53,73987,64],{"class":63},[53,73989,4138],{"class":59},[53,73991,95],{"class":67},[53,73993,73304],{"class":98},[53,73995,8510],{"class":67},[53,73997,73998],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,73999,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74001,74002,74004,74006,74009],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74003,115],{"class":114},[53,74005,102],{"class":67},[53,74007,74008],{"class":98},"new_list",[53,74010,108],{"class":67},[53,74012,74013,74015,74017,74019],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74014,115],{"class":114},[53,74016,102],{"class":67},[53,74018,92],{"class":98},[53,74020,108],{"class":67},[14,74022,328],{},[44,74024,74026],{"className":46,"code":74025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74027,74028,74032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74029,74030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74031,370],{"class":369},[53,74033,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74035,338],{"class":67},[53,74037,754],{"class":71},[53,74039,75],{"class":67},[53,74041,78],{"class":71},[53,74043,75],{"class":67},[53,74045,5371],{"class":71},[53,74047,86],{"class":67},[14,74049,1117],{},[140,74051,74052,74060,74064],{},[143,74053,74054,74056,74057,74059],{},[18,74055,73248],{}," changes ",[18,74058,92],{}," directly",[143,74061,40768,74062,71566],{},[23,74063,36],{},[143,74065,1134,74066,717,74068],{},[18,74067,74008],{},[18,74069,232],{},[14,74071,61624],{},[44,74073,74075],{"className":46,"code":74074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74076,74077,74097,74107,74111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74078,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74080,60],{"class":59},[53,74082,64],{"class":63},[53,74084,68],{"class":67},[53,74086,72],{"class":71},[53,74088,75],{"class":67},[53,74090,78],{"class":71},[53,74092,75],{"class":67},[53,74094,83],{"class":71},[53,74096,86],{"class":67},[53,74098,74099,74101,74103,74105],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74100,92],{"class":59},[53,74102,95],{"class":67},[53,74104,73304],{"class":98},[53,74106,8510],{"class":67},[53,74108,74109],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74110,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74112,74113,74115,74117,74119],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74114,115],{"class":114},[53,74116,102],{"class":67},[53,74118,92],{"class":98},[53,74120,108],{"class":67},[14,74122,328],{},[44,74124,74126],{"className":46,"code":74125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74127,74128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74129,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74131,338],{"class":67},[53,74133,754],{"class":71},[53,74135,75],{"class":67},[53,74137,78],{"class":71},[53,74139,75],{"class":67},[53,74141,5371],{"class":71},[53,74143,86],{"class":67},[39,74145,74147,10452,74149,74152],{"id":74146},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74148,73248],{},[18,74150,74151],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74154,74155],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[830,74157,74158],{"id":73304},[18,74159,73248],{},[14,74161,74162,74164],{},[18,74163,73248],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[44,74166,74168],{"className":46,"code":74167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74169,74170,74190,74200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74171,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74173,60],{"class":59},[53,74175,64],{"class":63},[53,74177,68],{"class":67},[53,74179,754],{"class":71},[53,74181,75],{"class":67},[53,74183,5371],{"class":71},[53,74185,75],{"class":67},[53,74187,78],{"class":71},[53,74189,86],{"class":67},[53,74191,74192,74194,74196,74198],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74193,92],{"class":59},[53,74195,95],{"class":67},[53,74197,73304],{"class":98},[53,74199,8510],{"class":67},[53,74201,74202,74204,74206,74208],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74203,115],{"class":114},[53,74205,102],{"class":67},[53,74207,92],{"class":98},[53,74209,108],{"class":67},[14,74211,328],{},[44,74213,74215],{"className":46,"code":74214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74216,74217],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74218,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74220,338],{"class":67},[53,74222,1937],{"class":71},[53,74224,75],{"class":67},[53,74226,5371],{"class":71},[53,74228,75],{"class":67},[53,74230,83],{"class":71},[53,74232,86],{"class":67},[14,74234,74235,74236,74238],{},"Notice that this is ",[23,74237,36],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[830,74240,74242],{"id":74241},"sorted",[18,74243,74151],{},[14,74245,74246,74251],{},[183,74247,74249],{"href":74248},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74250,74151],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[44,74253,74255],{"className":46,"code":74254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74256,74257,74277,74292,74296,74306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74258,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74260,60],{"class":59},[53,74262,64],{"class":63},[53,74264,68],{"class":67},[53,74266,754],{"class":71},[53,74268,75],{"class":67},[53,74270,5371],{"class":71},[53,74272,75],{"class":67},[53,74274,78],{"class":71},[53,74276,86],{"class":67},[53,74278,74279,74281,74283,74286,74288,74290],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74280,276],{"class":59},[53,74282,64],{"class":63},[53,74284,74285],{"class":114}," sorted",[53,74287,102],{"class":67},[53,74289,92],{"class":98},[53,74291,108],{"class":67},[53,74293,74294],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74295,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74297,74298,74300,74302,74304],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74299,115],{"class":114},[53,74301,102],{"class":67},[53,74303,92],{"class":98},[53,74305,108],{"class":67},[53,74307,74308,74310,74312,74314],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74309,115],{"class":114},[53,74311,102],{"class":67},[53,74313,323],{"class":98},[53,74315,108],{"class":67},[14,74317,328],{},[44,74319,74321],{"className":46,"code":74320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74322,74323,74339],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74324,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74326,338],{"class":67},[53,74328,754],{"class":71},[53,74330,75],{"class":67},[53,74332,5371],{"class":71},[53,74334,75],{"class":67},[53,74336,78],{"class":71},[53,74338,86],{"class":67},[53,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74342,338],{"class":67},[53,74344,72],{"class":71},[53,74346,75],{"class":67},[53,74348,78],{"class":71},[53,74350,75],{"class":67},[53,74352,83],{"class":71},[53,74354,86],{"class":67},[14,74356,74357,74358,95],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74359,74360],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[830,74362,74364],{"id":74363},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74366,74367,74368,74371],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74369,74370],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[44,74373,74375],{"className":46,"code":74374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74376,74377,74397,74413,74417,74427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74378,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74380,60],{"class":59},[53,74382,64],{"class":63},[53,74384,68],{"class":67},[53,74386,754],{"class":71},[53,74388,75],{"class":67},[53,74390,5371],{"class":71},[53,74392,75],{"class":67},[53,74394,78],{"class":71},[53,74396,86],{"class":67},[53,74398,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74400,276],{"class":59},[53,74402,64],{"class":63},[53,74404,4138],{"class":59},[53,74406,73849],{"class":67},[53,74408,1901],{"class":63},[53,74410,72],{"class":71},[53,74412,86],{"class":67},[53,74414,74415],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74416,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74418,74419,74421,74423,74425],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74420,115],{"class":114},[53,74422,102],{"class":67},[53,74424,92],{"class":98},[53,74426,108],{"class":67},[53,74428,74429,74431,74433,74435],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74430,115],{"class":114},[53,74432,102],{"class":67},[53,74434,323],{"class":98},[53,74436,108],{"class":67},[14,74438,328],{},[44,74440,74442],{"className":46,"code":74441,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74443,74444,74460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74445,74446,74448,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74447,338],{"class":67},[53,74449,754],{"class":71},[53,74451,75],{"class":67},[53,74453,5371],{"class":71},[53,74455,75],{"class":67},[53,74457,78],{"class":71},[53,74459,86],{"class":67},[53,74461,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74463,338],{"class":67},[53,74465,1937],{"class":71},[53,74467,75],{"class":67},[53,74469,5371],{"class":71},[53,74471,75],{"class":67},[53,74473,83],{"class":71},[53,74475,86],{"class":67},[830,74477,74479],{"id":74478},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[140,74481,74482,74487,74492],{},[143,74483,131,74484,74486],{},[18,74485,73248],{}," when you want to change the original list",[143,74488,131,74489,74491],{},[18,74490,74370],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[143,74493,131,74494,74496],{},[18,74495,74151],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74498,74499,74500,74506],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[183,74501,74503,74504,10608],{"href":74502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74505,64038],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[39,74508,4835,74510],{"id":74509},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74511,73248],{},[14,74513,74514,74516],{},[18,74515,73248],{}," is a good choice:",[140,74518,74519,74522,74525],{},[143,74520,74521],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[143,74523,74524],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[143,74526,74527],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74529,74530,74531,95],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[183,74532,74534],{"href":74533},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[39,74536,2709],{"id":2708},[14,74538,74539,74540,74542],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74541,73248],{}," for these reasons:",[140,74544,74545,74549,74554,74559],{},[143,74546,12460,74547,12463],{},[18,74548,73248],{},[143,74550,8319,74551,74553],{},[18,74552,73248],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[143,74555,833,74556,74558],{},[18,74557,73248],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[143,74560,37066,74561,8572,74563],{},[18,74562,73248],{},[18,74564,74565],{},"reversed()",[14,74567,74568],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[44,74570,74572],{"className":46,"code":74571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74573,74574,74586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74575,74576,74578,74580,74582,74584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74577,34551],{"class":59},[53,74579,64],{"class":63},[53,74581,264],{"class":252},[53,74583,556],{"class":256},[53,74585,3239],{"class":252},[53,74587,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74589,34572],{"class":59},[53,74591,95],{"class":67},[53,74593,73304],{"class":98},[53,74595,8510],{"class":67},[14,74597,74598,74599,33464],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74600,73248],{},[14,74602,74603],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[44,74605,74607],{"className":46,"code":74606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74608,74609,74629,74633,74643,74657,74661,74675,74685,74689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74610,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74612,8176],{"class":59},[53,74614,64],{"class":63},[53,74616,68],{"class":67},[53,74618,72],{"class":71},[53,74620,75],{"class":67},[53,74622,78],{"class":71},[53,74624,75],{"class":67},[53,74626,83],{"class":71},[53,74628,86],{"class":67},[53,74630,74631],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74632,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74634,74635,74637,74639,74641],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74636,115],{"class":114},[53,74638,102],{"class":67},[53,74640,203],{"class":98},[53,74642,108],{"class":67},[53,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74646,115],{"class":114},[53,74648,102],{"class":67},[53,74650,3102],{"class":2782},[53,74652,102],{"class":67},[53,74654,203],{"class":98},[53,74656,1907],{"class":67},[53,74658,74659],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74660,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,74664,276],{"class":59},[53,74666,64],{"class":63},[53,74668,8262],{"class":59},[53,74670,95],{"class":67},[53,74672,73304],{"class":98},[53,74674,8510],{"class":67},[53,74676,74677,74679,74681,74683],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,74678,115],{"class":114},[53,74680,102],{"class":67},[53,74682,323],{"class":98},[53,74684,108],{"class":67},[53,74686,74687],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,74688,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74690,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,74692,115],{"class":114},[53,74694,102],{"class":67},[53,74696,203],{"class":98},[53,74698,73849],{"class":67},[53,74700,1901],{"class":63},[53,74702,72],{"class":71},[53,74704,632],{"class":67},[14,74706,328],{},[44,74708,74710],{"className":46,"code":74709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74711,74712,74728,74742,74746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74715,338],{"class":67},[53,74717,72],{"class":71},[53,74719,75],{"class":67},[53,74721,78],{"class":71},[53,74723,75],{"class":67},[53,74725,83],{"class":71},[53,74727,86],{"class":67},[53,74729,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74731,3171],{"class":63},[53,74733,3174],{"class":1945},[53,74735,350],{"class":252},[53,74737,7961],{"class":256},[53,74739,341],{"class":252},[53,74741,3183],{"class":63},[53,74743,74744],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74745,370],{"class":369},[53,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74749,338],{"class":67},[53,74751,72],{"class":71},[53,74753,75],{"class":67},[53,74755,78],{"class":71},[53,74757,75],{"class":67},[53,74759,5371],{"class":71},[53,74761,86],{"class":67},[14,74763,74764],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[44,74766,74768],{"className":46,"code":74767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74769,74770,74790,74794,74804,74818,74822,74836,74846,74856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74773,8176],{"class":59},[53,74775,64],{"class":63},[53,74777,68],{"class":67},[53,74779,72],{"class":71},[53,74781,75],{"class":67},[53,74783,78],{"class":71},[53,74785,75],{"class":67},[53,74787,83],{"class":71},[53,74789,86],{"class":67},[53,74791,74792],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74793,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74797,115],{"class":114},[53,74799,102],{"class":67},[53,74801,203],{"class":98},[53,74803,108],{"class":67},[53,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74807,115],{"class":114},[53,74809,102],{"class":67},[53,74811,3102],{"class":2782},[53,74813,102],{"class":67},[53,74815,203],{"class":98},[53,74817,1907],{"class":67},[53,74819,74820],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74821,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,74823,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,74825,276],{"class":59},[53,74827,64],{"class":63},[53,74829,8262],{"class":59},[53,74831,95],{"class":67},[53,74833,73304],{"class":98},[53,74835,8510],{"class":67},[53,74837,74838,74840,74842,74844],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,74839,115],{"class":114},[53,74841,102],{"class":67},[53,74843,323],{"class":98},[53,74845,108],{"class":67},[53,74847,74848,74850,74852,74854],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,74849,115],{"class":114},[53,74851,102],{"class":67},[53,74853,203],{"class":98},[53,74855,108],{"class":67},[53,74857,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,74859,115],{"class":114},[53,74861,102],{"class":67},[53,74863,203],{"class":98},[53,74865,73849],{"class":67},[53,74867,1901],{"class":63},[53,74869,72],{"class":71},[53,74871,632],{"class":67},[14,74873,328],{},[44,74875,74877],{"className":46,"code":74876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74878,74879,74895,74909,74913,74929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74880,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74882,338],{"class":67},[53,74884,72],{"class":71},[53,74886,75],{"class":67},[53,74888,78],{"class":71},[53,74890,75],{"class":67},[53,74892,83],{"class":71},[53,74894,86],{"class":67},[53,74896,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,74898,3171],{"class":63},[53,74900,3174],{"class":1945},[53,74902,350],{"class":252},[53,74904,7961],{"class":256},[53,74906,341],{"class":252},[53,74908,3183],{"class":63},[53,74910,74911],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,74912,370],{"class":369},[53,74914,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,74916,338],{"class":67},[53,74918,754],{"class":71},[53,74920,75],{"class":67},[53,74922,78],{"class":71},[53,74924,75],{"class":67},[53,74926,5371],{"class":71},[53,74928,86],{"class":67},[53,74930,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,74932,338],{"class":67},[53,74934,72],{"class":71},[53,74936,75],{"class":67},[53,74938,78],{"class":71},[53,74940,75],{"class":67},[53,74942,83],{"class":71},[53,74944,86],{"class":67},[14,74946,74947],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[140,74949,74950,74959,74968],{},[143,74951,27661,74952,74955,74956],{},[18,74953,74954],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,74957,74958],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[143,74960,11781,74961,74964,74965,22425],{},[18,74962,74963],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[23,74966,74967],{},"current",[143,74969,74970,74971],{},"So it prints ",[18,74972,74973],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[39,74975,1650],{"id":1649},[830,74977,12570,74979,55193],{"id":74978},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,74980,73253],{},[14,74982,62329,74983,95],{},[18,74984,232],{},[830,74986,34069,74988,34072,74990,2370],{"id":74987},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,74989,73248],{},[18,74991,74992],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,74994,74995,74997],{},[18,74996,73248],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,74999,75000,75002],{},[18,75001,74992],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[830,75004,28194,75006,75008],{"id":75005},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75007,73248],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75010,1657,75011,75013],{},[18,75012,73248],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[830,75015,75017],{"id":75016},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75019,75020],{},"Use slicing:",[44,75022,75024],{"className":46,"code":75023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75025,75026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75027,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75029,203],{"class":59},[53,75031,73849],{"class":67},[53,75033,1901],{"class":63},[53,75035,72],{"class":71},[53,75037,86],{"class":67},[14,75039,75040],{},"Or use:",[44,75042,75044],{"className":46,"code":75043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75045,75046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75047,75048,75050,75052,75055,75057,75059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75049,7961],{"class":2782},[53,75051,102],{"class":67},[53,75053,75054],{"class":114},"reversed",[53,75056,102],{"class":67},[53,75058,203],{"class":98},[53,75060,1907],{"class":67},[14,75062,75063,75064,75068],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[183,75065,55244,75066],{"href":54684},[18,75067,12643],{}," can also help.",[39,75070,1782],{"id":1781},[140,75072,75073,75079,75085,75089,75093],{},[143,75074,75075],{},[183,75076,55244,75077,10608],{"href":74502},[18,75078,64038],{},[143,75080,75081],{},[183,75082,3457,75083,3390],{"href":74248},[18,75084,74151],{},[143,75086,75087],{},[183,75088,74534],{"href":74533},[143,75090,75091],{},[183,75092,73949],{"href":73266},[143,75094,75095],{},[183,75096,55244,75097,10608],{"href":54684},[18,75098,12643],{},[1810,75100,75101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":75103},[75104,75105,75107,75108,75109,75111,75112,75119,75121,75122,75131],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":73327,"depth":89,"text":75106},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":73686,"depth":89,"text":75110},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73952,"depth":89,"text":73953},{"id":74146,"depth":89,"text":75113,"children":75114},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75115,75116,75117,75118],{"id":73304,"depth":111,"text":73248},{"id":74241,"depth":111,"text":74151},{"id":74363,"depth":111,"text":74364},{"id":74478,"depth":111,"text":74479},{"id":74509,"depth":89,"text":75120},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":75123},[75124,75126,75128,75130],{"id":74978,"depth":111,"text":75125},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74987,"depth":111,"text":75127},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75005,"depth":111,"text":75129},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75016,"depth":111,"text":75017},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73240,"description":75132},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75139,"title":75140,"body":75141,"description":77574,"extension":1841,"meta":77575,"navigation":301,"path":77576,"seo":77577,"stem":77578,"__hash__":77579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75142,"toc":77542},[75143,75146,75158,75161,75184,75192,75194,75306,75315,75319,75322,75325,75412,75414,75447,75449,75472,75478,75482,75485,75507,75509,75526,75529,75549,75551,75661,75663,75740,75744,75747,75790,75792,75925,75927,76029,76034,76038,76041,76043,76057,76060,76174,76176,76250,76252,76280,76284,76289,76319,76322,76448,76450,76532,76538,76542,76544,76583,76592,76596,76599,76603,76650,76652,76660,76664,76715,76717,76730,76732,76746,76749,76757,76759,76806,76808,76816,76819,76862,76867,76870,76873,76896,76900,76951,76954,76975,76985,76989,76991,77021,77024,77047,77051,77054,77121,77123,77160,77163,77171,77238,77240,77277,77283,77290,77294,77297,77327,77332,77336,77339,77363,77366,77460,77470,77472,77476,77479,77483,77486,77491,77494,77500,77503,77505,77533,77539],[10,75144,75140],{"id":75145},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75147,75148,75149,2072,75151,16937,75154,75157],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75150,35938],{},[18,75152,75153],{},"stop",[18,75155,75156],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75159,75160],{},"The basic slice form is:",[44,75162,75164],{"className":46,"code":75163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75165,75166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75167,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75169,203],{"class":59},[53,75171,338],{"class":67},[53,75173,35938],{"class":59},[53,75175,597],{"class":67},[53,75177,75153],{"class":59},[53,75179,597],{"class":67},[53,75181,75156],{"class":59},[53,75183,86],{"class":67},[14,75185,75186,75187,75189,75190,95],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75188,75153],{}," position is ",[23,75191,64796],{},[39,75193,1882],{"id":1881},[44,75195,75197],{"className":46,"code":75196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75198,75199,75227,75231,75252,75270,75287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75200,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75202,60],{"class":59},[53,75204,64],{"class":63},[53,75206,68],{"class":67},[53,75208,539],{"class":71},[53,75210,75],{"class":67},[53,75212,7658],{"class":71},[53,75214,75],{"class":67},[53,75216,7663],{"class":71},[53,75218,75],{"class":67},[53,75220,50707],{"class":71},[53,75222,75],{"class":67},[53,75224,4955],{"class":71},[53,75226,86],{"class":67},[53,75228,75229],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75230,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,75232,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75234,115],{"class":114},[53,75236,102],{"class":67},[53,75238,92],{"class":98},[53,75240,338],{"class":67},[53,75242,72],{"class":71},[53,75244,597],{"class":67},[53,75246,105],{"class":71},[53,75248,20310],{"class":67},[53,75250,75251],{"class":127},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[53,75253,75254,75256,75258,75260,75263,75265,75267],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75255,115],{"class":114},[53,75257,102],{"class":67},[53,75259,92],{"class":98},[53,75261,75262],{"class":67},"[:",[53,75264,754],{"class":71},[53,75266,20310],{"class":67},[53,75268,75269],{"class":127},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[53,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,75273,115],{"class":114},[53,75275,102],{"class":67},[53,75277,92],{"class":98},[53,75279,73849],{"class":67},[53,75281,1937],{"class":71},[53,75283,20310],{"class":67},[53,75285,75286],{"class":127},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[53,75288,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,75290,115],{"class":114},[53,75292,102],{"class":67},[53,75294,92],{"class":98},[53,75296,73849],{"class":67},[53,75298,1901],{"class":63},[53,75300,72],{"class":71},[53,75302,20310],{"class":67},[53,75304,75305],{"class":127},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75307,131,75308,75311,75312,75314],{},[18,75309,75310],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75313,75153],{}," value is not included.",[39,75316,75318],{"id":75317},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75320,75321],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75323,75324],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[44,75326,75328],{"className":46,"code":75327,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75329,75330,75378,75382,75401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75331,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75333,1411],{"class":59},[53,75335,64],{"class":63},[53,75337,68],{"class":67},[53,75339,253],{"class":252},[53,75341,183],{"class":256},[53,75343,253],{"class":252},[53,75345,75],{"class":67},[53,75347,264],{"class":252},[53,75349,1453],{"class":256},[53,75351,253],{"class":252},[53,75353,75],{"class":67},[53,75355,264],{"class":252},[53,75357,1428],{"class":256},[53,75359,253],{"class":252},[53,75361,75],{"class":67},[53,75363,264],{"class":252},[53,75365,18632],{"class":256},[53,75367,253],{"class":252},[53,75369,75],{"class":67},[53,75371,264],{"class":252},[53,75373,60173],{"class":256},[53,75375,253],{"class":252},[53,75377,86],{"class":67},[53,75379,75380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75381,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,75383,75384,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75385,75386],{"class":59},"part ",[53,75388,64],{"class":63},[53,75390,69823],{"class":59},[53,75392,338],{"class":67},[53,75394,72],{"class":71},[53,75396,597],{"class":67},[53,75398,105],{"class":71},[53,75400,86],{"class":67},[53,75402,75403,75405,75407,75410],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75404,115],{"class":114},[53,75406,102],{"class":67},[53,75408,75409],{"class":98},"part",[53,75411,108],{"class":67},[14,75413,328],{},[44,75415,75417],{"className":46,"code":75416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75418,75419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75420,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75422,338],{"class":67},[53,75424,341],{"class":252},[53,75426,1453],{"class":256},[53,75428,341],{"class":252},[53,75430,75],{"class":67},[53,75432,350],{"class":252},[53,75434,1428],{"class":256},[53,75436,341],{"class":252},[53,75438,75],{"class":67},[53,75440,350],{"class":252},[53,75442,18632],{"class":256},[53,75444,341],{"class":252},[53,75446,86],{"class":67},[14,75448,12919],{},[140,75450,75451,75454,75457,75463,75469],{},[143,75452,75453],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[143,75455,75456],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[143,75458,75459,75460],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75461,75462],{},"list[start:stop]",[143,75464,75465,75466,75468],{},"The item at ",[18,75467,75153],{}," is not included",[143,75470,75471],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75473,75474,75475,95],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[183,75476,75477],{"href":185},"beginner guide to Python lists",[39,75479,75481],{"id":75480},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75483,75484],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[44,75486,75487],{"className":46,"code":75163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,75488,75489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75490,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75492,203],{"class":59},[53,75494,338],{"class":67},[53,75496,35938],{"class":59},[53,75498,597],{"class":67},[53,75500,75153],{"class":59},[53,75502,597],{"class":67},[53,75504,75156],{"class":59},[53,75506,86],{"class":67},[14,75508,64772],{},[140,75510,75511,75516,75521],{},[143,75512,75513,75515],{},[18,75514,35938],{}," is where slicing begins",[143,75517,75518,75520],{},[18,75519,75153],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[143,75522,75523,75525],{},[18,75524,75156],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75527,75528],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[140,75530,75531,75537,75542],{},[143,75532,75533,75534,75536],{},"Missing ",[18,75535,35938],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[143,75538,75533,75539,75541],{},[18,75540,75153],{}," means go to the end of the list",[143,75543,75533,75544,75546,75547],{},[18,75545,75156],{}," means use ",[18,75548,72],{},[14,75550,235],{},[44,75552,75554],{"className":46,"code":75553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75555,75556,75584,75588,75609,75626,75644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75557,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75559,60],{"class":59},[53,75561,64],{"class":63},[53,75563,68],{"class":67},[53,75565,539],{"class":71},[53,75567,75],{"class":67},[53,75569,7658],{"class":71},[53,75571,75],{"class":67},[53,75573,7663],{"class":71},[53,75575,75],{"class":67},[53,75577,50707],{"class":71},[53,75579,75],{"class":67},[53,75581,4955],{"class":71},[53,75583,86],{"class":67},[53,75585,75586],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,75589,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75591,115],{"class":114},[53,75593,102],{"class":67},[53,75595,92],{"class":98},[53,75597,338],{"class":67},[53,75599,72],{"class":71},[53,75601,597],{"class":67},[53,75603,105],{"class":71},[53,75605,20310],{"class":67},[53,75607,75608],{"class":127},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[53,75610,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75612,115],{"class":114},[53,75614,102],{"class":67},[53,75616,92],{"class":98},[53,75618,75262],{"class":67},[53,75620,754],{"class":71},[53,75622,20310],{"class":67},[53,75624,75625],{"class":127},"    # start from the beginning\n",[53,75627,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75641],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,75629,115],{"class":114},[53,75631,102],{"class":67},[53,75633,92],{"class":98},[53,75635,338],{"class":67},[53,75637,1937],{"class":71},[53,75639,75640],{"class":67},":])",[53,75642,75643],{"class":127},"    # go to the end\n",[53,75645,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,75647,115],{"class":114},[53,75649,102],{"class":67},[53,75651,92],{"class":98},[53,75653,73849],{"class":67},[53,75655,72],{"class":71},[53,75657,20310],{"class":67},[53,75659,75660],{"class":127},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75662,328],{},[44,75664,75666],{"className":46,"code":75665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75667,75668,75684,75700,75716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75669,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75671,338],{"class":67},[53,75673,15618],{"class":71},[53,75675,75],{"class":67},[53,75677,7663],{"class":71},[53,75679,75],{"class":67},[53,75681,50707],{"class":71},[53,75683,86],{"class":67},[53,75685,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75687,338],{"class":67},[53,75689,539],{"class":71},[53,75691,75],{"class":67},[53,75693,7658],{"class":71},[53,75695,75],{"class":67},[53,75697,7663],{"class":71},[53,75699,86],{"class":67},[53,75701,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75703,338],{"class":67},[53,75705,36703],{"class":71},[53,75707,75],{"class":67},[53,75709,50707],{"class":71},[53,75711,75],{"class":67},[53,75713,4955],{"class":71},[53,75715,86],{"class":67},[53,75717,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75719,338],{"class":67},[53,75721,539],{"class":71},[53,75723,75],{"class":67},[53,75725,7658],{"class":71},[53,75727,75],{"class":67},[53,75729,7663],{"class":71},[53,75731,75],{"class":67},[53,75733,50707],{"class":71},[53,75735,75],{"class":67},[53,75737,4955],{"class":71},[53,75739,86],{"class":67},[39,75741,75743],{"id":75742},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75745,75746],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[140,75748,75749,75758,75767,75778,75784],{},[143,75750,75751,75754,75755,1080],{},[18,75752,75753],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75756,75757],{},"n",[143,75759,75760,75763,75764,75766],{},[18,75761,75762],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75765,75757],{}," to the end",[143,75768,75769,75772,75773,75775,75776],{},[18,75770,75771],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75774,183],{}," up to ",[18,75777,1453],{},[143,75779,75780,75783],{},[18,75781,75782],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[143,75785,75786,75789],{},[18,75787,75788],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75791,235],{},[44,75793,75795],{"className":46,"code":75794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,75796,75797,75830,75834,75851,75868,75889,75906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75798,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75800,60],{"class":59},[53,75802,64],{"class":63},[53,75804,68],{"class":67},[53,75806,539],{"class":71},[53,75808,75],{"class":67},[53,75810,7658],{"class":71},[53,75812,75],{"class":67},[53,75814,7663],{"class":71},[53,75816,75],{"class":67},[53,75818,50707],{"class":71},[53,75820,75],{"class":67},[53,75822,4955],{"class":71},[53,75824,75],{"class":67},[53,75826,75827],{"class":71}," 60",[53,75829,86],{"class":67},[53,75831,75832],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75833,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75837,115],{"class":114},[53,75839,102],{"class":67},[53,75841,92],{"class":98},[53,75843,75262],{"class":67},[53,75845,754],{"class":71},[53,75847,20310],{"class":67},[53,75849,75850],{"class":127},"    # first 3 items\n",[53,75852,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75854,115],{"class":114},[53,75856,102],{"class":67},[53,75858,92],{"class":98},[53,75860,338],{"class":67},[53,75862,754],{"class":71},[53,75864,75640],{"class":67},[53,75866,75867],{"class":127},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[53,75869,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,75871,115],{"class":114},[53,75873,102],{"class":67},[53,75875,92],{"class":98},[53,75877,338],{"class":67},[53,75879,72],{"class":71},[53,75881,597],{"class":67},[53,75883,2017],{"class":71},[53,75885,20310],{"class":67},[53,75887,75888],{"class":127},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[53,75890,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,75892,115],{"class":114},[53,75894,102],{"class":67},[53,75896,92],{"class":98},[53,75898,73849],{"class":67},[53,75900,1937],{"class":71},[53,75902,20310],{"class":67},[53,75904,75905],{"class":127},"   # every second item\n",[53,75907,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,75909,115],{"class":114},[53,75911,102],{"class":67},[53,75913,92],{"class":98},[53,75915,73849],{"class":67},[53,75917,1901],{"class":63},[53,75919,72],{"class":71},[53,75921,20310],{"class":67},[53,75923,75924],{"class":127},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75926,328],{},[44,75928,75930],{"className":46,"code":75929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75931,75932,75948,75964,75984,76000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75933,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75935,338],{"class":67},[53,75937,539],{"class":71},[53,75939,75],{"class":67},[53,75941,7658],{"class":71},[53,75943,75],{"class":67},[53,75945,7663],{"class":71},[53,75947,86],{"class":67},[53,75949,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,75951,338],{"class":67},[53,75953,56417],{"class":71},[53,75955,75],{"class":67},[53,75957,4955],{"class":71},[53,75959,75],{"class":67},[53,75961,75827],{"class":71},[53,75963,86],{"class":67},[53,75965,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,75967,338],{"class":67},[53,75969,15618],{"class":71},[53,75971,75],{"class":67},[53,75973,7663],{"class":71},[53,75975,75],{"class":67},[53,75977,50707],{"class":71},[53,75979,75],{"class":67},[53,75981,4955],{"class":71},[53,75983,86],{"class":67},[53,75985,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,75987,338],{"class":67},[53,75989,539],{"class":71},[53,75991,75],{"class":67},[53,75993,7663],{"class":71},[53,75995,75],{"class":67},[53,75997,4955],{"class":71},[53,75999,86],{"class":67},[53,76001,76002,76004,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,76003,338],{"class":67},[53,76005,76006],{"class":71},"60",[53,76008,75],{"class":67},[53,76010,4955],{"class":71},[53,76012,75],{"class":67},[53,76014,50707],{"class":71},[53,76016,75],{"class":67},[53,76018,7663],{"class":71},[53,76020,75],{"class":67},[53,76022,7658],{"class":71},[53,76024,75],{"class":67},[53,76026,5876],{"class":71},[53,76028,86],{"class":67},[14,76030,76031,76032,95],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[183,76033,14751],{"href":56944},[39,76035,76037],{"id":76036},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76039,76040],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76042,5345],{},[140,76044,76045,76051],{},[143,76046,76047,76050],{},[18,76048,76049],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[143,76052,76053,76056],{},[18,76054,76055],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76058,76059],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[44,76061,76063],{"className":46,"code":76062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76064,76065,76113,76117,76136,76155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76066,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76068,1411],{"class":59},[53,76070,64],{"class":63},[53,76072,68],{"class":67},[53,76074,253],{"class":252},[53,76076,183],{"class":256},[53,76078,253],{"class":252},[53,76080,75],{"class":67},[53,76082,264],{"class":252},[53,76084,1453],{"class":256},[53,76086,253],{"class":252},[53,76088,75],{"class":67},[53,76090,264],{"class":252},[53,76092,1428],{"class":256},[53,76094,253],{"class":252},[53,76096,75],{"class":67},[53,76098,264],{"class":252},[53,76100,18632],{"class":256},[53,76102,253],{"class":252},[53,76104,75],{"class":67},[53,76106,264],{"class":252},[53,76108,60173],{"class":256},[53,76110,253],{"class":252},[53,76112,86],{"class":67},[53,76114,76115],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76116,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76118,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76120,115],{"class":114},[53,76122,102],{"class":67},[53,76124,1437],{"class":98},[53,76126,338],{"class":67},[53,76128,1901],{"class":63},[53,76130,72],{"class":71},[53,76132,20310],{"class":67},[53,76134,76135],{"class":127},"    # last item\n",[53,76137,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,76139,115],{"class":114},[53,76141,102],{"class":67},[53,76143,1437],{"class":98},[53,76145,338],{"class":67},[53,76147,1901],{"class":63},[53,76149,754],{"class":71},[53,76151,75640],{"class":67},[53,76153,76154],{"class":127},"   # last 3 items\n",[53,76156,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,76158,115],{"class":114},[53,76160,102],{"class":67},[53,76162,1437],{"class":98},[53,76164,75262],{"class":67},[53,76166,1901],{"class":63},[53,76168,72],{"class":71},[53,76170,20310],{"class":67},[53,76172,76173],{"class":127},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76175,328],{},[44,76177,76179],{"className":46,"code":76178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76180,76181,76186,76214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76182,76183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76184,76185],{"class":59},"e\n",[53,76187,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76189,338],{"class":67},[53,76191,341],{"class":252},[53,76193,1428],{"class":256},[53,76195,341],{"class":252},[53,76197,75],{"class":67},[53,76199,350],{"class":252},[53,76201,18632],{"class":256},[53,76203,341],{"class":252},[53,76205,75],{"class":67},[53,76207,350],{"class":252},[53,76209,60173],{"class":256},[53,76211,341],{"class":252},[53,76213,86],{"class":67},[53,76215,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76217,338],{"class":67},[53,76219,341],{"class":252},[53,76221,183],{"class":256},[53,76223,341],{"class":252},[53,76225,75],{"class":67},[53,76227,350],{"class":252},[53,76229,1453],{"class":256},[53,76231,341],{"class":252},[53,76233,75],{"class":67},[53,76235,350],{"class":252},[53,76237,1428],{"class":256},[53,76239,341],{"class":252},[53,76241,75],{"class":67},[53,76243,350],{"class":252},[53,76245,18632],{"class":256},[53,76247,341],{"class":252},[53,76249,86],{"class":67},[14,76251,12919],{},[140,76253,76254,76257,76261,76267,76273],{},[143,76255,76256],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[143,76258,76259,76050],{},[18,76260,76049],{},[143,76262,76263,76266],{},[18,76264,76265],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[143,76268,76269,76272],{},[18,76270,76271],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[143,76274,76275,76276,4269,76278],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76277,35938],{},[18,76279,75153],{},[39,76281,76283],{"id":76282},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76285,16,76286,76288],{},[18,76287,75156],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[140,76290,76291,76294,76297,76302,76312],{},[143,76292,76293],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[143,76295,76296],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[143,76298,76299,76301],{},[18,76300,75788],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[143,76303,8743,76304,76306,76307,76309,76310],{},[18,76305,75156],{}," is negative, ",[18,76308,35938],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76311,75153],{},[143,76313,76314,76316,76317],{},[18,76315,75156],{}," cannot be ",[18,76318,2000],{},[14,76320,76321],{},"Example with different step values:",[44,76323,76325],{"className":46,"code":76324,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76326,76327,76359,76363,76380,76402,76421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76328,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76330,60],{"class":59},[53,76332,64],{"class":63},[53,76334,68],{"class":67},[53,76336,539],{"class":71},[53,76338,75],{"class":67},[53,76340,7658],{"class":71},[53,76342,75],{"class":67},[53,76344,7663],{"class":71},[53,76346,75],{"class":67},[53,76348,50707],{"class":71},[53,76350,75],{"class":67},[53,76352,4955],{"class":71},[53,76354,75],{"class":67},[53,76356,75827],{"class":71},[53,76358,86],{"class":67},[53,76360,76361],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76362,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76364,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76366,115],{"class":114},[53,76368,102],{"class":67},[53,76370,92],{"class":98},[53,76372,73849],{"class":67},[53,76374,1937],{"class":71},[53,76376,20310],{"class":67},[53,76378,76379],{"class":127},"     # every second item\n",[53,76381,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76395,76397,76399],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,76383,115],{"class":114},[53,76385,102],{"class":67},[53,76387,92],{"class":98},[53,76389,338],{"class":67},[53,76391,72],{"class":71},[53,76393,76394],{"class":67},"::",[53,76396,1937],{"class":71},[53,76398,20310],{"class":67},[53,76400,76401],{"class":127},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[53,76403,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,76405,115],{"class":114},[53,76407,102],{"class":67},[53,76409,92],{"class":98},[53,76411,73849],{"class":67},[53,76413,1901],{"class":63},[53,76415,72],{"class":71},[53,76417,20310],{"class":67},[53,76419,76420],{"class":127},"    # reverse the list\n",[53,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,76424,115],{"class":114},[53,76426,102],{"class":67},[53,76428,92],{"class":98},[53,76430,338],{"class":67},[53,76432,105],{"class":71},[53,76434,597],{"class":67},[53,76436,72],{"class":71},[53,76438,597],{"class":67},[53,76440,1901],{"class":63},[53,76442,72],{"class":71},[53,76444,20310],{"class":67},[53,76446,76447],{"class":127},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76449,328],{},[44,76451,76453],{"className":46,"code":76452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76454,76455,76471,76487,76515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76456,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76458,338],{"class":67},[53,76460,539],{"class":71},[53,76462,75],{"class":67},[53,76464,7663],{"class":71},[53,76466,75],{"class":67},[53,76468,4955],{"class":71},[53,76470,86],{"class":67},[53,76472,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76474,338],{"class":67},[53,76476,15618],{"class":71},[53,76478,75],{"class":67},[53,76480,50707],{"class":71},[53,76482,75],{"class":67},[53,76484,75827],{"class":71},[53,76486,86],{"class":67},[53,76488,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76490,338],{"class":67},[53,76492,76006],{"class":71},[53,76494,75],{"class":67},[53,76496,4955],{"class":71},[53,76498,75],{"class":67},[53,76500,50707],{"class":71},[53,76502,75],{"class":67},[53,76504,7663],{"class":71},[53,76506,75],{"class":67},[53,76508,7658],{"class":71},[53,76510,75],{"class":67},[53,76512,5876],{"class":71},[53,76514,86],{"class":67},[53,76516,76517,76519,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,76518,338],{"class":67},[53,76520,76521],{"class":71},"50",[53,76523,75],{"class":67},[53,76525,50707],{"class":71},[53,76527,75],{"class":67},[53,76529,7663],{"class":71},[53,76531,86],{"class":67},[14,76533,76534,76535,95],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[183,76536,76537],{"href":74533},"how to reverse a list in Python",[830,76539,76541],{"id":76540},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76543,2716],{},[44,76545,76547],{"className":46,"code":76546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76548,76549,76569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76550,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76552,60],{"class":59},[53,76554,64],{"class":63},[53,76556,68],{"class":67},[53,76558,72],{"class":71},[53,76560,75],{"class":67},[53,76562,78],{"class":71},[53,76564,75],{"class":67},[53,76566,83],{"class":71},[53,76568,86],{"class":67},[53,76570,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76572,115],{"class":114},[53,76574,102],{"class":67},[53,76576,92],{"class":98},[53,76578,73849],{"class":67},[53,76580,2000],{"class":71},[53,76582,632],{"class":67},[14,76584,76585,76586,76588,76589,76591],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76587,40566],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76590,2000],{}," does not make sense.",[39,76593,76595],{"id":76594},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76597,76598],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[830,76600,76602],{"id":76601},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[44,76604,76606],{"className":46,"code":76605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76607,76608,76632,76636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76609,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76611,60],{"class":59},[53,76613,64],{"class":63},[53,76615,68],{"class":67},[53,76617,539],{"class":71},[53,76619,75],{"class":67},[53,76621,7658],{"class":71},[53,76623,75],{"class":67},[53,76625,7663],{"class":71},[53,76627,75],{"class":67},[53,76629,50707],{"class":71},[53,76631,86],{"class":67},[53,76633,76634],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76635,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76637,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76639,115],{"class":114},[53,76641,102],{"class":67},[53,76643,92],{"class":98},[53,76645,338],{"class":67},[53,76647,1937],{"class":71},[53,76649,632],{"class":67},[14,76651,328],{},[44,76653,76654],{"className":46,"code":69567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,76655,76656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76657,76658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76659,69567],{"class":71},[830,76661,76663],{"id":76662},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[44,76665,76667],{"className":46,"code":76666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76668,76669,76693,76697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76670,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76672,60],{"class":59},[53,76674,64],{"class":63},[53,76676,68],{"class":67},[53,76678,539],{"class":71},[53,76680,75],{"class":67},[53,76682,7658],{"class":71},[53,76684,75],{"class":67},[53,76686,7663],{"class":71},[53,76688,75],{"class":67},[53,76690,50707],{"class":71},[53,76692,86],{"class":67},[53,76694,76695],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76696,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76698,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76700,115],{"class":114},[53,76702,102],{"class":67},[53,76704,92],{"class":98},[53,76706,338],{"class":67},[53,76708,1937],{"class":71},[53,76710,597],{"class":67},[53,76712,754],{"class":71},[53,76714,632],{"class":67},[14,76716,328],{},[44,76718,76720],{"className":46,"code":76719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30]\n",[18,76721,76722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76723,76724,76726,76728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76725,338],{"class":67},[53,76727,36703],{"class":71},[53,76729,86],{"class":67},[14,76731,13626],{},[140,76733,76734,76740],{},[143,76735,76736,76739],{},[18,76737,76738],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[143,76741,76742,76745],{},[18,76743,76744],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76747,76748],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[140,76750,76751,76754],{},[143,76752,76753],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[143,76755,76756],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76758,235],{},[44,76760,76762],{"className":46,"code":76761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76763,76764,76784,76788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76765,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76767,60],{"class":59},[53,76769,64],{"class":63},[53,76771,68],{"class":67},[53,76773,539],{"class":71},[53,76775,75],{"class":67},[53,76777,7658],{"class":71},[53,76779,75],{"class":67},[53,76781,7663],{"class":71},[53,76783,86],{"class":67},[53,76785,76786],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76787,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76789,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76791,115],{"class":114},[53,76793,102],{"class":67},[53,76795,92],{"class":98},[53,76797,338],{"class":67},[53,76799,2017],{"class":71},[53,76801,597],{"class":67},[53,76803,539],{"class":71},[53,76805,632],{"class":67},[14,76807,328],{},[44,76809,76810],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,76811,76812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76813,76814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76815,38160],{"class":67},[14,76817,76818],{},"But this would raise an error:",[44,76820,76822],{"className":46,"code":76821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,76823,76824,76844,76848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76825,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76827,60],{"class":59},[53,76829,64],{"class":63},[53,76831,68],{"class":67},[53,76833,539],{"class":71},[53,76835,75],{"class":67},[53,76837,7658],{"class":71},[53,76839,75],{"class":67},[53,76841,7663],{"class":71},[53,76843,86],{"class":67},[53,76845,76846],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76847,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,76849,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,76851,115],{"class":114},[53,76853,102],{"class":67},[53,76855,92],{"class":98},[53,76857,338],{"class":67},[53,76859,2017],{"class":71},[53,76861,632],{"class":67},[14,76863,76864,76865,95],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[183,76866,68986],{"href":68985},[39,76868,15040],{"id":76869},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76871,76872],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[140,76874,76875,76879,76881,76884,76890],{},[143,76876,4578,76877,75468],{},[18,76878,75153],{},[143,76880,60418],{},[143,76882,76883],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[143,76885,37066,76886,8572,76888],{},[18,76887,75788],{},[18,76889,73253],{},[143,76891,76892,76893,76895],{},"Using step ",[18,76894,2000],{},", which causes an error",[830,76897,76899],{"id":76898},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[44,76901,76903],{"className":46,"code":76902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,76904,76905,76933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76906,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76908,60],{"class":59},[53,76910,64],{"class":63},[53,76912,68],{"class":67},[53,76914,539],{"class":71},[53,76916,75],{"class":67},[53,76918,7658],{"class":71},[53,76920,75],{"class":67},[53,76922,7663],{"class":71},[53,76924,75],{"class":67},[53,76926,50707],{"class":71},[53,76928,75],{"class":67},[53,76930,4955],{"class":71},[53,76932,86],{"class":67},[53,76934,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,76936,115],{"class":114},[53,76938,102],{"class":67},[53,76940,92],{"class":98},[53,76942,338],{"class":67},[53,76944,72],{"class":71},[53,76946,597],{"class":67},[53,76948,105],{"class":71},[53,76950,632],{"class":67},[14,76952,76953],{},"This returns:",[44,76955,76957],{"className":46,"code":76956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76958,76959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76960,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76962,338],{"class":67},[53,76964,15618],{"class":71},[53,76966,75],{"class":67},[53,76968,7663],{"class":71},[53,76970,75],{"class":67},[53,76972,50707],{"class":71},[53,76974,86],{"class":67},[14,76976,40768,76977,76979,76980,76982,76983,95],{},[23,76978,36],{}," include ",[18,76981,76521],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,76984,105],{},[830,76986,76988],{"id":76987},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,76990,16508],{},[44,76992,76994],{"className":46,"code":76993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,76995,76996,77016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76997,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76999,60],{"class":59},[53,77001,64],{"class":63},[53,77003,68],{"class":67},[53,77005,539],{"class":71},[53,77007,75],{"class":67},[53,77009,7658],{"class":71},[53,77011,75],{"class":67},[53,77013,7663],{"class":71},[53,77015,86],{"class":67},[53,77017,77018],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77019,77020],{"class":127},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77022,77023],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[44,77025,77027],{"className":46,"code":77026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77028,77029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77032,115],{"class":114},[53,77034,102],{"class":67},[53,77036,92],{"class":98},[53,77038,338],{"class":67},[53,77040,72],{"class":71},[53,77042,597],{"class":67},[53,77044,754],{"class":71},[53,77046,632],{"class":67},[830,77048,77050],{"id":77049},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77052,77053],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[44,77055,77057],{"className":46,"code":77056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77058,77059,77083,77097,77101,77111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77060,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77062,60],{"class":59},[53,77064,64],{"class":63},[53,77066,68],{"class":67},[53,77068,539],{"class":71},[53,77070,75],{"class":67},[53,77072,7658],{"class":71},[53,77074,75],{"class":67},[53,77076,7663],{"class":71},[53,77078,75],{"class":67},[53,77080,50707],{"class":71},[53,77082,86],{"class":67},[53,77084,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77086,75386],{"class":59},[53,77088,64],{"class":63},[53,77090,4138],{"class":59},[53,77092,75262],{"class":67},[53,77094,1937],{"class":71},[53,77096,86],{"class":67},[53,77098,77099],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77100,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,77102,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77104,115],{"class":114},[53,77106,102],{"class":67},[53,77108,75409],{"class":98},[53,77110,108],{"class":67},[53,77112,77113,77115,77117,77119],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,77114,115],{"class":114},[53,77116,102],{"class":67},[53,77118,92],{"class":98},[53,77120,108],{"class":67},[14,77122,328],{},[44,77124,77126],{"className":46,"code":77125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77127,77128,77140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77129,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77131,338],{"class":67},[53,77133,539],{"class":71},[53,77135,75],{"class":67},[53,77137,7658],{"class":71},[53,77139,86],{"class":67},[53,77141,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77143,338],{"class":67},[53,77145,539],{"class":71},[53,77147,75],{"class":67},[53,77149,7658],{"class":71},[53,77151,75],{"class":67},[53,77153,7663],{"class":71},[53,77155,75],{"class":67},[53,77157,50707],{"class":71},[53,77159,86],{"class":67},[14,77161,77162],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[830,77164,77166,77167,8572,77169],{"id":77165},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77168,75788],{},[18,77170,73253],{},[44,77172,77174],{"className":46,"code":77173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77175,77176,77196,77200,77217,77228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77177,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77179,60],{"class":59},[53,77181,64],{"class":63},[53,77183,68],{"class":67},[53,77185,539],{"class":71},[53,77187,75],{"class":67},[53,77189,7658],{"class":71},[53,77191,75],{"class":67},[53,77193,7663],{"class":71},[53,77195,86],{"class":67},[53,77197,77198],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77199,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,77201,77202,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77203,77204],{"class":59},"reversed_copy ",[53,77206,64],{"class":63},[53,77208,4138],{"class":59},[53,77210,73849],{"class":67},[53,77212,1901],{"class":63},[53,77214,72],{"class":71},[53,77216,86],{"class":67},[53,77218,77219,77221,77223,77226],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77220,115],{"class":114},[53,77222,102],{"class":67},[53,77224,77225],{"class":98},"reversed_copy",[53,77227,108],{"class":67},[53,77229,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,77231,115],{"class":114},[53,77233,102],{"class":67},[53,77235,92],{"class":98},[53,77237,108],{"class":67},[14,77239,328],{},[44,77241,77243],{"className":46,"code":77242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77244,77245,77261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77248,338],{"class":67},[53,77250,36703],{"class":71},[53,77252,75],{"class":67},[53,77254,7658],{"class":71},[53,77256,75],{"class":67},[53,77258,5876],{"class":71},[53,77260,86],{"class":67},[53,77262,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77264,338],{"class":67},[53,77266,539],{"class":71},[53,77268,75],{"class":67},[53,77270,7658],{"class":71},[53,77272,75],{"class":67},[53,77274,7663],{"class":71},[53,77276,86],{"class":67},[14,77278,77279,77282],{},[18,77280,77281],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77284,77285,77286,77289],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77287,77288],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[830,77291,77293],{"id":77292},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77295,77296],{},"This is not allowed:",[44,77298,77300],{"className":46,"code":77299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77301,77302,77322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77303,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77305,60],{"class":59},[53,77307,64],{"class":63},[53,77309,68],{"class":67},[53,77311,539],{"class":71},[53,77313,75],{"class":67},[53,77315,7658],{"class":71},[53,77317,75],{"class":67},[53,77319,7663],{"class":71},[53,77321,86],{"class":67},[53,77323,77324],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77325,77326],{"class":127},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77328,77329,77330,95],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77331,40566],{},[39,77333,77335],{"id":77334},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77337,77338],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[140,77340,77341,77348,77354,77357,77360],{},[143,77342,37066,77343,4269,77345,77347],{},[18,77344,35938],{},[18,77346,75153],{}," positions",[143,77349,77350,77351,77353],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77352,75153],{}," index is included",[143,77355,77356],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[143,77358,77359],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[143,77361,77362],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77364,77365],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[44,77367,77369],{"className":46,"code":77368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77370,77371,77381,77395,77413,77427,77444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77372,77373,77375,77377,77379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77374,115],{"class":114},[53,77376,102],{"class":67},[53,77378,203],{"class":98},[53,77380,108],{"class":67},[53,77382,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77384,115],{"class":114},[53,77386,102],{"class":67},[53,77388,11029],{"class":114},[53,77390,102],{"class":67},[53,77392,203],{"class":98},[53,77394,1907],{"class":67},[53,77396,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77398,115],{"class":114},[53,77400,102],{"class":67},[53,77402,203],{"class":98},[53,77404,338],{"class":67},[53,77406,72],{"class":71},[53,77408,597],{"class":67},[53,77410,105],{"class":71},[53,77412,632],{"class":67},[53,77414,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77416,115],{"class":114},[53,77418,102],{"class":67},[53,77420,203],{"class":98},[53,77422,75262],{"class":67},[53,77424,754],{"class":71},[53,77426,632],{"class":67},[53,77428,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,77430,115],{"class":114},[53,77432,102],{"class":67},[53,77434,203],{"class":98},[53,77436,338],{"class":67},[53,77438,1901],{"class":63},[53,77440,754],{"class":71},[53,77442,77443],{"class":67},":])\n",[53,77445,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,77447,115],{"class":114},[53,77449,102],{"class":67},[53,77451,203],{"class":98},[53,77453,73849],{"class":67},[53,77455,1901],{"class":63},[53,77457,72],{"class":71},[53,77459,632],{"class":67},[14,77461,833,77462,77464,77465,77469],{},[18,77463,42223],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[183,77466,77468],{"href":77467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[39,77471,1650],{"id":1649},[830,77473,77475],{"id":77474},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77477,77478],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[830,77480,77482],{"id":77481},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77484,77485],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[830,77487,5017,77489,39823],{"id":77488},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77490,75788],{},[14,77492,77493],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[830,77495,77497,77498,2370],{"id":77496},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77499,70458],{},[14,77501,77502],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[39,77504,1782],{"id":1781},[140,77506,77507,77512,77517,77521,77525,77529],{},[143,77508,77509],{},[183,77510,77511],{"href":185},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[143,77513,77514],{},[183,77515,77516],{"href":56878},"How to create a list in Python",[143,77518,77519],{},[183,77520,14828],{"href":56944},[143,77522,77523],{},[183,77524,74534],{"href":74533},[143,77526,77527],{},[183,77528,77468],{"href":77467},[143,77530,77531],{},[183,77532,68986],{"href":68985},[14,77534,77535,77536,77538],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77537,42223],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1810,77540,77541],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":77543},[77544,77545,77546,77547,77548,77549,77552,77556,77564,77565,77573],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":75317,"depth":89,"text":75318},{"id":75480,"depth":89,"text":75481},{"id":75742,"depth":89,"text":75743},{"id":76036,"depth":89,"text":76037},{"id":76282,"depth":89,"text":76283,"children":77550},[77551],{"id":76540,"depth":111,"text":76541},{"id":76594,"depth":89,"text":76595,"children":77553},[77554,77555],{"id":76601,"depth":111,"text":76602},{"id":76662,"depth":111,"text":76663},{"id":76869,"depth":89,"text":15040,"children":77557},[77558,77559,77560,77561,77563],{"id":76898,"depth":111,"text":76899},{"id":76987,"depth":111,"text":76988},{"id":77049,"depth":111,"text":77050},{"id":77165,"depth":111,"text":77562},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77292,"depth":111,"text":77293},{"id":77334,"depth":89,"text":77335},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":77566},[77567,77568,77569,77571],{"id":77474,"depth":111,"text":77475},{"id":77481,"depth":111,"text":77482},{"id":77488,"depth":111,"text":77570},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77496,"depth":111,"text":77572},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75140,"description":77574},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77581,"title":77582,"body":77583,"description":79652,"extension":1841,"meta":79653,"navigation":301,"path":79654,"seo":79655,"stem":79656,"__hash__":79657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77584,"toc":79618},[77585,77590,77596,77602,77604,77651,77658,77663,77667,77682,77685,77738,77740,77765,77770,77772,77804,77807,77823,77825,77886,77888,77913,77917,77922,77975,77977,78002,78007,78068,78070,78095,78098,78105,78109,78112,78173,78175,78208,78211,78272,78274,78307,78313,78386,78388,78420,78427,78432,78437,78439,78451,78454,78532,78534,78575,78578,78652,78654,78687,78692,78699,78706,78710,78719,78723,78731,78733,78800,78802,78838,78843,78854,78856,78861,78866,78868,78931,78933,78958,78965,78970,78974,78977,79017,79022,79028,79033,79035,79062,79067,79070,79117,79119,79176,79183,79188,79194,79263,79267,79270,79333,79335,79368,79373,79375,79378,79459,79461,79485,79491,79493,79498,79502,79509,79517,79521,79523,79546,79550,79552,79579,79582,79589,79592,79594,79615],[10,77586,54066,77588,11190],{"id":77587},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77589,64038],{},[14,77591,77592,77595],{},[18,77593,77594],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77597,77598,77599,77601],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77600,64038],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[39,77603,1882],{"id":1881},[44,77605,77607],{"className":46,"code":77606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77608,77609,77629,77639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77610,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77612,60],{"class":59},[53,77614,64],{"class":63},[53,77616,68],{"class":67},[53,77618,754],{"class":71},[53,77620,75],{"class":67},[53,77622,5371],{"class":71},[53,77624,75],{"class":67},[53,77626,78],{"class":71},[53,77628,86],{"class":67},[53,77630,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77632,92],{"class":59},[53,77634,95],{"class":67},[53,77636,34663],{"class":98},[53,77638,8510],{"class":67},[53,77640,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77642,115],{"class":114},[53,77644,102],{"class":67},[53,77646,92],{"class":98},[53,77648,3539],{"class":67},[53,77650,54656],{"class":127},[14,77652,131,77653,77655,77656,95],{},[18,77654,77594],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77657,232],{},[39,77659,3556,77661,3559],{"id":77660},"what-listsort-does",[18,77662,77594],{},[14,77664,77665,597],{},[18,77666,77594],{},[140,77668,77669,77672,77675,77679],{},[143,77670,77671],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[143,77673,77674],{},"Changes the original list",[143,77676,11292,77677],{},[18,77678,232],{},[143,77680,77681],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77683,77684],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[44,77686,77688],{"className":46,"code":77687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77689,77690,77714,77724,77728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77693,60],{"class":59},[53,77695,64],{"class":63},[53,77697,68],{"class":67},[53,77699,2017],{"class":71},[53,77701,75],{"class":67},[53,77703,78],{"class":71},[53,77705,75],{"class":67},[53,77707,1639],{"class":71},[53,77709,75],{"class":67},[53,77711,5371],{"class":71},[53,77713,86],{"class":67},[53,77715,77716,77718,77720,77722],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77717,92],{"class":59},[53,77719,95],{"class":67},[53,77721,34663],{"class":98},[53,77723,8510],{"class":67},[53,77725,77726],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77727,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,77729,77730,77732,77734,77736],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77731,115],{"class":114},[53,77733,102],{"class":67},[53,77735,92],{"class":98},[53,77737,108],{"class":67},[14,77739,328],{},[44,77741,77743],{"className":46,"code":77742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77744,77745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77748,338],{"class":67},[53,77750,72],{"class":71},[53,77752,75],{"class":67},[53,77754,78],{"class":71},[53,77756,75],{"class":67},[53,77758,1577],{"class":71},[53,77760,75],{"class":67},[53,77762,1639],{"class":71},[53,77764,86],{"class":67},[14,77766,77767,77768,95],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[183,77769,66804],{"href":185},[39,77771,2039],{"id":2038},[44,77773,77775],{"className":46,"code":77774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77776,77777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77778,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77798,77800,77802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77780,203],{"class":59},[53,77782,95],{"class":67},[53,77784,34663],{"class":98},[53,77786,102],{"class":67},[53,77788,14704],{"class":9043},[53,77790,64],{"class":63},[53,77792,232],{"class":369},[53,77794,75],{"class":67},[53,77796,77797],{"class":9043}," reverse",[53,77799,64],{"class":63},[53,77801,3552],{"class":369},[53,77803,108],{"class":67},[14,77805,77806],{},"Main arguments:",[140,77808,77809,77814,77820],{},[143,77810,77811,77813],{},[18,77812,14704],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[143,77815,77816,77819],{},[18,77817,77818],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[143,77821,77822],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77824,235],{},[44,77826,77828],{"className":46,"code":77827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77829,77830,77854,77872,77876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77831,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77833,60],{"class":59},[53,77835,64],{"class":63},[53,77837,68],{"class":67},[53,77839,105],{"class":71},[53,77841,75],{"class":67},[53,77843,5371],{"class":71},[53,77845,75],{"class":67},[53,77847,5865],{"class":71},[53,77849,75],{"class":67},[53,77851,78],{"class":71},[53,77853,86],{"class":67},[53,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77857,92],{"class":59},[53,77859,95],{"class":67},[53,77861,34663],{"class":98},[53,77863,102],{"class":67},[53,77865,73304],{"class":9043},[53,77867,64],{"class":63},[53,77869,573],{"class":369},[53,77871,108],{"class":67},[53,77873,77874],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77875,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,77877,77878,77880,77882,77884],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77879,115],{"class":114},[53,77881,102],{"class":67},[53,77883,92],{"class":98},[53,77885,108],{"class":67},[14,77887,328],{},[44,77889,77891],{"className":46,"code":77890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,77892,77893],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77894,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77896,338],{"class":67},[53,77898,1904],{"class":71},[53,77900,75],{"class":67},[53,77902,759],{"class":71},[53,77904,75],{"class":67},[53,77906,78],{"class":71},[53,77908,75],{"class":67},[53,77910,5371],{"class":71},[53,77912,86],{"class":67},[39,77914,77916],{"id":77915},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77918,131,77919,77921],{},[18,77920,64038],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[44,77923,77925],{"className":46,"code":77924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77926,77927,77951,77961,77965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77930,60],{"class":59},[53,77932,64],{"class":63},[53,77934,68],{"class":67},[53,77936,539],{"class":71},[53,77938,75],{"class":67},[53,77940,83],{"class":71},[53,77942,75],{"class":67},[53,77944,6232],{"class":71},[53,77946,75],{"class":67},[53,77948,5371],{"class":71},[53,77950,86],{"class":67},[53,77952,77953,77955,77957,77959],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,77954,92],{"class":59},[53,77956,95],{"class":67},[53,77958,34663],{"class":98},[53,77960,8510],{"class":67},[53,77962,77963],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,77964,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,77966,77967,77969,77971,77973],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,77968,115],{"class":114},[53,77970,102],{"class":67},[53,77972,92],{"class":98},[53,77974,108],{"class":67},[14,77976,328],{},[44,77978,77980],{"className":46,"code":77979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,77981,77982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77983,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77985,338],{"class":67},[53,77987,72],{"class":71},[53,77989,75],{"class":67},[53,77991,83],{"class":71},[53,77993,75],{"class":67},[53,77995,6232],{"class":71},[53,77997,75],{"class":67},[53,77999,5876],{"class":71},[53,78001,86],{"class":67},[14,78003,131,78004,78006],{},[18,78005,77818],{}," for descending order:",[44,78008,78010],{"className":46,"code":78009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78011,78012,78036,78054,78058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78013,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78015,60],{"class":59},[53,78017,64],{"class":63},[53,78019,68],{"class":67},[53,78021,539],{"class":71},[53,78023,75],{"class":67},[53,78025,83],{"class":71},[53,78027,75],{"class":67},[53,78029,6232],{"class":71},[53,78031,75],{"class":67},[53,78033,5371],{"class":71},[53,78035,86],{"class":67},[53,78037,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78039,92],{"class":59},[53,78041,95],{"class":67},[53,78043,34663],{"class":98},[53,78045,102],{"class":67},[53,78047,73304],{"class":9043},[53,78049,64],{"class":63},[53,78051,573],{"class":369},[53,78053,108],{"class":67},[53,78055,78056],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78057,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78059,78060,78062,78064,78066],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78061,115],{"class":114},[53,78063,102],{"class":67},[53,78065,92],{"class":98},[53,78067,108],{"class":67},[14,78069,328],{},[44,78071,78073],{"className":46,"code":78072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78074,78075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78076,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78078,338],{"class":67},[53,78080,539],{"class":71},[53,78082,75],{"class":67},[53,78084,6232],{"class":71},[53,78086,75],{"class":67},[53,78088,83],{"class":71},[53,78090,75],{"class":67},[53,78092,5371],{"class":71},[53,78094,86],{"class":67},[14,78096,78097],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78099,78100,78101,95],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[183,78102,78104],{"href":78103},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[39,78106,78108],{"id":78107},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78110,78111],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[44,78113,78115],{"className":46,"code":78114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78116,78117,78149,78159,78163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78118,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78120,3946],{"class":59},[53,78122,64],{"class":63},[53,78124,68],{"class":67},[53,78126,253],{"class":252},[53,78128,267],{"class":256},[53,78130,253],{"class":252},[53,78132,75],{"class":67},[53,78134,264],{"class":252},[53,78136,257],{"class":256},[53,78138,253],{"class":252},[53,78140,75],{"class":67},[53,78142,264],{"class":252},[53,78144,3971],{"class":256},[53,78146,253],{"class":252},[53,78148,86],{"class":67},[53,78150,78151,78153,78155,78157],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78152,3988],{"class":59},[53,78154,95],{"class":67},[53,78156,34663],{"class":98},[53,78158,8510],{"class":67},[53,78160,78161],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78162,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78166,115],{"class":114},[53,78168,102],{"class":67},[53,78170,3988],{"class":98},[53,78172,108],{"class":67},[14,78174,328],{},[44,78176,78178],{"className":46,"code":78177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78179,78180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78181,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78183,338],{"class":67},[53,78185,341],{"class":252},[53,78187,257],{"class":256},[53,78189,341],{"class":252},[53,78191,75],{"class":67},[53,78193,350],{"class":252},[53,78195,267],{"class":256},[53,78197,341],{"class":252},[53,78199,75],{"class":67},[53,78201,350],{"class":252},[53,78203,3971],{"class":256},[53,78205,341],{"class":252},[53,78207,86],{"class":67},[14,78209,78210],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[44,78212,78214],{"className":46,"code":78213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78215,78216,78248,78258,78262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78217,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78219,3946],{"class":59},[53,78221,64],{"class":63},[53,78223,68],{"class":67},[53,78225,253],{"class":252},[53,78227,267],{"class":256},[53,78229,253],{"class":252},[53,78231,75],{"class":67},[53,78233,264],{"class":252},[53,78235,57493],{"class":256},[53,78237,253],{"class":252},[53,78239,75],{"class":67},[53,78241,264],{"class":252},[53,78243,3971],{"class":256},[53,78245,253],{"class":252},[53,78247,86],{"class":67},[53,78249,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78251,3988],{"class":59},[53,78253,95],{"class":67},[53,78255,34663],{"class":98},[53,78257,8510],{"class":67},[53,78259,78260],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78261,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78265,115],{"class":114},[53,78267,102],{"class":67},[53,78269,3988],{"class":98},[53,78271,108],{"class":67},[14,78273,328],{},[44,78275,78277],{"className":46,"code":78276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78278,78279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78280,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78282,338],{"class":67},[53,78284,341],{"class":252},[53,78286,57493],{"class":256},[53,78288,341],{"class":252},[53,78290,75],{"class":67},[53,78292,350],{"class":252},[53,78294,267],{"class":256},[53,78296,341],{"class":252},[53,78298,75],{"class":67},[53,78300,350],{"class":252},[53,78302,3971],{"class":256},[53,78304,341],{"class":252},[53,78306,86],{"class":67},[14,78308,78309,78310,597],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78311,78312],{},"key=str.lower",[44,78314,78316],{"className":46,"code":78315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78317,78318,78350,78372,78376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78319,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78321,3946],{"class":59},[53,78323,64],{"class":63},[53,78325,68],{"class":67},[53,78327,253],{"class":252},[53,78329,267],{"class":256},[53,78331,253],{"class":252},[53,78333,75],{"class":67},[53,78335,264],{"class":252},[53,78337,57493],{"class":256},[53,78339,253],{"class":252},[53,78341,75],{"class":67},[53,78343,264],{"class":252},[53,78345,3971],{"class":256},[53,78347,253],{"class":252},[53,78349,86],{"class":67},[53,78351,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78353,3988],{"class":59},[53,78355,95],{"class":67},[53,78357,34663],{"class":98},[53,78359,102],{"class":67},[53,78361,14704],{"class":9043},[53,78363,64],{"class":63},[53,78365,3324],{"class":2782},[53,78367,95],{"class":67},[53,78369,8507],{"class":24615},[53,78371,108],{"class":67},[53,78373,78374],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78375,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78377,78378,78380,78382,78384],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78379,115],{"class":114},[53,78381,102],{"class":67},[53,78383,3988],{"class":98},[53,78385,108],{"class":67},[14,78387,328],{},[44,78389,78390],{"className":46,"code":78276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,78391,78392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78393,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78395,338],{"class":67},[53,78397,341],{"class":252},[53,78399,57493],{"class":256},[53,78401,341],{"class":252},[53,78403,75],{"class":67},[53,78405,350],{"class":252},[53,78407,267],{"class":256},[53,78409,341],{"class":252},[53,78411,75],{"class":67},[53,78413,350],{"class":252},[53,78415,3971],{"class":256},[53,78417,341],{"class":252},[53,78419,86],{"class":67},[14,78421,78422,78423,78426],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78424,78425],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[39,78428,36474,78430,36477],{"id":78429},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78431,14704],{},[14,78433,16,78434,78436],{},[18,78435,14704],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78438,7212],{},[140,78440,78441,78446],{},[143,78442,78443,78445],{},[18,78444,11029],{}," to sort by length",[143,78447,78448,78450],{},[18,78449,78425],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78452,78453],{},"Sort words by length:",[44,78455,78457],{"className":46,"code":78456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78458,78459,78500,78518,78522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78460,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78462,3946],{"class":59},[53,78464,64],{"class":63},[53,78466,68],{"class":67},[53,78468,253],{"class":252},[53,78470,78471],{"class":256},"pear",[53,78473,253],{"class":252},[53,78475,75],{"class":67},[53,78477,264],{"class":252},[53,78479,267],{"class":256},[53,78481,253],{"class":252},[53,78483,75],{"class":67},[53,78485,264],{"class":252},[53,78487,38221],{"class":256},[53,78489,253],{"class":252},[53,78491,75],{"class":67},[53,78493,264],{"class":252},[53,78495,257],{"class":256},[53,78497,253],{"class":252},[53,78499,86],{"class":67},[53,78501,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78503,3988],{"class":59},[53,78505,95],{"class":67},[53,78507,34663],{"class":98},[53,78509,102],{"class":67},[53,78511,14704],{"class":9043},[53,78513,64],{"class":63},[53,78515,11029],{"class":114},[53,78517,108],{"class":67},[53,78519,78520],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78521,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78523,78524,78526,78528,78530],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78525,115],{"class":114},[53,78527,102],{"class":67},[53,78529,3988],{"class":98},[53,78531,108],{"class":67},[14,78533,328],{},[44,78535,78537],{"className":46,"code":78536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78538,78539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78540,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78542,338],{"class":67},[53,78544,341],{"class":252},[53,78546,38221],{"class":256},[53,78548,341],{"class":252},[53,78550,75],{"class":67},[53,78552,350],{"class":252},[53,78554,78471],{"class":256},[53,78556,341],{"class":252},[53,78558,75],{"class":67},[53,78560,350],{"class":252},[53,78562,257],{"class":256},[53,78564,341],{"class":252},[53,78566,75],{"class":67},[53,78568,350],{"class":252},[53,78570,267],{"class":256},[53,78572,341],{"class":252},[53,78574,86],{"class":67},[14,78576,78577],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[44,78579,78581],{"className":46,"code":78580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78582,78583,78616,78638,78642],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78584,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78612,78614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78586,3946],{"class":59},[53,78588,64],{"class":63},[53,78590,68],{"class":67},[53,78592,253],{"class":252},[53,78594,4887],{"class":256},[53,78596,253],{"class":252},[53,78598,75],{"class":67},[53,78600,264],{"class":252},[53,78602,17667],{"class":256},[53,78604,253],{"class":252},[53,78606,75],{"class":67},[53,78608,264],{"class":252},[53,78610,78611],{"class":256},"Carol",[53,78613,253],{"class":252},[53,78615,86],{"class":67},[53,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78619,3988],{"class":59},[53,78621,95],{"class":67},[53,78623,34663],{"class":98},[53,78625,102],{"class":67},[53,78627,14704],{"class":9043},[53,78629,64],{"class":63},[53,78631,3324],{"class":2782},[53,78633,95],{"class":67},[53,78635,8507],{"class":24615},[53,78637,108],{"class":67},[53,78639,78640],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78641,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78643,78644,78646,78648,78650],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78645,115],{"class":114},[53,78647,102],{"class":67},[53,78649,3988],{"class":98},[53,78651,108],{"class":67},[14,78653,328],{},[44,78655,78657],{"className":46,"code":78656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78658,78659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78660,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78662,338],{"class":67},[53,78664,341],{"class":252},[53,78666,17667],{"class":256},[53,78668,341],{"class":252},[53,78670,75],{"class":67},[53,78672,350],{"class":252},[53,78674,4887],{"class":256},[53,78676,341],{"class":252},[53,78678,75],{"class":67},[53,78680,350],{"class":252},[53,78682,78611],{"class":256},[53,78684,341],{"class":252},[53,78686,86],{"class":67},[14,78688,16,78689,78691],{},[18,78690,14704],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[39,78693,78695,10452,78697],{"id":78694},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78696,77594],{},[18,78698,74151],{},[14,78700,78701,4269,78703,78705],{},[18,78702,77594],{},[18,78704,74151],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78707,78708,597],{},[18,78709,77594],{},[140,78711,78712,78715],{},[143,78713,78714],{},"Changes the existing list",[143,78716,11292,78717],{},[18,78718,232],{},[14,78720,78721,597],{},[18,78722,74151],{},[140,78724,78725,78728],{},[143,78726,78727],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[143,78729,78730],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78732,235],{},[44,78734,78736],{"className":46,"code":78735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78737,78738,78758,78762,78776,78780,78790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78739,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78741,60],{"class":59},[53,78743,64],{"class":63},[53,78745,68],{"class":67},[53,78747,754],{"class":71},[53,78749,75],{"class":67},[53,78751,5371],{"class":71},[53,78753,75],{"class":67},[53,78755,78],{"class":71},[53,78757,86],{"class":67},[53,78759,78760],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78761,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78763,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78765,55614],{"class":59},[53,78767,64],{"class":63},[53,78769,74285],{"class":114},[53,78771,102],{"class":67},[53,78773,92],{"class":98},[53,78775,108],{"class":67},[53,78777,78778],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78779,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,78783,115],{"class":114},[53,78785,102],{"class":67},[53,78787,92],{"class":98},[53,78789,108],{"class":67},[53,78791,78792,78794,78796,78798],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,78793,115],{"class":114},[53,78795,102],{"class":67},[53,78797,74008],{"class":98},[53,78799,108],{"class":67},[14,78801,328],{},[44,78803,78804],{"className":46,"code":74320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,78805,78806,78822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78807,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78809,338],{"class":67},[53,78811,754],{"class":71},[53,78813,75],{"class":67},[53,78815,5371],{"class":71},[53,78817,75],{"class":67},[53,78819,78],{"class":71},[53,78821,86],{"class":67},[53,78823,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78825,338],{"class":67},[53,78827,72],{"class":71},[53,78829,75],{"class":67},[53,78831,78],{"class":71},[53,78833,75],{"class":67},[53,78835,83],{"class":71},[53,78837,86],{"class":67},[14,78839,131,78840,78842],{},[18,78841,74151],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78844,78845,78846,4269,78850,95],{},"You can learn more in ",[183,78847,3457,78848,5656],{"href":74248},[18,78849,74151],{},[183,78851,78853],{"href":78852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[39,78855,2709],{"id":2708},[14,78857,78858,78859,95],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,78860,77594],{},[830,78862,12460,78864],{"id":78863},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,78865,64038],{},[14,78867,1046],{},[44,78869,78871],{"className":46,"code":78870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78872,78873,78893,78907,78911,78921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78874,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78876,60],{"class":59},[53,78878,64],{"class":63},[53,78880,68],{"class":67},[53,78882,754],{"class":71},[53,78884,75],{"class":67},[53,78886,5371],{"class":71},[53,78888,75],{"class":67},[53,78890,78],{"class":71},[53,78892,86],{"class":67},[53,78894,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78896,276],{"class":59},[53,78898,64],{"class":63},[53,78900,4138],{"class":59},[53,78902,95],{"class":67},[53,78904,34663],{"class":98},[53,78906,8510],{"class":67},[53,78908,78909],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,78910,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,78912,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,78914,115],{"class":114},[53,78916,102],{"class":67},[53,78918,323],{"class":98},[53,78920,108],{"class":67},[53,78922,78923,78925,78927,78929],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,78924,115],{"class":114},[53,78926,102],{"class":67},[53,78928,92],{"class":98},[53,78930,108],{"class":67},[14,78932,328],{},[44,78934,78936],{"className":46,"code":78935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78937,78938,78942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78939,78940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78941,370],{"class":369},[53,78943,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,78945,338],{"class":67},[53,78947,72],{"class":71},[53,78949,75],{"class":67},[53,78951,78],{"class":71},[53,78953,75],{"class":67},[53,78955,83],{"class":71},[53,78957,86],{"class":67},[14,78959,78960,78962,78963,95],{},[18,78961,64038],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,78964,232],{},[14,78966,78967,78968,1381],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,78969,74151],{},[830,78971,78973],{"id":78972},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78975,78976],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[44,78978,78980],{"className":46,"code":78979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,78981,78982,79007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78983,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78985,516],{"class":59},[53,78987,64],{"class":63},[53,78989,68],{"class":67},[53,78991,72],{"class":71},[53,78993,75],{"class":67},[53,78995,264],{"class":252},[53,78997,78998],{"class":256},"two",[53,79000,253],{"class":252},[53,79002,75],{"class":67},[53,79004,83],{"class":71},[53,79006,86],{"class":67},[53,79008,79009,79011,79013,79015],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79010,530],{"class":59},[53,79012,95],{"class":67},[53,79014,34663],{"class":98},[53,79016,8510],{"class":67},[14,79018,2882,79019,79021],{},[18,79020,2885],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[830,79023,4578,79025,79027],{"id":79024},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79026,64038],{}," only works on lists",[14,79029,79030,79032],{},[18,79031,64038],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79034,16508],{},[44,79036,79038],{"className":46,"code":79037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79039,79040,79052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79043,34551],{"class":59},[53,79045,64],{"class":63},[53,79047,264],{"class":252},[53,79049,48],{"class":256},[53,79051,3239],{"class":252},[53,79053,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79055,34572],{"class":59},[53,79057,95],{"class":67},[53,79059,34663],{"class":98},[53,79061,8510],{"class":67},[14,79063,79064,79065,33464],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79066,64038],{},[14,79068,79069],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[44,79071,79073],{"className":46,"code":79072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79074,79075,79093,79103,79107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79076,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79078,1411],{"class":59},[53,79080,64],{"class":63},[53,79082,22425],{"class":2782},[53,79084,102],{"class":67},[53,79086,253],{"class":252},[53,79088,48],{"class":256},[53,79090,253],{"class":252},[53,79092,108],{"class":67},[53,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79096,1437],{"class":59},[53,79098,95],{"class":67},[53,79100,34663],{"class":98},[53,79102,8510],{"class":67},[53,79104,79105],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,79106,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,79108,79109,79111,79113,79115],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,79110,115],{"class":114},[53,79112,102],{"class":67},[53,79114,1437],{"class":98},[53,79116,108],{"class":67},[14,79118,328],{},[44,79120,79122],{"className":46,"code":79121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79123,79124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79125,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79127,338],{"class":67},[53,79129,341],{"class":252},[53,79131,60164],{"class":256},[53,79133,341],{"class":252},[53,79135,75],{"class":67},[53,79137,350],{"class":252},[53,79139,75757],{"class":256},[53,79141,341],{"class":252},[53,79143,75],{"class":67},[53,79145,350],{"class":252},[53,79147,60199],{"class":256},[53,79149,341],{"class":252},[53,79151,75],{"class":67},[53,79153,350],{"class":252},[53,79155,14],{"class":256},[53,79157,341],{"class":252},[53,79159,75],{"class":67},[53,79161,350],{"class":252},[53,79163,63013],{"class":256},[53,79165,341],{"class":252},[53,79167,75],{"class":67},[53,79169,350],{"class":252},[53,79171,11613],{"class":256},[53,79173,341],{"class":252},[53,79175,86],{"class":67},[830,79177,79179,79180,79182],{"id":79178},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79181,14704],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79184,79185,79186,95],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79187,14704],{},[14,79189,79190,79191,79193],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79192,64038],{}," will not do that:",[44,79195,79197],{"className":46,"code":79196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79198,79199,79231,79249,79253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79202,3946],{"class":59},[53,79204,64],{"class":63},[53,79206,68],{"class":67},[53,79208,253],{"class":252},[53,79210,267],{"class":256},[53,79212,253],{"class":252},[53,79214,75],{"class":67},[53,79216,264],{"class":252},[53,79218,38221],{"class":256},[53,79220,253],{"class":252},[53,79222,75],{"class":67},[53,79224,264],{"class":252},[53,79226,257],{"class":256},[53,79228,253],{"class":252},[53,79230,86],{"class":67},[53,79232,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79234,3988],{"class":59},[53,79236,95],{"class":67},[53,79238,34663],{"class":98},[53,79240,102],{"class":67},[53,79242,14704],{"class":9043},[53,79244,64],{"class":63},[53,79246,11029],{"class":114},[53,79248,108],{"class":67},[53,79250,79251],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,79252,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,79254,79255,79257,79259,79261],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,79256,115],{"class":114},[53,79258,102],{"class":67},[53,79260,3988],{"class":98},[53,79262,108],{"class":67},[830,79264,79266],{"id":79265},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79268,79269],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[44,79271,79273],{"className":46,"code":79272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79274,79275,79309,79319,79323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79276,79277,79279,79281,79283,79285,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79305,79307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79278,3946],{"class":59},[53,79280,64],{"class":63},[53,79282,68],{"class":67},[53,79284,253],{"class":252},[53,79286,79287],{"class":256},"zebra",[53,79289,253],{"class":252},[53,79291,75],{"class":67},[53,79293,264],{"class":252},[53,79295,57493],{"class":256},[53,79297,253],{"class":252},[53,79299,75],{"class":67},[53,79301,264],{"class":252},[53,79303,79304],{"class":256},"monkey",[53,79306,253],{"class":252},[53,79308,86],{"class":67},[53,79310,79311,79313,79315,79317],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79312,3988],{"class":59},[53,79314,95],{"class":67},[53,79316,34663],{"class":98},[53,79318,8510],{"class":67},[53,79320,79321],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,79322,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,79324,79325,79327,79329,79331],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,79326,115],{"class":114},[53,79328,102],{"class":67},[53,79330,3988],{"class":98},[53,79332,108],{"class":67},[14,79334,328],{},[44,79336,79338],{"className":46,"code":79337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79339,79340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79341,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79343,338],{"class":67},[53,79345,341],{"class":252},[53,79347,57493],{"class":256},[53,79349,341],{"class":252},[53,79351,75],{"class":67},[53,79353,350],{"class":252},[53,79355,79304],{"class":256},[53,79357,341],{"class":252},[53,79359,75],{"class":67},[53,79361,350],{"class":252},[53,79363,79287],{"class":256},[53,79365,341],{"class":252},[53,79367,86],{"class":67},[14,79369,131,79370,79372],{},[18,79371,78312],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[830,79374,60436],{"id":60435},[14,79376,79377],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,79379,79381],{"className":46,"code":79380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79382,79383,79393,79407,79421,79435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79384,79385,79387,79389,79391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79386,115],{"class":114},[53,79388,102],{"class":67},[53,79390,203],{"class":98},[53,79392,108],{"class":67},[53,79394,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79396,115],{"class":114},[53,79398,102],{"class":67},[53,79400,3102],{"class":2782},[53,79402,102],{"class":67},[53,79404,203],{"class":98},[53,79406,1907],{"class":67},[53,79408,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,79410,115],{"class":114},[53,79412,102],{"class":67},[53,79414,203],{"class":98},[53,79416,95],{"class":67},[53,79418,34663],{"class":98},[53,79420,7064],{"class":67},[53,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,79424,115],{"class":114},[53,79426,102],{"class":67},[53,79428,74241],{"class":114},[53,79430,102],{"class":67},[53,79432,203],{"class":98},[53,79434,1907],{"class":67},[53,79436,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,79438,115],{"class":114},[53,79440,619],{"class":67},[53,79442,3102],{"class":2782},[53,79444,102],{"class":67},[53,79446,212],{"class":98},[53,79448,3539],{"class":67},[53,79450,3755],{"class":1558},[53,79452,5833],{"class":98},[53,79454,1565],{"class":1558},[53,79456,8262],{"class":98},[53,79458,632],{"class":67},[14,79460,11038],{},[140,79462,79463,79466,79469,79476,79482],{},[143,79464,79465],{},"What values are in the list",[143,79467,79468],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[143,79470,79471,79472,1129,79474],{},"That ",[18,79473,64038],{},[18,79475,232],{},[143,79477,79478,79479,79481],{},"Whether ",[18,79480,74151],{}," works better for your case",[143,79483,79484],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79486,79487,79488,79490],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79489,2885],{}," problems.",[39,79492,1650],{"id":1649},[830,79494,12570,79496,55193],{"id":79495},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79497,77594],{},[14,79499,62329,79500,95],{},[18,79501,232],{},[830,79503,5055,79505,4269,79507,2370],{"id":79504},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79506,64038],{},[18,79508,74151],{},[14,79510,79511,79513,79514,79516],{},[18,79512,64038],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79515,74151],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[830,79518,79520],{"id":79519},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79522,18559],{},[44,79524,79526],{"className":46,"code":79525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79527,79528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79529,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79531,203],{"class":59},[53,79533,95],{"class":67},[53,79535,34663],{"class":98},[53,79537,102],{"class":67},[53,79539,73304],{"class":9043},[53,79541,64],{"class":63},[53,79543,573],{"class":369},[53,79545,108],{"class":67},[830,79547,79549],{"id":79548},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79551,18559],{},[44,79553,79555],{"className":46,"code":79554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79556,79557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79558,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79560,203],{"class":59},[53,79562,95],{"class":67},[53,79564,34663],{"class":98},[53,79566,102],{"class":67},[53,79568,14704],{"class":9043},[53,79570,64],{"class":63},[53,79572,3324],{"class":2782},[53,79574,95],{"class":67},[53,79576,8507],{"class":24615},[53,79578,108],{"class":67},[14,79580,79581],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[830,79583,79585,79586,79588],{"id":79584},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79587,2885],{}," when sorting?",[14,79590,79591],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[39,79593,1782],{"id":1781},[140,79595,79596,79601,79607,79611],{},[143,79597,79598],{},[183,79599,79600],{"href":78103},"How to sort a list in Python",[143,79602,79603],{},[183,79604,3457,79605,5656],{"href":74248},[18,79606,74151],{},[143,79608,79609],{},[183,79610,66804],{"href":185},[143,79612,79613],{},[183,79614,78853],{"href":78852},[1810,79616,79617],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":79619},[79620,79621,79623,79624,79625,79626,79628,79630,79641,79651],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":77660,"depth":89,"text":79622},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":77915,"depth":89,"text":77916},{"id":78107,"depth":89,"text":78108},{"id":78429,"depth":89,"text":79627},"Using the key argument",{"id":78694,"depth":89,"text":79629},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":79631},[79632,79634,79635,79637,79639,79640],{"id":78863,"depth":111,"text":79633},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78972,"depth":111,"text":78973},{"id":79024,"depth":111,"text":79636},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79178,"depth":111,"text":79638},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79265,"depth":111,"text":79266},{"id":60435,"depth":111,"text":60436},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":79642},[79643,79645,79647,79648,79649],{"id":79495,"depth":111,"text":79644},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79504,"depth":111,"text":79646},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79519,"depth":111,"text":79520},{"id":79548,"depth":111,"text":79549},{"id":79584,"depth":111,"text":79650},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77582,"description":79652},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79659,"title":79660,"body":79661,"description":82292,"extension":1841,"meta":82293,"navigation":301,"path":82294,"seo":82295,"stem":82296,"__hash__":82297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79662,"toc":82251},[79663,79668,79673,79676,79687,79690,79710,79712,79774,79776,79817,79826,79831,79836,79842,79853,79855,79874,79877,79882,79887,79889,79894,79908,79910,79928,79931,79948,79951,79957,79980,79985,79987,79990,80051,80053,80086,80088,80127,80135,80145,80151,80156,80249,80251,80275,80277,80295,80298,80329,80335,80340,80343,80345,80470,80472,80496,80498,80517,80523,80529,80648,80650,80667,80674,80680,80685,80692,80698,80700,80757,80760,80781,80784,80787,80848,80850,80883,80887,80957,80959,80976,80980,80983,81058,81060,81097,81100,81103,81174,81176,81237,81242,81247,81250,81264,81266,81339,81341,81361,81364,81367,81424,81486,81489,81521,81524,81539,81544,81546,81552,81555,81611,81614,81616,81635,81639,81641,81685,81694,81696,81756,81760,81763,81765,81858,81860,81975,81979,81981,82055,82058,82061,82063,82068,82133,82135,82159,82169,82171,82177,82186,82195,82204,82210,82213,82217,82220,82222,82248],[10,79664,3457,79666,3461],{"id":79665},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79667,39580],{},[14,79669,3464,79670,79672],{},[18,79671,39580],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79674,79675],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[140,79677,79678,79681,79684],{},[143,79679,79680],{},"converting numbers to strings",[143,79682,79683],{},"changing strings to integers",[143,79685,79686],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79688,79689],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[140,79691,79692,79699,79705],{},[143,79693,79694,13916,79696,79698],{},[18,79695,39580],{},[23,79697,36],{}," return a list in Python 3",[143,79700,79701,79702],{},"it returns a ",[23,79703,79704],{},"map object",[143,79706,79707,79708],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79709,24646],{},[39,79711,1882],{"id":1881},[44,79713,79715],{"className":46,"code":79714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79716,79717,79741,79760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79720,60],{"class":59},[53,79722,64],{"class":63},[53,79724,68],{"class":67},[53,79726,72],{"class":71},[53,79728,75],{"class":67},[53,79730,78],{"class":71},[53,79732,75],{"class":67},[53,79734,83],{"class":71},[53,79736,75],{"class":67},[53,79738,759],{"class":71},[53,79740,86],{"class":67},[53,79742,79743,79745,79747,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,79744,276],{"class":59},[53,79746,64],{"class":63},[53,79748,79749],{"class":114}," map",[53,79751,102],{"class":67},[53,79753,3324],{"class":2782},[53,79755,75],{"class":67},[53,79757,4138],{"class":98},[53,79759,108],{"class":67},[53,79761,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,79763,115],{"class":114},[53,79765,102],{"class":67},[53,79767,7961],{"class":2782},[53,79769,102],{"class":67},[53,79771,323],{"class":98},[53,79773,1907],{"class":67},[14,79775,328],{},[44,79777,79779],{"className":46,"code":79778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,79780,79781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79782,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79784,338],{"class":67},[53,79786,341],{"class":252},[53,79788,72],{"class":256},[53,79790,341],{"class":252},[53,79792,75],{"class":67},[53,79794,350],{"class":252},[53,79796,1937],{"class":256},[53,79798,341],{"class":252},[53,79800,75],{"class":67},[53,79802,350],{"class":252},[53,79804,754],{"class":256},[53,79806,341],{"class":252},[53,79808,75],{"class":67},[53,79810,350],{"class":252},[53,79812,105],{"class":256},[53,79814,341],{"class":252},[53,79816,86],{"class":67},[14,79818,131,79819,79822,79823,79825],{},[18,79820,79821],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,79824,24646],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[39,79827,3556,79829,3559],{"id":79828},"what-map-does",[18,79830,39580],{},[14,79832,79833,79835],{},[18,79834,39580],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79837,79838,79839,79841],{},"An ",[23,79840,3600],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[140,79843,79844,79846,79848,79850],{},[143,79845,37764],{},[143,79847,37767],{},[143,79849,37770],{},[143,79851,79852],{},"a range object",[14,79854,30591],{},[44,79856,79858],{"className":46,"code":79857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,79859,79860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79861,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870,79872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79863,39723],{"class":114},[53,79865,102],{"class":67},[53,79867,37723],{"class":98},[53,79869,75],{"class":67},[53,79871,37728],{"class":98},[53,79873,108],{"class":67},[14,79875,79876],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79878,79879,79880,33605],{},"Important: the result is a ",[23,79881,79704],{},[14,79883,79884,79885,95],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[183,79886,5011],{"href":5010},[39,79888,2039],{"id":2038},[14,79890,79891,79893],{},[18,79892,39580],{}," needs at least two parts:",[140,79895,79896,79902],{},[143,79897,79898,79901],{},[23,79899,79900],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[143,79903,79904,79907],{},[23,79905,79906],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79909,3585],{},[44,79911,79912],{"className":46,"code":79857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,79913,79914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79915,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79917,39723],{"class":114},[53,79919,102],{"class":67},[53,79921,37723],{"class":98},[53,79923,75],{"class":67},[53,79925,37728],{"class":98},[53,79927,108],{"class":67},[14,79929,79930],{},"You can pass:",[140,79932,79933,79942,79945],{},[143,79934,79935,79936,2072,79938,2076,79940],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,79937,3324],{},[18,79939,2071],{},[18,79941,1896],{},[143,79943,79944],{},"your own custom function",[143,79946,79947],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79949,79950],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79952,79953,79954,79956],{},"You will often see ",[18,79955,39580],{}," used like this:",[44,79958,79960],{"className":46,"code":79959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,79961,79962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79963,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79965,7961],{"class":2782},[53,79967,102],{"class":67},[53,79969,39723],{"class":114},[53,79971,102],{"class":67},[53,79973,37723],{"class":98},[53,79975,75],{"class":67},[53,79977,3763],{"class":98},[53,79979,1907],{"class":67},[14,79981,6546,79982,79984],{},[18,79983,24646],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[39,79986,385],{"id":384},[14,79988,79989],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[44,79991,79993],{"className":46,"code":79992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79994,79995,80015,80033,80037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79996,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79998,60],{"class":59},[53,80000,64],{"class":63},[53,80002,68],{"class":67},[53,80004,539],{"class":71},[53,80006,75],{"class":67},[53,80008,7658],{"class":71},[53,80010,75],{"class":67},[53,80012,7663],{"class":71},[53,80014,86],{"class":67},[53,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80018,276],{"class":59},[53,80020,64],{"class":63},[53,80022,79749],{"class":114},[53,80024,102],{"class":67},[53,80026,3324],{"class":2782},[53,80028,75],{"class":67},[53,80030,4138],{"class":98},[53,80032,108],{"class":67},[53,80034,80035],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80036,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80038,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80040,115],{"class":114},[53,80042,102],{"class":67},[53,80044,7961],{"class":2782},[53,80046,102],{"class":67},[53,80048,323],{"class":98},[53,80050,1907],{"class":67},[14,80052,328],{},[44,80054,80056],{"className":46,"code":80055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80057,80058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80059,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80061,338],{"class":67},[53,80063,341],{"class":252},[53,80065,539],{"class":256},[53,80067,341],{"class":252},[53,80069,75],{"class":67},[53,80071,350],{"class":252},[53,80073,15618],{"class":256},[53,80075,341],{"class":252},[53,80077,75],{"class":67},[53,80079,350],{"class":252},[53,80081,36703],{"class":256},[53,80083,341],{"class":252},[53,80085,86],{"class":67},[14,80087,11551],{},[140,80089,80090,80095,80103,80111,80119],{},[143,80091,80092,80094],{},[18,80093,92],{}," contains integers",[143,80096,80097,80100,80101],{},[18,80098,80099],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80102,47546],{},[143,80104,80105,717,80108],{},[18,80106,80107],{},"str(10)",[18,80109,80110],{},"'10'",[143,80112,80113,717,80116],{},[18,80114,80115],{},"str(20)",[18,80117,80118],{},"'20'",[143,80120,80121,717,80124],{},[18,80122,80123],{},"str(30)",[18,80125,80126],{},"'30'",[14,80128,1134,80129,80131,80132,80134],{},[18,80130,39580],{}," applies ",[18,80133,47546],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80136,80137,80138,80140,80141,95],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80139,24646],{}," better, see ",[183,80142,3457,80143,3390],{"href":64574},[18,80144,24646],{},[39,80146,833,80148,80150],{"id":80147},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80149,39580],{}," with your own function",[14,80152,15578,80153,80155],{},[18,80154,39580],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[44,80157,80159],{"className":46,"code":80158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80160,80161,80174,80184,80188,80212,80231,80235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80162,80163,80165,80168,80170,80172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80164,34715],{"class":1945},[53,80166,80167],{"class":34718}," double",[53,80169,102],{"class":67},[53,80171,2056],{"class":37525},[53,80173,1580],{"class":67},[53,80175,80176,80178,80180,80182],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80177,34726],{"class":1558},[53,80179,3758],{"class":59},[53,80181,1597],{"class":63},[53,80183,45452],{"class":71},[53,80185,80186],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80187,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80191,60],{"class":59},[53,80193,64],{"class":63},[53,80195,68],{"class":67},[53,80197,72],{"class":71},[53,80199,75],{"class":67},[53,80201,78],{"class":71},[53,80203,75],{"class":67},[53,80205,83],{"class":71},[53,80207,75],{"class":67},[53,80209,759],{"class":71},[53,80211,86],{"class":67},[53,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80225,80227,80229],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,80215,276],{"class":59},[53,80217,64],{"class":63},[53,80219,79749],{"class":114},[53,80221,102],{"class":67},[53,80223,80224],{"class":98},"double",[53,80226,75],{"class":67},[53,80228,4138],{"class":98},[53,80230,108],{"class":67},[53,80232,80233],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,80234,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80236,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,80238,115],{"class":114},[53,80240,102],{"class":67},[53,80242,7961],{"class":2782},[53,80244,102],{"class":67},[53,80246,323],{"class":98},[53,80248,1907],{"class":67},[14,80250,328],{},[44,80252,80253],{"className":46,"code":39748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,80254,80255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80256,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80258,338],{"class":67},[53,80260,1937],{"class":71},[53,80262,75],{"class":67},[53,80264,759],{"class":71},[53,80266,75],{"class":67},[53,80268,37506],{"class":71},[53,80270,75],{"class":67},[53,80272,6232],{"class":71},[53,80274,86],{"class":67},[14,80276,65311],{},[140,80278,80279,80286,80292],{},[143,80280,80281,80283,80284],{},[18,80282,39580],{}," takes the function ",[18,80285,80224],{},[143,80287,80288,80289,80291],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80290,92],{}," into that function",[143,80293,80294],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80296,80297],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[140,80299,80300,80307,80314,80322],{},[143,80301,80302,5944,80305],{},[18,80303,80304],{},"double(1)",[18,80306,1937],{},[143,80308,80309,5944,80312],{},[18,80310,80311],{},"double(2)",[18,80313,105],{},[143,80315,80316,5944,80319],{},[18,80317,80318],{},"double(3)",[18,80320,80321],{},"6",[143,80323,80324,5944,80327],{},[18,80325,80326],{},"double(4)",[18,80328,2224],{},[39,80330,833,80332,80334],{"id":80331},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80333,39580],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80336,80337,80339],{},[18,80338,39580],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80341,80342],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80344,235],{},[44,80346,80348],{"className":46,"code":80347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80349,80350,80367,80377,80381,80402,80423,80427,80452,80456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80351,80352,80354,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80353,34715],{"class":1945},[53,80355,80356],{"class":34718}," add_numbers",[53,80358,102],{"class":67},[53,80360,183],{"class":37525},[53,80362,75],{"class":67},[53,80364,2437],{"class":37525},[53,80366,1580],{"class":67},[53,80368,80369,80371,80373,80375],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80370,34726],{"class":1558},[53,80372,44407],{"class":59},[53,80374,1940],{"class":63},[53,80376,36046],{"class":59},[53,80378,80379],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80380,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80382,80383,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80384,80385],{"class":59},"list1 ",[53,80387,64],{"class":63},[53,80389,68],{"class":67},[53,80391,72],{"class":71},[53,80393,75],{"class":67},[53,80395,78],{"class":71},[53,80397,75],{"class":67},[53,80399,83],{"class":71},[53,80401,86],{"class":67},[53,80403,80404,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,80405,80406],{"class":59},"list2 ",[53,80408,64],{"class":63},[53,80410,68],{"class":67},[53,80412,539],{"class":71},[53,80414,75],{"class":67},[53,80416,7658],{"class":71},[53,80418,75],{"class":67},[53,80420,7663],{"class":71},[53,80422,86],{"class":67},[53,80424,80425],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,80426,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80428,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80440,80442,80445,80447,80450],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,80430,276],{"class":59},[53,80432,64],{"class":63},[53,80434,79749],{"class":114},[53,80436,102],{"class":67},[53,80438,80439],{"class":98},"add_numbers",[53,80441,75],{"class":67},[53,80443,80444],{"class":98}," list1",[53,80446,75],{"class":67},[53,80448,80449],{"class":98}," list2",[53,80451,108],{"class":67},[53,80453,80454],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,80455,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80457,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,80459,115],{"class":114},[53,80461,102],{"class":67},[53,80463,7961],{"class":2782},[53,80465,102],{"class":67},[53,80467,323],{"class":98},[53,80469,1907],{"class":67},[14,80471,328],{},[44,80473,80475],{"className":46,"code":80474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80476,80477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80478,80479,80481,80484,80486,80489,80491,80494],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80480,338],{"class":67},[53,80482,80483],{"class":71},"11",[53,80485,75],{"class":67},[53,80487,80488],{"class":71}," 22",[53,80490,75],{"class":67},[53,80492,80493],{"class":71}," 33",[53,80495,86],{"class":67},[14,80497,2061],{},[140,80499,80500,80506,80512],{},[143,80501,80502,80503],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80504,80505],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[143,80507,80508,80509],{},"then ",[18,80510,80511],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[143,80513,80508,80514],{},[18,80515,80516],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[830,80518,80520,80522],{"id":80519},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80521,39580],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80524,80525,80526,80528],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80527,39580],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[44,80530,80532],{"className":46,"code":80531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80533,80534,80550,80560,80564,80588,80604,80608,80630,80634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80535,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80537,34715],{"class":1945},[53,80539,80356],{"class":34718},[53,80541,102],{"class":67},[53,80543,183],{"class":37525},[53,80545,75],{"class":67},[53,80547,2437],{"class":37525},[53,80549,1580],{"class":67},[53,80551,80552,80554,80556,80558],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80553,34726],{"class":1558},[53,80555,44407],{"class":59},[53,80557,1940],{"class":63},[53,80559,36046],{"class":59},[53,80561,80562],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80563,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80565,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80567,80385],{"class":59},[53,80569,64],{"class":63},[53,80571,68],{"class":67},[53,80573,72],{"class":71},[53,80575,75],{"class":67},[53,80577,78],{"class":71},[53,80579,75],{"class":67},[53,80581,83],{"class":71},[53,80583,75],{"class":67},[53,80585,759],{"class":71},[53,80587,86],{"class":67},[53,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,80591,80406],{"class":59},[53,80593,64],{"class":63},[53,80595,68],{"class":67},[53,80597,539],{"class":71},[53,80599,75],{"class":67},[53,80601,7658],{"class":71},[53,80603,86],{"class":67},[53,80605,80606],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,80607,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80609,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,80611,276],{"class":59},[53,80613,64],{"class":63},[53,80615,79749],{"class":114},[53,80617,102],{"class":67},[53,80619,80439],{"class":98},[53,80621,75],{"class":67},[53,80623,80444],{"class":98},[53,80625,75],{"class":67},[53,80627,80449],{"class":98},[53,80629,108],{"class":67},[53,80631,80632],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,80633,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80635,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,80637,115],{"class":114},[53,80639,102],{"class":67},[53,80641,7961],{"class":2782},[53,80643,102],{"class":67},[53,80645,323],{"class":98},[53,80647,1907],{"class":67},[14,80649,328],{},[44,80651,80653],{"className":46,"code":80652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80654,80655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80656,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80658,338],{"class":67},[53,80660,80483],{"class":71},[53,80662,75],{"class":67},[53,80664,80488],{"class":71},[53,80666,86],{"class":67},[14,80668,80669,80670,80673],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80671,80672],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[39,80675,80677,80679],{"id":80676},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80678,39580],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80681,37886,80682,80684],{},[18,80683,39580],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80686,80687,80688,80691],{},"This object is ",[23,80689,80690],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[830,80693,2366,80695,80697],{"id":80694},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80696,32891],{}," looks strange",[14,80699,33506],{},[44,80701,80703],{"className":46,"code":80702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80704,80705,80725,80743,80747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80706,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80708,60],{"class":59},[53,80710,64],{"class":63},[53,80712,68],{"class":67},[53,80714,72],{"class":71},[53,80716,75],{"class":67},[53,80718,78],{"class":71},[53,80720,75],{"class":67},[53,80722,83],{"class":71},[53,80724,86],{"class":67},[53,80726,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80728,276],{"class":59},[53,80730,64],{"class":63},[53,80732,79749],{"class":114},[53,80734,102],{"class":67},[53,80736,3324],{"class":2782},[53,80738,75],{"class":67},[53,80740,4138],{"class":98},[53,80742,108],{"class":67},[53,80744,80745],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80746,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80748,80749,80751,80753,80755],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80750,115],{"class":114},[53,80752,102],{"class":67},[53,80754,323],{"class":98},[53,80756,108],{"class":67},[14,80758,80759],{},"Output will look something like this:",[44,80761,80763],{"className":46,"code":80762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80764,80765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80766,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80768,3171],{"class":63},[53,80770,39723],{"class":114},[53,80772,24482],{"class":2782},[53,80774,37226],{"class":59},[53,80776,37230],{"class":37229},[53,80778,37233],{"class":34317},[53,80780,3183],{"class":63},[14,80782,80783],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80785,80786],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[44,80788,80790],{"className":46,"code":80789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80791,80792,80812,80830,80834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80793,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80795,60],{"class":59},[53,80797,64],{"class":63},[53,80799,68],{"class":67},[53,80801,72],{"class":71},[53,80803,75],{"class":67},[53,80805,78],{"class":71},[53,80807,75],{"class":67},[53,80809,83],{"class":71},[53,80811,86],{"class":67},[53,80813,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80815,276],{"class":59},[53,80817,64],{"class":63},[53,80819,79749],{"class":114},[53,80821,102],{"class":67},[53,80823,3324],{"class":2782},[53,80825,75],{"class":67},[53,80827,4138],{"class":98},[53,80829,108],{"class":67},[53,80831,80832],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80833,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80835,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80837,115],{"class":114},[53,80839,102],{"class":67},[53,80841,7961],{"class":2782},[53,80843,102],{"class":67},[53,80845,323],{"class":98},[53,80847,1907],{"class":67},[14,80849,328],{},[44,80851,80853],{"className":46,"code":80852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80854,80855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80856,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80858,338],{"class":67},[53,80860,341],{"class":252},[53,80862,72],{"class":256},[53,80864,341],{"class":252},[53,80866,75],{"class":67},[53,80868,350],{"class":252},[53,80870,1937],{"class":256},[53,80872,341],{"class":252},[53,80874,75],{"class":67},[53,80876,350],{"class":252},[53,80878,754],{"class":256},[53,80880,341],{"class":252},[53,80882,86],{"class":67},[830,80884,80886],{"id":80885},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[44,80888,80890],{"className":46,"code":80889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,80891,80892,80912,80930,80934,80947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80893,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80895,60],{"class":59},[53,80897,64],{"class":63},[53,80899,68],{"class":67},[53,80901,72],{"class":71},[53,80903,75],{"class":67},[53,80905,78],{"class":71},[53,80907,75],{"class":67},[53,80909,83],{"class":71},[53,80911,86],{"class":67},[53,80913,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80915,276],{"class":59},[53,80917,64],{"class":63},[53,80919,79749],{"class":114},[53,80921,102],{"class":67},[53,80923,3324],{"class":2782},[53,80925,75],{"class":67},[53,80927,4138],{"class":98},[53,80929,108],{"class":67},[53,80931,80932],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80933,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,80935,80936,80938,80940,80942,80945],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,80937,1559],{"class":1558},[53,80939,5833],{"class":59},[53,80941,1565],{"class":1558},[53,80943,80944],{"class":59}," result",[53,80946,6265],{"class":67},[53,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,80950,7936],{"class":114},[53,80952,102],{"class":67},[53,80954,212],{"class":98},[53,80956,108],{"class":67},[14,80958,328],{},[44,80960,80962],{"className":46,"code":80961,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,80963,80964,80968,80972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80965,80966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80967,46779],{"class":71},[53,80969,80970],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,80971,16921],{"class":71},[53,80973,80974],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,80975,46479],{"class":71},[830,80977,80979],{"id":80978},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,80981,80982],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[44,80984,80986],{"className":46,"code":80985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80987,80988,81008,81026,81030,81044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80989,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80991,60],{"class":59},[53,80993,64],{"class":63},[53,80995,68],{"class":67},[53,80997,72],{"class":71},[53,80999,75],{"class":67},[53,81001,78],{"class":71},[53,81003,75],{"class":67},[53,81005,83],{"class":71},[53,81007,86],{"class":67},[53,81009,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81011,276],{"class":59},[53,81013,64],{"class":63},[53,81015,79749],{"class":114},[53,81017,102],{"class":67},[53,81019,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81021,75],{"class":67},[53,81023,4138],{"class":98},[53,81025,108],{"class":67},[53,81027,81028],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81029,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81031,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81033,115],{"class":114},[53,81035,102],{"class":67},[53,81037,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81039,102],{"class":67},[53,81041,323],{"class":98},[53,81043,1907],{"class":67},[53,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,81047,115],{"class":114},[53,81049,102],{"class":67},[53,81051,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81053,102],{"class":67},[53,81055,323],{"class":98},[53,81057,1907],{"class":67},[14,81059,328],{},[44,81061,81063],{"className":46,"code":81062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81064,81065,81093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81066,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81068,338],{"class":67},[53,81070,341],{"class":252},[53,81072,72],{"class":256},[53,81074,341],{"class":252},[53,81076,75],{"class":67},[53,81078,350],{"class":252},[53,81080,1937],{"class":256},[53,81082,341],{"class":252},[53,81084,75],{"class":67},[53,81086,350],{"class":252},[53,81088,754],{"class":256},[53,81090,341],{"class":252},[53,81092,86],{"class":67},[53,81094,81095],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81096,38160],{"class":67},[14,81098,81099],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81101,81102],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[44,81104,81106],{"className":46,"code":81105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81107,81108,81128,81150,81154,81164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81109,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81111,60],{"class":59},[53,81113,64],{"class":63},[53,81115,68],{"class":67},[53,81117,72],{"class":71},[53,81119,75],{"class":67},[53,81121,78],{"class":71},[53,81123,75],{"class":67},[53,81125,83],{"class":71},[53,81127,86],{"class":67},[53,81129,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81131,276],{"class":59},[53,81133,64],{"class":63},[53,81135,22425],{"class":2782},[53,81137,102],{"class":67},[53,81139,39723],{"class":114},[53,81141,102],{"class":67},[53,81143,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81145,75],{"class":67},[53,81147,4138],{"class":98},[53,81149,1907],{"class":67},[53,81151,81152],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81153,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81157,115],{"class":114},[53,81159,102],{"class":67},[53,81161,323],{"class":98},[53,81163,108],{"class":67},[53,81165,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,81167,115],{"class":114},[53,81169,102],{"class":67},[53,81171,323],{"class":98},[53,81173,108],{"class":67},[14,81175,328],{},[44,81177,81179],{"className":46,"code":81178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81180,81181,81209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81184,338],{"class":67},[53,81186,341],{"class":252},[53,81188,72],{"class":256},[53,81190,341],{"class":252},[53,81192,75],{"class":67},[53,81194,350],{"class":252},[53,81196,1937],{"class":256},[53,81198,341],{"class":252},[53,81200,75],{"class":67},[53,81202,350],{"class":252},[53,81204,754],{"class":256},[53,81206,341],{"class":252},[53,81208,86],{"class":67},[53,81210,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81212,338],{"class":67},[53,81214,341],{"class":252},[53,81216,72],{"class":256},[53,81218,341],{"class":252},[53,81220,75],{"class":67},[53,81222,350],{"class":252},[53,81224,1937],{"class":256},[53,81226,341],{"class":252},[53,81228,75],{"class":67},[53,81230,350],{"class":252},[53,81232,754],{"class":256},[53,81234,341],{"class":252},[53,81236,86],{"class":67},[39,81238,4835,81240],{"id":81239},"when-to-use-map",[18,81241,39580],{},[14,81243,81244,81246],{},[18,81245,39580],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81248,81249],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[140,81251,81252,81256,81260],{},[143,81253,81254],{},[18,81255,3324],{},[143,81257,81258],{},[18,81259,2071],{},[143,81261,81262],{},[18,81263,1896],{},[14,81265,235],{},[44,81267,81269],{"className":46,"code":81268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81270,81271,81303,81325,81329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81272,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81274,3702],{"class":59},[53,81276,64],{"class":63},[53,81278,68],{"class":67},[53,81280,341],{"class":252},[53,81282,72],{"class":256},[53,81284,341],{"class":252},[53,81286,75],{"class":67},[53,81288,350],{"class":252},[53,81290,1937],{"class":256},[53,81292,341],{"class":252},[53,81294,75],{"class":67},[53,81296,350],{"class":252},[53,81298,754],{"class":256},[53,81300,341],{"class":252},[53,81302,86],{"class":67},[53,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81306,60],{"class":59},[53,81308,64],{"class":63},[53,81310,22425],{"class":2782},[53,81312,102],{"class":67},[53,81314,39723],{"class":114},[53,81316,102],{"class":67},[53,81318,2071],{"class":2782},[53,81320,75],{"class":67},[53,81322,3763],{"class":98},[53,81324,1907],{"class":67},[53,81326,81327],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81328,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81330,81331,81333,81335,81337],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81332,115],{"class":114},[53,81334,102],{"class":67},[53,81336,92],{"class":98},[53,81338,108],{"class":67},[14,81340,328],{},[44,81342,81343],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,81344,81345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81346,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81348,338],{"class":67},[53,81350,72],{"class":71},[53,81352,75],{"class":67},[53,81354,78],{"class":71},[53,81356,75],{"class":67},[53,81358,83],{"class":71},[53,81360,86],{"class":67},[14,81362,81363],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81365,81366],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[44,81368,81370],{"className":46,"code":81369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81371,81372,81392,81414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81373,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81375,60],{"class":59},[53,81377,64],{"class":63},[53,81379,68],{"class":67},[53,81381,72],{"class":71},[53,81383,75],{"class":67},[53,81385,78],{"class":71},[53,81387,75],{"class":67},[53,81389,83],{"class":71},[53,81391,86],{"class":67},[53,81393,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81395,276],{"class":59},[53,81397,64],{"class":63},[53,81399,22425],{"class":2782},[53,81401,102],{"class":67},[53,81403,39723],{"class":114},[53,81405,102],{"class":67},[53,81407,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81409,75],{"class":67},[53,81411,4138],{"class":98},[53,81413,1907],{"class":67},[53,81415,81416,81418,81420,81422],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81417,115],{"class":114},[53,81419,102],{"class":67},[53,81421,323],{"class":98},[53,81423,108],{"class":67},[44,81425,81427],{"className":46,"code":81426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81428,81429,81449,81476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81430,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81432,60],{"class":59},[53,81434,64],{"class":63},[53,81436,68],{"class":67},[53,81438,72],{"class":71},[53,81440,75],{"class":67},[53,81442,78],{"class":71},[53,81444,75],{"class":67},[53,81446,83],{"class":71},[53,81448,86],{"class":67},[53,81450,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467,81470,81472,81474],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81452,276],{"class":59},[53,81454,64],{"class":63},[53,81456,68],{"class":67},[53,81458,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81460,102],{"class":67},[53,81462,75757],{"class":98},[53,81464,3539],{"class":67},[53,81466,3755],{"class":1558},[53,81468,81469],{"class":59}," n ",[53,81471,1565],{"class":1558},[53,81473,4138],{"class":59},[53,81475,86],{"class":67},[53,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81479,115],{"class":114},[53,81481,102],{"class":67},[53,81483,323],{"class":98},[53,81485,108],{"class":67},[14,81487,81488],{},"Both produce:",[44,81490,81491],{"className":46,"code":80852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,81492,81493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81494,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81496,338],{"class":67},[53,81498,341],{"class":252},[53,81500,72],{"class":256},[53,81502,341],{"class":252},[53,81504,75],{"class":67},[53,81506,350],{"class":252},[53,81508,1937],{"class":256},[53,81510,341],{"class":252},[53,81512,75],{"class":67},[53,81514,350],{"class":252},[53,81516,754],{"class":256},[53,81518,341],{"class":252},[53,81520,86],{"class":67},[14,81522,81523],{},"A simple rule:",[140,81525,81526,81531,81536],{},[143,81527,39853,81528,81530],{},[18,81529,39580],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[143,81532,39859,81533,81535],{},[18,81534,1559],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[143,81537,81538],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81540,81541,81542,95],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[183,81543,4268],{"href":4267},[39,81545,1039],{"id":1038},[830,81547,81549,81550],{"id":81548},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81551,24646],{},[14,81553,81554],{},"This is very common:",[44,81556,81557],{"className":46,"code":80702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,81558,81559,81579,81597,81601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81560,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81562,60],{"class":59},[53,81564,64],{"class":63},[53,81566,68],{"class":67},[53,81568,72],{"class":71},[53,81570,75],{"class":67},[53,81572,78],{"class":71},[53,81574,75],{"class":67},[53,81576,83],{"class":71},[53,81578,86],{"class":67},[53,81580,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81582,276],{"class":59},[53,81584,64],{"class":63},[53,81586,79749],{"class":114},[53,81588,102],{"class":67},[53,81590,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81592,75],{"class":67},[53,81594,4138],{"class":98},[53,81596,108],{"class":67},[53,81598,81599],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81600,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81602,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81604,115],{"class":114},[53,81606,102],{"class":67},[53,81608,323],{"class":98},[53,81610,108],{"class":67},[14,81612,81613],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81615,39125],{},[44,81617,81619],{"className":46,"code":81618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81620,81621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81622,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81624,115],{"class":114},[53,81626,102],{"class":67},[53,81628,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81630,102],{"class":67},[53,81632,323],{"class":98},[53,81634,1907],{"class":67},[830,81636,81638],{"id":81637},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81640,16508],{},[44,81642,81644],{"className":46,"code":81643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81645,81646,81666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81647,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81649,60],{"class":59},[53,81651,64],{"class":63},[53,81653,68],{"class":67},[53,81655,72],{"class":71},[53,81657,75],{"class":67},[53,81659,78],{"class":71},[53,81661,75],{"class":67},[53,81663,83],{"class":71},[53,81665,86],{"class":67},[53,81667,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81681,81683],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81669,276],{"class":59},[53,81671,64],{"class":63},[53,81673,79749],{"class":114},[53,81675,102],{"class":67},[53,81677,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81679,81680],{"class":67},"(),",[53,81682,4138],{"class":98},[53,81684,108],{"class":67},[14,81686,81687,81688,81690,81691,81693],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81689,47546],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81692,39580],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81695,16520],{},[44,81697,81698],{"className":46,"code":80789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,81699,81700,81720,81738,81742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81701,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81703,60],{"class":59},[53,81705,64],{"class":63},[53,81707,68],{"class":67},[53,81709,72],{"class":71},[53,81711,75],{"class":67},[53,81713,78],{"class":71},[53,81715,75],{"class":67},[53,81717,83],{"class":71},[53,81719,86],{"class":67},[53,81721,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81723,276],{"class":59},[53,81725,64],{"class":63},[53,81727,79749],{"class":114},[53,81729,102],{"class":67},[53,81731,3324],{"class":2782},[53,81733,75],{"class":67},[53,81735,4138],{"class":98},[53,81737,108],{"class":67},[53,81739,81740],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81741,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81743,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81745,115],{"class":114},[53,81747,102],{"class":67},[53,81749,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81751,102],{"class":67},[53,81753,323],{"class":98},[53,81755,1907],{"class":67},[830,81757,81759],{"id":81758},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81761,81762],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81764,16508],{},[44,81766,81768],{"className":46,"code":81767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81769,81770,81787,81797,81801,81821,81840,81844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81771,81772,81774,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81773,34715],{"class":1945},[53,81775,81776],{"class":34718}," add",[53,81778,102],{"class":67},[53,81780,183],{"class":37525},[53,81782,75],{"class":67},[53,81784,2437],{"class":37525},[53,81786,1580],{"class":67},[53,81788,81789,81791,81793,81795],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81790,34726],{"class":1558},[53,81792,44407],{"class":59},[53,81794,1940],{"class":63},[53,81796,36046],{"class":59},[53,81798,81799],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81800,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81804,60],{"class":59},[53,81806,64],{"class":63},[53,81808,68],{"class":67},[53,81810,72],{"class":71},[53,81812,75],{"class":67},[53,81814,78],{"class":71},[53,81816,75],{"class":67},[53,81818,83],{"class":71},[53,81820,86],{"class":67},[53,81822,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81834,81836,81838],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,81824,276],{"class":59},[53,81826,64],{"class":63},[53,81828,79749],{"class":114},[53,81830,102],{"class":67},[53,81832,81833],{"class":98},"add",[53,81835,75],{"class":67},[53,81837,4138],{"class":98},[53,81839,108],{"class":67},[53,81841,81842],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,81843,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81845,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,81847,115],{"class":114},[53,81849,102],{"class":67},[53,81851,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81853,102],{"class":67},[53,81855,323],{"class":98},[53,81857,1907],{"class":67},[14,81859,16520],{},[44,81861,81863],{"className":46,"code":81862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81864,81865,81881,81891,81895,81915,81935,81957,81961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81866,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81868,34715],{"class":1945},[53,81870,81776],{"class":34718},[53,81872,102],{"class":67},[53,81874,183],{"class":37525},[53,81876,75],{"class":67},[53,81878,2437],{"class":37525},[53,81880,1580],{"class":67},[53,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,81884,34726],{"class":1558},[53,81886,44407],{"class":59},[53,81888,1940],{"class":63},[53,81890,36046],{"class":59},[53,81892,81893],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,81894,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81896,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,81898,80385],{"class":59},[53,81900,64],{"class":63},[53,81902,68],{"class":67},[53,81904,72],{"class":71},[53,81906,75],{"class":67},[53,81908,78],{"class":71},[53,81910,75],{"class":67},[53,81912,83],{"class":71},[53,81914,86],{"class":67},[53,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,81918,80406],{"class":59},[53,81920,64],{"class":63},[53,81922,68],{"class":67},[53,81924,539],{"class":71},[53,81926,75],{"class":67},[53,81928,7658],{"class":71},[53,81930,75],{"class":67},[53,81932,7663],{"class":71},[53,81934,86],{"class":67},[53,81936,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,81938,276],{"class":59},[53,81940,64],{"class":63},[53,81942,79749],{"class":114},[53,81944,102],{"class":67},[53,81946,81833],{"class":98},[53,81948,75],{"class":67},[53,81950,80444],{"class":98},[53,81952,75],{"class":67},[53,81954,80449],{"class":98},[53,81956,108],{"class":67},[53,81958,81959],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,81960,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,81962,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,81964,115],{"class":114},[53,81966,102],{"class":67},[53,81968,7961],{"class":2782},[53,81970,102],{"class":67},[53,81972,323],{"class":98},[53,81974,1907],{"class":67},[830,81976,81978],{"id":81977},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81980,16508],{},[44,81982,81983],{"className":46,"code":80985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,81984,81985,82005,82023,82027,82041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81986,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81988,60],{"class":59},[53,81990,64],{"class":63},[53,81992,68],{"class":67},[53,81994,72],{"class":71},[53,81996,75],{"class":67},[53,81998,78],{"class":71},[53,82000,75],{"class":67},[53,82002,83],{"class":71},[53,82004,86],{"class":67},[53,82006,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82008,276],{"class":59},[53,82010,64],{"class":63},[53,82012,79749],{"class":114},[53,82014,102],{"class":67},[53,82016,3324],{"class":2782},[53,82018,75],{"class":67},[53,82020,4138],{"class":98},[53,82022,108],{"class":67},[53,82024,82025],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82026,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,82028,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82030,115],{"class":114},[53,82032,102],{"class":67},[53,82034,7961],{"class":2782},[53,82036,102],{"class":67},[53,82038,323],{"class":98},[53,82040,1907],{"class":67},[53,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,82044,115],{"class":114},[53,82046,102],{"class":67},[53,82048,7961],{"class":2782},[53,82050,102],{"class":67},[53,82052,323],{"class":98},[53,82054,1907],{"class":67},[14,82056,82057],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82059,82060],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[39,82062,67622],{"id":67621},[14,82064,8743,82065,82067],{},[18,82066,39580],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,82069,82071],{"className":46,"code":82070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82072,82073,82083,82097,82111,82123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82074,82075,82077,82079,82081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82076,115],{"class":114},[53,82078,102],{"class":67},[53,82080,323],{"class":98},[53,82082,108],{"class":67},[53,82084,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82086,115],{"class":114},[53,82088,102],{"class":67},[53,82090,7961],{"class":2782},[53,82092,102],{"class":67},[53,82094,323],{"class":98},[53,82096,1907],{"class":67},[53,82098,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82100,115],{"class":114},[53,82102,102],{"class":67},[53,82104,3102],{"class":2782},[53,82106,102],{"class":67},[53,82108,323],{"class":98},[53,82110,1907],{"class":67},[53,82112,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82114,1559],{"class":1558},[53,82116,5833],{"class":59},[53,82118,1565],{"class":1558},[53,82120,80944],{"class":59},[53,82122,6265],{"class":67},[53,82124,82125,82127,82129,82131],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,82126,7936],{"class":114},[53,82128,102],{"class":67},[53,82130,212],{"class":98},[53,82132,108],{"class":67},[14,82134,12538],{},[140,82136,82137,82142,82147,82153],{},[143,82138,82139,82141],{},[18,82140,32891],{}," shows that you have a map object",[143,82143,82144,82146],{},[18,82145,32899],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[143,82148,82149,82152],{},[18,82150,82151],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[143,82154,82155,82156,82158],{},"looping over ",[18,82157,323],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82160,82161,82162,82165,82166,82168],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82163,82164],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82167,1559],{}," loop consume the map object.",[39,82170,1650],{"id":1649},[830,82172,12570,82174,82176],{"id":82173},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82175,39580],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82178,82179,82180,82182,82183,23803],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82181,39580],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82184,82185],{},"list(map(...))",[830,82187,14766,82189,82191,82192,82194],{"id":82188},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82190,39580],{}," better than a ",[18,82193,1559],{}," loop?",[14,82196,82197,82198,82200,82201,82203],{},"Not always. ",[18,82199,39580],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82202,1559],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[830,82205,5045,82207,82209],{"id":82206},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82208,39580],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82211,82212],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[830,82214,82216],{"id":82215},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82218,82219],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[39,82221,1782],{"id":1781},[140,82223,82224,82230,82236,82240,82244],{},[143,82225,82226],{},[183,82227,3457,82228,3390],{"href":39948},[18,82229,37438],{},[143,82231,82232],{},[183,82233,3457,82234,3390],{"href":64574},[18,82235,24646],{},[143,82237,82238],{},[183,82239,5097],{"href":5006},[143,82241,82242],{},[183,82243,5102],{"href":4267},[143,82245,82246],{},[183,82247,5092],{"href":5010},[1810,82249,82250],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":82252},[82253,82254,82256,82257,82258,82260,82265,82272,82274,82281,82282,82291],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":79828,"depth":89,"text":82255},"What map() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":80147,"depth":89,"text":82259},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80331,"depth":89,"text":82261,"children":82262},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82263],{"id":80519,"depth":111,"text":82264},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80676,"depth":89,"text":82266,"children":82267},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82268,82270,82271],{"id":80694,"depth":111,"text":82269},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80885,"depth":111,"text":80886},{"id":80978,"depth":111,"text":80979},{"id":81239,"depth":89,"text":82273},"When to use map()",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":82275},[82276,82278,82279,82280],{"id":81548,"depth":111,"text":82277},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81637,"depth":111,"text":81638},{"id":81758,"depth":111,"text":81759},{"id":81977,"depth":111,"text":81978},{"id":67621,"depth":89,"text":67622},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":82283},[82284,82286,82288,82290],{"id":82173,"depth":111,"text":82285},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82188,"depth":111,"text":82287},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82206,"depth":111,"text":82289},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82215,"depth":111,"text":82216},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79660,"description":82292},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82299,"title":82300,"body":82301,"description":84321,"extension":1841,"meta":84322,"navigation":301,"path":84323,"seo":84324,"stem":84325,"__hash__":84326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82302,"toc":84279},[82303,82309,82314,82317,82325,82328,82330,82454,82456,82474,82476,82496,82501,82505,82519,82522,82525,82527,82532,82644,82647,82665,82671,82674,82736,82738,82747,82750,82764,82766,82814,82816,82825,82835,82841,82844,82871,82873,82881,82884,82887,82957,82959,82967,82970,82975,82980,83031,83033,83041,83044,83046,83063,83065,83117,83120,83126,83130,83135,83138,83142,83201,83203,83212,83218,83227,83231,83294,83296,83304,83309,83313,83318,83398,83400,83409,83416,83421,83426,83429,83464,83466,83474,83477,83483,83485,83535,83537,83546,83549,83567,83569,83574,83580,83587,83614,83616,83639,83644,83679,83684,83690,83695,83738,83741,83744,83783,83790,83796,83801,83816,83820,83827,83830,83834,83839,83843,83848,83850,83911,83913,83942,83947,83954,83963,83965,83968,83993,83995,84098,84101,84119,84128,84130,84135,84138,84144,84147,84149,84159,84165,84169,84227,84234,84242,84244,84276],[10,82304,3457,82306,3461],{"id":82305},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82307,82308],{},"max()",[14,82310,8991,82311,82313],{},[18,82312,82308],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82315,82316],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[140,82318,82319,82322],{},[143,82320,82321],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[143,82323,82324],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82326,82327],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[39,82329,1882],{"id":1881},[44,82331,82333],{"className":46,"code":82332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82334,82335,82359,82374,82378,82404,82408,82440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82338,60],{"class":59},[53,82340,64],{"class":63},[53,82342,68],{"class":67},[53,82344,754],{"class":71},[53,82346,75],{"class":67},[53,82348,6232],{"class":71},[53,82350,75],{"class":67},[53,82352,78],{"class":71},[53,82354,75],{"class":67},[53,82356,1577],{"class":71},[53,82358,86],{"class":67},[53,82360,82361,82363,82365,82368,82370,82372],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82362,115],{"class":114},[53,82364,102],{"class":67},[53,82366,82367],{"class":114},"max",[53,82369,102],{"class":67},[53,82371,92],{"class":98},[53,82373,1907],{"class":67},[53,82375,82376],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82377,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,82379,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82381,115],{"class":114},[53,82383,102],{"class":67},[53,82385,82367],{"class":114},[53,82387,102],{"class":67},[53,82389,754],{"class":71},[53,82391,75],{"class":67},[53,82393,6232],{"class":71},[53,82395,75],{"class":67},[53,82397,78],{"class":71},[53,82399,75],{"class":67},[53,82401,1577],{"class":71},[53,82403,1907],{"class":67},[53,82405,82406],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,82407,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,82409,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,82411,3946],{"class":59},[53,82413,64],{"class":63},[53,82415,68],{"class":67},[53,82417,253],{"class":252},[53,82419,257],{"class":256},[53,82421,253],{"class":252},[53,82423,75],{"class":67},[53,82425,264],{"class":252},[53,82427,267],{"class":256},[53,82429,253],{"class":252},[53,82431,75],{"class":67},[53,82433,264],{"class":252},[53,82435,78471],{"class":256},[53,82437,253],{"class":252},[53,82439,86],{"class":67},[53,82441,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,82443,115],{"class":114},[53,82445,102],{"class":67},[53,82447,82367],{"class":114},[53,82449,102],{"class":67},[53,82451,3988],{"class":98},[53,82453,1907],{"class":67},[14,82455,328],{},[44,82457,82459],{"className":46,"code":82458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82460,82461,82465,82469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82462,82463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82464,2260],{"class":71},[53,82466,82467],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82468,2260],{"class":71},[53,82470,82471],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82472,82473],{"class":59},"pear\n",[14,82475,19821],{},[140,82477,82478,82484,82490],{},[143,82479,82480,82483],{},[18,82481,82482],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[143,82485,82486,82489],{},[18,82487,82488],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[143,82491,82492,82495],{},[18,82493,82494],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[39,82497,3556,82499,3559],{"id":82498},"what-max-does",[18,82500,82308],{},[14,82502,82503,597],{},[18,82504,82308],{},[140,82506,82507,82510,82513,82516],{},[143,82508,82509],{},"Returns the largest item",[143,82511,82512],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[143,82514,82515],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[143,82517,82518],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82520,82521],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82523,82524],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[39,82526,2039],{"id":2038},[14,82528,82529,82530,597],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82531,82308],{},[44,82533,82535],{"className":46,"code":82534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82536,82537,82547,82571,82593,82616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82538,82539,82541,82543,82545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82540,82367],{"class":114},[53,82542,102],{"class":67},[53,82544,3600],{"class":98},[53,82546,108],{"class":67},[53,82548,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557,82560,82562,82564,82566,82569],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82550,82367],{"class":114},[53,82552,102],{"class":67},[53,82554,3600],{"class":98},[53,82556,75],{"class":67},[53,82558,82559],{"class":63}," *",[53,82561,75],{"class":67},[53,82563,21444],{"class":9043},[53,82565,64],{"class":63},[53,82567,82568],{"class":98},"func",[53,82570,108],{"class":67},[53,82572,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82574,82367],{"class":114},[53,82576,102],{"class":67},[53,82578,3600],{"class":98},[53,82580,75],{"class":67},[53,82582,82559],{"class":63},[53,82584,75],{"class":67},[53,82586,26388],{"class":9043},[53,82588,64],{"class":63},[53,82590,2350],{"class":98},[53,82592,108],{"class":67},[53,82594,82595,82597,82599,82602,82604,82607,82609,82611,82614],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82596,82367],{"class":114},[53,82598,102],{"class":67},[53,82600,82601],{"class":98},"arg1",[53,82603,75],{"class":67},[53,82605,82606],{"class":98}," arg2",[53,82608,75],{"class":67},[53,82610,82559],{"class":63},[53,82612,82613],{"class":98},"args",[53,82615,108],{"class":67},[53,82617,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,82619,82367],{"class":114},[53,82621,102],{"class":67},[53,82623,82601],{"class":98},[53,82625,75],{"class":67},[53,82627,82606],{"class":98},[53,82629,75],{"class":67},[53,82631,82559],{"class":63},[53,82633,82613],{"class":98},[53,82635,75],{"class":67},[53,82637,21444],{"class":9043},[53,82639,64],{"class":63},[53,82641,82568],{"class":98},[53,82643,108],{"class":67},[14,82645,82646],{},"The most important parts are:",[140,82648,82649,82654,82659],{},[143,82650,82651,82653],{},[18,82652,3600],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[143,82655,82656,82658],{},[18,82657,14704],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[143,82660,82661,82664],{},[18,82662,82663],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[39,82666,833,82668,82670],{"id":82667},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82669,82308],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82672,82673],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[44,82675,82677],{"className":46,"code":82676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82678,82679,82705,82721,82725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82680,82681,82683,82685,82687,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82682,4938],{"class":59},[53,82684,64],{"class":63},[53,82686,68],{"class":67},[53,82688,82689],{"class":71},"72",[53,82691,75],{"class":67},[53,82693,51373],{"class":71},[53,82695,75],{"class":67},[53,82697,13372],{"class":71},[53,82699,75],{"class":67},[53,82701,82702],{"class":71}," 66",[53,82704,86],{"class":67},[53,82706,82707,82710,82712,82715,82717,82719],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82708,82709],{"class":59},"highest_score ",[53,82711,64],{"class":63},[53,82713,82714],{"class":114}," max",[53,82716,102],{"class":67},[53,82718,16253],{"class":98},[53,82720,108],{"class":67},[53,82722,82723],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82724,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,82726,82727,82729,82731,82734],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82728,115],{"class":114},[53,82730,102],{"class":67},[53,82732,82733],{"class":98},"highest_score",[53,82735,108],{"class":67},[14,82737,328],{},[44,82739,82741],{"className":46,"code":82740,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"91\n",[18,82742,82743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82744,82745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82746,82740],{"class":71},[14,82748,82749],{},"This works well for:",[140,82751,82752,82755,82758,82761],{},[143,82753,82754],{},"Scores",[143,82756,82757],{},"Prices",[143,82759,82760],{},"Ages",[143,82762,82763],{},"Counts",[14,82765,51943],{},[44,82767,82769],{"className":46,"code":82768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82770,82771,82799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82772,82773,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82787,82789,82792,82794,82797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82774,82775],{"class":59},"prices ",[53,82777,64],{"class":63},[53,82779,68],{"class":67},[53,82781,40261],{"class":71},[53,82783,75],{"class":67},[53,82785,82786],{"class":71}," 5.50",[53,82788,75],{"class":67},[53,82790,82791],{"class":71}," 12.75",[53,82793,75],{"class":67},[53,82795,82796],{"class":71}," 29.00",[53,82798,86],{"class":67},[53,82800,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82812],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82802,115],{"class":114},[53,82804,102],{"class":67},[53,82806,82367],{"class":114},[53,82808,102],{"class":67},[53,82810,82811],{"class":98},"prices",[53,82813,1907],{"class":67},[14,82815,328],{},[44,82817,82819],{"className":46,"code":82818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"29.0\n",[18,82820,82821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82822,82823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82824,82818],{"class":71},[14,82826,82827,82828,82830,82831,95],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,82829,82308],{}," is simpler than ",[183,82832,82833],{"href":74248},[18,82834,74151],{},[39,82836,833,82838,82840],{"id":82837},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,82839,82308],{}," with separate values",[14,82842,82843],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[44,82845,82847],{"className":46,"code":82846,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,82848,82849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82850,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82852,115],{"class":114},[53,82854,102],{"class":67},[53,82856,82367],{"class":114},[53,82858,102],{"class":67},[53,82860,105],{"class":71},[53,82862,75],{"class":67},[53,82864,30809],{"class":71},[53,82866,75],{"class":67},[53,82868,5865],{"class":71},[53,82870,1907],{"class":67},[14,82872,328],{},[44,82874,82875],{"className":46,"code":2106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,82876,82877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82878,82879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82880,2106],{"class":71},[14,82882,82883],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82885,82886],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[44,82888,82890],{"className":46,"code":82889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,82891,82892,82901,82909,82919,82923,82946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82893,82894,82896,82898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82895,2432],{"class":59},[53,82897,64],{"class":63},[53,82899,82900],{"class":71}," 15\n",[53,82902,82903,82905,82907],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,82904,2460],{"class":59},[53,82906,64],{"class":63},[53,82908,2647],{"class":71},[53,82910,82911,82914,82916],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,82912,82913],{"class":59},"c ",[53,82915,64],{"class":63},[53,82917,82918],{"class":71}," 27\n",[53,82920,82921],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,82922,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,82924,82925,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,82926,82927],{"class":59},"largest ",[53,82929,64],{"class":63},[53,82931,82714],{"class":114},[53,82933,102],{"class":67},[53,82935,183],{"class":98},[53,82937,75],{"class":67},[53,82939,2437],{"class":98},[53,82941,75],{"class":67},[53,82943,9549],{"class":98},[53,82945,108],{"class":67},[53,82947,82948,82950,82952,82955],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,82949,115],{"class":114},[53,82951,102],{"class":67},[53,82953,82954],{"class":98},"largest",[53,82956,108],{"class":67},[14,82958,328],{},[44,82960,82961],{"className":46,"code":46474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,82962,82963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82964,82965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82966,46474],{"class":71},[14,82968,82969],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[39,82971,833,82973,46921],{"id":82972},"using-max-with-strings",[18,82974,82308],{},[14,82976,82977,82979],{},[18,82978,82308],{}," can compare strings too.",[44,82981,82983],{"className":46,"code":82982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82984,82985,83017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82986,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82988,3946],{"class":59},[53,82990,64],{"class":63},[53,82992,68],{"class":67},[53,82994,253],{"class":252},[53,82996,257],{"class":256},[53,82998,253],{"class":252},[53,83000,75],{"class":67},[53,83002,264],{"class":252},[53,83004,267],{"class":256},[53,83006,253],{"class":252},[53,83008,75],{"class":67},[53,83010,264],{"class":252},[53,83012,78471],{"class":256},[53,83014,253],{"class":252},[53,83016,86],{"class":67},[53,83018,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83020,115],{"class":114},[53,83022,102],{"class":67},[53,83024,82367],{"class":114},[53,83026,102],{"class":67},[53,83028,3988],{"class":98},[53,83030,1907],{"class":67},[14,83032,328],{},[44,83034,83035],{"className":46,"code":82473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,83036,83037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83038,83039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83040,82473],{"class":59},[14,83042,83043],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83045,68010],{},[140,83047,83048,83057,83060],{},[143,83049,83050,83053,83054,83056],{},[18,83051,83052],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83055,65001],{}," alphabetically",[143,83058,83059],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[143,83061,83062],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83064,235],{},[44,83066,83068],{"className":46,"code":83067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83069,83070,83103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83071,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83073,3946],{"class":59},[53,83075,64],{"class":63},[53,83077,68],{"class":67},[53,83079,253],{"class":252},[53,83081,257],{"class":256},[53,83083,253],{"class":252},[53,83085,75],{"class":67},[53,83087,264],{"class":252},[53,83089,83090],{"class":256},"Banana",[53,83092,253],{"class":252},[53,83094,75],{"class":67},[53,83096,264],{"class":252},[53,83098,78471],{"class":256},[53,83100,253],{"class":252},[53,83102,86],{"class":67},[53,83104,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83106,115],{"class":114},[53,83108,102],{"class":67},[53,83110,82367],{"class":114},[53,83112,102],{"class":67},[53,83114,3988],{"class":98},[53,83116,1907],{"class":67},[14,83118,83119],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83121,83122,83123,83125],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83124,14704],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[39,83127,36474,83128,36477],{"id":78429},[18,83129,14704],{},[14,83131,16,83132,83134],{},[18,83133,14704],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83136,83137],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[830,83139,83141],{"id":83140},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[44,83143,83145],{"className":46,"code":83144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83146,83147,83179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83148,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83150,3946],{"class":59},[53,83152,64],{"class":63},[53,83154,68],{"class":67},[53,83156,253],{"class":252},[53,83158,36909],{"class":256},[53,83160,253],{"class":252},[53,83162,75],{"class":67},[53,83164,264],{"class":252},[53,83166,68053],{"class":256},[53,83168,253],{"class":252},[53,83170,75],{"class":67},[53,83172,264],{"class":252},[53,83174,57852],{"class":256},[53,83176,253],{"class":252},[53,83178,86],{"class":67},[53,83180,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83182,115],{"class":114},[53,83184,102],{"class":67},[53,83186,82367],{"class":114},[53,83188,102],{"class":67},[53,83190,3988],{"class":98},[53,83192,75],{"class":67},[53,83194,21444],{"class":9043},[53,83196,64],{"class":63},[53,83198,11029],{"class":114},[53,83200,1907],{"class":67},[14,83202,328],{},[44,83204,83206],{"className":46,"code":83205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"elephant\n",[18,83207,83208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83209,83210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83211,83205],{"class":59},[14,83213,20635,83214,83217],{},[18,83215,83216],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83219,83220,83221,33492,83223,95],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83222,42223],{},[183,83224,83225,5656],{"href":42220},[18,83226,42223],{},[830,83228,83230],{"id":83229},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[44,83232,83234],{"className":46,"code":83233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83235,83236,83268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83237,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83239,3946],{"class":59},[53,83241,64],{"class":63},[53,83243,68],{"class":67},[53,83245,253],{"class":252},[53,83247,257],{"class":256},[53,83249,253],{"class":252},[53,83251,75],{"class":67},[53,83253,264],{"class":252},[53,83255,83090],{"class":256},[53,83257,253],{"class":252},[53,83259,75],{"class":67},[53,83261,264],{"class":252},[53,83263,78471],{"class":256},[53,83265,253],{"class":252},[53,83267,86],{"class":67},[53,83269,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83271,115],{"class":114},[53,83273,102],{"class":67},[53,83275,82367],{"class":114},[53,83277,102],{"class":67},[53,83279,3988],{"class":98},[53,83281,75],{"class":67},[53,83283,21444],{"class":9043},[53,83285,64],{"class":63},[53,83287,3324],{"class":2782},[53,83289,95],{"class":67},[53,83291,8507],{"class":24615},[53,83293,1907],{"class":67},[14,83295,328],{},[44,83297,83298],{"className":46,"code":82473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,83299,83300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83301,83302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83303,82473],{"class":59},[14,83305,20635,83306,83308],{},[18,83307,78425],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[830,83310,83312],{"id":83311},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83314,83315,83316,597],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83317,37522],{},[44,83319,83321],{"className":46,"code":83320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83322,83323,83366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83324,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83344,83346,83348,83350,83353,83355,83357,83359,83362,83364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83326,516],{"class":59},[53,83328,64],{"class":63},[53,83330,68],{"class":67},[53,83332,253],{"class":252},[53,83334,183],{"class":256},[53,83336,253],{"class":252},[53,83338,75],{"class":67},[53,83340,264],{"class":252},[53,83342,83343],{"class":256},"bb",[53,83345,253],{"class":252},[53,83347,75],{"class":67},[53,83349,264],{"class":252},[53,83351,83352],{"class":256},"cccc",[53,83354,253],{"class":252},[53,83356,75],{"class":67},[53,83358,264],{"class":252},[53,83360,83361],{"class":256},"ddd",[53,83363,253],{"class":252},[53,83365,86],{"class":67},[53,83367,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83369,115],{"class":114},[53,83371,102],{"class":67},[53,83373,82367],{"class":114},[53,83375,102],{"class":67},[53,83377,530],{"class":98},[53,83379,75],{"class":67},[53,83381,21444],{"class":9043},[53,83383,64],{"class":63},[53,83385,37522],{"class":1945},[53,83387,42704],{"class":37525},[53,83389,597],{"class":67},[53,83391,38249],{"class":114},[53,83393,102],{"class":67},[53,83395,34572],{"class":98},[53,83397,2793],{"class":67},[14,83399,328],{},[44,83401,83403],{"className":46,"code":83402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cccc\n",[18,83404,83405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83406,83407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83408,83402],{"class":59},[14,83410,49413,83411,4269,83413,83415],{},[18,83412,83216],{},[18,83414,78312],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[39,83417,36474,83419,36477],{"id":83418},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83420,82663],{},[14,83422,16,83423,83425],{},[18,83424,82663],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83427,83428],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[44,83430,83432],{"className":46,"code":83431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83433,83434,83442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83435,83436,83438,83440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83437,60],{"class":59},[53,83439,64],{"class":63},[53,83441,521],{"class":67},[53,83443,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83445,115],{"class":114},[53,83447,102],{"class":67},[53,83449,82367],{"class":114},[53,83451,102],{"class":67},[53,83453,92],{"class":98},[53,83455,75],{"class":67},[53,83457,26388],{"class":9043},[53,83459,64],{"class":63},[53,83461,2000],{"class":71},[53,83463,1907],{"class":67},[14,83465,328],{},[44,83467,83468],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,83469,83470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83471,83472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83473,47114],{"class":71},[14,83475,83476],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83478,83479,83480,83482],{},"Without ",[18,83481,82663],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83484,51943],{},[44,83486,83488],{"className":46,"code":83487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83489,83490,83498,83525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83491,83492,83494,83496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83493,3946],{"class":59},[53,83495,64],{"class":63},[53,83497,521],{"class":67},[53,83499,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83521,83523],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83501,276],{"class":59},[53,83503,64],{"class":63},[53,83505,82714],{"class":114},[53,83507,102],{"class":67},[53,83509,3988],{"class":98},[53,83511,75],{"class":67},[53,83513,26388],{"class":9043},[53,83515,64],{"class":63},[53,83517,253],{"class":252},[53,83519,83520],{"class":256},"no words found",[53,83522,253],{"class":252},[53,83524,108],{"class":67},[53,83526,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,83528,115],{"class":114},[53,83530,102],{"class":67},[53,83532,323],{"class":98},[53,83534,108],{"class":67},[14,83536,328],{},[44,83538,83540],{"className":46,"code":83539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"no words found\n",[18,83541,83542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83543,83544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83545,83539],{"class":59},[14,83547,83548],{},"Important:",[140,83550,83551,83559],{},[143,83552,83553,83555,83556],{},[18,83554,82663],{}," works with ",[18,83557,83558],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[143,83560,40768,83561,83563,83564],{},[23,83562,36],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83565,83566],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[39,83568,47849],{"id":47848},[14,83570,83571,83572,95],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83573,82308],{},[830,83575,83577,83579],{"id":83576},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83578,40566],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83581,83582,83583,45771,83585,95],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83584,82663],{},[18,83586,40566],{},[44,83588,83590],{"className":46,"code":83589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83591,83592,83600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83593,83594,83596,83598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83595,60],{"class":59},[53,83597,64],{"class":63},[53,83599,521],{"class":67},[53,83601,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83603,115],{"class":114},[53,83605,102],{"class":67},[53,83607,82367],{"class":114},[53,83609,102],{"class":67},[53,83611,92],{"class":98},[53,83613,1907],{"class":67},[14,83615,29547],{},[44,83617,83619],{"className":46,"code":83618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83620,83621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83622,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83634,83636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83624,40566],{"class":2782},[53,83626,597],{"class":67},[53,83628,82714],{"class":114},[53,83630,7235],{"class":67},[53,83632,83633],{"class":59}," arg ",[53,83635,12059],{"class":63},[53,83637,83638],{"class":59}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83640,83641,83642,597],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83643,82663],{},[44,83645,83647],{"className":46,"code":83646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83648,83649,83657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83650,83651,83653,83655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83652,60],{"class":59},[53,83654,64],{"class":63},[53,83656,521],{"class":67},[53,83658,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83660,115],{"class":114},[53,83662,102],{"class":67},[53,83664,82367],{"class":114},[53,83666,102],{"class":67},[53,83668,92],{"class":98},[53,83670,75],{"class":67},[53,83672,26388],{"class":9043},[53,83674,64],{"class":63},[53,83676,232],{"class":369},[53,83678,1907],{"class":67},[14,83680,83681,83682,95],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[183,83683,65566],{"href":72605},[830,83685,83687,83689],{"id":83686},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83688,2885],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83691,83692,83693,95],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83694,2885],{},[44,83696,83698],{"className":46,"code":83697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83699,83700,83724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83701,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83703,516],{"class":59},[53,83705,64],{"class":63},[53,83707,68],{"class":67},[53,83709,539],{"class":71},[53,83711,75],{"class":67},[53,83713,264],{"class":252},[53,83715,15618],{"class":256},[53,83717,253],{"class":252},[53,83719,75],{"class":67},[53,83721,7663],{"class":71},[53,83723,86],{"class":67},[53,83725,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83727,115],{"class":114},[53,83729,102],{"class":67},[53,83731,82367],{"class":114},[53,83733,102],{"class":67},[53,83735,530],{"class":98},[53,83737,1907],{"class":67},[14,83739,83740],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83742,83743],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[44,83745,83747],{"className":46,"code":83746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83748,83749,83769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83750,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83752,516],{"class":59},[53,83754,64],{"class":63},[53,83756,68],{"class":67},[53,83758,539],{"class":71},[53,83760,75],{"class":67},[53,83762,7658],{"class":71},[53,83764,75],{"class":67},[53,83766,7663],{"class":71},[53,83768,86],{"class":67},[53,83770,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83772,115],{"class":114},[53,83774,102],{"class":67},[53,83776,82367],{"class":114},[53,83778,102],{"class":67},[53,83780,530],{"class":98},[53,83782,1907],{"class":67},[14,83784,83785,83786,95],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[183,83787,83789],{"href":83788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[830,83791,83793,83795],{"id":83792},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,83794,2885],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83797,83798,83800],{},[18,83799,82308],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[44,83802,83804],{"className":46,"code":83803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max())\n",[18,83805,83806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83807,83808,83810,83812,83814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83809,115],{"class":114},[53,83811,102],{"class":67},[53,83813,82367],{"class":114},[53,83815,7064],{"class":67},[14,83817,2882,83818,95],{},[18,83819,2885],{},[39,83821,83823,10452,83825],{"id":83822},"max-vs-sorted",[18,83824,82308],{},[18,83826,74151],{},[14,83828,83829],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83831,83832,597],{},[18,83833,82308],{},[140,83835,83836],{},[143,83837,83838],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83840,83841,597],{},[18,83842,74151],{},[140,83844,83845],{},[143,83846,83847],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83849,235],{},[44,83851,83853],{"className":46,"code":83852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,83854,83855,83879,83883,83897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83856,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83858,60],{"class":59},[53,83860,64],{"class":63},[53,83862,68],{"class":67},[53,83864,754],{"class":71},[53,83866,75],{"class":67},[53,83868,6232],{"class":71},[53,83870,75],{"class":67},[53,83872,78],{"class":71},[53,83874,75],{"class":67},[53,83876,1577],{"class":71},[53,83878,86],{"class":67},[53,83880,83881],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83882,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,83884,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,83886,115],{"class":114},[53,83888,102],{"class":67},[53,83890,82367],{"class":114},[53,83892,102],{"class":67},[53,83894,92],{"class":98},[53,83896,1907],{"class":67},[53,83898,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,83900,115],{"class":114},[53,83902,102],{"class":67},[53,83904,74241],{"class":114},[53,83906,102],{"class":67},[53,83908,92],{"class":98},[53,83910,1907],{"class":67},[14,83912,328],{},[44,83914,83916],{"className":46,"code":83915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,83917,83918,83922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83919,83920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83921,2260],{"class":71},[53,83923,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,83925,338],{"class":67},[53,83927,1937],{"class":71},[53,83929,75],{"class":67},[53,83931,83],{"class":71},[53,83933,75],{"class":67},[53,83935,1577],{"class":71},[53,83937,75],{"class":67},[53,83939,6232],{"class":71},[53,83941,86],{"class":67},[14,83943,131,83944,83946],{},[18,83945,82308],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83948,131,83949,83953],{},[183,83950,83951],{"href":74248},[18,83952,74151],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83955,83956,83957,95],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[183,83958,83960],{"href":83959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,83961,83962],{},"min()",[39,83964,2709],{"id":2708},[14,83966,83967],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[140,83969,83970,83977,83980,83985,83988],{},[143,83971,29516,83972,83974,83975],{},[18,83973,82308],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,83976,82663],{},[143,83978,83979],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[143,83981,8319,83982,83984],{},[18,83983,82308],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[143,83986,83987],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[143,83989,833,83990,83992],{},[18,83991,82663],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,83994,10980],{},[44,83996,83998],{"className":46,"code":83997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,83999,84000,84010,84024,84038,84052,84074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84001,84002,84004,84006,84008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84003,115],{"class":114},[53,84005,102],{"class":67},[53,84007,530],{"class":98},[53,84009,108],{"class":67},[53,84011,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84013,115],{"class":114},[53,84015,102],{"class":67},[53,84017,3102],{"class":2782},[53,84019,102],{"class":67},[53,84021,530],{"class":98},[53,84023,1907],{"class":67},[53,84025,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,84027,115],{"class":114},[53,84029,102],{"class":67},[53,84031,11029],{"class":114},[53,84033,102],{"class":67},[53,84035,530],{"class":98},[53,84037,1907],{"class":67},[53,84039,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,84041,115],{"class":114},[53,84043,102],{"class":67},[53,84045,82367],{"class":114},[53,84047,102],{"class":67},[53,84049,530],{"class":98},[53,84051,1907],{"class":67},[53,84053,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,84055,115],{"class":114},[53,84057,102],{"class":67},[53,84059,82367],{"class":114},[53,84061,102],{"class":67},[53,84063,530],{"class":98},[53,84065,75],{"class":67},[53,84067,26388],{"class":9043},[53,84069,64],{"class":63},[53,84071,232],{"class":369},[53,84073,1907],{"class":67},[53,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84096],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,84077,115],{"class":114},[53,84079,619],{"class":67},[53,84081,3102],{"class":2782},[53,84083,102],{"class":67},[53,84085,2056],{"class":98},[53,84087,3539],{"class":67},[53,84089,3755],{"class":1558},[53,84091,3758],{"class":98},[53,84093,1565],{"class":1558},[53,84095,1080],{"class":98},[53,84097,632],{"class":67},[14,84099,84100],{},"These are useful for checking:",[140,84102,84103,84108,84113,84116],{},[143,84104,84105,84106],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84107,530],{},[143,84109,79478,84110,84112],{},[18,84111,530],{}," is a list or some other type",[143,84114,84115],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[143,84117,84118],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84120,69074,84121,84124,84125,84127],{},[18,84122,84123],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84126,530],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[39,84129,1650],{"id":1649},[830,84131,5017,84133,5020],{"id":84132},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84134,82308],{},[14,84136,84137],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[830,84139,5045,84141,84143],{"id":84140},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84142,82308],{}," work with strings?",[14,84145,84146],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[830,84148,71373],{"id":71372},[14,84150,84151,52358,84153,84155,84156,84158],{},[18,84152,82308],{},[18,84154,40566],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84157,82663],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[830,84160,84162,84163,2370],{"id":84161},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84164,82308],{},[14,84166,131,84167,597],{},[18,84168,83216],{},[44,84170,84171],{"className":46,"code":83144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,84172,84173,84205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84174,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84176,3946],{"class":59},[53,84178,64],{"class":63},[53,84180,68],{"class":67},[53,84182,253],{"class":252},[53,84184,36909],{"class":256},[53,84186,253],{"class":252},[53,84188,75],{"class":67},[53,84190,264],{"class":252},[53,84192,68053],{"class":256},[53,84194,253],{"class":252},[53,84196,75],{"class":67},[53,84198,264],{"class":252},[53,84200,57852],{"class":256},[53,84202,253],{"class":252},[53,84204,86],{"class":67},[53,84206,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84208,115],{"class":114},[53,84210,102],{"class":67},[53,84212,82367],{"class":114},[53,84214,102],{"class":67},[53,84216,3988],{"class":98},[53,84218,75],{"class":67},[53,84220,21444],{"class":9043},[53,84222,64],{"class":63},[53,84224,11029],{"class":114},[53,84226,1907],{"class":67},[830,84228,5055,84230,4269,84232,2370],{"id":84229},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84231,82308],{},[18,84233,74151],{},[14,84235,84236,84238,84239,84241],{},[18,84237,82308],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84240,74151],{}," returns all items in order.",[39,84243,1782],{"id":1781},[140,84245,84246,84252,84258,84264,84268,84272],{},[143,84247,84248],{},[183,84249,84250,3390],{"href":83959},[18,84251,83962],{},[143,84253,84254],{},[183,84255,84256,3390],{"href":74248},[18,84257,74151],{},[143,84259,84260],{},[183,84261,84262,3390],{"href":42220},[18,84263,42223],{},[143,84265,84266],{},[183,84267,58681],{"href":58680},[143,84269,84270],{},[183,84271,65566],{"href":72605},[143,84273,84274],{},[183,84275,83789],{"href":83788},[1810,84277,84278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":84280},[84281,84282,84284,84285,84287,84289,84291,84296,84298,84306,84308,84309,84320],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":82498,"depth":89,"text":84283},"What max() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":82667,"depth":89,"text":84286},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82837,"depth":89,"text":84288},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82972,"depth":89,"text":84290},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78429,"depth":89,"text":79627,"children":84292},[84293,84294,84295],{"id":83140,"depth":111,"text":83141},{"id":83229,"depth":111,"text":83230},{"id":83311,"depth":111,"text":83312},{"id":83418,"depth":89,"text":84297},"Using the default argument",{"id":47848,"depth":89,"text":47849,"children":84299},[84300,84302,84304],{"id":83576,"depth":111,"text":84301},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83686,"depth":111,"text":84303},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83792,"depth":111,"text":84305},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83822,"depth":89,"text":84307},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":84310},[84311,84313,84315,84316,84318],{"id":84132,"depth":111,"text":84312},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84140,"depth":111,"text":84314},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71372,"depth":111,"text":71373},{"id":84161,"depth":111,"text":84317},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84229,"depth":111,"text":84319},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82300,"description":84321},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84328,"title":84329,"body":84330,"description":86284,"extension":1841,"meta":86285,"navigation":301,"path":86286,"seo":86287,"stem":86288,"__hash__":86289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84331,"toc":86241},[84332,84337,84342,84348,84350,84424,84426,84439,84444,84449,84465,84469,84474,84550,84556,84559,84602,84604,84612,84618,84621,84652,84654,84662,84668,84673,84732,84734,84743,84746,84756,84762,84767,84802,84804,84812,84818,84824,84829,84873,84875,84884,84887,84927,84929,84938,84941,84953,84958,84963,85014,85016,85025,85028,85079,85081,85090,85093,85100,85106,85111,85113,85128,85132,85192,85194,85203,85207,85379,85381,85418,85425,85431,85434,85461,85463,85484,85489,85524,85526,85534,85537,85540,85556,85561,85563,85567,85573,85577,85604,85607,85617,85657,85661,85664,85707,85709,85718,85721,85726,85795,85797,85805,85810,85814,85817,85868,85870,85878,85881,85944,85946,85954,85957,85962,85966,85979,85986,85994,85996,85998,86028,86034,86135,86145,86147,86152,86155,86160,86163,86165,86173,86181,86189,86196,86204,86206,86238],[10,84333,3457,84335,3461],{"id":84334},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84336,83962],{},[14,84338,84339,84341],{},[18,84340,83962],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84343,84344,84345,84347],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84346,83962],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[39,84349,1882],{"id":1881},[44,84351,84353],{"className":46,"code":84352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84354,84355,84379,84394,84398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84356,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84358,60],{"class":59},[53,84360,64],{"class":63},[53,84362,68],{"class":67},[53,84364,2017],{"class":71},[53,84366,75],{"class":67},[53,84368,78],{"class":71},[53,84370,75],{"class":67},[53,84372,1639],{"class":71},[53,84374,75],{"class":67},[53,84376,5371],{"class":71},[53,84378,86],{"class":67},[53,84380,84381,84383,84385,84388,84390,84392],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84382,115],{"class":114},[53,84384,102],{"class":67},[53,84386,84387],{"class":114},"min",[53,84389,102],{"class":67},[53,84391,92],{"class":98},[53,84393,1907],{"class":67},[53,84395,84396],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,84397,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,84401,115],{"class":114},[53,84403,102],{"class":67},[53,84405,84387],{"class":114},[53,84407,102],{"class":67},[53,84409,2017],{"class":71},[53,84411,75],{"class":67},[53,84413,78],{"class":71},[53,84415,75],{"class":67},[53,84417,1639],{"class":71},[53,84419,75],{"class":67},[53,84421,5371],{"class":71},[53,84423,1907],{"class":67},[14,84425,328],{},[44,84427,84429],{"className":46,"code":84428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n1\n",[18,84430,84431,84435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84432,84433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84434,46779],{"class":71},[53,84436,84437],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84438,46779],{"class":71},[14,84440,131,84441,84443],{},[18,84442,83962],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[39,84445,3556,84447,3559],{"id":84446},"what-min-does",[18,84448,83962],{},[140,84450,84451,84456,84459,84462],{},[143,84452,84453,84455],{},[18,84454,83962],{}," returns the smallest item",[143,84457,84458],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[143,84460,84461],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[143,84463,84464],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[39,84466,84468],{"id":84467},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84470,84471,84472,597],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84473,83962],{},[44,84475,84477],{"className":46,"code":84476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84478,84479,84489,84514,84532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84480,84481,84483,84485,84487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84482,84387],{"class":114},[53,84484,102],{"class":67},[53,84486,3600],{"class":98},[53,84488,108],{"class":67},[53,84490,84491,84493,84495,84498,84500,84503,84505,84508,84510,84512],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84492,84387],{"class":114},[53,84494,102],{"class":67},[53,84496,84497],{"class":98},"value1",[53,84499,75],{"class":67},[53,84501,84502],{"class":98}," value2",[53,84504,75],{"class":67},[53,84506,84507],{"class":98}," value3",[53,84509,75],{"class":67},[53,84511,34318],{"class":114},[53,84513,108],{"class":67},[53,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,84517,84387],{"class":114},[53,84519,102],{"class":67},[53,84521,3600],{"class":98},[53,84523,75],{"class":67},[53,84525,21444],{"class":9043},[53,84527,64],{"class":63},[53,84529,37233],{"class":114},[53,84531,108],{"class":67},[53,84533,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,84535,84387],{"class":114},[53,84537,102],{"class":67},[53,84539,3600],{"class":98},[53,84541,75],{"class":67},[53,84543,26388],{"class":9043},[53,84545,64],{"class":63},[53,84547,37233],{"class":114},[53,84549,108],{"class":67},[830,84551,84553],{"id":84552},"miniterable",[18,84554,84555],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84557,84558],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[44,84560,84562],{"className":46,"code":84561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84563,84564,84588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84565,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84567,60],{"class":59},[53,84569,64],{"class":63},[53,84571,68],{"class":67},[53,84573,2224],{"class":71},[53,84575,75],{"class":67},[53,84577,83],{"class":71},[53,84579,75],{"class":67},[53,84581,30809],{"class":71},[53,84583,75],{"class":67},[53,84585,5371],{"class":71},[53,84587,86],{"class":67},[53,84589,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84591,115],{"class":114},[53,84593,102],{"class":67},[53,84595,84387],{"class":114},[53,84597,102],{"class":67},[53,84599,92],{"class":98},[53,84601,1907],{"class":67},[14,84603,328],{},[44,84605,84606],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,84607,84608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84609,84610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84611,46779],{"class":71},[830,84613,84615],{"id":84614},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84616,84617],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84619,84620],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[44,84622,84624],{"className":46,"code":84623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84625,84626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84627,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84629,115],{"class":114},[53,84631,102],{"class":67},[53,84633,84387],{"class":114},[53,84635,102],{"class":67},[53,84637,2224],{"class":71},[53,84639,75],{"class":67},[53,84641,83],{"class":71},[53,84643,75],{"class":67},[53,84645,30809],{"class":71},[53,84647,75],{"class":67},[53,84649,5371],{"class":71},[53,84651,1907],{"class":67},[14,84653,328],{},[44,84655,84656],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,84657,84658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84659,84660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84661,46779],{"class":71},[830,84663,84665],{"id":84664},"miniterable-key",[18,84666,84667],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84669,131,84670,84672],{},[18,84671,14704],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[44,84674,84676],{"className":46,"code":84675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84677,84678,84710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84679,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84681,3946],{"class":59},[53,84683,64],{"class":63},[53,84685,68],{"class":67},[53,84687,253],{"class":252},[53,84689,78471],{"class":256},[53,84691,253],{"class":252},[53,84693,75],{"class":67},[53,84695,264],{"class":252},[53,84697,38204],{"class":256},[53,84699,253],{"class":252},[53,84701,75],{"class":67},[53,84703,264],{"class":252},[53,84705,267],{"class":256},[53,84707,253],{"class":252},[53,84709,86],{"class":67},[53,84711,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84713,115],{"class":114},[53,84715,102],{"class":67},[53,84717,84387],{"class":114},[53,84719,102],{"class":67},[53,84721,3988],{"class":98},[53,84723,75],{"class":67},[53,84725,21444],{"class":9043},[53,84727,64],{"class":63},[53,84729,11029],{"class":114},[53,84731,1907],{"class":67},[14,84733,328],{},[44,84735,84737],{"className":46,"code":84736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"kiwi\n",[18,84738,84739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84740,84741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84742,84736],{"class":59},[14,84744,84745],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84747,84748,84749,84751,84752,95],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84750,42223],{},", see the ",[183,84753,84754,3390],{"href":42220},[18,84755,42223],{},[830,84757,84759],{"id":84758},"miniterable-default",[18,84760,84761],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84763,131,84764,84766],{},[18,84765,82663],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[44,84768,84770],{"className":46,"code":84769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84771,84772,84780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84773,84774,84776,84778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84775,60],{"class":59},[53,84777,64],{"class":63},[53,84779,521],{"class":67},[53,84781,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84783,115],{"class":114},[53,84785,102],{"class":67},[53,84787,84387],{"class":114},[53,84789,102],{"class":67},[53,84791,92],{"class":98},[53,84793,75],{"class":67},[53,84795,26388],{"class":9043},[53,84797,64],{"class":63},[53,84799,2000],{"class":71},[53,84801,1907],{"class":67},[14,84803,328],{},[44,84805,84806],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,84807,84808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84809,84810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84811,47114],{"class":71},[14,84813,84814,84815,84817],{},"This avoids a ",[18,84816,40566],{}," when there is no item to return.",[39,84819,833,84821,84823],{"id":84820},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,84822,83962],{}," with numbers",[14,84825,84826,84828],{},[18,84827,83962],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[44,84830,84832],{"className":46,"code":84831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,84833,84834,84859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84835,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84837,4938],{"class":59},[53,84839,64],{"class":63},[53,84841,68],{"class":67},[53,84843,51368],{"class":71},[53,84845,75],{"class":67},[53,84847,84848],{"class":71}," 72",[53,84850,75],{"class":67},[53,84852,28772],{"class":71},[53,84854,75],{"class":67},[53,84856,75827],{"class":71},[53,84858,86],{"class":67},[53,84860,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84862,115],{"class":114},[53,84864,102],{"class":67},[53,84866,84387],{"class":114},[53,84868,102],{"class":67},[53,84870,16253],{"class":98},[53,84872,1907],{"class":67},[14,84874,328],{},[44,84876,84878],{"className":46,"code":84877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"60\n",[18,84879,84880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84881,84882],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84883,84877],{"class":71},[14,84885,84886],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[44,84888,84890],{"className":46,"code":84889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,84891,84892,84913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84893,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84907,84909,84911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84895,82775],{"class":59},[53,84897,64],{"class":63},[53,84899,68],{"class":67},[53,84901,40261],{"class":71},[53,84903,75],{"class":67},[53,84905,84906],{"class":71}," 5.49",[53,84908,75],{"class":67},[53,84910,82791],{"class":71},[53,84912,86],{"class":67},[53,84914,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,84916,115],{"class":114},[53,84918,102],{"class":67},[53,84920,84387],{"class":114},[53,84922,102],{"class":67},[53,84924,82811],{"class":98},[53,84926,1907],{"class":67},[14,84928,328],{},[44,84930,84932],{"className":46,"code":84931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.49\n",[18,84933,84934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84935,84936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84937,84931],{"class":71},[14,84939,84940],{},"This is useful for things like:",[140,84942,84943,84945,84947,84950],{},[143,84944,16253],{},[143,84946,82811],{},[143,84948,84949],{},"measurements",[143,84951,84952],{},"ages",[39,84954,833,84956,46921],{"id":84955},"using-min-with-strings",[18,84957,83962],{},[14,84959,84960,84962],{},[18,84961,83962],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[44,84964,84966],{"className":46,"code":84965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84967,84968,85000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84969,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84971,3946],{"class":59},[53,84973,64],{"class":63},[53,84975,68],{"class":67},[53,84977,253],{"class":252},[53,84979,267],{"class":256},[53,84981,253],{"class":252},[53,84983,75],{"class":67},[53,84985,264],{"class":252},[53,84987,257],{"class":256},[53,84989,253],{"class":252},[53,84991,75],{"class":67},[53,84993,264],{"class":252},[53,84995,3971],{"class":256},[53,84997,253],{"class":252},[53,84999,86],{"class":67},[53,85001,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85003,115],{"class":114},[53,85005,102],{"class":67},[53,85007,84387],{"class":114},[53,85009,102],{"class":67},[53,85011,3988],{"class":98},[53,85013,1907],{"class":67},[14,85015,328],{},[44,85017,85019],{"className":46,"code":85018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple\n",[18,85020,85021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85022,85023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85024,85018],{"class":59},[14,85026,85027],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[44,85029,85031],{"className":46,"code":85030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85032,85033,85065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85034,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85036,3946],{"class":59},[53,85038,64],{"class":63},[53,85040,68],{"class":67},[53,85042,253],{"class":252},[53,85044,267],{"class":256},[53,85046,253],{"class":252},[53,85048,75],{"class":67},[53,85050,264],{"class":252},[53,85052,57493],{"class":256},[53,85054,253],{"class":252},[53,85056,75],{"class":67},[53,85058,264],{"class":252},[53,85060,3971],{"class":256},[53,85062,253],{"class":252},[53,85064,86],{"class":67},[53,85066,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85068,115],{"class":114},[53,85070,102],{"class":67},[53,85072,84387],{"class":114},[53,85074,102],{"class":67},[53,85076,3988],{"class":98},[53,85078,1907],{"class":67},[14,85080,328],{},[44,85082,85084],{"className":46,"code":85083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\n",[18,85085,85086],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85087,85088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85089,85083],{"class":59},[14,85091,85092],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85094,85095,85096,95],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[183,85097,85098,5656],{"href":74248},[18,85099,74151],{},[39,85101,833,85103,85105],{"id":85102},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85104,83962],{}," with a key function",[14,85107,16,85108,85110],{},[18,85109,14704],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85112,11327],{},[140,85114,85115,85120,85125],{},[143,85116,85117,85119],{},[18,85118,14704],{}," changes the comparison rule",[143,85121,85122,85124],{},[18,85123,83962],{}," still returns the original item",[143,85126,85127],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[830,85129,85131],{"id":85130},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[44,85133,85135],{"className":46,"code":85134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85136,85137,85170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85138,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85166,85168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85140,3946],{"class":59},[53,85142,64],{"class":63},[53,85144,68],{"class":67},[53,85146,253],{"class":252},[53,85148,68053],{"class":256},[53,85150,253],{"class":252},[53,85152,75],{"class":67},[53,85154,264],{"class":252},[53,85156,36909],{"class":256},[53,85158,253],{"class":252},[53,85160,75],{"class":67},[53,85162,264],{"class":252},[53,85164,85165],{"class":256},"giraffe",[53,85167,253],{"class":252},[53,85169,86],{"class":67},[53,85171,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85173,115],{"class":114},[53,85175,102],{"class":67},[53,85177,84387],{"class":114},[53,85179,102],{"class":67},[53,85181,3988],{"class":98},[53,85183,75],{"class":67},[53,85185,21444],{"class":9043},[53,85187,64],{"class":63},[53,85189,11029],{"class":114},[53,85191,1907],{"class":67},[14,85193,328],{},[44,85195,85197],{"className":46,"code":85196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat\n",[18,85198,85199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85200,85201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85202,85196],{"class":59},[830,85204,85206],{"id":85205},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[44,85208,85210],{"className":46,"code":85209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85211,85212,85222,85257,85289,85321,85325,85329,85368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85213,85214,85217,85219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85215,85216],{"class":59},"students ",[53,85218,64],{"class":63},[53,85220,85221],{"class":67}," [\n",[53,85223,85224,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85248,85250,85252,85254],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85225,85226],{"class":67},"    {",[53,85228,253],{"class":252},[53,85230,592],{"class":256},[53,85232,253],{"class":252},[53,85234,597],{"class":67},[53,85236,264],{"class":252},[53,85238,12747],{"class":256},[53,85240,253],{"class":252},[53,85242,75],{"class":67},[53,85244,264],{"class":252},[53,85246,85247],{"class":256},"score",[53,85249,253],{"class":252},[53,85251,597],{"class":67},[53,85253,13372],{"class":71},[53,85255,85256],{"class":67},"},\n",[53,85258,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,85260,85226],{"class":67},[53,85262,253],{"class":252},[53,85264,592],{"class":256},[53,85266,253],{"class":252},[53,85268,597],{"class":67},[53,85270,264],{"class":252},[53,85272,35806],{"class":256},[53,85274,253],{"class":252},[53,85276,75],{"class":67},[53,85278,264],{"class":252},[53,85280,85247],{"class":256},[53,85282,253],{"class":252},[53,85284,597],{"class":67},[53,85286,84848],{"class":71},[53,85288,85256],{"class":67},[53,85290,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,85292,85226],{"class":67},[53,85294,253],{"class":252},[53,85296,592],{"class":256},[53,85298,253],{"class":252},[53,85300,597],{"class":67},[53,85302,264],{"class":252},[53,85304,35815],{"class":256},[53,85306,253],{"class":252},[53,85308,75],{"class":67},[53,85310,264],{"class":252},[53,85312,85247],{"class":256},[53,85314,253],{"class":252},[53,85316,597],{"class":67},[53,85318,19762],{"class":71},[53,85320,9176],{"class":67},[53,85322,85323],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,85324,86],{"class":67},[53,85326,85327],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,85328,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,85330,85331,85334,85336,85339,85341,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,85332,85333],{"class":59},"lowest ",[53,85335,64],{"class":63},[53,85337,85338],{"class":114}," min",[53,85340,102],{"class":67},[53,85342,85343],{"class":98},"students",[53,85345,75],{"class":67},[53,85347,21444],{"class":9043},[53,85349,64],{"class":63},[53,85351,37522],{"class":1945},[53,85353,12773],{"class":37525},[53,85355,597],{"class":67},[53,85357,12773],{"class":98},[53,85359,338],{"class":67},[53,85361,253],{"class":252},[53,85363,85247],{"class":256},[53,85365,253],{"class":252},[53,85367,632],{"class":67},[53,85369,85370,85372,85374,85377],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,85371,115],{"class":114},[53,85373,102],{"class":67},[53,85375,85376],{"class":98},"lowest",[53,85378,108],{"class":67},[14,85380,328],{},[44,85382,85384],{"className":46,"code":85383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85385,85386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85387,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85389,9145],{"class":67},[53,85391,341],{"class":252},[53,85393,592],{"class":256},[53,85395,341],{"class":252},[53,85397,597],{"class":67},[53,85399,350],{"class":252},[53,85401,35806],{"class":256},[53,85403,341],{"class":252},[53,85405,75],{"class":67},[53,85407,350],{"class":252},[53,85409,85247],{"class":256},[53,85411,341],{"class":252},[53,85413,597],{"class":67},[53,85415,84848],{"class":71},[53,85417,9176],{"class":67},[14,85419,85420,85421,85424],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85422,85423],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[39,85426,833,85428,85430],{"id":85427},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85429,82663],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85432,85433],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[44,85435,85437],{"className":46,"code":85436,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85438,85439,85447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85440,85441,85443,85445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85442,60],{"class":59},[53,85444,64],{"class":63},[53,85446,521],{"class":67},[53,85448,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85450,115],{"class":114},[53,85452,102],{"class":67},[53,85454,84387],{"class":114},[53,85456,102],{"class":67},[53,85458,92],{"class":98},[53,85460,1907],{"class":67},[14,85462,328],{},[44,85464,85466],{"className":46,"code":85465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85467,85468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85469,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85471,40566],{"class":2782},[53,85473,597],{"class":67},[53,85475,85338],{"class":114},[53,85477,7235],{"class":67},[53,85479,83633],{"class":59},[53,85481,12059],{"class":63},[53,85483,83638],{"class":59},[14,85485,85486,85487,597],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85488,82663],{},[44,85490,85492],{"className":46,"code":85491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85493,85494,85502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85495,85496,85498,85500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85497,60],{"class":59},[53,85499,64],{"class":63},[53,85501,521],{"class":67},[53,85503,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85505,115],{"class":114},[53,85507,102],{"class":67},[53,85509,84387],{"class":114},[53,85511,102],{"class":67},[53,85513,92],{"class":98},[53,85515,75],{"class":67},[53,85517,26388],{"class":9043},[53,85519,64],{"class":63},[53,85521,232],{"class":369},[53,85523,1907],{"class":67},[14,85525,328],{},[44,85527,85528],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,85529,85530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85531,85532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85533,370],{"class":369},[14,85535,85536],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85538,85539],{},"Remember:",[140,85541,85542,85550],{},[143,85543,85544,85546,85547,85549],{},[18,85545,82663],{}," works only when ",[18,85548,83962],{}," gets one iterable argument",[143,85551,85552,85553],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85554,85555],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85557,85558,85559,95],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[183,85560,65566],{"href":72605},[39,85562,10612],{"id":10611},[14,85564,56500,85565,95],{},[18,85566,83962],{},[830,85568,85570,85571],{"id":85569},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85572,82663],{},[14,85574,2882,85575,597],{},[18,85576,40566],{},[44,85578,85580],{"className":46,"code":85579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85581,85582,85590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85583,85584,85586,85588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85585,516],{"class":59},[53,85587,64],{"class":63},[53,85589,521],{"class":67},[53,85591,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85593,115],{"class":114},[53,85595,102],{"class":67},[53,85597,84387],{"class":114},[53,85599,102],{"class":67},[53,85601,530],{"class":98},[53,85603,1907],{"class":67},[14,85605,85606],{},"Fix it by:",[140,85608,85609,85612],{},[143,85610,85611],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[143,85613,85614,85615],{},"or using ",[18,85616,82663],{},[44,85618,85620],{"className":46,"code":85619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85621,85622,85630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85623,85624,85626,85628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85625,516],{"class":59},[53,85627,64],{"class":63},[53,85629,521],{"class":67},[53,85631,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85653,85655],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85633,115],{"class":114},[53,85635,102],{"class":67},[53,85637,84387],{"class":114},[53,85639,102],{"class":67},[53,85641,530],{"class":98},[53,85643,75],{"class":67},[53,85645,26388],{"class":9043},[53,85647,64],{"class":63},[53,85649,253],{"class":252},[53,85651,85652],{"class":256},"no items",[53,85654,253],{"class":252},[53,85656,1907],{"class":67},[830,85658,85660],{"id":85659},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85662,85663],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[44,85665,85667],{"className":46,"code":85666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85668,85669,85693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85670,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85672,1692],{"class":59},[53,85674,64],{"class":63},[53,85676,68],{"class":67},[53,85678,539],{"class":71},[53,85680,75],{"class":67},[53,85682,264],{"class":252},[53,85684,15618],{"class":256},[53,85686,253],{"class":252},[53,85688,75],{"class":67},[53,85690,1577],{"class":71},[53,85692,86],{"class":67},[53,85694,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85696,115],{"class":114},[53,85698,102],{"class":67},[53,85700,84387],{"class":114},[53,85702,102],{"class":67},[53,85704,1709],{"class":98},[53,85706,1907],{"class":67},[14,85708,328],{},[44,85710,85712],{"className":46,"code":85711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError\n",[18,85713,85714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85715,85716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85717,85711],{"class":2782},[14,85719,85720],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85722,85723,85724,95],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85725,83962],{},[44,85727,85729],{"className":46,"code":85728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85730,85731,85755,85781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85732,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85734,1692],{"class":59},[53,85736,64],{"class":63},[53,85738,68],{"class":67},[53,85740,539],{"class":71},[53,85742,75],{"class":67},[53,85744,264],{"class":252},[53,85746,15618],{"class":256},[53,85748,253],{"class":252},[53,85750,75],{"class":67},[53,85752,1577],{"class":71},[53,85754,86],{"class":67},[53,85756,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85758,60],{"class":59},[53,85760,64],{"class":63},[53,85762,68],{"class":67},[53,85764,2071],{"class":2782},[53,85766,102],{"class":67},[53,85768,2056],{"class":98},[53,85770,3539],{"class":67},[53,85772,3755],{"class":1558},[53,85774,3758],{"class":59},[53,85776,1565],{"class":1558},[53,85778,14429],{"class":59},[53,85780,86],{"class":67},[53,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,85784,115],{"class":114},[53,85786,102],{"class":67},[53,85788,84387],{"class":114},[53,85790,102],{"class":67},[53,85792,92],{"class":98},[53,85794,1907],{"class":67},[14,85796,328],{},[44,85798,85799],{"className":46,"code":2828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,85800,85801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85802,85803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85804,2828],{"class":71},[14,85806,85807,85808,95],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,85809,2885],{},[830,85811,85813],{"id":85812},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85815,85816],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[44,85818,85820],{"className":46,"code":85819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85821,85822,85854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85823,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85825,3946],{"class":59},[53,85827,64],{"class":63},[53,85829,68],{"class":67},[53,85831,253],{"class":252},[53,85833,79287],{"class":256},[53,85835,253],{"class":252},[53,85837,75],{"class":67},[53,85839,264],{"class":252},[53,85841,57493],{"class":256},[53,85843,253],{"class":252},[53,85845,75],{"class":67},[53,85847,264],{"class":252},[53,85849,79304],{"class":256},[53,85851,253],{"class":252},[53,85853,86],{"class":67},[53,85855,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85857,115],{"class":114},[53,85859,102],{"class":67},[53,85861,84387],{"class":114},[53,85863,102],{"class":67},[53,85865,3988],{"class":98},[53,85867,1907],{"class":67},[14,85869,328],{},[44,85871,85872],{"className":46,"code":85083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,85873,85874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85875,85876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85877,85083],{"class":59},[14,85879,85880],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[44,85882,85884],{"className":46,"code":85883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,85885,85886,85918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85887,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85889,3946],{"class":59},[53,85891,64],{"class":63},[53,85893,68],{"class":67},[53,85895,253],{"class":252},[53,85897,79287],{"class":256},[53,85899,253],{"class":252},[53,85901,75],{"class":67},[53,85903,264],{"class":252},[53,85905,57493],{"class":256},[53,85907,253],{"class":252},[53,85909,75],{"class":67},[53,85911,264],{"class":252},[53,85913,79304],{"class":256},[53,85915,253],{"class":252},[53,85917,86],{"class":67},[53,85919,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,85921,115],{"class":114},[53,85923,102],{"class":67},[53,85925,84387],{"class":114},[53,85927,102],{"class":67},[53,85929,3988],{"class":98},[53,85931,75],{"class":67},[53,85933,21444],{"class":9043},[53,85935,64],{"class":63},[53,85937,3324],{"class":2782},[53,85939,95],{"class":67},[53,85941,8507],{"class":24615},[53,85943,1907],{"class":67},[14,85945,328],{},[44,85947,85948],{"className":46,"code":85083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,85949,85950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85951,85952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85953,85083],{"class":59},[14,85955,85956],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[39,85958,4835,85960],{"id":85959},"when-to-use-min",[18,85961,83962],{},[14,85963,131,85964,10468],{},[18,85965,83962],{},[140,85967,85968,85971,85976],{},[143,85969,85970],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[143,85972,85973,85974],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,85975,14704],{},[143,85977,85978],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85980,131,85981,85985],{},[183,85982,85983],{"href":74248},[18,85984,74151],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,85987,131,85988,85993],{},[183,85989,85991],{"href":85990},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,85992,82308],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[39,85995,2709],{"id":2708},[14,85997,83967],{},[140,85999,86000,86008,86011,86016,86023],{},[143,86001,86002,86003,86005,86006],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86004,83962],{}," without using ",[18,86007,82663],{},[143,86009,86010],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[143,86012,8319,86013,86015],{},[18,86014,83962],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[143,86017,4578,86018,86020,86021,85124],{},[18,86019,14704],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86022,83962],{},[143,86024,833,86025,86027],{},[18,86026,82663],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86029,86030,86031,86033],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86032,83962],{},", these quick checks can help:",[44,86035,86037],{"className":46,"code":86036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86038,86039,86053,86063,86077,86091,86113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86040,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86042,115],{"class":114},[53,86044,102],{"class":67},[53,86046,3102],{"class":2782},[53,86048,102],{"class":67},[53,86050,1709],{"class":98},[53,86052,1907],{"class":67},[53,86054,86055,86057,86059,86061],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86056,115],{"class":114},[53,86058,102],{"class":67},[53,86060,1709],{"class":98},[53,86062,108],{"class":67},[53,86064,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86066,115],{"class":114},[53,86068,102],{"class":67},[53,86070,11029],{"class":114},[53,86072,102],{"class":67},[53,86074,1709],{"class":98},[53,86076,1907],{"class":67},[53,86078,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,86080,115],{"class":114},[53,86082,102],{"class":67},[53,86084,84387],{"class":114},[53,86086,102],{"class":67},[53,86088,1709],{"class":98},[53,86090,1907],{"class":67},[53,86092,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,86094,115],{"class":114},[53,86096,102],{"class":67},[53,86098,84387],{"class":114},[53,86100,102],{"class":67},[53,86102,1709],{"class":98},[53,86104,75],{"class":67},[53,86106,26388],{"class":9043},[53,86108,64],{"class":63},[53,86110,232],{"class":369},[53,86112,1907],{"class":67},[53,86114,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,86116,115],{"class":114},[53,86118,102],{"class":67},[53,86120,84387],{"class":114},[53,86122,102],{"class":67},[53,86124,3988],{"class":98},[53,86126,75],{"class":67},[53,86128,21444],{"class":9043},[53,86130,64],{"class":63},[53,86132,11029],{"class":114},[53,86134,1907],{"class":67},[14,86136,86137,86138,86141,86142,86144],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86139,86140],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86143,1709],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[39,86146,1650],{"id":1649},[830,86148,5017,86150,5020],{"id":86149},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86151,83962],{},[14,86153,86154],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[830,86156,5045,86158,84143],{"id":86157},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86159,83962],{},[14,86161,86162],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[830,86164,71373],{"id":71372},[14,86166,86167,52358,86169,84155,86171,36483],{},[18,86168,83962],{},[18,86170,40566],{},[18,86172,82663],{},[830,86174,5017,86176,86178,86179,2370],{"id":86175},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86177,14704],{}," do in ",[18,86180,83962],{},[14,86182,86183,86185,86186,86188],{},[18,86184,14704],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86187,83216],{}," compares strings by length.",[830,86190,5055,86192,4269,86194,2370],{"id":86191},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86193,83962],{},[18,86195,74151],{},[14,86197,86198,86200,86201,86203],{},[18,86199,83962],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86202,74151],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[39,86205,1782],{"id":1781},[140,86207,86208,86214,86220,86226,86230,86234],{},[143,86209,86210],{},[183,86211,86212,3390],{"href":85990},[18,86213,82308],{},[143,86215,86216],{},[183,86217,86218,3390],{"href":74248},[18,86219,74151],{},[143,86221,86222],{},[183,86223,86224,3390],{"href":42220},[18,86225,42223],{},[143,86227,86228],{},[183,86229,79600],{"href":78103},[143,86231,86232],{},[183,86233,58681],{"href":58680},[143,86235,86236],{},[183,86237,65566],{"href":72605},[1810,86239,86240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":86242},[86243,86244,86246,86252,86254,86256,86261,86263,86269,86271,86272,86283],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":84446,"depth":89,"text":86245},"What min() does",{"id":84467,"depth":89,"text":84468,"children":86247},[86248,86249,86250,86251],{"id":84552,"depth":111,"text":84555},{"id":84614,"depth":111,"text":84617},{"id":84664,"depth":111,"text":84667},{"id":84758,"depth":111,"text":84761},{"id":84820,"depth":89,"text":86253},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84955,"depth":89,"text":86255},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85102,"depth":89,"text":86257,"children":86258},"Using min() with a key function",[86259,86260],{"id":85130,"depth":111,"text":85131},{"id":85205,"depth":111,"text":85206},{"id":85427,"depth":89,"text":86262},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10611,"depth":89,"text":10612,"children":86264},[86265,86267,86268],{"id":85569,"depth":111,"text":86266},"Empty list without default",{"id":85659,"depth":111,"text":85660},{"id":85812,"depth":111,"text":85813},{"id":85959,"depth":89,"text":86270},"When to use min()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":86273},[86274,86276,86278,86279,86281],{"id":86149,"depth":111,"text":86275},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86157,"depth":111,"text":86277},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71372,"depth":111,"text":71373},{"id":86175,"depth":111,"text":86280},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86191,"depth":111,"text":86282},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84329,"description":86284},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86291,"title":86292,"body":86293,"description":88472,"extension":1841,"meta":88473,"navigation":301,"path":88474,"seo":88475,"stem":88476,"__hash__":88477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86294,"toc":88436},[86295,86298,86304,86310,86312,86393,86402,86406,86411,86413,86458,86460,86540,86546,86548,86551,86583,86585,86603,86605,86678,86680,86699,86703,86706,86742,86744,86811,86885,86958,86963,86967,86973,86976,86993,86996,86998,87059,87061,87081,87087,87091,87094,87164,87167,87186,87191,87267,87270,87274,87280,87284,87289,87359,87363,87368,87442,87446,87449,87524,87535,87539,87544,87634,87639,87707,87710,87729,87740,87744,87747,87752,87755,87817,87820,87831,87836,87839,87842,87847,87850,87853,87857,87860,87866,87869,87880,87882,87944,87959,87965,87968,87971,87982,87993,87999,88002,88004,88066,88076,88082,88087,88093,88097,88103,88106,88127,88129,88134,88161,88164,88191,88194,88233,88236,88274,88277,88338,88341,88343,88347,88350,88354,88360,88368,88376,88380,88383,88387,88393,88395,88433],[10,86296,86292],{"id":86297},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86299,86300,86303],{},[18,86301,86302],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86305,86306,86307,86309],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86308,86302],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[39,86311,1882],{"id":1881},[44,86313,86315],{"className":46,"code":86314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86316,86317,86366,86382],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86318,86319,86322,86325,86327,86329,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86347,86349,86351,86354,86356,86358,86360,86364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86320,86321],{"class":1558},"with",[53,86323,86324],{"class":114}," open",[53,86326,102],{"class":67},[53,86328,253],{"class":252},[53,86330,86331],{"class":256},"example.txt",[53,86333,253],{"class":252},[53,86335,75],{"class":67},[53,86337,264],{"class":252},[53,86339,60231],{"class":256},[53,86341,253],{"class":252},[53,86343,75],{"class":67},[53,86345,86346],{"class":9043}," encoding",[53,86348,64],{"class":63},[53,86350,253],{"class":252},[53,86352,86353],{"class":256},"utf-8",[53,86355,253],{"class":252},[53,86357,3539],{"class":67},[53,86359,47220],{"class":1558},[53,86361,86363],{"class":86362},"sMMDD"," file",[53,86365,6265],{"class":67},[53,86367,86368,86371,86373,86375,86377,86380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86369,86370],{"class":59},"    content ",[53,86372,64],{"class":63},[53,86374,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86376,95],{"class":67},[53,86378,86379],{"class":98},"read",[53,86381,8510],{"class":67},[53,86383,86384,86386,86388,86391],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86385,7936],{"class":114},[53,86387,102],{"class":67},[53,86389,86390],{"class":98},"content",[53,86392,108],{"class":67},[14,86394,131,86395,86397,86398,86401],{},[18,86396,86321],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86399,86400],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[39,86403,86405],{"id":86404},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86407,86408,86410],{},[18,86409,86302],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86412,11327],{},[140,86414,86415,86418,86423,86428],{},[143,86416,86417],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[143,86419,40768,86420,86422],{},[23,86421,36],{}," read or write anything by itself",[143,86424,17287,86425],{},[23,86426,86427],{},"file object",[143,86429,86430,86431],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[140,86432,86433,86438,86443,86448,86453],{},[143,86434,86435],{},[18,86436,86437],{},"read()",[143,86439,86440],{},[18,86441,86442],{},"readline()",[143,86444,86445],{},[18,86446,86447],{},"readlines()",[143,86449,86450],{},[18,86451,86452],{},"write()",[143,86454,86455],{},[18,86456,86457],{},"close()",[14,86459,235],{},[44,86461,86463],{"className":46,"code":86462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86464,86465,86504,86519,86529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86466,86467,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86468,86469],{"class":86362},"file",[53,86471,13141],{"class":63},[53,86473,86324],{"class":114},[53,86475,102],{"class":67},[53,86477,253],{"class":252},[53,86479,86331],{"class":256},[53,86481,253],{"class":252},[53,86483,75],{"class":67},[53,86485,264],{"class":252},[53,86487,60231],{"class":256},[53,86489,253],{"class":252},[53,86491,75],{"class":67},[53,86493,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86495,64],{"class":63},[53,86497,253],{"class":252},[53,86499,86353],{"class":256},[53,86501,253],{"class":252},[53,86503,108],{"class":67},[53,86505,86506,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86507,86508],{"class":59},"content ",[53,86510,64],{"class":63},[53,86512,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86514,95],{"class":67},[53,86516,86379],{"class":98},[53,86518,8510],{"class":67},[53,86520,86521,86523,86525,86527],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86522,115],{"class":114},[53,86524,102],{"class":67},[53,86526,86390],{"class":98},[53,86528,108],{"class":67},[53,86530,86531,86533,86535,86538],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,86532,86469],{"class":86362},[53,86534,95],{"class":67},[53,86536,86537],{"class":98},"close",[53,86539,8510],{"class":67},[14,86541,86542,86543,86545],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86544,86321],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[39,86547,2039],{"id":2038},[14,86549,86550],{},"A common form is:",[44,86552,86554],{"className":46,"code":86553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86555,86556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86557,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86559,42289],{"class":114},[53,86561,102],{"class":67},[53,86563,86469],{"class":86362},[53,86565,75],{"class":67},[53,86567,86568],{"class":98}," mode",[53,86570,75],{"class":67},[53,86572,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86574,64],{"class":63},[53,86576,253],{"class":252},[53,86578,86353],{"class":256},[53,86580,253],{"class":252},[53,86582,108],{"class":67},[14,86584,64772],{},[140,86586,86587,86592,86597],{},[143,86588,86589,86591],{},[18,86590,86469],{}," is the file name or file path",[143,86593,86594,86596],{},[18,86595,20783],{}," controls how the file is opened",[143,86598,86599,86602],{},[18,86600,86601],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86604,235],{},[44,86606,86608],{"className":46,"code":86607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86609,86610,86653,86668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86611,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86613,86321],{"class":1558},[53,86615,86324],{"class":114},[53,86617,102],{"class":67},[53,86619,253],{"class":252},[53,86621,86622],{"class":256},"notes.txt",[53,86624,253],{"class":252},[53,86626,75],{"class":67},[53,86628,264],{"class":252},[53,86630,60231],{"class":256},[53,86632,253],{"class":252},[53,86634,75],{"class":67},[53,86636,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86638,64],{"class":63},[53,86640,253],{"class":252},[53,86642,86353],{"class":256},[53,86644,253],{"class":252},[53,86646,3539],{"class":67},[53,86648,47220],{"class":1558},[53,86650,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86652,6265],{"class":67},[53,86654,86655,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86656,86657],{"class":59},"    text ",[53,86659,64],{"class":63},[53,86661,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86663,95],{"class":67},[53,86665,86379],{"class":98},[53,86667,8510],{"class":67},[53,86669,86670,86672,86674,86676],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86671,7936],{"class":114},[53,86673,102],{"class":67},[53,86675,34572],{"class":98},[53,86677,108],{"class":67},[14,86679,19821],{},[140,86681,86682,86688,86693],{},[143,86683,86684,86687],{},[18,86685,86686],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[143,86689,86690,86692],{},[18,86691,86400],{}," means open for reading",[143,86694,86695,86698],{},[18,86696,86697],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[39,86700,86702],{"id":86701},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86704,86705],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[140,86707,86708,86713,86719,86724,86730,86736],{},[143,86709,86710,86712],{},[18,86711,86400],{}," = read a text file",[143,86714,86715,86718],{},[18,86716,86717],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[143,86720,86721,86723],{},[18,86722,17960],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[143,86725,86726,86729],{},[18,86727,86728],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[143,86731,86732,86735],{},[18,86733,86734],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[143,86737,86738,86741],{},[18,86739,86740],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86743,2006],{},[44,86745,86747],{"className":46,"code":86746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86748,86749,86754,86797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86750,86751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86752,86753],{"class":127},"# Read a text file\n",[53,86755,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86757,86321],{"class":1558},[53,86759,86324],{"class":114},[53,86761,102],{"class":67},[53,86763,253],{"class":252},[53,86765,86766],{"class":256},"data.txt",[53,86768,253],{"class":252},[53,86770,75],{"class":67},[53,86772,264],{"class":252},[53,86774,60231],{"class":256},[53,86776,253],{"class":252},[53,86778,75],{"class":67},[53,86780,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86782,64],{"class":63},[53,86784,253],{"class":252},[53,86786,86353],{"class":256},[53,86788,253],{"class":252},[53,86790,3539],{"class":67},[53,86792,47220],{"class":1558},[53,86794,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86796,6265],{"class":67},[53,86798,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86800,7936],{"class":114},[53,86802,102],{"class":67},[53,86804,86469],{"class":86362},[53,86806,95],{"class":67},[53,86808,86379],{"class":98},[53,86810,7064],{"class":67},[44,86812,86814],{"className":46,"code":86813,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,86815,86816,86821,86863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86817,86818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86819,86820],{"class":127},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[53,86822,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86824,86321],{"class":1558},[53,86826,86324],{"class":114},[53,86828,102],{"class":67},[53,86830,253],{"class":252},[53,86832,86766],{"class":256},[53,86834,253],{"class":252},[53,86836,75],{"class":67},[53,86838,264],{"class":252},[53,86840,60214],{"class":256},[53,86842,253],{"class":252},[53,86844,75],{"class":67},[53,86846,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86848,64],{"class":63},[53,86850,253],{"class":252},[53,86852,86353],{"class":256},[53,86854,253],{"class":252},[53,86856,3539],{"class":67},[53,86858,47220],{"class":1558},[53,86860,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86862,6265],{"class":67},[53,86864,86865,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86881,86883],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86866,86867],{"class":86362},"    file",[53,86869,95],{"class":67},[53,86871,69922],{"class":98},[53,86873,102],{"class":67},[53,86875,253],{"class":252},[53,86877,34731],{"class":256},[53,86879,86880],{"class":34317},"\\n",[53,86882,253],{"class":252},[53,86884,108],{"class":67},[44,86886,86888],{"className":46,"code":86887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,86889,86890,86895,86937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86891,86892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86893,86894],{"class":127},"# Append to a text file\n",[53,86896,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,86898,86321],{"class":1558},[53,86900,86324],{"class":114},[53,86902,102],{"class":67},[53,86904,253],{"class":252},[53,86906,86766],{"class":256},[53,86908,253],{"class":252},[53,86910,75],{"class":67},[53,86912,264],{"class":252},[53,86914,183],{"class":256},[53,86916,253],{"class":252},[53,86918,75],{"class":67},[53,86920,86346],{"class":9043},[53,86922,64],{"class":63},[53,86924,253],{"class":252},[53,86926,86353],{"class":256},[53,86928,253],{"class":252},[53,86930,3539],{"class":67},[53,86932,47220],{"class":1558},[53,86934,86363],{"class":86362},[53,86936,6265],{"class":67},[53,86938,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86952,86954,86956],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,86940,86867],{"class":86362},[53,86942,95],{"class":67},[53,86944,69922],{"class":98},[53,86946,102],{"class":67},[53,86948,253],{"class":252},[53,86950,86951],{"class":256},"Another line",[53,86953,86880],{"class":34317},[53,86955,253],{"class":252},[53,86957,108],{"class":67},[14,86959,69074,86960,86962],{},[18,86961,86717],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[39,86964,86966],{"id":86965},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86968,86969,21840,86971,95],{},[18,86970,86302],{},[23,86972,86427],{},[14,86974,86975],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[140,86977,86978,86983,86988],{},[143,86979,86980],{},[18,86981,86982],{},"file.read()",[143,86984,86985],{},[18,86986,86987],{},"file.write()",[143,86989,86990],{},[18,86991,86992],{},"file.close()",[14,86994,86995],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,86997,235],{},[44,86999,87001],{"className":46,"code":87000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87002,87003,87045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87004,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87006,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87008,86324],{"class":114},[53,87010,102],{"class":67},[53,87012,253],{"class":252},[53,87014,86331],{"class":256},[53,87016,253],{"class":252},[53,87018,75],{"class":67},[53,87020,264],{"class":252},[53,87022,60231],{"class":256},[53,87024,253],{"class":252},[53,87026,75],{"class":67},[53,87028,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87030,64],{"class":63},[53,87032,253],{"class":252},[53,87034,86353],{"class":256},[53,87036,253],{"class":252},[53,87038,3539],{"class":67},[53,87040,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87042,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87044,6265],{"class":67},[53,87046,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87048,7936],{"class":114},[53,87050,102],{"class":67},[53,87052,3102],{"class":2782},[53,87054,102],{"class":67},[53,87056,86469],{"class":86362},[53,87058,1907],{"class":67},[14,87060,29896],{},[44,87062,87064],{"className":46,"code":87063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87065,87066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87067,87068,87070,87072,87074,87077,87079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87069,3171],{"class":63},[53,87071,3174],{"class":1945},[53,87073,350],{"class":252},[53,87075,87076],{"class":256},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[53,87078,341],{"class":252},[53,87080,3183],{"class":63},[14,87082,87083,87084,87086],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87085,86302],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[39,87088,87090],{"id":87089},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87092,87093],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[44,87095,87096],{"className":46,"code":86314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,87097,87098,87140,87154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87101,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87103,86324],{"class":114},[53,87105,102],{"class":67},[53,87107,253],{"class":252},[53,87109,86331],{"class":256},[53,87111,253],{"class":252},[53,87113,75],{"class":67},[53,87115,264],{"class":252},[53,87117,60231],{"class":256},[53,87119,253],{"class":252},[53,87121,75],{"class":67},[53,87123,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87125,64],{"class":63},[53,87127,253],{"class":252},[53,87129,86353],{"class":256},[53,87131,253],{"class":252},[53,87133,3539],{"class":67},[53,87135,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87137,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87139,6265],{"class":67},[53,87141,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87143,86370],{"class":59},[53,87145,64],{"class":63},[53,87147,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87149,95],{"class":67},[53,87151,86379],{"class":98},[53,87153,8510],{"class":67},[53,87155,87156,87158,87160,87162],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87157,7936],{"class":114},[53,87159,102],{"class":67},[53,87161,86390],{"class":98},[53,87163,108],{"class":67},[14,87165,87166],{},"Why this is recommended:",[140,87168,87169,87174,87180,87183],{},[143,87170,87171,87173],{},[18,87172,86321],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[143,87175,87176,87177,87179],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87178,86457],{}," yourself",[143,87181,87182],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[143,87184,87185],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87187,83479,87188,87190],{},[18,87189,86321],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[44,87192,87193],{"className":46,"code":86462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,87194,87195,87233,87247,87257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87196,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87198,86469],{"class":86362},[53,87200,13141],{"class":63},[53,87202,86324],{"class":114},[53,87204,102],{"class":67},[53,87206,253],{"class":252},[53,87208,86331],{"class":256},[53,87210,253],{"class":252},[53,87212,75],{"class":67},[53,87214,264],{"class":252},[53,87216,60231],{"class":256},[53,87218,253],{"class":252},[53,87220,75],{"class":67},[53,87222,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87224,64],{"class":63},[53,87226,253],{"class":252},[53,87228,86353],{"class":256},[53,87230,253],{"class":252},[53,87232,108],{"class":67},[53,87234,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87236,86508],{"class":59},[53,87238,64],{"class":63},[53,87240,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87242,95],{"class":67},[53,87244,86379],{"class":98},[53,87246,8510],{"class":67},[53,87248,87249,87251,87253,87255],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87250,115],{"class":114},[53,87252,102],{"class":67},[53,87254,86390],{"class":98},[53,87256,108],{"class":67},[53,87258,87259,87261,87263,87265],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,87260,86469],{"class":86362},[53,87262,95],{"class":67},[53,87264,86537],{"class":98},[53,87266,8510],{"class":67},[14,87268,87269],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[39,87271,87273],{"id":87272},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87275,87276,87277,87279],{},"Use mode ",[18,87278,86400],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[830,87281,87283],{"id":87282},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87285,87286,87288],{},[18,87287,86437],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[44,87290,87291],{"className":46,"code":86314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,87292,87293,87335,87349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87294,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87296,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87298,86324],{"class":114},[53,87300,102],{"class":67},[53,87302,253],{"class":252},[53,87304,86331],{"class":256},[53,87306,253],{"class":252},[53,87308,75],{"class":67},[53,87310,264],{"class":252},[53,87312,60231],{"class":256},[53,87314,253],{"class":252},[53,87316,75],{"class":67},[53,87318,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87320,64],{"class":63},[53,87322,253],{"class":252},[53,87324,86353],{"class":256},[53,87326,253],{"class":252},[53,87328,3539],{"class":67},[53,87330,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87332,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87334,6265],{"class":67},[53,87336,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87338,86370],{"class":59},[53,87340,64],{"class":63},[53,87342,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87344,95],{"class":67},[53,87346,86379],{"class":98},[53,87348,8510],{"class":67},[53,87350,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87352,7936],{"class":114},[53,87354,102],{"class":67},[53,87356,86390],{"class":98},[53,87358,108],{"class":67},[830,87360,87362],{"id":87361},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87364,87365,87367],{},[18,87366,86442],{}," reads one line at a time.",[44,87369,87371],{"className":46,"code":87370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87372,87373,87415,87431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87374,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87376,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87378,86324],{"class":114},[53,87380,102],{"class":67},[53,87382,253],{"class":252},[53,87384,86331],{"class":256},[53,87386,253],{"class":252},[53,87388,75],{"class":67},[53,87390,264],{"class":252},[53,87392,60231],{"class":256},[53,87394,253],{"class":252},[53,87396,75],{"class":67},[53,87398,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87400,64],{"class":63},[53,87402,253],{"class":252},[53,87404,86353],{"class":256},[53,87406,253],{"class":252},[53,87408,3539],{"class":67},[53,87410,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87412,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87414,6265],{"class":67},[53,87416,87417,87420,87422,87424,87426,87429],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87418,87419],{"class":59},"    first_line ",[53,87421,64],{"class":63},[53,87423,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87425,95],{"class":67},[53,87427,87428],{"class":98},"readline",[53,87430,8510],{"class":67},[53,87432,87433,87435,87437,87440],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87434,7936],{"class":114},[53,87436,102],{"class":67},[53,87438,87439],{"class":98},"first_line",[53,87441,108],{"class":67},[830,87443,87445],{"id":87444},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87447,87448],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[44,87450,87452],{"className":46,"code":87451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87453,87454,87496,87510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87455,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87457,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87459,86324],{"class":114},[53,87461,102],{"class":67},[53,87463,253],{"class":252},[53,87465,86331],{"class":256},[53,87467,253],{"class":252},[53,87469,75],{"class":67},[53,87471,264],{"class":252},[53,87473,60231],{"class":256},[53,87475,253],{"class":252},[53,87477,75],{"class":67},[53,87479,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87481,64],{"class":63},[53,87483,253],{"class":252},[53,87485,86353],{"class":256},[53,87487,253],{"class":252},[53,87489,3539],{"class":67},[53,87491,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87493,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87495,6265],{"class":67},[53,87497,87498,87501,87504,87506,87508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87499,87500],{"class":1558},"    for",[53,87502,87503],{"class":59}," line ",[53,87505,1565],{"class":1558},[53,87507,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87509,6265],{"class":67},[53,87511,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87513,47200],{"class":114},[53,87515,102],{"class":67},[53,87517,55],{"class":98},[53,87519,95],{"class":67},[53,87521,8501],{"class":98},[53,87523,7064],{"class":67},[14,87525,87526,87527,2758,87531,95],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[183,87528,87530],{"href":87529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[183,87532,87534],{"href":87533},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[39,87536,87538],{"id":87537},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87540,131,87541,87543],{},[18,87542,86717],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[44,87545,87547],{"className":46,"code":87546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87548,87549,87592,87613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87552,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87554,86324],{"class":114},[53,87556,102],{"class":67},[53,87558,253],{"class":252},[53,87560,87561],{"class":256},"output.txt",[53,87563,253],{"class":252},[53,87565,75],{"class":67},[53,87567,264],{"class":252},[53,87569,60214],{"class":256},[53,87571,253],{"class":252},[53,87573,75],{"class":67},[53,87575,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87577,64],{"class":63},[53,87579,253],{"class":252},[53,87581,86353],{"class":256},[53,87583,253],{"class":252},[53,87585,3539],{"class":67},[53,87587,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87589,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87591,6265],{"class":67},[53,87593,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87607,87609,87611],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87595,86867],{"class":86362},[53,87597,95],{"class":67},[53,87599,69922],{"class":98},[53,87601,102],{"class":67},[53,87603,253],{"class":252},[53,87605,87606],{"class":256},"First line",[53,87608,86880],{"class":34317},[53,87610,253],{"class":252},[53,87612,108],{"class":67},[53,87614,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87628,87630,87632],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,87616,86867],{"class":86362},[53,87618,95],{"class":67},[53,87620,69922],{"class":98},[53,87622,102],{"class":67},[53,87624,253],{"class":252},[53,87626,87627],{"class":256},"Second line",[53,87629,86880],{"class":34317},[53,87631,253],{"class":252},[53,87633,108],{"class":67},[14,87635,131,87636,87638],{},[18,87637,17960],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[44,87640,87642],{"className":46,"code":87641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87643,87644,87686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87645,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87647,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87649,86324],{"class":114},[53,87651,102],{"class":67},[53,87653,253],{"class":252},[53,87655,87561],{"class":256},[53,87657,253],{"class":252},[53,87659,75],{"class":67},[53,87661,264],{"class":252},[53,87663,183],{"class":256},[53,87665,253],{"class":252},[53,87667,75],{"class":67},[53,87669,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87671,64],{"class":63},[53,87673,253],{"class":252},[53,87675,86353],{"class":256},[53,87677,253],{"class":252},[53,87679,3539],{"class":67},[53,87681,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87683,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87685,6265],{"class":67},[53,87687,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87701,87703,87705],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87689,86867],{"class":86362},[53,87691,95],{"class":67},[53,87693,69922],{"class":98},[53,87695,102],{"class":67},[53,87697,253],{"class":252},[53,87699,87700],{"class":256},"Third line",[53,87702,86880],{"class":34317},[53,87704,253],{"class":252},[53,87706,108],{"class":67},[14,87708,87709],{},"Important detail:",[140,87711,87712,87717,87724],{},[143,87713,87714,87716],{},[18,87715,86452],{}," writes a string",[143,87718,87719,13916,87721,87723],{},[18,87720,86452],{},[23,87722,36],{}," add a newline for you",[143,87725,87726,87727,87179],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87728,86880],{},[14,87730,87731,87732,2758,87736,95],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[183,87733,87735],{"href":87734},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[183,87737,87739],{"href":87738},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[39,87741,87743],{"id":87742},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87745,87746],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[830,87748,87750],{"id":87749},"encodingutf-8",[18,87751,86697],{},[14,87753,87754],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[44,87756,87758],{"className":46,"code":87757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87759,87760,87803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87761,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87763,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87765,86324],{"class":114},[53,87767,102],{"class":67},[53,87769,253],{"class":252},[53,87771,87772],{"class":256},"message.txt",[53,87774,253],{"class":252},[53,87776,75],{"class":67},[53,87778,264],{"class":252},[53,87780,60231],{"class":256},[53,87782,253],{"class":252},[53,87784,75],{"class":67},[53,87786,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87788,64],{"class":63},[53,87790,253],{"class":252},[53,87792,86353],{"class":256},[53,87794,253],{"class":252},[53,87796,3539],{"class":67},[53,87798,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87800,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87802,6265],{"class":67},[53,87804,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87806,7936],{"class":114},[53,87808,102],{"class":67},[53,87810,86469],{"class":86362},[53,87812,95],{"class":67},[53,87814,86379],{"class":98},[53,87816,7064],{"class":67},[14,87818,87819],{},"Why it matters:",[140,87821,87822,87825,87828],{},[143,87823,87824],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[143,87826,87827],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[143,87829,87830],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[830,87832,87834],{"id":87833},"newline",[18,87835,87833],{},[14,87837,87838],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87840,87841],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[830,87843,87845],{"id":87844},"buffering",[18,87846,87844],{},[14,87848,87849],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87851,87852],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[39,87854,87856],{"id":87855},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87858,87859],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[830,87861,87863],{"id":87862},"filenotfounderror",[18,87864,87865],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87867,87868],{},"This happens when:",[140,87870,87871,87874,87877],{},[143,87872,87873],{},"the file does not exist",[143,87875,87876],{},"the path is wrong",[143,87878,87879],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87881,235],{},[44,87883,87885],{"className":46,"code":87884,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87886,87887,87930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87888,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87890,86321],{"class":1558},[53,87892,86324],{"class":114},[53,87894,102],{"class":67},[53,87896,253],{"class":252},[53,87898,87899],{"class":256},"missing.txt",[53,87901,253],{"class":252},[53,87903,75],{"class":67},[53,87905,264],{"class":252},[53,87907,60231],{"class":256},[53,87909,253],{"class":252},[53,87911,75],{"class":67},[53,87913,86346],{"class":9043},[53,87915,64],{"class":63},[53,87917,253],{"class":252},[53,87919,86353],{"class":256},[53,87921,253],{"class":252},[53,87923,3539],{"class":67},[53,87925,47220],{"class":1558},[53,87927,86363],{"class":86362},[53,87929,6265],{"class":67},[53,87931,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,87933,7936],{"class":114},[53,87935,102],{"class":67},[53,87937,86469],{"class":86362},[53,87939,95],{"class":67},[53,87941,86379],{"class":98},[53,87943,7064],{"class":67},[14,87945,87946,87947,4269,87955,95],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[183,87948,87950,87951,87954],{"href":87949},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[53,87952,87953],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[183,87956,87958],{"href":87957},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[830,87960,87962],{"id":87961},"permissionerror",[18,87963,87964],{},"PermissionError",[14,87966,87967],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87969,87970],{},"Example causes:",[140,87972,87973,87976,87979],{},[143,87974,87975],{},"the file is protected",[143,87977,87978],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[143,87980,87981],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,87983,87984,87985],{},"Related page: ",[183,87986,87988,87989,87992],{"href":87987},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[53,87990,87991],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[830,87994,87996],{"id":87995},"isadirectoryerror",[18,87997,87998],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88000,88001],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88003,235],{},[44,88005,88007],{"className":46,"code":88006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88008,88009,88052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88010,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88012,86321],{"class":1558},[53,88014,86324],{"class":114},[53,88016,102],{"class":67},[53,88018,253],{"class":252},[53,88020,88021],{"class":256},"my_folder",[53,88023,253],{"class":252},[53,88025,75],{"class":67},[53,88027,264],{"class":252},[53,88029,60231],{"class":256},[53,88031,253],{"class":252},[53,88033,75],{"class":67},[53,88035,86346],{"class":9043},[53,88037,64],{"class":63},[53,88039,253],{"class":252},[53,88041,86353],{"class":256},[53,88043,253],{"class":252},[53,88045,3539],{"class":67},[53,88047,47220],{"class":1558},[53,88049,86363],{"class":86362},[53,88051,6265],{"class":67},[53,88053,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88055,7936],{"class":114},[53,88057,102],{"class":67},[53,88059,86469],{"class":86362},[53,88061,95],{"class":67},[53,88063,86379],{"class":98},[53,88065,7064],{"class":67},[14,88067,87984,88068],{},[183,88069,88071,88072,88075],{"href":88070},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[53,88073,88074],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[830,88077,88079],{"id":88078},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88080,88081],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88083,88084,88085,95],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88086,86302],{},[14,88088,87984,88089],{},[183,88090,88092],{"href":88091},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[39,88094,88096],{"id":88095},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88098,88099,88100,88102],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88101,86302],{}," function.",[14,88104,88105],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[140,88107,88108,88111,88114,88120],{},[143,88109,88110],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[143,88112,88113],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[143,88115,88116,88117,88119],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88118,86302],{}," itself",[143,88121,88122,88123],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[183,88124,88126],{"href":88125},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[39,88128,2709],{"id":2708},[14,88130,88131,88132,597],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88133,86302],{},[140,88135,88136,88141,88147,88152,88155,88158],{},[143,88137,833,88138,88140],{},[18,88139,86400],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[143,88142,88143,88144,88146],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88145,86601],{}," for text files",[143,88148,833,88149,88151],{},[18,88150,86717],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[143,88153,88154],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[143,88156,88157],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[143,88159,88160],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88162,88163],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[44,88165,88167],{"className":46,"code":88166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88168,88169,88176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88170,88171,88173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88172,34955],{"class":1558},[53,88174,88175],{"class":59}," os\n",[53,88177,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88189],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88179,115],{"class":114},[53,88181,102],{"class":67},[53,88183,42488],{"class":98},[53,88185,95],{"class":67},[53,88187,88188],{"class":98},"getcwd",[53,88190,7064],{"class":67},[14,88192,88193],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[44,88195,88197],{"className":46,"code":88196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88198,88199,88205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88200,88201,88203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88202,34955],{"class":1558},[53,88204,88175],{"class":59},[53,88206,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88218,88220,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88208,115],{"class":114},[53,88210,102],{"class":67},[53,88212,42488],{"class":98},[53,88214,95],{"class":67},[53,88216,88217],{"class":24615},"path",[53,88219,95],{"class":67},[53,88221,88222],{"class":98},"exists",[53,88224,102],{"class":67},[53,88226,253],{"class":252},[53,88228,86331],{"class":256},[53,88230,253],{"class":252},[53,88232,1907],{"class":67},[14,88234,88235],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[44,88237,88239],{"className":46,"code":88238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88240,88241,88247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88242,88243,88245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88244,34955],{"class":1558},[53,88246,88175],{"class":59},[53,88248,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88250,115],{"class":114},[53,88252,102],{"class":67},[53,88254,42488],{"class":98},[53,88256,95],{"class":67},[53,88258,88217],{"class":24615},[53,88260,95],{"class":67},[53,88262,88263],{"class":98},"isfile",[53,88265,102],{"class":67},[53,88267,253],{"class":252},[53,88269,86331],{"class":256},[53,88271,253],{"class":252},[53,88273,1907],{"class":67},[14,88275,88276],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[44,88278,88280],{"className":46,"code":88279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88281,88282,88324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88283,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88285,86321],{"class":1558},[53,88287,86324],{"class":114},[53,88289,102],{"class":67},[53,88291,253],{"class":252},[53,88293,86331],{"class":256},[53,88295,253],{"class":252},[53,88297,75],{"class":67},[53,88299,264],{"class":252},[53,88301,60231],{"class":256},[53,88303,253],{"class":252},[53,88305,75],{"class":67},[53,88307,86346],{"class":9043},[53,88309,64],{"class":63},[53,88311,253],{"class":252},[53,88313,86353],{"class":256},[53,88315,253],{"class":252},[53,88317,3539],{"class":67},[53,88319,47220],{"class":1558},[53,88321,86363],{"class":86362},[53,88323,6265],{"class":67},[53,88325,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88327,7936],{"class":114},[53,88329,102],{"class":67},[53,88331,86469],{"class":86362},[53,88333,95],{"class":67},[53,88335,86379],{"class":98},[53,88337,7064],{"class":67},[14,88339,88340],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[39,88342,1650],{"id":1649},[830,88344,88346],{"id":88345},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88348,88349],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[830,88351,88353],{"id":88352},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88355,88356,88357,88359],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88358,86321],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[830,88361,5055,88363,4269,88365,88367],{"id":88362},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88364,86717],{},[18,88366,17960],{}," mode?",[14,88369,88370,88372,88373,88375],{},[18,88371,86717],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88374,17960],{}," adds new content to the end.",[830,88377,88379],{"id":88378},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88381,88382],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[830,88384,88386],{"id":88385},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88388,88389,88390,88392],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88391,86697],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[39,88394,1782],{"id":1781},[140,88396,88397,88401,88405,88409,88413,88417,88421,88427],{},[143,88398,88399],{},[183,88400,87530],{"href":87529},[143,88402,88403],{},[183,88404,87735],{"href":87734},[143,88406,88407],{},[183,88408,87739],{"href":87738},[143,88410,88411],{},[183,88412,87534],{"href":87533},[143,88414,88415],{},[183,88416,88126],{"href":88125},[143,88418,88419],{},[183,88420,87958],{"href":87957},[143,88422,88423],{},[183,88424,87950,88425,87954],{"href":87949},[53,88426,87953],{},[143,88428,88429],{},[183,88430,87988,88431,87992],{"href":87987},[53,88432,87991],{},[1810,88434,88435],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":88437},[88438,88439,88440,88441,88442,88443,88444,88449,88450,88455,88461,88462,88463,88471],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":86404,"depth":89,"text":86405},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":86701,"depth":89,"text":86702},{"id":86965,"depth":89,"text":86966},{"id":87089,"depth":89,"text":87090},{"id":87272,"depth":89,"text":87273,"children":88445},[88446,88447,88448],{"id":87282,"depth":111,"text":87283},{"id":87361,"depth":111,"text":87362},{"id":87444,"depth":111,"text":87445},{"id":87537,"depth":89,"text":87538},{"id":87742,"depth":89,"text":87743,"children":88451},[88452,88453,88454],{"id":87749,"depth":111,"text":86697},{"id":87833,"depth":111,"text":87833},{"id":87844,"depth":111,"text":87844},{"id":87855,"depth":89,"text":87856,"children":88456},[88457,88458,88459,88460],{"id":87862,"depth":111,"text":87865},{"id":87961,"depth":111,"text":87964},{"id":87995,"depth":111,"text":87998},{"id":88078,"depth":111,"text":88081},{"id":88095,"depth":89,"text":88096},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":88464},[88465,88466,88467,88469,88470],{"id":88345,"depth":111,"text":88346},{"id":88352,"depth":111,"text":88353},{"id":88362,"depth":111,"text":88468},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88378,"depth":111,"text":88379},{"id":88385,"depth":111,"text":88386},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86292,"description":88472},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88479,"title":88480,"body":88481,"description":90476,"extension":1841,"meta":90477,"navigation":301,"path":90478,"seo":90479,"stem":90480,"__hash__":90481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88482,"toc":90423},[88483,88488,88493,88499,88501,88569,88571,88590,88595,88600,88605,88608,88620,88622,88665,88667,88685,88696,88698,88700,88725,88727,88738,88740,88800,88802,88828,88831,88835,88840,88844,88847,88881,88885,88888,88913,88917,88940,88944,88977,88982,88986,88991,88994,89062,89064,89088,89093,89096,89127,89129,89161,89178,89182,89187,89211,89218,89223,89228,89231,89235,89270,89272,89281,89285,89376,89378,89409,89414,89421,89426,89435,89438,89472,89474,89488,89492,89533,89535,89544,89548,89596,89598,89612,89617,89628,89635,89641,89643,89678,89680,89694,89697,89719,89725,89754,89765,89771,89777,89791,89793,89872,89874,89924,89931,89933,89938,89942,89945,89960,89965,89967,89986,89992,89995,90010,90012,90030,90036,90041,90071,90074,90097,90100,90127,90134,90140,90148,90171,90176,90184,90186,90206,90210,90216,90266,90269,90291,90293,90299,90307,90313,90319,90327,90332,90336,90339,90362,90367,90374,90386,90388,90420],[10,88484,3457,88486,3461],{"id":88485},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88487,46314],{},[14,88489,32181,88490,88492],{},[18,88491,46314],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88494,88495,88496,88498],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88497,46314],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[39,88500,1882],{"id":1881},[44,88502,88504],{"className":46,"code":88503,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88505,88506,88518,88527,88531,88541,88551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88507,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88509,7743],{"class":59},[53,88511,64],{"class":63},[53,88513,264],{"class":252},[53,88515,7788],{"class":256},[53,88517,3239],{"class":252},[53,88519,88520,88522,88524],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88521,21493],{"class":59},[53,88523,64],{"class":63},[53,88525,88526],{"class":71}," 12\n",[53,88528,88529],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88530,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,88532,88533,88535,88537,88539],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,88534,115],{"class":114},[53,88536,102],{"class":67},[53,88538,592],{"class":98},[53,88540,108],{"class":67},[53,88542,88543,88545,88547,88549],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,88544,115],{"class":114},[53,88546,102],{"class":67},[53,88548,9166],{"class":98},[53,88550,108],{"class":67},[53,88552,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,88554,115],{"class":114},[53,88556,102],{"class":67},[53,88558,253],{"class":252},[53,88560,34731],{"class":256},[53,88562,253],{"class":252},[53,88564,75],{"class":67},[53,88566,35857],{"class":98},[53,88568,108],{"class":67},[14,88570,328],{},[44,88572,88574],{"className":46,"code":88573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88575,88576,88581,88585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88577,88578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88579,88580],{"class":59},"Mia\n",[53,88582,88583],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88584,2106],{"class":71},[53,88586,88587],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88588,88589],{"class":59},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88591,131,88592,88594],{},[18,88593,46314],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[39,88596,3556,88598,3559],{"id":88597},"what-print-does",[18,88599,46314],{},[14,88601,88602,88604],{},[18,88603,46314],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88606,88607],{},"You can use it to display:",[140,88609,88610,88612,88614,88617],{},[143,88611,34572],{},[143,88613,92],{},[143,88615,88616],{},"variables",[143,88618,88619],{},"expressions",[14,88621,235],{},[44,88623,88625],{"className":46,"code":88624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88626,88627,88641,88651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88628,88629,88631,88633,88635,88637,88639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88630,115],{"class":114},[53,88632,102],{"class":67},[53,88634,253],{"class":252},[53,88636,34731],{"class":256},[53,88638,253],{"class":252},[53,88640,108],{"class":67},[53,88642,88643,88645,88647,88649],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88644,115],{"class":114},[53,88646,102],{"class":67},[53,88648,2017],{"class":71},[53,88650,108],{"class":67},[53,88652,88653,88655,88657,88659,88661,88663],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88654,115],{"class":114},[53,88656,102],{"class":67},[53,88658,1937],{"class":71},[53,88660,2332],{"class":63},[53,88662,83],{"class":71},[53,88664,108],{"class":67},[14,88666,328],{},[44,88668,88670],{"className":46,"code":88669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88671,88672,88677,88681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88673,88674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88675,88676],{"class":59},"Hello\n",[53,88678,88679],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88680,2828],{"class":71},[53,88682,88683],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88684,2828],{"class":71},[14,88686,88687,88688,88690,88691,88695],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88689,46314],{}," ",[23,88692,3571,88693],{},[18,88694,232],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[39,88697,2039],{"id":2038},[14,88699,30591],{},[44,88701,88703],{"className":46,"code":88702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88704,88705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88706,88707,88709,88711,88714,88716,88719,88721,88723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88708,115],{"class":114},[53,88710,102],{"class":67},[53,88712,88713],{"class":98},"object1",[53,88715,75],{"class":67},[53,88717,88718],{"class":98}," object2",[53,88720,75],{"class":67},[53,88722,34318],{"class":114},[53,88724,108],{"class":67},[14,88726,79930],{},[140,88728,88729,88732,88735],{},[143,88730,88731],{},"one value",[143,88733,88734],{},"many values",[143,88736,88737],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88739,235],{},[44,88741,88743],{"className":46,"code":88742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88744,88745,88759,88778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88746,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88748,115],{"class":114},[53,88750,102],{"class":67},[53,88752,253],{"class":252},[53,88754,57493],{"class":256},[53,88756,253],{"class":252},[53,88758,108],{"class":67},[53,88760,88761,88763,88765,88767,88770,88772,88774,88776],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88762,115],{"class":114},[53,88764,102],{"class":67},[53,88766,253],{"class":252},[53,88768,88769],{"class":256},"Score:",[53,88771,253],{"class":252},[53,88773,75],{"class":67},[53,88775,5876],{"class":71},[53,88777,108],{"class":67},[53,88779,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88781,115],{"class":114},[53,88783,102],{"class":67},[53,88785,253],{"class":252},[53,88787,45426],{"class":256},[53,88789,253],{"class":252},[53,88791,75],{"class":67},[53,88793,759],{"class":71},[53,88795,2332],{"class":63},[53,88797,37506],{"class":71},[53,88799,108],{"class":67},[14,88801,328],{},[44,88803,88805],{"className":46,"code":88804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,88806,88807,88811,88820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88808,88809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88810,85083],{"class":59},[53,88812,88813,88816,88818],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88814,88815],{"class":59},"Score",[53,88817,597],{"class":67},[53,88819,2465],{"class":71},[53,88821,88822,88824,88826],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,88823,45466],{"class":59},[53,88825,597],{"class":67},[53,88827,2465],{"class":71},[14,88829,88830],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[39,88832,88834],{"id":88833},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88836,88837,88838,95],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,88839,46314],{},[830,88841,88843],{"id":88842},"print-text","Print text",[14,88845,88846],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[44,88848,88850],{"className":46,"code":88849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,88851,88852,88866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88853,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88855,115],{"class":114},[53,88857,102],{"class":67},[53,88859,253],{"class":252},[53,88861,34731],{"class":256},[53,88863,253],{"class":252},[53,88865,108],{"class":67},[53,88867,88868,88870,88872,88874,88877,88879],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88869,115],{"class":114},[53,88871,102],{"class":67},[53,88873,253],{"class":252},[53,88875,88876],{"class":256},"Python is fun",[53,88878,253],{"class":252},[53,88880,108],{"class":67},[830,88882,88884],{"id":88883},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88886,88887],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[44,88889,88891],{"className":46,"code":88890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,88892,88893,88903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88894,88895,88897,88899,88901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88896,115],{"class":114},[53,88898,102],{"class":67},[53,88900,2017],{"class":71},[53,88902,108],{"class":67},[53,88904,88905,88907,88909,88911],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88906,115],{"class":114},[53,88908,102],{"class":67},[53,88910,40006],{"class":71},[53,88912,108],{"class":67},[830,88914,88916],{"id":88915},"print-variables","Print variables",[44,88918,88920],{"className":46,"code":88919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,88921,88922,88930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88923,88924,88926,88928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88925,4970],{"class":59},[53,88927,64],{"class":63},[53,88929,13993],{"class":71},[53,88931,88932,88934,88936,88938],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88933,115],{"class":114},[53,88935,102],{"class":67},[53,88937,85247],{"class":98},[53,88939,108],{"class":67},[830,88941,88943],{"id":88942},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[44,88945,88947],{"className":46,"code":88946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,88948,88949,88963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88950,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88952,115],{"class":114},[53,88954,102],{"class":67},[53,88956,1937],{"class":71},[53,88958,2332],{"class":63},[53,88960,83],{"class":71},[53,88962,108],{"class":67},[53,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,88966,115],{"class":114},[53,88968,102],{"class":67},[53,88970,539],{"class":71},[53,88972,82559],{"class":63},[53,88974,759],{"class":71},[53,88976,108],{"class":67},[14,88978,88979,88980,95],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[183,88981,50840],{"href":50839},[39,88983,88985],{"id":88984},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,88987,88988,88990],{},[18,88989,46314],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,88992,88993],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[44,88995,88997],{"className":46,"code":88996,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,88998,88999,89012,89020,89024,89043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89000,89001,89003,89005,89007,89010],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89002,7743],{"class":59},[53,89004,64],{"class":63},[53,89006,264],{"class":252},[53,89008,89009],{"class":256},"Ava",[53,89011,3239],{"class":252},[53,89013,89014,89016,89018],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89015,21493],{"class":59},[53,89017,64],{"class":63},[53,89019,2465],{"class":71},[53,89021,89022],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,89023,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,89025,89026,89028,89030,89032,89035,89037,89039,89041],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,89027,115],{"class":114},[53,89029,102],{"class":67},[53,89031,253],{"class":252},[53,89033,89034],{"class":256},"Name:",[53,89036,253],{"class":252},[53,89038,75],{"class":67},[53,89040,35857],{"class":98},[53,89042,108],{"class":67},[53,89044,89045,89047,89049,89051,89054,89056,89058,89060],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,89046,115],{"class":114},[53,89048,102],{"class":67},[53,89050,253],{"class":252},[53,89052,89053],{"class":256},"Age:",[53,89055,253],{"class":252},[53,89057,75],{"class":67},[53,89059,9056],{"class":98},[53,89061,108],{"class":67},[14,89063,328],{},[44,89065,89067],{"className":46,"code":89066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89068,89069,89079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89070,89071,89074,89076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89072,89073],{"class":59},"Name",[53,89075,597],{"class":67},[53,89077,89078],{"class":59}," Ava\n",[53,89080,89081,89084,89086],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89082,89083],{"class":59},"Age",[53,89085,597],{"class":67},[53,89087,2465],{"class":71},[14,89089,89090,89091,95],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89092,1940],{},[14,89094,89095],{},"For example, this works:",[44,89097,89099],{"className":46,"code":89098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89100,89101,89109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89102,89103,89105,89107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89104,21493],{"class":59},[53,89106,64],{"class":63},[53,89108,2465],{"class":71},[53,89110,89111,89113,89115,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89112,115],{"class":114},[53,89114,102],{"class":67},[53,89116,253],{"class":252},[53,89118,89053],{"class":256},[53,89120,253],{"class":252},[53,89122,75],{"class":67},[53,89124,9056],{"class":98},[53,89126,108],{"class":67},[14,89128,36788],{},[44,89130,89132],{"className":46,"code":89131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89133,89134,89142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89135,89136,89138,89140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89137,21493],{"class":59},[53,89139,64],{"class":63},[53,89141,2465],{"class":71},[53,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89153,89155,89157,89159],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89145,115],{"class":114},[53,89147,102],{"class":67},[53,89149,253],{"class":252},[53,89151,89152],{"class":256},"Age: ",[53,89154,253],{"class":252},[53,89156,2332],{"class":63},[53,89158,9056],{"class":98},[53,89160,108],{"class":67},[14,89162,89163,89164,89167,89168,89170,89171,89173,89174,95],{},"That fails because ",[18,89165,89166],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89169,9166],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89172,1940],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[183,89175,89176],{"href":42037},[18,89177,47546],{},[39,89179,89181],{"id":89180},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89183,89184,89186],{},[18,89185,46314],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[140,89188,89189,89195,89200,89205],{},[143,89190,89191,89194],{},[18,89192,89193],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[143,89196,89197,89199],{},[18,89198,29],{}," controls what is added after the output",[143,89201,89202,89204],{},[18,89203,86469],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[143,89206,89207,89210],{},[18,89208,89209],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89212,89213,89214,4269,89216,95],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89215,89193],{},[18,89217,29],{},[39,89219,89221,36477],{"id":89220},"sep-argument",[18,89222,89193],{},[14,89224,16,89225,89227],{},[18,89226,89193],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89229,89230],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[830,89232,89234],{"id":89233},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[44,89236,89238],{"className":46,"code":89237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89239,89240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89241,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89243,115],{"class":114},[53,89245,102],{"class":67},[53,89247,253],{"class":252},[53,89249,407],{"class":256},[53,89251,253],{"class":252},[53,89253,75],{"class":67},[53,89255,264],{"class":252},[53,89257,436],{"class":256},[53,89259,253],{"class":252},[53,89261,75],{"class":67},[53,89263,264],{"class":252},[53,89265,416],{"class":256},[53,89267,253],{"class":252},[53,89269,108],{"class":67},[14,89271,328],{},[44,89273,89275],{"className":46,"code":89274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red green blue\n",[18,89276,89277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89278,89279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89280,89274],{"class":59},[830,89282,89284],{"id":89283},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[44,89286,89288],{"className":46,"code":89287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89289,89290,89333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318,89320,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89293,115],{"class":114},[53,89295,102],{"class":67},[53,89297,253],{"class":252},[53,89299,407],{"class":256},[53,89301,253],{"class":252},[53,89303,75],{"class":67},[53,89305,264],{"class":252},[53,89307,436],{"class":256},[53,89309,253],{"class":252},[53,89311,75],{"class":67},[53,89313,264],{"class":252},[53,89315,416],{"class":256},[53,89317,253],{"class":252},[53,89319,75],{"class":67},[53,89321,89322],{"class":9043}," sep",[53,89324,64],{"class":63},[53,89326,253],{"class":252},[53,89328,75],{"class":256},[53,89330,253],{"class":252},[53,89332,108],{"class":67},[53,89334,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89372,89374],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89336,115],{"class":114},[53,89338,102],{"class":67},[53,89340,253],{"class":252},[53,89342,407],{"class":256},[53,89344,253],{"class":252},[53,89346,75],{"class":67},[53,89348,264],{"class":252},[53,89350,436],{"class":256},[53,89352,253],{"class":252},[53,89354,75],{"class":67},[53,89356,264],{"class":252},[53,89358,416],{"class":256},[53,89360,253],{"class":252},[53,89362,75],{"class":67},[53,89364,89322],{"class":9043},[53,89366,64],{"class":63},[53,89368,253],{"class":252},[53,89370,89371],{"class":256}," - ",[53,89373,253],{"class":252},[53,89375,108],{"class":67},[14,89377,328],{},[44,89379,89381],{"className":46,"code":89380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89382,89383,89395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89384,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89386,407],{"class":59},[53,89388,75],{"class":67},[53,89390,436],{"class":59},[53,89392,75],{"class":67},[53,89394,69708],{"class":59},[53,89396,89397,89400,89402,89405,89407],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89398,89399],{"class":59},"red ",[53,89401,1901],{"class":63},[53,89403,89404],{"class":59}," green ",[53,89406,1901],{"class":63},[53,89408,35746],{"class":59},[14,89410,89411,89413],{},[18,89412,89193],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89415,89416,89417,95],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[183,89418,89420],{"href":89419},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[39,89422,89424,36477],{"id":89423},"end-argument",[18,89425,29],{},[14,89427,89428,89429,89431,89432,89434],{},"By default, ",[18,89430,46314],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89433,46314],{}," starts on a new line.",[830,89436,89234],{"id":89437},"default-behavior-1",[44,89439,89441],{"className":46,"code":89440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89442,89443,89457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89444,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89446,115],{"class":114},[53,89448,102],{"class":67},[53,89450,253],{"class":252},[53,89452,34731],{"class":256},[53,89454,253],{"class":252},[53,89456,108],{"class":67},[53,89458,89459,89461,89463,89465,89468,89470],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89460,115],{"class":114},[53,89462,102],{"class":67},[53,89464,253],{"class":252},[53,89466,89467],{"class":256},"World",[53,89469,253],{"class":252},[53,89471,108],{"class":67},[14,89473,328],{},[44,89475,89477],{"className":46,"code":89476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89478,89479,89483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89480,89481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89482,88676],{"class":59},[53,89484,89485],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89486,89487],{"class":59},"World\n",[830,89489,89491],{"id":89490},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[44,89493,89495],{"className":46,"code":89494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89496,89497,89519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89498,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89500,115],{"class":114},[53,89502,102],{"class":67},[53,89504,253],{"class":252},[53,89506,34731],{"class":256},[53,89508,253],{"class":252},[53,89510,75],{"class":67},[53,89512,64767],{"class":9043},[53,89514,64],{"class":63},[53,89516,6144],{"class":252},[53,89518,108],{"class":67},[53,89520,89521,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89522,115],{"class":114},[53,89524,102],{"class":67},[53,89526,253],{"class":252},[53,89528,89467],{"class":256},[53,89530,253],{"class":252},[53,89532,108],{"class":67},[14,89534,328],{},[44,89536,89538],{"className":46,"code":89537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89539,89540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89541,89542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89543,89537],{"class":59},[830,89545,89547],{"id":89546},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[44,89549,89551],{"className":46,"code":89550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89552,89553,89582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89554,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89576,89578,89580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89556,115],{"class":114},[53,89558,102],{"class":67},[53,89560,253],{"class":252},[53,89562,34731],{"class":256},[53,89564,253],{"class":252},[53,89566,75],{"class":67},[53,89568,64767],{"class":9043},[53,89570,64],{"class":63},[53,89572,253],{"class":252},[53,89574,89575],{"class":256},"!",[53,89577,86880],{"class":34317},[53,89579,253],{"class":252},[53,89581,108],{"class":67},[53,89583,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89585,115],{"class":114},[53,89587,102],{"class":67},[53,89589,253],{"class":252},[53,89591,89467],{"class":256},[53,89593,253],{"class":252},[53,89595,108],{"class":67},[14,89597,328],{},[44,89599,89601],{"className":46,"code":89600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89602,89603,89608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89604,89605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89606,89607],{"class":59},"Hello!\n",[53,89609,89610],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89611,89487],{"class":59},[14,89613,16,89614,89616],{},[18,89615,29],{}," argument is useful for:",[140,89618,89619,89622,89625],{},[143,89620,89621],{},"progress messages",[143,89623,89624],{},"inline output",[143,89626,89627],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[39,89629,89631,1129,89633],{"id":89630},"print-returns-none",[18,89632,46314],{},[18,89634,232],{},[14,89636,89637,89638,89640],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89639,46314],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89642,235],{},[44,89644,89646],{"className":46,"code":89645,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89647,89648,89668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89649,89650,89652,89654,89657,89659,89661,89664,89666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89651,276],{"class":59},[53,89653,64],{"class":63},[53,89655,89656],{"class":114}," print",[53,89658,102],{"class":67},[53,89660,253],{"class":252},[53,89662,89663],{"class":256},"Hi",[53,89665,253],{"class":252},[53,89667,108],{"class":67},[53,89669,89670,89672,89674,89676],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89671,115],{"class":114},[53,89673,102],{"class":67},[53,89675,323],{"class":98},[53,89677,108],{"class":67},[14,89679,328],{},[44,89681,89683],{"className":46,"code":89682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89684,89685,89690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89686,89687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89688,89689],{"class":59},"Hi\n",[53,89691,89692],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89693,370],{"class":369},[14,89695,89696],{},"Why does this happen?",[140,89698,89699,89707,89712],{},[143,89700,89701,89704,89705],{},[18,89702,89703],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89706,89663],{},[143,89708,89709,89710],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89711,232],{},[143,89713,89714,89715,11785,89717],{},"so ",[18,89716,323],{},[18,89718,232],{},[14,89720,89721,89722,89724],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89723,46314],{}," call.",[44,89726,89728],{"className":46,"code":89727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89729,89730,89743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89731,89732,89735,89737,89739,89741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89733,89734],{"class":59},"message ",[53,89736,64],{"class":63},[53,89738,264],{"class":252},[53,89740,89663],{"class":256},[53,89742,3239],{"class":252},[53,89744,89745,89747,89749,89752],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89746,115],{"class":114},[53,89748,102],{"class":67},[53,89750,89751],{"class":98},"message",[53,89753,108],{"class":67},[14,89755,89756,89757,89759,89760,89764],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89758,46314],{}," with functions like ",[183,89761,89762],{"href":8087},[18,89763,2839],{},", which do return a value.",[39,89766,89768,89769],{"id":89767},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89770,46314],{},[14,89772,89773,89774,89776],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89775,46314],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[140,89778,89779,89782,89785,89788],{},[143,89780,89781],{},"to display results to the user",[143,89783,89784],{},"to show messages in a script",[143,89786,89787],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[143,89789,89790],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89792,235],{},[44,89794,89796],{"className":46,"code":89795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,89797,89798,89806,89810,89830,89841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89799,89800,89802,89804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89801,41045],{"class":59},[53,89803,64],{"class":63},[53,89805,38376],{"class":71},[53,89807,89808],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89809,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,89811,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,89813,1559],{"class":1558},[53,89815,1562],{"class":59},[53,89817,1565],{"class":1558},[53,89819,1568],{"class":114},[53,89821,102],{"class":67},[53,89823,72],{"class":71},[53,89825,75],{"class":67},[53,89827,759],{"class":71},[53,89829,1580],{"class":67},[53,89831,89832,89835,89838],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,89833,89834],{"class":59},"    total ",[53,89836,89837],{"class":63},"+=",[53,89839,89840],{"class":59}," number\n",[53,89842,89843,89845,89847,89849,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,89844,7936],{"class":114},[53,89846,102],{"class":67},[53,89848,253],{"class":252},[53,89850,89851],{"class":256},"Current number:",[53,89853,253],{"class":252},[53,89855,75],{"class":67},[53,89857,1600],{"class":98},[53,89859,75],{"class":67},[53,89861,264],{"class":252},[53,89863,45426],{"class":256},[53,89865,253],{"class":252},[53,89867,75],{"class":67},[53,89869,45433],{"class":98},[53,89871,108],{"class":67},[14,89873,328],{},[44,89875,89877],{"className":46,"code":89876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,89878,89879,89895,89909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89880,89881,89884,89886,89888,89891,89893],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89882,89883],{"class":59},"Current number",[53,89885,597],{"class":67},[53,89887,5371],{"class":71},[53,89889,89890],{"class":59}," Total",[53,89892,597],{"class":67},[53,89894,29481],{"class":71},[53,89896,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,89898,89883],{"class":59},[53,89900,597],{"class":67},[53,89902,78],{"class":71},[53,89904,89890],{"class":59},[53,89906,597],{"class":67},[53,89908,2455],{"class":71},[53,89910,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89921],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,89912,89883],{"class":59},[53,89914,597],{"class":67},[53,89916,83],{"class":71},[53,89918,89890],{"class":59},[53,89920,597],{"class":67},[53,89922,89923],{"class":71}," 6\n",[14,89925,89926,89927,95],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[183,89928,89930],{"href":89929},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[39,89932,2709],{"id":2708},[14,89934,89935,89936,95],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,89937,46314],{},[830,89939,89941],{"id":89940},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89943,89944],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[44,89946,89948],{"className":46,"code":89947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(Hello)\n",[18,89949,89950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89951,89952,89954,89956,89958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89953,115],{"class":114},[53,89955,102],{"class":67},[53,89957,34731],{"class":98},[53,89959,108],{"class":67},[14,89961,8743,89962,89964],{},[18,89963,34731],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89966,1143],{},[44,89968,89970],{"className":46,"code":89969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89971,89972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89973,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89975,115],{"class":114},[53,89977,102],{"class":67},[53,89979,253],{"class":252},[53,89981,34731],{"class":256},[53,89983,253],{"class":252},[53,89985,108],{"class":67},[830,89987,833,89989,89991],{"id":89988},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,89990,115],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,89993,89994],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[44,89996,89998],{"className":46,"code":89997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,89999,90000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90001,90002,90004,90006,90008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90003,115],{"class":114},[53,90005,264],{"class":252},[53,90007,34731],{"class":256},[53,90009,3239],{"class":252},[14,90011,1143],{},[44,90013,90014],{"className":46,"code":89969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,90015,90016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90017,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90019,115],{"class":114},[53,90021,102],{"class":67},[53,90023,253],{"class":252},[53,90025,34731],{"class":256},[53,90027,253],{"class":252},[53,90029,108],{"class":67},[830,90031,90033,90034],{"id":90032},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90035,1940],{},[14,90037,90038,90039,95],{},"This causes a ",[18,90040,2885],{},[44,90042,90043],{"className":46,"code":89131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,90044,90045,90053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90046,90047,90049,90051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90048,21493],{"class":59},[53,90050,64],{"class":63},[53,90052,2465],{"class":71},[53,90054,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90056,115],{"class":114},[53,90058,102],{"class":67},[53,90060,253],{"class":252},[53,90062,89152],{"class":256},[53,90064,253],{"class":252},[53,90066,2332],{"class":63},[53,90068,9056],{"class":98},[53,90070,108],{"class":67},[14,90072,90073],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[44,90075,90077],{"className":46,"code":90076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90078,90079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90080,90081,90083,90085,90087,90089,90091,90093,90095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90082,115],{"class":114},[53,90084,102],{"class":67},[53,90086,253],{"class":252},[53,90088,89053],{"class":256},[53,90090,253],{"class":252},[53,90092,75],{"class":67},[53,90094,9056],{"class":98},[53,90096,108],{"class":67},[14,90098,90099],{},"Or convert the number first:",[44,90101,90103],{"className":46,"code":90102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90104,90105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90106,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90108,115],{"class":114},[53,90110,102],{"class":67},[53,90112,253],{"class":252},[53,90114,89152],{"class":256},[53,90116,253],{"class":252},[53,90118,2332],{"class":63},[53,90120,48767],{"class":2782},[53,90122,102],{"class":67},[53,90124,9166],{"class":98},[53,90126,1907],{"class":67},[14,90128,90129,90130,95],{},"If you see this error, read ",[183,90131,90133],{"href":90132},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[830,90135,8319,90137,90139],{"id":90136},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90138,46314],{}," to return a value",[14,90141,90142,90143,35194,90146,597],{},"This does not store ",[18,90144,90145],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90147,323],{},[44,90149,90151],{"className":46,"code":90150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90152,90153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90154,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90156,276],{"class":59},[53,90158,64],{"class":63},[53,90160,89656],{"class":114},[53,90162,102],{"class":67},[53,90164,253],{"class":252},[53,90166,34731],{"class":256},[53,90168,253],{"class":252},[53,90170,108],{"class":67},[14,90172,90173,90174,95],{},"It stores ",[18,90175,232],{},[830,90177,90179,90180,4269,90182],{"id":90178},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90181,89193],{},[18,90183,29],{},[14,90185,85539],{},[140,90187,90188,90197],{},[143,90189,90190,90192,90193,90196],{},[18,90191,89193],{}," changes what goes ",[23,90194,90195],{},"between"," multiple values",[143,90198,90199,90201,90202,90205],{},[18,90200,29],{}," changes what appears ",[23,90203,90204],{},"after"," the output",[39,90207,90209],{"id":90208},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90211,90212,90213,90215],{},"These simple ",[18,90214,46314],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[44,90217,90219],{"className":46,"code":90218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90220,90221,90241,90256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90222,90223,90225,90227,90229,90232,90234,90236,90239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90224,115],{"class":114},[53,90226,102],{"class":67},[53,90228,253],{"class":252},[53,90230,90231],{"class":256},"Debug:",[53,90233,253],{"class":252},[53,90235,75],{"class":67},[53,90237,90238],{"class":98}," variable_name",[53,90240,108],{"class":67},[53,90242,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251,90254],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90244,115],{"class":114},[53,90246,102],{"class":67},[53,90248,3102],{"class":2782},[53,90250,102],{"class":67},[53,90252,90253],{"class":98},"variable_name",[53,90255,1907],{"class":67},[53,90257,90258,90260,90262,90264],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,90259,32016],{"class":114},[53,90261,102],{"class":67},[53,90263,115],{"class":114},[53,90265,108],{"class":67},[14,90267,90268],{},"What they do:",[140,90270,90271,90277,90283],{},[143,90272,90273,90276],{},[18,90274,90275],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[143,90278,90279,90282],{},[18,90280,90281],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[143,90284,90285,90288,90289],{},[18,90286,90287],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90290,46314],{},[39,90292,1650],{"id":1649},[830,90294,12570,90296,90298],{"id":90295},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90297,46314],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90300,90301,90302,90304,90305,36483],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90303,46314],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90306,29],{},[830,90308,5045,90310,90312],{"id":90309},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90311,46314],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90314,90315,90316,90318],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90317,46314],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[830,90320,5033,90322,5036,90325,2370],{"id":90321},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90323,90324],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90326,232],{},[14,90328,28927,90329,90331],{},[18,90330,46314],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[830,90333,90335],{"id":90334},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90337,90338],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[44,90340,90342],{"className":46,"code":90341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90343,90344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90345,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354,90356,90358,90360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90347,115],{"class":114},[53,90349,102],{"class":67},[53,90351,253],{"class":252},[53,90353,89053],{"class":256},[53,90355,253],{"class":252},[53,90357,75],{"class":67},[53,90359,5876],{"class":71},[53,90361,108],{"class":67},[14,90363,90364,90365,39792],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90366,47546],{},[830,90368,5055,90370,4269,90372,2370],{"id":90369},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90371,89193],{},[18,90373,29],{},[140,90375,90376,90381],{},[143,90377,90378,90380],{},[18,90379,89193],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[143,90382,90383,90385],{},[18,90384,29],{}," changes what appears after the output",[39,90387,1782],{"id":1781},[140,90389,90390,90394,90400,90406,90411,90416],{},[143,90391,90392],{},[183,90393,50840],{"href":50839},[143,90395,90396],{},[183,90397,3457,90398,3390],{"href":8087},[18,90399,2839],{},[143,90401,90402],{},[183,90403,3457,90404,3390],{"href":42037},[18,90405,47546],{},[143,90407,90408],{},[183,90409,90410],{"href":89419},"How to format strings in Python",[143,90412,90413],{},[183,90414,90415],{"href":89929},"How to debug Python code",[143,90417,90418],{},[183,90419,90133],{"href":90132},[1810,90421,90422],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":90424},[90425,90426,90428,90429,90435,90436,90437,90442,90448,90450,90452,90463,90464,90475],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":88597,"depth":89,"text":90427},"What print() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":88833,"depth":89,"text":88834,"children":90430},[90431,90432,90433,90434],{"id":88842,"depth":111,"text":88843},{"id":88883,"depth":111,"text":88884},{"id":88915,"depth":111,"text":88916},{"id":88942,"depth":111,"text":88943},{"id":88984,"depth":89,"text":88985},{"id":89180,"depth":89,"text":89181},{"id":89220,"depth":89,"text":90438,"children":90439},"sep argument",[90440,90441],{"id":89233,"depth":111,"text":89234},{"id":89283,"depth":111,"text":89284},{"id":89423,"depth":89,"text":90443,"children":90444},"end argument",[90445,90446,90447],{"id":89437,"depth":111,"text":89234},{"id":89490,"depth":111,"text":89491},{"id":89546,"depth":111,"text":89547},{"id":89630,"depth":89,"text":90449},"print() returns None",{"id":89767,"depth":89,"text":90451},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":90453},[90454,90455,90457,90459,90461],{"id":89940,"depth":111,"text":89941},{"id":89988,"depth":111,"text":90456},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90032,"depth":111,"text":90458},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90136,"depth":111,"text":90460},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90178,"depth":111,"text":90462},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90208,"depth":89,"text":90209},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":90465},[90466,90468,90470,90472,90473],{"id":90295,"depth":111,"text":90467},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90309,"depth":111,"text":90469},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90321,"depth":111,"text":90471},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90334,"depth":111,"text":90335},{"id":90369,"depth":111,"text":90474},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88480,"description":90476},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90483,"title":90484,"body":90485,"description":92789,"extension":1841,"meta":92790,"navigation":301,"path":92791,"seo":92792,"stem":92793,"__hash__":92794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90486,"toc":92735},[90487,90492,90497,90510,90512,90577,90588,90593,90598,90600,90623,90626,90657,90659,90676,90681,90687,90692,90741,90744,90761,90767,90772,90795,90797,90825,90831,90839,90866,90868,90893,90899,90902,90933,90935,90964,90968,90971,90976,90998,91000,91028,91034,91040,91066,91068,91092,91098,91104,91134,91136,91164,91174,91178,91184,91217,91219,91248,91251,91254,91287,91289,91297,91303,91305,91328,91333,91342,91347,91361,91363,91403,91405,91435,91439,91474,91480,91484,91528,91530,91560,91566,91569,91648,91650,91672,91680,91683,91746,91754,91829,91835,91842,91847,91852,91875,91877,91898,91900,91913,91915,91962,91964,92003,92012,92014,92018,92022,92025,92052,92055,92084,92087,92111,92114,92122,92128,92150,92152,92180,92184,92189,92244,92249,92251,92308,92315,92324,92327,92359,92361,92369,92372,92378,92380,92403,92406,92412,92415,92434,92436,92455,92458,92480,92482,92510,92514,92518,92623,92625,92638,92640,92646,92649,92657,92662,92668,92674,92679,92687,92693,92700,92702,92732],[10,90488,3457,90490,3461],{"id":90489},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90491,36062],{},[14,90493,32181,90494,90496],{},[18,90495,36062],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90498,90499,90500,90502,90503,90505,90506,90509],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90501,1559],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90504,36062],{}," stops ",[23,90507,90508],{},"before"," the end value.",[39,90511,1882],{"id":1881},[44,90513,90515],{"className":46,"code":90514,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90516,90517,90533,90543,90547,90552,90557,90562,90567,90572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90518,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90520,1559],{"class":1558},[53,90522,69275],{"class":59},[53,90524,1565],{"class":1558},[53,90526,1568],{"class":114},[53,90528,102],{"class":67},[53,90530,2017],{"class":71},[53,90532,1580],{"class":67},[53,90534,90535,90537,90539,90541],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90536,7936],{"class":114},[53,90538,102],{"class":67},[53,90540,36018],{"class":98},[53,90542,108],{"class":67},[53,90544,90545],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,90546,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,90548,90549],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,90550,90551],{"class":127},"# Output:\n",[53,90553,90554],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,90555,90556],{"class":127},"# 0\n",[53,90558,90559],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,90560,90561],{"class":127},"# 1\n",[53,90563,90564],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,90565,90566],{"class":127},"# 2\n",[53,90568,90569],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,90570,90571],{"class":127},"# 3\n",[53,90573,90574],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,90575,90576],{"class":127},"# 4\n",[14,90578,90579,90582,90583,90585,90586,95],{},[18,90580,90581],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90584,2000],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90587,2017],{},[39,90589,3556,90591,3559],{"id":90590},"what-range-does",[18,90592,36062],{},[14,90594,90595,90597],{},[18,90596,36062],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90599,12919],{},[140,90601,90602,90607,90613,90618],{},[143,90603,90604,90606],{},[18,90605,36062],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[143,90608,90609,90610,90612],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90611,1559],{}," loops",[143,90614,90615,90616],{},"The stop value is ",[23,90617,64796],{},[143,90619,17287,90620,90622],{},[18,90621,59724],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90624,90625],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[44,90627,90629],{"className":46,"code":90628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90630,90631,90647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90632,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643,90645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90634,1559],{"class":1558},[53,90636,1562],{"class":59},[53,90638,1565],{"class":1558},[53,90640,1568],{"class":114},[53,90642,102],{"class":67},[53,90644,754],{"class":71},[53,90646,1580],{"class":67},[53,90648,90649,90651,90653,90655],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90650,7936],{"class":114},[53,90652,102],{"class":67},[53,90654,2120],{"class":98},[53,90656,108],{"class":67},[14,90658,328],{},[44,90660,90662],{"className":46,"code":90661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90663,90664,90668,90672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90665,90666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90667,47114],{"class":71},[53,90669,90670],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90671,46779],{"class":71},[53,90673,90674],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,90675,16921],{"class":71},[14,90677,90678,90679,95],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[183,90680,35894],{"href":35893},[39,90682,90684,90686],{"id":90683},"range-syntax",[18,90685,36062],{}," syntax",[14,90688,90689,90691],{},[18,90690,36062],{}," has three common forms:",[44,90693,90695],{"className":46,"code":90694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90696,90697,90707,90722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90698,90699,90701,90703,90705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90700,59724],{"class":114},[53,90702,102],{"class":67},[53,90704,75153],{"class":98},[53,90706,108],{"class":67},[53,90708,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90720],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,90710,59724],{"class":114},[53,90712,102],{"class":67},[53,90714,35938],{"class":98},[53,90716,75],{"class":67},[53,90718,90719],{"class":98}," stop",[53,90721,108],{"class":67},[53,90723,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734,90736,90739],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,90725,59724],{"class":114},[53,90727,102],{"class":67},[53,90729,35938],{"class":98},[53,90731,75],{"class":67},[53,90733,90719],{"class":98},[53,90735,75],{"class":67},[53,90737,90738],{"class":98}," step",[53,90740,108],{"class":67},[14,90742,90743],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[140,90745,90746,90751,90756],{},[143,90747,90748,90750],{},[18,90749,35938],{}," = first number",[143,90752,90753,90755],{},[18,90754,75153],{}," = end limit, not included",[143,90757,90758,90760],{},[18,90759,75156],{}," = amount to move each time",[830,90762,90764],{"id":90763},"rangestop",[18,90765,90766],{},"range(stop)",[14,90768,90769,90770,95],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90771,2000],{},[44,90773,90775],{"className":46,"code":90774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90776,90777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90778,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90780,115],{"class":114},[53,90782,102],{"class":67},[53,90784,7961],{"class":2782},[53,90786,102],{"class":67},[53,90788,59724],{"class":114},[53,90790,102],{"class":67},[53,90792,2017],{"class":71},[53,90794,2793],{"class":67},[14,90796,328],{},[44,90798,90799],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,90800,90801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90802,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90804,338],{"class":67},[53,90806,2000],{"class":71},[53,90808,75],{"class":67},[53,90810,5371],{"class":71},[53,90812,75],{"class":67},[53,90814,78],{"class":71},[53,90816,75],{"class":67},[53,90818,83],{"class":71},[53,90820,75],{"class":67},[53,90822,759],{"class":71},[53,90824,86],{"class":67},[830,90826,90828],{"id":90827},"rangestart-stop",[18,90829,90830],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90832,90833,90834,90836,90837,95],{},"This starts at ",[18,90835,35938],{}," and stops before ",[18,90838,75153],{},[44,90840,90842],{"className":46,"code":90841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,90843,90844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90845,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90847,115],{"class":114},[53,90849,102],{"class":67},[53,90851,7961],{"class":2782},[53,90853,102],{"class":67},[53,90855,59724],{"class":114},[53,90857,102],{"class":67},[53,90859,1937],{"class":71},[53,90861,75],{"class":67},[53,90863,37506],{"class":71},[53,90865,2793],{"class":67},[14,90867,328],{},[44,90869,90871],{"className":46,"code":90870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,90872,90873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90874,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90876,338],{"class":67},[53,90878,1937],{"class":71},[53,90880,75],{"class":67},[53,90882,83],{"class":71},[53,90884,75],{"class":67},[53,90886,759],{"class":71},[53,90888,75],{"class":67},[53,90890,1577],{"class":71},[53,90892,86],{"class":67},[830,90894,90896],{"id":90895},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,90897,90898],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90900,90901],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[44,90903,90905],{"className":46,"code":90904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,90906,90907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90910,115],{"class":114},[53,90912,102],{"class":67},[53,90914,7961],{"class":2782},[53,90916,102],{"class":67},[53,90918,59724],{"class":114},[53,90920,102],{"class":67},[53,90922,72],{"class":71},[53,90924,75],{"class":67},[53,90926,5876],{"class":71},[53,90928,75],{"class":67},[53,90930,78],{"class":71},[53,90932,2793],{"class":67},[14,90934,328],{},[44,90936,90938],{"className":46,"code":90937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,90939,90940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90941,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90943,338],{"class":67},[53,90945,72],{"class":71},[53,90947,75],{"class":67},[53,90949,83],{"class":71},[53,90951,75],{"class":67},[53,90953,1577],{"class":71},[53,90955,75],{"class":67},[53,90957,5865],{"class":71},[53,90959,75],{"class":67},[53,90961,1639],{"class":71},[53,90963,86],{"class":67},[39,90965,90967],{"id":90966},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90969,90970],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[830,90972,90974],{"id":90973},"range5",[18,90975,90581],{},[44,90977,90978],{"className":46,"code":90774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,90979,90980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90981,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90983,115],{"class":114},[53,90985,102],{"class":67},[53,90987,7961],{"class":2782},[53,90989,102],{"class":67},[53,90991,59724],{"class":114},[53,90993,102],{"class":67},[53,90995,2017],{"class":71},[53,90997,2793],{"class":67},[14,90999,328],{},[44,91001,91002],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91003,91004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024,91026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91007,338],{"class":67},[53,91009,2000],{"class":71},[53,91011,75],{"class":67},[53,91013,5371],{"class":71},[53,91015,75],{"class":67},[53,91017,78],{"class":71},[53,91019,75],{"class":67},[53,91021,83],{"class":71},[53,91023,75],{"class":67},[53,91025,759],{"class":71},[53,91027,86],{"class":67},[14,91029,90833,91030,90836,91032,95],{},[18,91031,2000],{},[18,91033,2017],{},[830,91035,91037],{"id":91036},"range2-6",[18,91038,91039],{},"range(2, 6)",[44,91041,91042],{"className":46,"code":90841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91043,91044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91045,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91047,115],{"class":114},[53,91049,102],{"class":67},[53,91051,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91053,102],{"class":67},[53,91055,59724],{"class":114},[53,91057,102],{"class":67},[53,91059,1937],{"class":71},[53,91061,75],{"class":67},[53,91063,37506],{"class":71},[53,91065,2793],{"class":67},[14,91067,328],{},[44,91069,91070],{"className":46,"code":90870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91071,91072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91073,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91075,338],{"class":67},[53,91077,1937],{"class":71},[53,91079,75],{"class":67},[53,91081,83],{"class":71},[53,91083,75],{"class":67},[53,91085,759],{"class":71},[53,91087,75],{"class":67},[53,91089,1577],{"class":71},[53,91091,86],{"class":67},[14,91093,90833,91094,90836,91096,95],{},[18,91095,1937],{},[18,91097,80321],{},[830,91099,91101],{"id":91100},"range1-10-2",[18,91102,91103],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[44,91105,91106],{"className":46,"code":90904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91107,91108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91109,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91111,115],{"class":114},[53,91113,102],{"class":67},[53,91115,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91117,102],{"class":67},[53,91119,59724],{"class":114},[53,91121,102],{"class":67},[53,91123,72],{"class":71},[53,91125,75],{"class":67},[53,91127,5876],{"class":71},[53,91129,75],{"class":67},[53,91131,78],{"class":71},[53,91133,2793],{"class":67},[14,91135,328],{},[44,91137,91138],{"className":46,"code":90937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91139,91140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91141,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91143,338],{"class":67},[53,91145,72],{"class":71},[53,91147,75],{"class":67},[53,91149,83],{"class":71},[53,91151,75],{"class":67},[53,91153,1577],{"class":71},[53,91155,75],{"class":67},[53,91157,5865],{"class":71},[53,91159,75],{"class":67},[53,91161,1639],{"class":71},[53,91163,86],{"class":67},[14,91165,91166,91167,91169,91170,61027,91172,95],{},"This moves by ",[18,91168,1937],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91171,72],{},[18,91173,2025],{},[830,91175,91177],{"id":91176},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91179,91180,91181,91183],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91182,36062],{}," count backward.",[44,91185,91187],{"className":46,"code":91186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91188,91189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91190,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91192,115],{"class":114},[53,91194,102],{"class":67},[53,91196,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91198,102],{"class":67},[53,91200,59724],{"class":114},[53,91202,102],{"class":67},[53,91204,2017],{"class":71},[53,91206,75],{"class":67},[53,91208,3713],{"class":71},[53,91210,75],{"class":67},[53,91212,2103],{"class":63},[53,91214,72],{"class":71},[53,91216,2793],{"class":67},[14,91218,328],{},[44,91220,91222],{"className":46,"code":91221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91223,91224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91225,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91227,338],{"class":67},[53,91229,2017],{"class":71},[53,91231,75],{"class":67},[53,91233,759],{"class":71},[53,91235,75],{"class":67},[53,91237,83],{"class":71},[53,91239,75],{"class":67},[53,91241,78],{"class":71},[53,91243,75],{"class":67},[53,91245,5371],{"class":71},[53,91247,86],{"class":67},[14,91249,91250],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91252,91253],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[44,91255,91257],{"className":46,"code":91256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91258,91259],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91260,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91262,115],{"class":114},[53,91264,102],{"class":67},[53,91266,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91268,102],{"class":67},[53,91270,59724],{"class":114},[53,91272,102],{"class":67},[53,91274,72],{"class":71},[53,91276,75],{"class":67},[53,91278,1577],{"class":71},[53,91280,75],{"class":67},[53,91282,2103],{"class":63},[53,91284,72],{"class":71},[53,91286,2793],{"class":67},[14,91288,328],{},[44,91290,91291],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91292,91293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91294,91295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91296,38160],{"class":67},[830,91298,91299,76316,91301],{"id":76540},[18,91300,75156],{},[18,91302,2000],{},[14,91304,2716],{},[44,91306,91308],{"className":46,"code":91307,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91309,91310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91311,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91313,59724],{"class":114},[53,91315,102],{"class":67},[53,91317,72],{"class":71},[53,91319,75],{"class":67},[53,91321,1577],{"class":71},[53,91323,75],{"class":67},[53,91325,3713],{"class":71},[53,91327,108],{"class":67},[14,91329,76585,91330,91332],{},[18,91331,40566],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[39,91334,833,91336,91338,91339,91341],{"id":91335},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91337,36062],{}," in a ",[18,91340,1559],{}," loop",[14,91343,91344,91346],{},[18,91345,36062],{}," is most useful when:",[140,91348,91349,91352,91355],{},[143,91350,91351],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[143,91353,91354],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[143,91356,91357,91358],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91359,91360],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91362,235],{},[44,91364,91366],{"className":46,"code":91365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91367,91368,91384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91369,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91371,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91373,69275],{"class":59},[53,91375,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91377,1568],{"class":114},[53,91379,102],{"class":67},[53,91381,754],{"class":71},[53,91383,1580],{"class":67},[53,91385,91386,91388,91390,91392,91395,91397,91399,91401],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91387,7936],{"class":114},[53,91389,102],{"class":67},[53,91391,253],{"class":252},[53,91393,91394],{"class":256},"Loop number:",[53,91396,253],{"class":252},[53,91398,75],{"class":67},[53,91400,35994],{"class":98},[53,91402,108],{"class":67},[14,91404,328],{},[44,91406,91408],{"className":46,"code":91407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91409,91410,91419,91427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91411,91412,91415,91417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91413,91414],{"class":59},"Loop number",[53,91416,597],{"class":67},[53,91418,38376],{"class":71},[53,91420,91421,91423,91425],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91422,91414],{"class":59},[53,91424,597],{"class":67},[53,91426,29481],{"class":71},[53,91428,91429,91431,91433],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91430,91414],{"class":59},[53,91432,597],{"class":67},[53,91434,45452],{"class":71},[830,91436,91438],{"id":91437},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[44,91440,91442],{"className":46,"code":91441,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91443,91444,91460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91445,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91447,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91449,69275],{"class":59},[53,91451,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91453,1568],{"class":114},[53,91455,102],{"class":67},[53,91457,2017],{"class":71},[53,91459,1580],{"class":67},[53,91461,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91463,7936],{"class":114},[53,91465,102],{"class":67},[53,91467,253],{"class":252},[53,91469,34731],{"class":256},[53,91471,253],{"class":252},[53,91473,108],{"class":67},[14,91475,91476,91477,91479],{},"This prints ",[18,91478,90145],{}," five times.",[830,91481,91483],{"id":91482},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[44,91485,91487],{"className":46,"code":91486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91488,91489,91509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91490,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91492,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91494,69275],{"class":59},[53,91496,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91498,1568],{"class":114},[53,91500,102],{"class":67},[53,91502,72],{"class":71},[53,91504,75],{"class":67},[53,91506,759],{"class":71},[53,91508,1580],{"class":67},[53,91510,91511,91513,91515,91517,91520,91522,91524,91526],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91512,7936],{"class":114},[53,91514,102],{"class":67},[53,91516,253],{"class":252},[53,91518,91519],{"class":256},"Current number is",[53,91521,253],{"class":252},[53,91523,75],{"class":67},[53,91525,35994],{"class":98},[53,91527,108],{"class":67},[14,91529,328],{},[44,91531,91533],{"className":46,"code":91532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91534,91535,91544,91552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91536,91537,91540,91542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91538,91539],{"class":59},"Current number ",[53,91541,12059],{"class":63},[53,91543,29481],{"class":71},[53,91545,91546,91548,91550],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91547,91539],{"class":59},[53,91549,12059],{"class":63},[53,91551,45452],{"class":71},[53,91553,91554,91556,91558],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91555,91539],{"class":59},[53,91557,12059],{"class":63},[53,91559,2455],{"class":71},[830,91561,91563,91565],{"id":91562},"range-and-indexing",[18,91564,36062],{}," and indexing",[14,91567,91568],{},"You may see code like this:",[44,91570,91572],{"className":46,"code":91571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91573,91574,91606,91610,91630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91575,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91577,516],{"class":59},[53,91579,64],{"class":63},[53,91581,68],{"class":67},[53,91583,253],{"class":252},[53,91585,183],{"class":256},[53,91587,253],{"class":252},[53,91589,75],{"class":67},[53,91591,264],{"class":252},[53,91593,1453],{"class":256},[53,91595,253],{"class":252},[53,91597,75],{"class":67},[53,91599,264],{"class":252},[53,91601,1428],{"class":256},[53,91603,253],{"class":252},[53,91605,86],{"class":67},[53,91607,91608],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91609,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,91611,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624,91626,91628],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91613,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91615,69275],{"class":59},[53,91617,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91619,1568],{"class":114},[53,91621,102],{"class":67},[53,91623,11029],{"class":114},[53,91625,102],{"class":67},[53,91627,530],{"class":98},[53,91629,69290],{"class":67},[53,91631,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,91633,7936],{"class":114},[53,91635,102],{"class":67},[53,91637,36018],{"class":98},[53,91639,75],{"class":67},[53,91641,1080],{"class":98},[53,91643,338],{"class":67},[53,91645,36018],{"class":98},[53,91647,632],{"class":67},[14,91649,328],{},[44,91651,91652],{"className":46,"code":36030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,91653,91654,91660,91666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91655,91656,91658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91657,2000],{"class":71},[53,91659,36039],{"class":59},[53,91661,91662,91664],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91663,72],{"class":71},[53,91665,36046],{"class":59},[53,91667,91668,91670],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91669,1937],{"class":71},[53,91671,36053],{"class":59},[14,91673,91674,91675,91679],{},"This works, and it uses ",[183,91676,91677],{"href":42220},[18,91678,42223],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91681,91682],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[44,91684,91686],{"className":46,"code":91685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91687,91688,91720,91724,91736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91689,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91691,516],{"class":59},[53,91693,64],{"class":63},[53,91695,68],{"class":67},[53,91697,253],{"class":252},[53,91699,183],{"class":256},[53,91701,253],{"class":252},[53,91703,75],{"class":67},[53,91705,264],{"class":252},[53,91707,1453],{"class":256},[53,91709,253],{"class":252},[53,91711,75],{"class":67},[53,91713,264],{"class":252},[53,91715,1428],{"class":256},[53,91717,253],{"class":252},[53,91719,86],{"class":67},[53,91721,91722],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91723,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,91725,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91727,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91729,5833],{"class":59},[53,91731,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91733,1080],{"class":59},[53,91735,6265],{"class":67},[53,91737,91738,91740,91742,91744],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,91739,7936],{"class":114},[53,91741,102],{"class":67},[53,91743,212],{"class":98},[53,91745,108],{"class":67},[14,91747,36454,91748,91753],{},[183,91749,91751],{"href":91750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91752,35614],{}," is usually a better choice:",[44,91755,91757],{"className":46,"code":91756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91758,91759,91791,91795,91815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91760,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91762,516],{"class":59},[53,91764,64],{"class":63},[53,91766,68],{"class":67},[53,91768,253],{"class":252},[53,91770,183],{"class":256},[53,91772,253],{"class":252},[53,91774,75],{"class":67},[53,91776,264],{"class":252},[53,91778,1453],{"class":256},[53,91780,253],{"class":252},[53,91782,75],{"class":67},[53,91784,264],{"class":252},[53,91786,1428],{"class":256},[53,91788,253],{"class":252},[53,91790,86],{"class":67},[53,91792,91793],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91794,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,91796,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91798,1559],{"class":1558},[53,91800,35686],{"class":59},[53,91802,75],{"class":67},[53,91804,5833],{"class":59},[53,91806,1565],{"class":1558},[53,91808,35696],{"class":114},[53,91810,102],{"class":67},[53,91812,530],{"class":98},[53,91814,1580],{"class":67},[53,91816,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,91818,7936],{"class":114},[53,91820,102],{"class":67},[53,91822,35711],{"class":98},[53,91824,75],{"class":67},[53,91826,29373],{"class":98},[53,91828,108],{"class":67},[14,91830,78845,91831,95],{},[183,91832,36467,91833,36470],{"href":36466},[18,91834,35614],{},[39,91836,91838,91839,91841],{"id":91837},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,91840,36062],{}," to a list",[14,91843,91844,91846],{},[18,91845,36062],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91848,91849,91850,597],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,91851,24646],{},[44,91853,91855],{"className":46,"code":91854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,91856,91857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91858,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91860,115],{"class":114},[53,91862,102],{"class":67},[53,91864,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91866,102],{"class":67},[53,91868,59724],{"class":114},[53,91870,102],{"class":67},[53,91872,754],{"class":71},[53,91874,2793],{"class":67},[14,91876,328],{},[44,91878,91880],{"className":46,"code":91879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,91881,91882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91883,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91885,338],{"class":67},[53,91887,2000],{"class":71},[53,91889,75],{"class":67},[53,91891,5371],{"class":71},[53,91893,75],{"class":67},[53,91895,78],{"class":71},[53,91897,86],{"class":67},[14,91899,33175],{},[140,91901,91902,91907,91910],{},[143,91903,91904,91905,41948],{},"learning how ",[18,91906,36062],{},[143,91908,91909],{},"checking your values",[143,91911,91912],{},"debugging code",[14,91914,5345],{},[44,91916,91918],{"className":46,"code":91917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,91919,91920,91934,91938,91948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91923,60],{"class":59},[53,91925,64],{"class":63},[53,91927,1568],{"class":114},[53,91929,102],{"class":67},[53,91931,105],{"class":71},[53,91933,108],{"class":67},[53,91935,91936],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91937,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,91941,115],{"class":114},[53,91943,102],{"class":67},[53,91945,92],{"class":98},[53,91947,108],{"class":67},[53,91949,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,91951,115],{"class":114},[53,91953,102],{"class":67},[53,91955,7961],{"class":2782},[53,91957,102],{"class":67},[53,91959,92],{"class":98},[53,91961,1907],{"class":67},[14,91963,328],{},[44,91965,91967],{"className":46,"code":91966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,91968,91969,91983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91970,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91972,59724],{"class":114},[53,91974,102],{"class":67},[53,91976,2000],{"class":71},[53,91978,75],{"class":67},[53,91980,759],{"class":71},[53,91982,108],{"class":67},[53,91984,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,91986,338],{"class":67},[53,91988,2000],{"class":71},[53,91990,75],{"class":67},[53,91992,5371],{"class":71},[53,91994,75],{"class":67},[53,91996,78],{"class":71},[53,91998,75],{"class":67},[53,92000,83],{"class":71},[53,92002,86],{"class":67},[14,92004,92005,92006,10452,92008,92011],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92007,59724],{},[18,92009,92010],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[39,92013,1039],{"id":1038},[14,92015,33404,92016,95],{},[18,92017,36062],{},[830,92019,92021],{"id":92020},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92023,92024],{},"Many beginners think this:",[44,92026,92028],{"className":46,"code":92027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92029,92030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92031,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92033,115],{"class":114},[53,92035,102],{"class":67},[53,92037,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92039,102],{"class":67},[53,92041,59724],{"class":114},[53,92043,102],{"class":67},[53,92045,72],{"class":71},[53,92047,75],{"class":67},[53,92049,1577],{"class":71},[53,92051,2793],{"class":67},[14,92053,92054],{},"will produce:",[44,92056,92058],{"className":46,"code":92057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92059,92060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92061,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92063,338],{"class":67},[53,92065,72],{"class":71},[53,92067,75],{"class":67},[53,92069,78],{"class":71},[53,92071,75],{"class":67},[53,92073,83],{"class":71},[53,92075,75],{"class":67},[53,92077,759],{"class":71},[53,92079,75],{"class":67},[53,92081,1577],{"class":71},[53,92083,86],{"class":67},[14,92085,92086],{},"But the real output is:",[44,92088,92089],{"className":46,"code":980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92090,92091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92092,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92094,338],{"class":67},[53,92096,72],{"class":71},[53,92098,75],{"class":67},[53,92100,78],{"class":71},[53,92102,75],{"class":67},[53,92104,83],{"class":71},[53,92106,75],{"class":67},[53,92108,759],{"class":71},[53,92110,86],{"class":67},[14,92112,92113],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[830,92115,4454,92117,92119,92120],{"id":92116},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92118,90581],{}," starts at ",[18,92121,72],{},[14,92123,37330,92124,18827,92126,95],{},[18,92125,2000],{},[18,92127,72],{},[44,92129,92130],{"className":46,"code":90774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92131,92132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92133,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92135,115],{"class":114},[53,92137,102],{"class":67},[53,92139,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92141,102],{"class":67},[53,92143,59724],{"class":114},[53,92145,102],{"class":67},[53,92147,2017],{"class":71},[53,92149,2793],{"class":67},[14,92151,328],{},[44,92153,92154],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92155,92156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92157,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92159,338],{"class":67},[53,92161,2000],{"class":71},[53,92163,75],{"class":67},[53,92165,5371],{"class":71},[53,92167,75],{"class":67},[53,92169,78],{"class":71},[53,92171,75],{"class":67},[53,92173,83],{"class":71},[53,92175,75],{"class":67},[53,92177,759],{"class":71},[53,92179,86],{"class":67},[830,92181,92183],{"id":92182},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92185,92186,92187,597],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92188,2839],{},[44,92190,92192],{"className":46,"code":92191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92193,92194,92213,92217,92234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92195,92196,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92197,92198],{"class":59},"user_number ",[53,92200,64],{"class":63},[53,92202,8110],{"class":114},[53,92204,102],{"class":67},[53,92206,253],{"class":252},[53,92208,41734],{"class":256},[53,92210,253],{"class":252},[53,92212,108],{"class":67},[53,92214,92215],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,92216,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,92218,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92232],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,92220,1559],{"class":1558},[53,92222,69275],{"class":59},[53,92224,1565],{"class":1558},[53,92226,1568],{"class":114},[53,92228,102],{"class":67},[53,92230,92231],{"class":98},"user_number",[53,92233,1580],{"class":67},[53,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,92237,7936],{"class":114},[53,92239,102],{"class":67},[53,92241,36018],{"class":98},[53,92243,108],{"class":67},[14,92245,48373,92246,92248],{},[18,92247,2839],{}," returns a string.",[14,92250,1143],{},[44,92252,92254],{"className":46,"code":92253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92255,92256,92278,92282,92298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92257,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92259,92198],{"class":59},[53,92261,64],{"class":63},[53,92263,45139],{"class":2782},[53,92265,102],{"class":67},[53,92267,42325],{"class":114},[53,92269,102],{"class":67},[53,92271,253],{"class":252},[53,92273,41734],{"class":256},[53,92275,253],{"class":252},[53,92277,1907],{"class":67},[53,92279,92280],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,92281,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,92283,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,92285,1559],{"class":1558},[53,92287,69275],{"class":59},[53,92289,1565],{"class":1558},[53,92291,1568],{"class":114},[53,92293,102],{"class":67},[53,92295,92231],{"class":98},[53,92297,1580],{"class":67},[53,92299,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,92301,7936],{"class":114},[53,92303,102],{"class":67},[53,92305,36018],{"class":98},[53,92307,108],{"class":67},[14,92309,92310,92311,95],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[183,92312,50387,92313],{"href":50386},[18,92314,50390],{},[830,92316,92318,92319,92321,92322],{"id":92317},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92320,35938],{}," smaller than ",[18,92323,75153],{},[14,92325,92326],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[44,92328,92329],{"className":46,"code":91256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92330,92331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92332,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92334,115],{"class":114},[53,92336,102],{"class":67},[53,92338,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92340,102],{"class":67},[53,92342,59724],{"class":114},[53,92344,102],{"class":67},[53,92346,72],{"class":71},[53,92348,75],{"class":67},[53,92350,1577],{"class":71},[53,92352,75],{"class":67},[53,92354,2103],{"class":63},[53,92356,72],{"class":71},[53,92358,2793],{"class":67},[14,92360,328],{},[44,92362,92363],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92364,92365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92366,92367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92368,38160],{"class":67},[14,92370,92371],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[830,92373,25482,92375],{"id":92374},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92376,92377],{},"step = 0",[14,92379,77296],{},[44,92381,92383],{"className":46,"code":92382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92384,92385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92386,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92388,59724],{"class":114},[53,92390,102],{"class":67},[53,92392,72],{"class":71},[53,92394,75],{"class":67},[53,92396,5876],{"class":71},[53,92398,75],{"class":67},[53,92400,3713],{"class":71},[53,92402,108],{"class":67},[14,92404,92405],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[830,92407,4578,92409,92411],{"id":92408},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92410,36062],{}," is not a list",[14,92413,92414],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[44,92416,92418],{"className":46,"code":92417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92419,92420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92421,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92423,115],{"class":114},[53,92425,102],{"class":67},[53,92427,59724],{"class":114},[53,92429,102],{"class":67},[53,92431,2017],{"class":71},[53,92433,1907],{"class":67},[14,92435,328],{},[44,92437,92439],{"className":46,"code":92438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92440,92441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92442,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92444,59724],{"class":114},[53,92446,102],{"class":67},[53,92448,2000],{"class":71},[53,92450,75],{"class":67},[53,92452,1577],{"class":71},[53,92454,108],{"class":67},[14,92456,92457],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[44,92459,92460],{"className":46,"code":90774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92461,92462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92463,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92465,115],{"class":114},[53,92467,102],{"class":67},[53,92469,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92471,102],{"class":67},[53,92473,59724],{"class":114},[53,92475,102],{"class":67},[53,92477,2017],{"class":71},[53,92479,2793],{"class":67},[14,92481,328],{},[44,92483,92484],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,92485,92486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92487,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92489,338],{"class":67},[53,92491,2000],{"class":71},[53,92493,75],{"class":67},[53,92495,5371],{"class":71},[53,92497,75],{"class":67},[53,92499,78],{"class":71},[53,92501,75],{"class":67},[53,92503,83],{"class":71},[53,92505,75],{"class":67},[53,92507,759],{"class":71},[53,92509,86],{"class":67},[39,92511,92513],{"id":92512},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92515,8743,92516,82067],{},[18,92517,36062],{},[44,92519,92521],{"className":46,"code":92520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92522,92523,92537,92555,92577,92605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92524,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92526,115],{"class":114},[53,92528,102],{"class":67},[53,92530,59724],{"class":114},[53,92532,102],{"class":67},[53,92534,2017],{"class":71},[53,92536,1907],{"class":67},[53,92538,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,92540,115],{"class":114},[53,92542,102],{"class":67},[53,92544,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92546,102],{"class":67},[53,92548,59724],{"class":114},[53,92550,102],{"class":67},[53,92552,2017],{"class":71},[53,92554,2793],{"class":67},[53,92556,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,92558,115],{"class":114},[53,92560,102],{"class":67},[53,92562,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92564,102],{"class":67},[53,92566,59724],{"class":114},[53,92568,102],{"class":67},[53,92570,1937],{"class":71},[53,92572,75],{"class":67},[53,92574,6232],{"class":71},[53,92576,2793],{"class":67},[53,92578,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,92580,115],{"class":114},[53,92582,102],{"class":67},[53,92584,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92586,102],{"class":67},[53,92588,59724],{"class":114},[53,92590,102],{"class":67},[53,92592,539],{"class":71},[53,92594,75],{"class":67},[53,92596,3713],{"class":71},[53,92598,75],{"class":67},[53,92600,2103],{"class":63},[53,92602,1937],{"class":71},[53,92604,2793],{"class":67},[53,92606,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,92608,115],{"class":114},[53,92610,102],{"class":67},[53,92612,3102],{"class":2782},[53,92614,102],{"class":67},[53,92616,59724],{"class":114},[53,92618,102],{"class":67},[53,92620,2017],{"class":71},[53,92622,2793],{"class":67},[14,92624,25873],{},[140,92626,92627,92630,92633],{},[143,92628,92629],{},"what values are being created",[143,92631,92632],{},"whether the direction is correct",[143,92634,92635,92636,24482],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92637,59724],{},[39,92639,1650],{"id":1649},[830,92641,12570,92643,92645],{"id":92642},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92644,36062],{}," include the last number?",[14,92647,92648],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[830,92650,5033,92652,92654,92655,2370],{"id":92651},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92653,90581],{}," start at ",[18,92656,2000],{},[14,92658,92659,92660,95],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92661,2000],{},[830,92663,5045,92665,92667],{"id":92664},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92666,36062],{}," count backward?",[14,92669,92670,92671,95],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92672,92673],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[830,92675,14766,92677,25908],{"id":92676},"is-range-a-list",[18,92678,36062],{},[14,92680,25911,92681,92683,92684,23803],{},[18,92682,59724],{}," object. Use ",[18,92685,92686],{},"list(range(...))",[830,92688,5033,92690,48547],{"id":92689},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92691,92692],{},"range(input())",[14,92694,92695,3365,92697,95],{},[18,92696,2839],{},[18,92698,92699],{},"int(input())",[39,92701,1782],{"id":1781},[140,92703,92704,92708,92714,92720,92726],{},[143,92705,92706],{},[183,92707,35894],{"href":35893},[143,92709,92710],{},[183,92711,3457,92712,3390],{"href":42220},[18,92713,42223],{},[143,92715,92716],{},[183,92717,3457,92718,3390],{"href":91750},[18,92719,35614],{},[143,92721,92722],{},[183,92723,37381,92724,36470],{"href":36466},[18,92725,35614],{},[143,92727,92728],{},[183,92729,50387,92730],{"href":50386},[18,92731,50390],{},[1810,92733,92734],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":92736},[92737,92738,92740,92746,92754,92761,92763,92775,92776,92788],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":90590,"depth":89,"text":92739},"What range() does",{"id":90683,"depth":89,"text":92741,"children":92742},"range() syntax",[92743,92744,92745],{"id":90763,"depth":111,"text":90766},{"id":90827,"depth":111,"text":90830},{"id":90895,"depth":111,"text":90898},{"id":90966,"depth":89,"text":90967,"children":92747},[92748,92749,92750,92751,92752],{"id":90973,"depth":111,"text":90581},{"id":91036,"depth":111,"text":91039},{"id":91100,"depth":111,"text":91103},{"id":91176,"depth":111,"text":91177},{"id":76540,"depth":111,"text":92753},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91335,"depth":89,"text":92755,"children":92756},"Using range() in a for loop",[92757,92758,92759],{"id":91437,"depth":111,"text":91438},{"id":91482,"depth":111,"text":91483},{"id":91562,"depth":111,"text":92760},"range() and indexing",{"id":91837,"depth":89,"text":92762},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":92764},[92765,92766,92768,92769,92771,92773],{"id":92020,"depth":111,"text":92021},{"id":92116,"depth":111,"text":92767},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92182,"depth":111,"text":92183},{"id":92317,"depth":111,"text":92770},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92374,"depth":111,"text":92772},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92408,"depth":111,"text":92774},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92512,"depth":89,"text":92513},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":92777},[92778,92780,92782,92784,92786],{"id":92642,"depth":111,"text":92779},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92651,"depth":111,"text":92781},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92664,"depth":111,"text":92783},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92676,"depth":111,"text":92785},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92689,"depth":111,"text":92787},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90484,"description":92789},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92796,"title":92797,"body":92798,"description":94471,"extension":1841,"meta":94472,"navigation":301,"path":94473,"seo":94474,"stem":94475,"__hash__":94476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92799,"toc":94444},[92800,92809,92816,92833,92849,92851,92900,92908,92912,92915,92935,92937,93001,93003,93046,93049,93095,93097,93130,93140,93146,93154,93171,93173,93204,93206,93231,93236,93247,93250,93320,93322,93353,93358,93363,93380,93382,93433,93435,93468,93471,93478,93483,93487,93503,93505,93549,93551,93597,93600,93613,93618,93622,93636,93638,93689,93691,93724,93729,93731,93738,93740,93763,93765,93830,93832,93849,93852,93885,93887,93915,93925,93932,93936,93939,93957,93960,93988,93991,94009,94014,94020,94023,94045,94047,94075,94077,94080,94105,94108,94221,94223,94302,94304,94310,94315,94323,94331,94335,94338,94340,94373,94375,94383,94389,94396,94403,94406,94408,94441],[10,92801,3457,92803,10452,92805,92808],{"id":92802},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,92804,36062],{},[18,92806,92807],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92810,92811,4269,92813,92815],{},[18,92812,36062],{},[18,92814,92807],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[140,92817,92818,92826],{},[143,92819,92820,92822,92823],{},[18,92821,36062],{}," creates a ",[23,92824,92825],{},"range object",[143,92827,92828,92822,92830],{},[18,92829,92807],{},[23,92831,92832],{},"real list",[14,92834,92835,92836,92838,92839,92842,92843,92845,92846,92848],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,92837,90581],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,92840,92841],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,92844,36062],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,92847,92807],{}," when you actually need a list.",[39,92850,42],{"id":41},[44,92852,92854],{"className":46,"code":92853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92855,92856,92870,92883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92857,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92859,60],{"class":59},[53,92861,64],{"class":63},[53,92863,1568],{"class":114},[53,92865,102],{"class":67},[53,92867,2017],{"class":71},[53,92869,108],{"class":67},[53,92871,92872,92874,92876,92878,92880],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,92873,115],{"class":114},[53,92875,102],{"class":67},[53,92877,92],{"class":98},[53,92879,3539],{"class":67},[53,92881,92882],{"class":127},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[53,92884,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,92886,115],{"class":114},[53,92888,102],{"class":67},[53,92890,7961],{"class":2782},[53,92892,102],{"class":67},[53,92894,92],{"class":98},[53,92896,5236],{"class":67},[53,92898,92899],{"class":127},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92901,131,92902,92904,92905,92907],{},[18,92903,36062],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,92906,92807],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[39,92909,92911],{"id":92910},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92913,92914],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[140,92916,92917,92924,92929,92932],{},[143,92918,92919,21840,92921,92923],{},[18,92920,36062],{},[23,92922,92825],{},", not a list",[143,92925,92926,92928],{},[18,92927,92807],{}," converts that range object into a list",[143,92930,92931],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[143,92933,92934],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92936,235],{},[44,92938,92940],{"className":46,"code":92939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,92941,92942,92957,92976,92980,92990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92943,92944,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92945,92946],{"class":59},"r ",[53,92948,64],{"class":63},[53,92950,1568],{"class":114},[53,92952,102],{"class":67},[53,92954,2017],{"class":71},[53,92956,108],{"class":67},[53,92958,92959,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,92960,92961],{"class":59},"lst ",[53,92963,64],{"class":63},[53,92965,22425],{"class":2782},[53,92967,102],{"class":67},[53,92969,59724],{"class":114},[53,92971,102],{"class":67},[53,92973,2017],{"class":71},[53,92975,1907],{"class":67},[53,92977,92978],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,92979,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,92981,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,92983,115],{"class":114},[53,92985,102],{"class":67},[53,92987,60231],{"class":98},[53,92989,108],{"class":67},[53,92991,92992,92994,92996,92999],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,92993,115],{"class":114},[53,92995,102],{"class":67},[53,92997,92998],{"class":98},"lst",[53,93000,108],{"class":67},[14,93002,328],{},[44,93004,93006],{"className":46,"code":93005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93007,93008,93022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93009,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93011,59724],{"class":114},[53,93013,102],{"class":67},[53,93015,2000],{"class":71},[53,93017,75],{"class":67},[53,93019,1577],{"class":71},[53,93021,108],{"class":67},[53,93023,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93025,338],{"class":67},[53,93027,2000],{"class":71},[53,93029,75],{"class":67},[53,93031,5371],{"class":71},[53,93033,75],{"class":67},[53,93035,78],{"class":71},[53,93037,75],{"class":67},[53,93039,83],{"class":71},[53,93041,75],{"class":67},[53,93043,759],{"class":71},[53,93045,86],{"class":67},[14,93047,93048],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[44,93050,93052],{"className":46,"code":93051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93053,93054,93072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93055,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068,93070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93057,115],{"class":114},[53,93059,102],{"class":67},[53,93061,3102],{"class":2782},[53,93063,102],{"class":67},[53,93065,59724],{"class":114},[53,93067,102],{"class":67},[53,93069,2017],{"class":71},[53,93071,2793],{"class":67},[53,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93075,115],{"class":114},[53,93077,102],{"class":67},[53,93079,3102],{"class":2782},[53,93081,102],{"class":67},[53,93083,7961],{"class":2782},[53,93085,102],{"class":67},[53,93087,59724],{"class":114},[53,93089,102],{"class":67},[53,93091,2017],{"class":71},[53,93093,93094],{"class":67},"))))\n",[14,93096,328],{},[44,93098,93100],{"className":46,"code":93099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93101,93102,93116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93103,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93105,3171],{"class":63},[53,93107,3174],{"class":1945},[53,93109,350],{"class":252},[53,93111,59724],{"class":256},[53,93113,341],{"class":252},[53,93115,3183],{"class":63},[53,93117,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93119,3171],{"class":63},[53,93121,3174],{"class":1945},[53,93123,350],{"class":252},[53,93125,7961],{"class":256},[53,93127,341],{"class":252},[53,93129,3183],{"class":63},[14,93131,93132,93133,93135,93136,95],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93134,36062],{}," works, see ",[183,93137,3457,93138,3390],{"href":92791},[18,93139,36062],{},[39,93141,3556,93143,93145],{"id":93142},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93144,36062],{}," gives you",[14,93147,93148,93150,93151,93153],{},[18,93149,36062],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93152,1559],{}," loops.",[140,93155,93156,93159,93162,93165],{},[143,93157,93158],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[143,93160,93161],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[143,93163,93164],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[143,93166,93167,93168],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93169,93170],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93172,235],{},[44,93174,93176],{"className":46,"code":93175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93177,93178,93194],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93179,93180,93182,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93181,1559],{"class":1558},[53,93183,69275],{"class":59},[53,93185,1565],{"class":1558},[53,93187,1568],{"class":114},[53,93189,102],{"class":67},[53,93191,2017],{"class":71},[53,93193,1580],{"class":67},[53,93195,93196,93198,93200,93202],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93197,7936],{"class":114},[53,93199,102],{"class":67},[53,93201,36018],{"class":98},[53,93203,108],{"class":67},[14,93205,328],{},[44,93207,93209],{"className":46,"code":93208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93210,93211,93215,93219,93223,93227],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93212,93213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93214,47114],{"class":71},[53,93216,93217],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93218,46779],{"class":71},[53,93220,93221],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93222,16921],{"class":71},[53,93224,93225],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93226,46479],{"class":71},[53,93228,93229],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,93230,48513],{"class":71},[14,93232,20635,93233,93235],{},[18,93234,90581],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93237,93238,93239,93241,93242,95],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93240,36062],{}," is so common with ",[183,93243,3457,93245,90612],{"href":93244},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93246,1559],{},[14,93248,93249],{},"You can also inspect it:",[44,93251,93253],{"className":46,"code":93252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93254,93255,93277,93281,93291,93305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93256,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93258,92946],{"class":59},[53,93260,64],{"class":63},[53,93262,1568],{"class":114},[53,93264,102],{"class":67},[53,93266,1937],{"class":71},[53,93268,75],{"class":67},[53,93270,5876],{"class":71},[53,93272,75],{"class":67},[53,93274,78],{"class":71},[53,93276,108],{"class":67},[53,93278,93279],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93280,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,93282,93283,93285,93287,93289],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93284,115],{"class":114},[53,93286,102],{"class":67},[53,93288,60231],{"class":98},[53,93290,108],{"class":67},[53,93292,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93294,115],{"class":114},[53,93296,102],{"class":67},[53,93298,11029],{"class":114},[53,93300,102],{"class":67},[53,93302,60231],{"class":98},[53,93304,1907],{"class":67},[53,93306,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93318],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,93308,115],{"class":114},[53,93310,102],{"class":67},[53,93312,80321],{"class":71},[53,93314,21038],{"class":1558},[53,93316,93317],{"class":98}," r",[53,93319,108],{"class":67},[14,93321,328],{},[44,93323,93325],{"className":46,"code":93324,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93326,93327,93345,93349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93328,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93330,59724],{"class":114},[53,93332,102],{"class":67},[53,93334,1937],{"class":71},[53,93336,75],{"class":67},[53,93338,5876],{"class":71},[53,93340,75],{"class":67},[53,93342,78],{"class":71},[53,93344,108],{"class":67},[53,93346,93347],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93348,48513],{"class":71},[53,93350,93351],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93352,3855],{"class":369},[39,93354,3556,93356,93145],{"id":93355},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93357,92807],{},[14,93359,93360,93362],{},[18,93361,92807],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[140,93364,93365,93368,93371,93374],{},[143,93366,93367],{},"It creates all values at once",[143,93369,93370],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[143,93372,93373],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[143,93375,93376,93377,93379],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93378,36062],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93381,235],{},[44,93383,93385],{"className":46,"code":93384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93386,93387,93405,93409,93419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93388,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397,93399,93401,93403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93390,60],{"class":59},[53,93392,64],{"class":63},[53,93394,22425],{"class":2782},[53,93396,102],{"class":67},[53,93398,59724],{"class":114},[53,93400,102],{"class":67},[53,93402,2017],{"class":71},[53,93404,1907],{"class":67},[53,93406,93407],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93408,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,93410,93411,93413,93415,93417],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93412,115],{"class":114},[53,93414,102],{"class":67},[53,93416,92],{"class":98},[53,93418,108],{"class":67},[53,93420,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93422,115],{"class":114},[53,93424,102],{"class":67},[53,93426,92],{"class":98},[53,93428,338],{"class":67},[53,93430,1937],{"class":71},[53,93432,632],{"class":67},[14,93434,328],{},[44,93436,93438],{"className":46,"code":93437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93439,93440,93464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93441,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93443,338],{"class":67},[53,93445,2000],{"class":71},[53,93447,75],{"class":67},[53,93449,5371],{"class":71},[53,93451,75],{"class":67},[53,93453,78],{"class":71},[53,93455,75],{"class":67},[53,93457,83],{"class":71},[53,93459,75],{"class":67},[53,93461,759],{"class":71},[53,93463,86],{"class":67},[53,93465,93466],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93467,16921],{"class":71},[14,93469,93470],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93472,93473,93474,95],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[183,93475,3457,93476,3390],{"href":64574},[18,93477,24646],{},[39,93479,4835,93481],{"id":93480},"when-to-use-range",[18,93482,36062],{},[14,93484,131,93485,10468],{},[18,93486,36062],{},[140,93488,93489,93494,93497,93500],{},[143,93490,93491,93492,91341],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93493,1559],{},[143,93495,93496],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[143,93498,93499],{},"You are working with large sequences",[143,93501,93502],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93504,235],{},[44,93506,93508],{"className":46,"code":93507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93509,93510,93530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93511,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93513,1559],{"class":1558},[53,93515,69275],{"class":59},[53,93517,1565],{"class":1558},[53,93519,1568],{"class":114},[53,93521,102],{"class":67},[53,93523,72],{"class":71},[53,93525,75],{"class":67},[53,93527,37506],{"class":71},[53,93529,1580],{"class":67},[53,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538,93541,93543,93545,93547],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93533,7936],{"class":114},[53,93535,102],{"class":67},[53,93537,253],{"class":252},[53,93539,93540],{"class":256},"Count:",[53,93542,253],{"class":252},[53,93544,75],{"class":67},[53,93546,35994],{"class":98},[53,93548,108],{"class":67},[14,93550,328],{},[44,93552,93554],{"className":46,"code":93553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93555,93556,93565,93573,93581,93589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93557,93558,93561,93563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93559,93560],{"class":59},"Count",[53,93562,597],{"class":67},[53,93564,29481],{"class":71},[53,93566,93567,93569,93571],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93568,93560],{"class":59},[53,93570,597],{"class":67},[53,93572,45452],{"class":71},[53,93574,93575,93577,93579],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93576,93560],{"class":59},[53,93578,597],{"class":67},[53,93580,2455],{"class":71},[53,93582,93583,93585,93587],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93584,93560],{"class":59},[53,93586,597],{"class":67},[53,93588,23528],{"class":71},[53,93590,93591,93593,93595],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,93592,93560],{"class":59},[53,93594,597],{"class":67},[53,93596,34706],{"class":71},[14,93598,93599],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93601,93602,93603,93605,93606,62014,93608,95],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93604,35614],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93607,36460],{},[183,93609,36467,93611,36470],{"href":93610},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93612,35614],{},[39,93614,4835,93616],{"id":93615},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93617,92807],{},[14,93619,131,93620,10468],{},[18,93621,92807],{},[140,93623,93624,93627,93630,93633],{},[143,93625,93626],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[143,93628,93629],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[143,93631,93632],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[143,93634,93635],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93637,235],{},[44,93639,93641],{"className":46,"code":93640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93642,93643,93661,93675,93679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93644,93645,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93646,60],{"class":59},[53,93648,64],{"class":63},[53,93650,22425],{"class":2782},[53,93652,102],{"class":67},[53,93654,59724],{"class":114},[53,93656,102],{"class":67},[53,93658,2017],{"class":71},[53,93660,1907],{"class":67},[53,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93664,92],{"class":59},[53,93666,95],{"class":67},[53,93668,99],{"class":98},[53,93670,102],{"class":67},[53,93672,2017],{"class":71},[53,93674,108],{"class":67},[53,93676,93677],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93678,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93682,115],{"class":114},[53,93684,102],{"class":67},[53,93686,92],{"class":98},[53,93688,108],{"class":67},[14,93690,328],{},[44,93692,93694],{"className":46,"code":93693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93695,93696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93697,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720,93722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93699,338],{"class":67},[53,93701,2000],{"class":71},[53,93703,75],{"class":67},[53,93705,5371],{"class":71},[53,93707,75],{"class":67},[53,93709,78],{"class":71},[53,93711,75],{"class":67},[53,93713,83],{"class":71},[53,93715,75],{"class":67},[53,93717,759],{"class":71},[53,93719,75],{"class":67},[53,93721,1577],{"class":71},[53,93723,86],{"class":67},[14,93725,5932,93726,93728],{},[18,93727,92],{}," is a list.",[39,93730,15460],{"id":15459},[14,93732,93733,93735,93736,95],{},[18,93734,36062],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[23,93737,37460],{},[14,93739,1987],{},[140,93741,93742,93744,93749,93754,93757],{},[143,93743,21850],{},[143,93745,93746,93747],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93748,42223],{},[143,93750,93751,93752],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93753,1565],{},[143,93755,93756],{},"You can index it",[143,93758,93759,93760,93762],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93761,20],{}," do not work on it",[14,93764,235],{},[44,93766,93768],{"className":46,"code":93767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93769,93770,93784,93788,93802,93816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93771,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93773,92946],{"class":59},[53,93775,64],{"class":63},[53,93777,1568],{"class":114},[53,93779,102],{"class":67},[53,93781,2017],{"class":71},[53,93783,108],{"class":67},[53,93785,93786],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93787,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,93789,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93791,115],{"class":114},[53,93793,102],{"class":67},[53,93795,60231],{"class":98},[53,93797,338],{"class":67},[53,93799,1937],{"class":71},[53,93801,632],{"class":67},[53,93803,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,93805,115],{"class":114},[53,93807,102],{"class":67},[53,93809,11029],{"class":114},[53,93811,102],{"class":67},[53,93813,60231],{"class":98},[53,93815,1907],{"class":67},[53,93817,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,93819,115],{"class":114},[53,93821,102],{"class":67},[53,93823,754],{"class":71},[53,93825,21038],{"class":1558},[53,93827,93317],{"class":98},[53,93829,108],{"class":67},[14,93831,328],{},[44,93833,93835],{"className":46,"code":93834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,93836,93837,93841,93845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93838,93839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93840,16921],{"class":71},[53,93842,93843],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93844,2828],{"class":71},[53,93846,93847],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,93848,3855],{"class":369},[14,93850,93851],{},"Now compare that with this:",[44,93853,93855],{"className":46,"code":93854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,93856,93857,93871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93858,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93860,92946],{"class":59},[53,93862,64],{"class":63},[53,93864,1568],{"class":114},[53,93866,102],{"class":67},[53,93868,2017],{"class":71},[53,93870,108],{"class":67},[53,93872,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881,93883],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,93874,60231],{"class":59},[53,93876,95],{"class":67},[53,93878,99],{"class":98},[53,93880,102],{"class":67},[53,93882,2017],{"class":71},[53,93884,108],{"class":67},[14,93886,328],{},[44,93888,93890],{"className":46,"code":93889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,93891,93892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93893,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93909,93911,93913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93895,25537],{"class":2782},[53,93897,597],{"class":67},[53,93899,350],{"class":252},[53,93901,59724],{"class":256},[53,93903,341],{"class":252},[53,93905,24482],{"class":2782},[53,93907,93908],{"class":59}," has no attribute ",[53,93910,341],{"class":252},[53,93912,99],{"class":256},[53,93914,29566],{"class":252},[14,93916,93917,93918,2072,93920,2076,93922,93924],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,93919,20],{},[18,93921,55253],{},[18,93923,64038],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93926,93927,93928,95],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[183,93929,25545,93930],{"href":35284},[18,93931,34119],{},[39,93933,93935],{"id":93934},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93937,93938],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[44,93940,93941],{"className":46,"code":92417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,93942,93943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93944,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93946,115],{"class":114},[53,93948,102],{"class":67},[53,93950,59724],{"class":114},[53,93952,102],{"class":67},[53,93954,2017],{"class":71},[53,93956,1907],{"class":67},[14,93958,93959],{},"to show:",[44,93961,93962],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,93963,93964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93965,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93967,338],{"class":67},[53,93969,2000],{"class":71},[53,93971,75],{"class":67},[53,93973,5371],{"class":71},[53,93975,75],{"class":67},[53,93977,78],{"class":71},[53,93979,75],{"class":67},[53,93981,83],{"class":71},[53,93983,75],{"class":67},[53,93985,759],{"class":71},[53,93987,86],{"class":67},[14,93989,93990],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[44,93992,93993],{"className":46,"code":92438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,93994,93995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93996,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93998,59724],{"class":114},[53,94000,102],{"class":67},[53,94002,2000],{"class":71},[53,94004,75],{"class":67},[53,94006,1577],{"class":71},[53,94008,108],{"class":67},[14,94010,4502,94011,94013],{},[23,94012,36],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94015,94016,94017,94019],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[23,94018,92825],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94021,94022],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[44,94024,94025],{"className":46,"code":90774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,94026,94027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94028,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94030,115],{"class":114},[53,94032,102],{"class":67},[53,94034,7961],{"class":2782},[53,94036,102],{"class":67},[53,94038,59724],{"class":114},[53,94040,102],{"class":67},[53,94042,2017],{"class":71},[53,94044,2793],{"class":67},[14,94046,328],{},[44,94048,94049],{"className":46,"code":59747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,94050,94051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94052,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94054,338],{"class":67},[53,94056,2000],{"class":71},[53,94058,75],{"class":67},[53,94060,5371],{"class":71},[53,94062,75],{"class":67},[53,94064,78],{"class":71},[53,94066,75],{"class":67},[53,94068,83],{"class":71},[53,94070,75],{"class":67},[53,94072,759],{"class":71},[53,94074,86],{"class":67},[39,94076,2709],{"id":2708},[14,94078,94079],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[140,94081,94082,94088,94091,94097],{},[143,94083,833,94084,94087],{},[18,94085,94086],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[143,94089,94090],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[143,94092,94093,94094,94096],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94095,36062],{}," is iterable but not a list",[143,94098,833,94099,94101,94102,94104],{},[18,94100,92807],{}," when plain ",[18,94103,36062],{}," would be simpler",[14,94106,94107],{},"These quick checks can help:",[44,94109,94111],{"className":46,"code":94110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94112,94113,94127,94145,94163,94185,94203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94114,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94116,115],{"class":114},[53,94118,102],{"class":67},[53,94120,59724],{"class":114},[53,94122,102],{"class":67},[53,94124,2017],{"class":71},[53,94126,1907],{"class":67},[53,94128,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94130,115],{"class":114},[53,94132,102],{"class":67},[53,94134,7961],{"class":2782},[53,94136,102],{"class":67},[53,94138,59724],{"class":114},[53,94140,102],{"class":67},[53,94142,2017],{"class":71},[53,94144,2793],{"class":67},[53,94146,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94148,115],{"class":114},[53,94150,102],{"class":67},[53,94152,3102],{"class":2782},[53,94154,102],{"class":67},[53,94156,59724],{"class":114},[53,94158,102],{"class":67},[53,94160,2017],{"class":71},[53,94162,2793],{"class":67},[53,94164,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179,94181,94183],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,94166,115],{"class":114},[53,94168,102],{"class":67},[53,94170,3102],{"class":2782},[53,94172,102],{"class":67},[53,94174,7961],{"class":2782},[53,94176,102],{"class":67},[53,94178,59724],{"class":114},[53,94180,102],{"class":67},[53,94182,2017],{"class":71},[53,94184,93094],{"class":67},[53,94186,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,94188,115],{"class":114},[53,94190,102],{"class":67},[53,94192,754],{"class":71},[53,94194,21038],{"class":1558},[53,94196,1568],{"class":114},[53,94198,102],{"class":67},[53,94200,2017],{"class":71},[53,94202,1907],{"class":67},[53,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,94206,115],{"class":114},[53,94208,102],{"class":67},[53,94210,11029],{"class":114},[53,94212,102],{"class":67},[53,94214,59724],{"class":114},[53,94216,102],{"class":67},[53,94218,2017],{"class":71},[53,94220,2793],{"class":67},[14,94222,328],{},[44,94224,94226],{"className":46,"code":94225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94227,94228,94242,94266,94280,94294,94298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94229,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94231,59724],{"class":114},[53,94233,102],{"class":67},[53,94235,2000],{"class":71},[53,94237,75],{"class":67},[53,94239,1577],{"class":71},[53,94241,108],{"class":67},[53,94243,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94245,338],{"class":67},[53,94247,2000],{"class":71},[53,94249,75],{"class":67},[53,94251,5371],{"class":71},[53,94253,75],{"class":67},[53,94255,78],{"class":71},[53,94257,75],{"class":67},[53,94259,83],{"class":71},[53,94261,75],{"class":67},[53,94263,759],{"class":71},[53,94265,86],{"class":67},[53,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94269,3171],{"class":63},[53,94271,3174],{"class":1945},[53,94273,350],{"class":252},[53,94275,59724],{"class":256},[53,94277,341],{"class":252},[53,94279,3183],{"class":63},[53,94281,94282,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,94283,3171],{"class":63},[53,94285,3174],{"class":1945},[53,94287,350],{"class":252},[53,94289,7961],{"class":256},[53,94291,341],{"class":252},[53,94293,3183],{"class":63},[53,94295,94296],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,94297,3855],{"class":369},[53,94299,94300],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,94301,2828],{"class":71},[39,94303,1650],{"id":1649},[830,94305,14766,94307,94309],{"id":94306},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94308,36062],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94311,1657,94312,94314],{},[18,94313,36062],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[830,94316,94318,94319,10959,94321,2370],{"id":94317},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94320,36062],{},[18,94322,92807],{},[14,94324,94325,94327,94328,94330],{},[18,94326,36062],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94329,92807],{}," creates a full list.",[830,94332,94334],{"id":94333},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94336,94337],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94339,235],{},[44,94341,94343],{"className":46,"code":94342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94344,94345,94359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94346,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94348,92946],{"class":59},[53,94350,64],{"class":63},[53,94352,1568],{"class":114},[53,94354,102],{"class":67},[53,94356,2017],{"class":71},[53,94358,108],{"class":67},[53,94360,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94362,115],{"class":114},[53,94364,102],{"class":67},[53,94366,60231],{"class":98},[53,94368,338],{"class":67},[53,94370,72],{"class":71},[53,94372,632],{"class":67},[14,94374,328],{},[44,94376,94377],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,94378,94379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94380,94381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94382,46779],{"class":71},[830,94384,5033,94386,94388],{"id":94385},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94387,94086],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94390,94391,94392,94395],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94393,94394],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[830,94397,94399,94400,94402],{"id":94398},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94401,36062],{}," to a list?",[14,94404,94405],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[39,94407,1782],{"id":1781},[140,94409,94410,94416,94422,94429,94435],{},[143,94411,94412],{},[183,94413,3457,94414,3390],{"href":92791},[18,94415,36062],{},[143,94417,94418],{},[183,94419,3457,94420,3390],{"href":64574},[18,94421,24646],{},[143,94423,94424],{},[183,94425,3457,94426,94428],{"href":93244},[18,94427,1559],{}," loops explained",[143,94430,94431],{},[183,94432,37381,94433,36470],{"href":93610},[18,94434,35614],{},[143,94436,94437],{},[183,94438,25987,94439],{"href":35284},[18,94440,34119],{},[1810,94442,94443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":94445},[94446,94447,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456,94457,94458,94459,94470],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":92910,"depth":89,"text":92911},{"id":93142,"depth":89,"text":94449},"What range() gives you",{"id":93355,"depth":89,"text":94451},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93480,"depth":89,"text":94453},"When to use range()",{"id":93615,"depth":89,"text":94455},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15459,"depth":89,"text":15460},{"id":93934,"depth":89,"text":93935},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":94460},[94461,94463,94465,94466,94468],{"id":94306,"depth":111,"text":94462},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94317,"depth":111,"text":94464},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94333,"depth":111,"text":94334},{"id":94385,"depth":111,"text":94467},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94398,"depth":111,"text":94469},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92797,"description":94471},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94478,"title":94479,"body":94480,"description":95916,"extension":1841,"meta":95917,"navigation":301,"path":95918,"seo":95919,"stem":95920,"__hash__":95921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94481,"toc":95882},[94482,94488,94493,94496,94510,94513,94515,94554,94556,94569,94577,94582,94598,94601,94603,94605,94626,94643,94646,94705,94707,94726,94731,94737,94740,94774,94776,94789,94792,94837,94839,94862,94869,94875,94878,94919,94921,94935,94938,94996,94998,95013,95026,95032,95038,95103,95105,95124,95126,95144,95147,95151,95157,95159,95192,95194,95207,95217,95220,95281,95283,95304,95307,95309,95325,95330,95334,95339,95344,95400,95402,95420,95423,95468,95470,95478,95483,95487,95501,95503,95535,95537,95546,95548,95552,95561,95564,95596,95598,95610,95613,95617,95622,95663,95665,95673,95676,95699,95703,95705,95714,95717,95770,95772,95781,95785,95790,95801,95803,95812,95815,95821,95824,95830,95840,95848,95855,95857,95879],[10,94483,3457,94485,3461],{"id":94484},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94486,94487],{},"round()",[14,94489,8991,94490,94492],{},[18,94491,94487],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94494,94495],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[140,94497,94498,94504],{},[143,94499,94500,94503],{},[18,94501,94502],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[143,94505,94506,94509],{},[18,94507,94508],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94511,94512],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[39,94514,1882],{"id":1881},[44,94516,94518],{"className":46,"code":94517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94519,94520,94536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94521,94522,94524,94526,94529,94531,94534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94523,115],{"class":114},[53,94525,102],{"class":67},[53,94527,94528],{"class":114},"round",[53,94530,102],{"class":67},[53,94532,94533],{"class":71},"3.14159",[53,94535,1907],{"class":67},[53,94537,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94539,115],{"class":114},[53,94541,102],{"class":67},[53,94543,94528],{"class":114},[53,94545,102],{"class":67},[53,94547,94533],{"class":71},[53,94549,75],{"class":67},[53,94551,78],{"class":71},[53,94553,1907],{"class":67},[14,94555,328],{},[44,94557,94559],{"className":46,"code":94558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94560,94561,94565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94562,94563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94564,46479],{"class":71},[53,94566,94567],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94568,40040],{"class":71},[14,94570,131,94571,94573,94574,94576],{},[18,94572,94502],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94575,94508],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[39,94578,3556,94580,3559],{"id":94579},"what-round-does",[18,94581,94487],{},[140,94583,94584,94589,94592,94595],{},[143,94585,94586,94588],{},[18,94587,94487],{}," is a built-in Python function",[143,94590,94591],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[143,94593,94594],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[143,94596,94597],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94599,94600],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[39,94602,2039],{"id":2038},[14,94604,2042],{},[44,94606,94608],{"className":46,"code":94607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94609,94610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94611,94612,94614,94616,94618,94621,94624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94613,94528],{"class":114},[53,94615,102],{"class":67},[53,94617,2120],{"class":98},[53,94619,94620],{"class":67},"[,",[53,94622,94623],{"class":98}," ndigits",[53,94625,632],{"class":67},[140,94627,94628,94633,94638],{},[143,94629,94630,94632],{},[18,94631,2120],{}," is the value to round",[143,94634,94635,19903],{},[18,94636,94637],{},"ndigits",[143,94639,94640,94642],{},[18,94641,94637],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94644,94645],{},"Basic examples:",[44,94647,94649],{"className":46,"code":94648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94650,94651,94666,94684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94652,94653,94655,94657,94659,94661,94664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94654,115],{"class":114},[53,94656,102],{"class":67},[53,94658,94528],{"class":114},[53,94660,102],{"class":67},[53,94662,94663],{"class":71},"7.8",[53,94665,1907],{"class":67},[53,94667,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94669,115],{"class":114},[53,94671,102],{"class":67},[53,94673,94528],{"class":114},[53,94675,102],{"class":67},[53,94677,94663],{"class":71},[53,94679,75],{"class":67},[53,94681,5371],{"class":71},[53,94683,1907],{"class":67},[53,94685,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94687,115],{"class":114},[53,94689,102],{"class":67},[53,94691,94528],{"class":114},[53,94693,102],{"class":67},[53,94695,94696],{"class":71},"1234",[53,94698,75],{"class":67},[53,94700,2103],{"class":63},[53,94702,1937],{"class":71},[53,94704,1907],{"class":67},[14,94706,328],{},[44,94708,94710],{"className":46,"code":94709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94711,94712,94716,94721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94713,94714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94715,2260],{"class":71},[53,94717,94718],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94719,94720],{"class":71},"7.8\n",[53,94722,94723],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94724,94725],{"class":71},"1200\n",[14,94727,94728,94729,95],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[183,94730,2298],{"href":2297},[39,94732,833,94734,94736],{"id":94733},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94735,94487],{}," with one argument",[14,94738,94739],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[44,94741,94743],{"className":46,"code":94742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94744,94745,94759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94746,94747,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94748,115],{"class":114},[53,94750,102],{"class":67},[53,94752,94528],{"class":114},[53,94754,102],{"class":67},[53,94756,2241],{"class":71},[53,94758,1907],{"class":67},[53,94760,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94772],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94762,115],{"class":114},[53,94764,102],{"class":67},[53,94766,94528],{"class":114},[53,94768,102],{"class":67},[53,94770,94771],{"class":71},"4.8",[53,94773,1907],{"class":67},[14,94775,328],{},[44,94777,94779],{"className":46,"code":94778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n5\n",[18,94780,94781,94785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94782,94783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94784,48513],{"class":71},[53,94786,94787],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94788,2828],{"class":71},[14,94790,94791],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[44,94793,94795],{"className":46,"code":94794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,94796,94797,94813,94823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94798,94799,94801,94803,94806,94808,94811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94800,276],{"class":59},[53,94802,64],{"class":63},[53,94804,94805],{"class":114}," round",[53,94807,102],{"class":67},[53,94809,94810],{"class":71},"10.2",[53,94812,108],{"class":67},[53,94814,94815,94817,94819,94821],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94816,115],{"class":114},[53,94818,102],{"class":67},[53,94820,323],{"class":98},[53,94822,108],{"class":67},[53,94824,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94826,115],{"class":114},[53,94828,102],{"class":67},[53,94830,3102],{"class":2782},[53,94832,102],{"class":67},[53,94834,323],{"class":98},[53,94836,1907],{"class":67},[14,94838,328],{},[44,94840,94842],{"className":46,"code":94841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,94843,94844,94848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94845,94846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94847,2255],{"class":71},[53,94849,94850,94852,94854,94856,94858,94860],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94851,3171],{"class":63},[53,94853,3174],{"class":1945},[53,94855,350],{"class":252},[53,94857,2071],{"class":256},[53,94859,341],{"class":252},[53,94861,3183],{"class":63},[14,94863,94864,94865,95],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[183,94866,3457,94867,3390],{"href":2754},[18,94868,2757],{},[39,94870,833,94872,94874],{"id":94871},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,94873,94487],{}," with decimal places",[14,94876,94877],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[44,94879,94881],{"className":46,"code":94880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,94882,94883,94901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94884,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94886,115],{"class":114},[53,94888,102],{"class":67},[53,94890,94528],{"class":114},[53,94892,102],{"class":67},[53,94894,94533],{"class":71},[53,94896,75],{"class":67},[53,94898,78],{"class":71},[53,94900,1907],{"class":67},[53,94902,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94904,115],{"class":114},[53,94906,102],{"class":67},[53,94908,94528],{"class":114},[53,94910,102],{"class":67},[53,94912,94533],{"class":71},[53,94914,75],{"class":67},[53,94916,83],{"class":71},[53,94918,1907],{"class":67},[14,94920,328],{},[44,94922,94924],{"className":46,"code":94923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,94925,94926,94930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94927,94928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94929,40040],{"class":71},[53,94931,94932],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94933,94934],{"class":71},"3.142\n",[14,94936,94937],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[44,94939,94941],{"className":46,"code":94940,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,94942,94943,94952,94971,94975,94985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94944,94945,94947,94949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94946,40250],{"class":59},[53,94948,64],{"class":63},[53,94950,94951],{"class":71}," 19.9876\n",[53,94953,94954,94957,94959,94961,94963,94965,94967,94969],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,94955,94956],{"class":59},"rounded_price ",[53,94958,64],{"class":63},[53,94960,94805],{"class":114},[53,94962,102],{"class":67},[53,94964,25015],{"class":98},[53,94966,75],{"class":67},[53,94968,78],{"class":71},[53,94970,108],{"class":67},[53,94972,94973],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,94974,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,94976,94977,94979,94981,94983],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,94978,115],{"class":114},[53,94980,102],{"class":67},[53,94982,25015],{"class":98},[53,94984,108],{"class":67},[53,94986,94987,94989,94991,94994],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,94988,115],{"class":114},[53,94990,102],{"class":67},[53,94992,94993],{"class":98},"rounded_price",[53,94995,108],{"class":67},[14,94997,328],{},[44,94999,95001],{"className":46,"code":95000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95002,95003,95008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95004,95005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95006,95007],{"class":71},"19.9876\n",[53,95009,95010],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95011,95012],{"class":71},"19.99\n",[14,95014,95015,95016,95019,95020,2758,95022,95],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95017,95018],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[183,95021,40754],{"href":40753},[183,95023,3457,95024,3390],{"href":2761},[18,95025,2764],{},[39,95027,95029,95030],{"id":95028},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95031,94637],{},[14,95033,95034,95035,95037],{},"A negative ",[18,95036,94637],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[44,95039,95041],{"className":46,"code":95040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95042,95043,95063,95083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95044,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95046,115],{"class":114},[53,95048,102],{"class":67},[53,95050,94528],{"class":114},[53,95052,102],{"class":67},[53,95054,94696],{"class":71},[53,95056,75],{"class":67},[53,95058,2103],{"class":63},[53,95060,72],{"class":71},[53,95062,1907],{"class":67},[53,95064,95065,95067,95069,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95066,115],{"class":114},[53,95068,102],{"class":67},[53,95070,94528],{"class":114},[53,95072,102],{"class":67},[53,95074,94696],{"class":71},[53,95076,75],{"class":67},[53,95078,2103],{"class":63},[53,95080,1937],{"class":71},[53,95082,1907],{"class":67},[53,95084,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95086,115],{"class":114},[53,95088,102],{"class":67},[53,95090,94528],{"class":114},[53,95092,102],{"class":67},[53,95094,94696],{"class":71},[53,95096,75],{"class":67},[53,95098,2103],{"class":63},[53,95100,754],{"class":71},[53,95102,1907],{"class":67},[14,95104,328],{},[44,95106,95108],{"className":46,"code":95107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95109,95110,95115,95119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95111,95112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95113,95114],{"class":71},"1230\n",[53,95116,95117],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95118,94725],{"class":71},[53,95120,95121],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95122,95123],{"class":71},"1000\n",[14,95125,65311],{},[140,95127,95128,95133,95139],{},[143,95129,95130,95132],{},[18,95131,65581],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[143,95134,95135,95138],{},[18,95136,95137],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[143,95140,95141,95143],{},[18,95142,47533],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95145,95146],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[39,95148,95150],{"id":95149},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95152,95153,95154,95],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95155,95156],{},".5",[14,95158,5345],{},[44,95160,95162],{"className":46,"code":95161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95163,95164,95178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95165,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95167,115],{"class":114},[53,95169,102],{"class":67},[53,95171,94528],{"class":114},[53,95173,102],{"class":67},[53,95175,41021],{"class":71},[53,95177,1907],{"class":67},[53,95179,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95181,115],{"class":114},[53,95183,102],{"class":67},[53,95185,94528],{"class":114},[53,95187,102],{"class":67},[53,95189,1920],{"class":71},[53,95191,1907],{"class":67},[14,95193,328],{},[44,95195,95197],{"className":46,"code":95196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n4\n",[18,95198,95199,95203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95200,95201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95202,16921],{"class":71},[53,95204,95205],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95206,48513],{"class":71},[14,95208,95209,95210,95213,95214,95216],{},"Python uses ",[23,95211,95212],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95215,95156],{}," situations.",[14,95218,95219],{},"More examples:",[44,95221,95223],{"className":46,"code":95222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95224,95225,95239,95253,95267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95226,95227,95229,95231,95233,95235,95237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95228,115],{"class":114},[53,95230,102],{"class":67},[53,95232,94528],{"class":114},[53,95234,102],{"class":67},[53,95236,41034],{"class":71},[53,95238,1907],{"class":67},[53,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95242,115],{"class":114},[53,95244,102],{"class":67},[53,95246,94528],{"class":114},[53,95248,102],{"class":67},[53,95250,41021],{"class":71},[53,95252,1907],{"class":67},[53,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95256,115],{"class":114},[53,95258,102],{"class":67},[53,95260,94528],{"class":114},[53,95262,102],{"class":67},[53,95264,1920],{"class":71},[53,95266,1907],{"class":67},[53,95268,95269,95271,95273,95275,95277,95279],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95270,115],{"class":114},[53,95272,102],{"class":67},[53,95274,94528],{"class":114},[53,95276,102],{"class":67},[53,95278,40986],{"class":71},[53,95280,1907],{"class":67},[14,95282,328],{},[44,95284,95286],{"className":46,"code":95285,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95287,95288,95292,95296,95300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95289,95290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95291,16921],{"class":71},[53,95293,95294],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95295,16921],{"class":71},[53,95297,95298],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95299,48513],{"class":71},[53,95301,95302],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95303,48513],{"class":71},[14,95305,95306],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95308,10580],{},[140,95310,95311,95318],{},[143,95312,95313,2014,95316],{},[18,95314,95315],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95317,1937],{},[143,95319,95320,2014,95323],{},[18,95321,95322],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95324,105],{},[14,95326,1374,95327,95329],{},[18,95328,95156],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[39,95331,95333],{"id":95332},"return-values","Return values",[14,95335,95336,95338],{},[18,95337,94487],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95340,40768,95341,95343],{},[23,95342,36],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[44,95345,95347],{"className":46,"code":95346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95348,95349,95358,95362,95372,95390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95350,95351,95353,95355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95352,2325],{"class":59},[53,95354,64],{"class":63},[53,95356,95357],{"class":71}," 3.14159\n",[53,95359,95360],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95361,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,95363,95364,95366,95368,95370],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95365,115],{"class":114},[53,95367,102],{"class":67},[53,95369,2350],{"class":98},[53,95371,108],{"class":67},[53,95373,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386,95388],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95375,115],{"class":114},[53,95377,102],{"class":67},[53,95379,94528],{"class":114},[53,95381,102],{"class":67},[53,95383,2350],{"class":98},[53,95385,75],{"class":67},[53,95387,78],{"class":71},[53,95389,1907],{"class":67},[53,95391,95392,95394,95396,95398],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,95393,115],{"class":114},[53,95395,102],{"class":67},[53,95397,2350],{"class":98},[53,95399,108],{"class":67},[14,95401,328],{},[44,95403,95405],{"className":46,"code":95404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95406,95407,95412,95416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95408,95409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95410,95411],{"class":71},"3.14159\n",[53,95413,95414],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95415,40040],{"class":71},[53,95417,95418],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95419,95411],{"class":71},[14,95421,95422],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[44,95424,95426],{"className":46,"code":95425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95427,95428,95436,95454,95458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95429,95430,95432,95434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95431,2325],{"class":59},[53,95433,64],{"class":63},[53,95435,95357],{"class":71},[53,95437,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95439,2325],{"class":59},[53,95441,64],{"class":63},[53,95443,94805],{"class":114},[53,95445,102],{"class":67},[53,95447,2350],{"class":98},[53,95449,75],{"class":67},[53,95451,78],{"class":71},[53,95453,108],{"class":67},[53,95455,95456],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95457,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,95459,95460,95462,95464,95466],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95461,115],{"class":114},[53,95463,102],{"class":67},[53,95465,2350],{"class":98},[53,95467,108],{"class":67},[14,95469,328],{},[44,95471,95472],{"className":46,"code":40040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,95473,95474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95475,95476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95477,40040],{"class":71},[39,95479,4835,95481],{"id":95480},"when-to-use-round",[18,95482,94487],{},[14,95484,131,95485,6190],{},[18,95486,94487],{},[140,95488,95489,95492,95495,95498],{},[143,95490,95491],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[143,95493,95494],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[143,95496,95497],{},"Round values before reporting results",[143,95499,95500],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95502,5345],{},[44,95504,95506],{"className":46,"code":95505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95507,95508,95517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95509,95510,95512,95514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95511,2474],{"class":59},[53,95513,64],{"class":63},[53,95515,95516],{"class":71}," 12.67891\n",[53,95518,95519,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95520,115],{"class":114},[53,95522,102],{"class":67},[53,95524,94528],{"class":114},[53,95526,102],{"class":67},[53,95528,2497],{"class":98},[53,95530,75],{"class":67},[53,95532,78],{"class":71},[53,95534,1907],{"class":67},[14,95536,328],{},[44,95538,95540],{"className":46,"code":95539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"12.68\n",[18,95541,95542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95543,95544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95545,95539],{"class":71},[39,95547,2709],{"id":2708},[14,95549,22960,95550,95],{},[18,95551,94487],{},[830,95553,8319,95555,95557,95558,95560],{"id":95554},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95556,94487],{}," to always round ",[18,95559,95156],{}," upward",[14,95562,95563],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[44,95565,95566],{"className":46,"code":95161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,95567,95568,95582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95569,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578,95580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95571,115],{"class":114},[53,95573,102],{"class":67},[53,95575,94528],{"class":114},[53,95577,102],{"class":67},[53,95579,41021],{"class":71},[53,95581,1907],{"class":67},[53,95583,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95585,115],{"class":114},[53,95587,102],{"class":67},[53,95589,94528],{"class":114},[53,95591,102],{"class":67},[53,95593,1920],{"class":71},[53,95595,1907],{"class":67},[14,95597,328],{},[44,95599,95600],{"className":46,"code":95196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,95601,95602,95606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95603,95604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95605,16921],{"class":71},[53,95607,95608],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95609,48513],{"class":71},[14,95611,95612],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[830,95614,95616],{"id":95615},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95618,95619,95621],{},[18,95620,94487],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[44,95623,95625],{"className":46,"code":95624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95626,95627,95635,95649,95653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95628,95629,95631,95633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95630,2325],{"class":59},[53,95632,64],{"class":63},[53,95634,95357],{"class":71},[53,95636,95637,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95638,94528],{"class":114},[53,95640,102],{"class":67},[53,95642,2350],{"class":98},[53,95644,75],{"class":67},[53,95646,78],{"class":71},[53,95648,108],{"class":67},[53,95650,95651],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95652,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,95654,95655,95657,95659,95661],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95656,115],{"class":114},[53,95658,102],{"class":67},[53,95660,2350],{"class":98},[53,95662,108],{"class":67},[14,95664,328],{},[44,95666,95667],{"className":46,"code":95411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,95668,95669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95670,95671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95672,95411],{"class":71},[14,95674,95675],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[44,95677,95679],{"className":46,"code":95678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95680,95681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95682,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695,95697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95684,2325],{"class":59},[53,95686,64],{"class":63},[53,95688,94805],{"class":114},[53,95690,102],{"class":67},[53,95692,2350],{"class":98},[53,95694,75],{"class":67},[53,95696,78],{"class":71},[53,95698,108],{"class":67},[830,95700,95702],{"id":95701},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95704,16265],{},[44,95706,95708],{"className":46,"code":95707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95709,95710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95711,95712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95713,95707],{"class":127},[14,95715,95716],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[44,95718,95720],{"className":46,"code":95719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95721,95722,95734,95748,95752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95725,34551],{"class":59},[53,95727,64],{"class":63},[53,95729,264],{"class":252},[53,95731,40006],{"class":256},[53,95733,3239],{"class":252},[53,95735,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95737,1594],{"class":59},[53,95739,64],{"class":63},[53,95741,40118],{"class":2782},[53,95743,102],{"class":67},[53,95745,34572],{"class":98},[53,95747,108],{"class":67},[53,95749,95750],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95751,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,95753,95754,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766,95768],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,95755,115],{"class":114},[53,95757,102],{"class":67},[53,95759,94528],{"class":114},[53,95761,102],{"class":67},[53,95763,2120],{"class":98},[53,95765,75],{"class":67},[53,95767,5371],{"class":71},[53,95769,1907],{"class":67},[14,95771,328],{},[44,95773,95775],{"className":46,"code":95774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.1\n",[18,95776,95777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95778,95779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95780,95774],{"class":71},[830,95782,95784],{"id":95783},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95786,95787,95789],{},[18,95788,94487],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95791,95792,95793,2758,95797,95],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[183,95794,95795],{"href":2761},[18,95796,2764],{},[183,95798,95799],{"href":2754},[18,95800,2757],{},[39,95802,1650],{"id":1649},[830,95804,12570,95806,95808,95809,95811],{"id":95805},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,95807,94487],{}," always round ",[18,95810,40077],{}," up?",[14,95813,95814],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[830,95816,12570,95818,95820],{"id":95817},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,95819,94487],{}," change the original number?",[14,95822,95823],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[830,95825,5045,95827,95829],{"id":95826},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,95828,94487],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95831,95832,95833,95835,95836,2758,95838,95],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,95834,94637],{}," value like ",[18,95837,65581],{},[18,95839,95137],{},[830,95841,28194,95843,95845,95846,2370],{"id":95842},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,95844,94487],{}," on a string like ",[18,95847,47957],{},[14,95849,95850,95851,2758,95853,95],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,95852,2764],{},[18,95854,2757],{},[39,95856,1782],{"id":1781},[140,95858,95859,95865,95871,95875],{},[143,95860,95861],{},[183,95862,3457,95863,3390],{"href":2761},[18,95864,2764],{},[143,95866,95867],{},[183,95868,3457,95869,3390],{"href":2754},[18,95870,2757],{},[143,95872,95873],{},[183,95874,2298],{"href":2297},[143,95876,95877],{},[183,95878,42043],{"href":40753},[1810,95880,95881],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":95883},[95884,95885,95887,95888,95890,95892,95894,95895,95896,95898,95905,95915],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":94579,"depth":89,"text":95886},"What round() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":94733,"depth":89,"text":95889},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94871,"depth":89,"text":95891},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95028,"depth":89,"text":95893},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95149,"depth":89,"text":95150},{"id":95332,"depth":89,"text":95333},{"id":95480,"depth":89,"text":95897},"When to use round()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":95899},[95900,95902,95903,95904],{"id":95554,"depth":111,"text":95901},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95615,"depth":111,"text":95616},{"id":95701,"depth":111,"text":95702},{"id":95783,"depth":111,"text":95784},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":95906},[95907,95909,95911,95913],{"id":95805,"depth":111,"text":95908},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95817,"depth":111,"text":95910},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95826,"depth":111,"text":95912},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95842,"depth":111,"text":95914},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94479,"description":95916},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95923,"title":95924,"body":95925,"description":97110,"extension":1841,"meta":97111,"navigation":301,"path":97112,"seo":97113,"stem":97114,"__hash__":97115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95926,"toc":97084},[95927,95934,95940,95943,95945,95994,95998,96023,96028,96033,96038,96052,96063,96065,96084,96086,96102,96105,96116,96118,96120,96181,96185,96218,96225,96232,96235,96268,96271,96275,96278,96331,96335,96356,96362,96369,96376,96437,96445,96522,96526,96538,96547,96549,96555,96561,96565,96618,96621,96679,96683,96691,96694,96698,96701,96711,96713,96810,96813,96824,96827,96870,96874,96898,96901,96907,96909,96913,96938,96940,97007,97016,97018,97024,97029,97033,97036,97040,97047,97051,97056,97058,97075,97081],[10,95928,95930,95931,11190],{"id":95929},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,95932,95933],{},"add()",[14,95935,95936,95939],{},[18,95937,95938],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95941,95942],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95944,1882],{"id":1881},[44,95946,95948],{"className":46,"code":95947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,95949,95950,95970,95984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95951,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95953,60],{"class":59},[53,95955,64],{"class":63},[53,95957,679],{"class":67},[53,95959,72],{"class":71},[53,95961,75],{"class":67},[53,95963,78],{"class":71},[53,95965,75],{"class":67},[53,95967,83],{"class":71},[53,95969,9176],{"class":67},[53,95971,95972,95974,95976,95978,95980,95982],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,95973,92],{"class":59},[53,95975,95],{"class":67},[53,95977,81833],{"class":98},[53,95979,102],{"class":67},[53,95981,105],{"class":71},[53,95983,108],{"class":67},[53,95985,95986,95988,95990,95992],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,95987,115],{"class":114},[53,95989,102],{"class":67},[53,95991,92],{"class":98},[53,95993,108],{"class":67},[14,95995,95996],{},[23,95997,328],{},[44,95999,96001],{"className":46,"code":96000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96002,96003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96004,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96006,9145],{"class":67},[53,96008,72],{"class":71},[53,96010,75],{"class":67},[53,96012,78],{"class":71},[53,96014,75],{"class":67},[53,96016,83],{"class":71},[53,96018,75],{"class":67},[53,96020,759],{"class":71},[53,96022,9176],{"class":67},[14,96024,131,96025,96027],{},[18,96026,95933],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,96029,3556,96031,3559],{"id":96030},"what-setadd-does",[18,96032,95938],{},[14,96034,96035,96037],{},[18,96036,95938],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[140,96039,96040,96043,96046,96049],{},[143,96041,96042],{},"Adds one item to a set",[143,96044,96045],{},"Changes the original set in place",[143,96047,96048],{},"Does not return a new set",[143,96050,96051],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96053,96054,96055,2758,96059,95],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[183,96056,96058],{"href":96057},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[183,96060,96062],{"href":96061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[39,96064,2039],{"id":2038},[44,96066,96068],{"className":46,"code":96067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96069,96070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96071,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96073,15530],{"class":59},[53,96075,95],{"class":67},[53,96077,81833],{"class":98},[53,96079,102],{"class":67},[53,96081,212],{"class":98},[53,96083,108],{"class":67},[14,96085,11327],{},[140,96087,96088,96093,96096],{},[143,96089,55633,96090,96092],{},[18,96091,95933],{}," on an existing set",[143,96094,96095],{},"Pass exactly one item",[143,96097,96098,96099],{},"The item must be ",[23,96100,96101],{},"hashable",[14,96103,96104],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[140,96106,96107,96109,96111,96114],{},[143,96108,56186],{},[143,96110,56189],{},[143,96112,96113],{},"Tuples",[143,96115,40457],{},[39,96117,385],{"id":384},[14,96119,11345],{},[44,96121,96123],{"className":46,"code":96122,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96124,96125,96149,96167,96171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96126,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96128,398],{"class":59},[53,96130,64],{"class":63},[53,96132,679],{"class":67},[53,96134,253],{"class":252},[53,96136,407],{"class":256},[53,96138,253],{"class":252},[53,96140,75],{"class":67},[53,96142,264],{"class":252},[53,96144,416],{"class":256},[53,96146,253],{"class":252},[53,96148,9176],{"class":67},[53,96150,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96152,425],{"class":59},[53,96154,95],{"class":67},[53,96156,81833],{"class":98},[53,96158,102],{"class":67},[53,96160,253],{"class":252},[53,96162,436],{"class":256},[53,96164,253],{"class":252},[53,96166,108],{"class":67},[53,96168,96169],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96170,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96172,96173,96175,96177,96179],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96174,115],{"class":114},[53,96176,102],{"class":67},[53,96178,425],{"class":98},[53,96180,108],{"class":67},[14,96182,96183],{},[23,96184,29896],{},[44,96186,96188],{"className":46,"code":96187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96189,96190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96193,9145],{"class":67},[53,96195,341],{"class":252},[53,96197,407],{"class":256},[53,96199,341],{"class":252},[53,96201,75],{"class":67},[53,96203,350],{"class":252},[53,96205,436],{"class":256},[53,96207,341],{"class":252},[53,96209,75],{"class":67},[53,96211,350],{"class":252},[53,96213,416],{"class":256},[53,96215,341],{"class":252},[53,96217,9176],{"class":67},[14,96219,96220,96221,96224],{},"The new value ",[18,96222,96223],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96226,96227,96228,96231],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[23,96229,96230],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96233,96234],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[44,96236,96238],{"className":46,"code":96237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96239,96240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96241,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96243,9145],{"class":67},[53,96245,341],{"class":252},[53,96247,416],{"class":256},[53,96249,341],{"class":252},[53,96251,75],{"class":67},[53,96253,350],{"class":252},[53,96255,407],{"class":256},[53,96257,341],{"class":252},[53,96259,75],{"class":67},[53,96261,350],{"class":252},[53,96263,436],{"class":256},[53,96265,341],{"class":252},[53,96267,9176],{"class":67},[14,96269,96270],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[39,96272,96274],{"id":96273},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96276,96277],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[44,96279,96281],{"className":46,"code":96280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96282,96283,96303,96317,96321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96284,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96286,60],{"class":59},[53,96288,64],{"class":63},[53,96290,679],{"class":67},[53,96292,72],{"class":71},[53,96294,75],{"class":67},[53,96296,78],{"class":71},[53,96298,75],{"class":67},[53,96300,83],{"class":71},[53,96302,9176],{"class":67},[53,96304,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96306,92],{"class":59},[53,96308,95],{"class":67},[53,96310,81833],{"class":98},[53,96312,102],{"class":67},[53,96314,1937],{"class":71},[53,96316,108],{"class":67},[53,96318,96319],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96320,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96322,96323,96325,96327,96329],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96324,115],{"class":114},[53,96326,102],{"class":67},[53,96328,92],{"class":98},[53,96330,108],{"class":67},[14,96332,96333],{},[23,96334,328],{},[44,96336,96338],{"className":46,"code":96337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96339,96340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96341,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96343,9145],{"class":67},[53,96345,72],{"class":71},[53,96347,75],{"class":67},[53,96349,78],{"class":71},[53,96351,75],{"class":67},[53,96353,83],{"class":71},[53,96355,9176],{"class":67},[14,96357,96358,96359,96361],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96360,1937],{}," was already present.",[39,96363,96365,10452,96367],{"id":96364},"add-vs-update",[18,96366,95933],{},[18,96368,14817],{},[14,96370,131,96371,96373,96374,95],{},[18,96372,95933],{}," when you want to add ",[23,96375,25],{},[44,96377,96379],{"className":46,"code":96378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96380,96381,96405,96423,96427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96382,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96384,1411],{"class":59},[53,96386,64],{"class":63},[53,96388,679],{"class":67},[53,96390,253],{"class":252},[53,96392,183],{"class":256},[53,96394,253],{"class":252},[53,96396,75],{"class":67},[53,96398,264],{"class":252},[53,96400,1453],{"class":256},[53,96402,253],{"class":252},[53,96404,9176],{"class":67},[53,96406,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96408,1437],{"class":59},[53,96410,95],{"class":67},[53,96412,81833],{"class":98},[53,96414,102],{"class":67},[53,96416,253],{"class":252},[53,96418,1428],{"class":256},[53,96420,253],{"class":252},[53,96422,108],{"class":67},[53,96424,96425],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96426,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96428,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96430,115],{"class":114},[53,96432,102],{"class":67},[53,96434,1437],{"class":98},[53,96436,108],{"class":67},[14,96438,131,96439,96373,96441,96444],{},[18,96440,14817],{},[23,96442,96443],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[44,96446,96448],{"className":46,"code":96447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96449,96450,96474,96508,96512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96451,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96453,1411],{"class":59},[53,96455,64],{"class":63},[53,96457,679],{"class":67},[53,96459,253],{"class":252},[53,96461,183],{"class":256},[53,96463,253],{"class":252},[53,96465,75],{"class":67},[53,96467,264],{"class":252},[53,96469,1453],{"class":256},[53,96471,253],{"class":252},[53,96473,9176],{"class":67},[53,96475,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96477,1437],{"class":59},[53,96479,95],{"class":67},[53,96481,30331],{"class":98},[53,96483,619],{"class":67},[53,96485,253],{"class":252},[53,96487,1428],{"class":256},[53,96489,253],{"class":252},[53,96491,75],{"class":67},[53,96493,264],{"class":252},[53,96495,18632],{"class":256},[53,96497,253],{"class":252},[53,96499,75],{"class":67},[53,96501,264],{"class":252},[53,96503,60173],{"class":256},[53,96505,253],{"class":252},[53,96507,632],{"class":67},[53,96509,96510],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96511,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96513,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96515,115],{"class":114},[53,96517,102],{"class":67},[53,96519,1437],{"class":98},[53,96521,108],{"class":67},[830,96523,96525],{"id":96524},"key-difference","Key difference",[140,96527,96528,96533],{},[143,96529,96530,96532],{},[18,96531,95933],{}," adds one item",[143,96534,96535,96537],{},[18,96536,14817],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96539,96540,96541,95],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[183,96542,96544,96545,10608],{"href":96543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96546,14817],{},[39,96548,17284],{"id":17283},[14,96550,96551,1129,96553,95],{},[18,96552,95938],{},[18,96554,232],{},[14,96556,96557,96558,96560],{},"That means you should ",[23,96559,36],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[830,96562,96564],{"id":96563},"correct","Correct",[44,96566,96568],{"className":46,"code":96567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96569,96570,96590,96604,96608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96571,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96573,15492],{"class":59},[53,96575,64],{"class":63},[53,96577,679],{"class":67},[53,96579,72],{"class":71},[53,96581,75],{"class":67},[53,96583,78],{"class":71},[53,96585,75],{"class":67},[53,96587,83],{"class":71},[53,96589,9176],{"class":67},[53,96591,96592,96594,96596,96598,96600,96602],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96593,15530],{"class":59},[53,96595,95],{"class":67},[53,96597,81833],{"class":98},[53,96599,102],{"class":67},[53,96601,105],{"class":71},[53,96603,108],{"class":67},[53,96605,96606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96607,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96611,115],{"class":114},[53,96613,102],{"class":67},[53,96615,15530],{"class":98},[53,96617,108],{"class":67},[830,96619,96620],{"id":61495},"Wrong",[44,96622,96624],{"className":46,"code":96623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96625,96626,96646,96665,96669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96629,15492],{"class":59},[53,96631,64],{"class":63},[53,96633,679],{"class":67},[53,96635,72],{"class":71},[53,96637,75],{"class":67},[53,96639,78],{"class":71},[53,96641,75],{"class":67},[53,96643,83],{"class":71},[53,96645,9176],{"class":67},[53,96647,96648,96650,96652,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96649,15492],{"class":59},[53,96651,64],{"class":63},[53,96653,96654],{"class":59}," my_set",[53,96656,95],{"class":67},[53,96658,81833],{"class":98},[53,96660,102],{"class":67},[53,96662,105],{"class":71},[53,96664,108],{"class":67},[53,96666,96667],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96668,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96670,96671,96673,96675,96677],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96672,115],{"class":114},[53,96674,102],{"class":67},[53,96676,15530],{"class":98},[53,96678,108],{"class":67},[14,96680,96681],{},[23,96682,328],{},[44,96684,96685],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,96686,96687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96688,96689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96690,370],{"class":369},[14,96692,96693],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[39,96695,96697],{"id":96696},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96699,96700],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[140,96702,96703,96705,96707,96709],{},[143,96704,56186],{},[143,96706,56189],{},[143,96708,96113],{},[143,96710,40457],{},[14,96712,235],{},[44,96714,96716],{"className":46,"code":96715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96717,96718,96728,96732,96746,96764,96782,96796,96800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96719,96720,96722,96724,96726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96721,516],{"class":59},[53,96723,64],{"class":63},[53,96725,15497],{"class":2782},[53,96727,8510],{"class":67},[53,96729,96730],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96731,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96733,96734,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96735,530],{"class":59},[53,96737,95],{"class":67},[53,96739,81833],{"class":98},[53,96741,102],{"class":67},[53,96743,539],{"class":71},[53,96745,108],{"class":67},[53,96747,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96749,530],{"class":59},[53,96751,95],{"class":67},[53,96753,81833],{"class":98},[53,96755,102],{"class":67},[53,96757,253],{"class":252},[53,96759,556],{"class":256},[53,96761,253],{"class":252},[53,96763,108],{"class":67},[53,96765,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,96767,530],{"class":59},[53,96769,95],{"class":67},[53,96771,81833],{"class":98},[53,96773,5384],{"class":67},[53,96775,72],{"class":71},[53,96777,75],{"class":67},[53,96779,78],{"class":71},[53,96781,1907],{"class":67},[53,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,96785,530],{"class":59},[53,96787,95],{"class":67},[53,96789,81833],{"class":98},[53,96791,102],{"class":67},[53,96793,573],{"class":369},[53,96795,108],{"class":67},[53,96797,96798],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,96799,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,96801,96802,96804,96806,96808],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,96803,115],{"class":114},[53,96805,102],{"class":67},[53,96807,530],{"class":98},[53,96809,108],{"class":67},[14,96811,96812],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[140,96814,96815,96818,96821],{},[143,96816,96817],{},"Lists",[143,96819,96820],{},"Dictionaries",[143,96822,96823],{},"Sets",[14,96825,96826],{},"Example that causes an error:",[44,96828,96830],{"className":46,"code":96829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,96831,96832,96852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96833,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96835,516],{"class":59},[53,96837,64],{"class":63},[53,96839,679],{"class":67},[53,96841,72],{"class":71},[53,96843,75],{"class":67},[53,96845,78],{"class":71},[53,96847,75],{"class":67},[53,96849,83],{"class":71},[53,96851,9176],{"class":67},[53,96853,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96855,530],{"class":59},[53,96857,95],{"class":67},[53,96859,81833],{"class":98},[53,96861,619],{"class":67},[53,96863,105],{"class":71},[53,96865,75],{"class":67},[53,96867,1577],{"class":71},[53,96869,632],{"class":67},[14,96871,96872],{},[23,96873,29547],{},[44,96875,96877],{"className":46,"code":96876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,96878,96879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96880,96881,96883,96885,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96882,2885],{"class":2782},[53,96884,597],{"class":67},[53,96886,96887],{"class":59}," unhashable ",[53,96889,3102],{"class":2782},[53,96891,597],{"class":67},[53,96893,350],{"class":252},[53,96895,7961],{"class":256},[53,96897,29566],{"class":252},[14,96899,96900],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96902,96903,96904,95],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,96905,96906],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[39,96908,2709],{"id":2708},[14,96910,14596,96911,597],{},[18,96912,95938],{},[140,96914,96915,96920,96925,96928,96935],{},[143,96916,833,96917,96919],{},[18,96918,95933],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[143,96921,8319,96922,96924],{},[18,96923,95933],{}," to return the updated set",[143,96926,96927],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[143,96929,37066,96930,96932,96933],{},[18,96931,95938],{}," with list ",[18,96934,20],{},[143,96936,96937],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96939,71233],{},[44,96941,96943],{"className":46,"code":96942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,96944,96945,96955,96969,96979,96993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96946,96947,96949,96951,96953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96948,115],{"class":114},[53,96950,102],{"class":67},[53,96952,15530],{"class":98},[53,96954,108],{"class":67},[53,96956,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,96958,115],{"class":114},[53,96960,102],{"class":67},[53,96962,3102],{"class":2782},[53,96964,102],{"class":67},[53,96966,15530],{"class":98},[53,96968,1907],{"class":67},[53,96970,96971,96973,96975,96977],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,96972,115],{"class":114},[53,96974,102],{"class":67},[53,96976,2350],{"class":98},[53,96978,108],{"class":67},[53,96980,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,96982,115],{"class":114},[53,96984,102],{"class":67},[53,96986,3102],{"class":2782},[53,96988,102],{"class":67},[53,96990,2350],{"class":98},[53,96992,1907],{"class":67},[53,96994,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,96996,32016],{"class":114},[53,96998,102],{"class":67},[53,97000,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97002,95],{"class":67},[53,97004,81833],{"class":24615},[53,97006,108],{"class":67},[14,97008,97009,97010,97012,97013,95],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97011,95938],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[183,97014,499],{"href":97015},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[39,97017,1650],{"id":1649},[830,97019,12570,97021,97023],{"id":97020},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97022,95938],{}," return a new set?",[14,97025,97026,97027,95],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97028,232],{},[830,97030,97032],{"id":97031},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97034,97035],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[830,97037,97039],{"id":97038},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97041,131,97042,10959,97045,95],{},[18,97043,97044],{},"set.update()",[18,97046,95933],{},[830,97048,97050],{"id":97049},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97052,97053,97054,95],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97055,2885],{},[39,97057,1782],{"id":1781},[140,97059,97060,97064,97069],{},[143,97061,97062],{},[183,97063,96058],{"href":96057},[143,97065,97066],{},[183,97067,97068],{"href":96061},"How to create a set in Python",[143,97070,97071],{},[183,97072,96544,97073,10608],{"href":96543},[18,97074,14817],{},[14,97076,97077,97078,97080],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97079,95933],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1810,97082,97083],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":97085},[97086,97087,97089,97090,97091,97092,97096,97100,97101,97102,97109],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":96030,"depth":89,"text":97088},"What set.add() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":96273,"depth":89,"text":96274},{"id":96364,"depth":89,"text":97093,"children":97094},"add() vs update()",[97095],{"id":96524,"depth":111,"text":96525},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284,"children":97097},[97098,97099],{"id":96563,"depth":111,"text":96564},{"id":61495,"depth":111,"text":96620},{"id":96696,"depth":89,"text":96697},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":97103},[97104,97106,97107,97108],{"id":97020,"depth":111,"text":97105},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97031,"depth":111,"text":97032},{"id":97038,"depth":111,"text":97039},{"id":97049,"depth":111,"text":97050},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95924,"description":97110},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97117,"title":97118,"body":97119,"description":98288,"extension":1841,"meta":98289,"navigation":301,"path":98290,"seo":98291,"stem":98292,"__hash__":98293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97120,"toc":98255},[97121,97126,97132,97139,97184,97186,97197,97202,97207,97211,97225,97230,97232,97234,97249,97251,97265,97267,97269,97334,97336,97346,97348,97366,97372,97379,97384,97458,97460,97477,97483,97488,97559,97561,97588,97605,97608,97614,97616,97623,97627,97694,97696,97711,97714,97767,97769,97777,97789,97791,97795,97800,97802,97851,97853,97861,97863,97908,97910,97920,97926,97934,97947,97953,97955,97984,97986,98004,98008,98011,98042,98044,98062,98066,98141,98143,98159,98166,98168,98173,98178,98184,98187,98191,98199,98206,98214,98216,98252],[10,97122,95930,97124,11190],{"id":97123},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97125,11189],{},[14,97127,97128,97131],{},[18,97129,97130],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97133,97134,97135,97138],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[23,97136,97137],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[44,97140,97142],{"className":46,"code":97141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97143,97144,97164,97174],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97145,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97147,60],{"class":59},[53,97149,64],{"class":63},[53,97151,679],{"class":67},[53,97153,72],{"class":71},[53,97155,75],{"class":67},[53,97157,78],{"class":71},[53,97159,75],{"class":67},[53,97161,83],{"class":71},[53,97163,9176],{"class":67},[53,97165,97166,97168,97170,97172],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97167,92],{"class":59},[53,97169,95],{"class":67},[53,97171,11251],{"class":98},[53,97173,8510],{"class":67},[53,97175,97176,97178,97180,97182],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97177,115],{"class":114},[53,97179,102],{"class":67},[53,97181,92],{"class":98},[53,97183,108],{"class":67},[14,97185,328],{},[44,97187,97189],{"className":46,"code":97188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n",[18,97190,97191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97192,97193,97195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97194,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97196,8510],{"class":67},[14,97198,97199,97201],{},[18,97200,11189],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[39,97203,3556,97205,3559],{"id":97204},"what-setclear-does",[18,97206,97130],{},[14,97208,16,97209,11281],{},[18,97210,11189],{},[140,97212,97213,97216,97218,97222],{},[143,97214,97215],{},"Removes every item from a set",[143,97217,96045],{},[143,97219,11292,97220],{},[18,97221,232],{},[143,97223,97224],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97226,96054,97227,71332],{},[183,97228,96058],{"href":97229},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[39,97231,2039],{"id":2038},[14,97233,54171],{},[44,97235,97237],{"className":46,"code":97236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97238,97239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97240,97241,97243,97245,97247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97242,15530],{"class":59},[53,97244,95],{"class":67},[53,97246,11251],{"class":98},[53,97248,8510],{"class":67},[14,97250,12919],{},[140,97252,97253,97256,97259,97262],{},[143,97254,97255],{},"It takes no arguments",[143,97257,97258],{},"It empties the set",[143,97260,97261],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[143,97263,97264],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[39,97266,385],{"id":384},[14,97268,11345],{},[44,97270,97272],{"className":46,"code":97271,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97273,97274,97306,97310,97320,97324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97275,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97277,398],{"class":59},[53,97279,64],{"class":63},[53,97281,679],{"class":67},[53,97283,253],{"class":252},[53,97285,407],{"class":256},[53,97287,253],{"class":252},[53,97289,75],{"class":67},[53,97291,264],{"class":252},[53,97293,436],{"class":256},[53,97295,253],{"class":252},[53,97297,75],{"class":67},[53,97299,264],{"class":252},[53,97301,416],{"class":256},[53,97303,253],{"class":252},[53,97305,9176],{"class":67},[53,97307,97308],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97309,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97311,97312,97314,97316,97318],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97313,425],{"class":59},[53,97315,95],{"class":67},[53,97317,11251],{"class":98},[53,97319,8510],{"class":67},[53,97321,97322],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,97323,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97325,97326,97328,97330,97332],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,97327,115],{"class":114},[53,97329,102],{"class":67},[53,97331,425],{"class":98},[53,97333,108],{"class":67},[14,97335,328],{},[44,97337,97338],{"className":46,"code":97188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,97339,97340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97341,97342,97344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97343,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97345,8510],{"class":67},[14,97347,11551],{},[140,97349,97350,97355,97360],{},[143,97351,97352,97354],{},[18,97353,425],{}," starts with three values",[143,97356,97357,11564],{},[18,97358,97359],{},"colors.clear()",[143,97361,97362,97363,97365],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97364,3676],{},", which means an empty set",[39,97367,97369,97371],{"id":97368},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97370,11189],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97373,97374,4269,97376,97378],{},[18,97375,11189],{},[18,97377,3676],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[830,97380,833,97382],{"id":97381},"using-clear",[18,97383,11189],{},[44,97385,97387],{"className":46,"code":97386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97388,97389,97409,97419,97423,97433,97437,97447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97390,97391,97393,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97392,516],{"class":59},[53,97394,64],{"class":63},[53,97396,679],{"class":67},[53,97398,72],{"class":71},[53,97400,75],{"class":67},[53,97402,78],{"class":71},[53,97404,75],{"class":67},[53,97406,83],{"class":71},[53,97408,9176],{"class":67},[53,97410,97411,97414,97416],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97412,97413],{"class":59},"other_name ",[53,97415,64],{"class":63},[53,97417,97418],{"class":59}," items\n",[53,97420,97421],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97422,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97424,97425,97427,97429,97431],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,97426,530],{"class":59},[53,97428,95],{"class":67},[53,97430,11251],{"class":98},[53,97432,8510],{"class":67},[53,97434,97435],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,97436,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97438,97439,97441,97443,97445],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,97440,115],{"class":114},[53,97442,102],{"class":67},[53,97444,530],{"class":98},[53,97446,108],{"class":67},[53,97448,97449,97451,97453,97456],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,97450,115],{"class":114},[53,97452,102],{"class":67},[53,97454,97455],{"class":98},"other_name",[53,97457,108],{"class":67},[14,97459,328],{},[44,97461,97463],{"className":46,"code":97462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97464,97465,97471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97466,97467,97469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97468,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97470,8510],{"class":67},[53,97472,97473,97475],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97474,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97476,8510],{"class":67},[14,97478,97479,97480,95],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[23,97481,97482],{},"same set object",[830,97484,833,97486],{"id":97485},"using-set",[18,97487,3676],{},[44,97489,97491],{"className":46,"code":97490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97492,97493,97513,97521,97525,97535,97539,97549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97494,97495,97497,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97496,516],{"class":59},[53,97498,64],{"class":63},[53,97500,679],{"class":67},[53,97502,72],{"class":71},[53,97504,75],{"class":67},[53,97506,78],{"class":71},[53,97508,75],{"class":67},[53,97510,83],{"class":71},[53,97512,9176],{"class":67},[53,97514,97515,97517,97519],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97516,97413],{"class":59},[53,97518,64],{"class":63},[53,97520,97418],{"class":59},[53,97522,97523],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97524,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97526,97527,97529,97531,97533],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,97528,516],{"class":59},[53,97530,64],{"class":63},[53,97532,15497],{"class":2782},[53,97534,8510],{"class":67},[53,97536,97537],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,97538,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97540,97541,97543,97545,97547],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,97542,115],{"class":114},[53,97544,102],{"class":67},[53,97546,530],{"class":98},[53,97548,108],{"class":67},[53,97550,97551,97553,97555,97557],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,97552,115],{"class":114},[53,97554,102],{"class":67},[53,97556,97455],{"class":98},[53,97558,108],{"class":67},[14,97560,328],{},[44,97562,97564],{"className":46,"code":97563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97565,97566,97572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97567,97568,97570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97569,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97571,8510],{"class":67},[53,97573,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97575,9145],{"class":67},[53,97577,72],{"class":71},[53,97579,75],{"class":67},[53,97581,78],{"class":71},[53,97583,75],{"class":67},[53,97585,83],{"class":71},[53,97587,9176],{"class":67},[14,97589,20635,97590,92822,97593,97596,97597,95,97599,97601,97602,97604],{},[18,97591,97592],{},"items = set()",[23,97594,97595],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97598,530],{},[9713,97600],{},"\nBut ",[18,97603,97455],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97606,97607],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97609,97610,97611,95],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[183,97612,96062],{"href":97613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[39,97615,17284],{"id":17283},[14,97617,97618,13916,97620,97622],{},[18,97619,11189],{},[23,97621,36],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97624,5023,97625,95],{},[18,97626,232],{},[44,97628,97630],{"className":46,"code":97629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97631,97632,97652,97656,97670,97674,97684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97633,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97635,60],{"class":59},[53,97637,64],{"class":63},[53,97639,679],{"class":67},[53,97641,72],{"class":71},[53,97643,75],{"class":67},[53,97645,78],{"class":71},[53,97647,75],{"class":67},[53,97649,83],{"class":71},[53,97651,9176],{"class":67},[53,97653,97654],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97655,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97657,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97659,276],{"class":59},[53,97661,64],{"class":63},[53,97663,4138],{"class":59},[53,97665,95],{"class":67},[53,97667,11251],{"class":98},[53,97669,8510],{"class":67},[53,97671,97672],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,97673,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97675,97676,97678,97680,97682],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,97677,115],{"class":114},[53,97679,102],{"class":67},[53,97681,323],{"class":98},[53,97683,108],{"class":67},[53,97685,97686,97688,97690,97692],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,97687,115],{"class":114},[53,97689,102],{"class":67},[53,97691,92],{"class":98},[53,97693,108],{"class":67},[14,97695,328],{},[44,97697,97699],{"className":46,"code":97698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\nset()\n",[18,97700,97701,97705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97702,97703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97704,370],{"class":369},[53,97706,97707,97709],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97708,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97710,8510],{"class":67},[14,97712,97713],{},"Do not do this:",[44,97715,97717],{"className":46,"code":97716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97718,97719,97739,97753,97757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97720,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97722,60],{"class":59},[53,97724,64],{"class":63},[53,97726,679],{"class":67},[53,97728,72],{"class":71},[53,97730,75],{"class":67},[53,97732,78],{"class":71},[53,97734,75],{"class":67},[53,97736,83],{"class":71},[53,97738,9176],{"class":67},[53,97740,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749,97751],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97742,60],{"class":59},[53,97744,64],{"class":63},[53,97746,4138],{"class":59},[53,97748,95],{"class":67},[53,97750,11251],{"class":98},[53,97752,8510],{"class":67},[53,97754,97755],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97756,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,97758,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,97760,115],{"class":114},[53,97762,102],{"class":67},[53,97764,92],{"class":98},[53,97766,108],{"class":67},[14,97768,328],{},[44,97770,97771],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,97772,97773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97774,97775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97776,370],{"class":369},[14,97778,22054,97779,1129,97781,97783,97784,97786,97787,95],{},[18,97780,54284],{},[18,97782,232],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,97785,232],{}," back to ",[18,97788,92],{},[39,97790,1039],{"id":1038},[14,97792,10615,97793,95],{},[18,97794,97130],{},[830,97796,12460,97798],{"id":97797},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,97799,11189],{},[14,97801,16508],{},[44,97803,97805],{"className":46,"code":97804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97806,97807,97827,97841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97808,97809,97811,97813,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97810,15492],{"class":59},[53,97812,64],{"class":63},[53,97814,679],{"class":67},[53,97816,72],{"class":71},[53,97818,75],{"class":67},[53,97820,78],{"class":71},[53,97822,75],{"class":67},[53,97824,83],{"class":71},[53,97826,9176],{"class":67},[53,97828,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97830,15492],{"class":59},[53,97832,64],{"class":63},[53,97834,96654],{"class":59},[53,97836,95],{"class":67},[53,97838,11251],{"class":98},[53,97840,8510],{"class":67},[53,97842,97843,97845,97847,97849],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97844,115],{"class":114},[53,97846,102],{"class":67},[53,97848,15530],{"class":98},[53,97850,108],{"class":67},[14,97852,328],{},[44,97854,97855],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,97856,97857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97858,97859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97860,370],{"class":369},[14,97862,16520],{},[44,97864,97866],{"className":46,"code":97865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97867,97868,97888,97898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97871,15492],{"class":59},[53,97873,64],{"class":63},[53,97875,679],{"class":67},[53,97877,72],{"class":71},[53,97879,75],{"class":67},[53,97881,78],{"class":71},[53,97883,75],{"class":67},[53,97885,83],{"class":71},[53,97887,9176],{"class":67},[53,97889,97890,97892,97894,97896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97891,15530],{"class":59},[53,97893,95],{"class":67},[53,97895,11251],{"class":98},[53,97897,8510],{"class":67},[53,97899,97900,97902,97904,97906],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,97901,115],{"class":114},[53,97903,102],{"class":67},[53,97905,15530],{"class":98},[53,97907,108],{"class":67},[14,97909,328],{},[44,97911,97912],{"className":46,"code":97188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,97913,97914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97915,97916,97918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97917,6159],{"class":2782},[53,97919,8510],{"class":67},[830,97921,8319,97923,97925],{"id":97922},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,97924,11189],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97927,97928,97930,97931,97933],{},[18,97929,11189],{}," removes ",[23,97932,3595],{}," items from the set.",[14,97935,97936,97937,2758,97942,95],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[183,97938,97940],{"href":97939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,97941,55253],{},[183,97943,97945],{"href":97944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,97946,12629],{},[830,97948,833,97950,97952],{"id":97949},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,97951,3671],{}," for an empty set",[14,97954,1046],{},[44,97956,97958],{"className":46,"code":97957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,97959,97960,97969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97961,97962,97965,97967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97963,97964],{"class":59},"empty_value ",[53,97966,64],{"class":63},[53,97968,9705],{"class":67},[53,97970,97971,97973,97975,97977,97979,97982],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,97972,115],{"class":114},[53,97974,102],{"class":67},[53,97976,3102],{"class":2782},[53,97978,102],{"class":67},[53,97980,97981],{"class":98},"empty_value",[53,97983,1907],{"class":67},[14,97985,328],{},[44,97987,97988],{"className":46,"code":8676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,97989,97990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97991,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97993,3171],{"class":63},[53,97995,3174],{"class":1945},[53,97997,350],{"class":252},[53,97999,8689],{"class":256},[53,98001,341],{"class":252},[53,98003,3183],{"class":63},[14,98005,98006,8656],{},[18,98007,3671],{},[14,98009,98010],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[44,98012,98014],{"className":46,"code":98013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98015,98016,98027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98017,98018,98021,98023,98025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98019,98020],{"class":59},"empty_set ",[53,98022,64],{"class":63},[53,98024,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98026,8510],{"class":67},[53,98028,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98040],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98030,115],{"class":114},[53,98032,102],{"class":67},[53,98034,3102],{"class":2782},[53,98036,102],{"class":67},[53,98038,98039],{"class":98},"empty_set",[53,98041,1907],{"class":67},[14,98043,328],{},[44,98045,98046],{"className":46,"code":8720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,98047,98048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98049,98050,98052,98054,98056,98058,98060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98051,3171],{"class":63},[53,98053,3174],{"class":1945},[53,98055,350],{"class":252},[53,98057,6159],{"class":256},[53,98059,341],{"class":252},[53,98061,3183],{"class":63},[830,98063,98065],{"id":98064},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[44,98067,98069],{"className":46,"code":98068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98070,98071,98095,98103,98107,98117,98121,98131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98072,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98074,2432],{"class":59},[53,98076,64],{"class":63},[53,98078,679],{"class":67},[53,98080,253],{"class":252},[53,98082,2056],{"class":256},[53,98084,253],{"class":252},[53,98086,75],{"class":67},[53,98088,264],{"class":252},[53,98090,11613],{"class":256},[53,98092,253],{"class":252},[53,98094,9176],{"class":67},[53,98096,98097,98099,98101],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98098,2460],{"class":59},[53,98100,64],{"class":63},[53,98102,36039],{"class":59},[53,98104,98105],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,98106,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,98108,98109,98111,98113,98115],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,98110,183],{"class":59},[53,98112,95],{"class":67},[53,98114,11251],{"class":98},[53,98116,8510],{"class":67},[53,98118,98119],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,98120,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,98122,98123,98125,98127,98129],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,98124,115],{"class":114},[53,98126,102],{"class":67},[53,98128,183],{"class":98},[53,98130,108],{"class":67},[53,98132,98133,98135,98137,98139],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,98134,115],{"class":114},[53,98136,102],{"class":67},[53,98138,1453],{"class":98},[53,98140,108],{"class":67},[14,98142,328],{},[44,98144,98145],{"className":46,"code":97462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,98146,98147,98153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98148,98149,98151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98150,6159],{"class":2782},[53,98152,8510],{"class":67},[53,98154,98155,98157],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98156,6159],{"class":2782},[53,98158,8510],{"class":67},[14,98160,28927,98161,4269,98163,98165],{},[18,98162,183],{},[18,98164,1453],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[39,98167,1650],{"id":1649},[830,98169,5017,98171,5020],{"id":98170},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98172,97130],{},[14,98174,5023,98175,98177],{},[18,98176,232],{},". It empties the set in place.",[830,98179,12570,98181,98183],{"id":98180},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98182,11189],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98185,98186],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[830,98188,98190],{"id":98189},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98192,98193,98194,98196,98197,95],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98195,11189],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98198,3676],{},[830,98200,5055,98202,4269,98204,2370],{"id":98201},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98203,11189],{},[18,98205,3676],{},[14,98207,98208,98210,98211,98213],{},[18,98209,11189],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98212,3676],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[39,98215,1782],{"id":1781},[140,98217,98218,98222,98226,98233,98239,98245],{},[143,98219,98220],{},[183,98221,96058],{"href":97229},[143,98223,98224],{},[183,98225,97068],{"href":97613},[143,98227,98228],{},[183,98229,96544,98231,10608],{"href":98230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98232,95933],{},[143,98234,98235],{},[183,98236,96544,98237,10608],{"href":97939},[18,98238,55253],{},[143,98240,98241],{},[183,98242,96544,98243,10608],{"href":97944},[18,98244,12629],{},[143,98246,98247],{},[183,98248,96544,98250,10608],{"href":98249},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98251,14817],{},[1810,98253,98254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":98256},[98257,98259,98260,98261,98268,98269,98278,98287],{"id":97204,"depth":89,"text":98258},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":97368,"depth":89,"text":98262,"children":98263},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98264,98266],{"id":97381,"depth":111,"text":98265},"Using clear()",{"id":97485,"depth":111,"text":98267},"Using set()",{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":98270},[98271,98273,98275,98277],{"id":97797,"depth":111,"text":98272},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97922,"depth":111,"text":98274},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97949,"depth":111,"text":98276},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98064,"depth":111,"text":98065},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":98279},[98280,98282,98284,98285],{"id":98170,"depth":111,"text":98281},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98180,"depth":111,"text":98283},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98189,"depth":111,"text":98190},{"id":98201,"depth":111,"text":98286},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97118,"description":98288},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98295,"title":98296,"body":98297,"description":100129,"extension":1841,"meta":100130,"navigation":301,"path":96061,"seo":100131,"stem":100132,"__hash__":100133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98298,"toc":100086},[98299,98302,98305,98308,98310,98413,98417,98464,98470,98472,98491,98495,98498,98500,98514,98523,98527,98530,98565,98569,98589,98592,98596,98599,98660,98664,98689,98696,98702,98707,98709,98721,98725,98774,98778,98802,98809,98813,98854,98858,98879,98883,98916,98920,98961,98964,98968,98973,99012,99016,99041,99046,99052,99089,99093,99116,99120,99122,99125,99128,99205,99209,99246,99249,99253,99259,99262,99272,99321,99327,99333,99360,99363,99385,99387,99418,99421,99425,99429,99468,99472,99535,99538,99571,99575,99600,99602,99605,99611,99614,99641,99644,99662,99666,99670,99673,99716,99719,99723,99726,99729,99759,99762,99766,99769,99784,99789,99793,99796,99885,99887,99890,99980,99983,100001,100003,100007,100017,100021,100029,100033,100036,100040,100043,100047,100050,100052,100080,100083],[10,98300,98296],{"id":98301},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98303,98304],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98306,98307],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[39,98309,42],{"id":41},[44,98311,98313],{"className":46,"code":98312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98314,98315,98335,98369,98379,98383,98393,98403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98316,98317,98319,98321,98323,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98318,60],{"class":59},[53,98320,64],{"class":63},[53,98322,679],{"class":67},[53,98324,72],{"class":71},[53,98326,75],{"class":67},[53,98328,78],{"class":71},[53,98330,75],{"class":67},[53,98332,83],{"class":71},[53,98334,9176],{"class":67},[53,98336,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98338,3946],{"class":59},[53,98340,64],{"class":63},[53,98342,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98344,619],{"class":67},[53,98346,253],{"class":252},[53,98348,257],{"class":256},[53,98350,253],{"class":252},[53,98352,75],{"class":67},[53,98354,264],{"class":252},[53,98356,267],{"class":256},[53,98358,253],{"class":252},[53,98360,75],{"class":67},[53,98362,264],{"class":252},[53,98364,257],{"class":256},[53,98366,253],{"class":252},[53,98368,632],{"class":67},[53,98370,98371,98373,98375,98377],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,98372,98020],{"class":59},[53,98374,64],{"class":63},[53,98376,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98378,8510],{"class":67},[53,98380,98381],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,98382,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,98386,115],{"class":114},[53,98388,102],{"class":67},[53,98390,92],{"class":98},[53,98392,108],{"class":67},[53,98394,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,98396,115],{"class":114},[53,98398,102],{"class":67},[53,98400,3988],{"class":98},[53,98402,108],{"class":67},[53,98404,98405,98407,98409,98411],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,98406,115],{"class":114},[53,98408,102],{"class":67},[53,98410,98039],{"class":98},[53,98412,108],{"class":67},[14,98414,98415],{},[23,98416,328],{},[44,98418,98420],{"className":46,"code":98419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98421,98422,98438,98458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98425,9145],{"class":67},[53,98427,72],{"class":71},[53,98429,75],{"class":67},[53,98431,78],{"class":71},[53,98433,75],{"class":67},[53,98435,83],{"class":71},[53,98437,9176],{"class":67},[53,98439,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98441,9145],{"class":67},[53,98443,341],{"class":252},[53,98445,267],{"class":256},[53,98447,341],{"class":252},[53,98449,75],{"class":67},[53,98451,350],{"class":252},[53,98453,257],{"class":256},[53,98455,341],{"class":252},[53,98457,9176],{"class":67},[53,98459,98460,98462],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,98461,6159],{"class":2782},[53,98463,8510],{"class":67},[14,98465,98466,98467,98469],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98468,3676],{}," for an empty set.",[39,98471,15026],{"id":15025},[140,98473,98474,98477,98482,98485,98488],{},[143,98475,98476],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[143,98478,98479,98480],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98481,3676],{},[143,98483,98484],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[143,98486,98487],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[143,98489,98490],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[39,98492,98494],{"id":98493},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98496,98497],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98499,30406],{},[140,98501,98502,98505,98508,98511],{},[143,98503,98504],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[143,98506,98507],{},"Sets are unordered",[143,98509,98510],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[143,98512,98513],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98515,98516,98517,2758,98519,95],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[183,98518,96058],{"href":97229},[183,98520,98522],{"href":98521},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[39,98524,98526],{"id":98525},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98528,98529],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[44,98531,98533],{"className":46,"code":98532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98534,98535,98555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98538,60],{"class":59},[53,98540,64],{"class":63},[53,98542,679],{"class":67},[53,98544,72],{"class":71},[53,98546,75],{"class":67},[53,98548,78],{"class":71},[53,98550,75],{"class":67},[53,98552,83],{"class":71},[53,98554,9176],{"class":67},[53,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98558,115],{"class":114},[53,98560,102],{"class":67},[53,98562,92],{"class":98},[53,98564,108],{"class":67},[14,98566,98567],{},[23,98568,29896],{},[44,98570,98571],{"className":46,"code":96337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,98572,98573],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98574,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98576,9145],{"class":67},[53,98578,72],{"class":71},[53,98580,75],{"class":67},[53,98582,78],{"class":71},[53,98584,75],{"class":67},[53,98586,83],{"class":71},[53,98588,9176],{"class":67},[14,98590,98591],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[830,98593,98595],{"id":98594},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98597,98598],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[44,98600,98602],{"className":46,"code":98601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98603,98604,98636,98646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98605,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98607,60],{"class":59},[53,98609,64],{"class":63},[53,98611,679],{"class":67},[53,98613,72],{"class":71},[53,98615,75],{"class":67},[53,98617,78],{"class":71},[53,98619,75],{"class":67},[53,98621,78],{"class":71},[53,98623,75],{"class":67},[53,98625,83],{"class":71},[53,98627,75],{"class":67},[53,98629,83],{"class":71},[53,98631,75],{"class":67},[53,98633,83],{"class":71},[53,98635,9176],{"class":67},[53,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98639,115],{"class":114},[53,98641,102],{"class":67},[53,98643,92],{"class":98},[53,98645,108],{"class":67},[53,98647,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,98649,115],{"class":114},[53,98651,102],{"class":67},[53,98653,11029],{"class":114},[53,98655,102],{"class":67},[53,98657,92],{"class":98},[53,98659,1907],{"class":67},[14,98661,98662],{},[23,98663,29896],{},[44,98665,98667],{"className":46,"code":98666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98668,98669,98685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98672,9145],{"class":67},[53,98674,72],{"class":71},[53,98676,75],{"class":67},[53,98678,78],{"class":71},[53,98680,75],{"class":67},[53,98682,83],{"class":71},[53,98684,9176],{"class":67},[53,98686,98687],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98688,46479],{"class":71},[14,98690,20842,98691,4269,98693,98695],{},[18,98692,1937],{},[18,98694,754],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[39,98697,98699,98700],{"id":98698},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98701,3676],{},[14,98703,131,98704,98706],{},[18,98705,3676],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98708,5330],{},[140,98710,98711,98713,98715,98717],{},[143,98712,96817],{},[143,98714,96113],{},[143,98716,56189],{},[143,98718,98719],{},[18,98720,36062],{},[830,98722,98724],{"id":98723},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[44,98726,98728],{"className":46,"code":98727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98729,98730,98764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98731,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98733,60],{"class":59},[53,98735,64],{"class":63},[53,98737,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98739,619],{"class":67},[53,98741,72],{"class":71},[53,98743,75],{"class":67},[53,98745,78],{"class":71},[53,98747,75],{"class":67},[53,98749,78],{"class":71},[53,98751,75],{"class":67},[53,98753,83],{"class":71},[53,98755,75],{"class":67},[53,98757,83],{"class":71},[53,98759,75],{"class":67},[53,98761,759],{"class":71},[53,98763,632],{"class":67},[53,98765,98766,98768,98770,98772],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98767,115],{"class":114},[53,98769,102],{"class":67},[53,98771,92],{"class":98},[53,98773,108],{"class":67},[14,98775,98776],{},[23,98777,29896],{},[44,98779,98780],{"className":46,"code":96000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,98781,98782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98783,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98785,9145],{"class":67},[53,98787,72],{"class":71},[53,98789,75],{"class":67},[53,98791,78],{"class":71},[53,98793,75],{"class":67},[53,98795,83],{"class":71},[53,98797,75],{"class":67},[53,98799,759],{"class":71},[53,98801,9176],{"class":67},[14,98803,98804,98805,95],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[183,98806,98808],{"href":98807},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[830,98810,98812],{"id":98811},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[44,98814,98816],{"className":46,"code":98815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,98817,98818,98844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98819,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98821,3702],{"class":59},[53,98823,64],{"class":63},[53,98825,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98827,5384],{"class":67},[53,98829,539],{"class":71},[53,98831,75],{"class":67},[53,98833,7658],{"class":71},[53,98835,75],{"class":67},[53,98837,7658],{"class":71},[53,98839,75],{"class":67},[53,98841,7663],{"class":71},[53,98843,1907],{"class":67},[53,98845,98846,98848,98850,98852],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98847,115],{"class":114},[53,98849,102],{"class":67},[53,98851,5233],{"class":98},[53,98853,108],{"class":67},[14,98855,98856],{},[23,98857,29896],{},[44,98859,98861],{"className":46,"code":98860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,98862,98863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98864,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98866,9145],{"class":67},[53,98868,539],{"class":71},[53,98870,75],{"class":67},[53,98872,7658],{"class":71},[53,98874,75],{"class":67},[53,98876,7663],{"class":71},[53,98878,9176],{"class":67},[830,98880,98882],{"id":98881},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[44,98884,98886],{"className":46,"code":98885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,98887,98888,98906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98889,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98891,1411],{"class":59},[53,98893,64],{"class":63},[53,98895,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98897,102],{"class":67},[53,98899,253],{"class":252},[53,98901,556],{"class":256},[53,98903,253],{"class":252},[53,98905,108],{"class":67},[53,98907,98908,98910,98912,98914],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98909,115],{"class":114},[53,98911,102],{"class":67},[53,98913,1437],{"class":98},[53,98915,108],{"class":67},[14,98917,98918],{},[23,98919,29896],{},[44,98921,98923],{"className":46,"code":98922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,98924,98925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98926,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98928,9145],{"class":67},[53,98930,341],{"class":252},[53,98932,60164],{"class":256},[53,98934,341],{"class":252},[53,98936,75],{"class":67},[53,98938,350],{"class":252},[53,98940,60173],{"class":256},[53,98942,341],{"class":252},[53,98944,75],{"class":67},[53,98946,350],{"class":252},[53,98948,60182],{"class":256},[53,98950,341],{"class":252},[53,98952,75],{"class":67},[53,98954,350],{"class":252},[53,98956,60199],{"class":256},[53,98958,341],{"class":252},[53,98960,9176],{"class":67},[14,98962,98963],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[39,98965,98967],{"id":98966},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98969,98970,98971,95],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,98972,3676],{},[44,98974,98976],{"className":46,"code":98975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98977,98978,98988,98998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98981,98020],{"class":59},[53,98983,64],{"class":63},[53,98985,15497],{"class":2782},[53,98987,8510],{"class":67},[53,98989,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,98991,115],{"class":114},[53,98993,102],{"class":67},[53,98995,98039],{"class":98},[53,98997,108],{"class":67},[53,98999,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99001,115],{"class":114},[53,99003,102],{"class":67},[53,99005,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99007,102],{"class":67},[53,99009,98039],{"class":98},[53,99011,1907],{"class":67},[14,99013,99014],{},[23,99015,328],{},[44,99017,99019],{"className":46,"code":99018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99020,99021,99027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99022,99023,99025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99024,6159],{"class":2782},[53,99026,8510],{"class":67},[53,99028,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99030,3171],{"class":63},[53,99032,3174],{"class":1945},[53,99034,350],{"class":252},[53,99036,6159],{"class":256},[53,99038,341],{"class":252},[53,99040,3183],{"class":63},[830,99042,44291,99044],{"id":99043},"do-not-use",[18,99045,3671],{},[14,99047,99048,99049,99051],{},"Empty braces do ",[23,99050,36],{}," create a set.",[44,99053,99055],{"className":46,"code":99054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99056,99057,99065,99075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99058,99059,99061,99063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99060,97964],{"class":59},[53,99062,64],{"class":63},[53,99064,9705],{"class":67},[53,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99068,115],{"class":114},[53,99070,102],{"class":67},[53,99072,97981],{"class":98},[53,99074,108],{"class":67},[53,99076,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99078,115],{"class":114},[53,99080,102],{"class":67},[53,99082,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99084,102],{"class":67},[53,99086,97981],{"class":98},[53,99088,1907],{"class":67},[14,99090,99091],{},[23,99092,328],{},[44,99094,99096],{"className":46,"code":99095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99097,99098,99102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99099,99100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99101,9302],{"class":67},[53,99103,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99105,3171],{"class":63},[53,99107,3174],{"class":1945},[53,99109,350],{"class":252},[53,99111,8689],{"class":256},[53,99113,341],{"class":252},[53,99115,3183],{"class":63},[14,99117,99118,8656],{},[18,99119,3671],{},[39,99121,71996],{"id":71995},[14,99123,99124],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99126,99127],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[44,99129,99131],{"className":46,"code":99130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99132,99133,99181,99191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99134,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99136,3946],{"class":59},[53,99138,64],{"class":63},[53,99140,679],{"class":67},[53,99142,253],{"class":252},[53,99144,257],{"class":256},[53,99146,253],{"class":252},[53,99148,75],{"class":67},[53,99150,264],{"class":252},[53,99152,267],{"class":256},[53,99154,253],{"class":252},[53,99156,75],{"class":67},[53,99158,264],{"class":252},[53,99160,257],{"class":256},[53,99162,253],{"class":252},[53,99164,75],{"class":67},[53,99166,264],{"class":252},[53,99168,257],{"class":256},[53,99170,253],{"class":252},[53,99172,75],{"class":67},[53,99174,264],{"class":252},[53,99176,292],{"class":256},[53,99178,253],{"class":252},[53,99180,9176],{"class":67},[53,99182,99183,99185,99187,99189],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99184,115],{"class":114},[53,99186,102],{"class":67},[53,99188,3988],{"class":98},[53,99190,108],{"class":67},[53,99192,99193,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99194,115],{"class":114},[53,99196,102],{"class":67},[53,99198,11029],{"class":114},[53,99200,102],{"class":67},[53,99202,3988],{"class":98},[53,99204,1907],{"class":67},[14,99206,99207],{},[23,99208,29896],{},[44,99210,99212],{"className":46,"code":99211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99213,99214,99242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99217,9145],{"class":67},[53,99219,341],{"class":252},[53,99221,267],{"class":256},[53,99223,341],{"class":252},[53,99225,75],{"class":67},[53,99227,350],{"class":252},[53,99229,292],{"class":256},[53,99231,341],{"class":252},[53,99233,75],{"class":67},[53,99235,350],{"class":252},[53,99237,257],{"class":256},[53,99239,341],{"class":252},[53,99241,9176],{"class":67},[53,99243,99244],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99245,46479],{"class":71},[14,99247,99248],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[39,99250,99252],{"id":99251},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99254,99255,99256,99258],{},"Set items must be ",[23,99257,96101],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99260,99261],{},"These usually work:",[140,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270],{},[143,99265,56186],{},[143,99267,56189],{},[143,99269,96113],{},[143,99271,40457],{},[44,99273,99275],{"className":46,"code":99274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99276,99277,99311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99278,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99280,3702],{"class":59},[53,99282,64],{"class":63},[53,99284,679],{"class":67},[53,99286,72],{"class":71},[53,99288,75],{"class":67},[53,99290,264],{"class":252},[53,99292,257],{"class":256},[53,99294,253],{"class":252},[53,99296,75],{"class":67},[53,99298,9103],{"class":67},[53,99300,539],{"class":71},[53,99302,75],{"class":67},[53,99304,7658],{"class":71},[53,99306,9100],{"class":67},[53,99308,674],{"class":369},[53,99310,9176],{"class":67},[53,99312,99313,99315,99317,99319],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99314,115],{"class":114},[53,99316,102],{"class":67},[53,99318,5233],{"class":98},[53,99320,108],{"class":67},[14,99322,99323,99324,99326],{},"These do ",[23,99325,36],{}," work directly:",[140,99328,99329,99331],{},[143,99330,96817],{},[143,99332,96820],{},[44,99334,99336],{"className":46,"code":99335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99337,99338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99339,99340,99343,99345,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99341,99342],{"class":59},"bad_set ",[53,99344,64],{"class":63},[53,99346,99347],{"class":67}," {[",[53,99349,72],{"class":71},[53,99351,75],{"class":67},[53,99353,78],{"class":71},[53,99355,75],{"class":67},[53,99357,83],{"class":71},[53,99359,13569],{"class":67},[14,99361,99362],{},"This raises an error:",[44,99364,99365],{"className":46,"code":96876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,99366,99367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99368,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99370,2885],{"class":2782},[53,99372,597],{"class":67},[53,99374,96887],{"class":59},[53,99376,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99378,597],{"class":67},[53,99380,350],{"class":252},[53,99382,7961],{"class":256},[53,99384,29566],{"class":252},[14,99386,51943],{},[44,99388,99390],{"className":46,"code":99389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99391,99392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99393,99394,99396,99398,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99395,99342],{"class":59},[53,99397,64],{"class":63},[53,99399,99400],{"class":67}," {{",[53,99402,253],{"class":252},[53,99404,592],{"class":256},[53,99406,253],{"class":252},[53,99408,597],{"class":67},[53,99410,264],{"class":252},[53,99412,602],{"class":256},[53,99414,253],{"class":252},[53,99416,99417],{"class":67},"}}\n",[14,99419,99420],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,99422,99424],{"id":99423},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[830,99426,99428],{"id":99427},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[44,99430,99432],{"className":46,"code":99431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99433,99434,99458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99435,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99437,60],{"class":59},[53,99439,64],{"class":63},[53,99441,679],{"class":67},[53,99443,72],{"class":71},[53,99445,75],{"class":67},[53,99447,78],{"class":71},[53,99449,75],{"class":67},[53,99451,83],{"class":71},[53,99453,75],{"class":67},[53,99455,759],{"class":71},[53,99457,9176],{"class":67},[53,99459,99460,99462,99464,99466],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99461,115],{"class":114},[53,99463,102],{"class":67},[53,99465,92],{"class":98},[53,99467,108],{"class":67},[830,99469,99471],{"id":99470},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[44,99473,99475],{"className":46,"code":99474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99476,99477,99505,99520,99524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99480,516],{"class":59},[53,99482,64],{"class":63},[53,99484,68],{"class":67},[53,99486,72],{"class":71},[53,99488,75],{"class":67},[53,99490,5371],{"class":71},[53,99492,75],{"class":67},[53,99494,78],{"class":71},[53,99496,75],{"class":67},[53,99498,83],{"class":71},[53,99500,75],{"class":67},[53,99502,83],{"class":71},[53,99504,86],{"class":67},[53,99506,99507,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99508,99509],{"class":59},"unique_items ",[53,99511,64],{"class":63},[53,99513,15497],{"class":2782},[53,99515,102],{"class":67},[53,99517,530],{"class":98},[53,99519,108],{"class":67},[53,99521,99522],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99523,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,99525,99526,99528,99530,99533],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,99527,115],{"class":114},[53,99529,102],{"class":67},[53,99531,99532],{"class":98},"unique_items",[53,99534,108],{"class":67},[830,99536,98882],{"id":99537},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[44,99539,99541],{"className":46,"code":99540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99542,99543,99561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99544,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99546,1411],{"class":59},[53,99548,64],{"class":63},[53,99550,15497],{"class":2782},[53,99552,102],{"class":67},[53,99554,253],{"class":252},[53,99556,267],{"class":256},[53,99558,253],{"class":252},[53,99560,108],{"class":67},[53,99562,99563,99565,99567,99569],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99564,115],{"class":114},[53,99566,102],{"class":67},[53,99568,1437],{"class":98},[53,99570,108],{"class":67},[830,99572,99574],{"id":99573},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[44,99576,99578],{"className":46,"code":99577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99579,99580,99590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99583,98020],{"class":59},[53,99585,64],{"class":63},[53,99587,15497],{"class":2782},[53,99589,8510],{"class":67},[53,99591,99592,99594,99596,99598],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99593,115],{"class":114},[53,99595,102],{"class":67},[53,99597,98039],{"class":98},[53,99599,108],{"class":67},[39,99601,2709],{"id":2708},[14,99603,99604],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[830,99606,833,99608,99610],{"id":99607},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99609,3671],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99612,99613],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[44,99615,99617],{"className":46,"code":99616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99618,99619,99627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99620,99621,99623,99625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99622,2325],{"class":59},[53,99624,64],{"class":63},[53,99626,9705],{"class":67},[53,99628,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99630,115],{"class":114},[53,99632,102],{"class":67},[53,99634,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99636,102],{"class":67},[53,99638,2350],{"class":98},[53,99640,1907],{"class":67},[14,99642,99643],{},"This prints:",[44,99645,99646],{"className":46,"code":8676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,99647,99648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99651,3171],{"class":63},[53,99653,3174],{"class":1945},[53,99655,350],{"class":252},[53,99657,8689],{"class":256},[53,99659,341],{"class":252},[53,99661,3183],{"class":63},[14,99663,131,99664,1381],{},[18,99665,3676],{},[830,99667,99669],{"id":99668},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99671,99672],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[44,99674,99676],{"className":46,"code":99675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99677,99678,99706],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99679,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99681,60],{"class":59},[53,99683,64],{"class":63},[53,99685,679],{"class":67},[53,99687,72],{"class":71},[53,99689,75],{"class":67},[53,99691,5371],{"class":71},[53,99693,75],{"class":67},[53,99695,78],{"class":71},[53,99697,75],{"class":67},[53,99699,78],{"class":71},[53,99701,75],{"class":67},[53,99703,83],{"class":71},[53,99705,9176],{"class":67},[53,99707,99708,99710,99712,99714],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99709,115],{"class":114},[53,99711,102],{"class":67},[53,99713,92],{"class":98},[53,99715,108],{"class":67},[14,99717,99718],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[830,99720,99722],{"id":99721},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99724,99725],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99727,99728],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[44,99730,99732],{"className":46,"code":99731,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99733,99734,99754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99735,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99737,60],{"class":59},[53,99739,64],{"class":63},[53,99741,679],{"class":67},[53,99743,539],{"class":71},[53,99745,75],{"class":67},[53,99747,7658],{"class":71},[53,99749,75],{"class":67},[53,99751,7663],{"class":71},[53,99753,9176],{"class":67},[53,99755,99756],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99757,99758],{"class":127},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99760,99761],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[830,99763,99765],{"id":99764},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99767,99768],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[44,99770,99772],{"className":46,"code":99771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99773,99774,99779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99775,99776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99777,99778],{"class":127},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[53,99780,99781],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99782,99783],{"class":127},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99785,99786,99787,95],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,99788,2885],{},[830,99790,99792],{"id":99791},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99794,99795],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[44,99797,99799],{"className":46,"code":99798,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,99800,99801,99821,99853,99857,99871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99802,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99804,15492],{"class":59},[53,99806,64],{"class":63},[53,99808,679],{"class":67},[53,99810,72],{"class":71},[53,99812,75],{"class":67},[53,99814,78],{"class":71},[53,99816,75],{"class":67},[53,99818,83],{"class":71},[53,99820,9176],{"class":67},[53,99822,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99824,11592],{"class":59},[53,99826,64],{"class":63},[53,99828,679],{"class":67},[53,99830,253],{"class":252},[53,99832,183],{"class":256},[53,99834,253],{"class":252},[53,99836,597],{"class":67},[53,99838,5371],{"class":71},[53,99840,75],{"class":67},[53,99842,264],{"class":252},[53,99844,1453],{"class":256},[53,99846,253],{"class":252},[53,99848,597],{"class":67},[53,99850,78],{"class":71},[53,99852,9176],{"class":67},[53,99854,99855],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99856,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,99858,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,99860,115],{"class":114},[53,99862,102],{"class":67},[53,99864,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99866,102],{"class":67},[53,99868,15530],{"class":98},[53,99870,1907],{"class":67},[53,99872,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881,99883],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,99874,115],{"class":114},[53,99876,102],{"class":67},[53,99878,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99880,102],{"class":67},[53,99882,11318],{"class":98},[53,99884,1907],{"class":67},[39,99886,92513],{"id":92512},[14,99888,99889],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[44,99891,99893],{"className":46,"code":99892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,99894,99895,99921,99925,99939,99949,99963,99970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99898,15492],{"class":59},[53,99900,64],{"class":63},[53,99902,15497],{"class":2782},[53,99904,619],{"class":67},[53,99906,72],{"class":71},[53,99908,75],{"class":67},[53,99910,78],{"class":71},[53,99912,75],{"class":67},[53,99914,78],{"class":71},[53,99916,75],{"class":67},[53,99918,83],{"class":71},[53,99920,632],{"class":67},[53,99922,99923],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,99924,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,99926,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,99928,115],{"class":114},[53,99930,102],{"class":67},[53,99932,3102],{"class":2782},[53,99934,102],{"class":67},[53,99936,15530],{"class":98},[53,99938,1907],{"class":67},[53,99940,99941,99943,99945,99947],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,99942,115],{"class":114},[53,99944,102],{"class":67},[53,99946,15530],{"class":98},[53,99948,108],{"class":67},[53,99950,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,99952,115],{"class":114},[53,99954,102],{"class":67},[53,99956,11029],{"class":114},[53,99958,102],{"class":67},[53,99960,15530],{"class":98},[53,99962,1907],{"class":67},[53,99964,99965,99967],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,99966,115],{"class":114},[53,99968,99969],{"class":67},"({})\n",[53,99971,99972,99974,99976,99978],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,99973,115],{"class":114},[53,99975,102],{"class":67},[53,99977,6159],{"class":2782},[53,99979,7064],{"class":67},[14,99981,99982],{},"Use these to confirm:",[140,99984,99985,99988,99991,99994],{},[143,99986,99987],{},"The object type",[143,99989,99990],{},"The actual values stored",[143,99992,99993],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[143,99995,99996,99997,4269,99999],{},"The difference between ",[18,99998,3671],{},[18,100000,3676],{},[39,100002,1650],{"id":1649},[830,100004,100006],{"id":100005},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100008,100009,100010,100013,100014,100016],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100011,100012],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100015,3676],{}," with another iterable.",[830,100018,100020],{"id":100019},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100022,131,100023,100025,100026,100028],{},[18,100024,3676],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100027,3671],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[830,100030,100032],{"id":100031},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100034,100035],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[830,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100041,100042],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[830,100044,100046],{"id":100045},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100048,100049],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[39,100051,1782],{"id":1781},[140,100053,100054,100058,100064,100070,100075],{},[143,100055,100056],{},[183,100057,96058],{"href":97229},[143,100059,100060],{},[183,100061,3457,100062,10608],{"href":98230},[18,100063,95938],{},[143,100065,100066],{},[183,100067,3457,100068,10608],{"href":98249},[18,100069,97044],{},[143,100071,100072],{},[183,100073,100074],{"href":98807},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[143,100076,100077],{},[183,100078,100079],{"href":98521},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100081,100082],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1810,100084,100085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":100087},[100088,100089,100090,100091,100094,100100,100104,100105,100106,100112,100120,100121,100128],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":98493,"depth":89,"text":98494},{"id":98525,"depth":89,"text":98526,"children":100092},[100093],{"id":98594,"depth":111,"text":98595},{"id":98698,"depth":89,"text":100095,"children":100096},"Create a set with set()",[100097,100098,100099],{"id":98723,"depth":111,"text":98724},{"id":98811,"depth":111,"text":98812},{"id":98881,"depth":111,"text":98882},{"id":98966,"depth":89,"text":98967,"children":100101},[100102],{"id":99043,"depth":111,"text":100103},"Do not use {}",{"id":71995,"depth":89,"text":71996},{"id":99251,"depth":89,"text":99252},{"id":99423,"depth":89,"text":99424,"children":100107},[100108,100109,100110,100111],{"id":99427,"depth":111,"text":99428},{"id":99470,"depth":111,"text":99471},{"id":99537,"depth":111,"text":98882},{"id":99573,"depth":111,"text":99574},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":100113},[100114,100116,100117,100118,100119],{"id":99607,"depth":111,"text":100115},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99668,"depth":111,"text":99669},{"id":99721,"depth":111,"text":99722},{"id":99764,"depth":111,"text":99765},{"id":99791,"depth":111,"text":99792},{"id":92512,"depth":89,"text":92513},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":100122},[100123,100124,100125,100126,100127],{"id":100005,"depth":111,"text":100006},{"id":100019,"depth":111,"text":100020},{"id":100031,"depth":111,"text":100032},{"id":100038,"depth":111,"text":100039},{"id":100045,"depth":111,"text":100046},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98296,"description":100129},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100135,"title":100136,"body":100137,"description":102568,"extension":1841,"meta":102569,"navigation":301,"path":102570,"seo":102571,"stem":102572,"__hash__":102573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100138,"toc":102533},[100139,100145,100151,100154,100156,100233,100235,100252,100262,100264,100269,100277,100279,100295,100299,100301,100303,100306,100327,100330,100354,100360,100362,100459,100461,100478,100488,100490,100492,100500,100502,100513,100515,100606,100608,100632,100643,100645,100647,100650,100780,100782,100855,100857,100878,100881,100883,100889,100894,100897,101024,101026,101043,101046,101048,101056,101059,101063,101071,101162,101164,101201,101206,101213,101290,101292,101308,101313,101318,101320,101329,101337,101418,101420,101449,101452,101456,101467,101470,101553,101555,101576,101582,101584,101586,101590,101594,101601,101666,101668,101688,101691,101760,101762,101778,101782,101788,101800,101808,101810,101895,101897,101926,101929,101933,101938,101940,101990,101993,102074,102076,102092,102096,102099,102174,102177,102181,102184,102261,102263,102296,102302,102306,102309,102444,102446,102460,102462,102464,102470,102473,102480,102488,102494,102497,102501,102504,102506,102508,102530],[10,100140,95930,100142,11190],{"id":100141},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100143,100144],{},"difference()",[14,100146,100147,100150],{},[18,100148,100149],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100152,100153],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[39,100155,42],{"id":41},[44,100157,100159],{"className":46,"code":100158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100160,100161,100185,100205,100223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100162,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100164,2432],{"class":59},[53,100166,64],{"class":63},[53,100168,679],{"class":67},[53,100170,72],{"class":71},[53,100172,75],{"class":67},[53,100174,78],{"class":71},[53,100176,75],{"class":67},[53,100178,83],{"class":71},[53,100180,75],{"class":67},[53,100182,759],{"class":71},[53,100184,9176],{"class":67},[53,100186,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100188,2460],{"class":59},[53,100190,64],{"class":63},[53,100192,679],{"class":67},[53,100194,754],{"class":71},[53,100196,75],{"class":67},[53,100198,759],{"class":71},[53,100200,75],{"class":67},[53,100202,1577],{"class":71},[53,100204,9176],{"class":67},[53,100206,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100208,276],{"class":59},[53,100210,64],{"class":63},[53,100212,56612],{"class":59},[53,100214,95],{"class":67},[53,100216,2690],{"class":98},[53,100218,102],{"class":67},[53,100220,1453],{"class":98},[53,100222,108],{"class":67},[53,100224,100225,100227,100229,100231],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,100226,115],{"class":114},[53,100228,102],{"class":67},[53,100230,323],{"class":98},[53,100232,108],{"class":67},[14,100234,328],{},[44,100236,100238],{"className":46,"code":100237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100239,100240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100241,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100243,9145],{"class":67},[53,100245,72],{"class":71},[53,100247,75],{"class":67},[53,100249,78],{"class":71},[53,100251,9176],{"class":67},[14,100253,100254,100256,100257,100259,100260,95],{},[18,100255,100144],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100258,183],{}," that are not in ",[18,100261,1453],{},[44779,100263],{},[39,100265,3556,100267,3559],{"id":100266},"what-difference-does",[18,100268,100144],{},[14,100270,16,100271,100273,100274,100276],{},[18,100272,100144],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[23,100275,36],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100278,12919],{},[140,100280,100281,100286,100289,100292],{},[143,100282,100283,100285],{},[18,100284,100144],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[143,100287,100288],{},"It creates a new set",[143,100290,100291],{},"It does not change the original set",[143,100293,100294],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100296,96054,100297,95],{},[183,100298,96058],{"href":97229},[44779,100300],{},[39,100302,2039],{"id":2038},[14,100304,100305],{},"Use this form:",[44,100307,100309],{"className":46,"code":100308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100310,100311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100312,100313,100316,100318,100320,100322,100325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100314,100315],{"class":59},"set1",[53,100317,95],{"class":67},[53,100319,2690],{"class":98},[53,100321,102],{"class":67},[53,100323,100324],{"class":98},"set2",[53,100326,108],{"class":67},[14,100328,100329],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[44,100331,100333],{"className":46,"code":100332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100334,100335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100336,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100338,100315],{"class":59},[53,100340,95],{"class":67},[53,100342,2690],{"class":98},[53,100344,102],{"class":67},[53,100346,100324],{"class":98},[53,100348,75],{"class":67},[53,100350,100351],{"class":98}," set3",[53,100353,108],{"class":67},[14,100355,100356,100357,100359],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[23,100358,5228],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100361,235],{},[44,100363,100365],{"className":46,"code":100364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100366,100367,100395,100411,100423,100427,100449],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100368,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100370,2432],{"class":59},[53,100372,64],{"class":63},[53,100374,679],{"class":67},[53,100376,72],{"class":71},[53,100378,75],{"class":67},[53,100380,78],{"class":71},[53,100382,75],{"class":67},[53,100384,83],{"class":71},[53,100386,75],{"class":67},[53,100388,759],{"class":71},[53,100390,75],{"class":67},[53,100392,1577],{"class":71},[53,100394,9176],{"class":67},[53,100396,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100398,2460],{"class":59},[53,100400,64],{"class":63},[53,100402,679],{"class":67},[53,100404,1937],{"class":71},[53,100406,75],{"class":67},[53,100408,83],{"class":71},[53,100410,9176],{"class":67},[53,100412,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100414,82913],{"class":59},[53,100416,64],{"class":63},[53,100418,679],{"class":67},[53,100420,2017],{"class":71},[53,100422,9176],{"class":67},[53,100424,100425],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,100426,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100428,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445,100447],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,100430,276],{"class":59},[53,100432,64],{"class":63},[53,100434,56612],{"class":59},[53,100436,95],{"class":67},[53,100438,2690],{"class":98},[53,100440,102],{"class":67},[53,100442,1453],{"class":98},[53,100444,75],{"class":67},[53,100446,9549],{"class":98},[53,100448,108],{"class":67},[53,100450,100451,100453,100455,100457],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,100452,115],{"class":114},[53,100454,102],{"class":67},[53,100456,323],{"class":98},[53,100458,108],{"class":67},[14,100460,328],{},[44,100462,100464],{"className":46,"code":100463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100465,100466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100469,9145],{"class":67},[53,100471,72],{"class":71},[53,100473,75],{"class":67},[53,100475,759],{"class":71},[53,100477,9176],{"class":67},[14,100479,100480,100481,100483,100484,2758,100486,95],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100482,183],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100485,1453],{},[18,100487,1428],{},[44779,100489],{},[39,100491,17284],{"id":17283},[14,100493,100494,100496,100497,95],{},[18,100495,100144],{}," always returns a ",[23,100498,100499],{},"new set",[14,100501,43512],{},[140,100503,100504,100507,100510],{},[143,100505,100506],{},"The return value is a new set",[143,100508,100509],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[143,100511,100512],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100514,235],{},[44,100516,100518],{"className":46,"code":100517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100519,100520,100536,100556,100560,100578,100582,100592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100521,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100523,2432],{"class":59},[53,100525,64],{"class":63},[53,100527,679],{"class":67},[53,100529,72],{"class":71},[53,100531,75],{"class":67},[53,100533,78],{"class":71},[53,100535,9176],{"class":67},[53,100537,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100539,2460],{"class":59},[53,100541,64],{"class":63},[53,100543,679],{"class":67},[53,100545,72],{"class":71},[53,100547,75],{"class":67},[53,100549,78],{"class":71},[53,100551,75],{"class":67},[53,100553,83],{"class":71},[53,100555,9176],{"class":67},[53,100557,100558],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100559,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100561,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,100563,276],{"class":59},[53,100565,64],{"class":63},[53,100567,56612],{"class":59},[53,100569,95],{"class":67},[53,100571,2690],{"class":98},[53,100573,102],{"class":67},[53,100575,1453],{"class":98},[53,100577,108],{"class":67},[53,100579,100580],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,100581,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100583,100584,100586,100588,100590],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,100585,115],{"class":114},[53,100587,102],{"class":67},[53,100589,323],{"class":98},[53,100591,108],{"class":67},[53,100593,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,100595,115],{"class":114},[53,100597,102],{"class":67},[53,100599,3102],{"class":2782},[53,100601,102],{"class":67},[53,100603,323],{"class":98},[53,100605,1907],{"class":67},[14,100607,328],{},[44,100609,100610],{"className":46,"code":99018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,100611,100612,100618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100613,100614,100616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100615,6159],{"class":2782},[53,100617,8510],{"class":67},[53,100619,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100621,3171],{"class":63},[53,100623,3174],{"class":1945},[53,100625,350],{"class":252},[53,100627,6159],{"class":256},[53,100629,341],{"class":252},[53,100631,3183],{"class":63},[14,100633,100634,100635,18827,100637,100639,100640,100642],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100636,3676],{},[18,100638,3671],{},". In Python, ",[18,100641,3671],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44779,100644],{},[39,100646,385],{"id":384},[14,100648,100649],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[44,100651,100653],{"className":46,"code":100652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100654,100655,100688,100721,100725,100745,100749,100759,100770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100656,100657,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100658,100659],{"class":59},"fruits_a ",[53,100661,64],{"class":63},[53,100663,679],{"class":67},[53,100665,253],{"class":252},[53,100667,257],{"class":256},[53,100669,253],{"class":252},[53,100671,75],{"class":67},[53,100673,264],{"class":252},[53,100675,267],{"class":256},[53,100677,253],{"class":252},[53,100679,75],{"class":67},[53,100681,264],{"class":252},[53,100683,292],{"class":256},[53,100685,253],{"class":252},[53,100687,9176],{"class":67},[53,100689,100690,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100691,100692],{"class":59},"fruits_b ",[53,100694,64],{"class":63},[53,100696,679],{"class":67},[53,100698,253],{"class":252},[53,100700,267],{"class":256},[53,100702,253],{"class":252},[53,100704,75],{"class":67},[53,100706,264],{"class":252},[53,100708,292],{"class":256},[53,100710,253],{"class":252},[53,100712,75],{"class":67},[53,100714,264],{"class":252},[53,100716,22398],{"class":256},[53,100718,253],{"class":252},[53,100720,9176],{"class":67},[53,100722,100723],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100724,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100726,100727,100729,100731,100734,100736,100738,100740,100743],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,100728,276],{"class":59},[53,100730,64],{"class":63},[53,100732,100733],{"class":59}," fruits_a",[53,100735,95],{"class":67},[53,100737,2690],{"class":98},[53,100739,102],{"class":67},[53,100741,100742],{"class":98},"fruits_b",[53,100744,108],{"class":67},[53,100746,100747],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,100748,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100750,100751,100753,100755,100757],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,100752,115],{"class":114},[53,100754,102],{"class":67},[53,100756,323],{"class":98},[53,100758,108],{"class":67},[53,100760,100761,100763,100765,100768],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,100762,115],{"class":114},[53,100764,102],{"class":67},[53,100766,100767],{"class":98},"fruits_a",[53,100769,108],{"class":67},[53,100771,100772,100774,100776,100778],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,100773,115],{"class":114},[53,100775,102],{"class":67},[53,100777,100742],{"class":98},[53,100779,108],{"class":67},[14,100781,29896],{},[44,100783,100785],{"className":46,"code":100784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,100786,100787,100799,100827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100788,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100790,9145],{"class":67},[53,100792,341],{"class":252},[53,100794,257],{"class":256},[53,100796,341],{"class":252},[53,100798,9176],{"class":67},[53,100800,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100802,9145],{"class":67},[53,100804,341],{"class":252},[53,100806,267],{"class":256},[53,100808,341],{"class":252},[53,100810,75],{"class":67},[53,100812,350],{"class":252},[53,100814,292],{"class":256},[53,100816,341],{"class":252},[53,100818,75],{"class":67},[53,100820,350],{"class":252},[53,100822,257],{"class":256},[53,100824,341],{"class":252},[53,100826,9176],{"class":67},[53,100828,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100830,9145],{"class":67},[53,100832,341],{"class":252},[53,100834,267],{"class":256},[53,100836,341],{"class":252},[53,100838,75],{"class":67},[53,100840,350],{"class":252},[53,100842,292],{"class":256},[53,100844,341],{"class":252},[53,100846,75],{"class":67},[53,100848,350],{"class":252},[53,100850,22398],{"class":256},[53,100852,341],{"class":252},[53,100854,9176],{"class":67},[14,100856,11551],{},[140,100858,100859,100864,100869,100875],{},[143,100860,100861,100862],{},"Start with ",[18,100863,100767],{},[143,100865,100866,100867],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,100868,100742],{},[143,100870,100871,100872,100874],{},"Only ",[18,100873,57558],{}," remains",[143,100876,100877],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100879,100880],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44779,100882],{},[39,100884,833,100886,100888],{"id":100885},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,100887,100144],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100890,100891,100892,95],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,100893,100144],{},[14,100895,100896],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[44,100898,100900],{"className":46,"code":100899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100901,100902,100934,100951,100964,100981,100985,101014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100903,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100905,60],{"class":59},[53,100907,64],{"class":63},[53,100909,679],{"class":67},[53,100911,72],{"class":71},[53,100913,75],{"class":67},[53,100915,78],{"class":71},[53,100917,75],{"class":67},[53,100919,83],{"class":71},[53,100921,75],{"class":67},[53,100923,759],{"class":71},[53,100925,75],{"class":67},[53,100927,1577],{"class":71},[53,100929,75],{"class":67},[53,100931,37506],{"class":71},[53,100933,9176],{"class":67},[53,100935,100936,100939,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,100937,100938],{"class":59},"group_a ",[53,100940,64],{"class":63},[53,100942,679],{"class":67},[53,100944,1937],{"class":71},[53,100946,75],{"class":67},[53,100948,759],{"class":71},[53,100950,9176],{"class":67},[53,100952,100953,100956,100958,100960,100962],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,100954,100955],{"class":59},"group_b ",[53,100957,64],{"class":63},[53,100959,679],{"class":67},[53,100961,2017],{"class":71},[53,100963,9176],{"class":67},[53,100965,100966,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,100967,100968],{"class":59},"group_c ",[53,100970,64],{"class":63},[53,100972,679],{"class":67},[53,100974,80321],{"class":71},[53,100976,75],{"class":67},[53,100978,5865],{"class":71},[53,100980,9176],{"class":67},[53,100982,100983],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,100984,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,100986,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101002,101004,101007,101009,101012],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,100988,276],{"class":59},[53,100990,64],{"class":63},[53,100992,4138],{"class":59},[53,100994,95],{"class":67},[53,100996,2690],{"class":98},[53,100998,102],{"class":67},[53,101000,101001],{"class":98},"group_a",[53,101003,75],{"class":67},[53,101005,101006],{"class":98}," group_b",[53,101008,75],{"class":67},[53,101010,101011],{"class":98}," group_c",[53,101013,108],{"class":67},[53,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,101017,115],{"class":114},[53,101019,102],{"class":67},[53,101021,323],{"class":98},[53,101023,108],{"class":67},[14,101025,328],{},[44,101027,101029],{"className":46,"code":101028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101030,101031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101032,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101034,9145],{"class":67},[53,101036,72],{"class":71},[53,101038,75],{"class":67},[53,101040,83],{"class":71},[53,101042,9176],{"class":67},[14,101044,101045],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44779,101047],{},[39,101049,101051,10452,101053],{"id":101050},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101052,100144],{},[18,101054,101055],{},"difference_update()",[14,101057,101058],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[830,101060,101061],{"id":2690},[18,101062,100144],{},[140,101064,101065,101068],{},[143,101066,101067],{},"Returns a new set",[143,101069,101070],{},"Does not change the original set",[44,101072,101074],{"className":46,"code":101073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101075,101076,101100,101116,101120,101138,101142,101152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101079,2432],{"class":59},[53,101081,64],{"class":63},[53,101083,679],{"class":67},[53,101085,72],{"class":71},[53,101087,75],{"class":67},[53,101089,78],{"class":71},[53,101091,75],{"class":67},[53,101093,83],{"class":71},[53,101095,75],{"class":67},[53,101097,759],{"class":71},[53,101099,9176],{"class":67},[53,101101,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101103,2460],{"class":59},[53,101105,64],{"class":63},[53,101107,679],{"class":67},[53,101109,754],{"class":71},[53,101111,75],{"class":67},[53,101113,759],{"class":71},[53,101115,9176],{"class":67},[53,101117,101118],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101119,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101121,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101123,276],{"class":59},[53,101125,64],{"class":63},[53,101127,56612],{"class":59},[53,101129,95],{"class":67},[53,101131,2690],{"class":98},[53,101133,102],{"class":67},[53,101135,1453],{"class":98},[53,101137,108],{"class":67},[53,101139,101140],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101141,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101143,101144,101146,101148,101150],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,101145,115],{"class":114},[53,101147,102],{"class":67},[53,101149,323],{"class":98},[53,101151,108],{"class":67},[53,101153,101154,101156,101158,101160],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,101155,115],{"class":114},[53,101157,102],{"class":67},[53,101159,183],{"class":98},[53,101161,108],{"class":67},[14,101163,328],{},[44,101165,101167],{"className":46,"code":101166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101168,101169,101181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101170,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101172,9145],{"class":67},[53,101174,72],{"class":71},[53,101176,75],{"class":67},[53,101178,78],{"class":71},[53,101180,9176],{"class":67},[53,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101184,9145],{"class":67},[53,101186,72],{"class":71},[53,101188,75],{"class":67},[53,101190,78],{"class":71},[53,101192,75],{"class":67},[53,101194,83],{"class":71},[53,101196,75],{"class":67},[53,101198,759],{"class":71},[53,101200,9176],{"class":67},[830,101202,101204],{"id":101203},"difference_update",[18,101205,101055],{},[140,101207,101208,101211],{},[143,101209,101210],{},"Changes the original set",[143,101212,96048],{},[44,101214,101216],{"className":46,"code":101215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101217,101218,101242,101258,101262,101276,101280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101219,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101221,2432],{"class":59},[53,101223,64],{"class":63},[53,101225,679],{"class":67},[53,101227,72],{"class":71},[53,101229,75],{"class":67},[53,101231,78],{"class":71},[53,101233,75],{"class":67},[53,101235,83],{"class":71},[53,101237,75],{"class":67},[53,101239,759],{"class":71},[53,101241,9176],{"class":67},[53,101243,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101245,2460],{"class":59},[53,101247,64],{"class":63},[53,101249,679],{"class":67},[53,101251,754],{"class":71},[53,101253,75],{"class":67},[53,101255,759],{"class":71},[53,101257,9176],{"class":67},[53,101259,101260],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101261,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101263,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101265,183],{"class":59},[53,101267,95],{"class":67},[53,101269,101203],{"class":98},[53,101271,102],{"class":67},[53,101273,1453],{"class":98},[53,101275,108],{"class":67},[53,101277,101278],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101279,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,101283,115],{"class":114},[53,101285,102],{"class":67},[53,101287,183],{"class":98},[53,101289,108],{"class":67},[14,101291,328],{},[44,101293,101294],{"className":46,"code":100237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,101295,101296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101297,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101299,9145],{"class":67},[53,101301,72],{"class":71},[53,101303,75],{"class":67},[53,101305,78],{"class":71},[53,101307,9176],{"class":67},[14,101309,131,101310,101312],{},[18,101311,100144],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101314,101315,101316,33464],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101317,101055],{},[44779,101319],{},[39,101321,101323,101325,101326,101328],{"id":101322},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101324,100144],{}," vs the ",[18,101327,1901],{}," operator",[14,101330,16,101331,101333,101334,101336],{},[18,101332,1901],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101335,100144],{}," for two sets.",[44,101338,101340],{"className":46,"code":101339,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101341,101342,101366,101382,101386,101404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101345,2432],{"class":59},[53,101347,64],{"class":63},[53,101349,679],{"class":67},[53,101351,72],{"class":71},[53,101353,75],{"class":67},[53,101355,78],{"class":71},[53,101357,75],{"class":67},[53,101359,83],{"class":71},[53,101361,75],{"class":67},[53,101363,759],{"class":71},[53,101365,9176],{"class":67},[53,101367,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101369,2460],{"class":59},[53,101371,64],{"class":63},[53,101373,679],{"class":67},[53,101375,754],{"class":71},[53,101377,75],{"class":67},[53,101379,759],{"class":71},[53,101381,9176],{"class":67},[53,101383,101384],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101385,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101387,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101389,115],{"class":114},[53,101391,102],{"class":67},[53,101393,183],{"class":98},[53,101395,95],{"class":67},[53,101397,2690],{"class":98},[53,101399,102],{"class":67},[53,101401,1453],{"class":98},[53,101403,1907],{"class":67},[53,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101407,115],{"class":114},[53,101409,102],{"class":67},[53,101411,2432],{"class":98},[53,101413,1901],{"class":63},[53,101415,2437],{"class":98},[53,101417,108],{"class":67},[14,101419,328],{},[44,101421,101423],{"className":46,"code":101422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101424,101425,101437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101426,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101428,9145],{"class":67},[53,101430,72],{"class":71},[53,101432,75],{"class":67},[53,101434,78],{"class":71},[53,101436,9176],{"class":67},[53,101438,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101440,9145],{"class":67},[53,101442,72],{"class":71},[53,101444,75],{"class":67},[53,101446,78],{"class":71},[53,101448,9176],{"class":67},[14,101450,101451],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101453,94318,101454,2370],{},[18,101455,100144],{},[140,101457,101458,101461,101464],{},[143,101459,101460],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[143,101462,101463],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[143,101465,101466],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101468,101469],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[44,101471,101473],{"className":46,"code":101472,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101474,101475,101503,101515,101527,101531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101476,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101478,2432],{"class":59},[53,101480,64],{"class":63},[53,101482,679],{"class":67},[53,101484,72],{"class":71},[53,101486,75],{"class":67},[53,101488,78],{"class":71},[53,101490,75],{"class":67},[53,101492,83],{"class":71},[53,101494,75],{"class":67},[53,101496,759],{"class":71},[53,101498,75],{"class":67},[53,101500,1577],{"class":71},[53,101502,9176],{"class":67},[53,101504,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101506,2460],{"class":59},[53,101508,64],{"class":63},[53,101510,679],{"class":67},[53,101512,1937],{"class":71},[53,101514,9176],{"class":67},[53,101516,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101518,82913],{"class":59},[53,101520,64],{"class":63},[53,101522,679],{"class":67},[53,101524,105],{"class":71},[53,101526,9176],{"class":67},[53,101528,101529],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101530,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101534,115],{"class":114},[53,101536,102],{"class":67},[53,101538,183],{"class":98},[53,101540,95],{"class":67},[53,101542,2690],{"class":98},[53,101544,102],{"class":67},[53,101546,1453],{"class":98},[53,101548,75],{"class":67},[53,101550,9549],{"class":98},[53,101552,1907],{"class":67},[14,101554,328],{},[44,101556,101558],{"className":46,"code":101557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101559,101560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101561,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101563,9145],{"class":67},[53,101565,72],{"class":71},[53,101567,75],{"class":67},[53,101569,83],{"class":71},[53,101571,75],{"class":67},[53,101573,1577],{"class":71},[53,101575,9176],{"class":67},[14,101577,101578,101579,101581],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101580,1901],{}," operator expression.",[44779,101583],{},[39,101585,1039],{"id":1038},[14,101587,21076,101588,95],{},[18,101589,100144],{},[830,101591,101593],{"id":101592},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101595,4502,101596,101598,101599,597],{},[23,101597,36],{}," change ",[18,101600,183],{},[44,101602,101604],{"className":46,"code":101603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101605,101606,101626,101638,101642,101656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101607,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101609,2432],{"class":59},[53,101611,64],{"class":63},[53,101613,679],{"class":67},[53,101615,72],{"class":71},[53,101617,75],{"class":67},[53,101619,78],{"class":71},[53,101621,75],{"class":67},[53,101623,83],{"class":71},[53,101625,9176],{"class":67},[53,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101629,2460],{"class":59},[53,101631,64],{"class":63},[53,101633,679],{"class":67},[53,101635,754],{"class":71},[53,101637,9176],{"class":67},[53,101639,101640],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101641,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101643,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101645,183],{"class":59},[53,101647,95],{"class":67},[53,101649,2690],{"class":98},[53,101651,102],{"class":67},[53,101653,1453],{"class":98},[53,101655,108],{"class":67},[53,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101659,115],{"class":114},[53,101661,102],{"class":67},[53,101663,183],{"class":98},[53,101665,108],{"class":67},[14,101667,328],{},[44,101669,101670],{"className":46,"code":96337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,101671,101672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101675,9145],{"class":67},[53,101677,72],{"class":71},[53,101679,75],{"class":67},[53,101681,78],{"class":71},[53,101683,75],{"class":67},[53,101685,83],{"class":71},[53,101687,9176],{"class":67},[14,101689,101690],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[44,101692,101694],{"className":46,"code":101693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101695,101696,101716,101728,101732,101750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101697,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101699,2432],{"class":59},[53,101701,64],{"class":63},[53,101703,679],{"class":67},[53,101705,72],{"class":71},[53,101707,75],{"class":67},[53,101709,78],{"class":71},[53,101711,75],{"class":67},[53,101713,83],{"class":71},[53,101715,9176],{"class":67},[53,101717,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101719,2460],{"class":59},[53,101721,64],{"class":63},[53,101723,679],{"class":67},[53,101725,754],{"class":71},[53,101727,9176],{"class":67},[53,101729,101730],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101731,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101733,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101735,2432],{"class":59},[53,101737,64],{"class":63},[53,101739,56612],{"class":59},[53,101741,95],{"class":67},[53,101743,2690],{"class":98},[53,101745,102],{"class":67},[53,101747,1453],{"class":98},[53,101749,108],{"class":67},[53,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101753,115],{"class":114},[53,101755,102],{"class":67},[53,101757,183],{"class":98},[53,101759,108],{"class":67},[14,101761,328],{},[44,101763,101764],{"className":46,"code":100237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,101765,101766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101767,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101769,9145],{"class":67},[53,101771,72],{"class":71},[53,101773,75],{"class":67},[53,101775,78],{"class":71},[53,101777,9176],{"class":67},[830,101779,101781],{"id":101780},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101783,101784,101787],{},[18,101785,101786],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[140,101789,101790,101795],{},[143,101791,101792,101793],{},"keep items from ",[18,101794,183],{},[143,101796,101797,101798],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,101799,1453],{},[14,101801,40768,101802,101804,101805,101807],{},[23,101803,36],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,101806,1453],{},"”.",[14,101809,235],{},[44,101811,101813],{"className":46,"code":101812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,101814,101815,101835,101855,101859,101877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101818,2432],{"class":59},[53,101820,64],{"class":63},[53,101822,679],{"class":67},[53,101824,72],{"class":71},[53,101826,75],{"class":67},[53,101828,78],{"class":71},[53,101830,75],{"class":67},[53,101832,83],{"class":71},[53,101834,9176],{"class":67},[53,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101838,2460],{"class":59},[53,101840,64],{"class":63},[53,101842,679],{"class":67},[53,101844,754],{"class":71},[53,101846,75],{"class":67},[53,101848,759],{"class":71},[53,101850,75],{"class":67},[53,101852,1577],{"class":71},[53,101854,9176],{"class":67},[53,101856,101857],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101858,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101860,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101862,115],{"class":114},[53,101864,102],{"class":67},[53,101866,183],{"class":98},[53,101868,95],{"class":67},[53,101870,2690],{"class":98},[53,101872,102],{"class":67},[53,101874,1453],{"class":98},[53,101876,1907],{"class":67},[53,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,101880,115],{"class":114},[53,101882,102],{"class":67},[53,101884,1453],{"class":98},[53,101886,95],{"class":67},[53,101888,2690],{"class":98},[53,101890,102],{"class":67},[53,101892,183],{"class":98},[53,101894,1907],{"class":67},[14,101896,328],{},[44,101898,101900],{"className":46,"code":101899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,101901,101902,101914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101905,9145],{"class":67},[53,101907,72],{"class":71},[53,101909,75],{"class":67},[53,101911,78],{"class":71},[53,101913,9176],{"class":67},[53,101915,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101917,9145],{"class":67},[53,101919,105],{"class":71},[53,101921,75],{"class":67},[53,101923,1577],{"class":71},[53,101925,9176],{"class":67},[14,101927,101928],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[830,101930,101932],{"id":101931},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101934,101935,101937],{},[18,101936,100144],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101939,55043],{},[44,101941,101943],{"className":46,"code":101942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,101944,101945,101965,101981,101985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101946,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101948,2432],{"class":59},[53,101950,64],{"class":63},[53,101952,68],{"class":67},[53,101954,72],{"class":71},[53,101956,75],{"class":67},[53,101958,78],{"class":71},[53,101960,75],{"class":67},[53,101962,83],{"class":71},[53,101964,86],{"class":67},[53,101966,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,101968,2460],{"class":59},[53,101970,64],{"class":63},[53,101972,68],{"class":67},[53,101974,754],{"class":71},[53,101976,75],{"class":67},[53,101978,759],{"class":71},[53,101980,86],{"class":67},[53,101982,101983],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,101984,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,101986,101987],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,101988,101989],{"class":127},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,101991,101992],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[44,101994,101996],{"className":46,"code":101995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,101997,101998,102018,102034,102038,102064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102001,2432],{"class":59},[53,102003,64],{"class":63},[53,102005,68],{"class":67},[53,102007,72],{"class":71},[53,102009,75],{"class":67},[53,102011,78],{"class":71},[53,102013,75],{"class":67},[53,102015,83],{"class":71},[53,102017,86],{"class":67},[53,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102021,2460],{"class":59},[53,102023,64],{"class":63},[53,102025,68],{"class":67},[53,102027,754],{"class":71},[53,102029,75],{"class":67},[53,102031,759],{"class":71},[53,102033,86],{"class":67},[53,102035,102036],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102037,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,102041,276],{"class":59},[53,102043,64],{"class":63},[53,102045,15497],{"class":2782},[53,102047,102],{"class":67},[53,102049,183],{"class":98},[53,102051,8498],{"class":67},[53,102053,2690],{"class":98},[53,102055,102],{"class":67},[53,102057,6159],{"class":2782},[53,102059,102],{"class":67},[53,102061,1453],{"class":98},[53,102063,1907],{"class":67},[53,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,102067,115],{"class":114},[53,102069,102],{"class":67},[53,102071,323],{"class":98},[53,102073,108],{"class":67},[14,102075,328],{},[44,102077,102078],{"className":46,"code":100237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,102079,102080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102083,9145],{"class":67},[53,102085,72],{"class":71},[53,102087,75],{"class":67},[53,102089,78],{"class":71},[53,102091,9176],{"class":67},[830,102093,102095],{"id":102094},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102097,102098],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[44,102100,102102],{"className":46,"code":102101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102103,102104,102136,102152,102156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102107,2432],{"class":59},[53,102109,64],{"class":63},[53,102111,679],{"class":67},[53,102113,253],{"class":252},[53,102115,36909],{"class":256},[53,102117,253],{"class":252},[53,102119,75],{"class":67},[53,102121,264],{"class":252},[53,102123,57852],{"class":256},[53,102125,253],{"class":252},[53,102127,75],{"class":67},[53,102129,264],{"class":252},[53,102131,57869],{"class":256},[53,102133,253],{"class":252},[53,102135,9176],{"class":67},[53,102137,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102139,2460],{"class":59},[53,102141,64],{"class":63},[53,102143,679],{"class":67},[53,102145,253],{"class":252},[53,102147,57852],{"class":256},[53,102149,253],{"class":252},[53,102151,9176],{"class":67},[53,102153,102154],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102155,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,102159,115],{"class":114},[53,102161,102],{"class":67},[53,102163,183],{"class":98},[53,102165,95],{"class":67},[53,102167,2690],{"class":98},[53,102169,102],{"class":67},[53,102171,1453],{"class":98},[53,102173,1907],{"class":67},[14,102175,102176],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[830,102178,102180],{"id":102179},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102182,102183],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[44,102185,102187],{"className":46,"code":102186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102188,102189,102217,102229,102233,102243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102190,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102192,2432],{"class":59},[53,102194,64],{"class":63},[53,102196,679],{"class":67},[53,102198,72],{"class":71},[53,102200,75],{"class":67},[53,102202,5371],{"class":71},[53,102204,75],{"class":67},[53,102206,78],{"class":71},[53,102208,75],{"class":67},[53,102210,78],{"class":71},[53,102212,75],{"class":67},[53,102214,83],{"class":71},[53,102216,9176],{"class":67},[53,102218,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102220,2460],{"class":59},[53,102222,64],{"class":63},[53,102224,679],{"class":67},[53,102226,754],{"class":71},[53,102228,9176],{"class":67},[53,102230,102231],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102232,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102234,102235,102237,102239,102241],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,102236,115],{"class":114},[53,102238,102],{"class":67},[53,102240,183],{"class":98},[53,102242,108],{"class":67},[53,102244,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,102246,115],{"class":114},[53,102248,102],{"class":67},[53,102250,183],{"class":98},[53,102252,95],{"class":67},[53,102254,2690],{"class":98},[53,102256,102],{"class":67},[53,102258,1453],{"class":98},[53,102260,1907],{"class":67},[14,102262,328],{},[44,102264,102266],{"className":46,"code":102265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102267,102268,102284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102269,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102271,9145],{"class":67},[53,102273,72],{"class":71},[53,102275,75],{"class":67},[53,102277,78],{"class":71},[53,102279,75],{"class":67},[53,102281,83],{"class":71},[53,102283,9176],{"class":67},[53,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102287,9145],{"class":67},[53,102289,72],{"class":71},[53,102291,75],{"class":67},[53,102293,78],{"class":71},[53,102295,9176],{"class":67},[14,102297,102298,102299,102301],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102300,100144],{}," runs.",[830,102303,102305],{"id":102304},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102307,102308],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[44,102310,102312],{"className":46,"code":102311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102313,102314,102338,102358,102362,102372,102382,102400,102422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102315,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102317,2432],{"class":59},[53,102319,64],{"class":63},[53,102321,679],{"class":67},[53,102323,72],{"class":71},[53,102325,75],{"class":67},[53,102327,78],{"class":71},[53,102329,75],{"class":67},[53,102331,83],{"class":71},[53,102333,75],{"class":67},[53,102335,759],{"class":71},[53,102337,9176],{"class":67},[53,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102341,2460],{"class":59},[53,102343,64],{"class":63},[53,102345,679],{"class":67},[53,102347,754],{"class":71},[53,102349,75],{"class":67},[53,102351,759],{"class":71},[53,102353,75],{"class":67},[53,102355,1577],{"class":71},[53,102357,9176],{"class":67},[53,102359,102360],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102361,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102363,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,102365,115],{"class":114},[53,102367,102],{"class":67},[53,102369,183],{"class":98},[53,102371,108],{"class":67},[53,102373,102374,102376,102378,102380],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,102375,115],{"class":114},[53,102377,102],{"class":67},[53,102379,1453],{"class":98},[53,102381,108],{"class":67},[53,102383,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,102385,115],{"class":114},[53,102387,102],{"class":67},[53,102389,183],{"class":98},[53,102391,95],{"class":67},[53,102393,2690],{"class":98},[53,102395,102],{"class":67},[53,102397,1453],{"class":98},[53,102399,1907],{"class":67},[53,102401,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,102403,115],{"class":114},[53,102405,102],{"class":67},[53,102407,3102],{"class":2782},[53,102409,102],{"class":67},[53,102411,183],{"class":98},[53,102413,95],{"class":67},[53,102415,2690],{"class":98},[53,102417,102],{"class":67},[53,102419,1453],{"class":98},[53,102421,2793],{"class":67},[53,102423,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,102425,115],{"class":114},[53,102427,102],{"class":67},[53,102429,11029],{"class":114},[53,102431,102],{"class":67},[53,102433,183],{"class":98},[53,102435,95],{"class":67},[53,102437,2690],{"class":98},[53,102439,102],{"class":67},[53,102441,1453],{"class":98},[53,102443,2793],{"class":67},[14,102445,11038],{},[140,102447,102448,102451,102454,102457],{},[143,102449,102450],{},"what is in each set",[143,102452,102453],{},"what result Python creates",[143,102455,102456],{},"that the result is a set",[143,102458,102459],{},"how many items remain",[44779,102461],{},[39,102463,1650],{"id":1649},[830,102465,12570,102467,102469],{"id":102466},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102468,100144],{}," change the original set?",[14,102471,102472],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[830,102474,5055,102476,4269,102478,2370],{"id":102475},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102477,100144],{},[18,102479,101055],{},[14,102481,102482,102484,102485,102487],{},[18,102483,100144],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102486,101055],{}," modifies the original set.",[830,102489,28194,102491,102493],{"id":102490},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102492,100144],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102495,102496],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[830,102498,102500],{"id":102499},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102502,102503],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44779,102505],{},[39,102507,1782],{"id":1781},[140,102509,102510,102514,102522],{},[143,102511,102512],{},[183,102513,96058],{"href":97229},[143,102515,102516],{},[183,102517,96544,102519,10608],{"href":102518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102520,102521],{},"intersection()",[143,102523,102524],{},[183,102525,96544,102527,10608],{"href":102526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102528,102529],{},"union()",[1810,102531,102532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":102534},[102535,102536,102538,102539,102540,102541,102543,102548,102550,102558,102567],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":100266,"depth":89,"text":102537},"What difference() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":100885,"depth":89,"text":102542},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101050,"depth":89,"text":102544,"children":102545},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102546,102547],{"id":2690,"depth":111,"text":100144},{"id":101203,"depth":111,"text":101055},{"id":101322,"depth":89,"text":102549},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":102551},[102552,102553,102554,102555,102556,102557],{"id":101592,"depth":111,"text":101593},{"id":101780,"depth":111,"text":101781},{"id":101931,"depth":111,"text":101932},{"id":102094,"depth":111,"text":102095},{"id":102179,"depth":111,"text":102180},{"id":102304,"depth":111,"text":102305},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":102559},[102560,102562,102564,102566],{"id":102466,"depth":111,"text":102561},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102475,"depth":111,"text":102563},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102490,"depth":111,"text":102565},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102499,"depth":111,"text":102500},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100136,"description":102568},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102575,"title":102576,"body":102577,"description":104272,"extension":1841,"meta":104273,"navigation":301,"path":104274,"seo":104275,"stem":104276,"__hash__":104277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102578,"toc":104234},[102579,102585,102591,102604,102606,102707,102709,102754,102759,102764,102768,102782,102785,102793,102795,102814,102832,102836,102889,102891,102912,102919,102924,102951,102958,103057,103059,103096,103104,103108,103114,103117,103190,103192,103200,103205,103274,103276,103301,103303,103306,103409,103411,103472,103475,103479,103485,103558,103560,103593,103596,103599,103639,103645,103668,103673,103677,103688,103691,103693,103697,103703,103705,103762,103772,103774,103827,103834,103839,103907,103915,103921,103925,103927,103966,103971,104020,104024,104027,104029,104068,104071,104073,104078,104135,104137,104151,104153,104157,104163,104168,104173,104180,104191,104197,104202,104204,104231],[10,102580,95930,102582,11190],{"id":102581},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102583,102584],{},"discard()",[14,102586,102587,102590],{},[18,102588,102589],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102592,102593,102594,2072,102599,13916,102601,102603],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[183,102595,102596],{"href":97939},[18,102597,102598],{},"set.remove()",[18,102600,102584],{},[23,102602,36],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[39,102605,1882],{"id":1881},[44,102607,102609],{"className":46,"code":102608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102610,102611,102643,102662,102672,102676,102697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102612,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102614,398],{"class":59},[53,102616,64],{"class":63},[53,102618,679],{"class":67},[53,102620,253],{"class":252},[53,102622,407],{"class":256},[53,102624,253],{"class":252},[53,102626,75],{"class":67},[53,102628,264],{"class":252},[53,102630,416],{"class":256},[53,102632,253],{"class":252},[53,102634,75],{"class":67},[53,102636,264],{"class":252},[53,102638,436],{"class":256},[53,102640,253],{"class":252},[53,102642,9176],{"class":67},[53,102644,102645,102647,102649,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102646,425],{"class":59},[53,102648,95],{"class":67},[53,102650,102651],{"class":98},"discard",[53,102653,102],{"class":67},[53,102655,253],{"class":252},[53,102657,416],{"class":256},[53,102659,253],{"class":252},[53,102661,108],{"class":67},[53,102663,102664,102666,102668,102670],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102665,115],{"class":114},[53,102667,102],{"class":67},[53,102669,425],{"class":98},[53,102671,108],{"class":67},[53,102673,102674],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,102675,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102677,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,102679,425],{"class":59},[53,102681,95],{"class":67},[53,102683,102651],{"class":98},[53,102685,102],{"class":67},[53,102687,253],{"class":252},[53,102689,22389],{"class":256},[53,102691,253],{"class":252},[53,102693,3539],{"class":67},[53,102695,102696],{"class":127},"  # no error if missing\n",[53,102698,102699,102701,102703,102705],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,102700,115],{"class":114},[53,102702,102],{"class":67},[53,102704,425],{"class":98},[53,102706,108],{"class":67},[14,102708,29896],{},[44,102710,102712],{"className":46,"code":102711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102713,102714,102734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102715,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102717,9145],{"class":67},[53,102719,341],{"class":252},[53,102721,407],{"class":256},[53,102723,341],{"class":252},[53,102725,75],{"class":67},[53,102727,350],{"class":252},[53,102729,436],{"class":256},[53,102731,341],{"class":252},[53,102733,9176],{"class":67},[53,102735,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102737,9145],{"class":67},[53,102739,341],{"class":252},[53,102741,407],{"class":256},[53,102743,341],{"class":252},[53,102745,75],{"class":67},[53,102747,350],{"class":252},[53,102749,436],{"class":256},[53,102751,341],{"class":252},[53,102753,9176],{"class":67},[14,102755,131,102756,102758],{},[18,102757,102584],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[39,102760,3556,102762,3559],{"id":102761},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102763,102589],{},[14,102765,102766,597],{},[18,102767,102584],{},[140,102769,102770,102773,102776,102778],{},[143,102771,102772],{},"Removes one item from a set",[143,102774,102775],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[143,102777,96045],{},[143,102779,11292,102780],{},[18,102781,232],{},[14,102783,102784],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102786,96054,102787,2758,102790,95],{},[183,102788,102789],{"href":98521},"what a set is in Python",[183,102791,102792],{"href":97613},"how to create a set",[39,102794,2039],{"id":2038},[44,102796,102798],{"className":46,"code":102797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,102799,102800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102801,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102803,15530],{"class":59},[53,102805,95],{"class":67},[53,102807,102651],{"class":98},[53,102809,102],{"class":67},[53,102811,2350],{"class":98},[53,102813,108],{"class":67},[140,102815,102816,102821,102826,102829],{},[143,102817,102818,102820],{},[18,102819,15530],{}," is the set you want to change",[143,102822,102823,102825],{},[18,102824,2350],{}," is the item you want to remove",[143,102827,102828],{},"The set must already exist",[143,102830,102831],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[830,102833,102835],{"id":102834},"example","Example",[44,102837,102839],{"className":46,"code":102838,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,102840,102841,102865,102879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102842,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102844,60],{"class":59},[53,102846,64],{"class":63},[53,102848,679],{"class":67},[53,102850,72],{"class":71},[53,102852,75],{"class":67},[53,102854,78],{"class":71},[53,102856,75],{"class":67},[53,102858,83],{"class":71},[53,102860,75],{"class":67},[53,102862,759],{"class":71},[53,102864,9176],{"class":67},[53,102866,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102868,92],{"class":59},[53,102870,95],{"class":67},[53,102872,102651],{"class":98},[53,102874,102],{"class":67},[53,102876,754],{"class":71},[53,102878,108],{"class":67},[53,102880,102881,102883,102885,102887],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102882,115],{"class":114},[53,102884,102],{"class":67},[53,102886,92],{"class":98},[53,102888,108],{"class":67},[14,102890,328],{},[44,102892,102894],{"className":46,"code":102893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,102895,102896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102897,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102899,9145],{"class":67},[53,102901,72],{"class":71},[53,102903,75],{"class":67},[53,102905,78],{"class":71},[53,102907,75],{"class":67},[53,102909,759],{"class":71},[53,102911,9176],{"class":67},[39,102913,102915,102916,102918],{"id":102914},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,102917,102584],{}," different",[14,102920,102921,102923],{},[18,102922,102584],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[140,102925,102926,102939,102948],{},[143,102927,102928,102929,2072,102933,102935,102936,102938],{},"Unlike ",[183,102930,102931],{"href":97939},[18,102932,55253],{},[18,102934,102584],{}," does not raise ",[18,102937,19551],{}," when the item is missing",[143,102940,102928,102941,2072,102945,102947],{},[183,102942,102943],{"href":97944},[18,102944,12629],{},[18,102946,102584],{}," removes a specific item",[143,102949,102950],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[830,102952,102954,10452,102956],{"id":102953},"discard-vs-remove",[18,102955,102584],{},[18,102957,55253],{},[44,102959,102961],{"className":46,"code":102960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,102962,102963,102987,102991,103012,103022,103026,103047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102964,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102966,516],{"class":59},[53,102968,64],{"class":63},[53,102970,679],{"class":67},[53,102972,253],{"class":252},[53,102974,257],{"class":256},[53,102976,253],{"class":252},[53,102978,75],{"class":67},[53,102980,264],{"class":252},[53,102982,267],{"class":256},[53,102984,253],{"class":252},[53,102986,9176],{"class":67},[53,102988,102989],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,102990,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,102992,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,102994,530],{"class":59},[53,102996,95],{"class":67},[53,102998,102651],{"class":98},[53,103000,102],{"class":67},[53,103002,253],{"class":252},[53,103004,292],{"class":256},[53,103006,253],{"class":252},[53,103008,3539],{"class":67},[53,103010,103011],{"class":127},"   # no error\n",[53,103013,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103015,115],{"class":114},[53,103017,102],{"class":67},[53,103019,530],{"class":98},[53,103021,108],{"class":67},[53,103023,103024],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,103025,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103027,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,103029,530],{"class":59},[53,103031,95],{"class":67},[53,103033,34658],{"class":98},[53,103035,102],{"class":67},[53,103037,253],{"class":252},[53,103039,267],{"class":256},[53,103041,253],{"class":252},[53,103043,3539],{"class":67},[53,103045,103046],{"class":127},"    # removes existing item\n",[53,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,103050,115],{"class":114},[53,103052,102],{"class":67},[53,103054,530],{"class":98},[53,103056,108],{"class":67},[14,103058,328],{},[44,103060,103062],{"className":46,"code":103061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103063,103064,103084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103065,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103067,9145],{"class":67},[53,103069,341],{"class":252},[53,103071,257],{"class":256},[53,103073,341],{"class":252},[53,103075,75],{"class":67},[53,103077,350],{"class":252},[53,103079,267],{"class":256},[53,103081,341],{"class":252},[53,103083,9176],{"class":67},[53,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103087,9145],{"class":67},[53,103089,341],{"class":252},[53,103091,257],{"class":256},[53,103093,341],{"class":252},[53,103095,9176],{"class":67},[14,103097,40206,103098,103100,103101,103103],{},[18,103099,55253],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[183,103102,10942],{"href":10941}," for more help with that case.",[39,103105,103107],{"id":103106},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103109,103110,1129,103112,95],{},[18,103111,102584],{},[18,103113,232],{},[14,103115,103116],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[44,103118,103120],{"className":46,"code":103119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103121,103122,103154,103176,103180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103123,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103125,398],{"class":59},[53,103127,64],{"class":63},[53,103129,679],{"class":67},[53,103131,253],{"class":252},[53,103133,407],{"class":256},[53,103135,253],{"class":252},[53,103137,75],{"class":67},[53,103139,264],{"class":252},[53,103141,416],{"class":256},[53,103143,253],{"class":252},[53,103145,75],{"class":67},[53,103147,264],{"class":252},[53,103149,436],{"class":256},[53,103151,253],{"class":252},[53,103153,9176],{"class":67},[53,103155,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103157,276],{"class":59},[53,103159,64],{"class":63},[53,103161,12988],{"class":59},[53,103163,95],{"class":67},[53,103165,102651],{"class":98},[53,103167,102],{"class":67},[53,103169,253],{"class":252},[53,103171,416],{"class":256},[53,103173,253],{"class":252},[53,103175,108],{"class":67},[53,103177,103178],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103179,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103181,103182,103184,103186,103188],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103183,115],{"class":114},[53,103185,102],{"class":67},[53,103187,323],{"class":98},[53,103189,108],{"class":67},[14,103191,328],{},[44,103193,103194],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,103195,103196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103197,103198],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103199,370],{"class":369},[14,103201,103202,103203,597],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103204,425],{},[44,103206,103208],{"className":46,"code":103207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103209,103210,103242,103260,103264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103211,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103213,398],{"class":59},[53,103215,64],{"class":63},[53,103217,679],{"class":67},[53,103219,253],{"class":252},[53,103221,407],{"class":256},[53,103223,253],{"class":252},[53,103225,75],{"class":67},[53,103227,264],{"class":252},[53,103229,416],{"class":256},[53,103231,253],{"class":252},[53,103233,75],{"class":67},[53,103235,264],{"class":252},[53,103237,436],{"class":256},[53,103239,253],{"class":252},[53,103241,9176],{"class":67},[53,103243,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103245,425],{"class":59},[53,103247,95],{"class":67},[53,103249,102651],{"class":98},[53,103251,102],{"class":67},[53,103253,253],{"class":252},[53,103255,416],{"class":256},[53,103257,253],{"class":252},[53,103259,108],{"class":67},[53,103261,103262],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103263,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103265,103266,103268,103270,103272],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103267,115],{"class":114},[53,103269,102],{"class":67},[53,103271,425],{"class":98},[53,103273,108],{"class":67},[14,103275,328],{},[44,103277,103279],{"className":46,"code":103278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103280,103281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103282,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103284,9145],{"class":67},[53,103286,341],{"class":252},[53,103288,407],{"class":256},[53,103290,341],{"class":252},[53,103292,75],{"class":67},[53,103294,350],{"class":252},[53,103296,436],{"class":256},[53,103298,341],{"class":252},[53,103300,9176],{"class":67},[39,103302,385],{"id":384},[14,103304,103305],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[44,103307,103309],{"className":46,"code":103308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103310,103311,103343,103347,103365,103369,103387,103391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103312,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103314,245],{"class":59},[53,103316,64],{"class":63},[53,103318,679],{"class":67},[53,103320,253],{"class":252},[53,103322,257],{"class":256},[53,103324,253],{"class":252},[53,103326,75],{"class":67},[53,103328,264],{"class":252},[53,103330,267],{"class":256},[53,103332,253],{"class":252},[53,103334,75],{"class":67},[53,103336,264],{"class":252},[53,103338,292],{"class":256},[53,103340,253],{"class":252},[53,103342,9176],{"class":67},[53,103344,103345],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103346,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103348,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103350,115],{"class":114},[53,103352,102],{"class":67},[53,103354,253],{"class":252},[53,103356,11431],{"class":256},[53,103358,253],{"class":252},[53,103360,75],{"class":67},[53,103362,281],{"class":98},[53,103364,108],{"class":67},[53,103366,103367],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103368,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103370,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,103372,311],{"class":59},[53,103374,95],{"class":67},[53,103376,102651],{"class":98},[53,103378,102],{"class":67},[53,103380,253],{"class":252},[53,103382,267],{"class":256},[53,103384,253],{"class":252},[53,103386,108],{"class":67},[53,103388,103389],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,103390,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103392,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,103394,115],{"class":114},[53,103396,102],{"class":67},[53,103398,253],{"class":252},[53,103400,11471],{"class":256},[53,103402,253],{"class":252},[53,103404,75],{"class":67},[53,103406,281],{"class":98},[53,103408,108],{"class":67},[14,103410,328],{},[44,103412,103414],{"className":46,"code":103413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103415,103416,103448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103417,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103419,11491],{"class":59},[53,103421,597],{"class":67},[53,103423,679],{"class":67},[53,103425,341],{"class":252},[53,103427,267],{"class":256},[53,103429,341],{"class":252},[53,103431,75],{"class":67},[53,103433,350],{"class":252},[53,103435,257],{"class":256},[53,103437,341],{"class":252},[53,103439,75],{"class":67},[53,103441,350],{"class":252},[53,103443,292],{"class":256},[53,103445,341],{"class":252},[53,103447,9176],{"class":67},[53,103449,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103451,11544],{"class":59},[53,103453,597],{"class":67},[53,103455,679],{"class":67},[53,103457,341],{"class":252},[53,103459,257],{"class":256},[53,103461,341],{"class":252},[53,103463,75],{"class":67},[53,103465,350],{"class":252},[53,103467,292],{"class":256},[53,103469,341],{"class":252},[53,103471,9176],{"class":67},[14,103473,103474],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[39,103476,103478],{"id":103477},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103480,103481,103482,103484],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103483,102584],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[44,103486,103488],{"className":46,"code":103487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103489,103490,103522,103526,103544,103548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103491,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103493,245],{"class":59},[53,103495,64],{"class":63},[53,103497,679],{"class":67},[53,103499,253],{"class":252},[53,103501,257],{"class":256},[53,103503,253],{"class":252},[53,103505,75],{"class":67},[53,103507,264],{"class":252},[53,103509,267],{"class":256},[53,103511,253],{"class":252},[53,103513,75],{"class":67},[53,103515,264],{"class":252},[53,103517,292],{"class":256},[53,103519,253],{"class":252},[53,103521,9176],{"class":67},[53,103523,103524],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103525,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103527,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103529,311],{"class":59},[53,103531,95],{"class":67},[53,103533,102651],{"class":98},[53,103535,102],{"class":67},[53,103537,253],{"class":252},[53,103539,22398],{"class":256},[53,103541,253],{"class":252},[53,103543,108],{"class":67},[53,103545,103546],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103547,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103549,103550,103552,103554,103556],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,103551,115],{"class":114},[53,103553,102],{"class":67},[53,103555,311],{"class":98},[53,103557,108],{"class":67},[14,103559,328],{},[44,103561,103563],{"className":46,"code":103562,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103564,103565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103568,9145],{"class":67},[53,103570,341],{"class":252},[53,103572,267],{"class":256},[53,103574,341],{"class":252},[53,103576,75],{"class":67},[53,103578,350],{"class":252},[53,103580,257],{"class":256},[53,103582,341],{"class":252},[53,103584,75],{"class":67},[53,103586,350],{"class":252},[53,103588,292],{"class":256},[53,103590,341],{"class":252},[53,103592,9176],{"class":67},[14,103594,103595],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103597,103598],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[44,103600,103602],{"className":46,"code":103601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103603,103604,103620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103607,6867],{"class":1558},[53,103609,264],{"class":252},[53,103611,22398],{"class":256},[53,103613,253],{"class":252},[53,103615,21038],{"class":63},[53,103617,281],{"class":59},[53,103619,6265],{"class":67},[53,103621,103622,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103623,103624],{"class":59},"    fruits",[53,103626,95],{"class":67},[53,103628,34658],{"class":98},[53,103630,102],{"class":67},[53,103632,253],{"class":252},[53,103634,22398],{"class":256},[53,103636,253],{"class":252},[53,103638,108],{"class":67},[14,103640,103641,103642,103644],{},"With ",[18,103643,102584],{},", you can simply write:",[44,103646,103648],{"className":46,"code":103647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103649,103650],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103651,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103653,311],{"class":59},[53,103655,95],{"class":67},[53,103657,102651],{"class":98},[53,103659,102],{"class":67},[53,103661,253],{"class":252},[53,103663,22398],{"class":256},[53,103665,253],{"class":252},[53,103667,108],{"class":67},[39,103669,4835,103671],{"id":103670},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103672,102584],{},[14,103674,131,103675,10468],{},[18,103676,102584],{},[140,103678,103679,103682,103685],{},[143,103680,103681],{},"Missing values are normal",[143,103683,103684],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[143,103686,103687],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103689,103690],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[39,103692,2709],{"id":2708},[14,103694,8313,103695,95],{},[18,103696,102584],{},[830,103698,8319,103700,103702],{"id":103699},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103701,102584],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103704,4400],{},[44,103706,103708],{"className":46,"code":103707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103709,103710,103730,103748,103752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103713,60],{"class":59},[53,103715,64],{"class":63},[53,103717,679],{"class":67},[53,103719,72],{"class":71},[53,103721,75],{"class":67},[53,103723,78],{"class":71},[53,103725,75],{"class":67},[53,103727,83],{"class":71},[53,103729,9176],{"class":67},[53,103731,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103733,60],{"class":59},[53,103735,64],{"class":63},[53,103737,4138],{"class":59},[53,103739,95],{"class":67},[53,103741,102651],{"class":98},[53,103743,102],{"class":67},[53,103745,1937],{"class":71},[53,103747,108],{"class":67},[53,103749,103750],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103751,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103753,103754,103756,103758,103760],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103755,115],{"class":114},[53,103757,102],{"class":67},[53,103759,92],{"class":98},[53,103761,108],{"class":67},[14,103763,103764,717,103766,8468,103768,1129,103770,95],{},[18,103765,92],{},[18,103767,232],{},[18,103769,102584],{},[18,103771,232],{},[14,103773,18705],{},[44,103775,103777],{"className":46,"code":103776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103778,103779,103799,103813,103817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103782,60],{"class":59},[53,103784,64],{"class":63},[53,103786,679],{"class":67},[53,103788,72],{"class":71},[53,103790,75],{"class":67},[53,103792,78],{"class":71},[53,103794,75],{"class":67},[53,103796,83],{"class":71},[53,103798,9176],{"class":67},[53,103800,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103802,92],{"class":59},[53,103804,95],{"class":67},[53,103806,102651],{"class":98},[53,103808,102],{"class":67},[53,103810,1937],{"class":71},[53,103812,108],{"class":67},[53,103814,103815],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103816,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,103818,103819,103821,103823,103825],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,103820,115],{"class":114},[53,103822,102],{"class":67},[53,103824,92],{"class":98},[53,103826,108],{"class":67},[830,103828,37066,103830,8572,103832],{"id":103829},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,103831,102584],{},[18,103833,55253],{},[14,103835,103836,103837,95],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,103838,102584],{},[44,103840,103842],{"className":46,"code":103841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,103843,103844,103876,103897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103845,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103847,1411],{"class":59},[53,103849,64],{"class":63},[53,103851,679],{"class":67},[53,103853,253],{"class":252},[53,103855,183],{"class":256},[53,103857,253],{"class":252},[53,103859,75],{"class":67},[53,103861,264],{"class":252},[53,103863,1453],{"class":256},[53,103865,253],{"class":252},[53,103867,75],{"class":67},[53,103869,264],{"class":252},[53,103871,1428],{"class":256},[53,103873,253],{"class":252},[53,103875,9176],{"class":67},[53,103877,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103879,1437],{"class":59},[53,103881,95],{"class":67},[53,103883,102651],{"class":98},[53,103885,102],{"class":67},[53,103887,253],{"class":252},[53,103889,21942],{"class":256},[53,103891,253],{"class":252},[53,103893,3539],{"class":67},[53,103895,103896],{"class":127},"   # safe\n",[53,103898,103899,103901,103903,103905],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,103900,115],{"class":114},[53,103902,102],{"class":67},[53,103904,1437],{"class":98},[53,103906,108],{"class":67},[14,103908,103909,103910,45771,103913,95],{},"If you use ",[18,103911,103912],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,103914,19551],{},[830,103916,25482,103918,103920],{"id":103917},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,103919,102584],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103922,103923,101937],{},[18,103924,102584],{},[14,103926,16508],{},[44,103928,103930],{"className":46,"code":103929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,103931,103932,103952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103933,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103935,516],{"class":59},[53,103937,64],{"class":63},[53,103939,68],{"class":67},[53,103941,72],{"class":71},[53,103943,75],{"class":67},[53,103945,78],{"class":71},[53,103947,75],{"class":67},[53,103949,83],{"class":71},[53,103951,86],{"class":67},[53,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103955,530],{"class":59},[53,103957,95],{"class":67},[53,103959,102651],{"class":98},[53,103961,102],{"class":67},[53,103963,1937],{"class":71},[53,103965,108],{"class":67},[14,103967,103968,103969,597],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,103970,102584],{},[44,103972,103974],{"className":46,"code":103973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,103975,103976,103996,104010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103977,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103979,516],{"class":59},[53,103981,64],{"class":63},[53,103983,679],{"class":67},[53,103985,72],{"class":71},[53,103987,75],{"class":67},[53,103989,78],{"class":71},[53,103991,75],{"class":67},[53,103993,83],{"class":71},[53,103995,9176],{"class":67},[53,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,103999,530],{"class":59},[53,104001,95],{"class":67},[53,104003,102651],{"class":98},[53,104005,102],{"class":67},[53,104007,1937],{"class":71},[53,104009,108],{"class":67},[53,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104013,115],{"class":114},[53,104015,102],{"class":67},[53,104017,530],{"class":98},[53,104019,108],{"class":67},[830,104021,104023],{"id":104022},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104025,104026],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104028,2716],{},[44,104030,104032],{"className":46,"code":104031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104033,104034,104054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104035,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104037,1692],{"class":59},[53,104039,64],{"class":63},[53,104041,679],{"class":67},[53,104043,72],{"class":71},[53,104045,75],{"class":67},[53,104047,78],{"class":71},[53,104049,75],{"class":67},[53,104051,83],{"class":71},[53,104053,9176],{"class":67},[53,104055,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104057,1709],{"class":59},[53,104059,95],{"class":67},[53,104061,102651],{"class":98},[53,104063,619],{"class":67},[53,104065,1937],{"class":71},[53,104067,632],{"class":67},[14,104069,104070],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[39,104072,8740],{"id":8739},[14,104074,8743,104075,104077],{},[18,104076,102584],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,104079,104081],{"className":46,"code":104080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104082,104083,104093,104107,104121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104084,104085,104087,104089,104091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104086,115],{"class":114},[53,104088,102],{"class":67},[53,104090,15530],{"class":98},[53,104092,108],{"class":67},[53,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104096,115],{"class":114},[53,104098,102],{"class":67},[53,104100,3102],{"class":2782},[53,104102,102],{"class":67},[53,104104,15530],{"class":98},[53,104106,1907],{"class":67},[53,104108,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104110,115],{"class":114},[53,104112,102],{"class":67},[53,104114,2325],{"class":98},[53,104116,1565],{"class":1558},[53,104118,96654],{"class":98},[53,104120,108],{"class":67},[53,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,104124,32016],{"class":114},[53,104126,102],{"class":67},[53,104128,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104130,95],{"class":67},[53,104132,102651],{"class":24615},[53,104134,108],{"class":67},[14,104136,11038],{},[140,104138,104139,104142,104145,104148],{},[143,104140,104141],{},"What is currently in the set",[143,104143,104144],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[143,104146,104147],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[143,104149,104150],{},"How Python documents the method",[39,104152,1650],{"id":1649},[830,104154,104156],{"id":104155},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104158,104159,104160,104162],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104161,102584],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[830,104164,5017,104166,12582],{"id":104165},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104167,102589],{},[14,104169,5023,104170,104172],{},[18,104171,232],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[830,104174,5055,104176,4269,104178,2370],{"id":104175},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104177,102584],{},[18,104179,55253],{},[14,104181,104182,104183,26403,104185,104187,104188,104190],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104184,55253],{},[18,104186,19551],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104189,102584],{}," does not.",[830,104192,28194,104194,104196],{"id":104193},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104195,102584],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104198,1657,104199,104201],{},[18,104200,102584],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[39,104203,1782],{"id":1781},[140,104205,104206,104212,104218,104223,104227],{},[143,104207,104208],{},[183,104209,96544,104210,10608],{"href":97939},[18,104211,55253],{},[143,104213,104214],{},[183,104215,96544,104216,10608],{"href":97944},[18,104217,12629],{},[143,104219,104220],{},[183,104221,104222],{"href":97613},"Python set: creating a set",[143,104224,104225],{},[183,104226,100079],{"href":98521},[143,104228,104229],{},[183,104230,11130],{"href":10941},[1810,104232,104233],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":104235},[104236,104237,104239,104242,104247,104248,104249,104250,104252,104261,104262,104271],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":102761,"depth":89,"text":104238},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":104240},[104241],{"id":102834,"depth":111,"text":102835},{"id":102914,"depth":89,"text":104243,"children":104244},"What makes discard() different",[104245],{"id":102953,"depth":111,"text":104246},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103106,"depth":89,"text":103107},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":103477,"depth":89,"text":103478},{"id":103670,"depth":89,"text":104251},"When to use discard()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":104253},[104254,104256,104258,104260],{"id":103699,"depth":111,"text":104255},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103829,"depth":111,"text":104257},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103917,"depth":111,"text":104259},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104022,"depth":111,"text":104023},{"id":8739,"depth":89,"text":8740},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":104263},[104264,104265,104267,104269],{"id":104155,"depth":111,"text":104156},{"id":104165,"depth":111,"text":104266},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104175,"depth":111,"text":104268},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104193,"depth":111,"text":104270},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102576,"description":104272},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104279,"title":104280,"body":104281,"description":106287,"extension":1841,"meta":106288,"navigation":301,"path":106289,"seo":106290,"stem":106291,"__hash__":106292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104282,"toc":106245},[104283,104286,104294,104299,104310,104312,104367,104371,104391,104396,104400,104405,104407,104421,104423,104498,104500,104533,104538,104543,104545,104547,104562,104565,104573,104578,104593,104595,104684,104686,104775,104781,104785,104787,104825,104827,104851,104854,104869,104871,104926,104928,104961,104963,104968,104972,104976,104981,105046,105048,105068,105074,105078,105135,105137,105158,105162,105167,105212,105214,105247,105250,105254,105287,105289,105318,105322,105326,105329,105331,105350,105352,105398,105403,105417,105419,105450,105455,105458,105502,105504,105532,105536,105540,105556,105559,105624,105626,105638,105641,105645,105648,105653,105681,105683,105701,105707,105746,105748,105766,105772,105801,105803,105821,105824,105841,105843,105848,105852,105855,105881,105888,105893,105908,105917,105921,105924,105955,105961,105964,105973,105976,105978,105980,106038,106041,106066,106068,106072,106075,106079,106087,106091,106094,106098,106101,106103,106126,106128,106169,106176,106184,106187,106218,106220,106242],[10,104284,104280],{"id":104285},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104287,8991,104288,104290,104291,95],{},[18,104289,3676],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[23,104292,104293],{},"unique values only",[14,104295,35270,104296,104298],{},[18,104297,3676],{}," to:",[140,104300,104301,104304,104307],{},[143,104302,104303],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[143,104305,104306],{},"check whether a value exists",[143,104308,104309],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[39,104311,1882],{"id":1881},[44,104313,104315],{"className":46,"code":104314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104316,104317,104341,104356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104318,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104320,60],{"class":59},[53,104322,64],{"class":63},[53,104324,68],{"class":67},[53,104326,72],{"class":71},[53,104328,75],{"class":67},[53,104330,78],{"class":71},[53,104332,75],{"class":67},[53,104334,78],{"class":71},[53,104336,75],{"class":67},[53,104338,83],{"class":71},[53,104340,86],{"class":67},[53,104342,104343,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104344,104345],{"class":59},"unique_numbers ",[53,104347,64],{"class":63},[53,104349,15497],{"class":2782},[53,104351,102],{"class":67},[53,104353,92],{"class":98},[53,104355,108],{"class":67},[53,104357,104358,104360,104362,104365],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104359,115],{"class":114},[53,104361,102],{"class":67},[53,104363,104364],{"class":98},"unique_numbers",[53,104366,108],{"class":67},[14,104368,104369],{},[23,104370,328],{},[44,104372,104373],{"className":46,"code":96337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,104374,104375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104378,9145],{"class":67},[53,104380,72],{"class":71},[53,104382,75],{"class":67},[53,104384,78],{"class":71},[53,104386,75],{"class":67},[53,104388,83],{"class":71},[53,104390,9176],{"class":67},[14,104392,131,104393,104395],{},[18,104394,3676],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[39,104397,104399],{"id":104398},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104401,104402,104404],{},[18,104403,3676],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104406,30406],{},[140,104408,104409,104412,104415,104418],{},[143,104410,104411],{},"A set stores unique items only",[143,104413,104414],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[143,104416,104417],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[143,104419,104420],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104422,235],{},[44,104424,104426],{"className":46,"code":104425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104427,104428,104468,104483,104487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104431,398],{"class":59},[53,104433,64],{"class":63},[53,104435,68],{"class":67},[53,104437,253],{"class":252},[53,104439,407],{"class":256},[53,104441,253],{"class":252},[53,104443,75],{"class":67},[53,104445,264],{"class":252},[53,104447,416],{"class":256},[53,104449,253],{"class":252},[53,104451,75],{"class":67},[53,104453,264],{"class":252},[53,104455,407],{"class":256},[53,104457,253],{"class":252},[53,104459,75],{"class":67},[53,104461,264],{"class":252},[53,104463,436],{"class":256},[53,104465,253],{"class":252},[53,104467,86],{"class":67},[53,104469,104470,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104471,104472],{"class":59},"unique_colors ",[53,104474,64],{"class":63},[53,104476,15497],{"class":2782},[53,104478,102],{"class":67},[53,104480,425],{"class":98},[53,104482,108],{"class":67},[53,104484,104485],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104486,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,104488,104489,104491,104493,104496],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,104490,115],{"class":114},[53,104492,102],{"class":67},[53,104494,104495],{"class":98},"unique_colors",[53,104497,108],{"class":67},[14,104499,29896],{},[44,104501,104503],{"className":46,"code":104502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104504,104505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104506,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104508,9145],{"class":67},[53,104510,341],{"class":252},[53,104512,416],{"class":256},[53,104514,341],{"class":252},[53,104516,75],{"class":67},[53,104518,350],{"class":252},[53,104520,436],{"class":256},[53,104522,341],{"class":252},[53,104524,75],{"class":67},[53,104526,350],{"class":252},[53,104528,407],{"class":256},[53,104530,341],{"class":252},[53,104532,9176],{"class":67},[14,104534,807,104535,104537],{},[18,104536,65119],{}," appears only once.",[14,104539,104540,104541,95],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[183,104542,96058],{"href":96057},[39,104544,2039],{"id":2038},[14,104546,2042],{},[44,104548,104550],{"className":46,"code":104549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104551,104552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104553,104554,104556,104558,104560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104555,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104557,102],{"class":67},[53,104559,3600],{"class":98},[53,104561,108],{"class":67},[14,104563,104564],{},"The argument is optional.",[140,104566,104567,104570],{},[143,104568,104569],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[143,104571,104572],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104574,104575,104576,597],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104577,3676],{},[140,104579,104580,104582,104584,104586,104590],{},[143,104581,7961],{},[143,104583,48816],{},[143,104585,60900],{},[143,104587,104588],{},[18,104589,36062],{},[143,104591,104592],{},"another set",[14,104594,2006],{},[44,104596,104598],{"className":46,"code":104597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104599,104600,104626,104648,104666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104601,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104603,115],{"class":114},[53,104605,102],{"class":67},[53,104607,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104609,619],{"class":67},[53,104611,72],{"class":71},[53,104613,75],{"class":67},[53,104615,78],{"class":71},[53,104617,75],{"class":67},[53,104619,78],{"class":71},[53,104621,75],{"class":67},[53,104623,83],{"class":71},[53,104625,2879],{"class":67},[53,104627,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104629,115],{"class":114},[53,104631,102],{"class":67},[53,104633,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104635,5384],{"class":67},[53,104637,539],{"class":71},[53,104639,75],{"class":67},[53,104641,7658],{"class":71},[53,104643,75],{"class":67},[53,104645,5876],{"class":71},[53,104647,2793],{"class":67},[53,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104651,115],{"class":114},[53,104653,102],{"class":67},[53,104655,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104657,102],{"class":67},[53,104659,253],{"class":252},[53,104661,556],{"class":256},[53,104663,253],{"class":252},[53,104665,1907],{"class":67},[53,104667,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,104669,115],{"class":114},[53,104671,102],{"class":67},[53,104673,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104675,102],{"class":67},[53,104677,59724],{"class":114},[53,104679,102],{"class":67},[53,104681,105],{"class":71},[53,104683,2793],{"class":67},[14,104685,29896],{},[44,104687,104689],{"className":46,"code":104688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104690,104691,104707,104719,104755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104692,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104694,9145],{"class":67},[53,104696,72],{"class":71},[53,104698,75],{"class":67},[53,104700,78],{"class":71},[53,104702,75],{"class":67},[53,104704,83],{"class":71},[53,104706,9176],{"class":67},[53,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104710,9145],{"class":67},[53,104712,539],{"class":71},[53,104714,75],{"class":67},[53,104716,7658],{"class":71},[53,104718,9176],{"class":67},[53,104720,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104722,9145],{"class":67},[53,104724,341],{"class":252},[53,104726,60164],{"class":256},[53,104728,341],{"class":252},[53,104730,75],{"class":67},[53,104732,350],{"class":252},[53,104734,60173],{"class":256},[53,104736,341],{"class":252},[53,104738,75],{"class":67},[53,104740,350],{"class":252},[53,104742,60182],{"class":256},[53,104744,341],{"class":252},[53,104746,75],{"class":67},[53,104748,350],{"class":252},[53,104750,60199],{"class":256},[53,104752,341],{"class":252},[53,104754,9176],{"class":67},[53,104756,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,104758,9145],{"class":67},[53,104760,2000],{"class":71},[53,104762,75],{"class":67},[53,104764,5371],{"class":71},[53,104766,75],{"class":67},[53,104768,78],{"class":71},[53,104770,75],{"class":67},[53,104772,83],{"class":71},[53,104774,9176],{"class":67},[14,104776,104777,104778,95],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[183,104779,104780],{"href":64574},"Python list() function explained",[39,104782,104784],{"id":104783},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104786,98010],{},[44,104788,104789],{"className":46,"code":98975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,104790,104791,104801,104811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104792,104793,104795,104797,104799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104794,98020],{"class":59},[53,104796,64],{"class":63},[53,104798,15497],{"class":2782},[53,104800,8510],{"class":67},[53,104802,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104804,115],{"class":114},[53,104806,102],{"class":67},[53,104808,98039],{"class":98},[53,104810,108],{"class":67},[53,104812,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104814,115],{"class":114},[53,104816,102],{"class":67},[53,104818,3102],{"class":2782},[53,104820,102],{"class":67},[53,104822,98039],{"class":98},[53,104824,1907],{"class":67},[14,104826,328],{},[44,104828,104829],{"className":46,"code":99018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,104830,104831,104837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104832,104833,104835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104834,6159],{"class":2782},[53,104836,8510],{"class":67},[53,104838,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104840,3171],{"class":63},[53,104842,3174],{"class":1945},[53,104844,350],{"class":252},[53,104846,6159],{"class":256},[53,104848,341],{"class":252},[53,104850,3183],{"class":63},[14,104852,104853],{},"This is important because:",[140,104855,104856,104861],{},[143,104857,104858,104860],{},[18,104859,3676],{}," creates an empty set",[143,104862,104863,104865,104866,104868],{},[18,104864,3671],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[23,104867,36],{}," a set",[14,104870,235],{},[44,104872,104874],{"className":46,"code":104873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,104875,104876,104886,104894,104898,104912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104877,104878,104880,104882,104884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104879,2432],{"class":59},[53,104881,64],{"class":63},[53,104883,15497],{"class":2782},[53,104885,8510],{"class":67},[53,104887,104888,104890,104892],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104889,2460],{"class":59},[53,104891,64],{"class":63},[53,104893,9705],{"class":67},[53,104895,104896],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,104897,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,104899,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,104901,115],{"class":114},[53,104903,102],{"class":67},[53,104905,3102],{"class":2782},[53,104907,102],{"class":67},[53,104909,183],{"class":98},[53,104911,1907],{"class":67},[53,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,104915,115],{"class":114},[53,104917,102],{"class":67},[53,104919,3102],{"class":2782},[53,104921,102],{"class":67},[53,104923,1453],{"class":98},[53,104925,1907],{"class":67},[14,104927,328],{},[44,104929,104931],{"className":46,"code":104930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,104932,104933,104947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104936,3171],{"class":63},[53,104938,3174],{"class":1945},[53,104940,350],{"class":252},[53,104942,6159],{"class":256},[53,104944,341],{"class":252},[53,104946,3183],{"class":63},[53,104948,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,104950,3171],{"class":63},[53,104952,3174],{"class":1945},[53,104954,350],{"class":252},[53,104956,8689],{"class":256},[53,104958,341],{"class":252},[53,104960,3183],{"class":63},[14,104962,13911],{},[14,104964,104965,104966,95],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[183,104967,104222],{"href":96061},[39,104969,104971],{"id":104970},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[830,104973,104975],{"id":104974},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104977,104978,104979,95],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,104980,3676],{},[44,104982,104984],{"className":46,"code":104983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104985,104986,105018,105032,105036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104989,60],{"class":59},[53,104991,64],{"class":63},[53,104993,68],{"class":67},[53,104995,72],{"class":71},[53,104997,75],{"class":67},[53,104999,78],{"class":71},[53,105001,75],{"class":67},[53,105003,78],{"class":71},[53,105005,75],{"class":67},[53,105007,83],{"class":71},[53,105009,75],{"class":67},[53,105011,83],{"class":71},[53,105013,75],{"class":67},[53,105015,83],{"class":71},[53,105017,86],{"class":67},[53,105019,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105021,276],{"class":59},[53,105023,64],{"class":63},[53,105025,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105027,102],{"class":67},[53,105029,92],{"class":98},[53,105031,108],{"class":67},[53,105033,105034],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,105035,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,105037,105038,105040,105042,105044],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,105039,115],{"class":114},[53,105041,102],{"class":67},[53,105043,323],{"class":98},[53,105045,108],{"class":67},[14,105047,328],{},[44,105049,105050],{"className":46,"code":96337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105051,105052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105053,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105055,9145],{"class":67},[53,105057,72],{"class":71},[53,105059,75],{"class":67},[53,105061,78],{"class":71},[53,105063,75],{"class":67},[53,105065,83],{"class":71},[53,105067,9176],{"class":67},[14,105069,105070,105071,95],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[183,105072,98808],{"href":105073},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[830,105075,105077],{"id":105076},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[44,105079,105081],{"className":46,"code":105080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105082,105083,105107,105121,105125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105084,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105086,3702],{"class":59},[53,105088,64],{"class":63},[53,105090,9103],{"class":67},[53,105092,2017],{"class":71},[53,105094,75],{"class":67},[53,105096,1577],{"class":71},[53,105098,75],{"class":67},[53,105100,5876],{"class":71},[53,105102,75],{"class":67},[53,105104,37799],{"class":71},[53,105106,108],{"class":67},[53,105108,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105110,276],{"class":59},[53,105112,64],{"class":63},[53,105114,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105116,102],{"class":67},[53,105118,5233],{"class":98},[53,105120,108],{"class":67},[53,105122,105123],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,105124,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,105128,115],{"class":114},[53,105130,102],{"class":67},[53,105132,323],{"class":98},[53,105134,108],{"class":67},[14,105136,328],{},[44,105138,105140],{"className":46,"code":105139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105141,105142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105145,9145],{"class":67},[53,105147,2017],{"class":71},[53,105149,75],{"class":67},[53,105151,5876],{"class":71},[53,105153,75],{"class":67},[53,105155,37799],{"class":71},[53,105157,9176],{"class":67},[830,105159,105161],{"id":105160},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105163,50990,105164,105166],{},[18,105165,3676],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[44,105168,105170],{"className":46,"code":105169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105171,105172,105184,105198,105202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105173,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105175,34551],{"class":59},[53,105177,64],{"class":63},[53,105179,264],{"class":252},[53,105181,267],{"class":256},[53,105183,3239],{"class":252},[53,105185,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105187,276],{"class":59},[53,105189,64],{"class":63},[53,105191,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105193,102],{"class":67},[53,105195,34572],{"class":98},[53,105197,108],{"class":67},[53,105199,105200],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,105201,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,105205,115],{"class":114},[53,105207,102],{"class":67},[53,105209,323],{"class":98},[53,105211,108],{"class":67},[14,105213,29896],{},[44,105215,105217],{"className":46,"code":105216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105218,105219],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105220,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105222,9145],{"class":67},[53,105224,341],{"class":252},[53,105226,1453],{"class":256},[53,105228,341],{"class":252},[53,105230,75],{"class":67},[53,105232,350],{"class":252},[53,105234,183],{"class":256},[53,105236,341],{"class":252},[53,105238,75],{"class":67},[53,105240,350],{"class":252},[53,105242,75757],{"class":256},[53,105244,341],{"class":252},[53,105246,9176],{"class":67},[14,105248,105249],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[830,105251,105253],{"id":105252},"from-range","From range()",[44,105255,105257],{"className":46,"code":105256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105258,105259,105277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105260,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105262,276],{"class":59},[53,105264,64],{"class":63},[53,105266,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105268,102],{"class":67},[53,105270,59724],{"class":114},[53,105272,102],{"class":67},[53,105274,2017],{"class":71},[53,105276,1907],{"class":67},[53,105278,105279,105281,105283,105285],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105280,115],{"class":114},[53,105282,102],{"class":67},[53,105284,323],{"class":98},[53,105286,108],{"class":67},[14,105288,328],{},[44,105290,105292],{"className":46,"code":105291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105293,105294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105295,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105297,9145],{"class":67},[53,105299,2000],{"class":71},[53,105301,75],{"class":67},[53,105303,5371],{"class":71},[53,105305,75],{"class":67},[53,105307,78],{"class":71},[53,105309,75],{"class":67},[53,105311,83],{"class":71},[53,105313,75],{"class":67},[53,105315,759],{"class":71},[53,105317,9176],{"class":67},[39,105319,105321],{"id":105320},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105323,99255,105324,95],{},[23,105325,96101],{},[14,105327,105328],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105330,99261],{},[140,105332,105333,105337,105341,105345],{},[143,105334,105335],{},[18,105336,2071],{},[143,105338,105339],{},[18,105340,3324],{},[143,105342,105343],{},[18,105344,2075],{},[143,105346,105347,105349],{},[18,105348,48816],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105351,235],{},[44,105353,105355],{"className":46,"code":105354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105356,105357,105388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105358,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105360,516],{"class":59},[53,105362,64],{"class":63},[53,105364,679],{"class":67},[53,105366,72],{"class":71},[53,105368,75],{"class":67},[53,105370,264],{"class":252},[53,105372,556],{"class":256},[53,105374,253],{"class":252},[53,105376,75],{"class":67},[53,105378,9103],{"class":67},[53,105380,539],{"class":71},[53,105382,75],{"class":67},[53,105384,7658],{"class":71},[53,105386,105387],{"class":67},")}\n",[53,105389,105390,105392,105394,105396],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105391,115],{"class":114},[53,105393,102],{"class":67},[53,105395,530],{"class":98},[53,105397,108],{"class":67},[14,105399,99323,105400,105402],{},[23,105401,36],{}," work inside a set:",[140,105404,105405,105409,105413],{},[143,105406,105407],{},[18,105408,7961],{},[143,105410,105411],{},[18,105412,8689],{},[143,105414,105415],{},[18,105416,6159],{},[14,105418,96826],{},[44,105420,105422],{"className":46,"code":105421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105423,105424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105427,99342],{"class":59},[53,105429,64],{"class":63},[53,105431,99347],{"class":67},[53,105433,72],{"class":71},[53,105435,75],{"class":67},[53,105437,78],{"class":71},[53,105439,17926],{"class":67},[53,105441,68],{"class":67},[53,105443,754],{"class":71},[53,105445,75],{"class":67},[53,105447,759],{"class":71},[53,105449,13569],{"class":67},[14,105451,76585,105452,105454],{},[18,105453,2885],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105456,105457],{},"A safer example:",[44,105459,105461],{"className":46,"code":105460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105462,105463,105491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105464,105465,105468,105470,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105466,105467],{"class":59},"good_set ",[53,105469,64],{"class":63},[53,105471,105472],{"class":67}," {(",[53,105474,72],{"class":71},[53,105476,75],{"class":67},[53,105478,78],{"class":71},[53,105480,9100],{"class":67},[53,105482,9103],{"class":67},[53,105484,754],{"class":71},[53,105486,75],{"class":67},[53,105488,759],{"class":71},[53,105490,105387],{"class":67},[53,105492,105493,105495,105497,105500],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105494,115],{"class":114},[53,105496,102],{"class":67},[53,105498,105499],{"class":98},"good_set",[53,105501,108],{"class":67},[14,105503,328],{},[44,105505,105507],{"className":46,"code":105506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105508,105509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105510,105511,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105512,105513],{"class":67},"{(",[53,105515,72],{"class":71},[53,105517,75],{"class":67},[53,105519,78],{"class":71},[53,105521,9100],{"class":67},[53,105523,9103],{"class":67},[53,105525,754],{"class":71},[53,105527,75],{"class":67},[53,105529,759],{"class":71},[53,105531,105387],{"class":67},[39,105533,105535],{"id":105534},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105537,131,105538,10468],{},[18,105539,3676],{},[140,105541,105542,105545,105550,105553],{},[143,105543,105544],{},"you need unique values only",[143,105546,105547,105548],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105549,1565],{},[143,105551,105552],{},"order does not matter",[143,105554,105555],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105557,105558],{},"Example of membership checking:",[44,105560,105562],{"className":46,"code":105561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105563,105564,105589,105593,105609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105565,105566,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105582,105584,105587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105567,105568],{"class":59},"allowed_ids ",[53,105570,64],{"class":63},[53,105572,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105574,619],{"class":67},[53,105576,46454],{"class":71},[53,105578,75],{"class":67},[53,105580,105581],{"class":71}," 102",[53,105583,75],{"class":67},[53,105585,105586],{"class":71}," 103",[53,105588,632],{"class":67},[53,105590,105591],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105592,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,105594,105595,105597,105599,105602,105604,105607],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,105596,115],{"class":114},[53,105598,102],{"class":67},[53,105600,105601],{"class":71},"102",[53,105603,21038],{"class":1558},[53,105605,105606],{"class":98}," allowed_ids",[53,105608,108],{"class":67},[53,105610,105611,105613,105615,105618,105620,105622],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,105612,115],{"class":114},[53,105614,102],{"class":67},[53,105616,105617],{"class":71},"999",[53,105619,21038],{"class":1558},[53,105621,105606],{"class":98},[53,105623,108],{"class":67},[14,105625,328],{},[44,105627,105628],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105629,105630,105634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105631,105632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105633,3855],{"class":369},[53,105635,105636],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105637,3916],{"class":369},[14,105639,105640],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[39,105642,105644],{"id":105643},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105646,105647],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[830,105649,131,105651,97952],{"id":105650},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105652,3676],{},[44,105654,105655],{"className":46,"code":98013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105656,105657,105667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105660,98020],{"class":59},[53,105662,64],{"class":63},[53,105664,15497],{"class":2782},[53,105666,8510],{"class":67},[53,105668,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105670,115],{"class":114},[53,105672,102],{"class":67},[53,105674,3102],{"class":2782},[53,105676,102],{"class":67},[53,105678,98039],{"class":98},[53,105680,1907],{"class":67},[14,105682,328],{},[44,105684,105685],{"className":46,"code":8720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105686,105687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105688,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105690,3171],{"class":63},[53,105692,3174],{"class":1945},[53,105694,350],{"class":252},[53,105696,6159],{"class":256},[53,105698,341],{"class":252},[53,105700,3183],{"class":63},[830,105702,131,105704,105706],{"id":105703},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105705,100012],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[44,105708,105710],{"className":46,"code":105709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105711,105712,105732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105713,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105715,60],{"class":59},[53,105717,64],{"class":63},[53,105719,679],{"class":67},[53,105721,72],{"class":71},[53,105723,75],{"class":67},[53,105725,78],{"class":71},[53,105727,75],{"class":67},[53,105729,83],{"class":71},[53,105731,9176],{"class":67},[53,105733,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105735,115],{"class":114},[53,105737,102],{"class":67},[53,105739,3102],{"class":2782},[53,105741,102],{"class":67},[53,105743,92],{"class":98},[53,105745,1907],{"class":67},[14,105747,328],{},[44,105749,105750],{"className":46,"code":8720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105751,105752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105753,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762,105764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105755,3171],{"class":63},[53,105757,3174],{"class":1945},[53,105759,350],{"class":252},[53,105761,6159],{"class":256},[53,105763,341],{"class":252},[53,105765,3183],{"class":63},[830,105767,131,105769,105771],{"id":105768},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105770,3671],{}," for an empty dictionary",[44,105773,105775],{"className":46,"code":105774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105776,105777,105786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105778,105779,105782,105784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105780,105781],{"class":59},"empty_dict ",[53,105783,64],{"class":63},[53,105785,9705],{"class":67},[53,105787,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105799],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105789,115],{"class":114},[53,105791,102],{"class":67},[53,105793,3102],{"class":2782},[53,105795,102],{"class":67},[53,105797,105798],{"class":98},"empty_dict",[53,105800,1907],{"class":67},[14,105802,328],{},[44,105804,105805],{"className":46,"code":8676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105806,105807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105808,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105810,3171],{"class":63},[53,105812,3174],{"class":1945},[53,105814,350],{"class":252},[53,105816,8689],{"class":256},[53,105818,341],{"class":252},[53,105820,3183],{"class":63},[14,105822,105823],{},"So the rule is simple:",[140,105825,105826,105831,105836],{},[143,105827,105828,105830],{},[18,105829,3676],{}," → empty set",[143,105832,105833,105835],{},[18,105834,100012],{}," → non-empty set",[143,105837,105838,105840],{},[18,105839,3671],{}," → empty dictionary",[39,105842,2709],{"id":2708},[14,105844,105845,105846,95],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,105847,3676],{},[830,105849,833,105850,99610],{"id":99607},[18,105851,3671],{},[14,105853,105854],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[44,105856,105857],{"className":46,"code":99616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,105858,105859,105867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105860,105861,105863,105865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105862,2325],{"class":59},[53,105864,64],{"class":63},[53,105866,9705],{"class":67},[53,105868,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,105870,115],{"class":114},[53,105872,102],{"class":67},[53,105874,3102],{"class":2782},[53,105876,102],{"class":67},[53,105878,2350],{"class":98},[53,105880,1907],{"class":67},[830,105882,105884,105885],{"id":105883},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,105886,105887],{},"set(5)",[14,105889,105890,105892],{},[18,105891,3676],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[44,105894,105896],{"className":46,"code":105895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(5)\n",[18,105897,105898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105899,105900,105902,105904,105906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105901,6159],{"class":2782},[53,105903,102],{"class":67},[53,105905,2017],{"class":71},[53,105907,108],{"class":67},[14,105909,2882,105910,105912,105913,95],{},[18,105911,2885],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[183,105914,105916],{"href":105915},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[830,105918,105920],{"id":105919},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105922,105923],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[44,105925,105927],{"className":46,"code":105926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105928,105929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105930,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105932,2325],{"class":59},[53,105934,64],{"class":63},[53,105936,99347],{"class":67},[53,105938,72],{"class":71},[53,105940,75],{"class":67},[53,105942,78],{"class":71},[53,105944,17926],{"class":67},[53,105946,68],{"class":67},[53,105948,754],{"class":71},[53,105950,75],{"class":67},[53,105952,759],{"class":71},[53,105954,13569],{"class":67},[830,105956,8319,105958,105960],{"id":105957},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,105959,3676],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105962,105963],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[830,105965,37066,105967,8572,105969,2758,105971],{"id":105966},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,105968,3676],{},[18,105970,24646],{},[18,105972,8988],{},[14,105974,105975],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[39,105977,60436],{"id":60435},[14,105979,10980],{},[44,105981,105983],{"className":46,"code":105982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,105984,105985,106000,106010,106024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105986,105987,105989,105991,105993,105995,105998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105988,115],{"class":114},[53,105990,102],{"class":67},[53,105992,3102],{"class":2782},[53,105994,102],{"class":67},[53,105996,105997],{"class":98},"my_value",[53,105999,1907],{"class":67},[53,106001,106002,106004,106006,106008],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106003,115],{"class":114},[53,106005,102],{"class":67},[53,106007,105997],{"class":98},[53,106009,108],{"class":67},[53,106011,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106013,115],{"class":114},[53,106015,102],{"class":67},[53,106017,7961],{"class":2782},[53,106019,102],{"class":67},[53,106021,15530],{"class":98},[53,106023,1907],{"class":67},[53,106025,106026,106028,106030,106032,106034,106036],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,106027,115],{"class":114},[53,106029,102],{"class":67},[53,106031,11029],{"class":114},[53,106033,102],{"class":67},[53,106035,15530],{"class":98},[53,106037,1907],{"class":67},[14,106039,106040],{},"What they help you see:",[140,106042,106043,106049,106054,106060],{},[143,106044,106045,106048],{},[18,106046,106047],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[143,106050,106051,90276],{},[18,106052,106053],{},"print(my_value)",[143,106055,106056,106059],{},[18,106057,106058],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[143,106061,106062,106065],{},[18,106063,106064],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[39,106067,1650],{"id":1649},[830,106069,106071],{"id":106070},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106073,106074],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[830,106076,106078],{"id":106077},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106080,131,106081,106083,106084,106086],{},[18,106082,3676],{},". Do not use ",[18,106085,3671],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[830,106088,106090],{"id":106089},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106092,106093],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[830,106095,106097],{"id":106096},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106099,106100],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106102,235],{},[44,106104,106106],{"className":46,"code":106105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106107,106108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106109,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106111,115],{"class":114},[53,106113,102],{"class":67},[53,106115,6159],{"class":2782},[53,106117,102],{"class":67},[53,106119,253],{"class":252},[53,106121,257],{"class":256},[53,106123,253],{"class":252},[53,106125,1907],{"class":67},[14,106127,29896],{},[44,106129,106131],{"className":46,"code":106130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106132,106133],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106134,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106136,9145],{"class":67},[53,106138,341],{"class":252},[53,106140,183],{"class":256},[53,106142,341],{"class":252},[53,106144,75],{"class":67},[53,106146,350],{"class":252},[53,106148,14],{"class":256},[53,106150,341],{"class":252},[53,106152,75],{"class":67},[53,106154,350],{"class":252},[53,106156,60182],{"class":256},[53,106158,341],{"class":252},[53,106160,75],{"class":67},[53,106162,350],{"class":252},[53,106164,60173],{"class":256},[53,106166,341],{"class":252},[53,106168,9176],{"class":67},[830,106170,5033,106172,106175],{"id":106171},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106173,106174],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106177,106178,28551,106180,106183],{},[18,106179,3676],{},[23,106181,106182],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106185,106186],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[44,106188,106190],{"className":46,"code":106189,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106191,106192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106193,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214,106216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106195,115],{"class":114},[53,106197,102],{"class":67},[53,106199,6159],{"class":2782},[53,106201,619],{"class":67},[53,106203,72],{"class":71},[53,106205,75],{"class":67},[53,106207,78],{"class":71},[53,106209,75],{"class":67},[53,106211,83],{"class":71},[53,106213,75],{"class":67},[53,106215,759],{"class":71},[53,106217,2879],{"class":67},[39,106219,1782],{"id":1781},[140,106221,106222,106226,106230,106234,106238],{},[143,106223,106224],{},[183,106225,96058],{"href":96057},[143,106227,106228],{},[183,106229,104222],{"href":96061},[143,106231,106232],{},[183,106233,100074],{"href":105073},[143,106235,106236],{},[183,106237,104780],{"href":64574},[143,106239,106240],{},[183,106241,105916],{"href":105915},[1810,106243,106244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":106246},[106247,106248,106249,106250,106251,106257,106258,106259,106267,106277,106278,106286],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":104398,"depth":89,"text":104399},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":104783,"depth":89,"text":104784},{"id":104970,"depth":89,"text":104971,"children":106252},[106253,106254,106255,106256],{"id":104974,"depth":111,"text":104975},{"id":105076,"depth":111,"text":105077},{"id":105160,"depth":111,"text":105161},{"id":105252,"depth":111,"text":105253},{"id":105320,"depth":89,"text":105321},{"id":105534,"depth":89,"text":105535},{"id":105643,"depth":89,"text":105644,"children":106260},[106261,106263,106265],{"id":105650,"depth":111,"text":106262},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105703,"depth":111,"text":106264},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105768,"depth":111,"text":106266},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":106268},[106269,106270,106272,106273,106275],{"id":99607,"depth":111,"text":100115},{"id":105883,"depth":111,"text":106271},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105919,"depth":111,"text":105920},{"id":105957,"depth":111,"text":106274},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105966,"depth":111,"text":106276},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60435,"depth":89,"text":60436},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":106279},[106280,106281,106282,106283,106284],{"id":106070,"depth":111,"text":106071},{"id":106077,"depth":111,"text":106078},{"id":106089,"depth":111,"text":106090},{"id":106096,"depth":111,"text":106097},{"id":106171,"depth":111,"text":106285},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104280,"description":106287},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106294,"title":106295,"body":106296,"description":107811,"extension":1841,"meta":107812,"navigation":301,"path":107813,"seo":107814,"stem":107815,"__hash__":107816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106297,"toc":107787},[106298,106304,106309,106312,106395,106400,106405,106410,106412,106425,106429,106431,106450,106453,106476,106479,106490,106492,106573,106575,106592,106594,106600,106603,106698,106700,106731,106733,106741,106743,106746,106857,106859,106884,106886,106908,106913,106918,106924,107033,107035,107051,107054,107057,107140,107142,107159,107167,107169,107173,107179,107270,107272,107305,107310,107317,107394,107396,107413,107419,107421,107425,107441,107444,107470,107472,107533,107535,107658,107660,107711,107717,107719,107724,107726,107732,107735,107739,107742,107746,107749,107759,107761,107784],[10,106299,3457,106301,11190],{"id":106300},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106302,106303],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106305,16,106306,106308],{},[18,106307,106303],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106310,106311],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[44,106313,106315],{"className":46,"code":106314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106316,106317,106337,106357,106361,106380,106390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106318,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106320,2432],{"class":59},[53,106322,64],{"class":63},[53,106324,679],{"class":67},[53,106326,72],{"class":71},[53,106328,75],{"class":67},[53,106330,78],{"class":71},[53,106332,75],{"class":67},[53,106334,83],{"class":71},[53,106336,9176],{"class":67},[53,106338,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106340,2460],{"class":59},[53,106342,64],{"class":63},[53,106344,679],{"class":67},[53,106346,1937],{"class":71},[53,106348,75],{"class":67},[53,106350,83],{"class":71},[53,106352,75],{"class":67},[53,106354,759],{"class":71},[53,106356,9176],{"class":67},[53,106358,106359],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106360,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106362,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106374,106376,106378],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,106364,276],{"class":59},[53,106366,64],{"class":63},[53,106368,56612],{"class":59},[53,106370,95],{"class":67},[53,106372,106373],{"class":98},"intersection",[53,106375,102],{"class":67},[53,106377,1453],{"class":98},[53,106379,108],{"class":67},[53,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,106383,115],{"class":114},[53,106385,102],{"class":67},[53,106387,323],{"class":98},[53,106389,108],{"class":67},[53,106391,106392],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,106393,106394],{"class":127},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106396,131,106397,106399],{},[18,106398,102521],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[39,106401,12863,106403,12866],{"id":106402},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106404,102521],{},[14,106406,106407,106409],{},[18,106408,102521],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106411,12919],{},[140,106413,106414,106417,106419,106422],{},[143,106415,106416],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[143,106418,100291],{},[143,106420,106421],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[143,106423,106424],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106426,96054,106427,95],{},[183,106428,96058],{"href":96057},[39,106430,2039],{"id":2038},[44,106432,106434],{"className":46,"code":106433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106435,106436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106437,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106439,100315],{"class":59},[53,106441,95],{"class":67},[53,106443,106373],{"class":98},[53,106445,102],{"class":67},[53,106447,100324],{"class":98},[53,106449,108],{"class":67},[14,106451,106452],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[44,106454,106456],{"className":46,"code":106455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106457,106458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106459,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106461,100315],{"class":59},[53,106463,95],{"class":67},[53,106465,106373],{"class":98},[53,106467,102],{"class":67},[53,106469,100324],{"class":98},[53,106471,75],{"class":67},[53,106473,100351],{"class":98},[53,106475,108],{"class":67},[14,106477,106478],{},"Important notes:",[140,106480,106481,106484,106487],{},[143,106482,106483],{},"The result is always a new set",[143,106485,106486],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[143,106488,106489],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106491,235],{},[44,106493,106495],{"className":46,"code":106494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106496,106497,106521,106541,106545,106563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106498,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106500,2432],{"class":59},[53,106502,64],{"class":63},[53,106504,679],{"class":67},[53,106506,72],{"class":71},[53,106508,75],{"class":67},[53,106510,78],{"class":71},[53,106512,75],{"class":67},[53,106514,83],{"class":71},[53,106516,75],{"class":67},[53,106518,759],{"class":71},[53,106520,9176],{"class":67},[53,106522,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106524,2460],{"class":59},[53,106526,64],{"class":63},[53,106528,679],{"class":67},[53,106530,754],{"class":71},[53,106532,75],{"class":67},[53,106534,759],{"class":71},[53,106536,75],{"class":67},[53,106538,1577],{"class":71},[53,106540,9176],{"class":67},[53,106542,106543],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106544,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106546,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559,106561],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,106548,276],{"class":59},[53,106550,64],{"class":63},[53,106552,56612],{"class":59},[53,106554,95],{"class":67},[53,106556,106373],{"class":98},[53,106558,102],{"class":67},[53,106560,1453],{"class":98},[53,106562,108],{"class":67},[53,106564,106565,106567,106569,106571],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,106566,115],{"class":114},[53,106568,102],{"class":67},[53,106570,323],{"class":98},[53,106572,108],{"class":67},[14,106574,328],{},[44,106576,106578],{"className":46,"code":106577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106579,106580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106581,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106583,9145],{"class":67},[53,106585,754],{"class":71},[53,106587,75],{"class":67},[53,106589,759],{"class":71},[53,106591,9176],{"class":67},[39,106593,17284],{"id":17283},[14,106595,106596,21840,106598,95],{},[18,106597,102521],{},[23,106599,6159],{},[14,106601,106602],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[44,106604,106606],{"className":46,"code":106605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106607,106608,106628,106648,106652,106670,106674,106684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106611,2432],{"class":59},[53,106613,64],{"class":63},[53,106615,679],{"class":67},[53,106617,72],{"class":71},[53,106619,75],{"class":67},[53,106621,78],{"class":71},[53,106623,75],{"class":67},[53,106625,83],{"class":71},[53,106627,9176],{"class":67},[53,106629,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106631,2460],{"class":59},[53,106633,64],{"class":63},[53,106635,679],{"class":67},[53,106637,1937],{"class":71},[53,106639,75],{"class":67},[53,106641,83],{"class":71},[53,106643,75],{"class":67},[53,106645,759],{"class":71},[53,106647,9176],{"class":67},[53,106649,106650],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106651,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106653,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,106655,276],{"class":59},[53,106657,64],{"class":63},[53,106659,56612],{"class":59},[53,106661,95],{"class":67},[53,106663,106373],{"class":98},[53,106665,102],{"class":67},[53,106667,1453],{"class":98},[53,106669,108],{"class":67},[53,106671,106672],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,106673,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106675,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,106677,115],{"class":114},[53,106679,102],{"class":67},[53,106681,323],{"class":98},[53,106683,108],{"class":67},[53,106685,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,106687,115],{"class":114},[53,106689,102],{"class":67},[53,106691,3102],{"class":2782},[53,106693,102],{"class":67},[53,106695,323],{"class":98},[53,106697,1907],{"class":67},[14,106699,328],{},[44,106701,106703],{"className":46,"code":106702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106704,106705,106717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106706,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106708,9145],{"class":67},[53,106710,1937],{"class":71},[53,106712,75],{"class":67},[53,106714,83],{"class":71},[53,106716,9176],{"class":67},[53,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106720,3171],{"class":63},[53,106722,3174],{"class":1945},[53,106724,350],{"class":252},[53,106726,6159],{"class":256},[53,106728,341],{"class":252},[53,106730,3183],{"class":63},[14,106732,85539],{},[140,106734,106735,106738],{},[143,106736,106737],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[143,106739,106740],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[39,106742,385],{"id":384},[14,106744,106745],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[44,106747,106749],{"className":46,"code":106748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106750,106751,106784,106817,106821,106842,106846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106752,106753,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106754,106755],{"class":59},"colors1 ",[53,106757,64],{"class":63},[53,106759,679],{"class":67},[53,106761,253],{"class":252},[53,106763,407],{"class":256},[53,106765,253],{"class":252},[53,106767,75],{"class":67},[53,106769,264],{"class":252},[53,106771,416],{"class":256},[53,106773,253],{"class":252},[53,106775,75],{"class":67},[53,106777,264],{"class":252},[53,106779,436],{"class":256},[53,106781,253],{"class":252},[53,106783,9176],{"class":67},[53,106785,106786,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106787,106788],{"class":59},"colors2 ",[53,106790,64],{"class":63},[53,106792,679],{"class":67},[53,106794,253],{"class":252},[53,106796,436],{"class":256},[53,106798,253],{"class":252},[53,106800,75],{"class":67},[53,106802,264],{"class":252},[53,106804,22389],{"class":256},[53,106806,253],{"class":252},[53,106808,75],{"class":67},[53,106810,264],{"class":252},[53,106812,416],{"class":256},[53,106814,253],{"class":252},[53,106816,9176],{"class":67},[53,106818,106819],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106820,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106822,106823,106826,106828,106831,106833,106835,106837,106840],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,106824,106825],{"class":59},"common_colors ",[53,106827,64],{"class":63},[53,106829,106830],{"class":59}," colors1",[53,106832,95],{"class":67},[53,106834,106373],{"class":98},[53,106836,102],{"class":67},[53,106838,106839],{"class":98},"colors2",[53,106841,108],{"class":67},[53,106843,106844],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,106845,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,106847,106848,106850,106852,106855],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,106849,115],{"class":114},[53,106851,102],{"class":67},[53,106853,106854],{"class":98},"common_colors",[53,106856,108],{"class":67},[14,106858,328],{},[44,106860,106862],{"className":46,"code":106861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,106863,106864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106865,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106867,9145],{"class":67},[53,106869,341],{"class":252},[53,106871,416],{"class":256},[53,106873,341],{"class":252},[53,106875,75],{"class":67},[53,106877,350],{"class":252},[53,106879,436],{"class":256},[53,106881,341],{"class":252},[53,106883,9176],{"class":67},[14,106885,11551],{},[140,106887,106888,106894,106898,106903],{},[143,106889,106890,106893],{},[18,106891,106892],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[143,106895,106896,106893],{},[18,106897,106839],{},[143,106899,106900,106902],{},[18,106901,102521],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[143,106904,106905,106906],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,106907,106854],{},[39,106909,833,106911,100888],{"id":106910},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,106912,102521],{},[14,106914,106915,106916,95],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,106917,102521],{},[14,106919,106920,106921,106923],{},"Only the values found in ",[23,106922,3595],{}," inputs will be kept.",[44,106925,106927],{"className":46,"code":106926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106928,106929,106953,106977,106997,107001,107023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106930,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106932,2432],{"class":59},[53,106934,64],{"class":63},[53,106936,679],{"class":67},[53,106938,72],{"class":71},[53,106940,75],{"class":67},[53,106942,78],{"class":71},[53,106944,75],{"class":67},[53,106946,83],{"class":71},[53,106948,75],{"class":67},[53,106950,759],{"class":71},[53,106952,9176],{"class":67},[53,106954,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,106956,2460],{"class":59},[53,106958,64],{"class":63},[53,106960,679],{"class":67},[53,106962,1937],{"class":71},[53,106964,75],{"class":67},[53,106966,83],{"class":71},[53,106968,75],{"class":67},[53,106970,759],{"class":71},[53,106972,75],{"class":67},[53,106974,1577],{"class":71},[53,106976,9176],{"class":67},[53,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,106980,82913],{"class":59},[53,106982,64],{"class":63},[53,106984,679],{"class":67},[53,106986,754],{"class":71},[53,106988,75],{"class":67},[53,106990,759],{"class":71},[53,106992,75],{"class":67},[53,106994,37506],{"class":71},[53,106996,9176],{"class":67},[53,106998,106999],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107000,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107002,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,107004,276],{"class":59},[53,107006,64],{"class":63},[53,107008,56612],{"class":59},[53,107010,95],{"class":67},[53,107012,106373],{"class":98},[53,107014,102],{"class":67},[53,107016,1453],{"class":98},[53,107018,75],{"class":67},[53,107020,9549],{"class":98},[53,107022,108],{"class":67},[53,107024,107025,107027,107029,107031],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,107026,115],{"class":114},[53,107028,102],{"class":67},[53,107030,323],{"class":98},[53,107032,108],{"class":67},[14,107034,328],{},[44,107036,107037],{"className":46,"code":106577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,107038,107039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107042,9145],{"class":67},[53,107044,754],{"class":71},[53,107046,75],{"class":67},[53,107048,759],{"class":71},[53,107050,9176],{"class":67},[14,107052,107053],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107055,107056],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[44,107058,107060],{"className":46,"code":107059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107061,107062,107086,107090,107130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107063,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107065,2432],{"class":59},[53,107067,64],{"class":63},[53,107069,679],{"class":67},[53,107071,72],{"class":71},[53,107073,75],{"class":67},[53,107075,78],{"class":71},[53,107077,75],{"class":67},[53,107079,83],{"class":71},[53,107081,75],{"class":67},[53,107083,759],{"class":71},[53,107085,9176],{"class":67},[53,107087,107088],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107089,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107093,276],{"class":59},[53,107095,64],{"class":63},[53,107097,56612],{"class":59},[53,107099,95],{"class":67},[53,107101,106373],{"class":98},[53,107103,619],{"class":67},[53,107105,1937],{"class":71},[53,107107,75],{"class":67},[53,107109,759],{"class":71},[53,107111,75],{"class":67},[53,107113,37506],{"class":71},[53,107115,17926],{"class":67},[53,107117,9103],{"class":67},[53,107119,72],{"class":71},[53,107121,75],{"class":67},[53,107123,78],{"class":71},[53,107125,75],{"class":67},[53,107127,759],{"class":71},[53,107129,1907],{"class":67},[53,107131,107132,107134,107136,107138],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107133,115],{"class":114},[53,107135,102],{"class":67},[53,107137,323],{"class":98},[53,107139,108],{"class":67},[14,107141,328],{},[44,107143,107145],{"className":46,"code":107144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107146,107147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107148,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107150,9145],{"class":67},[53,107152,1937],{"class":71},[53,107154,75],{"class":67},[53,107156,759],{"class":71},[53,107158,9176],{"class":67},[39,107160,107162,10452,107164],{"id":107161},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107163,102521],{},[18,107165,107166],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107168,101058],{},[830,107170,107171],{"id":106373},[18,107172,102521],{},[140,107174,107175,107177],{},[143,107176,101067],{},[143,107178,101070],{},[44,107180,107182],{"className":46,"code":107181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107183,107184,107204,107224,107228,107246,107250,107260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107185,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107187,2432],{"class":59},[53,107189,64],{"class":63},[53,107191,679],{"class":67},[53,107193,72],{"class":71},[53,107195,75],{"class":67},[53,107197,78],{"class":71},[53,107199,75],{"class":67},[53,107201,83],{"class":71},[53,107203,9176],{"class":67},[53,107205,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107207,2460],{"class":59},[53,107209,64],{"class":63},[53,107211,679],{"class":67},[53,107213,1937],{"class":71},[53,107215,75],{"class":67},[53,107217,83],{"class":71},[53,107219,75],{"class":67},[53,107221,759],{"class":71},[53,107223,9176],{"class":67},[53,107225,107226],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107227,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107229,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107231,276],{"class":59},[53,107233,64],{"class":63},[53,107235,56612],{"class":59},[53,107237,95],{"class":67},[53,107239,106373],{"class":98},[53,107241,102],{"class":67},[53,107243,1453],{"class":98},[53,107245,108],{"class":67},[53,107247,107248],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,107249,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,107253,115],{"class":114},[53,107255,102],{"class":67},[53,107257,183],{"class":98},[53,107259,108],{"class":67},[53,107261,107262,107264,107266,107268],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,107263,115],{"class":114},[53,107265,102],{"class":67},[53,107267,323],{"class":98},[53,107269,108],{"class":67},[14,107271,328],{},[44,107273,107275],{"className":46,"code":107274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107276,107277,107293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107278,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107280,9145],{"class":67},[53,107282,72],{"class":71},[53,107284,75],{"class":67},[53,107286,78],{"class":71},[53,107288,75],{"class":67},[53,107290,83],{"class":71},[53,107292,9176],{"class":67},[53,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107296,9145],{"class":67},[53,107298,1937],{"class":71},[53,107300,75],{"class":67},[53,107302,83],{"class":71},[53,107304,9176],{"class":67},[830,107306,107308],{"id":107307},"intersection_update",[18,107309,107166],{},[140,107311,107312,107314],{},[143,107313,101210],{},[143,107315,107316],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[44,107318,107320],{"className":46,"code":107319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107321,107322,107342,107362,107366,107380,107384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107323,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107325,2432],{"class":59},[53,107327,64],{"class":63},[53,107329,679],{"class":67},[53,107331,72],{"class":71},[53,107333,75],{"class":67},[53,107335,78],{"class":71},[53,107337,75],{"class":67},[53,107339,83],{"class":71},[53,107341,9176],{"class":67},[53,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107345,2460],{"class":59},[53,107347,64],{"class":63},[53,107349,679],{"class":67},[53,107351,1937],{"class":71},[53,107353,75],{"class":67},[53,107355,83],{"class":71},[53,107357,75],{"class":67},[53,107359,759],{"class":71},[53,107361,9176],{"class":67},[53,107363,107364],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107365,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107367,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107369,183],{"class":59},[53,107371,95],{"class":67},[53,107373,107307],{"class":98},[53,107375,102],{"class":67},[53,107377,1453],{"class":98},[53,107379,108],{"class":67},[53,107381,107382],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,107383,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107385,107386,107388,107390,107392],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,107387,115],{"class":114},[53,107389,102],{"class":67},[53,107391,183],{"class":98},[53,107393,108],{"class":67},[14,107395,328],{},[44,107397,107399],{"className":46,"code":107398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107400,107401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107402,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107404,9145],{"class":67},[53,107406,1937],{"class":71},[53,107408,75],{"class":67},[53,107410,83],{"class":71},[53,107412,9176],{"class":67},[14,107414,107415,107416,107418],{},"Choose ",[18,107417,102521],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[39,107420,1039],{"id":1038},[14,107422,14596,107423,597],{},[18,107424,102521],{},[140,107426,107427,107430,107433,107436],{},[143,107428,107429],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[143,107431,107432],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[143,107434,107435],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[143,107437,107438,107439],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107440,102521],{},[14,107442,107443],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[140,107445,107446,107451,107454,107467],{},[143,107447,833,107448,107450],{},[18,107449,102521],{}," when order matters",[143,107452,107453],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[143,107455,37066,107456,8572,107458,2758,107463],{},[18,107457,102521],{},[183,107459,107461],{"href":107460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107462,102529],{},[183,107464,107465],{"href":102570},[18,107466,100144],{},[143,107468,107469],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107471,30002],{},[44,107473,107475],{"className":46,"code":107474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107476,107477,107487,107501,107519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107480,115],{"class":114},[53,107482,102],{"class":67},[53,107484,15530],{"class":98},[53,107486,108],{"class":67},[53,107488,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107490,115],{"class":114},[53,107492,102],{"class":67},[53,107494,3102],{"class":2782},[53,107496,102],{"class":67},[53,107498,323],{"class":98},[53,107500,1907],{"class":67},[53,107502,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107504,115],{"class":114},[53,107506,102],{"class":67},[53,107508,100315],{"class":98},[53,107510,95],{"class":67},[53,107512,106373],{"class":98},[53,107514,102],{"class":67},[53,107516,100324],{"class":98},[53,107518,1907],{"class":67},[53,107520,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107522,115],{"class":114},[53,107524,102],{"class":67},[53,107526,11029],{"class":114},[53,107528,102],{"class":67},[53,107530,323],{"class":98},[53,107532,1907],{"class":67},[14,107534,235],{},[44,107536,107538],{"className":46,"code":107537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107539,107540,107564,107584,107588,107606,107610,107620,107630,107644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107543,60],{"class":59},[53,107545,64],{"class":63},[53,107547,679],{"class":67},[53,107549,72],{"class":71},[53,107551,75],{"class":67},[53,107553,78],{"class":71},[53,107555,75],{"class":67},[53,107557,78],{"class":71},[53,107559,75],{"class":67},[53,107561,83],{"class":71},[53,107563,9176],{"class":67},[53,107565,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580,107582],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107567,43411],{"class":59},[53,107569,64],{"class":63},[53,107571,679],{"class":67},[53,107573,1937],{"class":71},[53,107575,75],{"class":67},[53,107577,83],{"class":71},[53,107579,75],{"class":67},[53,107581,759],{"class":71},[53,107583,9176],{"class":67},[53,107585,107586],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107589,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107591,276],{"class":59},[53,107593,64],{"class":63},[53,107595,4138],{"class":59},[53,107597,95],{"class":67},[53,107599,106373],{"class":98},[53,107601,102],{"class":67},[53,107603,30609],{"class":98},[53,107605,108],{"class":67},[53,107607,107608],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,107609,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107611,107612,107614,107616,107618],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,107613,115],{"class":114},[53,107615,102],{"class":67},[53,107617,92],{"class":98},[53,107619,108],{"class":67},[53,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,107623,115],{"class":114},[53,107625,102],{"class":67},[53,107627,323],{"class":98},[53,107629,108],{"class":67},[53,107631,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,107633,115],{"class":114},[53,107635,102],{"class":67},[53,107637,3102],{"class":2782},[53,107639,102],{"class":67},[53,107641,323],{"class":98},[53,107643,1907],{"class":67},[53,107645,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,107647,115],{"class":114},[53,107649,102],{"class":67},[53,107651,11029],{"class":114},[53,107653,102],{"class":67},[53,107655,323],{"class":98},[53,107657,1907],{"class":67},[14,107659,328],{},[44,107661,107663],{"className":46,"code":107662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107664,107665,107681,107693,107707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107666,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107668,9145],{"class":67},[53,107670,72],{"class":71},[53,107672,75],{"class":67},[53,107674,78],{"class":71},[53,107676,75],{"class":67},[53,107678,83],{"class":71},[53,107680,9176],{"class":67},[53,107682,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107684,9145],{"class":67},[53,107686,1937],{"class":71},[53,107688,75],{"class":67},[53,107690,83],{"class":71},[53,107692,9176],{"class":67},[53,107694,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703,107705],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107696,3171],{"class":63},[53,107698,3174],{"class":1945},[53,107700,350],{"class":252},[53,107702,6159],{"class":256},[53,107704,341],{"class":252},[53,107706,3183],{"class":63},[53,107708,107709],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107710,16921],{"class":71},[14,107712,107713,107714,107716],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107715,1937],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,107718,1650],{"id":1649},[830,107720,12570,107722,102469],{"id":107721},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107723,102521],{},[14,107725,102472],{},[830,107727,5045,107729,107731],{"id":107728},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107730,102521],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107733,107734],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[830,107736,107738],{"id":107737},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107740,107741],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[830,107743,107745],{"id":107744},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107747,107748],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[44,107750,107751],{"className":46,"code":97188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,107752,107753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107754,107755,107757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107756,6159],{"class":2782},[53,107758,8510],{"class":67},[39,107760,1782],{"id":1781},[140,107762,107763,107767,107774,107780],{},[143,107764,107765],{},[183,107766,96058],{"href":96057},[143,107768,107769],{},[183,107770,3457,107771,10608],{"href":107460},[18,107772,107773],{},"set.union()",[143,107775,107776],{},[183,107777,3457,107778,10608],{"href":102570},[18,107779,100149],{},[143,107781,107782],{},[183,107783,100074],{"href":105073},[1810,107785,107786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":107788},[107789,107791,107792,107793,107794,107796,107801,107802,107810],{"id":106402,"depth":89,"text":107790},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":106910,"depth":89,"text":107795},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107161,"depth":89,"text":107797,"children":107798},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107799,107800],{"id":106373,"depth":111,"text":102521},{"id":107307,"depth":111,"text":107166},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":107803},[107804,107806,107808,107809],{"id":107721,"depth":111,"text":107805},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107728,"depth":111,"text":107807},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107737,"depth":111,"text":107738},{"id":107744,"depth":111,"text":107745},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106295,"description":107811},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107818,"title":107819,"body":107820,"description":109056,"extension":1841,"meta":109057,"navigation":301,"path":109058,"seo":109059,"stem":109060,"__hash__":109061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107821,"toc":109023},[107822,107827,107833,107842,107844,107919,107924,107939,107949,107954,107958,107971,107975,107977,107992,107994,108010,108012,108087,108091,108094,108096,108113,108118,108173,108178,108190,108194,108197,108298,108300,108341,108344,108348,108355,108357,108382,108385,108403,108410,108416,108419,108501,108508,108511,108591,108600,108603,108608,108612,108626,108675,108680,108684,108695,108744,108755,108760,108764,108776,108825,108836,108838,108842,108865,108867,108924,108926,108940,108942,108948,108954,108960,108969,108973,108980,108984,108992,108994,109020],[10,107823,95930,107825,11190],{"id":107824},"python-set-pop-method",[18,107826,12629],{},[14,107828,107829,107832],{},[18,107830,107831],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107834,107835,107836,107838,107839,107841],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[23,107837,36],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,107840,12629],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[39,107843,1882],{"id":1881},[44,107845,107847],{"className":46,"code":107846,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,107848,107849,107881,107895,107899,107909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107850,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107852,516],{"class":59},[53,107854,64],{"class":63},[53,107856,679],{"class":67},[53,107858,253],{"class":252},[53,107860,257],{"class":256},[53,107862,253],{"class":252},[53,107864,75],{"class":67},[53,107866,264],{"class":252},[53,107868,267],{"class":256},[53,107870,253],{"class":252},[53,107872,75],{"class":67},[53,107874,264],{"class":252},[53,107876,3971],{"class":256},[53,107878,253],{"class":252},[53,107880,9176],{"class":67},[53,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,107884,69661],{"class":59},[53,107886,64],{"class":63},[53,107888,1080],{"class":59},[53,107890,95],{"class":67},[53,107892,26106],{"class":98},[53,107894,8510],{"class":67},[53,107896,107897],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,107898,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,107900,107901,107903,107905,107907],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,107902,115],{"class":114},[53,107904,102],{"class":67},[53,107906,69684],{"class":98},[53,107908,108],{"class":67},[53,107910,107911,107913,107915,107917],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,107912,115],{"class":114},[53,107914,102],{"class":67},[53,107916,530],{"class":98},[53,107918,108],{"class":67},[14,107920,107921],{},[23,107922,107923],{},"What this does:",[140,107925,107926,107931,107936],{},[143,107927,107928,107929],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,107930,530],{},[143,107932,107933,107934],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,107935,69684],{},[143,107937,107938],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107940,107941,88690,107943,107945,107946,107948],{},[23,107942,83548],{},[18,107944,107831],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[23,107947,36],{}," chosen by index.",[39,107950,3556,107952,3559],{"id":107951},"what-setpop-does",[18,107953,107831],{},[14,107955,107956,597],{},[18,107957,107831],{},[140,107959,107960,107962,107965,107968],{},[143,107961,102772],{},[143,107963,107964],{},"Returns the removed item",[143,107966,107967],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[143,107969,107970],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107972,96054,107973,95],{},[183,107974,96058],{"href":97229},[39,107976,2039],{"id":2038},[44,107978,107980],{"className":46,"code":107979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,107981,107982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107983,107984,107986,107988,107990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107985,15530],{"class":59},[53,107987,95],{"class":67},[53,107989,26106],{"class":98},[53,107991,8510],{"class":67},[14,107993,12919],{},[140,107995,107996,108002,108007],{},[143,107997,107998,107999],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108000,108001],{},"my_set.pop()",[143,108003,108004,108005],{},"It takes ",[23,108006,28554],{},[143,108008,108009],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108011,235],{},[44,108013,108015],{"className":46,"code":108014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108016,108017,108049,108063,108067,108077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108018,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108020,398],{"class":59},[53,108022,64],{"class":63},[53,108024,679],{"class":67},[53,108026,253],{"class":252},[53,108028,407],{"class":256},[53,108030,253],{"class":252},[53,108032,75],{"class":67},[53,108034,264],{"class":252},[53,108036,416],{"class":256},[53,108038,253],{"class":252},[53,108040,75],{"class":67},[53,108042,264],{"class":252},[53,108044,436],{"class":256},[53,108046,253],{"class":252},[53,108048,9176],{"class":67},[53,108050,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108052,28404],{"class":59},[53,108054,64],{"class":63},[53,108056,12988],{"class":59},[53,108058,95],{"class":67},[53,108060,26106],{"class":98},[53,108062,8510],{"class":67},[53,108064,108065],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108066,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,108068,108069,108071,108073,108075],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,108070,115],{"class":114},[53,108072,102],{"class":67},[53,108074,212],{"class":98},[53,108076,108],{"class":67},[53,108078,108079,108081,108083,108085],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,108080,115],{"class":114},[53,108082,102],{"class":67},[53,108084,425],{"class":98},[53,108086,108],{"class":67},[39,108088,108090],{"id":108089},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108092,108093],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108095,1987],{},[140,108097,108098,108104,108107],{},[143,108099,108100,108101,108103],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108102,12629],{}," removes",[143,108105,108106],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[143,108108,108109,108110,108112],{},"You should not use ",[18,108111,12629],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108114,10328,108115,108117],{},[23,108116,36],{}," valid:",[44,108119,108121],{"className":46,"code":108120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108122,108123,108155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108124,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108126,245],{"class":59},[53,108128,64],{"class":63},[53,108130,679],{"class":67},[53,108132,253],{"class":252},[53,108134,257],{"class":256},[53,108136,253],{"class":252},[53,108138,75],{"class":67},[53,108140,264],{"class":252},[53,108142,267],{"class":256},[53,108144,253],{"class":252},[53,108146,75],{"class":67},[53,108148,264],{"class":252},[53,108150,3971],{"class":256},[53,108152,253],{"class":252},[53,108154,9176],{"class":67},[53,108156,108157,108159,108161,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108158,311],{"class":59},[53,108160,95],{"class":67},[53,108162,26106],{"class":98},[53,108164,102],{"class":67},[53,108166,253],{"class":252},[53,108168,257],{"class":256},[53,108170,253],{"class":252},[53,108172,108],{"class":67},[14,108174,39517,108175,108177],{},[18,108176,107831],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108179,108180,108181,2758,108185,95],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[183,108182,108183],{"href":97939},[18,108184,102598],{},[183,108186,108188],{"href":108187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108189,102589],{},[39,108191,108193],{"id":108192},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108195,108196],{},"Here is a simple example:",[44,108198,108200],{"className":46,"code":108199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108201,108202,108236,108240,108256,108260,108279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108203,108204,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108232,108234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108205,108206],{"class":59},"animals ",[53,108208,64],{"class":63},[53,108210,679],{"class":67},[53,108212,253],{"class":252},[53,108214,36909],{"class":256},[53,108216,253],{"class":252},[53,108218,75],{"class":67},[53,108220,264],{"class":252},[53,108222,57852],{"class":256},[53,108224,253],{"class":252},[53,108226,75],{"class":67},[53,108228,264],{"class":252},[53,108230,108231],{"class":256},"rabbit",[53,108233,253],{"class":252},[53,108235,9176],{"class":67},[53,108237,108238],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108239,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,108241,108242,108245,108247,108250,108252,108254],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108243,108244],{"class":59},"removed_animal ",[53,108246,64],{"class":63},[53,108248,108249],{"class":59}," animals",[53,108251,95],{"class":67},[53,108253,26106],{"class":98},[53,108255,8510],{"class":67},[53,108257,108258],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,108259,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,108261,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108277],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,108263,115],{"class":114},[53,108265,102],{"class":67},[53,108267,253],{"class":252},[53,108269,28822],{"class":256},[53,108271,253],{"class":252},[53,108273,75],{"class":67},[53,108275,108276],{"class":98}," removed_animal",[53,108278,108],{"class":67},[53,108280,108281,108283,108285,108287,108290,108292,108294,108296],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,108282,115],{"class":114},[53,108284,102],{"class":67},[53,108286,253],{"class":252},[53,108288,108289],{"class":256},"Updated set:",[53,108291,253],{"class":252},[53,108293,75],{"class":67},[53,108295,108249],{"class":98},[53,108297,108],{"class":67},[14,108299,29896],{},[44,108301,108303],{"className":46,"code":108302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108304,108305,108314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108306,108307,108309,108311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108308,28864],{"class":59},[53,108310,597],{"class":67},[53,108312,108313],{"class":59}," dog\n",[53,108315,108316,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108317,108318],{"class":59},"Updated ",[53,108320,6159],{"class":2782},[53,108322,597],{"class":67},[53,108324,679],{"class":67},[53,108326,341],{"class":252},[53,108328,36909],{"class":256},[53,108330,341],{"class":252},[53,108332,75],{"class":67},[53,108334,350],{"class":252},[53,108336,108231],{"class":256},[53,108338,341],{"class":252},[53,108340,9176],{"class":67},[14,108342,108343],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[39,108345,108347],{"id":108346},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108349,29516,108350,108352,108353,95],{},[18,108351,12629],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108354,19551],{},[14,108356,235],{},[44,108358,108360],{"className":46,"code":108359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108361,108362,108372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108363,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108365,516],{"class":59},[53,108367,64],{"class":63},[53,108369,15497],{"class":2782},[53,108371,8510],{"class":67},[53,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108375,530],{"class":59},[53,108377,95],{"class":67},[53,108379,26106],{"class":98},[53,108381,8510],{"class":67},[14,108383,108384],{},"This raises:",[44,108386,108388],{"className":46,"code":108387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108389,108390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398,108401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108393,19551],{"class":2782},[53,108395,597],{"class":67},[53,108397,350],{"class":252},[53,108399,108400],{"class":256},"pop from an empty set",[53,108402,29566],{"class":252},[14,108404,108405,108406,108409],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[183,108407,108408],{"href":10941},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[830,108411,108413,108414],{"id":108412},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108415,12629],{},[14,108417,108418],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[44,108420,108422],{"className":46,"code":108421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108423,108424,108434,108438,108446,108461,108480,108486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108427,516],{"class":59},[53,108429,64],{"class":63},[53,108431,15497],{"class":2782},[53,108433,8510],{"class":67},[53,108435,108436],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108437,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,108439,108440,108442,108444],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108441,6867],{"class":1558},[53,108443,1080],{"class":59},[53,108445,6265],{"class":67},[53,108447,108448,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,108449,108450],{"class":59},"    removed ",[53,108452,64],{"class":63},[53,108454,1080],{"class":59},[53,108456,95],{"class":67},[53,108458,26106],{"class":98},[53,108460,8510],{"class":67},[53,108462,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108478],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,108464,7936],{"class":114},[53,108466,102],{"class":67},[53,108468,253],{"class":252},[53,108470,28822],{"class":256},[53,108472,253],{"class":252},[53,108474,75],{"class":67},[53,108476,108477],{"class":98}," removed",[53,108479,108],{"class":67},[53,108481,108482,108484],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,108483,27299],{"class":1558},[53,108485,6265],{"class":67},[53,108487,108488,108490,108492,108494,108497,108499],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,108489,7936],{"class":114},[53,108491,102],{"class":67},[53,108493,253],{"class":252},[53,108495,108496],{"class":256},"The set is empty.",[53,108498,253],{"class":252},[53,108500,108],{"class":67},[830,108502,131,108504,4269,108506],{"id":108503},"use-try-and-except",[18,108505,29670],{},[18,108507,29701],{},[14,108509,108510],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[44,108512,108514],{"className":46,"code":108513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108515,108516,108526,108530,108536,108550,108568,108576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108517,108518,108520,108522,108524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108519,516],{"class":59},[53,108521,64],{"class":63},[53,108523,15497],{"class":2782},[53,108525,8510],{"class":67},[53,108527,108528],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108529,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,108531,108532,108534],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108533,29670],{"class":1558},[53,108535,6265],{"class":67},[53,108537,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,108539,108450],{"class":59},[53,108541,64],{"class":63},[53,108543,1080],{"class":59},[53,108545,95],{"class":67},[53,108547,26106],{"class":98},[53,108549,8510],{"class":67},[53,108551,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,108553,7936],{"class":114},[53,108555,102],{"class":67},[53,108557,253],{"class":252},[53,108559,28822],{"class":256},[53,108561,253],{"class":252},[53,108563,75],{"class":67},[53,108565,108477],{"class":98},[53,108567,108],{"class":67},[53,108569,108570,108572,108574],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,108571,29701],{"class":1558},[53,108573,29704],{"class":2782},[53,108575,6265],{"class":67},[53,108577,108578,108580,108582,108584,108587,108589],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,108579,7936],{"class":114},[53,108581,102],{"class":67},[53,108583,253],{"class":252},[53,108585,108586],{"class":256},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[53,108588,253],{"class":252},[53,108590,108],{"class":67},[39,108592,4835,108594,10452,108596,10452,108598],{"id":108593},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108595,12629],{},[18,108597,55253],{},[18,108599,102584],{},[14,108601,108602],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[830,108604,131,108606],{"id":108605},"use-pop",[18,108607,12629],{},[14,108609,131,108610,10468],{},[18,108611,12629],{},[140,108613,108614,108620,108623],{},[143,108615,108616,108617],{},"You want to remove ",[23,108618,108619],{},"any one item",[143,108621,108622],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[143,108624,108625],{},"You want the removed item returned",[44,108627,108629],{"className":46,"code":108628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108630,108631,108651,108665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108632,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647,108649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108634,60],{"class":59},[53,108636,64],{"class":63},[53,108638,679],{"class":67},[53,108640,72],{"class":71},[53,108642,75],{"class":67},[53,108644,78],{"class":71},[53,108646,75],{"class":67},[53,108648,83],{"class":71},[53,108650,9176],{"class":67},[53,108652,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108654,2325],{"class":59},[53,108656,64],{"class":63},[53,108658,4138],{"class":59},[53,108660,95],{"class":67},[53,108662,26106],{"class":98},[53,108664,8510],{"class":67},[53,108666,108667,108669,108671,108673],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108668,115],{"class":114},[53,108670,102],{"class":67},[53,108672,2350],{"class":98},[53,108674,108],{"class":67},[830,108676,131,108678],{"id":108677},"use-remove",[18,108679,55253],{},[14,108681,131,108682,10468],{},[18,108683,55253],{},[140,108685,108686,108692],{},[143,108687,108688,108689],{},"You want to delete a ",[23,108690,108691],{},"specific item",[143,108693,108694],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[44,108696,108698],{"className":46,"code":108697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108699,108700,108720,108734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108701,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108703,60],{"class":59},[53,108705,64],{"class":63},[53,108707,679],{"class":67},[53,108709,72],{"class":71},[53,108711,75],{"class":67},[53,108713,78],{"class":71},[53,108715,75],{"class":67},[53,108717,83],{"class":71},[53,108719,9176],{"class":67},[53,108721,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108723,92],{"class":59},[53,108725,95],{"class":67},[53,108727,34658],{"class":98},[53,108729,102],{"class":67},[53,108731,1937],{"class":71},[53,108733,108],{"class":67},[53,108735,108736,108738,108740,108742],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108737,115],{"class":114},[53,108739,102],{"class":67},[53,108741,92],{"class":98},[53,108743,108],{"class":67},[14,108745,108746,108747,108749,108750,108754],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108748,55253],{}," raises an error. See the ",[183,108751,108752,10608],{"href":97939},[18,108753,102598],{}," for details.",[830,108756,131,108758],{"id":108757},"use-discard",[18,108759,102584],{},[14,108761,131,108762,10468],{},[18,108763,102584],{},[140,108765,108766,108770],{},[143,108767,108688,108768],{},[23,108769,108691],{},[143,108771,108772,108773,108775],{},"You do ",[23,108774,36],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[44,108777,108779],{"className":46,"code":108778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108780,108781,108801,108815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108784,60],{"class":59},[53,108786,64],{"class":63},[53,108788,679],{"class":67},[53,108790,72],{"class":71},[53,108792,75],{"class":67},[53,108794,78],{"class":71},[53,108796,75],{"class":67},[53,108798,83],{"class":71},[53,108800,9176],{"class":67},[53,108802,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108804,92],{"class":59},[53,108806,95],{"class":67},[53,108808,102651],{"class":98},[53,108810,102],{"class":67},[53,108812,2017],{"class":71},[53,108814,108],{"class":67},[53,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108818,115],{"class":114},[53,108820,102],{"class":67},[53,108822,92],{"class":98},[53,108824,108],{"class":67},[14,108826,108827,108828,108830,108831,108835],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,108829,2017],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[183,108832,108833,10608],{"href":108187},[18,108834,102589],{}," for more examples.",[39,108837,2709],{"id":2708},[14,108839,71207,108840,597],{},[18,108841,107831],{},[140,108843,108844,108850,108855,108860],{},[143,108845,108846,108847],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,108848,108849],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[143,108851,8319,108852,108854],{},[18,108853,12629],{}," to remove the first or last item",[143,108856,29516,108857,108859],{},[18,108858,12629],{}," on an empty set",[143,108861,833,108862,108864],{},[18,108863,12629],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108866,62021],{},[44,108868,108870],{"className":46,"code":108869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,108871,108872,108882,108896,108910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108873,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108875,115],{"class":114},[53,108877,102],{"class":67},[53,108879,15530],{"class":98},[53,108881,108],{"class":67},[53,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,108885,115],{"class":114},[53,108887,102],{"class":67},[53,108889,11029],{"class":114},[53,108891,102],{"class":67},[53,108893,15530],{"class":98},[53,108895,1907],{"class":67},[53,108897,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,108899,115],{"class":114},[53,108901,102],{"class":67},[53,108903,3102],{"class":2782},[53,108905,102],{"class":67},[53,108907,15530],{"class":98},[53,108909,1907],{"class":67},[53,108911,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,108913,28404],{"class":59},[53,108915,64],{"class":63},[53,108917,96654],{"class":59},[53,108919,95],{"class":67},[53,108921,26106],{"class":98},[53,108923,8510],{"class":67},[14,108925,25873],{},[140,108927,108928,108931,108934,108937],{},[143,108929,108930],{},"What values are in the set",[143,108932,108933],{},"Whether the set is empty",[143,108935,108936],{},"That the object is really a set",[143,108938,108939],{},"What value was actually removed",[39,108941,1650],{"id":1649},[830,108943,12570,108945,108947],{"id":108944},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,108946,107831],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108949,108950,108951,108953],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,108952,12629],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[830,108955,108957,108958,2370],{"id":108956},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,108959,107831],{},[14,108961,108962,108963,108965,108966,108968],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,108964,12629],{},", set ",[18,108967,12629],{}," does not accept an index.",[830,108970,108972],{"id":108971},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108974,71376,108975,44492,108977,108979],{},[18,108976,19551],{},[18,108978,12629],{}," is called on an empty set.",[830,108981,108983],{"id":108982},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,108985,131,108986,2758,108988,10959,108990,95],{},[18,108987,55253],{},[18,108989,102584],{},[18,108991,12629],{},[39,108993,1782],{"id":1781},[140,108995,108996,109000,109006,109012,109016],{},[143,108997,108998],{},[183,108999,96058],{"href":97229},[143,109001,109002],{},[183,109003,96544,109004,10608],{"href":97939},[18,109005,55253],{},[143,109007,109008],{},[183,109009,96544,109010,10608],{"href":108187},[18,109011,102584],{},[143,109013,109014],{},[183,109015,11130],{"href":10941},[143,109017,109018],{},[183,109019,55239],{"href":54791},[1810,109021,109022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":109024},[109025,109026,109028,109029,109030,109031,109037,109046,109047,109055],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":107951,"depth":89,"text":109027},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":108089,"depth":89,"text":108090},{"id":108192,"depth":89,"text":108193},{"id":108346,"depth":89,"text":108347,"children":109032},[109033,109035],{"id":108412,"depth":111,"text":109034},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108503,"depth":111,"text":109036},"Use try and except",{"id":108593,"depth":89,"text":109038,"children":109039},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109040,109042,109044],{"id":108605,"depth":111,"text":109041},"Use pop()",{"id":108677,"depth":111,"text":109043},"Use remove()",{"id":108757,"depth":111,"text":109045},"Use discard()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":109048},[109049,109051,109053,109054],{"id":108944,"depth":111,"text":109050},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108956,"depth":111,"text":109052},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108971,"depth":111,"text":108972},{"id":108982,"depth":111,"text":108983},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107819,"description":109056},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109063,"title":109064,"body":109065,"description":110219,"extension":1841,"meta":110220,"navigation":301,"path":110221,"seo":110222,"stem":110223,"__hash__":110224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109066,"toc":110187},[109067,109072,109077,109086,109088,109153,109157,109181,109188,109193,109197,109212,109215,109217,109236,109250,109253,109301,109305,109321,109323,109396,109400,109425,109431,109439,109443,109450,109505,109510,109527,109533,109539,109544,109552,109559,109563,109571,109626,109628,109645,109649,109656,109721,109725,109758,109760,109772,109779,109781,109786,109793,109795,109864,109868,109876,109878,109942,109946,109951,109998,110003,110071,110079,110086,110089,110095,110100,110104,110106,110109,110111,110116,110121,110127,110132,110139,110147,110153,110156,110158,110184],[10,109068,95930,109070,11190],{"id":109069},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109071,55253],{},[14,109073,109074,109076],{},[18,109075,102598],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109078,109079,109080,109083,109084,95],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[23,109081,109082],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109085,19551],{},[39,109087,1882],{"id":1881},[44,109089,109091],{"className":46,"code":109090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109092,109093,109125,109143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109094,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109096,398],{"class":59},[53,109098,64],{"class":63},[53,109100,679],{"class":67},[53,109102,253],{"class":252},[53,109104,407],{"class":256},[53,109106,253],{"class":252},[53,109108,75],{"class":67},[53,109110,264],{"class":252},[53,109112,416],{"class":256},[53,109114,253],{"class":252},[53,109116,75],{"class":67},[53,109118,264],{"class":252},[53,109120,436],{"class":256},[53,109122,253],{"class":252},[53,109124,9176],{"class":67},[53,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109128,425],{"class":59},[53,109130,95],{"class":67},[53,109132,34658],{"class":98},[53,109134,102],{"class":67},[53,109136,253],{"class":252},[53,109138,416],{"class":256},[53,109140,253],{"class":252},[53,109142,108],{"class":67},[53,109144,109145,109147,109149,109151],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109146,115],{"class":114},[53,109148,102],{"class":67},[53,109150,425],{"class":98},[53,109152,108],{"class":67},[14,109154,109155],{},[23,109156,29896],{},[44,109158,109159],{"className":46,"code":103278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,109160,109161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109162,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109164,9145],{"class":67},[53,109166,341],{"class":252},[53,109168,407],{"class":256},[53,109170,341],{"class":252},[53,109172,75],{"class":67},[53,109174,350],{"class":252},[53,109176,436],{"class":256},[53,109178,341],{"class":252},[53,109180,9176],{"class":67},[14,109182,131,109183,109185,109186,95],{},[18,109184,55253],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109187,19551],{},[39,109189,3556,109191,3559],{"id":109190},"what-setremove-does",[18,109192,102598],{},[14,109194,109195,597],{},[18,109196,102598],{},[140,109198,109199,109202,109204,109206],{},[143,109200,109201],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[143,109203,96045],{},[143,109205,96048],{},[143,109207,109208,109209,109211],{},"Raises ",[18,109210,19551],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109213,109214],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[39,109216,2039],{"id":2038},[44,109218,109220],{"className":46,"code":109219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109221,109222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109223,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109225,15530],{"class":59},[53,109227,95],{"class":67},[53,109229,34658],{"class":98},[53,109231,102],{"class":67},[53,109233,2350],{"class":98},[53,109235,108],{"class":67},[140,109237,109238,109242,109247],{},[143,109239,109240,102820],{},[18,109241,15530],{},[143,109243,109244,109246],{},[18,109245,2350],{}," is the item to remove",[143,109248,109249],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109251,109252],{},"Here is a small example:",[44,109254,109255],{"className":46,"code":108697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,109256,109257,109277,109291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109258,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109260,60],{"class":59},[53,109262,64],{"class":63},[53,109264,679],{"class":67},[53,109266,72],{"class":71},[53,109268,75],{"class":67},[53,109270,78],{"class":71},[53,109272,75],{"class":67},[53,109274,83],{"class":71},[53,109276,9176],{"class":67},[53,109278,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109280,92],{"class":59},[53,109282,95],{"class":67},[53,109284,34658],{"class":98},[53,109286,102],{"class":67},[53,109288,1937],{"class":71},[53,109290,108],{"class":67},[53,109292,109293,109295,109297,109299],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109294,115],{"class":114},[53,109296,102],{"class":67},[53,109298,92],{"class":98},[53,109300,108],{"class":67},[14,109302,109303],{},[23,109304,29896],{},[44,109306,109307],{"className":46,"code":101028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,109308,109309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109312,9145],{"class":67},[53,109314,72],{"class":71},[53,109316,75],{"class":67},[53,109318,83],{"class":71},[53,109320,9176],{"class":67},[39,109322,385],{"id":384},[44,109324,109326],{"className":46,"code":109325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109327,109328,109360,109364,109382,109386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109329,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109331,245],{"class":59},[53,109333,64],{"class":63},[53,109335,679],{"class":67},[53,109337,253],{"class":252},[53,109339,257],{"class":256},[53,109341,253],{"class":252},[53,109343,75],{"class":67},[53,109345,264],{"class":252},[53,109347,267],{"class":256},[53,109349,253],{"class":252},[53,109351,75],{"class":67},[53,109353,264],{"class":252},[53,109355,292],{"class":256},[53,109357,253],{"class":252},[53,109359,9176],{"class":67},[53,109361,109362],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109363,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,109365,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109367,311],{"class":59},[53,109369,95],{"class":67},[53,109371,34658],{"class":98},[53,109373,102],{"class":67},[53,109375,253],{"class":252},[53,109377,267],{"class":256},[53,109379,253],{"class":252},[53,109381,108],{"class":67},[53,109383,109384],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,109385,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,109387,109388,109390,109392,109394],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,109389,115],{"class":114},[53,109391,102],{"class":67},[53,109393,311],{"class":98},[53,109395,108],{"class":67},[14,109397,109398],{},[23,109399,29896],{},[44,109401,109403],{"className":46,"code":109402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109404,109405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109406,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109408,9145],{"class":67},[53,109410,341],{"class":252},[53,109412,257],{"class":256},[53,109414,341],{"class":252},[53,109416,75],{"class":67},[53,109418,350],{"class":252},[53,109420,292],{"class":256},[53,109422,341],{"class":252},[53,109424,9176],{"class":67},[14,109426,109427,109428,109430],{},"This removes ",[18,109429,65001],{}," from the set.",[14,109432,109433,109434,109436,109437,95],{},"A set does ",[23,109435,36],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[183,109438,96062],{"href":97613},[39,109440,109442],{"id":109441},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109444,109445,109446,52358,109448,95],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109447,55253],{},[18,109449,19551],{},[44,109451,109453],{"className":46,"code":109452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109454,109455,109487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109458,398],{"class":59},[53,109460,64],{"class":63},[53,109462,679],{"class":67},[53,109464,253],{"class":252},[53,109466,407],{"class":256},[53,109468,253],{"class":252},[53,109470,75],{"class":67},[53,109472,264],{"class":252},[53,109474,416],{"class":256},[53,109476,253],{"class":252},[53,109478,75],{"class":67},[53,109480,264],{"class":252},[53,109482,436],{"class":256},[53,109484,253],{"class":252},[53,109486,9176],{"class":67},[53,109488,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109490,425],{"class":59},[53,109492,95],{"class":67},[53,109494,34658],{"class":98},[53,109496,102],{"class":67},[53,109498,253],{"class":252},[53,109500,22389],{"class":256},[53,109502,253],{"class":252},[53,109504,108],{"class":67},[14,109506,109507],{},[23,109508,109509],{},"Result:",[44,109511,109513],{"className":46,"code":109512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109514,109515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109516,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109518,19551],{"class":2782},[53,109520,597],{"class":67},[53,109522,350],{"class":252},[53,109524,22389],{"class":256},[53,109526,29566],{"class":252},[14,109528,22054,109529,109532],{},[18,109530,109531],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109534,109535,109536,109538],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109537,55253],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109540,109541,109542,95],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[183,109543,11130],{"href":10941},[39,109545,4073,109547,109549,109550],{"id":109546},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109548,55253],{}," is different from ",[18,109551,102584],{},[14,109553,109554,4269,109556,109558],{},[18,109555,55253],{},[18,109557,102584],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[830,109560,109561],{"id":34658},[18,109562,55253],{},[140,109564,109565,109568],{},[143,109566,109567],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[143,109569,109570],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[44,109572,109574],{"className":46,"code":109573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109575,109576,109608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109577,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109579,1411],{"class":59},[53,109581,64],{"class":63},[53,109583,679],{"class":67},[53,109585,253],{"class":252},[53,109587,183],{"class":256},[53,109589,253],{"class":252},[53,109591,75],{"class":67},[53,109593,264],{"class":252},[53,109595,1453],{"class":256},[53,109597,253],{"class":252},[53,109599,75],{"class":67},[53,109601,264],{"class":252},[53,109603,1428],{"class":256},[53,109605,253],{"class":252},[53,109607,9176],{"class":67},[53,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109611,1437],{"class":59},[53,109613,95],{"class":67},[53,109615,34658],{"class":98},[53,109617,102],{"class":67},[53,109619,253],{"class":252},[53,109621,18632],{"class":256},[53,109623,253],{"class":252},[53,109625,108],{"class":67},[14,109627,108384],{},[44,109629,109631],{"className":46,"code":109630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109632,109633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109636,19551],{"class":2782},[53,109638,597],{"class":67},[53,109640,350],{"class":252},[53,109642,18632],{"class":256},[53,109644,29566],{"class":252},[830,109646,109647],{"id":102651},[18,109648,102584],{},[140,109650,109651,109653],{},[143,109652,109567],{},[143,109654,109655],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[44,109657,109659],{"className":46,"code":109658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109660,109661,109693,109711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109662,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109664,1411],{"class":59},[53,109666,64],{"class":63},[53,109668,679],{"class":67},[53,109670,253],{"class":252},[53,109672,183],{"class":256},[53,109674,253],{"class":252},[53,109676,75],{"class":67},[53,109678,264],{"class":252},[53,109680,1453],{"class":256},[53,109682,253],{"class":252},[53,109684,75],{"class":67},[53,109686,264],{"class":252},[53,109688,1428],{"class":256},[53,109690,253],{"class":252},[53,109692,9176],{"class":67},[53,109694,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109696,1437],{"class":59},[53,109698,95],{"class":67},[53,109700,102651],{"class":98},[53,109702,102],{"class":67},[53,109704,253],{"class":252},[53,109706,18632],{"class":256},[53,109708,253],{"class":252},[53,109710,108],{"class":67},[53,109712,109713,109715,109717,109719],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109714,115],{"class":114},[53,109716,102],{"class":67},[53,109718,1437],{"class":98},[53,109720,108],{"class":67},[14,109722,109723],{},[23,109724,328],{},[44,109726,109728],{"className":46,"code":109727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109729,109730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109731,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109733,9145],{"class":67},[53,109735,341],{"class":252},[53,109737,183],{"class":256},[53,109739,341],{"class":252},[53,109741,75],{"class":67},[53,109743,350],{"class":252},[53,109745,1453],{"class":256},[53,109747,341],{"class":252},[53,109749,75],{"class":67},[53,109751,350],{"class":252},[53,109753,1428],{"class":256},[53,109755,341],{"class":252},[53,109757,9176],{"class":67},[14,109759,18559],{},[140,109761,109762,109767],{},[143,109763,109764,109766],{},[18,109765,55253],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[143,109768,109769,109771],{},[18,109770,102584],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109773,109774,109775,95],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[183,109776,96544,109777,10608],{"href":108187},[18,109778,102584],{},[39,109780,1039],{"id":1038},[830,109782,8319,109784,96924],{"id":109783},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,109785,55253],{},[14,109787,109788,109790,109791,95],{},[18,109789,55253],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,109792,232],{},[14,109794,16508],{},[44,109796,109798],{"className":46,"code":109797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,109799,109800,109832,109854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109801,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109803,398],{"class":59},[53,109805,64],{"class":63},[53,109807,679],{"class":67},[53,109809,253],{"class":252},[53,109811,407],{"class":256},[53,109813,253],{"class":252},[53,109815,75],{"class":67},[53,109817,264],{"class":252},[53,109819,416],{"class":256},[53,109821,253],{"class":252},[53,109823,75],{"class":67},[53,109825,264],{"class":252},[53,109827,436],{"class":256},[53,109829,253],{"class":252},[53,109831,9176],{"class":67},[53,109833,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109835,12983],{"class":59},[53,109837,64],{"class":63},[53,109839,12988],{"class":59},[53,109841,95],{"class":67},[53,109843,34658],{"class":98},[53,109845,102],{"class":67},[53,109847,253],{"class":252},[53,109849,416],{"class":256},[53,109851,253],{"class":252},[53,109853,108],{"class":67},[53,109855,109856,109858,109860,109862],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109857,115],{"class":114},[53,109859,102],{"class":67},[53,109861,13007],{"class":98},[53,109863,108],{"class":67},[14,109865,109866],{},[23,109867,328],{},[44,109869,109870],{"className":46,"code":370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,109871,109872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109873,109874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109875,370],{"class":369},[14,109877,16520],{},[44,109879,109880],{"className":46,"code":109090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,109881,109882,109914,109932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109883,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109885,398],{"class":59},[53,109887,64],{"class":63},[53,109889,679],{"class":67},[53,109891,253],{"class":252},[53,109893,407],{"class":256},[53,109895,253],{"class":252},[53,109897,75],{"class":67},[53,109899,264],{"class":252},[53,109901,416],{"class":256},[53,109903,253],{"class":252},[53,109905,75],{"class":67},[53,109907,264],{"class":252},[53,109909,436],{"class":256},[53,109911,253],{"class":252},[53,109913,9176],{"class":67},[53,109915,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109917,425],{"class":59},[53,109919,95],{"class":67},[53,109921,34658],{"class":98},[53,109923,102],{"class":67},[53,109925,253],{"class":252},[53,109927,416],{"class":256},[53,109929,253],{"class":252},[53,109931,108],{"class":67},[53,109933,109934,109936,109938,109940],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,109935,115],{"class":114},[53,109937,102],{"class":67},[53,109939,425],{"class":98},[53,109941,108],{"class":67},[830,109943,109945],{"id":109944},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109947,109948,109949,95],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,109950,19551],{},[44,109952,109954],{"className":46,"code":109953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109955,109956,109980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109957,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109959,398],{"class":59},[53,109961,64],{"class":63},[53,109963,679],{"class":67},[53,109965,253],{"class":252},[53,109967,407],{"class":256},[53,109969,253],{"class":252},[53,109971,75],{"class":67},[53,109973,264],{"class":252},[53,109975,416],{"class":256},[53,109977,253],{"class":252},[53,109979,9176],{"class":67},[53,109981,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,109983,425],{"class":59},[53,109985,95],{"class":67},[53,109987,34658],{"class":98},[53,109989,102],{"class":67},[53,109991,253],{"class":252},[53,109993,436],{"class":256},[53,109995,253],{"class":252},[53,109997,108],{"class":67},[14,109999,110000,110001,597],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110002,1565],{},[44,110004,110006],{"className":46,"code":110005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110007,110008,110032,110036,110052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110009,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110011,398],{"class":59},[53,110013,64],{"class":63},[53,110015,679],{"class":67},[53,110017,253],{"class":252},[53,110019,407],{"class":256},[53,110021,253],{"class":252},[53,110023,75],{"class":67},[53,110025,264],{"class":252},[53,110027,416],{"class":256},[53,110029,253],{"class":252},[53,110031,9176],{"class":67},[53,110033,110034],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110035,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110037,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110039,6867],{"class":1558},[53,110041,264],{"class":252},[53,110043,436],{"class":256},[53,110045,253],{"class":252},[53,110047,21038],{"class":63},[53,110049,12988],{"class":59},[53,110051,6265],{"class":67},[53,110053,110054,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110055,110056],{"class":59},"    colors",[53,110058,95],{"class":67},[53,110060,34658],{"class":98},[53,110062,102],{"class":67},[53,110064,253],{"class":252},[53,110066,436],{"class":256},[53,110068,253],{"class":252},[53,110070,108],{"class":67},[14,110072,110073,110074,110078],{},"Or use ",[183,110075,110076],{"href":108187},[18,110077,102584],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[830,110080,37066,110082,8572,110084],{"id":110081},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110083,102598],{},[18,110085,54799],{},[14,110087,110088],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110090,110091,110092,110094],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110093,102598],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110096,110097,110098,95],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[183,110099,98808],{"href":98807},[830,110101,110103],{"id":110102},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110105,108093],{},[14,110107,110108],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[39,110110,1650],{"id":1649},[830,110112,12570,110114,97023],{"id":110113},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110115,102598],{},[14,110117,110118,110119,95],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110120,232],{},[830,110122,30154,110124,110126],{"id":110123},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110125,102598],{}," raise?",[14,110128,30160,110129,110131],{},[18,110130,19551],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[830,110133,21285,110135,2758,110137,2370],{"id":110134},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110136,55253],{},[18,110138,102584],{},[14,110140,131,110141,110143,110144,110146],{},[18,110142,55253],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110145,102584],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[830,110148,5045,110150,110152],{"id":110149},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110151,102598],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110154,110155],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[39,110157,1782],{"id":1781},[140,110159,110160,110166,110172,110176,110180],{},[143,110161,110162],{},[183,110163,96544,110164,10608],{"href":108187},[18,110165,102584],{},[143,110167,110168],{},[183,110169,96544,110170,10608],{"href":97944},[18,110171,12629],{},[143,110173,110174],{},[183,110175,97068],{"href":97613},[143,110177,110178],{},[183,110179,100074],{"href":98807},[143,110181,110182],{},[183,110183,11130],{"href":10941},[1810,110185,110186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":110188},[110189,110190,110192,110193,110194,110195,110200,110208,110218],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":109190,"depth":89,"text":110191},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":109441,"depth":89,"text":109442},{"id":109546,"depth":89,"text":110196,"children":110197},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110198,110199],{"id":34658,"depth":111,"text":55253},{"id":102651,"depth":111,"text":102584},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":110201},[110202,110204,110205,110207],{"id":109783,"depth":111,"text":110203},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109944,"depth":111,"text":109945},{"id":110081,"depth":111,"text":110206},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110102,"depth":111,"text":110103},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":110209},[110210,110212,110214,110216],{"id":110113,"depth":111,"text":110211},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110123,"depth":111,"text":110213},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110134,"depth":111,"text":110215},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110149,"depth":111,"text":110217},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109064,"description":110219},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110226,"title":110227,"body":110228,"description":111601,"extension":1841,"meta":111602,"navigation":301,"path":111603,"seo":111604,"stem":111605,"__hash__":111606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110229,"toc":111576},[110230,110236,110242,110245,110248,110262,110264,110345,110348,110353,110357,110371,110378,110380,110399,110402,110420,110422,110502,110504,110529,110533,110536,110544,110549,110554,110556,110569,110574,110577,110601,110604,110612,110614,110617,110714,110716,110749,110751,110777,110784,110787,110791,110799,110803,110811,110813,110903,110905,110919,110926,110931,110936,110938,111029,111031,111043,111045,111059,111065,111073,111075,111157,111159,111204,111207,111215,111218,111220,111224,111267,111269,111289,111294,111296,111381,111383,111388,111390,111397,111405,111411,111414,111416,111502,111504,111528,111532,111535,111537,111564,111574],[10,110231,95930,110233,11190],{"id":110232},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110234,110235],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110237,110238,110241],{},[18,110239,110240],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110243,110244],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110246,110247],{},"Use it when:",[140,110249,110250,110253,110259],{},[143,110251,110252],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[143,110254,110255,110256,110258],{},"you do ",[23,110257,36],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[143,110260,110261],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[39,110263,42],{"id":41},[44,110265,110267],{"className":46,"code":110266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110268,110269,110289,110309,110313,110332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110270,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110272,2432],{"class":59},[53,110274,64],{"class":63},[53,110276,679],{"class":67},[53,110278,72],{"class":71},[53,110280,75],{"class":67},[53,110282,78],{"class":71},[53,110284,75],{"class":67},[53,110286,83],{"class":71},[53,110288,9176],{"class":67},[53,110290,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110292,2460],{"class":59},[53,110294,64],{"class":63},[53,110296,679],{"class":67},[53,110298,754],{"class":71},[53,110300,75],{"class":67},[53,110302,759],{"class":71},[53,110304,75],{"class":67},[53,110306,1577],{"class":71},[53,110308,9176],{"class":67},[53,110310,110311],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110312,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110314,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110326,110328,110330],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110316,276],{"class":59},[53,110318,64],{"class":63},[53,110320,56612],{"class":59},[53,110322,95],{"class":67},[53,110324,110325],{"class":98},"symmetric_difference",[53,110327,102],{"class":67},[53,110329,1453],{"class":98},[53,110331,108],{"class":67},[53,110333,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,110335,115],{"class":114},[53,110337,102],{"class":67},[53,110339,323],{"class":98},[53,110341,3539],{"class":67},[53,110343,110344],{"class":127},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110346,110347],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[39,110349,3556,110351,3559],{"id":110350},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110352,110235],{},[14,110354,110355,597],{},[18,110356,110240],{},[140,110358,110359,110362,110365,110368],{},[143,110360,110361],{},"returns a new set",[143,110363,110364],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[143,110366,110367],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[143,110369,110370],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110372,96054,110373,2758,110375,95],{},[183,110374,96058],{"href":96057},[183,110376,110377],{"href":96061},"creating a set in Python",[39,110379,2039],{"id":2038},[44,110381,110383],{"className":46,"code":110382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110384,110385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110386,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110388,100315],{"class":59},[53,110390,95],{"class":67},[53,110392,110325],{"class":98},[53,110394,102],{"class":67},[53,110396,100324],{"class":98},[53,110398,108],{"class":67},[14,110400,110401],{},"Notes:",[140,110403,110404,110409,110414,110417],{},[143,110405,110406,110408],{},[18,110407,100315],{}," must be a set",[143,110410,110411,110413],{},[18,110412,100324],{}," can be any iterable",[143,110415,110416],{},"the result is always a set",[143,110418,110419],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110421,235],{},[44,110423,110425],{"className":46,"code":110424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110426,110427,110448,110469,110473,110492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110428,110429,110432,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110430,110431],{"class":59},"set1 ",[53,110433,64],{"class":63},[53,110435,679],{"class":67},[53,110437,72],{"class":71},[53,110439,75],{"class":67},[53,110441,78],{"class":71},[53,110443,75],{"class":67},[53,110445,83],{"class":71},[53,110447,9176],{"class":67},[53,110449,110450,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110451,110452],{"class":59},"set2 ",[53,110454,64],{"class":63},[53,110456,679],{"class":67},[53,110458,754],{"class":71},[53,110460,75],{"class":67},[53,110462,759],{"class":71},[53,110464,75],{"class":67},[53,110466,1577],{"class":71},[53,110468,9176],{"class":67},[53,110470,110471],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110472,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110474,110475,110477,110479,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110476,276],{"class":59},[53,110478,64],{"class":63},[53,110480,110481],{"class":59}," set1",[53,110483,95],{"class":67},[53,110485,110325],{"class":98},[53,110487,102],{"class":67},[53,110489,100324],{"class":98},[53,110491,108],{"class":67},[53,110493,110494,110496,110498,110500],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,110495,115],{"class":114},[53,110497,102],{"class":67},[53,110499,323],{"class":98},[53,110501,108],{"class":67},[14,110503,328],{},[44,110505,110507],{"className":46,"code":110506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110508,110509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110510,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110512,9145],{"class":67},[53,110514,72],{"class":71},[53,110516,75],{"class":67},[53,110518,78],{"class":71},[53,110520,75],{"class":67},[53,110522,759],{"class":71},[53,110524,75],{"class":67},[53,110526,1577],{"class":71},[53,110528,9176],{"class":67},[39,110530,110532],{"id":110531},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110534,110535],{},"The result includes:",[140,110537,110538,110541],{},[143,110539,110540],{},"items only in the first set",[143,110542,110543],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110545,110546,110547,10950],{},"The result does ",[23,110548,36],{},[140,110550,110551],{},[143,110552,110553],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110555,5345],{},[140,110557,110558,110563],{},[143,110559,110560,110561],{},"first set: ",[18,110562,100012],{},[143,110564,110565,110566],{},"second set: ",[18,110567,110568],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110570,3925,110571,110573],{},[18,110572,754],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110575,110576],{},"The output is:",[44,110578,110579],{"className":46,"code":110506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,110580,110581],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110584,9145],{"class":67},[53,110586,72],{"class":71},[53,110588,75],{"class":67},[53,110590,78],{"class":71},[53,110592,75],{"class":67},[53,110594,759],{"class":71},[53,110596,75],{"class":67},[53,110598,1577],{"class":71},[53,110600,9176],{"class":67},[14,110602,110603],{},"Also remember:",[140,110605,110606,110609],{},[143,110607,110608],{},"sets are unordered",[143,110610,110611],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[39,110613,385],{"id":384},[14,110615,110616],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[44,110618,110620],{"className":46,"code":110619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110621,110622,110654,110678,110682,110700,110704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110623,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110625,106755],{"class":59},[53,110627,64],{"class":63},[53,110629,679],{"class":67},[53,110631,253],{"class":252},[53,110633,407],{"class":256},[53,110635,253],{"class":252},[53,110637,75],{"class":67},[53,110639,264],{"class":252},[53,110641,416],{"class":256},[53,110643,253],{"class":252},[53,110645,75],{"class":67},[53,110647,264],{"class":252},[53,110649,436],{"class":256},[53,110651,253],{"class":252},[53,110653,9176],{"class":67},[53,110655,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110657,106788],{"class":59},[53,110659,64],{"class":63},[53,110661,679],{"class":67},[53,110663,253],{"class":252},[53,110665,436],{"class":256},[53,110667,253],{"class":252},[53,110669,75],{"class":67},[53,110671,264],{"class":252},[53,110673,22389],{"class":256},[53,110675,253],{"class":252},[53,110677,9176],{"class":67},[53,110679,110680],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110681,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110683,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110685,276],{"class":59},[53,110687,64],{"class":63},[53,110689,106830],{"class":59},[53,110691,95],{"class":67},[53,110693,110325],{"class":98},[53,110695,102],{"class":67},[53,110697,106839],{"class":98},[53,110699,108],{"class":67},[53,110701,110702],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,110703,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110705,110706,110708,110710,110712],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,110707,115],{"class":114},[53,110709,102],{"class":67},[53,110711,323],{"class":98},[53,110713,108],{"class":67},[14,110715,328],{},[44,110717,110719],{"className":46,"code":110718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110720,110721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110724,9145],{"class":67},[53,110726,341],{"class":252},[53,110728,407],{"class":256},[53,110730,341],{"class":252},[53,110732,75],{"class":67},[53,110734,350],{"class":252},[53,110736,416],{"class":256},[53,110738,341],{"class":252},[53,110740,75],{"class":67},[53,110742,350],{"class":252},[53,110744,22389],{"class":256},[53,110746,341],{"class":252},[53,110748,9176],{"class":67},[14,110750,13274],{},[140,110752,110753,110758,110769],{},[143,110754,110755,110757],{},[18,110756,96223],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[143,110759,110760,4269,110762,110765,110766,110768],{},[18,110761,65119],{},[18,110763,110764],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110767,106892],{},", so they stay",[143,110770,110771,110773,110774,110776],{},[18,110772,109531],{}," is only in ",[18,110775,106839],{},", so it stays",[39,110778,110780,10452,110782],{"id":110779},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,110781,110235],{},[18,110783,100144],{},[14,110785,110786],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110788,110789,597],{},[18,110790,100144],{},[140,110792,110793,110796],{},[143,110794,110795],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[143,110797,110798],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110800,110801,597],{},[18,110802,110235],{},[140,110804,110805,110808],{},[143,110806,110807],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[143,110809,110810],{},"removes shared items",[14,110812,235],{},[44,110814,110816],{"className":46,"code":110815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110817,110818,110838,110858,110862,110883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110819,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110821,2432],{"class":59},[53,110823,64],{"class":63},[53,110825,679],{"class":67},[53,110827,72],{"class":71},[53,110829,75],{"class":67},[53,110831,78],{"class":71},[53,110833,75],{"class":67},[53,110835,83],{"class":71},[53,110837,9176],{"class":67},[53,110839,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110841,2460],{"class":59},[53,110843,64],{"class":63},[53,110845,679],{"class":67},[53,110847,754],{"class":71},[53,110849,75],{"class":67},[53,110851,759],{"class":71},[53,110853,75],{"class":67},[53,110855,1577],{"class":71},[53,110857,9176],{"class":67},[53,110859,110860],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110861,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110863,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110865,115],{"class":114},[53,110867,102],{"class":67},[53,110869,183],{"class":98},[53,110871,95],{"class":67},[53,110873,2690],{"class":98},[53,110875,102],{"class":67},[53,110877,1453],{"class":98},[53,110879,5236],{"class":67},[53,110881,110882],{"class":127},"            # {1, 2}\n",[53,110884,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,110886,115],{"class":114},[53,110888,102],{"class":67},[53,110890,183],{"class":98},[53,110892,95],{"class":67},[53,110894,110325],{"class":98},[53,110896,102],{"class":67},[53,110898,1453],{"class":98},[53,110900,5236],{"class":67},[53,110902,110344],{"class":127},[14,110904,18559],{},[140,110906,110907,110914],{},[143,110908,110909,110913],{},[183,110910,110911],{"href":102570},[18,110912,100144],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[143,110915,110916,110918],{},[18,110917,110235],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[39,110920,110922,10452,110924],{"id":110921},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,110923,110235],{},[18,110925,102529],{},[14,110927,110928,110930],{},[18,110929,102529],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110932,110933,110935],{},[18,110934,110235],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110937,235],{},[44,110939,110941],{"className":46,"code":110940,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110942,110943,110963,110983,110987,111009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110944,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110946,2432],{"class":59},[53,110948,64],{"class":63},[53,110950,679],{"class":67},[53,110952,72],{"class":71},[53,110954,75],{"class":67},[53,110956,78],{"class":71},[53,110958,75],{"class":67},[53,110960,83],{"class":71},[53,110962,9176],{"class":67},[53,110964,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,110966,2460],{"class":59},[53,110968,64],{"class":63},[53,110970,679],{"class":67},[53,110972,754],{"class":71},[53,110974,75],{"class":67},[53,110976,759],{"class":71},[53,110978,75],{"class":67},[53,110980,1577],{"class":71},[53,110982,9176],{"class":67},[53,110984,110985],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,110986,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,110988,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,111000,111002,111004,111006],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,110990,115],{"class":114},[53,110992,102],{"class":67},[53,110994,183],{"class":98},[53,110996,95],{"class":67},[53,110998,110999],{"class":98},"union",[53,111001,102],{"class":67},[53,111003,1453],{"class":98},[53,111005,5236],{"class":67},[53,111007,111008],{"class":127},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[53,111010,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111012,115],{"class":114},[53,111014,102],{"class":67},[53,111016,183],{"class":98},[53,111018,95],{"class":67},[53,111020,110325],{"class":98},[53,111022,102],{"class":67},[53,111024,1453],{"class":98},[53,111026,5236],{"class":67},[53,111028,110344],{"class":127},[14,111030,27086],{},[140,111032,111033,111038],{},[143,111034,111035,111037],{},[18,111036,102529],{}," includes everything",[143,111039,111040,111042],{},[18,111041,110235],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111044,18559],{},[140,111046,111047,111054],{},[143,111048,111049,111053],{},[183,111050,111051],{"href":107460},[18,111052,102529],{}," when overlap does not matter",[143,111055,111056,111058],{},[18,111057,110235],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[39,111060,36474,111062,101328],{"id":111061},"using-the-operator",[18,111063,111064],{},"^",[14,111066,111067,111068,111070,111071,95],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111069,111064],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111072,110235],{},[14,111074,235],{},[44,111076,111078],{"className":46,"code":111077,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111079,111080,111100,111120,111124,111142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111081,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111083,110431],{"class":59},[53,111085,64],{"class":63},[53,111087,679],{"class":67},[53,111089,72],{"class":71},[53,111091,75],{"class":67},[53,111093,78],{"class":71},[53,111095,75],{"class":67},[53,111097,83],{"class":71},[53,111099,9176],{"class":67},[53,111101,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111103,110452],{"class":59},[53,111105,64],{"class":63},[53,111107,679],{"class":67},[53,111109,754],{"class":71},[53,111111,75],{"class":67},[53,111113,759],{"class":71},[53,111115,75],{"class":67},[53,111117,1577],{"class":71},[53,111119,9176],{"class":67},[53,111121,111122],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111123,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111125,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111127,115],{"class":114},[53,111129,102],{"class":67},[53,111131,100315],{"class":98},[53,111133,95],{"class":67},[53,111135,110325],{"class":98},[53,111137,102],{"class":67},[53,111139,100324],{"class":98},[53,111141,1907],{"class":67},[53,111143,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111155],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111145,115],{"class":114},[53,111147,102],{"class":67},[53,111149,110431],{"class":98},[53,111151,111064],{"class":63},[53,111153,111154],{"class":98}," set2",[53,111156,108],{"class":67},[14,111158,29896],{},[44,111160,111162],{"className":46,"code":111161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111163,111164,111184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111165,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111167,9145],{"class":67},[53,111169,72],{"class":71},[53,111171,75],{"class":67},[53,111173,78],{"class":71},[53,111175,75],{"class":67},[53,111177,759],{"class":71},[53,111179,75],{"class":67},[53,111181,1577],{"class":71},[53,111183,9176],{"class":67},[53,111185,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111187,9145],{"class":67},[53,111189,72],{"class":71},[53,111191,75],{"class":67},[53,111193,78],{"class":71},[53,111195,75],{"class":67},[53,111197,759],{"class":71},[53,111199,75],{"class":67},[53,111201,1577],{"class":71},[53,111203,9176],{"class":67},[14,111205,111206],{},"Both forms:",[140,111208,111209,111212],{},[143,111210,111211],{},"return a new set",[143,111213,111214],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111216,111217],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[39,111219,1039],{"id":1038},[14,111221,21076,111222,597],{},[18,111223,110235],{},[140,111225,111226,111234,111244,111259],{},[143,111227,111228,111231,111233],{},[23,111229,111230],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9713,111232],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[143,111235,111236,111239,111241,111243],{},[23,111237,111238],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9713,111240],{},[18,111242,110235],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[143,111245,111246,111251,111253,111255,111256,111258],{},[23,111247,111248,111249],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111250,100144],{},[9713,111252],{},[18,111254,100144],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111257,110235],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[143,111260,111261,111264,111266],{},[23,111262,111263],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9713,111265],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111268,58587],{},[140,111270,111271,111280,111283,111286],{},[143,111272,50355,111273,44492,111275,111279],{},[18,111274,110235],{},[183,111276,111277],{"href":107460},[18,111278,102529],{}," is actually needed",[143,111281,111282],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[143,111284,111285],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[143,111287,111288],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111290,111291,111292,95],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[183,111293,98808],{"href":105073},[14,111295,62021],{},[44,111297,111299],{"className":46,"code":111298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111300,111301,111311,111321,111339,111353,111367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111302,111303,111305,111307,111309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111304,115],{"class":114},[53,111306,102],{"class":67},[53,111308,100315],{"class":98},[53,111310,108],{"class":67},[53,111312,111313,111315,111317,111319],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111314,115],{"class":114},[53,111316,102],{"class":67},[53,111318,100324],{"class":98},[53,111320,108],{"class":67},[53,111322,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111324,115],{"class":114},[53,111326,102],{"class":67},[53,111328,100315],{"class":98},[53,111330,95],{"class":67},[53,111332,110325],{"class":98},[53,111334,102],{"class":67},[53,111336,100324],{"class":98},[53,111338,1907],{"class":67},[53,111340,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111342,115],{"class":114},[53,111344,102],{"class":67},[53,111346,110431],{"class":98},[53,111348,111064],{"class":63},[53,111350,111154],{"class":98},[53,111352,108],{"class":67},[53,111354,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111356,115],{"class":114},[53,111358,102],{"class":67},[53,111360,3102],{"class":2782},[53,111362,102],{"class":67},[53,111364,100315],{"class":98},[53,111366,1907],{"class":67},[53,111368,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,111370,115],{"class":114},[53,111372,102],{"class":67},[53,111374,3102],{"class":2782},[53,111376,102],{"class":67},[53,111378,100324],{"class":98},[53,111380,1907],{"class":67},[39,111382,1650],{"id":1649},[830,111384,12570,111386,102469],{"id":111385},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111387,110235],{},[14,111389,102472],{},[830,111391,5055,111393,4269,111395,2370],{"id":111392},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111394,110235],{},[18,111396,100144],{},[14,111398,111399,111401,111402,111404],{},[18,111400,100144],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111403,110235],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[830,111406,28194,111408,111410],{"id":111407},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111409,110235],{}," with lists?",[14,111412,111413],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111415,235],{},[44,111417,111419],{"className":46,"code":111418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111420,111421,111441,111461,111465,111492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111422,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111424,80385],{"class":59},[53,111426,64],{"class":63},[53,111428,68],{"class":67},[53,111430,72],{"class":71},[53,111432,75],{"class":67},[53,111434,78],{"class":71},[53,111436,75],{"class":67},[53,111438,83],{"class":71},[53,111440,86],{"class":67},[53,111442,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111444,80406],{"class":59},[53,111446,64],{"class":63},[53,111448,68],{"class":67},[53,111450,754],{"class":71},[53,111452,75],{"class":67},[53,111454,759],{"class":71},[53,111456,75],{"class":67},[53,111458,1577],{"class":71},[53,111460,86],{"class":67},[53,111462,111463],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111464,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111466,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111468,276],{"class":59},[53,111470,64],{"class":63},[53,111472,15497],{"class":2782},[53,111474,102],{"class":67},[53,111476,111477],{"class":98},"list1",[53,111479,8498],{"class":67},[53,111481,110325],{"class":98},[53,111483,102],{"class":67},[53,111485,6159],{"class":2782},[53,111487,102],{"class":67},[53,111489,80672],{"class":98},[53,111491,1907],{"class":67},[53,111493,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111495,115],{"class":114},[53,111497,102],{"class":67},[53,111499,323],{"class":98},[53,111501,108],{"class":67},[14,111503,328],{},[44,111505,111506],{"className":46,"code":110506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,111507,111508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111509,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111511,9145],{"class":67},[53,111513,72],{"class":71},[53,111515,75],{"class":67},[53,111517,78],{"class":71},[53,111519,75],{"class":67},[53,111521,759],{"class":71},[53,111523,75],{"class":67},[53,111525,1577],{"class":71},[53,111527,9176],{"class":67},[830,111529,111531],{"id":111530},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111533,111534],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[39,111536,1782],{"id":1781},[140,111538,111539,111543,111548,111554,111560],{},[143,111540,111541],{},[183,111542,96058],{"href":96057},[143,111544,111545],{},[183,111546,111547],{"href":96061},"Creating a set in Python",[143,111549,111550],{},[183,111551,96544,111552,10608],{"href":102570},[18,111553,100144],{},[143,111555,111556],{},[183,111557,96544,111558,10608],{"href":107460},[18,111559,102529],{},[143,111561,111562],{},[183,111563,100074],{"href":105073},[14,111565,111566,111567,2072,111569,16937,111571,111573],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111568,100144],{},[18,111570,102529],{},[18,111572,110235],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1810,111575,56966],{},{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":111577},[111578,111579,111581,111582,111583,111584,111586,111588,111590,111591,111600],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":110350,"depth":89,"text":111580},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":110531,"depth":89,"text":110532},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":110779,"depth":89,"text":111585},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110921,"depth":89,"text":111587},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111061,"depth":89,"text":111589},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":111592},[111593,111595,111597,111599],{"id":111385,"depth":111,"text":111594},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111392,"depth":111,"text":111596},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111407,"depth":111,"text":111598},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111530,"depth":111,"text":111531},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110227,"description":111601},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111608,"title":111609,"body":111610,"description":113673,"extension":1841,"meta":113674,"navigation":301,"path":107460,"seo":113675,"stem":113676,"__hash__":113677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111611,"toc":113632},[111612,111617,111622,111625,111638,111640,111722,111727,111732,111736,111748,111751,111755,111757,111784,111786,111797,111800,111869,111871,111877,111880,111890,111892,111981,111986,111988,111995,111998,112000,112003,112123,112125,112194,112197,112214,112219,112222,112338,112340,112369,112372,112378,112383,112387,112468,112470,112498,112503,112507,112602,112604,112645,112649,112652,112719,112721,112762,112768,112783,112790,112797,112801,112807,112893,112897,112905,112976,112981,112988,112990,112996,112998,113063,113065,113081,113086,113089,113158,113162,113165,113224,113227,113231,113284,113297,113300,113353,113357,113359,113390,113393,113398,113451,113455,113458,113479,113491,113493,113546,113548,113553,113555,113561,113564,113570,113575,113579,113582,113590,113599,113601,113629],[10,111613,3457,111615,11190],{"id":111614},"python-setunion-method",[18,111616,107773],{},[14,111618,111619,111621],{},[18,111620,107773],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111623,111624],{},"It is useful when you want:",[140,111626,111627,111630,111635],{},[143,111628,111629],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[143,111631,2432,111632,111634],{},[23,111633,100499],{}," as the result",[143,111636,111637],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[39,111639,1882],{"id":1881},[44,111641,111643],{"className":46,"code":111642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111644,111645,111665,111685,111689,111707,111717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111646,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111648,110431],{"class":59},[53,111650,64],{"class":63},[53,111652,679],{"class":67},[53,111654,72],{"class":71},[53,111656,75],{"class":67},[53,111658,78],{"class":71},[53,111660,75],{"class":67},[53,111662,83],{"class":71},[53,111664,9176],{"class":67},[53,111666,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111668,110452],{"class":59},[53,111670,64],{"class":63},[53,111672,679],{"class":67},[53,111674,754],{"class":71},[53,111676,75],{"class":67},[53,111678,759],{"class":71},[53,111680,75],{"class":67},[53,111682,1577],{"class":71},[53,111684,9176],{"class":67},[53,111686,111687],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111688,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111690,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111692,276],{"class":59},[53,111694,64],{"class":63},[53,111696,110481],{"class":59},[53,111698,95],{"class":67},[53,111700,110999],{"class":98},[53,111702,102],{"class":67},[53,111704,100324],{"class":98},[53,111706,108],{"class":67},[53,111708,111709,111711,111713,111715],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111710,115],{"class":114},[53,111712,102],{"class":67},[53,111714,323],{"class":98},[53,111716,108],{"class":67},[53,111718,111719],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,111720,111721],{"class":127},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111723,111724,111726],{},[18,111725,102529],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[39,111728,3556,111730,3559],{"id":111729},"what-setunion-does",[18,111731,107773],{},[14,111733,111734,597],{},[18,111735,107773],{},[140,111737,111738,111741,111744,111746],{},[143,111739,111740],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[143,111742,111743],{},"keeps only unique values",[143,111745,110361],{},[143,111747,110370],{},[14,111749,111750],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111752,96054,111753,95],{},[183,111754,96058],{"href":97229},[39,111756,2039],{"id":2038},[44,111758,111760],{"className":46,"code":111759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111761,111762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111763,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111765,100315],{"class":59},[53,111767,95],{"class":67},[53,111769,110999],{"class":98},[53,111771,102],{"class":67},[53,111773,100324],{"class":98},[53,111775,75],{"class":67},[53,111777,100351],{"class":98},[53,111779,75],{"class":67},[53,111781,34318],{"class":114},[53,111783,108],{"class":67},[14,111785,12919],{},[140,111787,111788,111791,111794],{},[143,111789,111790],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[143,111792,111793],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[143,111795,111796],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111798,111799],{},"Example with two sets:",[44,111801,111803],{"className":46,"code":111802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111804,111805,111821,111837,111841,111859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111808,2432],{"class":59},[53,111810,64],{"class":63},[53,111812,679],{"class":67},[53,111814,72],{"class":71},[53,111816,75],{"class":67},[53,111818,78],{"class":71},[53,111820,9176],{"class":67},[53,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111824,2460],{"class":59},[53,111826,64],{"class":63},[53,111828,679],{"class":67},[53,111830,1937],{"class":71},[53,111832,75],{"class":67},[53,111834,83],{"class":71},[53,111836,9176],{"class":67},[53,111838,111839],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111840,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111842,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111844,276],{"class":59},[53,111846,64],{"class":63},[53,111848,56612],{"class":59},[53,111850,95],{"class":67},[53,111852,110999],{"class":98},[53,111854,102],{"class":67},[53,111856,1453],{"class":98},[53,111858,108],{"class":67},[53,111860,111861,111863,111865,111867],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111862,115],{"class":114},[53,111864,102],{"class":67},[53,111866,323],{"class":98},[53,111868,108],{"class":67},[39,111870,21835],{"id":21834},[14,111872,111873,100496,111875,95],{},[18,111874,107773],{},[23,111876,100499],{},[14,111878,111879],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[140,111881,111882,111885],{},[143,111883,111884],{},"the original set",[143,111886,111887,111888],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,111889,102529],{},[14,111891,235],{},[44,111893,111895],{"className":46,"code":111894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,111896,111897,111913,111929,111933,111951,111955,111968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111898,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111900,2432],{"class":59},[53,111902,64],{"class":63},[53,111904,679],{"class":67},[53,111906,72],{"class":71},[53,111908,75],{"class":67},[53,111910,78],{"class":71},[53,111912,9176],{"class":67},[53,111914,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,111916,2460],{"class":59},[53,111918,64],{"class":63},[53,111920,679],{"class":67},[53,111922,1937],{"class":71},[53,111924,75],{"class":67},[53,111926,83],{"class":71},[53,111928,9176],{"class":67},[53,111930,111931],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,111932,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111934,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,111936,276],{"class":59},[53,111938,64],{"class":63},[53,111940,56612],{"class":59},[53,111942,95],{"class":67},[53,111944,110999],{"class":98},[53,111946,102],{"class":67},[53,111948,1453],{"class":98},[53,111950,108],{"class":67},[53,111952,111953],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,111954,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,111956,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,111958,115],{"class":114},[53,111960,102],{"class":67},[53,111962,323],{"class":98},[53,111964,3539],{"class":67},[53,111966,111967],{"class":127},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[53,111969,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,111971,115],{"class":114},[53,111973,102],{"class":67},[53,111975,183],{"class":98},[53,111977,3539],{"class":67},[53,111979,111980],{"class":127},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111982,807,111983,111985],{},[18,111984,183],{}," did not change.",[14,111987,110603],{},[140,111989,111990,111992],{},[143,111991,110608],{},[143,111993,111994],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,111996,111997],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[39,111999,385],{"id":384},[14,112001,112002],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[44,112004,112006],{"className":46,"code":112005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112007,112008,112041,112074,112078,112098,112102,112112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112009,112010,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112011,112012],{"class":59},"fruits1 ",[53,112014,64],{"class":63},[53,112016,679],{"class":67},[53,112018,253],{"class":252},[53,112020,257],{"class":256},[53,112022,253],{"class":252},[53,112024,75],{"class":67},[53,112026,264],{"class":252},[53,112028,267],{"class":256},[53,112030,253],{"class":252},[53,112032,75],{"class":67},[53,112034,264],{"class":252},[53,112036,292],{"class":256},[53,112038,253],{"class":252},[53,112040,9176],{"class":67},[53,112042,112043,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112044,112045],{"class":59},"fruits2 ",[53,112047,64],{"class":63},[53,112049,679],{"class":67},[53,112051,253],{"class":252},[53,112053,267],{"class":256},[53,112055,253],{"class":252},[53,112057,75],{"class":67},[53,112059,264],{"class":252},[53,112061,22398],{"class":256},[53,112063,253],{"class":252},[53,112065,75],{"class":67},[53,112067,264],{"class":252},[53,112069,292],{"class":256},[53,112071,253],{"class":252},[53,112073,9176],{"class":67},[53,112075,112076],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112077,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112079,112080,112082,112084,112087,112089,112091,112093,112096],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112081,276],{"class":59},[53,112083,64],{"class":63},[53,112085,112086],{"class":59}," fruits1",[53,112088,95],{"class":67},[53,112090,110999],{"class":98},[53,112092,102],{"class":67},[53,112094,112095],{"class":98},"fruits2",[53,112097,108],{"class":67},[53,112099,112100],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112101,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112103,112104,112106,112108,112110],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,112105,115],{"class":114},[53,112107,102],{"class":67},[53,112109,323],{"class":98},[53,112111,108],{"class":67},[53,112113,112114,112116,112118,112121],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,112115,115],{"class":114},[53,112117,102],{"class":67},[53,112119,112120],{"class":98},"fruits1",[53,112122,108],{"class":67},[14,112124,29896],{},[44,112126,112128],{"className":46,"code":112127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112129,112130,112166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112131,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112133,9145],{"class":67},[53,112135,341],{"class":252},[53,112137,267],{"class":256},[53,112139,341],{"class":252},[53,112141,75],{"class":67},[53,112143,350],{"class":252},[53,112145,292],{"class":256},[53,112147,341],{"class":252},[53,112149,75],{"class":67},[53,112151,350],{"class":252},[53,112153,257],{"class":256},[53,112155,341],{"class":252},[53,112157,75],{"class":67},[53,112159,350],{"class":252},[53,112161,22398],{"class":256},[53,112163,341],{"class":252},[53,112165,9176],{"class":67},[53,112167,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112169,9145],{"class":67},[53,112171,341],{"class":252},[53,112173,267],{"class":256},[53,112175,341],{"class":252},[53,112177,75],{"class":67},[53,112179,350],{"class":252},[53,112181,292],{"class":256},[53,112183,341],{"class":252},[53,112185,75],{"class":67},[53,112187,350],{"class":252},[53,112189,257],{"class":256},[53,112191,341],{"class":252},[53,112193,9176],{"class":67},[14,112195,112196],{},"What this shows:",[140,112198,112199,112206,112209],{},[143,112200,112201,4269,112203,112205],{},[18,112202,65001],{},[18,112204,65428],{}," appear in both sets",[143,112207,112208],{},"they appear only once in the result",[143,112210,112211,112213],{},[18,112212,112120],{}," stays unchanged",[39,112215,833,112217,100888],{"id":112216},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112218,102529],{},[14,112220,112221],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[44,112223,112225],{"className":46,"code":112224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112226,112227,112243,112259,112276,112293,112297,112324,112328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112228,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112230,110431],{"class":59},[53,112232,64],{"class":63},[53,112234,679],{"class":67},[53,112236,72],{"class":71},[53,112238,75],{"class":67},[53,112240,78],{"class":71},[53,112242,9176],{"class":67},[53,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112246,110452],{"class":59},[53,112248,64],{"class":63},[53,112250,679],{"class":67},[53,112252,1937],{"class":71},[53,112254,75],{"class":67},[53,112256,83],{"class":71},[53,112258,9176],{"class":67},[53,112260,112261,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112262,112263],{"class":59},"set3 ",[53,112265,64],{"class":63},[53,112267,679],{"class":67},[53,112269,754],{"class":71},[53,112271,75],{"class":67},[53,112273,759],{"class":71},[53,112275,9176],{"class":67},[53,112277,112278,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112279,112280],{"class":59},"set4 ",[53,112282,64],{"class":63},[53,112284,679],{"class":67},[53,112286,105],{"class":71},[53,112288,75],{"class":67},[53,112290,1577],{"class":71},[53,112292,9176],{"class":67},[53,112294,112295],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112296,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112298,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112322],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,112300,276],{"class":59},[53,112302,64],{"class":63},[53,112304,110481],{"class":59},[53,112306,95],{"class":67},[53,112308,110999],{"class":98},[53,112310,102],{"class":67},[53,112312,100324],{"class":98},[53,112314,75],{"class":67},[53,112316,100351],{"class":98},[53,112318,75],{"class":67},[53,112320,112321],{"class":98}," set4",[53,112323,108],{"class":67},[53,112325,112326],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,112327,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112329,112330,112332,112334,112336],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,112331,115],{"class":114},[53,112333,102],{"class":67},[53,112335,323],{"class":98},[53,112337,108],{"class":67},[14,112339,29896],{},[44,112341,112343],{"className":46,"code":112342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112344,112345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112346,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112348,9145],{"class":67},[53,112350,72],{"class":71},[53,112352,75],{"class":67},[53,112354,78],{"class":71},[53,112356,75],{"class":67},[53,112358,83],{"class":71},[53,112360,75],{"class":67},[53,112362,759],{"class":71},[53,112364,75],{"class":67},[53,112366,1577],{"class":71},[53,112368,9176],{"class":67},[14,112370,112371],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[39,112373,833,112375,112377],{"id":112374},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112376,102529],{}," with other iterables",[14,112379,112380,112382],{},[18,112381,102529],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[830,112384,112386],{"id":112385},"with-a-list","With a list",[44,112388,112390],{"className":46,"code":112389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112391,112392,112412,112436,112440,112458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112393,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112395,60],{"class":59},[53,112397,64],{"class":63},[53,112399,679],{"class":67},[53,112401,72],{"class":71},[53,112403,75],{"class":67},[53,112405,78],{"class":71},[53,112407,75],{"class":67},[53,112409,83],{"class":71},[53,112411,9176],{"class":67},[53,112413,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112415,60773],{"class":59},[53,112417,64],{"class":63},[53,112419,68],{"class":67},[53,112421,754],{"class":71},[53,112423,75],{"class":67},[53,112425,759],{"class":71},[53,112427,75],{"class":67},[53,112429,1577],{"class":71},[53,112431,75],{"class":67},[53,112433,1577],{"class":71},[53,112435,86],{"class":67},[53,112437,112438],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112439,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112441,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112443,276],{"class":59},[53,112445,64],{"class":63},[53,112447,4138],{"class":59},[53,112449,95],{"class":67},[53,112451,110999],{"class":98},[53,112453,102],{"class":67},[53,112455,60802],{"class":98},[53,112457,108],{"class":67},[53,112459,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112461,115],{"class":114},[53,112463,102],{"class":67},[53,112465,323],{"class":98},[53,112467,108],{"class":67},[14,112469,29896],{},[44,112471,112472],{"className":46,"code":112342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,112473,112474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112475,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112477,9145],{"class":67},[53,112479,72],{"class":71},[53,112481,75],{"class":67},[53,112483,78],{"class":71},[53,112485,75],{"class":67},[53,112487,83],{"class":71},[53,112489,75],{"class":67},[53,112491,759],{"class":71},[53,112493,75],{"class":67},[53,112495,1577],{"class":71},[53,112497,9176],{"class":67},[14,112499,20842,112500,112502],{},[18,112501,2017],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[830,112504,112506],{"id":112505},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[44,112508,112510],{"className":46,"code":112509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112511,112512,112536,112569,112573,112592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112513,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112515,1411],{"class":59},[53,112517,64],{"class":63},[53,112519,679],{"class":67},[53,112521,253],{"class":252},[53,112523,183],{"class":256},[53,112525,253],{"class":252},[53,112527,75],{"class":67},[53,112529,264],{"class":252},[53,112531,1453],{"class":256},[53,112533,253],{"class":252},[53,112535,9176],{"class":67},[53,112537,112538,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112539,112540],{"class":59},"more_letters ",[53,112542,64],{"class":63},[53,112544,9103],{"class":67},[53,112546,253],{"class":252},[53,112548,1453],{"class":256},[53,112550,253],{"class":252},[53,112552,75],{"class":67},[53,112554,264],{"class":252},[53,112556,1428],{"class":256},[53,112558,253],{"class":252},[53,112560,75],{"class":67},[53,112562,264],{"class":252},[53,112564,18632],{"class":256},[53,112566,253],{"class":252},[53,112568,108],{"class":67},[53,112570,112571],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112572,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112574,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112590],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112576,276],{"class":59},[53,112578,64],{"class":63},[53,112580,69823],{"class":59},[53,112582,95],{"class":67},[53,112584,110999],{"class":98},[53,112586,102],{"class":67},[53,112588,112589],{"class":98},"more_letters",[53,112591,108],{"class":67},[53,112593,112594,112596,112598,112600],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112595,115],{"class":114},[53,112597,102],{"class":67},[53,112599,323],{"class":98},[53,112601,108],{"class":67},[14,112603,29896],{},[44,112605,112607],{"className":46,"code":112606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112608,112609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112612,9145],{"class":67},[53,112614,341],{"class":252},[53,112616,183],{"class":256},[53,112618,341],{"class":252},[53,112620,75],{"class":67},[53,112622,350],{"class":252},[53,112624,1453],{"class":256},[53,112626,341],{"class":252},[53,112628,75],{"class":67},[53,112630,350],{"class":252},[53,112632,1428],{"class":256},[53,112634,341],{"class":252},[53,112636,75],{"class":67},[53,112638,350],{"class":252},[53,112640,18632],{"class":256},[53,112642,341],{"class":252},[53,112644,9176],{"class":67},[830,112646,112648],{"id":112647},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112650,112651],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[44,112653,112655],{"className":46,"code":112654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112656,112657,112682,112705,112709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112658,112659,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112660,112661],{"class":59},"chars ",[53,112663,64],{"class":63},[53,112665,679],{"class":67},[53,112667,253],{"class":252},[53,112669,183],{"class":256},[53,112671,253],{"class":252},[53,112673,75],{"class":67},[53,112675,264],{"class":252},[53,112677,1453],{"class":256},[53,112679,253],{"class":252},[53,112681,9176],{"class":67},[53,112683,112684,112686,112688,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112685,276],{"class":59},[53,112687,64],{"class":63},[53,112689,112690],{"class":59}," chars",[53,112692,95],{"class":67},[53,112694,110999],{"class":98},[53,112696,102],{"class":67},[53,112698,253],{"class":252},[53,112700,36909],{"class":256},[53,112702,253],{"class":252},[53,112704,108],{"class":67},[53,112706,112707],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112708,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112710,112711,112713,112715,112717],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112712,115],{"class":114},[53,112714,102],{"class":67},[53,112716,323],{"class":98},[53,112718,108],{"class":67},[14,112720,29896],{},[44,112722,112724],{"className":46,"code":112723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112725,112726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112727,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112729,9145],{"class":67},[53,112731,341],{"class":252},[53,112733,183],{"class":256},[53,112735,341],{"class":252},[53,112737,75],{"class":67},[53,112739,350],{"class":252},[53,112741,1453],{"class":256},[53,112743,341],{"class":252},[53,112745,75],{"class":67},[53,112747,350],{"class":252},[53,112749,1428],{"class":256},[53,112751,341],{"class":252},[53,112753,75],{"class":67},[53,112755,350],{"class":252},[53,112757,63013],{"class":256},[53,112759,341],{"class":252},[53,112761,9176],{"class":67},[14,112763,22054,112764,112767],{},[18,112765,112766],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[140,112769,112770,112774,112778],{},[143,112771,112772],{},[18,112773,66208],{},[143,112775,112776],{},[18,112777,17960],{},[143,112779,112780],{},[18,112781,112782],{},"\"t\"",[39,112784,112786,10452,112788],{"id":112785},"union-vs-update",[18,112787,102529],{},[18,112789,14817],{},[14,112791,112792,4269,112794,112796],{},[18,112793,102529],{},[18,112795,14817],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[830,112798,112799],{"id":110999},[18,112800,102529],{},[140,112802,112803,112805],{},[143,112804,110361],{},[143,112806,110370],{},[44,112808,112809],{"className":46,"code":111894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,112810,112811,112827,112843,112847,112865,112869,112881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112812,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112814,2432],{"class":59},[53,112816,64],{"class":63},[53,112818,679],{"class":67},[53,112820,72],{"class":71},[53,112822,75],{"class":67},[53,112824,78],{"class":71},[53,112826,9176],{"class":67},[53,112828,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112830,2460],{"class":59},[53,112832,64],{"class":63},[53,112834,679],{"class":67},[53,112836,1937],{"class":71},[53,112838,75],{"class":67},[53,112840,83],{"class":71},[53,112842,9176],{"class":67},[53,112844,112845],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112846,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112848,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112850,276],{"class":59},[53,112852,64],{"class":63},[53,112854,56612],{"class":59},[53,112856,95],{"class":67},[53,112858,110999],{"class":98},[53,112860,102],{"class":67},[53,112862,1453],{"class":98},[53,112864,108],{"class":67},[53,112866,112867],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112868,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112870,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,112872,115],{"class":114},[53,112874,102],{"class":67},[53,112876,323],{"class":98},[53,112878,3539],{"class":67},[53,112880,111967],{"class":127},[53,112882,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,112884,115],{"class":114},[53,112886,102],{"class":67},[53,112888,183],{"class":98},[53,112890,3539],{"class":67},[53,112892,111980],{"class":127},[830,112894,112895],{"id":30331},[18,112896,14817],{},[140,112898,112899,112902],{},[143,112900,112901],{},"changes the existing set in place",[143,112903,112904],{},"does not create a separate result set",[44,112906,112908],{"className":46,"code":112907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,112909,112910,112926,112942,112946,112960,112964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112911,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112913,2432],{"class":59},[53,112915,64],{"class":63},[53,112917,679],{"class":67},[53,112919,72],{"class":71},[53,112921,75],{"class":67},[53,112923,78],{"class":71},[53,112925,9176],{"class":67},[53,112927,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,112929,2460],{"class":59},[53,112931,64],{"class":63},[53,112933,679],{"class":67},[53,112935,1937],{"class":71},[53,112937,75],{"class":67},[53,112939,83],{"class":71},[53,112941,9176],{"class":67},[53,112943,112944],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,112945,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112947,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,112949,183],{"class":59},[53,112951,95],{"class":67},[53,112953,30331],{"class":98},[53,112955,102],{"class":67},[53,112957,1453],{"class":98},[53,112959,108],{"class":67},[53,112961,112962],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,112963,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,112965,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,112967,115],{"class":114},[53,112969,102],{"class":67},[53,112971,183],{"class":98},[53,112973,3539],{"class":67},[53,112975,111967],{"class":127},[14,112977,131,112978,112980],{},[18,112979,102529],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112982,112983,112984,95],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[183,112985,3457,112986,10608],{"href":98249},[18,112987,97044],{},[39,112989,1039],{"id":1038},[830,112991,8319,112993,112995],{"id":112992},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,112994,102529],{}," to change the original set",[14,112997,81554],{},[44,112999,113001],{"className":46,"code":113000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113002,113003,113019,113035,113039,113053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113006,2432],{"class":59},[53,113008,64],{"class":63},[53,113010,679],{"class":67},[53,113012,72],{"class":71},[53,113014,75],{"class":67},[53,113016,78],{"class":71},[53,113018,9176],{"class":67},[53,113020,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113022,2460],{"class":59},[53,113024,64],{"class":63},[53,113026,679],{"class":67},[53,113028,1937],{"class":71},[53,113030,75],{"class":67},[53,113032,83],{"class":71},[53,113034,9176],{"class":67},[53,113036,113037],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113038,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113042,183],{"class":59},[53,113044,95],{"class":67},[53,113046,110999],{"class":98},[53,113048,102],{"class":67},[53,113050,1453],{"class":98},[53,113052,108],{"class":67},[53,113054,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,113056,115],{"class":114},[53,113058,102],{"class":67},[53,113060,183],{"class":98},[53,113062,108],{"class":67},[14,113064,328],{},[44,113066,113067],{"className":46,"code":100237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,113068,113069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113070,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113072,9145],{"class":67},[53,113074,72],{"class":71},[53,113076,75],{"class":67},[53,113078,78],{"class":71},[53,113080,9176],{"class":67},[14,113082,8362,113083,113085],{},[18,113084,102529],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113087,113088],{},"Fix it like this:",[44,113090,113092],{"className":46,"code":113091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113093,113094,113110,113126,113130,113148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113095,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113097,2432],{"class":59},[53,113099,64],{"class":63},[53,113101,679],{"class":67},[53,113103,72],{"class":71},[53,113105,75],{"class":67},[53,113107,78],{"class":71},[53,113109,9176],{"class":67},[53,113111,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113113,2460],{"class":59},[53,113115,64],{"class":63},[53,113117,679],{"class":67},[53,113119,1937],{"class":71},[53,113121,75],{"class":67},[53,113123,83],{"class":71},[53,113125,9176],{"class":67},[53,113127,113128],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113129,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113133,2432],{"class":59},[53,113135,64],{"class":63},[53,113137,56612],{"class":59},[53,113139,95],{"class":67},[53,113141,110999],{"class":98},[53,113143,102],{"class":67},[53,113145,1453],{"class":98},[53,113147,108],{"class":67},[53,113149,113150,113152,113154,113156],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,113151,115],{"class":114},[53,113153,102],{"class":67},[53,113155,183],{"class":98},[53,113157,108],{"class":67},[830,113159,113161],{"id":113160},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113163,113164],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[44,113166,113168],{"className":46,"code":113167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113169,113170,113186,113202,113206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113171,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113173,2432],{"class":59},[53,113175,64],{"class":63},[53,113177,679],{"class":67},[53,113179,754],{"class":71},[53,113181,75],{"class":67},[53,113183,5371],{"class":71},[53,113185,9176],{"class":67},[53,113187,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113189,2460],{"class":59},[53,113191,64],{"class":63},[53,113193,679],{"class":67},[53,113195,1937],{"class":71},[53,113197,75],{"class":67},[53,113199,759],{"class":71},[53,113201,9176],{"class":67},[53,113203,113204],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113205,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,113207,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113209,115],{"class":114},[53,113211,102],{"class":67},[53,113213,183],{"class":98},[53,113215,95],{"class":67},[53,113217,110999],{"class":98},[53,113219,102],{"class":67},[53,113221,1453],{"class":98},[53,113223,1907],{"class":67},[14,113225,113226],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[830,113228,113230],{"id":113229},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[44,113232,113234],{"className":46,"code":113233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113235,113236,113252,113274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113237,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113239,3946],{"class":59},[53,113241,64],{"class":63},[53,113243,679],{"class":67},[53,113245,253],{"class":252},[53,113247,57852],{"class":256},[53,113249,253],{"class":252},[53,113251,9176],{"class":67},[53,113253,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113255,276],{"class":59},[53,113257,64],{"class":63},[53,113259,6040],{"class":59},[53,113261,95],{"class":67},[53,113263,110999],{"class":98},[53,113265,102],{"class":67},[53,113267,253],{"class":252},[53,113269,36909],{"class":256},[53,113271,253],{"class":252},[53,113273,108],{"class":67},[53,113275,113276,113278,113280,113282],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113277,115],{"class":114},[53,113279,102],{"class":67},[53,113281,323],{"class":98},[53,113283,108],{"class":67},[14,113285,113286,113287,2072,113289,16937,113291,113293,113294,113296],{},"This adds ",[18,113288,66208],{},[18,113290,17960],{},[18,113292,112782],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113295,112766],{}," as one item.",[14,113298,113299],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[44,113301,113303],{"className":46,"code":113302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113304,113305,113321,113343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113308,3946],{"class":59},[53,113310,64],{"class":63},[53,113312,679],{"class":67},[53,113314,253],{"class":252},[53,113316,57852],{"class":256},[53,113318,253],{"class":252},[53,113320,9176],{"class":67},[53,113322,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113324,276],{"class":59},[53,113326,64],{"class":63},[53,113328,6040],{"class":59},[53,113330,95],{"class":67},[53,113332,110999],{"class":98},[53,113334,619],{"class":67},[53,113336,253],{"class":252},[53,113338,36909],{"class":256},[53,113340,253],{"class":252},[53,113342,632],{"class":67},[53,113344,113345,113347,113349,113351],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113346,115],{"class":114},[53,113348,102],{"class":67},[53,113350,323],{"class":98},[53,113352,108],{"class":67},[830,113354,113356],{"id":113355},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113358,2716],{},[44,113360,113362],{"className":46,"code":113361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113363,113364],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113367,15492],{"class":59},[53,113369,64],{"class":63},[53,113371,679],{"class":67},[53,113373,72],{"class":71},[53,113375,75],{"class":67},[53,113377,78],{"class":71},[53,113379,75],{"class":67},[53,113381,68],{"class":67},[53,113383,754],{"class":71},[53,113385,75],{"class":67},[53,113387,759],{"class":71},[53,113389,13569],{"class":67},[14,113391,113392],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113394,113395,113396,597],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113397,102529],{},[44,113399,113401],{"className":46,"code":113400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113402,113403,113419,113441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113404,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113406,15492],{"class":59},[53,113408,64],{"class":63},[53,113410,679],{"class":67},[53,113412,72],{"class":71},[53,113414,75],{"class":67},[53,113416,78],{"class":71},[53,113418,9176],{"class":67},[53,113420,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113422,276],{"class":59},[53,113424,64],{"class":63},[53,113426,96654],{"class":59},[53,113428,95],{"class":67},[53,113430,110999],{"class":98},[53,113432,619],{"class":67},[53,113434,754],{"class":71},[53,113436,75],{"class":67},[53,113438,759],{"class":71},[53,113440,632],{"class":67},[53,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113444,115],{"class":114},[53,113446,102],{"class":67},[53,113448,323],{"class":98},[53,113450,108],{"class":67},[39,113452,113454],{"id":113453},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113456,113457],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[140,113459,113460,113466,113473,113476],{},[143,113461,113462,113463,113465],{},"call ",[18,113464,102529],{}," without saving the returned set",[143,113467,113468,113469,8572,113471],{},"confuse ",[18,113470,102529],{},[18,113472,14817],{},[143,113474,113475],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[143,113477,113478],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113480,113481,113482,4269,113486,95],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[183,113483,3457,113484,10608],{"href":102518},[18,113485,106303],{},[183,113487,3457,113489,10608],{"href":113488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113490,100149],{},[14,113492,62021],{},[44,113494,113496],{"className":46,"code":113495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113497,113498,113508,113522,113532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113499,113500,113502,113504,113506],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113501,115],{"class":114},[53,113503,102],{"class":67},[53,113505,15530],{"class":98},[53,113507,108],{"class":67},[53,113509,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113511,115],{"class":114},[53,113513,102],{"class":67},[53,113515,3102],{"class":2782},[53,113517,102],{"class":67},[53,113519,15530],{"class":98},[53,113521,1907],{"class":67},[53,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113525,115],{"class":114},[53,113527,102],{"class":67},[53,113529,323],{"class":98},[53,113531,108],{"class":67},[53,113533,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113535,32016],{"class":114},[53,113537,102],{"class":67},[53,113539,6159],{"class":2782},[53,113541,95],{"class":67},[53,113543,110999],{"class":24615},[53,113545,108],{"class":67},[39,113547,1650],{"id":1649},[830,113549,12570,113551,102469],{"id":113550},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113552,107773],{},[14,113554,102472],{},[830,113556,5045,113558,113560],{"id":113557},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113559,102529],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113562,113563],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[830,113565,28194,113567,113569],{"id":113566},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113568,102529],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113571,42015,113572,113574],{},[18,113573,102529],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[830,113576,113578],{"id":113577},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113580,113581],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[830,113583,5055,113585,4269,113587,2370],{"id":113584},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113586,102529],{},[18,113588,113589],{},"|",[14,113591,113592,113593,113595,113596,113598],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113594,113589],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113597,102529],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[39,113600,1782],{"id":1781},[140,113602,113603,113607,113613,113619,113625],{},[143,113604,113605],{},[183,113606,96058],{"href":97229},[143,113608,113609],{},[183,113610,3457,113611,10608],{"href":98249},[18,113612,97044],{},[143,113614,113615],{},[183,113616,3457,113617,10608],{"href":102518},[18,113618,106303],{},[143,113620,113621],{},[183,113622,3457,113623,10608],{"href":113488},[18,113624,100149],{},[143,113626,113627],{},[183,113628,100074],{"href":98807},[1810,113630,113631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":113633},[113634,113635,113637,113638,113639,113640,113642,113648,113653,113660,113661,113672],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":111729,"depth":89,"text":113636},"What set.union() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":21834,"depth":89,"text":21835},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":112216,"depth":89,"text":113641},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112374,"depth":89,"text":113643,"children":113644},"Using union() with other iterables",[113645,113646,113647],{"id":112385,"depth":111,"text":112386},{"id":112505,"depth":111,"text":112506},{"id":112647,"depth":111,"text":112648},{"id":112785,"depth":89,"text":113649,"children":113650},"union() vs update()",[113651,113652],{"id":110999,"depth":111,"text":102529},{"id":30331,"depth":111,"text":14817},{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":113654},[113655,113657,113658,113659],{"id":112992,"depth":111,"text":113656},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113160,"depth":111,"text":113161},{"id":113229,"depth":111,"text":113230},{"id":113355,"depth":111,"text":113356},{"id":113453,"depth":89,"text":113454},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":113662},[113663,113665,113667,113669,113670],{"id":113550,"depth":111,"text":113664},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113557,"depth":111,"text":113666},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113566,"depth":111,"text":113668},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113577,"depth":111,"text":113578},{"id":113584,"depth":111,"text":113671},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111609,"description":113673},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113679,"title":113680,"body":113681,"description":115570,"extension":1841,"meta":115571,"navigation":301,"path":96543,"seo":115572,"stem":115573,"__hash__":115574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113682,"toc":115536},[113683,113688,113693,113701,113703,113761,113766,113771,113775,113787,113790,113864,113869,113871,113873,113892,113894,113911,113914,113941,113943,114013,114017,114019,114025,114027,114088,114093,114095,114152,114156,114161,114226,114228,114248,114255,114259,114264,114349,114352,114359,114462,114466,114471,114529,114532,114543,114557,114564,114622,114629,114632,114642,114646,114704,114708,114774,114777,114835,114842,114849,114852,114856,114865,114934,114938,114944,115032,115042,115046,115050,115054,115057,115118,115123,115180,115184,115186,115221,115228,115230,115284,115291,115295,115298,115363,115372,115378,115435,115437,115442,115446,115450,115453,115460,115468,115472,115477,115481,115487,115489,115524,115533],[10,113684,95930,113686,11190],{"id":113685},"python-set-update-method",[18,113687,14817],{},[14,113689,113690,113692],{},[18,113691,97044],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113694,113695,113696,113700],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[183,113697,113698],{"href":98230},[18,113699,95938],{},", which adds only one item.",[39,113702,42],{"id":41},[44,113704,113706],{"className":46,"code":113705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113707,113708,113724,113746,113756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113709,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113711,60],{"class":59},[53,113713,64],{"class":63},[53,113715,679],{"class":67},[53,113717,72],{"class":71},[53,113719,75],{"class":67},[53,113721,78],{"class":71},[53,113723,9176],{"class":67},[53,113725,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113727,92],{"class":59},[53,113729,95],{"class":67},[53,113731,30331],{"class":98},[53,113733,619],{"class":67},[53,113735,1937],{"class":71},[53,113737,75],{"class":67},[53,113739,83],{"class":71},[53,113741,75],{"class":67},[53,113743,759],{"class":71},[53,113745,632],{"class":67},[53,113747,113748,113750,113752,113754],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113749,115],{"class":114},[53,113751,102],{"class":67},[53,113753,92],{"class":98},[53,113755,108],{"class":67},[53,113757,113758],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113759,113760],{"class":127},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113762,131,113763,113765],{},[18,113764,14817],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[39,113767,3556,113769,3559],{"id":113768},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113770,97044],{},[14,113772,113773,597],{},[18,113774,97044],{},[140,113776,113777,113780,113782,113785],{},[143,113778,113779],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[143,113781,96045],{},[143,113783,113784],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[143,113786,96048],{},[14,113788,113789],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[44,113791,113793],{"className":46,"code":113792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,113794,113795,113819,113845,113849,113859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113796,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113798,398],{"class":59},[53,113800,64],{"class":63},[53,113802,679],{"class":67},[53,113804,253],{"class":252},[53,113806,407],{"class":256},[53,113808,253],{"class":252},[53,113810,75],{"class":67},[53,113812,264],{"class":252},[53,113814,416],{"class":256},[53,113816,253],{"class":252},[53,113818,9176],{"class":67},[53,113820,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113822,425],{"class":59},[53,113824,95],{"class":67},[53,113826,30331],{"class":98},[53,113828,619],{"class":67},[53,113830,253],{"class":252},[53,113832,416],{"class":256},[53,113834,253],{"class":252},[53,113836,75],{"class":67},[53,113838,264],{"class":252},[53,113840,436],{"class":256},[53,113842,253],{"class":252},[53,113844,632],{"class":67},[53,113846,113847],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113848,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,113850,113851,113853,113855,113857],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,113852,115],{"class":114},[53,113854,102],{"class":67},[53,113856,425],{"class":98},[53,113858,108],{"class":67},[53,113860,113861],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,113862,113863],{"class":127},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113865,20842,113866,113868],{},[18,113867,110764],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[39,113870,2039],{"id":2038},[14,113872,7088],{},[44,113874,113876],{"className":46,"code":113875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,113877,113878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113881,15530],{"class":59},[53,113883,95],{"class":67},[53,113885,30331],{"class":98},[53,113887,102],{"class":67},[53,113889,3600],{"class":98},[53,113891,108],{"class":67},[14,113893,79930],{},[140,113895,113896,113899,113902,113905,113908],{},[143,113897,113898],{},"A list",[143,113900,113901],{},"A tuple",[143,113903,113904],{},"Another set",[143,113906,113907],{},"A string",[143,113909,113910],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113912,113913],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[44,113915,113917],{"className":46,"code":113916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,113918,113919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113920,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113922,15530],{"class":59},[53,113924,95],{"class":67},[53,113926,30331],{"class":98},[53,113928,102],{"class":67},[53,113930,183],{"class":98},[53,113932,75],{"class":67},[53,113934,2437],{"class":98},[53,113936,75],{"class":67},[53,113938,9549],{"class":98},[53,113940,108],{"class":67},[14,113942,235],{},[44,113944,113946],{"className":46,"code":113945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,113947,113948,113960,113994,113998,114008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113949,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113951,3702],{"class":59},[53,113953,64],{"class":63},[53,113955,679],{"class":67},[53,113957,72],{"class":71},[53,113959,9176],{"class":67},[53,113961,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990,113992],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,113963,5233],{"class":59},[53,113965,95],{"class":67},[53,113967,30331],{"class":98},[53,113969,619],{"class":67},[53,113971,1937],{"class":71},[53,113973,75],{"class":67},[53,113975,83],{"class":71},[53,113977,17926],{"class":67},[53,113979,9103],{"class":67},[53,113981,105],{"class":71},[53,113983,75],{"class":67},[53,113985,1577],{"class":71},[53,113987,9100],{"class":67},[53,113989,679],{"class":67},[53,113991,80321],{"class":71},[53,113993,607],{"class":67},[53,113995,113996],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,113997,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,113999,114000,114002,114004,114006],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114001,115],{"class":114},[53,114003,102],{"class":67},[53,114005,5233],{"class":98},[53,114007,108],{"class":67},[53,114009,114010],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114011,114012],{"class":127},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114014,96054,114015,95],{},[183,114016,96062],{"href":97613},[39,114018,21835],{"id":21834},[14,114020,114021,1129,114023,95],{},[18,114022,97044],{},[18,114024,232],{},[14,114026,11582],{},[44,114028,114030],{"className":46,"code":114029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114031,114032,114048,114070,114074,114084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114033,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114035,60],{"class":59},[53,114037,64],{"class":63},[53,114039,679],{"class":67},[53,114041,72],{"class":71},[53,114043,75],{"class":67},[53,114045,78],{"class":71},[53,114047,9176],{"class":67},[53,114049,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114051,276],{"class":59},[53,114053,64],{"class":63},[53,114055,4138],{"class":59},[53,114057,95],{"class":67},[53,114059,30331],{"class":98},[53,114061,619],{"class":67},[53,114063,754],{"class":71},[53,114065,75],{"class":67},[53,114067,759],{"class":71},[53,114069,632],{"class":67},[53,114071,114072],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114073,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114075,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114077,115],{"class":114},[53,114079,102],{"class":67},[53,114081,323],{"class":98},[53,114083,108],{"class":67},[53,114085,114086],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114087,61557],{"class":127},[14,114089,114090,114091,95],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114092,323],{},[14,114094,18832],{},[44,114096,114098],{"className":46,"code":114097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114099,114100,114116,114134,114138,114148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114101,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114103,60],{"class":59},[53,114105,64],{"class":63},[53,114107,679],{"class":67},[53,114109,72],{"class":71},[53,114111,75],{"class":67},[53,114113,78],{"class":71},[53,114115,9176],{"class":67},[53,114117,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114119,92],{"class":59},[53,114121,95],{"class":67},[53,114123,30331],{"class":98},[53,114125,619],{"class":67},[53,114127,754],{"class":71},[53,114129,75],{"class":67},[53,114131,759],{"class":71},[53,114133,632],{"class":67},[53,114135,114136],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114137,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114139,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114141,115],{"class":114},[53,114143,102],{"class":67},[53,114145,92],{"class":98},[53,114147,108],{"class":67},[53,114149,114150],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114151,113760],{"class":127},[39,114153,114155],{"id":114154},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114157,114158,114159,95],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114160,14817],{},[44,114162,114164],{"className":46,"code":114163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114165,114166,114182,114208,114212,114222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114167,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114169,60],{"class":59},[53,114171,64],{"class":63},[53,114173,679],{"class":67},[53,114175,72],{"class":71},[53,114177,75],{"class":67},[53,114179,78],{"class":71},[53,114181,9176],{"class":67},[53,114183,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114185,92],{"class":59},[53,114187,95],{"class":67},[53,114189,30331],{"class":98},[53,114191,619],{"class":67},[53,114193,1937],{"class":71},[53,114195,75],{"class":67},[53,114197,83],{"class":71},[53,114199,75],{"class":67},[53,114201,759],{"class":71},[53,114203,75],{"class":67},[53,114205,759],{"class":71},[53,114207,632],{"class":67},[53,114209,114210],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114211,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114213,114214,114216,114218,114220],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114215,115],{"class":114},[53,114217,102],{"class":67},[53,114219,92],{"class":98},[53,114221,108],{"class":67},[53,114223,114224],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114225,113760],{"class":127},[14,114227,11551],{},[140,114229,114230,114235,114242],{},[143,114231,114232,114234],{},[18,114233,1937],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[143,114236,114237,4269,114239,114241],{},[18,114238,754],{},[18,114240,105],{}," are added",[143,114243,114244,114245,114247],{},"The second ",[18,114246,105],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114249,114250,114251,114254],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[183,114252,114253],{"href":98807},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[39,114256,114258],{"id":114257},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114260,7631,114261,114263],{},[18,114262,14817],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[44,114265,114267],{"className":46,"code":114266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114268,114269,114290,114311,114315,114331,114335,114345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114270,114271,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114272,114273],{"class":59},"set_a ",[53,114275,64],{"class":63},[53,114277,679],{"class":67},[53,114279,72],{"class":71},[53,114281,75],{"class":67},[53,114283,78],{"class":71},[53,114285,75],{"class":67},[53,114287,83],{"class":71},[53,114289,9176],{"class":67},[53,114291,114292,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114293,114294],{"class":59},"set_b ",[53,114296,64],{"class":63},[53,114298,679],{"class":67},[53,114300,754],{"class":71},[53,114302,75],{"class":67},[53,114304,759],{"class":71},[53,114306,75],{"class":67},[53,114308,1577],{"class":71},[53,114310,9176],{"class":67},[53,114312,114313],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114314,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114316,114317,114320,114322,114324,114326,114329],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114318,114319],{"class":59},"set_a",[53,114321,95],{"class":67},[53,114323,30331],{"class":98},[53,114325,102],{"class":67},[53,114327,114328],{"class":98},"set_b",[53,114330,108],{"class":67},[53,114332,114333],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114334,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114336,114337,114339,114341,114343],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,114338,115],{"class":114},[53,114340,102],{"class":67},[53,114342,114319],{"class":98},[53,114344,108],{"class":67},[53,114346,114347],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,114348,111721],{"class":127},[14,114350,114351],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114353,114354,114355,95],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[183,114356,114357],{"href":102526},[18,114358,107773],{},[44,114360,114362],{"className":46,"code":114361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114363,114364,114384,114404,114408,114428,114432,114443,114447,114457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114365,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114367,114273],{"class":59},[53,114369,64],{"class":63},[53,114371,679],{"class":67},[53,114373,72],{"class":71},[53,114375,75],{"class":67},[53,114377,78],{"class":71},[53,114379,75],{"class":67},[53,114381,83],{"class":71},[53,114383,9176],{"class":67},[53,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114387,114294],{"class":59},[53,114389,64],{"class":63},[53,114391,679],{"class":67},[53,114393,754],{"class":71},[53,114395,75],{"class":67},[53,114397,759],{"class":71},[53,114399,75],{"class":67},[53,114401,1577],{"class":71},[53,114403,9176],{"class":67},[53,114405,114406],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114407,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114409,114410,114413,114415,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114411,114412],{"class":59},"combined ",[53,114414,64],{"class":63},[53,114416,114417],{"class":59}," set_a",[53,114419,95],{"class":67},[53,114421,110999],{"class":98},[53,114423,102],{"class":67},[53,114425,114328],{"class":98},[53,114427,108],{"class":67},[53,114429,114430],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114431,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114433,114434,114436,114438,114441],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,114435,115],{"class":114},[53,114437,102],{"class":67},[53,114439,114440],{"class":98},"combined",[53,114442,108],{"class":67},[53,114444,114445],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,114446,111721],{"class":127},[53,114448,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,114450,115],{"class":114},[53,114452,102],{"class":67},[53,114454,114319],{"class":98},[53,114456,108],{"class":67},[53,114458,114459],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,114460,114461],{"class":127},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,114463,114465],{"id":114464},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114467,64466,114468,114470],{},[18,114469,14817],{}," adds each character separately.",[44,114472,114474],{"className":46,"code":114473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114475,114476,114492,114510,114514,114524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114477,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114479,1411],{"class":59},[53,114481,64],{"class":63},[53,114483,679],{"class":67},[53,114485,253],{"class":252},[53,114487,2056],{"class":256},[53,114489,253],{"class":252},[53,114491,9176],{"class":67},[53,114493,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114495,1437],{"class":59},[53,114497,95],{"class":67},[53,114499,30331],{"class":98},[53,114501,102],{"class":67},[53,114503,253],{"class":252},[53,114505,36909],{"class":256},[53,114507,253],{"class":252},[53,114509,108],{"class":67},[53,114511,114512],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114513,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114515,114516,114518,114520,114522],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114517,115],{"class":114},[53,114519,102],{"class":67},[53,114521,1437],{"class":98},[53,114523,108],{"class":67},[53,114525,114526],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114527,114528],{"class":127},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114530,114531],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114533,114534,13916,114537,114539,114540,114542],{},[18,114535,114536],{},"update(\"cat\")",[23,114538,36],{}," add ",[18,114541,112766],{}," as one item. It adds:",[140,114544,114545,114549,114553],{},[143,114546,114547],{},[18,114548,66208],{},[143,114550,114551],{},[18,114552,17960],{},[143,114554,114555],{},[18,114556,112782],{},[14,114558,114559,114560,597],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[183,114561,114562],{"href":98230},[18,114563,95938],{},[44,114565,114567],{"className":46,"code":114566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114568,114569,114585,114603,114607,114617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114570,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114572,3946],{"class":59},[53,114574,64],{"class":63},[53,114576,679],{"class":67},[53,114578,253],{"class":252},[53,114580,57852],{"class":256},[53,114582,253],{"class":252},[53,114584,9176],{"class":67},[53,114586,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114588,3988],{"class":59},[53,114590,95],{"class":67},[53,114592,81833],{"class":98},[53,114594,102],{"class":67},[53,114596,253],{"class":252},[53,114598,36909],{"class":256},[53,114600,253],{"class":252},[53,114602,108],{"class":67},[53,114604,114605],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114606,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114608,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114610,115],{"class":114},[53,114612,102],{"class":67},[53,114614,3988],{"class":98},[53,114616,108],{"class":67},[53,114618,114619],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114620,114621],{"class":127},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[39,114623,114625,10452,114627],{"id":114624},"update-vs-add",[18,114626,14817],{},[18,114628,95933],{},[14,114630,114631],{},"The difference is simple:",[140,114633,114634,114638],{},[143,114635,114636,96532],{},[18,114637,95933],{},[143,114639,114640,96537],{},[18,114641,14817],{},[14,114643,45903,114644,597],{},[18,114645,95933],{},[44,114647,114649],{"className":46,"code":114648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114650,114651,114667,114685,114689,114699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114652,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114654,245],{"class":59},[53,114656,64],{"class":63},[53,114658,679],{"class":67},[53,114660,253],{"class":252},[53,114662,257],{"class":256},[53,114664,253],{"class":252},[53,114666,9176],{"class":67},[53,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114670,311],{"class":59},[53,114672,95],{"class":67},[53,114674,81833],{"class":98},[53,114676,102],{"class":67},[53,114678,253],{"class":252},[53,114680,267],{"class":256},[53,114682,253],{"class":252},[53,114684,108],{"class":67},[53,114686,114687],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114688,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114690,114691,114693,114695,114697],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114692,115],{"class":114},[53,114694,102],{"class":67},[53,114696,311],{"class":98},[53,114698,108],{"class":67},[53,114700,114701],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114702,114703],{"class":127},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114705,45903,114706,597],{},[18,114707,14817],{},[44,114709,114711],{"className":46,"code":114710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114712,114713,114729,114755,114759,114769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114714,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114716,245],{"class":59},[53,114718,64],{"class":63},[53,114720,679],{"class":67},[53,114722,253],{"class":252},[53,114724,257],{"class":256},[53,114726,253],{"class":252},[53,114728,9176],{"class":67},[53,114730,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114732,311],{"class":59},[53,114734,95],{"class":67},[53,114736,30331],{"class":98},[53,114738,619],{"class":67},[53,114740,253],{"class":252},[53,114742,267],{"class":256},[53,114744,253],{"class":252},[53,114746,75],{"class":67},[53,114748,264],{"class":252},[53,114750,292],{"class":256},[53,114752,253],{"class":252},[53,114754,632],{"class":67},[53,114756,114757],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114758,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114762,115],{"class":114},[53,114764,102],{"class":67},[53,114766,311],{"class":98},[53,114768,108],{"class":67},[53,114770,114771],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114772,114773],{"class":127},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114775,114776],{},"Important warning with strings:",[44,114778,114780],{"className":46,"code":114779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,114781,114782,114798,114816,114820,114830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114783,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114785,245],{"class":59},[53,114787,64],{"class":63},[53,114789,679],{"class":67},[53,114791,253],{"class":252},[53,114793,257],{"class":256},[53,114795,253],{"class":252},[53,114797,9176],{"class":67},[53,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114801,311],{"class":59},[53,114803,95],{"class":67},[53,114805,30331],{"class":98},[53,114807,102],{"class":67},[53,114809,253],{"class":252},[53,114811,38204],{"class":256},[53,114813,253],{"class":252},[53,114815,108],{"class":67},[53,114817,114818],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114819,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114821,114822,114824,114826,114828],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114823,115],{"class":114},[53,114825,102],{"class":67},[53,114827,311],{"class":98},[53,114829,108],{"class":67},[53,114831,114832],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114833,114834],{"class":127},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114836,61832,114837,61905,114840,1381],{},[18,114838,114839],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,114841,95933],{},[39,114843,114845,10452,114847],{"id":114844},"update-vs-union",[18,114846,14817],{},[18,114848,102529],{},[14,114850,114851],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[830,114853,114854],{"id":30331},[18,114855,14817],{},[140,114857,114858,114861],{},[143,114859,114860],{},"Changes the existing set",[143,114862,11292,114863],{},[18,114864,232],{},[44,114866,114868],{"className":46,"code":114867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114869,114870,114886,114902,114906,114920,114930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114871,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882,114884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114873,2432],{"class":59},[53,114875,64],{"class":63},[53,114877,679],{"class":67},[53,114879,72],{"class":71},[53,114881,75],{"class":67},[53,114883,78],{"class":71},[53,114885,9176],{"class":67},[53,114887,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114889,2460],{"class":59},[53,114891,64],{"class":63},[53,114893,679],{"class":67},[53,114895,1937],{"class":71},[53,114897,75],{"class":67},[53,114899,83],{"class":71},[53,114901,9176],{"class":67},[53,114903,114904],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114905,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114909,183],{"class":59},[53,114911,95],{"class":67},[53,114913,30331],{"class":98},[53,114915,102],{"class":67},[53,114917,1453],{"class":98},[53,114919,108],{"class":67},[53,114921,114922,114924,114926,114928],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,114923,115],{"class":114},[53,114925,102],{"class":67},[53,114927,183],{"class":98},[53,114929,108],{"class":67},[53,114931,114932],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,114933,114461],{"class":127},[830,114935,114936],{"id":110999},[18,114937,102529],{},[140,114939,114940,114942],{},[143,114941,101067],{},[143,114943,101070],{},[44,114945,114947],{"className":46,"code":114946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,114948,114949,114965,114981,114985,115003,115013,115017,115027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114950,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114952,2432],{"class":59},[53,114954,64],{"class":63},[53,114956,679],{"class":67},[53,114958,72],{"class":71},[53,114960,75],{"class":67},[53,114962,78],{"class":71},[53,114964,9176],{"class":67},[53,114966,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,114968,2460],{"class":59},[53,114970,64],{"class":63},[53,114972,679],{"class":67},[53,114974,1937],{"class":71},[53,114976,75],{"class":67},[53,114978,83],{"class":71},[53,114980,9176],{"class":67},[53,114982,114983],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,114984,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,114988,82913],{"class":59},[53,114990,64],{"class":63},[53,114992,56612],{"class":59},[53,114994,95],{"class":67},[53,114996,110999],{"class":98},[53,114998,102],{"class":67},[53,115000,1453],{"class":98},[53,115002,108],{"class":67},[53,115004,115005,115007,115009,115011],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115006,115],{"class":114},[53,115008,102],{"class":67},[53,115010,1428],{"class":98},[53,115012,108],{"class":67},[53,115014,115015],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,115016,114461],{"class":127},[53,115018,115019,115021,115023,115025],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,115020,115],{"class":114},[53,115022,102],{"class":67},[53,115024,183],{"class":98},[53,115026,108],{"class":67},[53,115028,115029],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,115030,115031],{"class":127},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115033,107415,115034,115036,115037,115041],{},[18,115035,14817],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[183,115038,115039],{"href":102526},[18,115040,102529],{}," when you want a new set.",[39,115043,115045],{"id":115044},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115047,10615,115048,95],{},[18,115049,97044],{},[830,115051,115053],{"id":115052},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115055,115056],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[44,115058,115060],{"className":46,"code":115059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115061,115062,115078,115100,115104,115114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115063,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115065,15492],{"class":59},[53,115067,64],{"class":63},[53,115069,679],{"class":67},[53,115071,72],{"class":71},[53,115073,75],{"class":67},[53,115075,78],{"class":71},[53,115077,9176],{"class":67},[53,115079,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115081,276],{"class":59},[53,115083,64],{"class":63},[53,115085,96654],{"class":59},[53,115087,95],{"class":67},[53,115089,30331],{"class":98},[53,115091,619],{"class":67},[53,115093,754],{"class":71},[53,115095,75],{"class":67},[53,115097,759],{"class":71},[53,115099,632],{"class":67},[53,115101,115102],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115103,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115105,115106,115108,115110,115112],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115107,115],{"class":114},[53,115109,102],{"class":67},[53,115111,323],{"class":98},[53,115113,108],{"class":67},[53,115115,115116],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115117,61557],{"class":127},[14,115119,115120,115121,597],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115122,14817],{},[44,115124,115126],{"className":46,"code":115125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115127,115128,115144,115162,115166,115176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115131,15492],{"class":59},[53,115133,64],{"class":63},[53,115135,679],{"class":67},[53,115137,72],{"class":71},[53,115139,75],{"class":67},[53,115141,78],{"class":71},[53,115143,9176],{"class":67},[53,115145,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115147,15530],{"class":59},[53,115149,95],{"class":67},[53,115151,30331],{"class":98},[53,115153,619],{"class":67},[53,115155,754],{"class":71},[53,115157,75],{"class":67},[53,115159,759],{"class":71},[53,115161,632],{"class":67},[53,115163,115164],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115165,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115169,115],{"class":114},[53,115171,102],{"class":67},[53,115173,15530],{"class":98},[53,115175,108],{"class":67},[53,115177,115178],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115179,113760],{"class":127},[830,115181,115183],{"id":115182},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115185,2716],{},[44,115187,115189],{"className":46,"code":115188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115190,115191,115207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115192,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115194,15492],{"class":59},[53,115196,64],{"class":63},[53,115198,679],{"class":67},[53,115200,72],{"class":71},[53,115202,75],{"class":67},[53,115204,78],{"class":71},[53,115206,9176],{"class":67},[53,115208,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115210,15530],{"class":59},[53,115212,95],{"class":67},[53,115214,30331],{"class":98},[53,115216,102],{"class":67},[53,115218,2017],{"class":71},[53,115220,108],{"class":67},[14,115222,62011,115223,8468,115225,115227],{},[18,115224,2885],{},[18,115226,2017],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115229,6424],{},[44,115231,115233],{"className":46,"code":115232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115234,115235,115251,115265,115269,115279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115236,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115238,15492],{"class":59},[53,115240,64],{"class":63},[53,115242,679],{"class":67},[53,115244,72],{"class":71},[53,115246,75],{"class":67},[53,115248,78],{"class":71},[53,115250,9176],{"class":67},[53,115252,115253,115255,115257,115259,115261,115263],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115254,15530],{"class":59},[53,115256,95],{"class":67},[53,115258,30331],{"class":98},[53,115260,619],{"class":67},[53,115262,2017],{"class":71},[53,115264,632],{"class":67},[53,115266,115267],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115268,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115270,115271,115273,115275,115277],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115272,115],{"class":114},[53,115274,102],{"class":67},[53,115276,15530],{"class":98},[53,115278,108],{"class":67},[53,115280,115281],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115282,115283],{"class":127},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115285,45776,115286,95],{},[183,115287,25545,115288],{"href":52463},[18,115289,115290],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[830,115292,115294],{"id":115293},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115296,115297],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[44,115299,115301],{"className":46,"code":115300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115302,115303,115319,115345,115349,115359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115304,115305,115307,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115306,15492],{"class":59},[53,115308,64],{"class":63},[53,115310,679],{"class":67},[53,115312,72],{"class":71},[53,115314,75],{"class":67},[53,115316,78],{"class":71},[53,115318,9176],{"class":67},[53,115320,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115322,15530],{"class":59},[53,115324,95],{"class":67},[53,115326,30331],{"class":98},[53,115328,619],{"class":67},[53,115330,1937],{"class":71},[53,115332,75],{"class":67},[53,115334,78],{"class":71},[53,115336,75],{"class":67},[53,115338,78],{"class":71},[53,115340,75],{"class":67},[53,115342,83],{"class":71},[53,115344,632],{"class":67},[53,115346,115347],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115348,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115350,115351,115353,115355,115357],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115352,115],{"class":114},[53,115354,102],{"class":67},[53,115356,15530],{"class":98},[53,115358,108],{"class":67},[53,115360,115361],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115362,114461],{"class":127},[830,115364,115366,115367,44492,115369,115371],{"id":115365},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115368,14817],{},[18,115370,95933],{}," is better",[14,115373,115374,115375,115377],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115376,95933],{}," is usually the better choice.",[44,115379,115381],{"className":46,"code":115380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115382,115383,115399,115417,115421,115431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115384,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115386,15492],{"class":59},[53,115388,64],{"class":63},[53,115390,679],{"class":67},[53,115392,253],{"class":252},[53,115394,57852],{"class":256},[53,115396,253],{"class":252},[53,115398,9176],{"class":67},[53,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413,115415],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115402,15530],{"class":59},[53,115404,95],{"class":67},[53,115406,81833],{"class":98},[53,115408,102],{"class":67},[53,115410,253],{"class":252},[53,115412,36909],{"class":256},[53,115414,253],{"class":252},[53,115416,108],{"class":67},[53,115418,115419],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115420,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115422,115423,115425,115427,115429],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115424,115],{"class":114},[53,115426,102],{"class":67},[53,115428,15530],{"class":98},[53,115430,108],{"class":67},[53,115432,115433],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115434,114621],{"class":127},[39,115436,1650],{"id":1649},[830,115438,12570,115440,97023],{"id":115439},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115441,97044],{},[14,115443,97026,115444,95],{},[18,115445,232],{},[830,115447,28194,115448,32090],{"id":32087},[18,115449,14817],{},[14,115451,115452],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[830,115454,5055,115456,4269,115458,2370],{"id":115455},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115457,95933],{},[18,115459,14817],{},[14,115461,115462,115464,115465,115467],{},[18,115463,95933],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115466,14817],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[830,115469,115471],{"id":115470},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115473,115474,115475,114470],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115476,14817],{},[830,115478,115480],{"id":115479},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115482,131,115483,10959,115485,95],{},[18,115484,102529],{},[18,115486,14817],{},[39,115488,1782],{"id":1781},[140,115490,115491,115498,115505,115511,115517],{},[143,115492,115493],{},[183,115494,115495],{"href":98230},[18,115496,115497],{},"Python set add() method",[143,115499,115500],{},[183,115501,115502],{"href":102526},[18,115503,115504],{},"Python set union() method",[143,115506,115507],{},[183,115508,115509],{"href":97613},[18,115510,97068],{},[143,115512,115513],{},[183,115514,115515],{"href":98807},[18,115516,100074],{},[143,115518,115519],{},[183,115520,115521,115523],{"href":52463},[18,115522,115290],{}," fix",[14,115525,115526,115527,115529,115530,115532],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115528,95938],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115531,107773],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1810,115534,115535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":115537},[115538,115539,115541,115542,115543,115544,115545,115546,115548,115553,115560,115569],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":113768,"depth":89,"text":115540},"What set.update() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":21834,"depth":89,"text":21835},{"id":114154,"depth":89,"text":114155},{"id":114257,"depth":89,"text":114258},{"id":114464,"depth":89,"text":114465},{"id":114624,"depth":89,"text":115547},"update() vs add()",{"id":114844,"depth":89,"text":115549,"children":115550},"update() vs union()",[115551,115552],{"id":30331,"depth":111,"text":14817},{"id":110999,"depth":111,"text":102529},{"id":115044,"depth":89,"text":115045,"children":115554},[115555,115556,115557,115558],{"id":115052,"depth":111,"text":115053},{"id":115182,"depth":111,"text":115183},{"id":115293,"depth":111,"text":115294},{"id":115365,"depth":111,"text":115559},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":115561},[115562,115564,115565,115567,115568],{"id":115439,"depth":111,"text":115563},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32087,"depth":111,"text":32160},{"id":115455,"depth":111,"text":115566},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115470,"depth":111,"text":115471},{"id":115479,"depth":111,"text":115480},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113680,"description":115570},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115576,"title":115577,"body":115578,"description":117344,"extension":1841,"meta":117345,"navigation":301,"path":13653,"seo":117346,"stem":117347,"__hash__":117348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115579,"toc":117319},[115580,115583,115586,115589,115600,115608,115611,115613,115762,115774,115778,115795,115799,115807,115809,115820,115822,115919,115925,115928,116024,116033,116038,116042,116047,116049,116059,116061,116170,116178,116182,116185,116188,116205,116211,116291,116294,116298,116301,116305,116308,116367,116370,116374,116377,116469,116473,116476,116583,116587,116593,116621,116623,116705,116715,116719,116722,116733,116736,116821,116824,116829,116833,116836,116847,116850,116992,116995,116999,117002,117016,117019,117080,117086,117088,117091,117113,117116,117216,117219,117251,117253,117257,117260,117262,117265,117269,117272,117276,117279,117283,117286,117288,117316],[10,115581,115577],{"id":115582},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115584,115585],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115587,115588],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[140,115590,115591,115594,115597],{},[143,115592,115593],{},"a list inside another list",[143,115595,115596],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[143,115598,115599],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115601,99996,115602,4269,115604,115607],{},[23,115603,12717],{},[23,115605,115606],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115609,115610],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[39,115612,1882],{"id":1881},[44,115614,115616],{"className":46,"code":115615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115617,115618,115625,115629,115655,115675,115695,115699,115717,115721,115734,115748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115619,115620,115622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115621,34955],{"class":1558},[53,115623,115624],{"class":59}," copy\n",[53,115626,115627],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115628,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115632,11951],{"class":59},[53,115634,64],{"class":63},[53,115636,56018],{"class":67},[53,115638,72],{"class":71},[53,115640,75],{"class":67},[53,115642,78],{"class":71},[53,115644,17926],{"class":67},[53,115646,68],{"class":67},[53,115648,754],{"class":71},[53,115650,75],{"class":67},[53,115652,759],{"class":71},[53,115654,711],{"class":67},[53,115656,115657,115660,115662,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115658,115659],{"class":59},"shallow ",[53,115661,64],{"class":63},[53,115663,115664],{"class":59}," copy",[53,115666,95],{"class":67},[53,115668,12778],{"class":98},[53,115670,102],{"class":67},[53,115672,11998],{"class":98},[53,115674,108],{"class":67},[53,115676,115677,115680,115682,115684,115686,115689,115691,115693],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115678,115679],{"class":59},"deep ",[53,115681,64],{"class":63},[53,115683,115664],{"class":59},[53,115685,95],{"class":67},[53,115687,115688],{"class":98},"deepcopy",[53,115690,102],{"class":67},[53,115692,11998],{"class":98},[53,115694,108],{"class":67},[53,115696,115697],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,115698,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115700,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,115702,11998],{"class":59},[53,115704,338],{"class":67},[53,115706,2000],{"class":71},[53,115708,1252],{"class":67},[53,115710,99],{"class":98},[53,115712,102],{"class":67},[53,115714,56071],{"class":71},[53,115716,108],{"class":67},[53,115718,115719],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,115720,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115722,115723,115725,115727,115729,115731],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,115724,115],{"class":114},[53,115726,102],{"class":67},[53,115728,11998],{"class":98},[53,115730,3539],{"class":67},[53,115732,115733],{"class":127},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115735,115736,115738,115740,115743,115745],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,115737,115],{"class":114},[53,115739,102],{"class":67},[53,115741,115742],{"class":98},"shallow",[53,115744,3539],{"class":67},[53,115746,115747],{"class":127},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115749,115750,115752,115754,115757,115759],{"class":55,"line":11462},[53,115751,115],{"class":114},[53,115753,102],{"class":67},[53,115755,115756],{"class":98},"deep",[53,115758,3539],{"class":67},[53,115760,115761],{"class":127},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115763,131,115764,115767,115768,4269,115770,115773],{},[18,115765,115766],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[23,115769,12717],{},[18,115771,115772],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[39,115775,115777],{"id":115776},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[140,115779,115780,115783,115786,115789,115792],{},[143,115781,115782],{},"What a copy means in Python",[143,115784,115785],{},"How shallow copy works",[143,115787,115788],{},"How deep copy works",[143,115790,115791],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[143,115793,115794],{},"When to use each approach",[39,115796,115798],{"id":115797},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115800,15052,115801,115803,115804,115806],{},[23,115802,12717],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[23,115805,36],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115808,1987],{},[140,115810,115811,115814,115817],{},[143,115812,115813],{},"the outer container is new",[143,115815,115816],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[143,115818,115819],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115821,235],{},[44,115823,115825],{"className":46,"code":115824,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,115826,115827,115853,115867,115871,115889,115893,115906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115828,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115830,11951],{"class":59},[53,115832,64],{"class":63},[53,115834,56018],{"class":67},[53,115836,72],{"class":71},[53,115838,75],{"class":67},[53,115840,78],{"class":71},[53,115842,17926],{"class":67},[53,115844,68],{"class":67},[53,115846,754],{"class":71},[53,115848,75],{"class":67},[53,115850,759],{"class":71},[53,115852,711],{"class":67},[53,115854,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115856,14174],{"class":59},[53,115858,64],{"class":63},[53,115860,12026],{"class":59},[53,115862,95],{"class":67},[53,115864,12778],{"class":98},[53,115866,8510],{"class":67},[53,115868,115869],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115870,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115872,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115874,14193],{"class":59},[53,115876,95],{"class":67},[53,115878,99],{"class":98},[53,115880,619],{"class":67},[53,115882,2017],{"class":71},[53,115884,75],{"class":67},[53,115886,37506],{"class":71},[53,115888,632],{"class":67},[53,115890,115891],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115892,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115894,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,115896,115],{"class":114},[53,115898,102],{"class":67},[53,115900,11998],{"class":98},[53,115902,3539],{"class":67},[53,115904,115905],{"class":127},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115907,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,115909,115],{"class":114},[53,115911,102],{"class":67},[53,115913,14193],{"class":98},[53,115915,3539],{"class":67},[53,115917,115918],{"class":127},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115920,115921,115922,115924],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,115923,14193],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115926,115927],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[44,115929,115931],{"className":46,"code":115930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115932,115933,115959,115973,115977,115995,115999,116011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115934,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115936,11951],{"class":59},[53,115938,64],{"class":63},[53,115940,56018],{"class":67},[53,115942,72],{"class":71},[53,115944,75],{"class":67},[53,115946,78],{"class":71},[53,115948,17926],{"class":67},[53,115950,68],{"class":67},[53,115952,754],{"class":71},[53,115954,75],{"class":67},[53,115956,759],{"class":71},[53,115958,711],{"class":67},[53,115960,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,115962,14174],{"class":59},[53,115964,64],{"class":63},[53,115966,12026],{"class":59},[53,115968,95],{"class":67},[53,115970,12778],{"class":98},[53,115972,8510],{"class":67},[53,115974,115975],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,115976,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,115978,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,115980,14193],{"class":59},[53,115982,338],{"class":67},[53,115984,2000],{"class":71},[53,115986,1252],{"class":67},[53,115988,99],{"class":98},[53,115990,102],{"class":67},[53,115992,56071],{"class":71},[53,115994,108],{"class":67},[53,115996,115997],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,115998,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116002,115],{"class":114},[53,116004,102],{"class":67},[53,116006,11998],{"class":98},[53,116008,3539],{"class":67},[53,116010,115733],{"class":127},[53,116012,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116014,115],{"class":114},[53,116016,102],{"class":67},[53,116018,14193],{"class":98},[53,116020,3539],{"class":67},[53,116022,116023],{"class":127},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116025,116026,116027,4269,116029,116032],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116028,56175],{},[18,116030,116031],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116034,116035,116036,95],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[183,116037,43798],{"href":11930},[39,116039,116041],{"id":116040},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116043,15052,116044,116046],{},[23,116045,115606],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116048,1987],{},[140,116050,116051,116053,116056],{},[143,116052,115813],{},[143,116054,116055],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[143,116057,116058],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116060,235],{},[44,116062,116064],{"className":46,"code":116063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116065,116066,116072,116076,116102,116120,116124,116142,116146,116158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116067,116068,116070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116069,34955],{"class":1558},[53,116071,115624],{"class":59},[53,116073,116074],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116075,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116077,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116079,11951],{"class":59},[53,116081,64],{"class":63},[53,116083,56018],{"class":67},[53,116085,72],{"class":71},[53,116087,75],{"class":67},[53,116089,78],{"class":71},[53,116091,17926],{"class":67},[53,116093,68],{"class":67},[53,116095,754],{"class":71},[53,116097,75],{"class":67},[53,116099,759],{"class":71},[53,116101,711],{"class":67},[53,116103,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116105,14174],{"class":59},[53,116107,64],{"class":63},[53,116109,115664],{"class":59},[53,116111,95],{"class":67},[53,116113,115688],{"class":98},[53,116115,102],{"class":67},[53,116117,11998],{"class":98},[53,116119,108],{"class":67},[53,116121,116122],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116123,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116125,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116127,14193],{"class":59},[53,116129,338],{"class":67},[53,116131,2000],{"class":71},[53,116133,1252],{"class":67},[53,116135,99],{"class":98},[53,116137,102],{"class":67},[53,116139,56071],{"class":71},[53,116141,108],{"class":67},[53,116143,116144],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116145,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,116149,115],{"class":114},[53,116151,102],{"class":67},[53,116153,11998],{"class":98},[53,116155,3539],{"class":67},[53,116157,115905],{"class":127},[53,116159,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,116161,115],{"class":114},[53,116163,102],{"class":67},[53,116165,14193],{"class":98},[53,116167,3539],{"class":67},[53,116169,116023],{"class":127},[14,116171,116172,116173,116175,116176,95],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116174,116031],{}," does not change ",[18,116177,56175],{},[39,116179,116181],{"id":116180},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116183,116184],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116186,116187],{},"Common reasons:",[140,116189,116190,116193,116196,116202],{},[143,116191,116192],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[143,116194,116195],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[143,116197,116198,116199,116201],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116200,64],{}," does not make a copy",[143,116203,116204],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116206,116207,116208,116210],{},"For example, this does ",[23,116209,36],{}," create a copy:",[44,116212,116214],{"className":46,"code":116213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116215,116216,116236,116244,116248,116262,116266,116278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116217,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116219,11951],{"class":59},[53,116221,64],{"class":63},[53,116223,68],{"class":67},[53,116225,72],{"class":71},[53,116227,75],{"class":67},[53,116229,78],{"class":71},[53,116231,75],{"class":67},[53,116233,83],{"class":71},[53,116235,86],{"class":67},[53,116237,116238,116240,116242],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116239,14174],{"class":59},[53,116241,64],{"class":63},[53,116243,11989],{"class":59},[53,116245,116246],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116247,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116251,14193],{"class":59},[53,116253,95],{"class":67},[53,116255,99],{"class":98},[53,116257,102],{"class":67},[53,116259,105],{"class":71},[53,116261,108],{"class":67},[53,116263,116264],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116265,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116269,115],{"class":114},[53,116271,102],{"class":67},[53,116273,11998],{"class":98},[53,116275,3539],{"class":67},[53,116277,55425],{"class":127},[53,116279,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116281,115],{"class":114},[53,116283,102],{"class":67},[53,116285,14193],{"class":98},[53,116287,3539],{"class":67},[53,116289,116290],{"class":127},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116292,116293],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[39,116295,116297],{"id":116296},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116299,116300],{},"These three ideas are different.",[830,116302,116304],{"id":116303},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116306,116307],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[44,116309,116311],{"className":46,"code":116310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116312,116313,116339,116347,116351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116314,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116316,11951],{"class":59},[53,116318,64],{"class":63},[53,116320,56018],{"class":67},[53,116322,72],{"class":71},[53,116324,75],{"class":67},[53,116326,78],{"class":71},[53,116328,17926],{"class":67},[53,116330,68],{"class":67},[53,116332,754],{"class":71},[53,116334,75],{"class":67},[53,116336,759],{"class":71},[53,116338,711],{"class":67},[53,116340,116341,116343,116345],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116342,13965],{"class":59},[53,116344,64],{"class":63},[53,116346,11989],{"class":59},[53,116348,116349],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116350,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116354,115],{"class":114},[53,116356,102],{"class":67},[53,116358,11951],{"class":98},[53,116360,12059],{"class":1558},[53,116362,14033],{"class":98},[53,116364,3539],{"class":67},[53,116366,3542],{"class":127},[14,116368,116369],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[830,116371,116373],{"id":116372},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116375,116376],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[44,116378,116380],{"className":46,"code":116379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116381,116382,116408,116422,116426,116443],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116383,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116385,11951],{"class":59},[53,116387,64],{"class":63},[53,116389,56018],{"class":67},[53,116391,72],{"class":71},[53,116393,75],{"class":67},[53,116395,78],{"class":71},[53,116397,17926],{"class":67},[53,116399,68],{"class":67},[53,116401,754],{"class":71},[53,116403,75],{"class":67},[53,116405,759],{"class":71},[53,116407,711],{"class":67},[53,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116411,115659],{"class":59},[53,116413,64],{"class":63},[53,116415,12026],{"class":59},[53,116417,95],{"class":67},[53,116419,12778],{"class":98},[53,116421,8510],{"class":67},[53,116423,116424],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116425,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116427,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116439,116441],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116429,115],{"class":114},[53,116431,102],{"class":67},[53,116433,11951],{"class":98},[53,116435,12059],{"class":1558},[53,116437,116438],{"class":98}," shallow",[53,116440,3539],{"class":67},[53,116442,21065],{"class":127},[53,116444,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116446,115],{"class":114},[53,116448,102],{"class":67},[53,116450,11998],{"class":98},[53,116452,338],{"class":67},[53,116454,2000],{"class":71},[53,116456,13138],{"class":67},[53,116458,7964],{"class":1558},[53,116460,116438],{"class":98},[53,116462,338],{"class":67},[53,116464,2000],{"class":71},[53,116466,20310],{"class":67},[53,116468,3542],{"class":127},[830,116470,116472],{"id":116471},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116474,116475],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[44,116477,116479],{"className":46,"code":116478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116480,116481,116487,116491,116517,116535,116539,116557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116482,116483,116485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116484,34955],{"class":1558},[53,116486,115624],{"class":59},[53,116488,116489],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116490,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116492,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116494,11951],{"class":59},[53,116496,64],{"class":63},[53,116498,56018],{"class":67},[53,116500,72],{"class":71},[53,116502,75],{"class":67},[53,116504,78],{"class":71},[53,116506,17926],{"class":67},[53,116508,68],{"class":67},[53,116510,754],{"class":71},[53,116512,75],{"class":67},[53,116514,759],{"class":71},[53,116516,711],{"class":67},[53,116518,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116520,115679],{"class":59},[53,116522,64],{"class":63},[53,116524,115664],{"class":59},[53,116526,95],{"class":67},[53,116528,115688],{"class":98},[53,116530,102],{"class":67},[53,116532,11998],{"class":98},[53,116534,108],{"class":67},[53,116536,116537],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116538,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116540,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116552,116554],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116542,115],{"class":114},[53,116544,102],{"class":67},[53,116546,11951],{"class":98},[53,116548,12059],{"class":1558},[53,116550,116551],{"class":98}," deep",[53,116553,3539],{"class":67},[53,116555,116556],{"class":127},"         # False\n",[53,116558,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116560,115],{"class":114},[53,116562,102],{"class":67},[53,116564,11998],{"class":98},[53,116566,338],{"class":67},[53,116568,2000],{"class":71},[53,116570,13138],{"class":67},[53,116572,7964],{"class":1558},[53,116574,116551],{"class":98},[53,116576,338],{"class":67},[53,116578,2000],{"class":71},[53,116580,20310],{"class":67},[53,116582,43734],{"class":127},[39,116584,116586],{"id":116585},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116588,116589,116590,597],{},"These all make ",[23,116591,116592],{},"shallow copies",[140,116594,116595,116599,116603,116608,116614],{},[143,116596,116597],{},[18,116598,55325],{},[143,116600,116601],{},[18,116602,12300],{},[143,116604,116605],{},[18,116606,116607],{},"set.copy()",[143,116609,116610,116611],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116612,116613],{},"my_list[:]",[143,116615,116616,116618,116619,34945],{},[18,116617,115766],{}," from the ",[18,116620,12778],{},[14,116622,2006],{},[44,116624,116626],{"className":46,"code":116625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116627,116628,116648,116652,116666,116677,116681,116693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116629,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116631,60],{"class":59},[53,116633,64],{"class":63},[53,116635,68],{"class":67},[53,116637,72],{"class":71},[53,116639,75],{"class":67},[53,116641,78],{"class":71},[53,116643,75],{"class":67},[53,116645,83],{"class":71},[53,116647,86],{"class":67},[53,116649,116650],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116651,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116655,2432],{"class":59},[53,116657,64],{"class":63},[53,116659,4138],{"class":59},[53,116661,95],{"class":67},[53,116663,12778],{"class":98},[53,116665,8510],{"class":67},[53,116667,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116669,2460],{"class":59},[53,116671,64],{"class":63},[53,116673,4138],{"class":59},[53,116675,116676],{"class":67},"[:]\n",[53,116678,116679],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116680,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116682,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116684,115],{"class":114},[53,116686,102],{"class":67},[53,116688,183],{"class":98},[53,116690,3539],{"class":67},[53,116692,54656],{"class":127},[53,116694,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116696,115],{"class":114},[53,116698,102],{"class":67},[53,116700,1453],{"class":98},[53,116702,3539],{"class":67},[53,116704,54656],{"class":127},[14,116706,72867,116707,47396,116711,95],{},[183,116708,116709,10608],{"href":54684},[18,116710,55325],{},[183,116712,116713,10608],{"href":12297},[18,116714,12300],{},[39,116716,116718],{"id":116717},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116720,116721],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[140,116723,116724,116727,116730],{},[143,116725,116726],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[143,116728,116729],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[143,116731,116732],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116734,116735],{},"Example with a flat list:",[44,116737,116739],{"className":46,"code":116738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116740,116741,116761,116775,116779,116793,116797,116809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116742,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116744,11951],{"class":59},[53,116746,64],{"class":63},[53,116748,68],{"class":67},[53,116750,72],{"class":71},[53,116752,75],{"class":67},[53,116754,78],{"class":71},[53,116756,75],{"class":67},[53,116758,83],{"class":71},[53,116760,86],{"class":67},[53,116762,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116764,14174],{"class":59},[53,116766,64],{"class":63},[53,116768,12026],{"class":59},[53,116770,95],{"class":67},[53,116772,12778],{"class":98},[53,116774,8510],{"class":67},[53,116776,116777],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116778,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116780,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116782,14193],{"class":59},[53,116784,95],{"class":67},[53,116786,99],{"class":98},[53,116788,102],{"class":67},[53,116790,105],{"class":71},[53,116792,108],{"class":67},[53,116794,116795],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116796,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116798,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116800,115],{"class":114},[53,116802,102],{"class":67},[53,116804,11998],{"class":98},[53,116806,3539],{"class":67},[53,116808,54656],{"class":127},[53,116810,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116812,115],{"class":114},[53,116814,102],{"class":67},[53,116816,14193],{"class":98},[53,116818,3539],{"class":67},[53,116820,116290],{"class":127},[14,116822,116823],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116825,116826,116827,95],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[183,116828,14751],{"href":56944},[39,116830,116832],{"id":116831},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116834,116835],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[140,116837,116838,116841,116844],{},[143,116839,116840],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[143,116842,116843],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[143,116845,116846],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116848,116849],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[44,116851,116853],{"className":46,"code":116852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,116854,116855,116861,116865,116891,116905,116923,116927,116949,116953,116966,116979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116856,116857,116859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116858,34955],{"class":1558},[53,116860,115624],{"class":59},[53,116862,116863],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,116864,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116866,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,116868,11951],{"class":59},[53,116870,64],{"class":63},[53,116872,679],{"class":67},[53,116874,253],{"class":252},[53,116876,16253],{"class":256},[53,116878,253],{"class":252},[53,116880,597],{"class":67},[53,116882,68],{"class":67},[53,116884,539],{"class":71},[53,116886,75],{"class":67},[53,116888,7658],{"class":71},[53,116890,13569],{"class":67},[53,116892,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,116894,115659],{"class":59},[53,116896,64],{"class":63},[53,116898,12026],{"class":59},[53,116900,95],{"class":67},[53,116902,12778],{"class":98},[53,116904,8510],{"class":67},[53,116906,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,116908,115679],{"class":59},[53,116910,64],{"class":63},[53,116912,115664],{"class":59},[53,116914,95],{"class":67},[53,116916,115688],{"class":98},[53,116918,102],{"class":67},[53,116920,11998],{"class":98},[53,116922,108],{"class":67},[53,116924,116925],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,116926,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,116930,11998],{"class":59},[53,116932,338],{"class":67},[53,116934,253],{"class":252},[53,116936,16253],{"class":256},[53,116938,253],{"class":252},[53,116940,1252],{"class":67},[53,116942,99],{"class":98},[53,116944,102],{"class":67},[53,116946,36703],{"class":71},[53,116948,108],{"class":67},[53,116950,116951],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,116952,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,116954,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,116956,115],{"class":114},[53,116958,102],{"class":67},[53,116960,11998],{"class":98},[53,116962,3539],{"class":67},[53,116964,116965],{"class":127},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116967,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976],{"class":55,"line":6306},[53,116969,115],{"class":114},[53,116971,102],{"class":67},[53,116973,115742],{"class":98},[53,116975,3539],{"class":67},[53,116977,116978],{"class":127},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116980,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989],{"class":55,"line":11462},[53,116982,115],{"class":114},[53,116984,102],{"class":67},[53,116986,115756],{"class":98},[53,116988,3539],{"class":67},[53,116990,116991],{"class":127},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,116993,116994],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[39,116996,116998],{"id":116997},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117000,117001],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[140,117003,117004,117007,117010,117013],{},[143,117005,117006],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[143,117008,117009],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[143,117011,117012],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[143,117014,117015],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117017,117018],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[44,117020,117022],{"className":46,"code":117021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117023,117024,117032,117040,117044,117052,117056,117068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117025,117026,117028,117030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117027,2432],{"class":59},[53,117029,64],{"class":63},[53,117031,2465],{"class":71},[53,117033,117034,117036,117038],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117035,2460],{"class":59},[53,117037,64],{"class":63},[53,117039,36039],{"class":59},[53,117041,117042],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,117043,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,117045,117046,117048,117050],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,117047,2460],{"class":59},[53,117049,64],{"class":63},[53,117051,14477],{"class":71},[53,117053,117054],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,117055,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,117057,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,117059,115],{"class":114},[53,117061,102],{"class":67},[53,117063,183],{"class":98},[53,117065,3539],{"class":67},[53,117067,26660],{"class":127},[53,117069,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,117071,115],{"class":114},[53,117073,102],{"class":67},[53,117075,1453],{"class":98},[53,117077,3539],{"class":67},[53,117079,27481],{"class":127},[14,117081,93238,117082,117085],{},[183,117083,117084],{"href":11930},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[39,117087,2709],{"id":2708},[14,117089,117090],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[140,117092,117093,117097,117102,117107,117110],{},[143,117094,833,117095,56508],{},[18,117096,64],{},[143,117098,833,117099,117101],{},[18,117100,55325],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[143,117103,833,117104,117106],{},[18,117105,12300],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[143,117108,117109],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[143,117111,117112],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117114,117115],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[44,117117,117119],{"className":46,"code":117118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117120,117121,117135,117149,117171,117202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117122,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117124,115],{"class":114},[53,117126,102],{"class":67},[53,117128,11951],{"class":98},[53,117130,12059],{"class":1558},[53,117132,14247],{"class":98},[53,117134,108],{"class":67},[53,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117138,115],{"class":114},[53,117140,102],{"class":67},[53,117142,11951],{"class":98},[53,117144,4562],{"class":63},[53,117146,14247],{"class":98},[53,117148,108],{"class":67},[53,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,117152,115],{"class":114},[53,117154,102],{"class":67},[53,117156,12515],{"class":114},[53,117158,102],{"class":67},[53,117160,11998],{"class":98},[53,117162,9100],{"class":67},[53,117164,14679],{"class":114},[53,117166,102],{"class":67},[53,117168,14193],{"class":98},[53,117170,1907],{"class":67},[53,117172,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,117174,115],{"class":114},[53,117176,102],{"class":67},[53,117178,12515],{"class":114},[53,117180,102],{"class":67},[53,117182,11998],{"class":98},[53,117184,338],{"class":67},[53,117186,2000],{"class":71},[53,117188,117189],{"class":67},"]),",[53,117191,14679],{"class":114},[53,117193,102],{"class":67},[53,117195,14193],{"class":98},[53,117197,338],{"class":67},[53,117199,2000],{"class":71},[53,117201,2879],{"class":67},[53,117203,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,117205,115],{"class":114},[53,117207,102],{"class":67},[53,117209,3102],{"class":2782},[53,117211,102],{"class":67},[53,117213,11998],{"class":98},[53,117215,1907],{"class":67},[14,117217,117218],{},"What they tell you:",[140,117220,117221,117226,117231,117236,117246],{},[143,117222,117223,117225],{},[18,117224,12059],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[143,117227,117228,117230],{},[18,117229,4562],{}," checks whether values are equal",[143,117232,117233,117235],{},[18,117234,43350],{}," shows the identity of an object",[143,117237,117238,117239,4269,117242,117245],{},"comparing ",[18,117240,117241],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117243,117244],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[143,117247,117248,117250],{},[18,117249,2181],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[39,117252,1650],{"id":1649},[830,117254,117256],{"id":117255},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117258,117259],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[830,117261,56994],{"id":56909},[14,117263,117264],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[830,117266,117268],{"id":117267},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117270,117271],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[830,117273,117275],{"id":117274},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117277,117278],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[830,117280,117282],{"id":117281},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117284,117285],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[39,117287,1782],{"id":1781},[140,117289,117290,117295,117301,117307,117311],{},[143,117291,117292],{},[183,117293,117294],{"href":11930},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[143,117296,117297],{},[183,117298,3457,117299,10608],{"href":54684},[18,117300,55325],{},[143,117302,117303],{},[183,117304,3457,117305,10608],{"href":12297},[18,117306,12300],{},[143,117308,117309],{},[183,117310,14828],{"href":56944},[143,117312,117313],{},[183,117314,117315],{"href":58219},"What is a list in Python?",[1810,117317,117318],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":117320},[117321,117322,117323,117324,117325,117326,117331,117332,117333,117334,117335,117336,117343],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":115776,"depth":89,"text":115777},{"id":115797,"depth":89,"text":115798},{"id":116040,"depth":89,"text":116041},{"id":116180,"depth":89,"text":116181},{"id":116296,"depth":89,"text":116297,"children":117327},[117328,117329,117330],{"id":116303,"depth":111,"text":116304},{"id":116372,"depth":111,"text":116373},{"id":116471,"depth":111,"text":116472},{"id":116585,"depth":89,"text":116586},{"id":116717,"depth":89,"text":116718},{"id":116831,"depth":89,"text":116832},{"id":116997,"depth":89,"text":116998},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":117337},[117338,117339,117340,117341,117342],{"id":117255,"depth":111,"text":117256},{"id":56909,"depth":111,"text":56994},{"id":117267,"depth":111,"text":117268},{"id":117274,"depth":111,"text":117275},{"id":117281,"depth":111,"text":117282},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115577,"description":117344},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117350,"title":117351,"body":117352,"description":119209,"extension":1841,"meta":119210,"navigation":301,"path":119211,"seo":119212,"stem":119213,"__hash__":119214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117353,"toc":119167},[117354,117359,117364,117372,117374,117442,117447,117452,117467,117470,117472,117503,117505,117525,117528,117543,117545,117548,117621,117623,117668,117670,117681,117686,117690,117695,117698,117737,117739,117759,117762,117819,117821,117856,117859,117898,117900,117920,117923,117954,117956,118012,118014,118019,118090,118092,118125,118130,118135,118200,118202,118239,118242,118319,118321,118381,118388,118393,118396,118399,118480,118482,118523,118528,118531,118609,118611,118644,118653,118660,118663,118674,118677,118688,118692,118700,118709,118713,118718,118722,118727,118770,118773,118779,118782,118784,118831,118836,118840,118843,118892,118894,118915,118918,118920,118945,118948,119069,119074,119076,119081,119084,119089,119092,119100,119105,119112,119115,119123,119126,119128,119164],[10,117355,3457,117357,3461],{"id":117356},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117358,74151],{},[14,117360,117361,117363],{},[18,117362,74151],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117365,117366,117367,2072,117369,117371],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117368,77594],{},[18,117370,74151],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[39,117373,42],{"id":41},[44,117375,117377],{"className":46,"code":117376,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117378,117379,117399,117413,117417,117429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117380,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117382,60],{"class":59},[53,117384,64],{"class":63},[53,117386,68],{"class":67},[53,117388,754],{"class":71},[53,117390,75],{"class":67},[53,117392,5371],{"class":71},[53,117394,75],{"class":67},[53,117396,78],{"class":71},[53,117398,86],{"class":67},[53,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117402,276],{"class":59},[53,117404,64],{"class":63},[53,117406,74285],{"class":114},[53,117408,102],{"class":67},[53,117410,92],{"class":98},[53,117412,108],{"class":67},[53,117414,117415],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,117416,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,117418,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,117420,115],{"class":114},[53,117422,102],{"class":67},[53,117424,323],{"class":98},[53,117426,3539],{"class":67},[53,117428,55412],{"class":127},[53,117430,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,117432,115],{"class":114},[53,117434,102],{"class":67},[53,117436,92],{"class":98},[53,117438,3539],{"class":67},[53,117440,117441],{"class":127},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117443,117444,117446],{},[18,117445,74151],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[39,117448,3556,117450,3559],{"id":117449},"what-sorted-does",[18,117451,74151],{},[140,117453,117454,117458,117461,117464],{},[143,117455,117456,62652],{},[18,117457,74151],{},[143,117459,117460],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[143,117462,117463],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[143,117465,117466],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117468,117469],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[39,117471,2039],{"id":2038},[44,117473,117475],{"className":46,"code":117474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117476,117477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117478,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117480,74241],{"class":114},[53,117482,102],{"class":67},[53,117484,3600],{"class":98},[53,117486,75],{"class":67},[53,117488,21444],{"class":9043},[53,117490,64],{"class":63},[53,117492,232],{"class":369},[53,117494,75],{"class":67},[53,117496,77797],{"class":9043},[53,117498,64],{"class":63},[53,117500,3552],{"class":369},[53,117502,108],{"class":67},[830,117504,17260],{"id":17259},[140,117506,117507,117512,117517],{},[143,117508,117509,117511],{},[18,117510,3600],{},": the values to sort",[143,117513,117514,117516],{},[18,117515,14704],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[143,117518,117519,117521,117522,117524],{},[18,117520,73304],{},": set to ",[18,117523,573],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117526,117527],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[44,117529,117531],{"className":46,"code":117530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117532,117533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117534,117535,117537,117539,117541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117536,74241],{"class":114},[53,117538,102],{"class":67},[53,117540,60033],{"class":98},[53,117542,108],{"class":67},[39,117544,385],{"id":384},[14,117546,117547],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[44,117549,117551],{"className":46,"code":117550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117552,117553,117577,117581,117596,117600,117611],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117554,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117556,60],{"class":59},[53,117558,64],{"class":63},[53,117560,68],{"class":67},[53,117562,2017],{"class":71},[53,117564,75],{"class":67},[53,117566,78],{"class":71},[53,117568,75],{"class":67},[53,117570,6232],{"class":71},[53,117572,75],{"class":67},[53,117574,5371],{"class":71},[53,117576,86],{"class":67},[53,117578,117579],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117580,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,117582,117583,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,117584,117585],{"class":59},"sorted_numbers ",[53,117587,64],{"class":63},[53,117589,74285],{"class":114},[53,117591,102],{"class":67},[53,117593,92],{"class":98},[53,117595,108],{"class":67},[53,117597,117598],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,117599,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,117601,117602,117604,117606,117609],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,117603,115],{"class":114},[53,117605,102],{"class":67},[53,117607,117608],{"class":98},"sorted_numbers",[53,117610,108],{"class":67},[53,117612,117613,117615,117617,117619],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,117614,115],{"class":114},[53,117616,102],{"class":67},[53,117618,92],{"class":98},[53,117620,108],{"class":67},[14,117622,328],{},[44,117624,117626],{"className":46,"code":117625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117627,117628,117648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117629,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117631,338],{"class":67},[53,117633,72],{"class":71},[53,117635,75],{"class":67},[53,117637,78],{"class":71},[53,117639,75],{"class":67},[53,117641,1577],{"class":71},[53,117643,75],{"class":67},[53,117645,6232],{"class":71},[53,117647,86],{"class":67},[53,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117651,338],{"class":67},[53,117653,2017],{"class":71},[53,117655,75],{"class":67},[53,117657,78],{"class":71},[53,117659,75],{"class":67},[53,117661,6232],{"class":71},[53,117663,75],{"class":67},[53,117665,5371],{"class":71},[53,117667,86],{"class":67},[14,117669,13626],{},[140,117671,117672,117677],{},[143,117673,117674,117676],{},[18,117675,117608],{}," is a new sorted list",[143,117678,117679,112213],{},[18,117680,92],{},[14,117682,117683,117684,95],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[183,117685,78104],{"href":78103},[39,117687,117689],{"id":117688},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117691,117692,117694],{},[18,117693,74151],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[830,117696,117697],{"id":7961},"List",[44,117699,117701],{"className":46,"code":117700,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117702,117703,117723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117704,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117706,60],{"class":59},[53,117708,64],{"class":63},[53,117710,68],{"class":67},[53,117712,754],{"class":71},[53,117714,75],{"class":67},[53,117716,5371],{"class":71},[53,117718,75],{"class":67},[53,117720,78],{"class":71},[53,117722,86],{"class":67},[53,117724,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117726,115],{"class":114},[53,117728,102],{"class":67},[53,117730,74241],{"class":114},[53,117732,102],{"class":67},[53,117734,92],{"class":98},[53,117736,1907],{"class":67},[14,117738,328],{},[44,117740,117741],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,117742,117743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117744,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117746,338],{"class":67},[53,117748,72],{"class":71},[53,117750,75],{"class":67},[53,117752,78],{"class":71},[53,117754,75],{"class":67},[53,117756,83],{"class":71},[53,117758,86],{"class":67},[830,117760,117761],{"id":48816},"Tuple",[44,117763,117765],{"className":46,"code":117764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117766,117767,117787,117801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117768,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117770,3702],{"class":59},[53,117772,64],{"class":63},[53,117774,9103],{"class":67},[53,117776,754],{"class":71},[53,117778,75],{"class":67},[53,117780,5371],{"class":71},[53,117782,75],{"class":67},[53,117784,78],{"class":71},[53,117786,108],{"class":67},[53,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117790,115],{"class":114},[53,117792,102],{"class":67},[53,117794,74241],{"class":114},[53,117796,102],{"class":67},[53,117798,5233],{"class":98},[53,117800,1907],{"class":67},[53,117802,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,117804,115],{"class":114},[53,117806,102],{"class":67},[53,117808,3102],{"class":2782},[53,117810,102],{"class":67},[53,117812,74241],{"class":114},[53,117814,102],{"class":67},[53,117816,5233],{"class":98},[53,117818,2793],{"class":67},[14,117820,328],{},[44,117822,117824],{"className":46,"code":117823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,117825,117826,117842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117827,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117829,338],{"class":67},[53,117831,72],{"class":71},[53,117833,75],{"class":67},[53,117835,78],{"class":71},[53,117837,75],{"class":67},[53,117839,83],{"class":71},[53,117841,86],{"class":67},[53,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117845,3171],{"class":63},[53,117847,3174],{"class":1945},[53,117849,350],{"class":252},[53,117851,7961],{"class":256},[53,117853,341],{"class":252},[53,117855,3183],{"class":63},[830,117857,117858],{"id":6159},"Set",[44,117860,117862],{"className":46,"code":117861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,117863,117864,117884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117865,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117867,3702],{"class":59},[53,117869,64],{"class":63},[53,117871,679],{"class":67},[53,117873,754],{"class":71},[53,117875,75],{"class":67},[53,117877,5371],{"class":71},[53,117879,75],{"class":67},[53,117881,78],{"class":71},[53,117883,9176],{"class":67},[53,117885,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117887,115],{"class":114},[53,117889,102],{"class":67},[53,117891,74241],{"class":114},[53,117893,102],{"class":67},[53,117895,5233],{"class":98},[53,117897,1907],{"class":67},[14,117899,328],{},[44,117901,117902],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,117903,117904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117905,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117907,338],{"class":67},[53,117909,72],{"class":71},[53,117911,75],{"class":67},[53,117913,78],{"class":71},[53,117915,75],{"class":67},[53,117917,83],{"class":71},[53,117919,86],{"class":67},[830,117921,117922],{"id":60900},"String",[44,117924,117926],{"className":46,"code":117925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,117927,117928,117940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117929,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117931,34551],{"class":59},[53,117933,64],{"class":63},[53,117935,264],{"class":252},[53,117937,48],{"class":256},[53,117939,3239],{"class":252},[53,117941,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,117943,115],{"class":114},[53,117945,102],{"class":67},[53,117947,74241],{"class":114},[53,117949,102],{"class":67},[53,117951,34572],{"class":98},[53,117953,1907],{"class":67},[14,117955,328],{},[44,117957,117958],{"className":46,"code":79121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,117959,117960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117961,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117963,338],{"class":67},[53,117965,341],{"class":252},[53,117967,60164],{"class":256},[53,117969,341],{"class":252},[53,117971,75],{"class":67},[53,117973,350],{"class":252},[53,117975,75757],{"class":256},[53,117977,341],{"class":252},[53,117979,75],{"class":67},[53,117981,350],{"class":252},[53,117983,60199],{"class":256},[53,117985,341],{"class":252},[53,117987,75],{"class":67},[53,117989,350],{"class":252},[53,117991,14],{"class":256},[53,117993,341],{"class":252},[53,117995,75],{"class":67},[53,117997,350],{"class":252},[53,117999,63013],{"class":256},[53,118001,341],{"class":252},[53,118003,75],{"class":67},[53,118005,350],{"class":252},[53,118007,11613],{"class":256},[53,118009,341],{"class":252},[53,118011,86],{"class":67},[830,118013,29089],{"id":15468},[14,118015,63266,118016,118018],{},[18,118017,74151],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[44,118020,118022],{"className":46,"code":118021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118023,118024,118076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118025,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118027,13069],{"class":59},[53,118029,64],{"class":63},[53,118031,679],{"class":67},[53,118033,253],{"class":252},[53,118035,592],{"class":256},[53,118037,253],{"class":252},[53,118039,597],{"class":67},[53,118041,264],{"class":252},[53,118043,12747],{"class":256},[53,118045,253],{"class":252},[53,118047,75],{"class":67},[53,118049,264],{"class":252},[53,118051,9166],{"class":256},[53,118053,253],{"class":252},[53,118055,597],{"class":67},[53,118057,7658],{"class":71},[53,118059,75],{"class":67},[53,118061,264],{"class":252},[53,118063,10276],{"class":256},[53,118065,253],{"class":252},[53,118067,597],{"class":67},[53,118069,264],{"class":252},[53,118071,15895],{"class":256},[53,118073,253],{"class":252},[53,118075,9176],{"class":67},[53,118077,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118079,115],{"class":114},[53,118081,102],{"class":67},[53,118083,74241],{"class":114},[53,118085,102],{"class":67},[53,118087,17172],{"class":98},[53,118089,1907],{"class":67},[14,118091,328],{},[44,118093,118095],{"className":46,"code":118094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118096,118097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118100,338],{"class":67},[53,118102,341],{"class":252},[53,118104,9166],{"class":256},[53,118106,341],{"class":252},[53,118108,75],{"class":67},[53,118110,350],{"class":252},[53,118112,10276],{"class":256},[53,118114,341],{"class":252},[53,118116,75],{"class":67},[53,118118,350],{"class":252},[53,118120,592],{"class":256},[53,118122,341],{"class":252},[53,118124,86],{"class":67},[39,118126,833,118128],{"id":118127},"using-reversetrue",[18,118129,77818],{},[14,118131,131,118132,118134],{},[18,118133,77818],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[44,118136,118138],{"className":46,"code":118137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118139,118140,118160,118164,118178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118141,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118143,60],{"class":59},[53,118145,64],{"class":63},[53,118147,68],{"class":67},[53,118149,754],{"class":71},[53,118151,75],{"class":67},[53,118153,5371],{"class":71},[53,118155,75],{"class":67},[53,118157,78],{"class":71},[53,118159,86],{"class":67},[53,118161,118162],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118163,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,118165,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,118167,115],{"class":114},[53,118169,102],{"class":67},[53,118171,74241],{"class":114},[53,118173,102],{"class":67},[53,118175,92],{"class":98},[53,118177,1907],{"class":67},[53,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,118181,115],{"class":114},[53,118183,102],{"class":67},[53,118185,74241],{"class":114},[53,118187,102],{"class":67},[53,118189,92],{"class":98},[53,118191,75],{"class":67},[53,118193,77797],{"class":9043},[53,118195,64],{"class":63},[53,118197,573],{"class":369},[53,118199,1907],{"class":67},[14,118201,328],{},[44,118203,118205],{"className":46,"code":118204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118206,118207,118223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118208,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118210,338],{"class":67},[53,118212,72],{"class":71},[53,118214,75],{"class":67},[53,118216,78],{"class":71},[53,118218,75],{"class":67},[53,118220,83],{"class":71},[53,118222,86],{"class":67},[53,118224,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118226,338],{"class":67},[53,118228,754],{"class":71},[53,118230,75],{"class":67},[53,118232,78],{"class":71},[53,118234,75],{"class":67},[53,118236,5371],{"class":71},[53,118238,86],{"class":67},[14,118240,118241],{},"This also works with strings:",[44,118243,118245],{"className":46,"code":118244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118246,118247,118279,118283,118297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118248,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118250,3946],{"class":59},[53,118252,64],{"class":63},[53,118254,68],{"class":67},[53,118256,253],{"class":252},[53,118258,257],{"class":256},[53,118260,253],{"class":252},[53,118262,75],{"class":67},[53,118264,264],{"class":252},[53,118266,267],{"class":256},[53,118268,253],{"class":252},[53,118270,75],{"class":67},[53,118272,264],{"class":252},[53,118274,3971],{"class":256},[53,118276,253],{"class":252},[53,118278,86],{"class":67},[53,118280,118281],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118282,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,118284,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,118286,115],{"class":114},[53,118288,102],{"class":67},[53,118290,74241],{"class":114},[53,118292,102],{"class":67},[53,118294,3988],{"class":98},[53,118296,1907],{"class":67},[53,118298,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,118300,115],{"class":114},[53,118302,102],{"class":67},[53,118304,74241],{"class":114},[53,118306,102],{"class":67},[53,118308,3988],{"class":98},[53,118310,75],{"class":67},[53,118312,77797],{"class":9043},[53,118314,64],{"class":63},[53,118316,573],{"class":369},[53,118318,1907],{"class":67},[14,118320,328],{},[44,118322,118323],{"className":46,"code":73885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,118324,118325,118353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118326,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118328,338],{"class":67},[53,118330,341],{"class":252},[53,118332,257],{"class":256},[53,118334,341],{"class":252},[53,118336,75],{"class":67},[53,118338,350],{"class":252},[53,118340,267],{"class":256},[53,118342,341],{"class":252},[53,118344,75],{"class":67},[53,118346,350],{"class":252},[53,118348,3971],{"class":256},[53,118350,341],{"class":252},[53,118352,86],{"class":67},[53,118354,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118356,338],{"class":67},[53,118358,341],{"class":252},[53,118360,3971],{"class":256},[53,118362,341],{"class":252},[53,118364,75],{"class":67},[53,118366,350],{"class":252},[53,118368,267],{"class":256},[53,118370,341],{"class":252},[53,118372,75],{"class":67},[53,118374,350],{"class":252},[53,118376,257],{"class":256},[53,118378,341],{"class":252},[53,118380,86],{"class":67},[39,118382,833,118384,118387],{"id":118383},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118385,118386],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118389,16,118390,118392],{},[18,118391,118386],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118394,118395],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118397,118398],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[44,118400,118402],{"className":46,"code":118401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118403,118404,118444,118448,118470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118405,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118407,3946],{"class":59},[53,118409,64],{"class":63},[53,118411,68],{"class":67},[53,118413,253],{"class":252},[53,118415,78471],{"class":256},[53,118417,253],{"class":252},[53,118419,75],{"class":67},[53,118421,264],{"class":252},[53,118423,38221],{"class":256},[53,118425,253],{"class":252},[53,118427,75],{"class":67},[53,118429,264],{"class":252},[53,118431,267],{"class":256},[53,118433,253],{"class":252},[53,118435,75],{"class":67},[53,118437,264],{"class":252},[53,118439,38204],{"class":256},[53,118441,253],{"class":252},[53,118443,86],{"class":67},[53,118445,118446],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118447,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,118449,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,118451,276],{"class":59},[53,118453,64],{"class":63},[53,118455,74285],{"class":114},[53,118457,102],{"class":67},[53,118459,3988],{"class":98},[53,118461,75],{"class":67},[53,118463,21444],{"class":9043},[53,118465,64],{"class":63},[53,118467,11029],{"class":114},[53,118469,108],{"class":67},[53,118471,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,118473,115],{"class":114},[53,118475,102],{"class":67},[53,118477,323],{"class":98},[53,118479,108],{"class":67},[14,118481,328],{},[44,118483,118485],{"className":46,"code":118484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118486,118487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118488,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118490,338],{"class":67},[53,118492,341],{"class":252},[53,118494,38221],{"class":256},[53,118496,341],{"class":252},[53,118498,75],{"class":67},[53,118500,350],{"class":252},[53,118502,78471],{"class":256},[53,118504,341],{"class":252},[53,118506,75],{"class":67},[53,118508,350],{"class":252},[53,118510,38204],{"class":256},[53,118512,341],{"class":252},[53,118514,75],{"class":67},[53,118516,350],{"class":252},[53,118518,267],{"class":256},[53,118520,341],{"class":252},[53,118522,86],{"class":67},[14,118524,20635,118525,118527],{},[18,118526,11029],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118529,118530],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[44,118532,118534],{"className":46,"code":118533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118535,118536,118569,118573,118599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118537,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118565,118567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118539,3946],{"class":59},[53,118541,64],{"class":63},[53,118543,68],{"class":67},[53,118545,253],{"class":252},[53,118547,83090],{"class":256},[53,118549,253],{"class":252},[53,118551,75],{"class":67},[53,118553,264],{"class":252},[53,118555,257],{"class":256},[53,118557,253],{"class":252},[53,118559,75],{"class":67},[53,118561,264],{"class":252},[53,118563,118564],{"class":256},"Cherry",[53,118566,253],{"class":252},[53,118568,86],{"class":67},[53,118570,118571],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118572,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,118574,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,118576,276],{"class":59},[53,118578,64],{"class":63},[53,118580,74285],{"class":114},[53,118582,102],{"class":67},[53,118584,3988],{"class":98},[53,118586,75],{"class":67},[53,118588,21444],{"class":9043},[53,118590,64],{"class":63},[53,118592,3324],{"class":2782},[53,118594,95],{"class":67},[53,118596,8507],{"class":24615},[53,118598,108],{"class":67},[53,118600,118601,118603,118605,118607],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,118602,115],{"class":114},[53,118604,102],{"class":67},[53,118606,323],{"class":98},[53,118608,108],{"class":67},[14,118610,328],{},[44,118612,118614],{"className":46,"code":118613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118615,118616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118617,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118619,338],{"class":67},[53,118621,341],{"class":252},[53,118623,257],{"class":256},[53,118625,341],{"class":252},[53,118627,75],{"class":67},[53,118629,350],{"class":252},[53,118631,83090],{"class":256},[53,118633,341],{"class":252},[53,118635,75],{"class":67},[53,118637,350],{"class":252},[53,118639,118564],{"class":256},[53,118641,341],{"class":252},[53,118643,86],{"class":67},[14,118645,118646,118647,35194,118649,95],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118648,42223],{},[183,118650,3457,118651,3390],{"href":42220},[18,118652,42223],{},[39,118654,118656,10452,118658],{"id":118655},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118657,74151],{},[18,118659,77594],{},[14,118661,118662],{},"The main difference is this:",[140,118664,118665,118670],{},[143,118666,118667,118669],{},[18,118668,74151],{}," returns a new list",[143,118671,118672,73689],{},[18,118673,77594],{},[14,118675,118676],{},"Also:",[140,118678,118679,118684],{},[143,118680,118681,118683],{},[18,118682,74151],{}," works with many iterables",[143,118685,118686,79027],{},[18,118687,77594],{},[14,118689,131,118690,10468],{},[18,118691,74151],{},[140,118693,118694,118697],{},[143,118695,118696],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[143,118698,118699],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118701,118702,118703,95],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[183,118704,3457,118705,10452,118707,5656],{"href":78852},[18,118706,74151],{},[18,118708,77594],{},[39,118710,118712],{"id":118711},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118714,118715,118716,95],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118717,74151],{},[830,118719,118721],{"id":118720},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118723,118724,118725,597],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118726,2885],{},[44,118728,118730],{"className":46,"code":118729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118731,118732,118756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118733,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118735,3702],{"class":59},[53,118737,64],{"class":63},[53,118739,68],{"class":67},[53,118741,72],{"class":71},[53,118743,75],{"class":67},[53,118745,264],{"class":252},[53,118747,1937],{"class":256},[53,118749,253],{"class":252},[53,118751,75],{"class":67},[53,118753,83],{"class":71},[53,118755,86],{"class":67},[53,118757,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118759,115],{"class":114},[53,118761,102],{"class":67},[53,118763,74241],{"class":114},[53,118765,102],{"class":67},[53,118767,5233],{"class":98},[53,118769,1907],{"class":67},[14,118771,118772],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[830,118774,118776,118777,2182],{"id":118775},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118778,14704],{},[14,118780,118781],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118783,235],{},[44,118785,118787],{"className":46,"code":118786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,118788,118789,118809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118790,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118792,60],{"class":59},[53,118794,64],{"class":63},[53,118796,68],{"class":67},[53,118798,539],{"class":71},[53,118800,75],{"class":67},[53,118802,78],{"class":71},[53,118804,75],{"class":67},[53,118806,7663],{"class":71},[53,118808,86],{"class":67},[53,118810,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118812,115],{"class":114},[53,118814,102],{"class":67},[53,118816,74241],{"class":114},[53,118818,102],{"class":67},[53,118820,92],{"class":98},[53,118822,75],{"class":67},[53,118824,21444],{"class":9043},[53,118826,64],{"class":63},[53,118828,11029],{"class":114},[53,118830,1907],{"class":67},[14,118832,48373,118833,118835],{},[18,118834,42223],{}," does not work on integers.",[830,118837,118839],{"id":118838},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118841,118842],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,118844,118846],{"className":46,"code":118845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118847,118848,118868,118878,118882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118851,60],{"class":59},[53,118853,64],{"class":63},[53,118855,68],{"class":67},[53,118857,754],{"class":71},[53,118859,75],{"class":67},[53,118861,5371],{"class":71},[53,118863,75],{"class":67},[53,118865,78],{"class":71},[53,118867,86],{"class":67},[53,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118871,74241],{"class":114},[53,118873,102],{"class":67},[53,118875,92],{"class":98},[53,118877,108],{"class":67},[53,118879,118880],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,118881,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,118883,118884,118886,118888,118890],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,118885,115],{"class":114},[53,118887,102],{"class":67},[53,118889,92],{"class":98},[53,118891,108],{"class":67},[14,118893,328],{},[44,118895,118897],{"className":46,"code":118896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,118898,118899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118900,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118902,338],{"class":67},[53,118904,754],{"class":71},[53,118906,75],{"class":67},[53,118908,5371],{"class":71},[53,118910,75],{"class":67},[53,118912,78],{"class":71},[53,118914,86],{"class":67},[14,118916,118917],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[39,118919,2709],{"id":2708},[140,118921,118922,118926,118929,118934,118938],{},[143,118923,4454,118924,73689],{},[18,118925,74151],{},[143,118927,118928],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[143,118930,4578,118931,118933],{},[18,118932,74151],{}," always returns a list",[143,118935,833,118936,22969],{},[18,118937,118386],{},[143,118939,29516,118940,118942,118943],{},[18,118941,64038],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,118944,74151],{},[14,118946,118947],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[44,118949,118951],{"className":46,"code":118950,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,118952,118953,118975,119001,119039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118954,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118956,115],{"class":114},[53,118958,102],{"class":67},[53,118960,74241],{"class":114},[53,118962,619],{"class":67},[53,118964,754],{"class":71},[53,118966,75],{"class":67},[53,118968,5371],{"class":71},[53,118970,75],{"class":67},[53,118972,78],{"class":71},[53,118974,2879],{"class":67},[53,118976,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,118978,115],{"class":114},[53,118980,102],{"class":67},[53,118982,3102],{"class":2782},[53,118984,102],{"class":67},[53,118986,74241],{"class":114},[53,118988,5384],{"class":67},[53,118990,754],{"class":71},[53,118992,75],{"class":67},[53,118994,5371],{"class":71},[53,118996,75],{"class":67},[53,118998,78],{"class":71},[53,119000,93094],{"class":67},[53,119002,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119004,115],{"class":114},[53,119006,102],{"class":67},[53,119008,74241],{"class":114},[53,119010,619],{"class":67},[53,119012,341],{"class":252},[53,119014,83090],{"class":256},[53,119016,341],{"class":252},[53,119018,75],{"class":67},[53,119020,350],{"class":252},[53,119022,257],{"class":256},[53,119024,341],{"class":252},[53,119026,17926],{"class":67},[53,119028,21444],{"class":9043},[53,119030,64],{"class":63},[53,119032,3324],{"class":2782},[53,119034,95],{"class":67},[53,119036,8507],{"class":24615},[53,119038,1907],{"class":67},[53,119040,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119042,115],{"class":114},[53,119044,102],{"class":67},[53,119046,74241],{"class":114},[53,119048,619],{"class":67},[53,119050,754],{"class":71},[53,119052,75],{"class":67},[53,119054,5371],{"class":71},[53,119056,75],{"class":67},[53,119058,78],{"class":71},[53,119060,17926],{"class":67},[53,119062,77797],{"class":9043},[53,119064,64],{"class":63},[53,119066,573],{"class":369},[53,119068,1907],{"class":67},[14,119070,119071,119072,95],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[183,119073,186],{"href":185},[39,119075,1650],{"id":1649},[830,119077,12570,119079,56888],{"id":119078},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119080,74151],{},[14,119082,119083],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[830,119085,5017,119087,12582],{"id":119086},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119088,74151],{},[14,119090,119091],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[830,119093,119095,119096,10959,119098,2370],{"id":119094},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119097,74151],{},[18,119099,77594],{},[14,119101,131,119102,119104],{},[18,119103,74151],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[830,119106,5017,119108,86178,119110,2370],{"id":119107},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119109,118386],{},[18,119111,74151],{},[14,119113,119114],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[830,119116,5033,119118,119120,119121,2370],{"id":119117},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119119,74151],{}," give a ",[18,119122,2885],{},[14,119124,119125],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[39,119127,1782],{"id":1781},[140,119129,119130,119134,119142,119146,119152,119158],{},[143,119131,119132],{},[183,119133,79600],{"href":78103},[143,119135,119136],{},[183,119137,3457,119138,10452,119140,5656],{"href":78852},[18,119139,74151],{},[18,119141,77594],{},[143,119143,119144],{},[183,119145,186],{"href":185},[143,119147,119148],{},[183,119149,3457,119150,3390],{"href":42220},[18,119151,42223],{},[143,119153,119154],{},[183,119155,3457,119156,3390],{"href":91750},[18,119157,35614],{},[143,119159,119160],{},[183,119161,3457,119162,3390],{"href":36059},[18,119163,36062],{},[1810,119165,119166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":119168},[119169,119170,119172,119175,119176,119183,119185,119187,119189,119195,119196,119208],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":117449,"depth":89,"text":119171},"What sorted() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":119173},[119174],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":117688,"depth":89,"text":117689,"children":119177},[119178,119179,119180,119181,119182],{"id":7961,"depth":111,"text":117697},{"id":48816,"depth":111,"text":117761},{"id":6159,"depth":111,"text":117858},{"id":60900,"depth":111,"text":117922},{"id":15468,"depth":111,"text":29089},{"id":118127,"depth":89,"text":119184},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118383,"depth":89,"text":119186},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118655,"depth":89,"text":119188},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118711,"depth":89,"text":118712,"children":119190},[119191,119192,119194],{"id":118720,"depth":111,"text":118721},{"id":118775,"depth":111,"text":119193},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118838,"depth":111,"text":118839},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":119197},[119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"id":119078,"depth":111,"text":119199},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119086,"depth":111,"text":119201},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119094,"depth":111,"text":119203},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119107,"depth":111,"text":119205},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119117,"depth":111,"text":119207},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117351,"description":119209},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119216,"title":119217,"body":119218,"description":121329,"extension":1841,"meta":121330,"navigation":301,"path":78852,"seo":121331,"stem":121332,"__hash__":121333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119219,"toc":121276},[119220,119227,119230,119240,119246,119249,119267,119275,119277,119336,119344,119348,119370,119374,119378,119380,119397,119399,119411,119417,119501,119505,119552,119558,119565,119569,119574,119576,119588,119593,119646,119650,119670,119677,119684,119688,119691,119710,119714,119828,119832,119902,119904,119916,119921,119925,119938,119942,120017,120021,120060,120067,120073,120078,120082,120096,120100,120165,120169,120202,120205,120210,120218,120225,120238,120241,120245,120328,120332,120369,120373,120476,120480,120541,120546,120553,120557,120560,120566,120569,120636,120640,120664,120666,120684,120691,120744,120748,120768,120774,120776,120833,120840,120866,120871,120876,120884,120890,120950,120954,121001,121004,121006,121009,121035,121038,121131,121133,121153,121157,121160,121178,121184,121186,121194,121199,121206,121209,121215,121218,121224,121232,121240,121245,121247,121273],[10,119221,3457,119223,10452,119225,92808],{"id":119222},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119224,74151],{},[18,119226,77594],{},[14,119228,119229],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[140,119231,119232,119236],{},[143,119233,119234],{},[18,119235,74151],{},[143,119237,119238],{},[18,119239,77594],{},[14,119241,119242,119243,119245],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[23,119244,36],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119247,119248],{},"The main difference is simple:",[140,119250,119251,119259],{},[143,119252,131,119253,119255,119256],{},[18,119254,74151],{}," when you want a ",[23,119257,119258],{},"new sorted result",[143,119260,131,119261,119263,119264],{},[18,119262,77594],{}," when you want to ",[23,119265,119266],{},"change the original list",[14,119268,119269,119270,1129,119272,119274],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119271,77594],{},[18,119273,232],{}," and causes confusion.",[39,119276,42],{"id":41},[44,119278,119280],{"className":46,"code":119279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119281,119282,119302,119306,119323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119283,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119285,60],{"class":59},[53,119287,64],{"class":63},[53,119289,68],{"class":67},[53,119291,754],{"class":71},[53,119293,75],{"class":67},[53,119295,5371],{"class":71},[53,119297,75],{"class":67},[53,119299,78],{"class":71},[53,119301,86],{"class":67},[53,119303,119304],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119305,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119307,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119309,55614],{"class":59},[53,119311,64],{"class":63},[53,119313,74285],{"class":114},[53,119315,102],{"class":67},[53,119317,92],{"class":98},[53,119319,3539],{"class":67},[53,119321,119322],{"class":127},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[53,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119326,92],{"class":59},[53,119328,95],{"class":67},[53,119330,34663],{"class":98},[53,119332,7235],{"class":67},[53,119334,119335],{"class":127},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119337,131,119338,119340,119341,119343],{},[18,119339,74151],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119342,77594],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[39,119345,119347],{"id":119346},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[140,119349,119350,119355,119360,119367],{},[143,119351,131,119352,119354],{},[18,119353,74151],{}," to get a new sorted list",[143,119356,131,119357,119359],{},[18,119358,77594],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[143,119361,119362,119363,1129,119365],{},"Understand why ",[18,119364,77594],{},[18,119366,232],{},[143,119368,119369],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[39,119371,3556,119372,3559],{"id":117449},[18,119373,74151],{},[14,119375,119376,62652],{},[18,119377,74151],{},[14,119379,48790],{},[140,119381,119382,119388,119394],{},[143,119383,119384,119385],{},"returns a ",[23,119386,119387],{},"new list",[143,119389,119390,119391,119393],{},"does ",[23,119392,36],{}," change the original data",[143,119395,119396],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119398,50996],{},[140,119400,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409],{},[143,119402,172],{},[143,119404,5178],{},[143,119406,166],{},[143,119408,5181],{},[143,119410,35775],{},[830,119412,34942,119414,119416],{"id":119413},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119415,74151],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[44,119418,119420],{"className":46,"code":119419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119421,119422,119442,119446,119460,119464,119482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119423,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119425,60],{"class":59},[53,119427,64],{"class":63},[53,119429,68],{"class":67},[53,119431,754],{"class":71},[53,119433,75],{"class":67},[53,119435,5371],{"class":71},[53,119437,75],{"class":67},[53,119439,78],{"class":71},[53,119441,86],{"class":67},[53,119443,119444],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119445,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119447,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119449,276],{"class":59},[53,119451,64],{"class":63},[53,119453,74285],{"class":114},[53,119455,102],{"class":67},[53,119457,92],{"class":98},[53,119459,108],{"class":67},[53,119461,119462],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119463,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119465,119466,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,119467,115],{"class":114},[53,119469,102],{"class":67},[53,119471,253],{"class":252},[53,119473,12019],{"class":256},[53,119475,253],{"class":252},[53,119477,75],{"class":67},[53,119479,4138],{"class":98},[53,119481,108],{"class":67},[53,119483,119484,119486,119488,119490,119493,119495,119497,119499],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,119485,115],{"class":114},[53,119487,102],{"class":67},[53,119489,253],{"class":252},[53,119491,119492],{"class":256},"sorted result:",[53,119494,253],{"class":252},[53,119496,75],{"class":67},[53,119498,80944],{"class":98},[53,119500,108],{"class":67},[14,119502,119503],{},[23,119504,328],{},[44,119506,119508],{"className":46,"code":119507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119509,119510,119530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119511,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119513,11998],{"class":59},[53,119515,597],{"class":67},[53,119517,68],{"class":67},[53,119519,754],{"class":71},[53,119521,75],{"class":67},[53,119523,5371],{"class":71},[53,119525,75],{"class":67},[53,119527,78],{"class":71},[53,119529,86],{"class":67},[53,119531,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119533,74241],{"class":114},[53,119535,80944],{"class":59},[53,119537,597],{"class":67},[53,119539,68],{"class":67},[53,119541,72],{"class":71},[53,119543,75],{"class":67},[53,119545,78],{"class":71},[53,119547,75],{"class":67},[53,119549,83],{"class":71},[53,119551,86],{"class":67},[14,119553,119554,119555,119557],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119556,92],{}," stays the same.",[14,119559,119560,119561,95],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[183,119562,3457,119563,3390],{"href":74248},[18,119564,74151],{},[39,119566,3556,119567,3559],{"id":77660},[18,119568,77594],{},[14,119570,119571,119573],{},[18,119572,64038],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119575,48790],{},[140,119577,119578,119581,119584],{},[143,119579,119580],{},"changes the original list directly",[143,119582,119583],{},"only works on lists",[143,119585,3571,119586],{},[18,119587,232],{},[830,119589,34942,119591,73689],{"id":119590},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119592,77594],{},[44,119594,119596],{"className":46,"code":119595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119597,119598,119618,119622,119632,119636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119599,119600,119602,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119601,60],{"class":59},[53,119603,64],{"class":63},[53,119605,68],{"class":67},[53,119607,754],{"class":71},[53,119609,75],{"class":67},[53,119611,5371],{"class":71},[53,119613,75],{"class":67},[53,119615,78],{"class":71},[53,119617,86],{"class":67},[53,119619,119620],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119621,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119625,92],{"class":59},[53,119627,95],{"class":67},[53,119629,34663],{"class":98},[53,119631,8510],{"class":67},[53,119633,119634],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119635,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119637,119638,119640,119642,119644],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,119639,115],{"class":114},[53,119641,102],{"class":67},[53,119643,92],{"class":98},[53,119645,108],{"class":67},[14,119647,119648],{},[23,119649,328],{},[44,119651,119652],{"className":46,"code":54874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,119653,119654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119655,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119657,338],{"class":67},[53,119659,72],{"class":71},[53,119661,75],{"class":67},[53,119663,78],{"class":71},[53,119665,75],{"class":67},[53,119667,83],{"class":71},[53,119669,86],{"class":67},[14,119671,119672,119673,119676],{},"After calling ",[18,119674,119675],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119678,119679,119680,95],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[183,119681,3457,119682,10608],{"href":74502},[18,119683,77594],{},[39,119685,119687],{"id":119686},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119689,119690],{},"Here is the core difference:",[140,119692,119693,119702],{},[143,119694,119695,119698,119699],{},[18,119696,119697],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[23,119700,119701],{},"new sorted list",[143,119703,119704,119707,119708,74059],{},[18,119705,119706],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119709,203],{},[830,119711,119713],{"id":119712},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[44,119715,119717],{"className":46,"code":119716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119718,119719,119739,119743,119757,119776,119795,119799,119809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119722,60],{"class":59},[53,119724,64],{"class":63},[53,119726,68],{"class":67},[53,119728,2017],{"class":71},[53,119730,75],{"class":67},[53,119732,78],{"class":71},[53,119734,75],{"class":67},[53,119736,759],{"class":71},[53,119738,86],{"class":67},[53,119740,119741],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119742,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119744,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119746,2432],{"class":59},[53,119748,64],{"class":63},[53,119750,74285],{"class":114},[53,119752,102],{"class":67},[53,119754,92],{"class":98},[53,119756,108],{"class":67},[53,119758,119759,119761,119763,119765,119768,119770,119772,119774],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119760,115],{"class":114},[53,119762,102],{"class":67},[53,119764,253],{"class":252},[53,119766,119767],{"class":256},"numbers after sorted():",[53,119769,253],{"class":252},[53,119771,75],{"class":67},[53,119773,4138],{"class":98},[53,119775,108],{"class":67},[53,119777,119778,119780,119782,119784,119787,119789,119791,119793],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,119779,115],{"class":114},[53,119781,102],{"class":67},[53,119783,253],{"class":252},[53,119785,119786],{"class":256},"a:",[53,119788,253],{"class":252},[53,119790,75],{"class":67},[53,119792,56612],{"class":98},[53,119794,108],{"class":67},[53,119796,119797],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,119798,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119800,119801,119803,119805,119807],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,119802,92],{"class":59},[53,119804,95],{"class":67},[53,119806,34663],{"class":98},[53,119808,8510],{"class":67},[53,119810,119811,119813,119815,119817,119820,119822,119824,119826],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,119812,115],{"class":114},[53,119814,102],{"class":67},[53,119816,253],{"class":252},[53,119818,119819],{"class":256},"numbers after sort():",[53,119821,253],{"class":252},[53,119823,75],{"class":67},[53,119825,4138],{"class":98},[53,119827,108],{"class":67},[14,119829,119830],{},[23,119831,328],{},[44,119833,119835],{"className":46,"code":119834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,119836,119837,119860,119880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119838,119839,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119840,119841],{"class":59},"numbers after ",[53,119843,74241],{"class":114},[53,119845,29450],{"class":67},[53,119847,68],{"class":67},[53,119849,2017],{"class":71},[53,119851,75],{"class":67},[53,119853,78],{"class":71},[53,119855,75],{"class":67},[53,119857,759],{"class":71},[53,119859,86],{"class":67},[53,119861,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119863,183],{"class":59},[53,119865,597],{"class":67},[53,119867,68],{"class":67},[53,119869,1937],{"class":71},[53,119871,75],{"class":67},[53,119873,759],{"class":71},[53,119875,75],{"class":67},[53,119877,1577],{"class":71},[53,119879,86],{"class":67},[53,119881,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119883,119841],{"class":59},[53,119885,34663],{"class":98},[53,119887,29450],{"class":67},[53,119889,68],{"class":67},[53,119891,1937],{"class":71},[53,119893,75],{"class":67},[53,119895,759],{"class":71},[53,119897,75],{"class":67},[53,119899,1577],{"class":71},[53,119901,86],{"class":67},[14,119903,10580],{},[140,119905,119906,119911],{},[143,119907,119908,119910],{},[18,119909,74151],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[143,119912,119913,119915],{},[18,119914,64038],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[39,119917,4835,119919],{"id":119918},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,119920,74151],{},[14,119922,131,119923,10468],{},[18,119924,74151],{},[140,119926,119927,119930,119932,119935],{},[143,119928,119929],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[143,119931,118699],{},[143,119933,119934],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[143,119936,119937],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[830,119939,119941],{"id":119940},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[44,119943,119945],{"className":46,"code":119944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,119946,119947,119971,119975,119989,119993,120003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119948,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965,119967,119969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119950,60],{"class":59},[53,119952,64],{"class":63},[53,119954,9103],{"class":67},[53,119956,105],{"class":71},[53,119958,75],{"class":67},[53,119960,5371],{"class":71},[53,119962,75],{"class":67},[53,119964,83],{"class":71},[53,119966,75],{"class":67},[53,119968,78],{"class":71},[53,119970,108],{"class":67},[53,119972,119973],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,119974,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119976,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,119978,276],{"class":59},[53,119980,64],{"class":63},[53,119982,74285],{"class":114},[53,119984,102],{"class":67},[53,119986,92],{"class":98},[53,119988,108],{"class":67},[53,119990,119991],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,119992,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,119994,119995,119997,119999,120001],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,119996,115],{"class":114},[53,119998,102],{"class":67},[53,120000,323],{"class":98},[53,120002,108],{"class":67},[53,120004,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,120006,115],{"class":114},[53,120008,102],{"class":67},[53,120010,3102],{"class":2782},[53,120012,102],{"class":67},[53,120014,323],{"class":98},[53,120016,1907],{"class":67},[14,120018,120019],{},[23,120020,328],{},[44,120022,120024],{"className":46,"code":120023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120025,120026,120046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120027,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120029,338],{"class":67},[53,120031,72],{"class":71},[53,120033,75],{"class":67},[53,120035,78],{"class":71},[53,120037,75],{"class":67},[53,120039,83],{"class":71},[53,120041,75],{"class":67},[53,120043,759],{"class":71},[53,120045,86],{"class":67},[53,120047,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120049,3171],{"class":63},[53,120051,3174],{"class":1945},[53,120053,350],{"class":252},[53,120055,7961],{"class":256},[53,120057,341],{"class":252},[53,120059,3183],{"class":63},[14,120061,807,120062,120064,120065,95],{},[18,120063,74151],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[23,120066,7961],{},[14,120068,120069,120070,120072],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[183,120071,186],{"href":185}," is a helpful next step.",[39,120074,4835,120076],{"id":120075},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120077,77594],{},[14,120079,131,120080,10468],{},[18,120081,77594],{},[140,120083,120084,120087,120090,120093],{},[143,120085,120086],{},"you already have a list",[143,120088,120089],{},"you want to update that list directly",[143,120091,120092],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[143,120094,120095],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[830,120097,120099],{"id":120098},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[44,120101,120103],{"className":46,"code":120102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120104,120105,120137,120141,120151,120155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120106,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120108,4869],{"class":59},[53,120110,64],{"class":63},[53,120112,68],{"class":67},[53,120114,253],{"class":252},[53,120116,4896],{"class":256},[53,120118,253],{"class":252},[53,120120,75],{"class":67},[53,120122,264],{"class":252},[53,120124,4878],{"class":256},[53,120126,253],{"class":252},[53,120128,75],{"class":67},[53,120130,264],{"class":252},[53,120132,4887],{"class":256},[53,120134,253],{"class":252},[53,120136,86],{"class":67},[53,120138,120139],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120140,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120144,4913],{"class":59},[53,120146,95],{"class":67},[53,120148,34663],{"class":98},[53,120150,8510],{"class":67},[53,120152,120153],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120154,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120158,115],{"class":114},[53,120160,102],{"class":67},[53,120162,4913],{"class":98},[53,120164,108],{"class":67},[14,120166,120167],{},[23,120168,328],{},[44,120170,120172],{"className":46,"code":120171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120173,120174],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120175,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120177,338],{"class":67},[53,120179,341],{"class":252},[53,120181,4878],{"class":256},[53,120183,341],{"class":252},[53,120185,75],{"class":67},[53,120187,350],{"class":252},[53,120189,4887],{"class":256},[53,120191,341],{"class":252},[53,120193,75],{"class":67},[53,120195,350],{"class":252},[53,120197,4896],{"class":256},[53,120199,341],{"class":252},[53,120201,86],{"class":67},[14,120203,120204],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120206,120207,120208,95],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[183,120209,79600],{"href":78103},[39,120211,120213,4269,120215,120217],{"id":120212},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120214,73304],{},[18,120216,14704],{}," work with both",[14,120219,10457,120220,4269,120222,120224],{},[18,120221,74151],{},[18,120223,77594],{}," support:",[140,120226,120227,120232],{},[143,120228,120229,120231],{},[18,120230,77818],{}," for descending order",[143,120233,120234,120237],{},[18,120235,120236],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120239,120240],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[830,120242,120244],{"id":120243},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[44,120246,120248],{"className":46,"code":120247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120249,120250,120270,120274,120296,120300,120318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120251,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120253,60],{"class":59},[53,120255,64],{"class":63},[53,120257,68],{"class":67},[53,120259,754],{"class":71},[53,120261,75],{"class":67},[53,120263,5371],{"class":71},[53,120265,75],{"class":67},[53,120267,78],{"class":71},[53,120269,86],{"class":67},[53,120271,120272],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120273,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120275,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120277,115],{"class":114},[53,120279,102],{"class":67},[53,120281,74241],{"class":114},[53,120283,102],{"class":67},[53,120285,92],{"class":98},[53,120287,75],{"class":67},[53,120289,77797],{"class":9043},[53,120291,64],{"class":63},[53,120293,573],{"class":369},[53,120295,1907],{"class":67},[53,120297,120298],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120299,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120301,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120303,92],{"class":59},[53,120305,95],{"class":67},[53,120307,34663],{"class":98},[53,120309,102],{"class":67},[53,120311,73304],{"class":9043},[53,120313,64],{"class":63},[53,120315,573],{"class":369},[53,120317,108],{"class":67},[53,120319,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,120321,115],{"class":114},[53,120323,102],{"class":67},[53,120325,92],{"class":98},[53,120327,108],{"class":67},[14,120329,120330],{},[23,120331,328],{},[44,120333,120335],{"className":46,"code":120334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120336,120337,120353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120338,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120340,338],{"class":67},[53,120342,754],{"class":71},[53,120344,75],{"class":67},[53,120346,78],{"class":71},[53,120348,75],{"class":67},[53,120350,5371],{"class":71},[53,120352,86],{"class":67},[53,120354,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120356,338],{"class":67},[53,120358,754],{"class":71},[53,120360,75],{"class":67},[53,120362,78],{"class":71},[53,120364,75],{"class":67},[53,120366,5371],{"class":71},[53,120368,86],{"class":67},[830,120370,120372],{"id":120371},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[44,120374,120376],{"className":46,"code":120375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120377,120378,120410,120414,120440,120444,120466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120379,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120381,3946],{"class":59},[53,120383,64],{"class":63},[53,120385,68],{"class":67},[53,120387,253],{"class":252},[53,120389,83090],{"class":256},[53,120391,253],{"class":252},[53,120393,75],{"class":67},[53,120395,264],{"class":252},[53,120397,257],{"class":256},[53,120399,253],{"class":252},[53,120401,75],{"class":67},[53,120403,264],{"class":252},[53,120405,118564],{"class":256},[53,120407,253],{"class":252},[53,120409,86],{"class":67},[53,120411,120412],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120413,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120415,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120417,115],{"class":114},[53,120419,102],{"class":67},[53,120421,74241],{"class":114},[53,120423,102],{"class":67},[53,120425,3988],{"class":98},[53,120427,75],{"class":67},[53,120429,21444],{"class":9043},[53,120431,64],{"class":63},[53,120433,3324],{"class":2782},[53,120435,95],{"class":67},[53,120437,8507],{"class":24615},[53,120439,1907],{"class":67},[53,120441,120442],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120443,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120445,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120447,3988],{"class":59},[53,120449,95],{"class":67},[53,120451,34663],{"class":98},[53,120453,102],{"class":67},[53,120455,14704],{"class":9043},[53,120457,64],{"class":63},[53,120459,3324],{"class":2782},[53,120461,95],{"class":67},[53,120463,8507],{"class":24615},[53,120465,108],{"class":67},[53,120467,120468,120470,120472,120474],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,120469,115],{"class":114},[53,120471,102],{"class":67},[53,120473,3988],{"class":98},[53,120475,108],{"class":67},[14,120477,120478],{},[23,120479,328],{},[44,120481,120483],{"className":46,"code":120482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120484,120485,120513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120486,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120488,338],{"class":67},[53,120490,341],{"class":252},[53,120492,257],{"class":256},[53,120494,341],{"class":252},[53,120496,75],{"class":67},[53,120498,350],{"class":252},[53,120500,83090],{"class":256},[53,120502,341],{"class":252},[53,120504,75],{"class":67},[53,120506,350],{"class":252},[53,120508,118564],{"class":256},[53,120510,341],{"class":252},[53,120512,86],{"class":67},[53,120514,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120516,338],{"class":67},[53,120518,341],{"class":252},[53,120520,257],{"class":256},[53,120522,341],{"class":252},[53,120524,75],{"class":67},[53,120526,350],{"class":252},[53,120528,83090],{"class":256},[53,120530,341],{"class":252},[53,120532,75],{"class":67},[53,120534,350],{"class":252},[53,120536,118564],{"class":256},[53,120538,341],{"class":252},[53,120540,86],{"class":67},[14,120542,833,120543,120545],{},[18,120544,78312],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120547,120548,120549,95],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[183,120550,120552],{"href":120551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[39,120554,120556],{"id":120555},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120558,120559],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[830,120561,120563,120564,12463],{"id":120562},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120565,77594],{},[14,120567,120568],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[44,120570,120572],{"className":46,"code":120571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120573,120574,120594,120598,120612,120616,120626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120575,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120577,60],{"class":59},[53,120579,64],{"class":63},[53,120581,68],{"class":67},[53,120583,754],{"class":71},[53,120585,75],{"class":67},[53,120587,5371],{"class":71},[53,120589,75],{"class":67},[53,120591,78],{"class":71},[53,120593,86],{"class":67},[53,120595,120596],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120597,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120601,276],{"class":59},[53,120603,64],{"class":63},[53,120605,4138],{"class":59},[53,120607,95],{"class":67},[53,120609,34663],{"class":98},[53,120611,8510],{"class":67},[53,120613,120614],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120615,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120617,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120619,115],{"class":114},[53,120621,102],{"class":67},[53,120623,323],{"class":98},[53,120625,108],{"class":67},[53,120627,120628,120630,120632,120634],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,120629,115],{"class":114},[53,120631,102],{"class":67},[53,120633,92],{"class":98},[53,120635,108],{"class":67},[14,120637,120638],{},[23,120639,328],{},[44,120641,120642],{"className":46,"code":78935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,120643,120644,120648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120645,120646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120647,370],{"class":369},[53,120649,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120651,338],{"class":67},[53,120653,72],{"class":71},[53,120655,75],{"class":67},[53,120657,78],{"class":71},[53,120659,75],{"class":67},[53,120661,83],{"class":71},[53,120663,86],{"class":67},[14,120665,1117],{},[140,120667,120668,120673,120678],{},[143,120669,120670,120672],{},[18,120671,119675],{}," sorts the list in place",[143,120674,34879,120675,120677],{},[23,120676,36],{}," return the sorted list",[143,120679,89714,120680,717,120682],{},[18,120681,323],{},[18,120683,232],{},[830,120685,120687,120688,120690],{"id":120686},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120689,74151],{}," to change the original list",[44,120692,120694],{"className":46,"code":120693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120695,120696,120716,120720,120730,120734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120697,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120699,60],{"class":59},[53,120701,64],{"class":63},[53,120703,68],{"class":67},[53,120705,754],{"class":71},[53,120707,75],{"class":67},[53,120709,5371],{"class":71},[53,120711,75],{"class":67},[53,120713,78],{"class":71},[53,120715,86],{"class":67},[53,120717,120718],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120719,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120721,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120723,74241],{"class":114},[53,120725,102],{"class":67},[53,120727,92],{"class":98},[53,120729,108],{"class":67},[53,120731,120732],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120733,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120735,120736,120738,120740,120742],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120737,115],{"class":114},[53,120739,102],{"class":67},[53,120741,92],{"class":98},[53,120743,108],{"class":67},[14,120745,120746],{},[23,120747,328],{},[44,120749,120750],{"className":46,"code":118896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,120751,120752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120753,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120755,338],{"class":67},[53,120757,754],{"class":71},[53,120759,75],{"class":67},[53,120761,5371],{"class":71},[53,120763,75],{"class":67},[53,120765,78],{"class":71},[53,120767,86],{"class":67},[14,120769,120770,120773],{},[18,120771,120772],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120775,1143],{},[44,120777,120779],{"className":46,"code":120778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,120780,120781,120801,120805,120819,120823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120782,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120784,60],{"class":59},[53,120786,64],{"class":63},[53,120788,68],{"class":67},[53,120790,754],{"class":71},[53,120792,75],{"class":67},[53,120794,5371],{"class":71},[53,120796,75],{"class":67},[53,120798,78],{"class":71},[53,120800,86],{"class":67},[53,120802,120803],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120804,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120808,55366],{"class":59},[53,120810,64],{"class":63},[53,120812,74285],{"class":114},[53,120814,102],{"class":67},[53,120816,92],{"class":98},[53,120818,108],{"class":67},[53,120820,120821],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120822,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120824,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120826,115],{"class":114},[53,120828,102],{"class":67},[53,120830,55385],{"class":98},[53,120832,108],{"class":67},[830,120834,120836,120837,120839],{"id":120835},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,120838,64038],{}," on a tuple or string",[44,120841,120842],{"className":46,"code":79037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,120843,120844,120856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120847,34551],{"class":59},[53,120849,64],{"class":63},[53,120851,264],{"class":252},[53,120853,48],{"class":256},[53,120855,3239],{"class":252},[53,120857,120858,120860,120862,120864],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120859,34572],{"class":59},[53,120861,95],{"class":67},[53,120863,34663],{"class":98},[53,120865,8510],{"class":67},[14,120867,120868,120869,33464],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,120870,64038],{},[14,120872,120873,120875],{},[18,120874,64038],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120877,120878,120879,120881,120882,95],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,120880,74151],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[183,120883,5011],{"href":5459},[830,120885,120887,120888,118933],{"id":120886},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,120889,74151],{},[44,120891,120893],{"className":46,"code":120892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120894,120895,120908,120922,120926,120936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903,120906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120898,34551],{"class":59},[53,120900,64],{"class":63},[53,120902,264],{"class":252},[53,120904,120905],{"class":256},"cab",[53,120907,3239],{"class":252},[53,120909,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120911,276],{"class":59},[53,120913,64],{"class":63},[53,120915,74285],{"class":114},[53,120917,102],{"class":67},[53,120919,34572],{"class":98},[53,120921,108],{"class":67},[53,120923,120924],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,120925,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,120929,115],{"class":114},[53,120931,102],{"class":67},[53,120933,323],{"class":98},[53,120935,108],{"class":67},[53,120937,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,120939,115],{"class":114},[53,120941,102],{"class":67},[53,120943,3102],{"class":2782},[53,120945,102],{"class":67},[53,120947,323],{"class":98},[53,120949,1907],{"class":67},[14,120951,120952],{},[23,120953,328],{},[44,120955,120957],{"className":46,"code":120956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120958,120959,120987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120962,338],{"class":67},[53,120964,341],{"class":252},[53,120966,183],{"class":256},[53,120968,341],{"class":252},[53,120970,75],{"class":67},[53,120972,350],{"class":252},[53,120974,1453],{"class":256},[53,120976,341],{"class":252},[53,120978,75],{"class":67},[53,120980,350],{"class":252},[53,120982,1428],{"class":256},[53,120984,341],{"class":252},[53,120986,86],{"class":67},[53,120988,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,120990,3171],{"class":63},[53,120992,3174],{"class":1945},[53,120994,350],{"class":252},[53,120996,7961],{"class":256},[53,120998,341],{"class":252},[53,121000,3183],{"class":63},[14,121002,121003],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[39,121005,113454],{"id":113453},[14,121007,121008],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[140,121010,121011,121014,121019,121024,121030],{},[143,121012,121013],{},"confusing a function with a method",[143,121015,121016,121017,1124],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121018,64038],{},[143,121020,121021,121022,12463],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121023,77594],{},[143,121025,121026,121027,121029],{},"trying to use ",[18,121028,64038],{}," on non-list data types",[143,121031,50369,121032,121034],{},[18,121033,74151],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121036,121037],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,121039,121041],{"className":46,"code":121040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121042,121043,121053,121067,121092,121107,121117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121046,115],{"class":114},[53,121048,102],{"class":67},[53,121050,203],{"class":98},[53,121052,108],{"class":67},[53,121054,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121056,115],{"class":114},[53,121058,102],{"class":67},[53,121060,74241],{"class":114},[53,121062,102],{"class":67},[53,121064,203],{"class":98},[53,121066,1907],{"class":67},[53,121068,121069,121071,121073,121075,121077,121079,121081,121084,121086,121088,121090],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121070,276],{"class":59},[53,121072,64],{"class":63},[53,121074,8262],{"class":59},[53,121076,95],{"class":67},[53,121078,34663],{"class":98},[53,121080,7235],{"class":67},[53,121082,121083],{"class":59},"; ",[53,121085,115],{"class":114},[53,121087,102],{"class":67},[53,121089,323],{"class":98},[53,121091,108],{"class":67},[53,121093,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121105],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121095,115],{"class":114},[53,121097,102],{"class":67},[53,121099,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121101,102],{"class":67},[53,121103,121104],{"class":98},"my_data",[53,121106,1907],{"class":67},[53,121108,121109,121111,121113,121115],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121110,32016],{"class":114},[53,121112,102],{"class":67},[53,121114,74241],{"class":114},[53,121116,108],{"class":67},[53,121118,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,121120,32016],{"class":114},[53,121122,102],{"class":67},[53,121124,7961],{"class":2782},[53,121126,95],{"class":67},[53,121128,34663],{"class":24615},[53,121130,108],{"class":67},[14,121132,84100],{},[140,121134,121135,121138,121142,121150],{},[143,121136,121137],{},"whether your original list changed",[143,121139,25884,121140,11573],{},[18,121141,74151],{},[143,121143,121144,121145,121147,121148],{},"whether ",[18,121146,64038],{}," returned ",[18,121149,232],{},[143,121151,121152],{},"what type of object you are working with",[39,121154,121156],{"id":121155},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121158,121159],{},"Use this rule:",[140,121161,121162,121170],{},[143,121163,121164,121165,121167,121168],{},"Need a ",[23,121166,119258],{},": use ",[18,121169,74151],{},[143,121171,121172,121173,121167,121176],{},"Need to ",[23,121174,121175],{},"change one list directly",[18,121177,77594],{},[14,121179,121180,121181,121183],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121182,74151],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[39,121185,1650],{"id":1649},[830,121187,121189,121190,2758,121192,2370],{"id":121188},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121191,74151],{},[18,121193,77594],{},[14,121195,121196,121198],{},[18,121197,74151],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[830,121200,5033,121202,5036,121204,2370],{"id":121201},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121203,77594],{},[18,121205,232],{},[14,121207,121208],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[830,121210,5045,121212,121214],{"id":121211},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121213,74151],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121216,121217],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[830,121219,28194,121221,121223],{"id":121220},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121222,64038],{}," on a string?",[14,121225,1657,121226,121228,121229,39792],{},[18,121227,64038],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121230,121231],{},"sorted(string)",[830,121233,11686,121235,4269,121237,121239],{"id":121234},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121236,74151],{},[18,121238,64038],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121241,121242,121243,95],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121244,77818],{},[39,121246,1782],{"id":1781},[140,121248,121249,121255,121261,121265,121269],{},[143,121250,121251],{},[183,121252,3457,121253,3390],{"href":74248},[18,121254,74151],{},[143,121256,121257],{},[183,121258,3457,121259,10608],{"href":74502},[18,121260,77594],{},[143,121262,121263],{},[183,121264,79600],{"href":78103},[143,121266,121267],{},[183,121268,120552],{"href":120551},[143,121270,121271],{},[183,121272,186],{"href":185},[1810,121274,121275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":121277},[121278,121279,121280,121284,121288,121291,121295,121299,121304,121314,121315,121316,121328],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":119346,"depth":89,"text":119347},{"id":117449,"depth":89,"text":119171,"children":121281},[121282],{"id":119413,"depth":111,"text":121283},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77660,"depth":89,"text":79622,"children":121285},[121286],{"id":119590,"depth":111,"text":121287},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119686,"depth":89,"text":119687,"children":121289},[121290],{"id":119712,"depth":111,"text":119713},{"id":119918,"depth":89,"text":121292,"children":121293},"When to use sorted()",[121294],{"id":119940,"depth":111,"text":119941},{"id":120075,"depth":89,"text":121296,"children":121297},"When to use list.sort()",[121298],{"id":120098,"depth":111,"text":120099},{"id":120212,"depth":89,"text":121300,"children":121301},"reverse and key work with both",[121302,121303],{"id":120243,"depth":111,"text":120244},{"id":120371,"depth":111,"text":120372},{"id":120555,"depth":89,"text":120556,"children":121305},[121306,121308,121310,121312],{"id":120562,"depth":111,"text":121307},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120686,"depth":111,"text":121309},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120835,"depth":111,"text":121311},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120886,"depth":111,"text":121313},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113453,"depth":89,"text":113454},{"id":121155,"depth":89,"text":121156},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":121317},[121318,121320,121322,121324,121326],{"id":121188,"depth":111,"text":121319},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121201,"depth":111,"text":121321},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121211,"depth":111,"text":121323},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121220,"depth":111,"text":121325},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121234,"depth":111,"text":121327},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119217,"description":121329},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121335,"title":42038,"body":121336,"description":123068,"extension":1841,"meta":123069,"navigation":301,"path":123070,"seo":123071,"stem":123072,"__hash__":123073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121337,"toc":123025},[121338,121343,121348,121354,121356,121411,121415,121438,121443,121448,121453,121455,121486,121489,121503,121505,121507,121522,121527,121531,121534,121585,121589,121603,121610,121614,121618,121673,121677,121700,121704,121760,121764,121787,121791,121846,121850,121873,121877,121944,121948,121983,121989,121994,121999,122001,122015,122017,122091,122095,122115,122120,122127,122130,122142,122144,122213,122217,122254,122257,122282,122289,122298,122301,122313,122319,122325,122327,122333,122338,122417,122421,122462,122466,122468,122495,122498,122521,122524,122530,122533,122570,122582,122589,122591,122642,122645,122677,122680,122682,122689,122691,122706,122708,122765,122769,122793,122795,122800,122816,122823,122827,122830,122913,122923,122925,122930,122933,122939,122942,122948,122951,122957,122960,122967,122975,122977,123022],[10,121339,3457,121341,3461],{"id":121340},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121342,47546],{},[14,121344,32181,121345,121347],{},[18,121346,47546],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121349,121350,121351,121353],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121352,47546],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[39,121355,1882],{"id":1881},[44,121357,121359],{"className":46,"code":121358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121360,121361,121369,121383,121387,121397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121362,121363,121365,121367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121364,21493],{"class":59},[53,121366,64],{"class":63},[53,121368,45088],{"class":71},[53,121370,121371,121373,121375,121377,121379,121381],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121372,34551],{"class":59},[53,121374,64],{"class":63},[53,121376,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121378,102],{"class":67},[53,121380,9166],{"class":98},[53,121382,108],{"class":67},[53,121384,121385],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121386,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121388,121389,121391,121393,121395],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121390,115],{"class":114},[53,121392,102],{"class":67},[53,121394,34572],{"class":98},[53,121396,108],{"class":67},[53,121398,121399,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121400,115],{"class":114},[53,121402,102],{"class":67},[53,121404,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121406,102],{"class":67},[53,121408,34572],{"class":98},[53,121410,1907],{"class":67},[14,121412,121413],{},[23,121414,328],{},[44,121416,121418],{"className":46,"code":121417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121419,121420,121424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121421,121422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121423,2587],{"class":71},[53,121425,121426,121428,121430,121432,121434,121436],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121427,3171],{"class":63},[53,121429,3174],{"class":1945},[53,121431,350],{"class":252},[53,121433,3324],{"class":256},[53,121435,341],{"class":252},[53,121437,3183],{"class":63},[14,121439,131,121440,121442],{},[18,121441,47546],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[39,121444,3556,121446,3559],{"id":121445},"what-str-does",[18,121447,47546],{},[14,121449,121450,121452],{},[18,121451,47546],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121454,1987],{},[140,121456,121457,121464,121471,121478],{},[143,121458,121459,121460,717,121462],{},"An integer like ",[18,121461,539],{},[18,121463,41989],{},[143,121465,121466,121467,717,121469],{},"A float like ",[18,121468,40006],{},[18,121470,47957],{},[143,121472,121473,121474,717,121476],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121475,573],{},[18,121477,6510],{},[143,121479,121480,121481,717,121483],{},"A list like ",[18,121482,74973],{},[18,121484,121485],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121487,121488],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[140,121490,121491,121494,121497,121500],{},[143,121492,121493],{},"print it",[143,121495,121496],{},"combine it with other strings",[143,121498,121499],{},"save it to a file",[143,121501,121502],{},"use it in messages",[39,121504,2039],{"id":2038},[14,121506,7088],{},[44,121508,121510],{"className":46,"code":121509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"str(object)\n",[18,121511,121512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121513,121514,121516,121518,121520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121515,3324],{"class":2782},[53,121517,102],{"class":67},[53,121519,42261],{"class":2782},[53,121521,108],{"class":67},[14,121523,20635,121524,121526],{},[18,121525,42261],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121528,121529,8093],{},[18,121530,47546],{},[14,121532,121533],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[44,121535,121537],{"className":46,"code":121536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121538,121539,121548,121571,121575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121540,121541,121543,121545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121542,4970],{"class":59},[53,121544,64],{"class":63},[53,121546,121547],{"class":71}," 100\n",[53,121549,121550,121552,121554,121556,121559,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121551,89734],{"class":59},[53,121553,64],{"class":63},[53,121555,264],{"class":252},[53,121557,121558],{"class":256},"Your score is ",[53,121560,253],{"class":252},[53,121562,2332],{"class":63},[53,121564,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121566,102],{"class":67},[53,121568,85247],{"class":98},[53,121570,108],{"class":67},[53,121572,121573],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121574,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121576,121577,121579,121581,121583],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121578,115],{"class":114},[53,121580,102],{"class":67},[53,121582,89751],{"class":98},[53,121584,108],{"class":67},[14,121586,121587],{},[23,121588,328],{},[44,121590,121592],{"className":46,"code":121591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121593,121594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121595,121596,121599,121601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121597,121598],{"class":59},"Your score ",[53,121600,12059],{"class":63},[53,121602,121547],{"class":71},[14,121604,2175,121605,121609],{},[183,121606,121607,2182],{"href":2178},[18,121608,2181],{}," can help you check.",[39,121611,121613],{"id":121612},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[830,121615,121617],{"id":121616},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[44,121619,121621],{"className":46,"code":121620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121622,121623,121631,121645,121649,121659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121624,121625,121627,121629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121626,1594],{"class":59},[53,121628,64],{"class":63},[53,121630,2465],{"class":71},[53,121632,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121634,34551],{"class":59},[53,121636,64],{"class":63},[53,121638,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121640,102],{"class":67},[53,121642,2120],{"class":98},[53,121644,108],{"class":67},[53,121646,121647],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121648,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121650,121651,121653,121655,121657],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121652,115],{"class":114},[53,121654,102],{"class":67},[53,121656,34572],{"class":98},[53,121658,108],{"class":67},[53,121660,121661,121663,121665,121667,121669,121671],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121662,115],{"class":114},[53,121664,102],{"class":67},[53,121666,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121668,102],{"class":67},[53,121670,34572],{"class":98},[53,121672,1907],{"class":67},[14,121674,121675],{},[23,121676,328],{},[44,121678,121680],{"className":46,"code":121679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121681,121682,121686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121683,121684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121685,2255],{"class":71},[53,121687,121688,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121689,3171],{"class":63},[53,121691,3174],{"class":1945},[53,121693,350],{"class":252},[53,121695,3324],{"class":256},[53,121697,341],{"class":252},[53,121699,3183],{"class":63},[830,121701,121703],{"id":121702},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[44,121705,121707],{"className":46,"code":121706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121708,121709,121718,121732,121736,121746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121710,121711,121713,121715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121712,40250],{"class":59},[53,121714,64],{"class":63},[53,121716,121717],{"class":71}," 3.14\n",[53,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121721,34551],{"class":59},[53,121723,64],{"class":63},[53,121725,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121727,102],{"class":67},[53,121729,25015],{"class":98},[53,121731,108],{"class":67},[53,121733,121734],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121735,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121737,121738,121740,121742,121744],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121739,115],{"class":114},[53,121741,102],{"class":67},[53,121743,34572],{"class":98},[53,121745,108],{"class":67},[53,121747,121748,121750,121752,121754,121756,121758],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121749,115],{"class":114},[53,121751,102],{"class":67},[53,121753,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121755,102],{"class":67},[53,121757,34572],{"class":98},[53,121759,1907],{"class":67},[14,121761,121762],{},[23,121763,328],{},[44,121765,121767],{"className":46,"code":121766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121768,121769,121773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121770,121771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121772,40040],{"class":71},[53,121774,121775,121777,121779,121781,121783,121785],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121776,3171],{"class":63},[53,121778,3174],{"class":1945},[53,121780,350],{"class":252},[53,121782,3324],{"class":256},[53,121784,341],{"class":252},[53,121786,3183],{"class":63},[830,121788,121790],{"id":121789},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[44,121792,121794],{"className":46,"code":121793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121795,121796,121804,121818,121822,121832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121797,121798,121800,121802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121799,2325],{"class":59},[53,121801,64],{"class":63},[53,121803,6294],{"class":369},[53,121805,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121807,34551],{"class":59},[53,121809,64],{"class":63},[53,121811,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121813,102],{"class":67},[53,121815,2350],{"class":98},[53,121817,108],{"class":67},[53,121819,121820],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121821,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121823,121824,121826,121828,121830],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121825,115],{"class":114},[53,121827,102],{"class":67},[53,121829,34572],{"class":98},[53,121831,108],{"class":67},[53,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121835,115],{"class":114},[53,121837,102],{"class":67},[53,121839,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121841,102],{"class":67},[53,121843,34572],{"class":98},[53,121845,1907],{"class":67},[14,121847,121848],{},[23,121849,328],{},[44,121851,121853],{"className":46,"code":121852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121854,121855,121859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121856,121857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121858,3855],{"class":369},[53,121860,121861,121863,121865,121867,121869,121871],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121862,3171],{"class":63},[53,121864,3174],{"class":1945},[53,121866,350],{"class":252},[53,121868,3324],{"class":256},[53,121870,341],{"class":252},[53,121872,3183],{"class":63},[830,121874,121876],{"id":121875},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[44,121878,121880],{"className":46,"code":121879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121881,121882,121902,121916,121920,121930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121883,121884,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121885,516],{"class":59},[53,121887,64],{"class":63},[53,121889,68],{"class":67},[53,121891,72],{"class":71},[53,121893,75],{"class":67},[53,121895,78],{"class":71},[53,121897,75],{"class":67},[53,121899,83],{"class":71},[53,121901,86],{"class":67},[53,121903,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912,121914],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121905,34551],{"class":59},[53,121907,64],{"class":63},[53,121909,48767],{"class":2782},[53,121911,102],{"class":67},[53,121913,530],{"class":98},[53,121915,108],{"class":67},[53,121917,121918],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,121919,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,121921,121922,121924,121926,121928],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,121923,115],{"class":114},[53,121925,102],{"class":67},[53,121927,34572],{"class":98},[53,121929,108],{"class":67},[53,121931,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940,121942],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,121933,115],{"class":114},[53,121935,102],{"class":67},[53,121937,3102],{"class":2782},[53,121939,102],{"class":67},[53,121941,34572],{"class":98},[53,121943,1907],{"class":67},[14,121945,121946],{},[23,121947,328],{},[44,121949,121951],{"className":46,"code":121950,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121952,121953,121969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965,121967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121956,338],{"class":67},[53,121958,72],{"class":71},[53,121960,75],{"class":67},[53,121962,78],{"class":71},[53,121964,75],{"class":67},[53,121966,83],{"class":71},[53,121968,86],{"class":67},[53,121970,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,121972,3171],{"class":63},[53,121974,3174],{"class":1945},[53,121976,350],{"class":252},[53,121978,3324],{"class":256},[53,121980,341],{"class":252},[53,121982,3183],{"class":63},[14,121984,121985,121986,121988],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[23,121987,36],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[39,121990,4835,121992],{"id":121991},"when-to-use-str",[18,121993,47546],{},[14,121995,131,121996,121998],{},[18,121997,47546],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122000,1518],{},[140,122002,122003,122006,122009,122012],{},[143,122004,122005],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[143,122007,122008],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[143,122010,122011],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[143,122013,122014],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122016,235],{},[44,122018,122020],{"className":46,"code":122019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122021,122022,122034,122042,122046,122081],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122025,7743],{"class":59},[53,122027,64],{"class":63},[53,122029,264],{"class":252},[53,122031,11376],{"class":256},[53,122033,3239],{"class":252},[53,122035,122036,122038,122040],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122037,21493],{"class":59},[53,122039,64],{"class":63},[53,122041,45088],{"class":71},[53,122043,122044],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122045,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122047,122048,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076,122079],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122049,89734],{"class":59},[53,122051,64],{"class":63},[53,122053,35834],{"class":59},[53,122055,1940],{"class":63},[53,122057,264],{"class":252},[53,122059,4657],{"class":256},[53,122061,253],{"class":252},[53,122063,2332],{"class":63},[53,122065,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122067,102],{"class":67},[53,122069,9166],{"class":98},[53,122071,3539],{"class":67},[53,122073,2332],{"class":63},[53,122075,264],{"class":252},[53,122077,122078],{"class":256}," years old.",[53,122080,3239],{"class":252},[53,122082,122083,122085,122087,122089],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,122084,115],{"class":114},[53,122086,102],{"class":67},[53,122088,89751],{"class":98},[53,122090,108],{"class":67},[14,122092,122093],{},[23,122094,328],{},[44,122096,122098],{"className":46,"code":122097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122099,122100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122101,122102,122105,122107,122109,122112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122103,122104],{"class":59},"Maya ",[53,122106,12059],{"class":63},[53,122108,9173],{"class":71},[53,122110,122111],{"class":59}," years old",[53,122113,122114],{"class":67},".\n",[14,122116,122117,122118,95],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[183,122119,89420],{"href":89419},[39,122121,122123,10452,122125],{"id":122122},"str-vs-print",[18,122124,47546],{},[18,122126,46314],{},[14,122128,122129],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[140,122131,122132,122137],{},[143,122133,122134,122136],{},[18,122135,47546],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[143,122138,122139,122141],{},[18,122140,46314],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122143,235],{},[44,122145,122147],{"className":46,"code":122146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122148,122149,122157,122161,122175,122185,122199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122150,122151,122153,122155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122152,2325],{"class":59},[53,122154,64],{"class":63},[53,122156,2647],{"class":71},[53,122158,122159],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122160,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122162,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122164,34551],{"class":59},[53,122166,64],{"class":63},[53,122168,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122170,102],{"class":67},[53,122172,2350],{"class":98},[53,122174,108],{"class":67},[53,122176,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122178,115],{"class":114},[53,122180,102],{"class":67},[53,122182,34572],{"class":98},[53,122184,108],{"class":67},[53,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,122188,115],{"class":114},[53,122190,102],{"class":67},[53,122192,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122194,102],{"class":67},[53,122196,34572],{"class":98},[53,122198,1907],{"class":67},[53,122200,122201,122203,122205,122207,122209,122211],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,122202,115],{"class":114},[53,122204,102],{"class":67},[53,122206,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122208,102],{"class":67},[53,122210,2350],{"class":98},[53,122212,1907],{"class":67},[14,122214,122215],{},[23,122216,328],{},[44,122218,122220],{"className":46,"code":122219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122221,122222,122226,122240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122223,122224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122225,46474],{"class":71},[53,122227,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122229,3171],{"class":63},[53,122231,3174],{"class":1945},[53,122233,350],{"class":252},[53,122235,3324],{"class":256},[53,122237,341],{"class":252},[53,122239,3183],{"class":63},[53,122241,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122243,3171],{"class":63},[53,122245,3174],{"class":1945},[53,122247,350],{"class":252},[53,122249,2071],{"class":256},[53,122251,341],{"class":252},[53,122253,3183],{"class":63},[14,122255,122256],{},"Notice:",[140,122258,122259,122265,122270],{},[143,122260,122261,122264],{},[18,122262,122263],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[143,122266,122267,122269],{},[18,122268,46314],{}," only displayed values",[143,122271,122272,122274,122275,122277,122278,61027,122280],{},[18,122273,46314],{}," did not change ",[18,122276,2350],{}," from ",[18,122279,2071],{},[18,122281,3324],{},[14,122283,122284,122285,95],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[183,122286,122287,2182],{"href":46311},[18,122288,46314],{},[39,122290,122292,10452,122294,122297],{"id":122291},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122293,47546],{},[18,122295,122296],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122299,122300],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[140,122302,122303,122308],{},[143,122304,122305,122307],{},[18,122306,47546],{}," is the more readable text version",[143,122309,122310,122312],{},[18,122311,122296],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122314,122315,122316,122318],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122317,47546],{}," much more often.",[14,122320,122321,122322,122324],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122323,47546],{}," is usually the right choice.",[39,122326,1039],{"id":1038},[830,122328,25639,122330,122332],{"id":122329},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122331,47546],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122334,122335,122337],{},[18,122336,47546],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[44,122339,122341],{"className":46,"code":122340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122342,122343,122351,122365,122369,122379,122393,122403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122344,122345,122347,122349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122346,21493],{"class":59},[53,122348,64],{"class":63},[53,122350,45088],{"class":71},[53,122352,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122354,34551],{"class":59},[53,122356,64],{"class":63},[53,122358,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122360,102],{"class":67},[53,122362,9166],{"class":98},[53,122364,108],{"class":67},[53,122366,122367],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122368,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122370,122371,122373,122375,122377],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122372,115],{"class":114},[53,122374,102],{"class":67},[53,122376,9166],{"class":98},[53,122378,108],{"class":67},[53,122380,122381,122383,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,122382,115],{"class":114},[53,122384,102],{"class":67},[53,122386,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122388,102],{"class":67},[53,122390,9166],{"class":98},[53,122392,1907],{"class":67},[53,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,122396,115],{"class":114},[53,122398,102],{"class":67},[53,122400,34572],{"class":98},[53,122402,108],{"class":67},[53,122404,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,122406,115],{"class":114},[53,122408,102],{"class":67},[53,122410,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122412,102],{"class":67},[53,122414,34572],{"class":98},[53,122416,1907],{"class":67},[14,122418,122419],{},[23,122420,328],{},[44,122422,122424],{"className":46,"code":122423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122425,122426,122430,122444,122448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122427,122428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122429,2587],{"class":71},[53,122431,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122433,3171],{"class":63},[53,122435,3174],{"class":1945},[53,122437,350],{"class":252},[53,122439,2071],{"class":256},[53,122441,341],{"class":252},[53,122443,3183],{"class":63},[53,122445,122446],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122447,2587],{"class":71},[53,122449,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122451,3171],{"class":63},[53,122453,3174],{"class":1945},[53,122455,350],{"class":252},[53,122457,3324],{"class":256},[53,122459,341],{"class":252},[53,122461,3183],{"class":63},[830,122463,122465],{"id":122464},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122467,6557],{},[44,122469,122471],{"className":46,"code":122470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122472,122473,122481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122474,122475,122477,122479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122476,21493],{"class":59},[53,122478,64],{"class":63},[53,122480,45088],{"class":71},[53,122482,122483,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122484,34551],{"class":59},[53,122486,64],{"class":63},[53,122488,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122490,102],{"class":67},[53,122492,9166],{"class":98},[53,122494,108],{"class":67},[14,122496,122497],{},"But if you only do this:",[44,122499,122501],{"className":46,"code":122500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122502,122503,122511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122504,122505,122507,122509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122506,21493],{"class":59},[53,122508,64],{"class":63},[53,122510,45088],{"class":71},[53,122512,122513,122515,122517,122519],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122514,3324],{"class":2782},[53,122516,102],{"class":67},[53,122518,9166],{"class":98},[53,122520,108],{"class":67},[14,122522,122523],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[830,122525,833,122527,122529],{"id":122526},"using-str-too-early",[18,122528,47546],{}," too early",[14,122531,122532],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[44,122534,122536],{"className":46,"code":122535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122537,122538,122546,122561,122565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122539,122540,122542,122544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122541,40250],{"class":59},[53,122543,64],{"class":63},[53,122545,2465],{"class":71},[53,122547,122548,122551,122553,122555,122557,122559],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122549,122550],{"class":59},"text_price ",[53,122552,64],{"class":63},[53,122554,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122556,102],{"class":67},[53,122558,25015],{"class":98},[53,122560,108],{"class":67},[53,122562,122563],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122564,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122566,122567],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122568,122569],{"class":127},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122571,122572,122573,2758,122577,122581],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[183,122574,122575],{"href":2754},[18,122576,2757],{},[183,122578,122579],{"href":2761},[18,122580,2764],{},", depending on the situation.",[830,122583,8319,122585,122588],{"id":122584},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122586,122587],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122590,64370],{},[44,122592,122594],{"className":46,"code":122593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122595,122596,122628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122599,516],{"class":59},[53,122601,64],{"class":63},[53,122603,68],{"class":67},[53,122605,253],{"class":252},[53,122607,257],{"class":256},[53,122609,253],{"class":252},[53,122611,75],{"class":67},[53,122613,264],{"class":252},[53,122615,267],{"class":256},[53,122617,253],{"class":252},[53,122619,75],{"class":67},[53,122621,264],{"class":252},[53,122623,292],{"class":256},[53,122625,253],{"class":252},[53,122627,86],{"class":67},[53,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122631,115],{"class":114},[53,122633,102],{"class":67},[53,122635,3324],{"class":2782},[53,122637,102],{"class":67},[53,122639,530],{"class":98},[53,122641,1907],{"class":67},[14,122643,122644],{},"prints:",[44,122646,122647],{"className":46,"code":72563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,122648,122649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122650,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122652,338],{"class":67},[53,122654,341],{"class":252},[53,122656,257],{"class":256},[53,122658,341],{"class":252},[53,122660,75],{"class":67},[53,122662,350],{"class":252},[53,122664,267],{"class":256},[53,122666,341],{"class":252},[53,122668,75],{"class":67},[53,122670,350],{"class":252},[53,122672,292],{"class":256},[53,122674,341],{"class":252},[53,122676,86],{"class":67},[14,122678,122679],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[39,122681,17284],{"id":17283},[14,122683,122684,21840,122686,95],{},[18,122685,47546],{},[23,122687,122688],{},"new string",[14,122690,11327],{},[140,122692,122693,122696,122699],{},[143,122694,122695],{},"It always returns a string",[143,122697,122698],{},"It does not modify the original object",[143,122700,7631,122701,122705],{},[183,122702,122703],{"href":2178},[18,122704,2181],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122707,235],{},[44,122709,122711],{"className":46,"code":122710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122712,122713,122721,122736,122740,122751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122714,122715,122717,122719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122716,2325],{"class":59},[53,122718,64],{"class":63},[53,122720,13993],{"class":71},[53,122722,122723,122726,122728,122730,122732,122734],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122724,122725],{"class":59},"converted ",[53,122727,64],{"class":63},[53,122729,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122731,102],{"class":67},[53,122733,2350],{"class":98},[53,122735,108],{"class":67},[53,122737,122738],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122739,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122741,122742,122744,122746,122749],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122743,115],{"class":114},[53,122745,102],{"class":67},[53,122747,122748],{"class":98},"converted",[53,122750,108],{"class":67},[53,122752,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,122754,115],{"class":114},[53,122756,102],{"class":67},[53,122758,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122760,102],{"class":67},[53,122762,122748],{"class":98},[53,122764,1907],{"class":67},[14,122766,122767],{},[23,122768,328],{},[44,122770,122772],{"className":46,"code":122771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122773,122774,122779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122775,122776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122777,122778],{"class":71},"99\n",[53,122780,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789,122791],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122782,3171],{"class":63},[53,122784,3174],{"class":1945},[53,122786,350],{"class":252},[53,122788,3324],{"class":256},[53,122790,341],{"class":252},[53,122792,3183],{"class":63},[39,122794,113454],{"id":113453},[14,122796,122797,122798,74542],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,122799,47546],{},[140,122801,122802,122805,122808,122813],{},[143,122803,122804],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[143,122806,122807],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[143,122809,833,122810,122812],{},[18,122811,47546],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[143,122814,122815],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122817,122818,122819,95],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[183,122820,25545,122821],{"href":90132},[18,122822,90133],{},[39,122824,122826],{"id":122825},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122828,122829],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[44,122831,122833],{"className":46,"code":122832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122834,122835,122843,122847,122857,122871,122875,122889,122899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122836,122837,122839,122841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122838,2325],{"class":59},[53,122840,64],{"class":63},[53,122842,45088],{"class":71},[53,122844,122845],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,122846,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122848,122849,122851,122853,122855],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,122850,115],{"class":114},[53,122852,102],{"class":67},[53,122854,2350],{"class":98},[53,122856,108],{"class":67},[53,122858,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,122860,115],{"class":114},[53,122862,102],{"class":67},[53,122864,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122866,102],{"class":67},[53,122868,2350],{"class":98},[53,122870,1907],{"class":67},[53,122872,122873],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,122874,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,122876,122877,122879,122881,122883,122885,122887],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,122878,122725],{"class":59},[53,122880,64],{"class":63},[53,122882,48767],{"class":2782},[53,122884,102],{"class":67},[53,122886,2350],{"class":98},[53,122888,108],{"class":67},[53,122890,122891,122893,122895,122897],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,122892,115],{"class":114},[53,122894,102],{"class":67},[53,122896,122748],{"class":98},[53,122898,108],{"class":67},[53,122900,122901,122903,122905,122907,122909,122911],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,122902,115],{"class":114},[53,122904,102],{"class":67},[53,122906,3102],{"class":2782},[53,122908,102],{"class":67},[53,122910,122748],{"class":98},[53,122912,1907],{"class":67},[14,122914,122915,122916,2072,122918,122920,122921,95],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,122917,2071],{},[18,122919,2075],{},", or another type into ",[18,122922,3324],{},[39,122924,1650],{"id":1649},[830,122926,5017,122928,5020],{"id":122927},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,122929,47546],{},[14,122931,122932],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[830,122934,12570,122936,122938],{"id":122935},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,122937,47546],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122940,122941],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[830,122943,5045,122945,122947],{"id":122944},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,122946,47546],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122949,122950],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[830,122952,94318,122954,122956],{"id":122953},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,122955,47546],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122958,122959],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[830,122961,14766,122963,56930,122965,2370],{"id":122962},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,122964,47546],{},[18,122966,46314],{},[14,122968,1657,122969,122971,122972,122974],{},[18,122970,47546],{}," converts to text. ",[18,122973,46314],{}," shows output.",[39,122976,1782],{"id":1781},[140,122978,122979,122985,122991,122997,123003,123012,123016],{},[143,122980,122981],{},[183,122982,122983,3390],{"href":46311},[18,122984,46314],{},[143,122986,122987],{},[183,122988,122989,3390],{"href":2178},[18,122990,2181],{},[143,122992,122993],{},[183,122994,122995,3390],{"href":2754},[18,122996,2757],{},[143,122998,122999],{},[183,123000,123001,3390],{"href":2761},[18,123002,2764],{},[143,123004,123005],{},[183,123006,123008,123009,123011],{"href":123007},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123010,2071],{}," to string in Python",[143,123013,123014],{},[183,123015,90410],{"href":89419},[143,123017,123018],{},[183,123019,30214,123020],{"href":90132},[18,123021,90133],{},[1810,123023,123024],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":123026},[123027,123028,123030,123031,123037,123039,123041,123043,123052,123053,123054,123055,123067],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":121445,"depth":89,"text":123029},"What str() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":121612,"depth":89,"text":121613,"children":123032},[123033,123034,123035,123036],{"id":121616,"depth":111,"text":121617},{"id":121702,"depth":111,"text":121703},{"id":121789,"depth":111,"text":121790},{"id":121875,"depth":111,"text":121876},{"id":121991,"depth":89,"text":123038},"When to use str()",{"id":122122,"depth":89,"text":123040},"str() vs print()",{"id":122291,"depth":89,"text":123042},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":123044},[123045,123047,123048,123050],{"id":122329,"depth":111,"text":123046},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122464,"depth":111,"text":122465},{"id":122526,"depth":111,"text":123049},"Using str() too early",{"id":122584,"depth":111,"text":123051},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":113453,"depth":89,"text":113454},{"id":122825,"depth":89,"text":122826},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":123056},[123057,123059,123061,123063,123065],{"id":122927,"depth":111,"text":123058},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122935,"depth":111,"text":123060},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122944,"depth":111,"text":123062},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122953,"depth":111,"text":123064},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122962,"depth":111,"text":123066},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42038,"description":123068},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123075,"title":123076,"body":123077,"description":124530,"extension":1841,"meta":124531,"navigation":301,"path":124532,"seo":124533,"stem":124534,"__hash__":124535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123078,"toc":124492},[123079,123085,123091,123094,123116,123118,123180,123182,123195,123201,123206,123211,123213,123226,123237,123239,123266,123268,123285,123292,123303,123305,123310,123312,123324,123332,123341,123343,123346,123399,123401,123409,123417,123421,123426,123466,123468,123476,123479,123481,123521,123523,123531,123541,123547,123550,123623,123625,123638,123642,123647,123675,123678,123713,123715,123723,123726,123730,123734,123736,123752,123754,123794,123796,123804,123813,123856,123858,123866,123868,123872,123878,123881,123921,123923,123931,123936,123939,123982,123986,123989,124024,124029,124031,124070,124080,124088,124098,124106,124110,124115,124117,124158,124160,124168,124173,124176,124179,124197,124203,124207,124212,124215,124255,124257,124262,124361,124364,124380,124382,124401,124403,124410,124413,124419,124422,124428,124432,124438,124441,124447,124450,124452,124489],[10,123080,123082,123083,11190],{"id":123081},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123084,57015],{},[14,123086,123087,123088,123090],{},"The Python string ",[18,123089,57015],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123092,123093],{},"This reference page explains:",[140,123095,123096,123100,123103,123105,123113],{},[143,123097,25884,123098,3559],{},[18,123099,57015],{},[143,123101,123102],{},"its syntax",[143,123104,35259],{},[143,123106,123107,123108,4269,123110,123112],{},"how ",[18,123109,35938],{},[18,123111,29],{}," work",[143,123114,123115],{},"common beginner mistakes",[39,123117,1882],{"id":1881},[44,123119,123121],{"className":46,"code":123120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123122,123123,123135,123157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123124,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123126,34551],{"class":59},[53,123128,64],{"class":63},[53,123130,264],{"class":252},[53,123132,267],{"class":256},[53,123134,3239],{"class":252},[53,123136,123137,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123138,115],{"class":114},[53,123140,102],{"class":67},[53,123142,34572],{"class":98},[53,123144,95],{"class":67},[53,123146,41122],{"class":98},[53,123148,102],{"class":67},[53,123150,253],{"class":252},[53,123152,183],{"class":256},[53,123154,253],{"class":252},[53,123156,1907],{"class":67},[53,123158,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173,123176,123178],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,123160,115],{"class":114},[53,123162,102],{"class":67},[53,123164,34572],{"class":98},[53,123166,95],{"class":67},[53,123168,41122],{"class":98},[53,123170,102],{"class":67},[53,123172,253],{"class":252},[53,123174,123175],{"class":256},"na",[53,123177,253],{"class":252},[53,123179,1907],{"class":67},[14,123181,328],{},[44,123183,123185],{"className":46,"code":123184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\n",[18,123186,123187,123191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123188,123189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123190,46479],{"class":71},[53,123192,123193],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123194,16921],{"class":71},[14,123196,131,123197,123200],{},[18,123198,123199],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[39,123202,12863,123204,12866],{"id":123203},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123205,57015],{},[14,123207,123208,123210],{},[18,123209,57015],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123212,12919],{},[140,123214,123215,123218,123221,123223],{},[143,123216,123217],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[143,123219,123220],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[143,123222,43520],{},[143,123224,123225],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123227,123228,123229,123231,123232,2072,123234,123236],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123230,17960],{}," characters are in ",[18,123233,65001],{},[18,123235,57015],{}," is a simple choice.",[39,123238,2039],{"id":2038},[44,123240,123242],{"className":46,"code":123241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123243,123244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123245,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123247,60900],{"class":59},[53,123249,95],{"class":67},[53,123251,41122],{"class":98},[53,123253,102],{"class":67},[53,123255,2350],{"class":98},[53,123257,75],{"class":67},[53,123259,35917],{"class":98},[53,123261,75],{"class":67},[53,123263,64767],{"class":98},[53,123265,108],{"class":67},[830,123267,17260],{"id":17259},[140,123269,123270,123275,123280],{},[143,123271,123272,123274],{},[18,123273,2350],{},": the text to search for",[143,123276,123277,123279],{},[18,123278,35938],{},": optional; where counting begins",[143,123281,123282,123284],{},[18,123283,29],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123286,123287,4269,123289,123291],{},[18,123288,35938],{},[18,123290,29],{}," work like slice positions:",[140,123293,123294,123299],{},[143,123295,123296,123298],{},[18,123297,35938],{}," is included",[143,123300,123301,75468],{},[18,123302,29],{},[39,123304,17284],{"id":17283},[14,123306,123307,123309],{},[18,123308,57015],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123311,2006],{},[140,123313,123314,123319],{},[143,123315,123316,123317],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123318,754],{},[143,123320,123321,123322],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123323,2000],{},[14,123325,40768,123326,5036,123328,2758,123330,95],{},[23,123327,36],{},[18,123329,573],{},[18,123331,3552],{},[14,123333,123334,123335,123340],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[183,123336,123338,101328],{"href":123337},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123339,1565],{}," is often a better fit.",[39,123342,385],{"id":384},[14,123344,123345],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[44,123347,123349],{"className":46,"code":123348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123350,123351,123363,123385,123389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123352,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123354,34551],{"class":59},[53,123356,64],{"class":63},[53,123358,264],{"class":252},[53,123360,257],{"class":256},[53,123362,3239],{"class":252},[53,123364,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123366,276],{"class":59},[53,123368,64],{"class":63},[53,123370,42704],{"class":59},[53,123372,95],{"class":67},[53,123374,41122],{"class":98},[53,123376,102],{"class":67},[53,123378,253],{"class":252},[53,123380,14],{"class":256},[53,123382,253],{"class":252},[53,123384,108],{"class":67},[53,123386,123387],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,123388,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,123390,123391,123393,123395,123397],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,123392,115],{"class":114},[53,123394,102],{"class":67},[53,123396,323],{"class":98},[53,123398,108],{"class":67},[14,123400,328],{},[44,123402,123403],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123404,123405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123406,123407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123408,16921],{"class":71},[14,123410,63546,123411,123414,123415,95],{},[18,123412,123413],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123416,57558],{},[39,123418,123420],{"id":123419},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123422,123423,123425],{},[18,123424,57015],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[44,123427,123429],{"className":46,"code":123428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123430,123431,123444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123432,123433,123435,123437,123439,123442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123434,34551],{"class":59},[53,123436,64],{"class":63},[53,123438,264],{"class":252},[53,123440,123441],{"class":256},"cat dog cat bird cat",[53,123443,3239],{"class":252},[53,123445,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123447,115],{"class":114},[53,123449,102],{"class":67},[53,123451,34572],{"class":98},[53,123453,95],{"class":67},[53,123455,41122],{"class":98},[53,123457,102],{"class":67},[53,123459,253],{"class":252},[53,123461,36909],{"class":256},[53,123463,253],{"class":252},[53,123465,1907],{"class":67},[14,123467,328],{},[44,123469,123470],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123471,123472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123473,123474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123475,46479],{"class":71},[14,123477,123478],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123480,235],{},[44,123482,123484],{"className":46,"code":123483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123485,123486,123499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123487,123488,123490,123492,123494,123497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123489,34551],{"class":59},[53,123491,64],{"class":63},[53,123493,264],{"class":252},[53,123495,123496],{"class":256},"one One one",[53,123498,3239],{"class":252},[53,123500,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123502,115],{"class":114},[53,123504,102],{"class":67},[53,123506,34572],{"class":98},[53,123508,95],{"class":67},[53,123510,41122],{"class":98},[53,123512,102],{"class":67},[53,123514,253],{"class":252},[53,123516,6455],{"class":256},[53,123518,253],{"class":252},[53,123520,1907],{"class":67},[14,123522,328],{},[44,123524,123525],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123526,123527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123528,123529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123530,16921],{"class":71},[14,123532,123533,123534,123537,123538,123540],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123535,123536],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123539,57015],{}," is case-sensitive.",[39,123542,833,123543,4269,123545],{"id":65133},[18,123544,35938],{},[18,123546,29],{},[14,123548,123549],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[44,123551,123553],{"className":46,"code":123552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123554,123555,123567,123593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123558,34551],{"class":59},[53,123560,64],{"class":63},[53,123562,264],{"class":252},[53,123564,267],{"class":256},[53,123566,3239],{"class":252},[53,123568,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123570,115],{"class":114},[53,123572,102],{"class":67},[53,123574,34572],{"class":98},[53,123576,95],{"class":67},[53,123578,41122],{"class":98},[53,123580,102],{"class":67},[53,123582,253],{"class":252},[53,123584,183],{"class":256},[53,123586,253],{"class":252},[53,123588,75],{"class":67},[53,123590,78],{"class":71},[53,123592,1907],{"class":67},[53,123594,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,123596,115],{"class":114},[53,123598,102],{"class":67},[53,123600,34572],{"class":98},[53,123602,95],{"class":67},[53,123604,41122],{"class":98},[53,123606,102],{"class":67},[53,123608,253],{"class":252},[53,123610,183],{"class":256},[53,123612,253],{"class":252},[53,123614,75],{"class":67},[53,123616,78],{"class":71},[53,123618,75],{"class":67},[53,123620,1577],{"class":71},[53,123622,1907],{"class":67},[14,123624,328],{},[44,123626,123628],{"className":46,"code":123627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n1\n",[18,123629,123630,123634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123631,123632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123633,16921],{"class":71},[53,123635,123636],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123637,46779],{"class":71},[830,123639,123641],{"id":123640},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123643,123644,123645,597],{},"In ",[18,123646,65001],{},[140,123648,123649,123657,123665],{},[143,123650,70692,123651,123653,123654],{},[18,123652,1937],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123655,123656],{},"\"n\"",[143,123658,123659,123662,123663,75766],{},[18,123660,123661],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123664,1937],{},[143,123666,123667,123662,123670,123672,123673],{},[18,123668,123669],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123671,1937],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123674,2017],{},[14,123676,123677],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[44,123679,123681],{"className":46,"code":123680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123682,123683,123695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123684,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123686,34551],{"class":59},[53,123688,64],{"class":63},[53,123690,264],{"class":252},[53,123692,267],{"class":256},[53,123694,3239],{"class":252},[53,123696,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123698,115],{"class":114},[53,123700,102],{"class":67},[53,123702,34572],{"class":98},[53,123704,338],{"class":67},[53,123706,1937],{"class":71},[53,123708,597],{"class":67},[53,123710,2017],{"class":71},[53,123712,632],{"class":67},[14,123714,328],{},[44,123716,123717],{"className":46,"code":41331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123718,123719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123720,123721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123722,41331],{"class":59},[14,123724,123725],{},"Only that section is searched.",[39,123727,123729],{"id":123728},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123731,123732,123540],{},[18,123733,57015],{},[14,123735,1987],{},[140,123737,123738,123746],{},[143,123739,123740,4269,123742,123745],{},[18,123741,17960],{},[18,123743,123744],{},"\"A\""," are different",[143,123747,123748,4269,123750,123745],{},[18,123749,64261],{},[18,123751,90145],{},[14,123753,235],{},[44,123755,123757],{"className":46,"code":123756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123758,123759,123772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767,123770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123762,34551],{"class":59},[53,123764,64],{"class":63},[53,123766,264],{"class":252},[53,123768,123769],{"class":256},"Apple apple APPLE",[53,123771,3239],{"class":252},[53,123773,123774,123776,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123775,115],{"class":114},[53,123777,102],{"class":67},[53,123779,34572],{"class":98},[53,123781,95],{"class":67},[53,123783,41122],{"class":98},[53,123785,102],{"class":67},[53,123787,253],{"class":252},[53,123789,257],{"class":256},[53,123791,253],{"class":252},[53,123793,1907],{"class":67},[14,123795,328],{},[44,123797,123798],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123799,123800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123801,123802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123803,46779],{"class":71},[14,123805,123806,123807,597],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[183,123808,123810],{"href":123809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,123811,123812],{},"lower()",[44,123814,123816],{"className":46,"code":123815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123817,123818,123830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123821,34551],{"class":59},[53,123823,64],{"class":63},[53,123825,264],{"class":252},[53,123827,123769],{"class":256},[53,123829,3239],{"class":252},[53,123831,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123833,115],{"class":114},[53,123835,102],{"class":67},[53,123837,34572],{"class":98},[53,123839,95],{"class":67},[53,123841,8507],{"class":98},[53,123843,8504],{"class":67},[53,123845,41122],{"class":98},[53,123847,102],{"class":67},[53,123849,253],{"class":252},[53,123851,257],{"class":256},[53,123853,253],{"class":252},[53,123855,1907],{"class":67},[14,123857,328],{},[44,123859,123860],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123861,123862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123863,123864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123865,46479],{"class":71},[39,123867,2709],{"id":2708},[14,123869,22960,123870,95],{},[18,123871,57015],{},[830,123873,8319,123875,123877],{"id":123874},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,123876,57015],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123879,123880],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[44,123882,123884],{"className":46,"code":123883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123885,123886,123899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123887,123888,123890,123892,123894,123897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123889,34551],{"class":59},[53,123891,64],{"class":63},[53,123893,264],{"class":252},[53,123895,123896],{"class":256},"Aardvark",[53,123898,3239],{"class":252},[53,123900,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123902,115],{"class":114},[53,123904,102],{"class":67},[53,123906,34572],{"class":98},[53,123908,95],{"class":67},[53,123910,41122],{"class":98},[53,123912,102],{"class":67},[53,123914,253],{"class":252},[53,123916,183],{"class":256},[53,123918,253],{"class":252},[53,123920,1907],{"class":67},[14,123922,328],{},[44,123924,123925],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,123926,123927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123928,123929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123930,16921],{"class":71},[14,123932,123533,123933,123935],{},[18,123934,123744],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123937,123938],{},"If needed, convert first:",[44,123940,123942],{"className":46,"code":123941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123943,123944,123956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123945,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123947,34551],{"class":59},[53,123949,64],{"class":63},[53,123951,264],{"class":252},[53,123953,123896],{"class":256},[53,123955,3239],{"class":252},[53,123957,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,123959,115],{"class":114},[53,123961,102],{"class":67},[53,123963,34572],{"class":98},[53,123965,95],{"class":67},[53,123967,8507],{"class":98},[53,123969,8504],{"class":67},[53,123971,41122],{"class":98},[53,123973,102],{"class":67},[53,123975,253],{"class":252},[53,123977,183],{"class":256},[53,123979,253],{"class":252},[53,123981,1907],{"class":67},[830,123983,123985],{"id":123984},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,123987,123988],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[44,123990,123992],{"className":46,"code":123991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,123993,123994,124006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123997,34551],{"class":59},[53,123999,64],{"class":63},[53,124001,264],{"class":252},[53,124003,267],{"class":256},[53,124005,3239],{"class":252},[53,124007,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124009,115],{"class":114},[53,124011,102],{"class":67},[53,124013,34572],{"class":98},[53,124015,95],{"class":67},[53,124017,41122],{"class":98},[53,124019,102],{"class":67},[53,124021,183],{"class":98},[53,124023,1907],{"class":67},[14,124025,124026,124027,95],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124028,183],{},[14,124030,1143],{},[44,124032,124034],{"className":46,"code":124033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124035,124036,124048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124037,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124039,34551],{"class":59},[53,124041,64],{"class":63},[53,124043,264],{"class":252},[53,124045,267],{"class":256},[53,124047,3239],{"class":252},[53,124049,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124051,115],{"class":114},[53,124053,102],{"class":67},[53,124055,34572],{"class":98},[53,124057,95],{"class":67},[53,124059,41122],{"class":98},[53,124061,102],{"class":67},[53,124063,253],{"class":252},[53,124065,183],{"class":256},[53,124067,253],{"class":252},[53,124069,1907],{"class":67},[830,124071,37066,124073,8572,124075,2758,124078],{"id":124072},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124074,57015],{},[18,124076,124077],{},"find()",[18,124079,58693],{},[14,124081,131,124082,124084,124085,95],{},[18,124083,57015],{}," when you need the ",[23,124086,124087],{},"number of matches",[14,124089,131,124090,124084,124095,124097],{},[183,124091,124093],{"href":124092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124094,124077],{},[23,124096,64673],{}," of the first match.",[14,124099,131,124100,124105],{},[183,124101,124103],{"href":124102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124104,58693],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[830,124107,124109],{"id":124108},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124111,124112,124114],{},[18,124113,57015],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124116,235],{},[44,124118,124120],{"className":46,"code":124119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124121,124122,124135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124123,124124,124126,124128,124130,124133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124125,34551],{"class":59},[53,124127,64],{"class":63},[53,124129,264],{"class":252},[53,124131,124132],{"class":256},"aaaa",[53,124134,3239],{"class":252},[53,124136,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149,124151,124154,124156],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124138,115],{"class":114},[53,124140,102],{"class":67},[53,124142,34572],{"class":98},[53,124144,95],{"class":67},[53,124146,41122],{"class":98},[53,124148,102],{"class":67},[53,124150,253],{"class":252},[53,124152,124153],{"class":256},"aa",[53,124155,253],{"class":252},[53,124157,1907],{"class":67},[14,124159,328],{},[44,124161,124162],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,124163,124164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124165,124166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124167,16921],{"class":71},[14,124169,124170,124171,95],{},"It does not return ",[18,124172,754],{},[14,124174,124175],{},"Why not?",[14,124177,124178],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[140,124180,124181,124190],{},[143,124182,124183,124186,124187],{},[18,124184,124185],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124188,124189],{},"0-1",[143,124191,124192,124186,124194],{},[18,124193,124185],{},[18,124195,124196],{},"2-3",[14,124198,124199,124200,95],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124201,124202],{},"1-2",[39,124204,4835,124205],{"id":58098},[18,124206,57015],{},[14,124208,131,124209,124211],{},[18,124210,57015],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124213,124214],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[140,124216,124217,124226,124236,124246],{},[143,124218,131,124219,124221,124222,124225],{},[18,124220,57015],{}," when you need ",[23,124223,124224],{},"how many times"," something appears",[143,124227,131,124228,124221,124232,124235],{},[183,124229,124230],{"href":124092},[18,124231,124077],{},[23,124233,124234],{},"where"," it appears",[143,124237,47673,124238,124242,124243],{},[183,124239,124240,101328],{"href":123337},[18,124241,1565],{}," when you only need to know ",[23,124244,124245],{},"if it exists",[143,124247,131,124248,124254],{},[183,124249,124251],{"href":124250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124252,124253],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[39,124256,25807],{"id":25806},[14,124258,8743,124259,124261],{},[18,124260,57015],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[44,124263,124265],{"className":46,"code":124264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124266,124267,124277,124291,124313,124339],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124268,124269,124271,124273,124275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124270,115],{"class":114},[53,124272,102],{"class":67},[53,124274,34572],{"class":98},[53,124276,108],{"class":67},[53,124278,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124280,115],{"class":114},[53,124282,102],{"class":67},[53,124284,3102],{"class":2782},[53,124286,102],{"class":67},[53,124288,34572],{"class":98},[53,124290,1907],{"class":67},[53,124292,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,124294,115],{"class":114},[53,124296,102],{"class":67},[53,124298,34572],{"class":98},[53,124300,95],{"class":67},[53,124302,41122],{"class":98},[53,124304,102],{"class":67},[53,124306,253],{"class":252},[53,124308,183],{"class":256},[53,124310,253],{"class":252},[53,124312,1907],{"class":67},[53,124314,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,124316,115],{"class":114},[53,124318,102],{"class":67},[53,124320,34572],{"class":98},[53,124322,95],{"class":67},[53,124324,8507],{"class":98},[53,124326,8504],{"class":67},[53,124328,41122],{"class":98},[53,124330,102],{"class":67},[53,124332,253],{"class":252},[53,124334,183],{"class":256},[53,124336,253],{"class":252},[53,124338,1907],{"class":67},[53,124340,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,124342,115],{"class":114},[53,124344,102],{"class":67},[53,124346,34572],{"class":98},[53,124348,95],{"class":67},[53,124350,41122],{"class":98},[53,124352,102],{"class":67},[53,124354,253],{"class":252},[53,124356,123175],{"class":256},[53,124358,253],{"class":252},[53,124360,1907],{"class":67},[14,124362,124363],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[140,124365,124366,124369,124374,124377],{},[143,124367,124368],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[143,124370,124371,124373],{},[18,124372,34572],{}," not being a string",[143,124375,124376],{},"counting the wrong substring",[143,124378,124379],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124381,58587],{},[140,124383,124384,124387,124390,124393],{},[143,124385,124386],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[143,124388,124389],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[143,124391,124392],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[143,124394,50355,124395,44492,124397,2758,124399,73038],{},[18,124396,57015],{},[18,124398,124077],{},[18,124400,1565],{},[39,124402,1650],{"id":1649},[830,124404,124406,124407,124409],{"id":124405},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124408,57015],{}," change the original string?",[14,124411,124412],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[830,124414,14766,124416,124418],{"id":124415},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124417,57015],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124420,124421],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[830,124423,5017,124425,124427],{"id":124424},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124426,57015],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124429,5023,124430,95],{},[18,124431,2000],{},[830,124433,5045,124435,124437],{"id":124434},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124436,57015],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124439,124440],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[830,124442,12570,124444,124446],{"id":124443},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124445,57015],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124448,124449],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[39,124451,1782],{"id":1781},[140,124453,124454,124461,124468,124475,124482],{},[143,124455,124456],{},[183,124457,124458],{"href":124092},[18,124459,124460],{},"Python string find() method",[143,124462,124463],{},[183,124464,124465],{"href":124102},[18,124466,124467],{},"Python string index() method",[143,124469,124470],{},[183,124471,124472],{"href":123809},[18,124473,124474],{},"Python string lower() method",[143,124476,124477],{},[183,124478,124479],{"href":123337},[18,124480,124481],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[143,124483,124484],{},[183,124485,124486],{"href":124250},[18,124487,124488],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1810,124490,124491],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":124493},[124494,124495,124497,124500,124501,124502,124503,124506,124507,124515,124516,124517,124529],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":123203,"depth":89,"text":124496},"What the count() method does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":124498},[124499],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":123419,"depth":89,"text":123420},{"id":65133,"depth":89,"text":65916,"children":124504},[124505],{"id":123640,"depth":111,"text":123641},{"id":123728,"depth":89,"text":123729},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":124508},[124509,124511,124512,124514],{"id":123874,"depth":111,"text":124510},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123984,"depth":111,"text":123985},{"id":124072,"depth":111,"text":124513},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124108,"depth":111,"text":124109},{"id":58098,"depth":89,"text":58729},{"id":25806,"depth":89,"text":25807},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":124518},[124519,124521,124523,124525,124527],{"id":124405,"depth":111,"text":124520},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124415,"depth":111,"text":124522},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124424,"depth":111,"text":124524},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124434,"depth":111,"text":124526},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124443,"depth":111,"text":124528},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123076,"description":124530},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124537,"title":124538,"body":124539,"description":126124,"extension":1841,"meta":126125,"navigation":301,"path":126126,"seo":126127,"stem":126128,"__hash__":126129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124540,"toc":126097},[124541,124544,124547,124644,124653,124655,124674,124678,124681,124684,124697,124700,124729,124734,124739,124797,124799,124832,124838,124842,124845,124848,124877,124880,124907,124910,124913,124917,124920,124927,124990,124992,125010,125013,125017,125020,125023,125065,125068,125112,125115,125118,125122,125127,125130,125173,125175,125198,125201,125234,125237,125286,125296,125300,125303,125306,125335,125338,125349,125351,125410,125413,125417,125420,125423,125438,125447,125450,125484,125487,125514,125517,125524,125526,125529,125531,125534,125548,125557,125559,125586,125590,125593,125607,125610,125669,125673,125676,125703,125706,125733,125741,125744,125804,125806,125839,125843,125846,125865,125870,125919,125924,125926,125929,125988,126006,126008,126012,126020,126024,126027,126031,126037,126041,126051,126055,126058,126060,126094],[10,124542,124538],{"id":124543},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124545,124546],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[44,124548,124550],{"className":46,"code":124549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124551,124552,124564,124576,124585,124599,124603,124613,124623,124634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124553,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124555,7743],{"class":59},[53,124557,64],{"class":63},[53,124559,264],{"class":252},[53,124561,4878],{"class":256},[53,124563,3239],{"class":252},[53,124565,124566,124568,124570,124572,124574],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124567,89734],{"class":59},[53,124569,64],{"class":63},[53,124571,350],{"class":252},[53,124573,34731],{"class":256},[53,124575,29566],{"class":252},[53,124577,124578,124581,124583],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,124579,124580],{"class":59},"empty ",[53,124582,64],{"class":63},[53,124584,7748],{"class":252},[53,124586,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595,124597],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,124588,34551],{"class":59},[53,124590,64],{"class":63},[53,124592,48767],{"class":2782},[53,124594,102],{"class":67},[53,124596,50109],{"class":71},[53,124598,108],{"class":67},[53,124600,124601],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,124602,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,124604,124605,124607,124609,124611],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,124606,115],{"class":114},[53,124608,102],{"class":67},[53,124610,592],{"class":98},[53,124612,108],{"class":67},[53,124614,124615,124617,124619,124621],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,124616,115],{"class":114},[53,124618,102],{"class":67},[53,124620,89751],{"class":98},[53,124622,108],{"class":67},[53,124624,124625,124627,124629,124632],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,124626,115],{"class":114},[53,124628,102],{"class":67},[53,124630,124631],{"class":98},"empty",[53,124633,108],{"class":67},[53,124635,124636,124638,124640,124642],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,124637,115],{"class":114},[53,124639,102],{"class":67},[53,124641,34572],{"class":98},[53,124643,108],{"class":67},[14,124645,124646,124649,124650,124652],{},[23,124647,124648],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124651,47546],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[39,124654,15026],{"id":15025},[140,124656,124657,124660,124663,124666,124671],{},[143,124658,124659],{},"What a string is in Python",[143,124661,124662],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[143,124664,124665],{},"How to create an empty string",[143,124667,124668,124669],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124670,47546],{},[143,124672,124673],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[39,124675,124677],{"id":124676},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124679,124680],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124682,124683],{},"Strings can contain:",[140,124685,124686,124689,124691,124694],{},[143,124687,124688],{},"Letters",[143,124690,56186],{},[143,124692,124693],{},"Spaces",[143,124695,124696],{},"Symbols",[14,124698,124699],{},"Examples of strings:",[44,124701,124703],{"className":46,"code":124702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124704,124705,124713,124721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124706,124707,124709,124711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124708,253],{"class":43190},[53,124710,556],{"class":43194},[53,124712,3239],{"class":43190},[53,124714,124715,124717,124719],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124716,253],{"class":43190},[53,124718,50109],{"class":43194},[53,124720,3239],{"class":43190},[53,124722,124723,124725,124727],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,124724,253],{"class":43190},[53,124726,88876],{"class":43194},[53,124728,3239],{"class":43190},[14,124730,20842,124731,124733],{},[18,124732,50159],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124735,124736,124737,597],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124738,2181],{},[44,124740,124742],{"className":46,"code":124741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124743,124744,124756,124765,124769,124783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124745,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124747,34551],{"class":59},[53,124749,64],{"class":63},[53,124751,264],{"class":252},[53,124753,50109],{"class":256},[53,124755,3239],{"class":252},[53,124757,124758,124760,124762],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124759,1594],{"class":59},[53,124761,64],{"class":63},[53,124763,124764],{"class":71}," 123\n",[53,124766,124767],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,124768,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,124770,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,124772,115],{"class":114},[53,124774,102],{"class":67},[53,124776,3102],{"class":2782},[53,124778,102],{"class":67},[53,124780,34572],{"class":98},[53,124782,1907],{"class":67},[53,124784,124785,124787,124789,124791,124793,124795],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,124786,115],{"class":114},[53,124788,102],{"class":67},[53,124790,3102],{"class":2782},[53,124792,102],{"class":67},[53,124794,2120],{"class":98},[53,124796,1907],{"class":67},[14,124798,328],{},[44,124800,124802],{"className":46,"code":124801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,124803,124804,124818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124805,124806,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124807,3171],{"class":63},[53,124809,3174],{"class":1945},[53,124811,350],{"class":252},[53,124813,3324],{"class":256},[53,124815,341],{"class":252},[53,124817,3183],{"class":63},[53,124819,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828,124830],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124821,3171],{"class":63},[53,124823,3174],{"class":1945},[53,124825,350],{"class":252},[53,124827,2071],{"class":256},[53,124829,341],{"class":252},[53,124831,3183],{"class":63},[14,124833,124834,124835,95],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[183,124836,124837],{"href":50839},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[39,124839,124841],{"id":124840},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124843,124844],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124846,124847],{},"You can use single quotes:",[44,124849,124851],{"className":46,"code":124850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124852,124853,124866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124854,124855,124858,124860,124862,124864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124856,124857],{"class":59},"greeting ",[53,124859,64],{"class":63},[53,124861,350],{"class":252},[53,124863,556],{"class":256},[53,124865,29566],{"class":252},[53,124867,124868,124870,124872,124875],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124869,115],{"class":114},[53,124871,102],{"class":67},[53,124873,124874],{"class":98},"greeting",[53,124876,108],{"class":67},[14,124878,124879],{},"Or double quotes:",[44,124881,124883],{"className":46,"code":124882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124884,124885,124897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124886,124887,124889,124891,124893,124895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124888,124857],{"class":59},[53,124890,64],{"class":63},[53,124892,264],{"class":252},[53,124894,556],{"class":256},[53,124896,3239],{"class":252},[53,124898,124899,124901,124903,124905],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124900,115],{"class":114},[53,124902,102],{"class":67},[53,124904,124874],{"class":98},[53,124906,108],{"class":67},[14,124908,124909],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124911,124912],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[39,124914,124916],{"id":124915},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124918,124919],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124921,124922,124923,2758,124925,597],{},"Use either ",[18,124924,6144],{},[18,124926,3653],{},[44,124928,124930],{"className":46,"code":124929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,124931,124932,124941,124950,124954,124965,124976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124933,124934,124937,124939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124935,124936],{"class":59},"empty1 ",[53,124938,64],{"class":63},[53,124940,7748],{"class":252},[53,124942,124943,124946,124948],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,124944,124945],{"class":59},"empty2 ",[53,124947,64],{"class":63},[53,124949,47358],{"class":252},[53,124951,124952],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,124953,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,124955,124956,124958,124960,124963],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,124957,115],{"class":114},[53,124959,102],{"class":67},[53,124961,124962],{"class":98},"empty1",[53,124964,108],{"class":67},[53,124966,124967,124969,124971,124974],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,124968,115],{"class":114},[53,124970,102],{"class":67},[53,124972,124973],{"class":98},"empty2",[53,124975,108],{"class":67},[53,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984,124986,124988],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,124979,115],{"class":114},[53,124981,102],{"class":67},[53,124983,3102],{"class":2782},[53,124985,102],{"class":67},[53,124987,124962],{"class":98},[53,124989,1907],{"class":67},[14,124991,328],{},[44,124993,124994],{"className":46,"code":45633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,124995,124996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124999,3171],{"class":63},[53,125001,3174],{"class":1945},[53,125003,350],{"class":252},[53,125005,3324],{"class":256},[53,125007,341],{"class":252},[53,125009,3183],{"class":63},[14,125011,125012],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[39,125014,125016],{"id":125015},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125018,125019],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125021,125022],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[44,125024,125026],{"className":46,"code":125025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125027,125028,125039,125044,125051,125055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125029,125030,125032,125034,125037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125031,89734],{"class":59},[53,125033,64],{"class":63},[53,125035,125036],{"class":252}," \"\"\"",[53,125038,88676],{"class":256},[53,125040,125041],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125042,125043],{"class":256},"Welcome to Python\n",[53,125045,125046,125049],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125047,125048],{"class":256},"Have a nice day",[53,125050,43198],{"class":252},[53,125052,125053],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125054,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125056,125057,125059,125061,125063],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125058,115],{"class":114},[53,125060,102],{"class":67},[53,125062,89751],{"class":98},[53,125064,108],{"class":67},[14,125066,125067],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[44,125069,125071],{"className":46,"code":125070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125072,125073,125085,125090,125098,125102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125074,125075,125077,125079,125082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125076,89734],{"class":59},[53,125078,64],{"class":63},[53,125080,125081],{"class":252}," '''",[53,125083,125084],{"class":256},"Line 1\n",[53,125086,125087],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125088,125089],{"class":256},"Line 2\n",[53,125091,125092,125095],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125093,125094],{"class":256},"Line 3",[53,125096,125097],{"class":252},"'''\n",[53,125099,125100],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125101,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125103,125104,125106,125108,125110],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125105,115],{"class":114},[53,125107,102],{"class":67},[53,125109,89751],{"class":98},[53,125111,108],{"class":67},[14,125113,125114],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125116,125117],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[39,125119,125121],{"id":125120},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125123,16,125124,125126],{},[18,125125,47546],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125128,125129],{},"Example with a number:",[44,125131,125133],{"className":46,"code":125132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125134,125135,125149,125159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125136,125137,125139,125141,125143,125145,125147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125138,34551],{"class":59},[53,125140,64],{"class":63},[53,125142,48767],{"class":2782},[53,125144,102],{"class":67},[53,125146,46388],{"class":71},[53,125148,108],{"class":67},[53,125150,125151,125153,125155,125157],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125152,115],{"class":114},[53,125154,102],{"class":67},[53,125156,34572],{"class":98},[53,125158,108],{"class":67},[53,125160,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169,125171],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125162,115],{"class":114},[53,125164,102],{"class":67},[53,125166,3102],{"class":2782},[53,125168,102],{"class":67},[53,125170,34572],{"class":98},[53,125172,1907],{"class":67},[14,125174,328],{},[44,125176,125178],{"className":46,"code":125177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125179,125180,125184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125181,125182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125183,46474],{"class":71},[53,125185,125186,125188,125190,125192,125194,125196],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125187,3171],{"class":63},[53,125189,3174],{"class":1945},[53,125191,350],{"class":252},[53,125193,3324],{"class":256},[53,125195,341],{"class":252},[53,125197,3183],{"class":63},[14,125199,125200],{},"You can also convert other values:",[44,125202,125204],{"className":46,"code":125203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125205,125206,125220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125207,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216,125218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125209,115],{"class":114},[53,125211,102],{"class":67},[53,125213,3324],{"class":2782},[53,125215,102],{"class":67},[53,125217,573],{"class":369},[53,125219,1907],{"class":67},[53,125221,125222,125224,125226,125228,125230,125232],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125223,115],{"class":114},[53,125225,102],{"class":67},[53,125227,3324],{"class":2782},[53,125229,102],{"class":67},[53,125231,40006],{"class":71},[53,125233,1907],{"class":67},[14,125235,125236],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[44,125238,125240],{"className":46,"code":125239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125241,125242,125250,125272,125276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125243,125244,125246,125248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125245,21493],{"class":59},[53,125247,64],{"class":63},[53,125249,45088],{"class":71},[53,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125253,89734],{"class":59},[53,125255,64],{"class":63},[53,125257,264],{"class":252},[53,125259,89152],{"class":256},[53,125261,253],{"class":252},[53,125263,2332],{"class":63},[53,125265,48767],{"class":2782},[53,125267,102],{"class":67},[53,125269,9166],{"class":98},[53,125271,108],{"class":67},[53,125273,125274],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125275,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125277,125278,125280,125282,125284],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125279,115],{"class":114},[53,125281,102],{"class":67},[53,125283,89751],{"class":98},[53,125285,108],{"class":67},[14,125287,125288,125289,2758,125293,95],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[183,125290,3457,125291,3390],{"href":42037},[18,125292,47546],{},[183,125294,125295],{"href":123007},"how to convert int to string in Python",[39,125297,125299],{"id":125298},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125301,125302],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125304,125305],{},"Both of these are valid:",[44,125307,125309],{"className":46,"code":125308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125310,125311,125323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125312,125313,125315,125317,125319,125321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125314,2432],{"class":59},[53,125316,64],{"class":63},[53,125318,350],{"class":252},[53,125320,7166],{"class":256},[53,125322,29566],{"class":252},[53,125324,125325,125327,125329,125331,125333],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125326,2460],{"class":59},[53,125328,64],{"class":63},[53,125330,264],{"class":252},[53,125332,7166],{"class":256},[53,125334,3239],{"class":252},[14,125336,125337],{},"A common rule is:",[140,125339,125340,125343,125346],{},[143,125341,125342],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[143,125344,125345],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[143,125347,125348],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125350,235],{},[44,125352,125354],{"className":46,"code":125353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125355,125356,125370,125384,125388,125399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125357,125358,125361,125363,125365,125368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125359,125360],{"class":59},"text1 ",[53,125362,64],{"class":63},[53,125364,264],{"class":252},[53,125366,125367],{"class":256},"It's working",[53,125369,3239],{"class":252},[53,125371,125372,125375,125377,125379,125382],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125373,125374],{"class":59},"text2 ",[53,125376,64],{"class":63},[53,125378,350],{"class":252},[53,125380,125381],{"class":256},"She said \"hello\"",[53,125383,29566],{"class":252},[53,125385,125386],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125387,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125389,125390,125392,125394,125397],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125391,115],{"class":114},[53,125393,102],{"class":67},[53,125395,125396],{"class":98},"text1",[53,125398,108],{"class":67},[53,125400,125401,125403,125405,125408],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125402,115],{"class":114},[53,125404,102],{"class":67},[53,125406,125407],{"class":98},"text2",[53,125409,108],{"class":67},[14,125411,125412],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[39,125414,125416],{"id":125415},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125418,125419],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125421,125422],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[44,125424,125426],{"className":46,"code":125425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125427,125428,125433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125429,125430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125431,125432],{"class":127},"# This will cause an error\n",[53,125434,125435],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125436,125437],{"class":127},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125439,125440,125441,35194,125443,125446],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125442,341],{},[18,125444,125445],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125448,125449],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[44,125451,125453],{"className":46,"code":125452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125454,125455,125474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125456,125457,125459,125461,125463,125466,125469,125472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125458,34551],{"class":59},[53,125460,64],{"class":63},[53,125462,350],{"class":252},[53,125464,125465],{"class":256},"It",[53,125467,125468],{"class":34317},"\\'",[53,125470,125471],{"class":256},"s working",[53,125473,29566],{"class":252},[53,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125477,115],{"class":114},[53,125479,102],{"class":67},[53,125481,34572],{"class":98},[53,125483,108],{"class":67},[14,125485,125486],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[44,125488,125490],{"className":46,"code":125489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125491,125492,125504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125493,125494,125496,125498,125500,125502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125495,34551],{"class":59},[53,125497,64],{"class":63},[53,125499,264],{"class":252},[53,125501,125367],{"class":256},[53,125503,3239],{"class":252},[53,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125507,115],{"class":114},[53,125509,102],{"class":67},[53,125511,34572],{"class":98},[53,125513,108],{"class":67},[14,125515,125516],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125518,125519,125520,95],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[183,125521,125523],{"href":125522},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[39,125525,2709],{"id":2708},[14,125527,125528],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[830,125530,89941],{"id":89940},[14,125532,125533],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[44,125535,125537],{"className":46,"code":125536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125538,125539,125543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125540,125541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125542,125432],{"class":127},[53,125544,125545],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125546,125547],{"class":127},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125549,125550,125551,8468,125554,125556],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125552,125553],{},"NameError",[18,125555,4878],{}," is not defined.",[14,125558,1143],{},[44,125560,125562],{"className":46,"code":125561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125563,125564,125576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125565,125566,125568,125570,125572,125574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125567,7743],{"class":59},[53,125569,64],{"class":63},[53,125571,264],{"class":252},[53,125573,4878],{"class":256},[53,125575,3239],{"class":252},[53,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125579,115],{"class":114},[53,125581,102],{"class":67},[53,125583,592],{"class":98},[53,125585,108],{"class":67},[830,125587,125589],{"id":125588},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125591,125592],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[44,125594,125596],{"className":46,"code":125595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125597,125598,125602],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125599,125600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125601,125432],{"class":127},[53,125603,125604],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125605,125606],{"class":127},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125608,125609],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[44,125611,125613],{"className":46,"code":125612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125614,125615,125632,125645,125649,125659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623,125625,125627,125630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125618,125360],{"class":59},[53,125620,64],{"class":63},[53,125622,350],{"class":252},[53,125624,125465],{"class":256},[53,125626,125468],{"class":34317},[53,125628,125629],{"class":256},"s good",[53,125631,29566],{"class":252},[53,125633,125634,125636,125638,125640,125643],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125635,125374],{"class":59},[53,125637,64],{"class":63},[53,125639,264],{"class":252},[53,125641,125642],{"class":256},"It's good",[53,125644,3239],{"class":252},[53,125646,125647],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125648,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125650,125651,125653,125655,125657],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125652,115],{"class":114},[53,125654,102],{"class":67},[53,125656,125396],{"class":98},[53,125658,108],{"class":67},[53,125660,125661,125663,125665,125667],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125662,115],{"class":114},[53,125664,102],{"class":67},[53,125666,125407],{"class":98},[53,125668,108],{"class":67},[830,125670,125672],{"id":125671},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125674,125675],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[44,125677,125679],{"className":46,"code":125678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125684,34551],{"class":59},[53,125686,64],{"class":63},[53,125688,125036],{"class":252},[53,125690,556],{"class":256},[53,125692,43198],{"class":252},[53,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125696,115],{"class":114},[53,125698,102],{"class":67},[53,125700,34572],{"class":98},[53,125702,108],{"class":67},[14,125704,125705],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[44,125707,125709],{"className":46,"code":125708,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125710,125711,125723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125712,125713,125715,125717,125719,125721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125714,34551],{"class":59},[53,125716,64],{"class":63},[53,125718,264],{"class":252},[53,125720,556],{"class":256},[53,125722,3239],{"class":252},[53,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125726,115],{"class":114},[53,125728,102],{"class":67},[53,125730,34572],{"class":98},[53,125732,108],{"class":67},[830,125734,4454,125736,4269,125738,125740],{"id":125735},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125737,50109],{},[18,125739,50159],{}," are the same type",[14,125742,125743],{},"They are different:",[44,125745,125747],{"className":46,"code":125746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125748,125749,125758,125771,125775,125789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125750,125751,125754,125756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125752,125753],{"class":59},"value1 ",[53,125755,64],{"class":63},[53,125757,124764],{"class":71},[53,125759,125760,125763,125765,125767,125769],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125761,125762],{"class":59},"value2 ",[53,125764,64],{"class":63},[53,125766,264],{"class":252},[53,125768,50109],{"class":256},[53,125770,3239],{"class":252},[53,125772,125773],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125774,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125776,125777,125779,125781,125783,125785,125787],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125778,115],{"class":114},[53,125780,102],{"class":67},[53,125782,3102],{"class":2782},[53,125784,102],{"class":67},[53,125786,84497],{"class":98},[53,125788,1907],{"class":67},[53,125790,125791,125793,125795,125797,125799,125802],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125792,115],{"class":114},[53,125794,102],{"class":67},[53,125796,3102],{"class":2782},[53,125798,102],{"class":67},[53,125800,125801],{"class":98},"value2",[53,125803,1907],{"class":67},[14,125805,328],{},[44,125807,125809],{"className":46,"code":125808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125810,125811,125825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125812,125813,125815,125817,125819,125821,125823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125814,3171],{"class":63},[53,125816,3174],{"class":1945},[53,125818,350],{"class":252},[53,125820,2071],{"class":256},[53,125822,341],{"class":252},[53,125824,3183],{"class":63},[53,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835,125837],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125828,3171],{"class":63},[53,125830,3174],{"class":1945},[53,125832,350],{"class":252},[53,125834,3324],{"class":256},[53,125836,341],{"class":252},[53,125838,3183],{"class":63},[830,125840,125842],{"id":125841},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125844,125845],{},"This causes a type error:",[44,125847,125849],{"className":46,"code":125848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,125850,125851,125855,125860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125852,125853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125854,125432],{"class":127},[53,125856,125857],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125858,125859],{"class":127},"# age = 10\n",[53,125861,125862],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125863,125864],{"class":127},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125866,125867,125868,597],{},"Fix it with ",[18,125869,47546],{},[44,125871,125873],{"className":46,"code":125872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125874,125875,125883,125905,125909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125876,125877,125879,125881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125878,21493],{"class":59},[53,125880,64],{"class":63},[53,125882,2465],{"class":71},[53,125884,125885,125887,125889,125891,125893,125895,125897,125899,125901,125903],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125886,89734],{"class":59},[53,125888,64],{"class":63},[53,125890,264],{"class":252},[53,125892,89152],{"class":256},[53,125894,253],{"class":252},[53,125896,2332],{"class":63},[53,125898,48767],{"class":2782},[53,125900,102],{"class":67},[53,125902,9166],{"class":98},[53,125904,108],{"class":67},[53,125906,125907],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125908,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125910,125911,125913,125915,125917],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125912,115],{"class":114},[53,125914,102],{"class":67},[53,125916,89751],{"class":98},[53,125918,108],{"class":67},[14,125920,125921,125922,95],{},"For this specific error, see ",[183,125923,90133],{"href":90132},[830,125925,60436],{"id":60435},[14,125927,125928],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[44,125930,125932],{"className":46,"code":125931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,125933,125934,125946,125950,125960,125974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125937,34551],{"class":59},[53,125939,64],{"class":63},[53,125941,264],{"class":252},[53,125943,556],{"class":256},[53,125945,3239],{"class":252},[53,125947,125948],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,125949,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,125951,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,125953,115],{"class":114},[53,125955,102],{"class":67},[53,125957,34572],{"class":98},[53,125959,108],{"class":67},[53,125961,125962,125964,125966,125968,125970,125972],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,125963,115],{"class":114},[53,125965,102],{"class":67},[53,125967,3102],{"class":2782},[53,125969,102],{"class":67},[53,125971,34572],{"class":98},[53,125973,1907],{"class":67},[53,125975,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984,125986],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,125977,115],{"class":114},[53,125979,102],{"class":67},[53,125981,41642],{"class":114},[53,125983,102],{"class":67},[53,125985,34572],{"class":98},[53,125987,1907],{"class":67},[140,125989,125990,125995,126000],{},[143,125991,125992,46141],{},[18,125993,125994],{},"print(text)",[143,125996,125997,46146],{},[18,125998,125999],{},"print(type(text))",[143,126001,126002,126005],{},[18,126003,126004],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[39,126007,1650],{"id":1649},[830,126009,126011],{"id":126010},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126013,126014,126015,2758,126018,95],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126016,126017],{},"'hello'",[18,126019,64261],{},[830,126021,126023],{"id":126022},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126025,126026],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[830,126028,126030],{"id":126029},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126032,131,126033,2758,126035,95],{},[18,126034,6144],{},[18,126036,3653],{},[830,126038,126040],{"id":126039},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126042,131,126043,126045,126046,126048,126049,95],{},[18,126044,47546],{},", like ",[18,126047,80107],{},", which returns ",[18,126050,41989],{},[830,126052,126054],{"id":126053},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126056,126057],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[39,126059,1782],{"id":1781},[140,126061,126062,126066,126072,126077,126086,126090],{},[143,126063,126064],{},[183,126065,124837],{"href":50839},[143,126067,126068],{},[183,126069,3457,126070,3390],{"href":42037},[18,126071,47546],{},[143,126073,126074],{},[183,126075,126076],{"href":123007},"How to convert int to string in Python",[143,126078,126079],{},[183,126080,126082,126083,10608],{"href":126081},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126084,126085],{},"format()",[143,126087,126088],{},[183,126089,125523],{"href":125522},[143,126091,126092],{},[183,126093,90133],{"href":90132},[1810,126095,126096],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":126098},[126099,126100,126101,126102,126103,126104,126105,126106,126107,126116,126123],{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":124676,"depth":89,"text":124677},{"id":124840,"depth":89,"text":124841},{"id":124915,"depth":89,"text":124916},{"id":125015,"depth":89,"text":125016},{"id":125120,"depth":89,"text":125121},{"id":125298,"depth":89,"text":125299},{"id":125415,"depth":89,"text":125416},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":126108},[126109,126110,126111,126112,126114,126115],{"id":89940,"depth":111,"text":89941},{"id":125588,"depth":111,"text":125589},{"id":125671,"depth":111,"text":125672},{"id":125735,"depth":111,"text":126113},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125841,"depth":111,"text":125842},{"id":60435,"depth":111,"text":60436},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":126117},[126118,126119,126120,126121,126122],{"id":126010,"depth":111,"text":126011},{"id":126022,"depth":111,"text":126023},{"id":126029,"depth":111,"text":126030},{"id":126039,"depth":111,"text":126040},{"id":126053,"depth":111,"text":126054},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124538,"description":126124},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126131,"title":126132,"body":126133,"description":128047,"extension":1841,"meta":128048,"navigation":301,"path":128049,"seo":128050,"stem":128051,"__hash__":128052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126134,"toc":128008},[126135,126141,126146,126154,126156,126223,126225,126237,126246,126251,126255,126272,126274,126339,126341,126353,126358,126360,126388,126409,126412,126451,126453,126461,126465,126469,126473,126481,126484,126525,126527,126535,126538,126595,126597,126605,126609,126614,126658,126660,126668,126677,126681,126686,126734,126736,126744,126750,126752,126756,126768,126773,126852,126854,126874,126878,126882,126922,126924,126932,126936,126979,126981,126989,126993,127033,127035,127043,127047,127103,127105,127113,127119,127121,127125,127135,127202,127204,127217,127224,127267,127269,127277,127281,127284,127340,127342,127350,127353,127355,127432,127434,127442,127451,127453,127457,127461,127463,127485,127488,127535,127539,127578,127580,127588,127590,127632,127639,127644,127706,127708,127720,127726,127731,127780,127782,127801,127807,127809,127828,127830,127921,127923,127929,127936,127942,127948,127953,127962,127969,127977,127979,128005],[10,126136,123082,126138,11190],{"id":126137},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126139,126140],{},"endswith()",[14,126142,123087,126143,126145],{},[18,126144,126140],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126147,126148,126149,2758,126151,126153],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126150,573],{},[18,126152,3552],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[39,126155,1882],{"id":1881},[44,126157,126159],{"className":46,"code":126158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126160,126161,126175,126200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126162,126163,126166,126168,126170,126173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126164,126165],{"class":59},"filename ",[53,126167,64],{"class":63},[53,126169,264],{"class":252},[53,126171,126172],{"class":256},"report.csv",[53,126174,3239],{"class":252},[53,126176,126177,126179,126181,126184,126186,126189,126191,126193,126196,126198],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126178,115],{"class":114},[53,126180,102],{"class":67},[53,126182,126183],{"class":98},"filename",[53,126185,95],{"class":67},[53,126187,126188],{"class":98},"endswith",[53,126190,102],{"class":67},[53,126192,253],{"class":252},[53,126194,126195],{"class":256},".csv",[53,126197,253],{"class":252},[53,126199,1907],{"class":67},[53,126201,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210,126212,126214,126216,126219,126221],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,126203,115],{"class":114},[53,126205,102],{"class":67},[53,126207,126183],{"class":98},[53,126209,95],{"class":67},[53,126211,126188],{"class":98},[53,126213,102],{"class":67},[53,126215,253],{"class":252},[53,126217,126218],{"class":256},".txt",[53,126220,253],{"class":252},[53,126222,1907],{"class":67},[14,126224,328],{},[44,126226,126227],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126228,126229,126233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126230,126231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126232,3855],{"class":369},[53,126234,126235],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126236,3916],{"class":369},[14,126238,131,126239,5244,126241,2758,126243,126245],{},[18,126240,126140],{},[18,126242,573],{},[18,126244,3552],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[39,126247,3556,126249,3559],{"id":126248},"what-endswith-does",[18,126250,126140],{},[14,126252,126253,597],{},[18,126254,126140],{},[140,126256,126257,126260,126266,126269],{},[143,126258,126259],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[143,126261,11292,126262,2758,126264],{},[18,126263,573],{},[18,126265,3552],{},[143,126267,126268],{},"Does not change the original string",[143,126270,126271],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126273,235],{},[44,126275,126277],{"className":46,"code":126276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126278,126279,126291,126295,126317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126282,34551],{"class":59},[53,126284,64],{"class":63},[53,126286,264],{"class":252},[53,126288,60132],{"class":256},[53,126290,3239],{"class":252},[53,126292,126293],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126294,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,126296,126297,126299,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,126298,115],{"class":114},[53,126300,102],{"class":67},[53,126302,34572],{"class":98},[53,126304,95],{"class":67},[53,126306,126188],{"class":98},[53,126308,102],{"class":67},[53,126310,253],{"class":252},[53,126312,60317],{"class":256},[53,126314,253],{"class":252},[53,126316,1907],{"class":67},[53,126318,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331,126333,126335,126337],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,126320,115],{"class":114},[53,126322,102],{"class":67},[53,126324,34572],{"class":98},[53,126326,95],{"class":67},[53,126328,126188],{"class":98},[53,126330,102],{"class":67},[53,126332,253],{"class":252},[53,126334,556],{"class":256},[53,126336,253],{"class":252},[53,126338,1907],{"class":67},[14,126340,328],{},[44,126342,126343],{"className":46,"code":44036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126344,126345,126349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126346,126347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126348,3855],{"class":369},[53,126350,126351],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126352,3916],{"class":369},[14,126354,126355,126356,95],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[183,126357,124837],{"href":50839},[39,126359,2039],{"id":2038},[44,126361,126363],{"className":46,"code":126362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126364,126365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126366,126367,126369,126371,126373,126375,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126368,60900],{"class":59},[53,126370,95],{"class":67},[53,126372,126188],{"class":98},[53,126374,102],{"class":67},[53,126376,126377],{"class":98},"suffix",[53,126379,75],{"class":67},[53,126381,35917],{"class":98},[53,126383,75],{"class":67},[53,126385,64767],{"class":98},[53,126387,108],{"class":67},[140,126389,126390,126395,126402],{},[143,126391,126392,126394],{},[18,126393,126377],{}," is required",[143,126396,126397,4269,126399,126401],{},[18,126398,35938],{},[18,126400,29],{}," are optional",[143,126403,126404,4269,126406,126408],{},[18,126405,35938],{},[18,126407,29],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126410,126411],{},"Basic example:",[44,126413,126415],{"className":46,"code":126414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126416,126417,126429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126420,126165],{"class":59},[53,126422,64],{"class":63},[53,126424,264],{"class":252},[53,126426,86622],{"class":256},[53,126428,3239],{"class":252},[53,126430,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447,126449],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126432,115],{"class":114},[53,126434,102],{"class":67},[53,126436,126183],{"class":98},[53,126438,95],{"class":67},[53,126440,126188],{"class":98},[53,126442,102],{"class":67},[53,126444,253],{"class":252},[53,126446,126218],{"class":256},[53,126448,253],{"class":252},[53,126450,1907],{"class":67},[14,126452,328],{},[44,126454,126455],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126456,126457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126458,126459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126460,3855],{"class":369},[39,126462,126464],{"id":126463},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[830,126466,126467],{"id":126377},[18,126468,126377],{},[14,126470,126471,30616],{},[18,126472,126377],{},[140,126474,126475,126478],{},[143,126476,126477],{},"A single string",[143,126479,126480],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126482,126483],{},"Single suffix:",[44,126485,126487],{"className":46,"code":126486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126488,126489,126502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126490,126491,126493,126495,126497,126500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126492,7743],{"class":59},[53,126494,64],{"class":63},[53,126496,264],{"class":252},[53,126498,126499],{"class":256},"image.png",[53,126501,3239],{"class":252},[53,126503,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126521,126523],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126505,115],{"class":114},[53,126507,102],{"class":67},[53,126509,592],{"class":98},[53,126511,95],{"class":67},[53,126513,126188],{"class":98},[53,126515,102],{"class":67},[53,126517,253],{"class":252},[53,126519,126520],{"class":256},".png",[53,126522,253],{"class":252},[53,126524,1907],{"class":67},[14,126526,328],{},[44,126528,126529],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126530,126531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126532,126533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126534,3855],{"class":369},[14,126536,126537],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[44,126539,126541],{"className":46,"code":126540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126542,126543,126555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126544,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126546,7743],{"class":59},[53,126548,64],{"class":63},[53,126550,264],{"class":252},[53,126552,126499],{"class":256},[53,126554,3239],{"class":252},[53,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569,126571,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126591,126593],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126558,115],{"class":114},[53,126560,102],{"class":67},[53,126562,592],{"class":98},[53,126564,95],{"class":67},[53,126566,126188],{"class":98},[53,126568,5384],{"class":67},[53,126570,253],{"class":252},[53,126572,126573],{"class":256},".jpg",[53,126575,253],{"class":252},[53,126577,75],{"class":67},[53,126579,264],{"class":252},[53,126581,126520],{"class":256},[53,126583,253],{"class":252},[53,126585,75],{"class":67},[53,126587,264],{"class":252},[53,126589,126590],{"class":256},".gif",[53,126592,253],{"class":252},[53,126594,2793],{"class":67},[14,126596,328],{},[44,126598,126599],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126600,126601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126602,126603],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126604,3855],{"class":369},[830,126606,126607],{"id":35938},[18,126608,35938],{},[14,126610,126611,126613],{},[18,126612,35938],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[44,126615,126617],{"className":46,"code":126616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126618,126619,126632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126620,126621,126623,126625,126627,126630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126622,34551],{"class":59},[53,126624,64],{"class":63},[53,126626,264],{"class":252},[53,126628,126629],{"class":256},"my_report.csv",[53,126631,3239],{"class":252},[53,126633,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126635,115],{"class":114},[53,126637,102],{"class":67},[53,126639,34572],{"class":98},[53,126641,95],{"class":67},[53,126643,126188],{"class":98},[53,126645,102],{"class":67},[53,126647,253],{"class":252},[53,126649,126195],{"class":256},[53,126651,253],{"class":252},[53,126653,75],{"class":67},[53,126655,83],{"class":71},[53,126657,1907],{"class":67},[14,126659,328],{},[44,126661,126662],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126663,126664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126665,126666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126667,3855],{"class":369},[14,126669,126670,126671,126673,126674,95],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126672,754],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126675,126676],{},"\"report.csv\"",[830,126678,126679],{"id":29},[18,126680,29],{},[14,126682,126683,126685],{},[18,126684,29],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[44,126687,126689],{"className":46,"code":126688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126690,126691,126704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126692,126693,126695,126697,126699,126702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126694,34551],{"class":59},[53,126696,64],{"class":63},[53,126698,264],{"class":252},[53,126700,126701],{"class":256},"report.csv backup",[53,126703,3239],{"class":252},[53,126705,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126707,115],{"class":114},[53,126709,102],{"class":67},[53,126711,34572],{"class":98},[53,126713,95],{"class":67},[53,126715,126188],{"class":98},[53,126717,102],{"class":67},[53,126719,253],{"class":252},[53,126721,126195],{"class":256},[53,126723,253],{"class":252},[53,126725,75],{"class":67},[53,126727,3713],{"class":71},[53,126729,75],{"class":67},[53,126731,5876],{"class":71},[53,126733,1907],{"class":67},[14,126735,328],{},[44,126737,126738],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126739,126740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126741,126742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126743,3855],{"class":369},[14,126745,126746,126747,126749],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126748,126676],{}," and ignores the rest.",[39,126751,17284],{"id":17283},[14,126753,126754,25374],{},[18,126755,126140],{},[140,126757,126758,126763],{},[143,126759,126760,126762],{},[18,126761,573],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[143,126764,126765,126767],{},[18,126766,3552],{}," if it does not",[14,126769,126770,126771,7042],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126772,6867],{},[44,126774,126776],{"className":46,"code":126775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126777,126778,126791,126795,126816,126831,126837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126779,126780,126782,126784,126786,126789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126781,126165],{"class":59},[53,126783,64],{"class":63},[53,126785,264],{"class":252},[53,126787,126788],{"class":256},"data.csv",[53,126790,3239],{"class":252},[53,126792,126793],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126794,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,126796,126797,126799,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,126798,6867],{"class":1558},[53,126800,126801],{"class":59}," filename",[53,126803,95],{"class":67},[53,126805,126188],{"class":98},[53,126807,102],{"class":67},[53,126809,253],{"class":252},[53,126811,126195],{"class":256},[53,126813,253],{"class":252},[53,126815,1580],{"class":67},[53,126817,126818,126820,126822,126824,126827,126829],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,126819,7936],{"class":114},[53,126821,102],{"class":67},[53,126823,253],{"class":252},[53,126825,126826],{"class":256},"This is a CSV file.",[53,126828,253],{"class":252},[53,126830,108],{"class":67},[53,126832,126833,126835],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,126834,27299],{"class":1558},[53,126836,6265],{"class":67},[53,126838,126839,126841,126843,126845,126848,126850],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,126840,7936],{"class":114},[53,126842,102],{"class":67},[53,126844,253],{"class":252},[53,126846,126847],{"class":256},"This is not a CSV file.",[53,126849,253],{"class":252},[53,126851,108],{"class":67},[14,126853,328],{},[44,126855,126857],{"className":46,"code":126856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,126858,126859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126870,126872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126862,49742],{"class":59},[53,126864,12059],{"class":63},[53,126866,44407],{"class":59},[53,126868,126869],{"class":34317},"CSV",[53,126871,86363],{"class":86362},[53,126873,122114],{"class":67},[39,126875,126877],{"id":126876},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[830,126879,126881],{"id":126880},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[44,126883,126885],{"className":46,"code":126884,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126886,126887,126900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126890,126165],{"class":59},[53,126892,64],{"class":63},[53,126894,264],{"class":252},[53,126896,126897],{"class":256},"sales.csv",[53,126899,3239],{"class":252},[53,126901,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126903,115],{"class":114},[53,126905,102],{"class":67},[53,126907,126183],{"class":98},[53,126909,95],{"class":67},[53,126911,126188],{"class":98},[53,126913,102],{"class":67},[53,126915,253],{"class":252},[53,126917,126195],{"class":256},[53,126919,253],{"class":252},[53,126921,1907],{"class":67},[14,126923,328],{},[44,126925,126926],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126927,126928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126929,126930],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126931,3855],{"class":369},[830,126933,126935],{"id":126934},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[44,126937,126939],{"className":46,"code":126938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,126940,126941,126955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126942,126943,126946,126948,126950,126953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126944,126945],{"class":59},"url ",[53,126947,64],{"class":63},[53,126949,264],{"class":252},[53,126951,126952],{"class":256},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[53,126954,3239],{"class":252},[53,126956,126957,126959,126961,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126975,126977],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,126958,115],{"class":114},[53,126960,102],{"class":67},[53,126962,126963],{"class":98},"url",[53,126965,95],{"class":67},[53,126967,126188],{"class":98},[53,126969,102],{"class":67},[53,126971,253],{"class":252},[53,126973,126974],{"class":256},"\u002F",[53,126976,253],{"class":252},[53,126978,1907],{"class":67},[14,126980,328],{},[44,126982,126983],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,126984,126985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126986,126987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126988,3855],{"class":369},[830,126990,126992],{"id":126991},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[44,126994,126996],{"className":46,"code":126995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,126997,126998,127011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127001,89734],{"class":59},[53,127003,64],{"class":63},[53,127005,264],{"class":252},[53,127007,127008],{"class":256},"Hello!",[53,127010,3239],{"class":252},[53,127012,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127014,115],{"class":114},[53,127016,102],{"class":67},[53,127018,89751],{"class":98},[53,127020,95],{"class":67},[53,127022,126188],{"class":98},[53,127024,102],{"class":67},[53,127026,253],{"class":252},[53,127028,89575],{"class":256},[53,127030,253],{"class":252},[53,127032,1907],{"class":67},[14,127034,328],{},[44,127036,127037],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127038,127039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127040,127041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127042,3855],{"class":369},[830,127044,127046],{"id":127045},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[44,127048,127050],{"className":46,"code":127049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127051,127052,127065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127053,127054,127056,127058,127060,127063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127055,126165],{"class":59},[53,127057,64],{"class":63},[53,127059,264],{"class":252},[53,127061,127062],{"class":256},"photo.jpg",[53,127064,3239],{"class":252},[53,127066,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127068,115],{"class":114},[53,127070,102],{"class":67},[53,127072,126183],{"class":98},[53,127074,95],{"class":67},[53,127076,126188],{"class":98},[53,127078,5384],{"class":67},[53,127080,253],{"class":252},[53,127082,126573],{"class":256},[53,127084,253],{"class":252},[53,127086,75],{"class":67},[53,127088,264],{"class":252},[53,127090,126520],{"class":256},[53,127092,253],{"class":252},[53,127094,75],{"class":67},[53,127096,264],{"class":252},[53,127098,126590],{"class":256},[53,127100,253],{"class":252},[53,127102,2793],{"class":67},[14,127104,328],{},[44,127106,127107],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127108,127109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127110,127111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127112,3855],{"class":369},[14,127114,127115,127116,95],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[183,127117,127118],{"href":123337},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[39,127120,123729],{"id":123728},[14,127122,127123,123540],{},[18,127124,126140],{},[14,127126,127127,127128,4269,127131,127134],{},"That means ",[18,127129,127130],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127132,127133],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[44,127136,127138],{"className":46,"code":127137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127139,127140,127153,127157,127179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127141,127142,127144,127146,127148,127151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127143,126165],{"class":59},[53,127145,64],{"class":63},[53,127147,264],{"class":252},[53,127149,127150],{"class":256},"REPORT.CSV",[53,127152,3239],{"class":252},[53,127154,127155],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127156,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,127158,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,127160,115],{"class":114},[53,127162,102],{"class":67},[53,127164,126183],{"class":98},[53,127166,95],{"class":67},[53,127168,126188],{"class":98},[53,127170,102],{"class":67},[53,127172,253],{"class":252},[53,127174,126195],{"class":256},[53,127176,253],{"class":252},[53,127178,1907],{"class":67},[53,127180,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127198,127200],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,127182,115],{"class":114},[53,127184,102],{"class":67},[53,127186,126183],{"class":98},[53,127188,95],{"class":67},[53,127190,126188],{"class":98},[53,127192,102],{"class":67},[53,127194,253],{"class":252},[53,127196,127197],{"class":256},".CSV",[53,127199,253],{"class":252},[53,127201,1907],{"class":67},[14,127203,328],{},[44,127205,127207],{"className":46,"code":127206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127208,127209,127213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127210,127211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127212,3916],{"class":369},[53,127214,127215],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127216,3855],{"class":369},[14,127218,127219,127220,95],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[183,127221,127222],{"href":123809},[18,127223,123812],{},[44,127225,127227],{"className":46,"code":127226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127228,127229,127241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127232,126165],{"class":59},[53,127234,64],{"class":63},[53,127236,264],{"class":252},[53,127238,127150],{"class":256},[53,127240,3239],{"class":252},[53,127242,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127244,115],{"class":114},[53,127246,102],{"class":67},[53,127248,126183],{"class":98},[53,127250,95],{"class":67},[53,127252,8507],{"class":98},[53,127254,8504],{"class":67},[53,127256,126188],{"class":98},[53,127258,102],{"class":67},[53,127260,253],{"class":252},[53,127262,126195],{"class":256},[53,127264,253],{"class":252},[53,127266,1907],{"class":67},[14,127268,328],{},[44,127270,127271],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127272,127273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127274,127275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127276,3855],{"class":369},[39,127278,127280],{"id":127279},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127282,127283],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[44,127285,127287],{"className":46,"code":127286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127288,127289,127302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127290,127291,127293,127295,127297,127300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127292,126165],{"class":59},[53,127294,64],{"class":63},[53,127296,264],{"class":252},[53,127298,127299],{"class":256},"picture.gif",[53,127301,3239],{"class":252},[53,127303,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127305,115],{"class":114},[53,127307,102],{"class":67},[53,127309,126183],{"class":98},[53,127311,95],{"class":67},[53,127313,126188],{"class":98},[53,127315,5384],{"class":67},[53,127317,253],{"class":252},[53,127319,126573],{"class":256},[53,127321,253],{"class":252},[53,127323,75],{"class":67},[53,127325,264],{"class":252},[53,127327,126520],{"class":256},[53,127329,253],{"class":252},[53,127331,75],{"class":67},[53,127333,264],{"class":252},[53,127335,126590],{"class":256},[53,127337,253],{"class":252},[53,127339,2793],{"class":67},[14,127341,328],{},[44,127343,127344],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127345,127346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127347,127348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127349,3855],{"class":369},[14,127351,127352],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127354,51943],{},[44,127356,127358],{"className":46,"code":127357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127359,127360,127373,127408,127412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127361,127362,127365,127367,127369,127371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127363,127364],{"class":59},"document ",[53,127366,64],{"class":63},[53,127368,264],{"class":252},[53,127370,86622],{"class":256},[53,127372,3239],{"class":252},[53,127374,127375,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127390,127392,127395,127397,127399,127401,127404,127406],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127376,127377],{"class":59},"allowed ",[53,127379,64],{"class":63},[53,127381,9103],{"class":67},[53,127383,253],{"class":252},[53,127385,126218],{"class":256},[53,127387,253],{"class":252},[53,127389,75],{"class":67},[53,127391,264],{"class":252},[53,127393,127394],{"class":256},".md",[53,127396,253],{"class":252},[53,127398,75],{"class":67},[53,127400,264],{"class":252},[53,127402,127403],{"class":256},".docx",[53,127405,253],{"class":252},[53,127407,108],{"class":67},[53,127409,127410],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,127411,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,127413,127414,127416,127418,127421,127423,127425,127427,127430],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,127415,115],{"class":114},[53,127417,102],{"class":67},[53,127419,127420],{"class":98},"document",[53,127422,95],{"class":67},[53,127424,126188],{"class":98},[53,127426,102],{"class":67},[53,127428,127429],{"class":98},"allowed",[53,127431,1907],{"class":67},[14,127433,328],{},[44,127435,127436],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127437,127438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127439,127440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127441,3855],{"class":369},[14,127443,127444,127445,95],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[183,127446,126082,127448,10608],{"href":127447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127449,127450],{},"startswith()",[39,127452,2709],{"id":2708},[14,127454,8313,127455,95],{},[18,127456,126140],{},[830,127458,127460],{"id":127459},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127462,4400],{},[44,127464,127466],{"className":46,"code":127465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127467,127468,127480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127469,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127471,126165],{"class":59},[53,127473,64],{"class":63},[53,127475,264],{"class":252},[53,127477,127062],{"class":256},[53,127479,3239],{"class":252},[53,127481,127482],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127483,127484],{"class":127},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127486,127487],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[44,127489,127491],{"className":46,"code":127490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127492,127493,127505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127494,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127496,126165],{"class":59},[53,127498,64],{"class":63},[53,127500,264],{"class":252},[53,127502,127062],{"class":256},[53,127504,3239],{"class":252},[53,127506,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127508,115],{"class":114},[53,127510,102],{"class":67},[53,127512,126183],{"class":98},[53,127514,95],{"class":67},[53,127516,126188],{"class":98},[53,127518,5384],{"class":67},[53,127520,253],{"class":252},[53,127522,126573],{"class":256},[53,127524,253],{"class":252},[53,127526,75],{"class":67},[53,127528,264],{"class":252},[53,127530,126520],{"class":256},[53,127532,253],{"class":252},[53,127534,2793],{"class":67},[830,127536,127538],{"id":127537},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[44,127540,127542],{"className":46,"code":127541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127543,127544,127556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127545,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127547,126165],{"class":59},[53,127549,64],{"class":63},[53,127551,264],{"class":252},[53,127553,127150],{"class":256},[53,127555,3239],{"class":252},[53,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127559,115],{"class":114},[53,127561,102],{"class":67},[53,127563,126183],{"class":98},[53,127565,95],{"class":67},[53,127567,126188],{"class":98},[53,127569,102],{"class":67},[53,127571,253],{"class":252},[53,127573,126195],{"class":256},[53,127575,253],{"class":252},[53,127577,1907],{"class":67},[14,127579,328],{},[44,127581,127582],{"className":46,"code":3916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127583,127584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127585,127586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127587,3916],{"class":369},[14,127589,39125],{},[44,127591,127592],{"className":46,"code":127226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127593,127594,127606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127595,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127597,126165],{"class":59},[53,127599,64],{"class":63},[53,127601,264],{"class":252},[53,127603,127150],{"class":256},[53,127605,3239],{"class":252},[53,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127609,115],{"class":114},[53,127611,102],{"class":67},[53,127613,126183],{"class":98},[53,127615,95],{"class":67},[53,127617,8507],{"class":98},[53,127619,8504],{"class":67},[53,127621,126188],{"class":98},[53,127623,102],{"class":67},[53,127625,253],{"class":252},[53,127627,126195],{"class":256},[53,127629,253],{"class":252},[53,127631,1907],{"class":67},[830,127633,37066,127635,8572,127637],{"id":127634},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127636,126140],{},[18,127638,1565],{},[14,127640,127641,127643],{},[18,127642,126140],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[44,127645,127647],{"className":46,"code":127646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127648,127649,127662,127666,127688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127650,127651,127653,127655,127657,127660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127652,34551],{"class":59},[53,127654,64],{"class":63},[53,127656,264],{"class":252},[53,127658,127659],{"class":256},"my_report.csv.backup",[53,127661,3239],{"class":252},[53,127663,127664],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127665,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,127667,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,127669,115],{"class":114},[53,127671,102],{"class":67},[53,127673,34572],{"class":98},[53,127675,95],{"class":67},[53,127677,126188],{"class":98},[53,127679,102],{"class":67},[53,127681,253],{"class":252},[53,127683,126195],{"class":256},[53,127685,253],{"class":252},[53,127687,1907],{"class":67},[53,127689,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,127691,115],{"class":114},[53,127693,102],{"class":67},[53,127695,253],{"class":252},[53,127697,126195],{"class":256},[53,127699,253],{"class":252},[53,127701,21038],{"class":1558},[53,127703,42704],{"class":98},[53,127705,108],{"class":67},[14,127707,328],{},[44,127709,127710],{"className":46,"code":127206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,127711,127712,127716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127713,127714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127715,3916],{"class":369},[53,127717,127718],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127719,3855],{"class":369},[830,127721,8319,127723,127725],{"id":127722},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127724,126140],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127727,127728,127730],{},[18,127729,126140],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[44,127732,127734],{"className":46,"code":127733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127735,127736,127748,127770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127739,126165],{"class":59},[53,127741,64],{"class":63},[53,127743,264],{"class":252},[53,127745,126172],{"class":256},[53,127747,3239],{"class":252},[53,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127751,115],{"class":114},[53,127753,102],{"class":67},[53,127755,126183],{"class":98},[53,127757,95],{"class":67},[53,127759,126188],{"class":98},[53,127761,102],{"class":67},[53,127763,253],{"class":252},[53,127765,126195],{"class":256},[53,127767,253],{"class":252},[53,127769,1907],{"class":67},[53,127771,127772,127774,127776,127778],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,127773,115],{"class":114},[53,127775,102],{"class":67},[53,127777,126183],{"class":98},[53,127779,108],{"class":67},[14,127781,328],{},[44,127783,127785],{"className":46,"code":127784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,127786,127787,127791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127788,127789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127790,3855],{"class":369},[53,127792,127793,127796,127798],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127794,127795],{"class":59},"report",[53,127797,95],{"class":67},[53,127799,127800],{"class":24615},"csv\n",[14,127802,127803,127804,95],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[183,127805,127806],{"href":124250},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127808,65790],{},[140,127810,127811,127814,127817,127820],{},[143,127812,127813],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[143,127815,127816],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[143,127818,127819],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[143,127821,833,127822,44492,127824,2758,127826,111279],{},[18,127823,126140],{},[18,127825,124253],{},[18,127827,41516],{},[14,127829,30002],{},[44,127831,127833],{"className":46,"code":127832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,127834,127835,127845,127859,127881,127907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127836,127837,127839,127841,127843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127838,115],{"class":114},[53,127840,102],{"class":67},[53,127842,34572],{"class":98},[53,127844,108],{"class":67},[53,127846,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,127848,115],{"class":114},[53,127850,102],{"class":67},[53,127852,41642],{"class":114},[53,127854,102],{"class":67},[53,127856,34572],{"class":98},[53,127858,1907],{"class":67},[53,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,127862,115],{"class":114},[53,127864,102],{"class":67},[53,127866,34572],{"class":98},[53,127868,95],{"class":67},[53,127870,126188],{"class":98},[53,127872,102],{"class":67},[53,127874,341],{"class":252},[53,127876,126195],{"class":256},[53,127878,341],{"class":252},[53,127880,1907],{"class":67},[53,127882,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,127884,115],{"class":114},[53,127886,102],{"class":67},[53,127888,34572],{"class":98},[53,127890,95],{"class":67},[53,127892,8507],{"class":98},[53,127894,8504],{"class":67},[53,127896,126188],{"class":98},[53,127898,102],{"class":67},[53,127900,341],{"class":252},[53,127902,126195],{"class":256},[53,127904,341],{"class":252},[53,127906,1907],{"class":67},[53,127908,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,127910,115],{"class":114},[53,127912,102],{"class":67},[53,127914,3102],{"class":2782},[53,127916,102],{"class":67},[53,127918,34572],{"class":98},[53,127920,1907],{"class":67},[39,127922,1650],{"id":1649},[830,127924,12570,127926,127928],{"id":127925},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,127927,126140],{}," change the string?",[14,127930,127931,127932,2758,127934,95],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,127933,573],{},[18,127935,3552],{},[830,127937,5045,127939,127941],{"id":127938},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,127940,126140],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127943,127944,127945,95],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,127946,127947],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[830,127949,14766,127951,124418],{"id":127950},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,127952,126140],{},[14,127954,127955,127956,2758,127958,127961],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,127957,123812],{},[18,127959,127960],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[830,127963,5055,127965,4269,127967,2370],{"id":127964},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,127966,126140],{},[18,127968,124077],{},[14,127970,127971,127973,127974,127976],{},[18,127972,126140],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,127975,124077],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[39,127978,1782],{"id":1781},[140,127980,127981,127987,127993,127997,128001],{},[143,127982,127983],{},[183,127984,126082,127985,10608],{"href":127447},[18,127986,127450],{},[143,127988,127989],{},[183,127990,126082,127991,10608],{"href":123809},[18,127992,123812],{},[143,127994,127995],{},[183,127996,124481],{"href":123337},[143,127998,127999],{},[183,128000,124488],{"href":124250},[143,128002,128003],{},[183,128004,124837],{"href":50839},[1810,128006,128007],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":128009},[128010,128011,128013,128014,128019,128020,128026,128027,128028,128036,128046],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":126248,"depth":89,"text":128012},"What endswith() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":126463,"depth":89,"text":126464,"children":128015},[128016,128017,128018],{"id":126377,"depth":111,"text":126377},{"id":35938,"depth":111,"text":35938},{"id":29,"depth":111,"text":29},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":126876,"depth":89,"text":126877,"children":128021},[128022,128023,128024,128025],{"id":126880,"depth":111,"text":126881},{"id":126934,"depth":111,"text":126935},{"id":126991,"depth":111,"text":126992},{"id":127045,"depth":111,"text":127046},{"id":123728,"depth":89,"text":123729},{"id":127279,"depth":89,"text":127280},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":128029},[128030,128031,128032,128034],{"id":127459,"depth":111,"text":127460},{"id":127537,"depth":111,"text":127538},{"id":127634,"depth":111,"text":128033},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127722,"depth":111,"text":128035},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":128037},[128038,128040,128042,128044],{"id":127925,"depth":111,"text":128039},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127938,"depth":111,"text":128041},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127950,"depth":111,"text":128043},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127964,"depth":111,"text":128045},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126132,"description":128047},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128054,"title":128055,"body":128056,"description":129724,"extension":1841,"meta":129725,"navigation":301,"path":129726,"seo":129727,"stem":129728,"__hash__":129729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128057,"toc":129697},[128058,128063,128068,128073,128078,128171,128181,128186,128191,128206,128208,128290,128298,128300,128302,128329,128331,128347,128354,128356,128464,128466,128471,128487,128489,128584,128592,128595,128601,128606,128611,128618,128757,128760,128773,128775,128779,128786,128856,128859,128908,128915,128922,128936,128941,128946,128992,129038,129054,129056,129061,129075,129078,129200,129205,129207,129212,129245,129248,129324,129326,129335,129349,129352,129436,129439,129550,129553,129581,129583,129590,129594,129600,129603,129609,129612,129619,129630,129636,129643,129645,129694],[10,128059,123082,128061,11190],{"id":128060},"python-string-find-method",[18,128062,124077],{},[14,128064,123087,128065,128067],{},[18,128066,124077],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128069,128070,128071,95],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128072,65581],{},[14,128074,131,128075,128077],{},[18,128076,124077],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[44,128079,128081],{"className":46,"code":128080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128082,128083,128095,128118,128131,128135,128158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128084,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128086,34551],{"class":59},[53,128088,64],{"class":63},[53,128090,264],{"class":252},[53,128092,60132],{"class":256},[53,128094,3239],{"class":252},[53,128096,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128098,64646],{"class":59},[53,128100,64],{"class":63},[53,128102,42704],{"class":59},[53,128104,95],{"class":67},[53,128106,128107],{"class":98},"find",[53,128109,102],{"class":67},[53,128111,253],{"class":252},[53,128113,60317],{"class":256},[53,128115,253],{"class":252},[53,128117,108],{"class":67},[53,128119,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128121,115],{"class":114},[53,128123,102],{"class":67},[53,128125,64673],{"class":98},[53,128127,3539],{"class":67},[53,128129,128130],{"class":127},"   # 6\n",[53,128132,128133],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128134,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128136,128137,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,128138,128139],{"class":59},"missing ",[53,128141,64],{"class":63},[53,128143,42704],{"class":59},[53,128145,95],{"class":67},[53,128147,128107],{"class":98},[53,128149,102],{"class":67},[53,128151,253],{"class":252},[53,128153,48],{"class":256},[53,128155,253],{"class":252},[53,128157,108],{"class":67},[53,128159,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,128161,115],{"class":114},[53,128163,102],{"class":67},[53,128165,26638],{"class":98},[53,128167,3539],{"class":67},[53,128169,128170],{"class":127},"    # -1\n",[43442,128172,128173],{},[14,128174,131,128175,128177,128178,128180],{},[18,128176,124077],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128179,65581],{}," if the substring is not found.",[39,128182,3556,128184,3559],{"id":128183},"what-find-does",[18,128185,124077],{},[14,128187,128188,128190],{},[18,128189,124077],{}," is a string method that:",[140,128192,128193,128196,128199,128204],{},[143,128194,128195],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[143,128197,128198],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[143,128200,11292,128201,128203],{},[18,128202,65581],{}," if no match is found",[143,128205,126268],{},[14,128207,235],{},[44,128209,128211],{"className":46,"code":128210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128212,128213,128225,128229,128253,128277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128214,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128216,34551],{"class":59},[53,128218,64],{"class":63},[53,128220,264],{"class":252},[53,128222,267],{"class":256},[53,128224,3239],{"class":252},[53,128226,128227],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128228,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128230,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128232,115],{"class":114},[53,128234,102],{"class":67},[53,128236,34572],{"class":98},[53,128238,95],{"class":67},[53,128240,128107],{"class":98},[53,128242,102],{"class":67},[53,128244,253],{"class":252},[53,128246,123175],{"class":256},[53,128248,253],{"class":252},[53,128250,5236],{"class":67},[53,128252,57370],{"class":127},[53,128254,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128256,115],{"class":114},[53,128258,102],{"class":67},[53,128260,34572],{"class":98},[53,128262,95],{"class":67},[53,128264,128107],{"class":98},[53,128266,102],{"class":67},[53,128268,253],{"class":252},[53,128270,2056],{"class":256},[53,128272,253],{"class":252},[53,128274,5236],{"class":67},[53,128276,128170],{"class":127},[53,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,128280,115],{"class":114},[53,128282,102],{"class":67},[53,128284,34572],{"class":98},[53,128286,3539],{"class":67},[53,128288,128289],{"class":127},"              # banana\n",[14,128291,20635,128292,128295,128296,95],{},[18,128293,128294],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128297,1937],{},[39,128299,2039],{"id":2038},[14,128301,2042],{},[44,128303,128305],{"className":46,"code":128304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128306,128307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128308,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128310,60900],{"class":59},[53,128312,95],{"class":67},[53,128314,128107],{"class":98},[53,128316,102],{"class":67},[53,128318,2350],{"class":98},[53,128320,75],{"class":67},[53,128322,35917],{"class":98},[53,128324,75],{"class":67},[53,128326,64767],{"class":98},[53,128328,108],{"class":67},[830,128330,17260],{"id":17259},[140,128332,128333,128337,128342],{},[143,128334,128335,123274],{},[18,128336,2350],{},[143,128338,128339,128341],{},[18,128340,35938],{},": optional starting position",[143,128343,128344,128346],{},[18,128345,29],{},": optional ending position",[14,128348,128349,4269,128351,128353],{},[18,128350,35938],{},[18,128352,29],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128355,126411],{},[44,128357,128359],{"className":46,"code":128358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128360,128361,128373,128377,128402,128431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128362,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128364,34551],{"class":59},[53,128366,64],{"class":63},[53,128368,264],{"class":252},[53,128370,60132],{"class":256},[53,128372,3239],{"class":252},[53,128374,128375],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128376,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128378,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128380,115],{"class":114},[53,128382,102],{"class":67},[53,128384,34572],{"class":98},[53,128386,95],{"class":67},[53,128388,128107],{"class":98},[53,128390,102],{"class":67},[53,128392,253],{"class":252},[53,128394,60199],{"class":256},[53,128396,253],{"class":252},[53,128398,5236],{"class":67},[53,128400,128401],{"class":127},"        # 4\n",[53,128403,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128405,115],{"class":114},[53,128407,102],{"class":67},[53,128409,34572],{"class":98},[53,128411,95],{"class":67},[53,128413,128107],{"class":98},[53,128415,102],{"class":67},[53,128417,253],{"class":252},[53,128419,60199],{"class":256},[53,128421,253],{"class":252},[53,128423,75],{"class":67},[53,128425,1577],{"class":71},[53,128427,5236],{"class":67},[53,128429,128430],{"class":127},"     # 7\n",[53,128432,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,128434,115],{"class":114},[53,128436,102],{"class":67},[53,128438,34572],{"class":98},[53,128440,95],{"class":67},[53,128442,128107],{"class":98},[53,128444,102],{"class":67},[53,128446,253],{"class":252},[53,128448,60199],{"class":256},[53,128450,253],{"class":252},[53,128452,75],{"class":67},[53,128454,1577],{"class":71},[53,128456,75],{"class":67},[53,128458,5865],{"class":71},[53,128460,5236],{"class":67},[53,128462,128463],{"class":127},"  # -1\n",[39,128465,37883],{"id":37882},[14,128467,57269,128468,128470],{},[18,128469,124077],{}," is always an integer.",[140,128472,128473,128479,128482],{},[143,128474,128475,128476,128478],{},"A number ",[18,128477,2000],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[143,128480,128481],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[143,128483,128484,128486],{},[18,128485,65581],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128488,235],{},[44,128490,128492],{"className":46,"code":128491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128493,128494,128506,128510,128535,128560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128495,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128497,34551],{"class":59},[53,128499,64],{"class":63},[53,128501,264],{"class":252},[53,128503,48],{"class":256},[53,128505,3239],{"class":252},[53,128507,128508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128509,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128511,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128529,128531,128533],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128513,115],{"class":114},[53,128515,102],{"class":67},[53,128517,34572],{"class":98},[53,128519,95],{"class":67},[53,128521,128107],{"class":98},[53,128523,102],{"class":67},[53,128525,253],{"class":252},[53,128527,128528],{"class":256},"py",[53,128530,253],{"class":252},[53,128532,5236],{"class":67},[53,128534,20632],{"class":127},[53,128536,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128554,128556,128558],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128538,115],{"class":114},[53,128540,102],{"class":67},[53,128542,34572],{"class":98},[53,128544,95],{"class":67},[53,128546,128107],{"class":98},[53,128548,102],{"class":67},[53,128550,253],{"class":252},[53,128552,128553],{"class":256},"th",[53,128555,253],{"class":252},[53,128557,5236],{"class":67},[53,128559,57370],{"class":127},[53,128561,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,128563,115],{"class":114},[53,128565,102],{"class":67},[53,128567,34572],{"class":98},[53,128569,95],{"class":67},[53,128571,128107],{"class":98},[53,128573,102],{"class":67},[53,128575,253],{"class":252},[53,128577,21942],{"class":256},[53,128579,253],{"class":252},[53,128581,5236],{"class":67},[53,128583,128170],{"class":127},[14,128585,89637,128586,8322,128588,2758,128590,95],{},[18,128587,124077],{},[18,128589,573],{},[18,128591,3552],{},[14,128593,128594],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[39,128596,833,128597,4269,128599],{"id":65133},[18,128598,35938],{},[18,128600,29],{},[14,128602,131,128603,128605],{},[18,128604,35938],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128607,131,128608,128610],{},[18,128609,29],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128612,16,128613,75189,128615,128617],{},[18,128614,29],{},[23,128616,64796],{}," in the search.",[44,128619,128621],{"className":46,"code":128620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128622,128623,128636,128640,128664,128693,128725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128626,34551],{"class":59},[53,128628,64],{"class":63},[53,128630,264],{"class":252},[53,128632,128633],{"class":256},"one two three two",[53,128635,3239],{"class":252},[53,128637,128638],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128639,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128643,115],{"class":114},[53,128645,102],{"class":67},[53,128647,34572],{"class":98},[53,128649,95],{"class":67},[53,128651,128107],{"class":98},[53,128653,102],{"class":67},[53,128655,253],{"class":252},[53,128657,78998],{"class":256},[53,128659,253],{"class":252},[53,128661,5236],{"class":67},[53,128663,128401],{"class":127},[53,128665,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128667,115],{"class":114},[53,128669,102],{"class":67},[53,128671,34572],{"class":98},[53,128673,95],{"class":67},[53,128675,128107],{"class":98},[53,128677,102],{"class":67},[53,128679,253],{"class":252},[53,128681,78998],{"class":256},[53,128683,253],{"class":252},[53,128685,75],{"class":67},[53,128687,1577],{"class":71},[53,128689,5236],{"class":67},[53,128691,128692],{"class":127},"     # 14\n",[53,128694,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,128696,115],{"class":114},[53,128698,102],{"class":67},[53,128700,34572],{"class":98},[53,128702,95],{"class":67},[53,128704,128107],{"class":98},[53,128706,102],{"class":67},[53,128708,253],{"class":252},[53,128710,78998],{"class":256},[53,128712,253],{"class":252},[53,128714,75],{"class":67},[53,128716,3713],{"class":71},[53,128718,75],{"class":67},[53,128720,5865],{"class":71},[53,128722,5236],{"class":67},[53,128724,50799],{"class":127},[53,128726,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,128728,115],{"class":114},[53,128730,102],{"class":67},[53,128732,34572],{"class":98},[53,128734,95],{"class":67},[53,128736,128107],{"class":98},[53,128738,102],{"class":67},[53,128740,253],{"class":252},[53,128742,78998],{"class":256},[53,128744,253],{"class":252},[53,128746,75],{"class":67},[53,128748,3713],{"class":71},[53,128750,75],{"class":67},[53,128752,759],{"class":71},[53,128754,5236],{"class":67},[53,128756,128463],{"class":127},[14,128758,128759],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128761,128762,128763,54793,128767,95],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[183,128764,128766],{"href":128765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[183,128768,128770,128772],{"href":128769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128771,60257],{}," string method",[39,128774,123729],{"id":123728},[14,128776,128777,123540],{},[18,128778,124077],{},[14,128780,127127,128781,4269,128783,128785],{},[18,128782,90145],{},[18,128784,64261],{}," are treated as different text.",[44,128787,128789],{"className":46,"code":128788,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,128790,128791,128804,128808,128832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128792,128793,128795,128797,128799,128802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128794,34551],{"class":59},[53,128796,64],{"class":63},[53,128798,264],{"class":252},[53,128800,128801],{"class":256},"Hello World",[53,128803,3239],{"class":252},[53,128805,128806],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128807,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128809,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128811,115],{"class":114},[53,128813,102],{"class":67},[53,128815,34572],{"class":98},[53,128817,95],{"class":67},[53,128819,128107],{"class":98},[53,128821,102],{"class":67},[53,128823,253],{"class":252},[53,128825,34731],{"class":256},[53,128827,253],{"class":252},[53,128829,5236],{"class":67},[53,128831,51110],{"class":127},[53,128833,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,128835,115],{"class":114},[53,128837,102],{"class":67},[53,128839,34572],{"class":98},[53,128841,95],{"class":67},[53,128843,128107],{"class":98},[53,128845,102],{"class":67},[53,128847,253],{"class":252},[53,128849,556],{"class":256},[53,128851,253],{"class":252},[53,128853,5236],{"class":67},[53,128855,128463],{"class":127},[14,128857,128858],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[44,128860,128862],{"className":46,"code":128861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,128863,128864,128876,128880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128865,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128867,34551],{"class":59},[53,128869,64],{"class":63},[53,128871,264],{"class":252},[53,128873,128801],{"class":256},[53,128875,3239],{"class":252},[53,128877,128878],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128879,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128883,115],{"class":114},[53,128885,102],{"class":67},[53,128887,34572],{"class":98},[53,128889,95],{"class":67},[53,128891,8507],{"class":98},[53,128893,8504],{"class":67},[53,128895,128107],{"class":98},[53,128897,102],{"class":67},[53,128899,253],{"class":252},[53,128901,556],{"class":256},[53,128903,253],{"class":252},[53,128905,5236],{"class":67},[53,128907,51110],{"class":127},[39,128909,128911,10452,128913],{"id":128910},"find-vs-index",[18,128912,124077],{},[18,128914,58693],{},[14,128916,128917,4269,128919,128921],{},[18,128918,124077],{},[18,128920,58693],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[140,128923,128924,128930],{},[143,128925,128926,1129,128928],{},[18,128927,124077],{},[18,128929,65581],{},[143,128931,128932,52358,128934],{},[18,128933,58693],{},[18,128935,40566],{},[14,128937,131,128938,128940],{},[18,128939,124077],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128942,131,128943,128945],{},[18,128944,58693],{}," when the value must exist.",[44,128947,128949],{"className":46,"code":128948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,128950,128951,128963,128967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128952,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128954,34551],{"class":59},[53,128956,64],{"class":63},[53,128958,264],{"class":252},[53,128960,556],{"class":256},[53,128962,3239],{"class":252},[53,128964,128965],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,128966,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,128968,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,128970,115],{"class":114},[53,128972,102],{"class":67},[53,128974,34572],{"class":98},[53,128976,95],{"class":67},[53,128978,128107],{"class":98},[53,128980,102],{"class":67},[53,128982,253],{"class":252},[53,128984,2056],{"class":256},[53,128986,253],{"class":252},[53,128988,5236],{"class":67},[53,128990,128991],{"class":127},"   # -1\n",[44,128993,128995],{"className":46,"code":128994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,128996,128997,129009,129013],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129000,34551],{"class":59},[53,129002,64],{"class":63},[53,129004,264],{"class":252},[53,129006,556],{"class":256},[53,129008,3239],{"class":252},[53,129010,129011],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129012,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129014,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129016,115],{"class":114},[53,129018,102],{"class":67},[53,129020,34572],{"class":98},[53,129022,95],{"class":67},[53,129024,35711],{"class":98},[53,129026,102],{"class":67},[53,129028,253],{"class":252},[53,129030,2056],{"class":256},[53,129032,253],{"class":252},[53,129034,5236],{"class":67},[53,129036,129037],{"class":127},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129039,129040,129041,129045,129046,129048,129049,95],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[183,129042,129043,128772],{"href":124102},[18,129044,58693],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129047,58693],{},", read ",[183,129050,25545,129051],{"href":73209},[18,129052,129053],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[39,129055,40908],{"id":40907},[14,129057,35270,129058,129060],{},[18,129059,124077],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[140,129062,129063,129066,129069,129072],{},[143,129064,129065],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[143,129067,129068],{},"Get the position of a word",[143,129070,129071],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[143,129073,129074],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129076,129077],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[44,129079,129081],{"className":46,"code":129080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129082,129083,129096,129119,129123,129138,129154,129173,129187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129084,129085,129087,129089,129091,129094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129086,34551],{"class":59},[53,129088,64],{"class":63},[53,129090,264],{"class":252},[53,129092,129093],{"class":256},"name:Alice",[53,129095,3239],{"class":252},[53,129097,129098,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129099,129100],{"class":59},"colon_pos ",[53,129102,64],{"class":63},[53,129104,42704],{"class":59},[53,129106,95],{"class":67},[53,129108,128107],{"class":98},[53,129110,102],{"class":67},[53,129112,253],{"class":252},[53,129114,597],{"class":256},[53,129116,253],{"class":252},[53,129118,108],{"class":67},[53,129120,129121],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129122,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129124,129125,129127,129130,129132,129134,129136],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129126,6867],{"class":1558},[53,129128,129129],{"class":59}," colon_pos ",[53,129131,72319],{"class":63},[53,129133,2103],{"class":63},[53,129135,72],{"class":71},[53,129137,6265],{"class":67},[53,129139,129140,129143,129145,129147,129149,129152],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129141,129142],{"class":59},"    label ",[53,129144,64],{"class":63},[53,129146,42704],{"class":59},[53,129148,75262],{"class":67},[53,129150,129151],{"class":59},"colon_pos",[53,129153,86],{"class":67},[53,129155,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,129157,27266],{"class":59},[53,129159,64],{"class":63},[53,129161,42704],{"class":59},[53,129163,338],{"class":67},[53,129165,129100],{"class":59},[53,129167,1940],{"class":63},[53,129169,5371],{"class":71},[53,129171,129172],{"class":67},":]\n",[53,129174,129175,129177,129179,129182,129184],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,129176,7936],{"class":114},[53,129178,102],{"class":67},[53,129180,129181],{"class":98},"label",[53,129183,3539],{"class":67},[53,129185,129186],{"class":127},"  # name\n",[53,129188,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,129190,7936],{"class":114},[53,129192,102],{"class":67},[53,129194,2350],{"class":98},[53,129196,3539],{"class":67},[53,129198,129199],{"class":127},"  # Alice\n",[14,129201,129202,129203,95],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[183,129204,127118],{"href":123337},[39,129206,2709],{"id":2708},[14,129208,129209,129210,597],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129211,124077],{},[140,129213,129214,129223,129229,129234,129240],{},[143,129215,8319,129216,8322,129218,2758,129220,129222],{},[18,129217,124077],{},[18,129219,573],{},[18,129221,3552],{}," instead of an index",[143,129224,129225,129226,129228],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129227,65581],{}," when the substring is missing",[143,129230,833,129231,129233],{},[18,129232,124077],{}," without handling case differences",[143,129235,37066,129236,8572,129238],{},[18,129237,124077],{},[18,129239,58693],{},[143,129241,4454,129242,129244],{},[18,129243,124077],{}," changes the string",[14,129246,129247],{},"Example of a mistake:",[44,129249,129251],{"className":46,"code":129250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129252,129253,129265,129269,129289,129304,129310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129254,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129256,34551],{"class":59},[53,129258,64],{"class":63},[53,129260,264],{"class":252},[53,129262,556],{"class":256},[53,129264,3239],{"class":252},[53,129266,129267],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129268,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129270,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129272,6867],{"class":1558},[53,129274,42704],{"class":59},[53,129276,95],{"class":67},[53,129278,128107],{"class":98},[53,129280,102],{"class":67},[53,129282,253],{"class":252},[53,129284,60164],{"class":256},[53,129286,253],{"class":252},[53,129288,1580],{"class":67},[53,129290,129291,129293,129295,129297,129300,129302],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129292,7936],{"class":114},[53,129294,102],{"class":67},[53,129296,253],{"class":252},[53,129298,129299],{"class":256},"Found",[53,129301,253],{"class":252},[53,129303,108],{"class":67},[53,129305,129306,129308],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129307,27299],{"class":1558},[53,129309,6265],{"class":67},[53,129311,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,129313,7936],{"class":114},[53,129315,102],{"class":67},[53,129317,253],{"class":252},[53,129319,26180],{"class":256},[53,129321,253],{"class":252},[53,129323,108],{"class":67},[14,129325,99643],{},[44,129327,129329],{"className":46,"code":129328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Not found\n",[18,129330,129331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129332,129333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129334,129328],{"class":59},[14,129336,45566,129337,129340,129341,16937,129343,129345,129346,129348],{},[18,129338,129339],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129342,2000],{},[18,129344,2000],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129347,6867],{}," statement.",[14,129350,129351],{},"A safer version is:",[44,129353,129355],{"className":46,"code":129354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129356,129357,129369,129373,129402,129416,129422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129358,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129360,34551],{"class":59},[53,129362,64],{"class":63},[53,129364,264],{"class":252},[53,129366,556],{"class":256},[53,129368,3239],{"class":252},[53,129370,129371],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129372,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129374,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129396,129398,129400],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129376,6867],{"class":1558},[53,129378,42704],{"class":59},[53,129380,95],{"class":67},[53,129382,128107],{"class":98},[53,129384,102],{"class":67},[53,129386,253],{"class":252},[53,129388,60164],{"class":256},[53,129390,253],{"class":252},[53,129392,3539],{"class":67},[53,129394,129395],{"class":63}," !=",[53,129397,2103],{"class":63},[53,129399,72],{"class":71},[53,129401,6265],{"class":67},[53,129403,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412,129414],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129405,7936],{"class":114},[53,129407,102],{"class":67},[53,129409,253],{"class":252},[53,129411,129299],{"class":256},[53,129413,253],{"class":252},[53,129415,108],{"class":67},[53,129417,129418,129420],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129419,27299],{"class":1558},[53,129421,6265],{"class":67},[53,129423,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,129425,7936],{"class":114},[53,129427,102],{"class":67},[53,129429,253],{"class":252},[53,129431,26180],{"class":256},[53,129433,253],{"class":252},[53,129435,108],{"class":67},[14,129437,129438],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[44,129440,129442],{"className":46,"code":129441,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129443,129444,129466,129480,129506,129520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129445,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129447,115],{"class":114},[53,129449,102],{"class":67},[53,129451,34572],{"class":98},[53,129453,95],{"class":67},[53,129455,128107],{"class":98},[53,129457,102],{"class":67},[53,129459,341],{"class":252},[53,129461,38254],{"class":256},[53,129463,341],{"class":252},[53,129465,1907],{"class":67},[53,129467,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129469,115],{"class":114},[53,129471,102],{"class":67},[53,129473,41642],{"class":114},[53,129475,102],{"class":67},[53,129477,34572],{"class":98},[53,129479,1907],{"class":67},[53,129481,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129483,115],{"class":114},[53,129485,102],{"class":67},[53,129487,34572],{"class":98},[53,129489,95],{"class":67},[53,129491,8507],{"class":98},[53,129493,8504],{"class":67},[53,129495,128107],{"class":98},[53,129497,102],{"class":67},[53,129499,341],{"class":252},[53,129501,38254],{"class":256},[53,129503,341],{"class":252},[53,129505,1907],{"class":67},[53,129507,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129509,115],{"class":114},[53,129511,102],{"class":67},[53,129513,11029],{"class":114},[53,129515,102],{"class":67},[53,129517,34572],{"class":98},[53,129519,1907],{"class":67},[53,129521,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129523,115],{"class":114},[53,129525,102],{"class":67},[53,129527,34572],{"class":98},[53,129529,95],{"class":67},[53,129531,128107],{"class":98},[53,129533,102],{"class":67},[53,129535,341],{"class":252},[53,129537,38254],{"class":256},[53,129539,341],{"class":252},[53,129541,75],{"class":67},[53,129543,35917],{"class":98},[53,129545,75],{"class":67},[53,129547,64767],{"class":98},[53,129549,1907],{"class":67},[14,129551,129552],{},"These help you check:",[140,129554,129555,129560,129565,129570,129573],{},[143,129556,129557,129558],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129559,124077],{},[143,129561,129562,129563],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129564,122296],{},[143,129566,129567,129568],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129569,123812],{},[143,129571,129572],{},"The string length",[143,129574,129575,129576,4269,129578,129580],{},"Whether your ",[18,129577,35938],{},[18,129579,29],{}," values are correct",[39,129582,1650],{"id":1649},[830,129584,129586,129587,129589],{"id":129585},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129588,124077],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129591,5023,129592,95],{},[18,129593,65581],{},[830,129595,12570,129597,129599],{"id":129596},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129598,124077],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129601,129602],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[830,129604,129606,129607,124418],{"id":129605},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129608,124077],{},[14,129610,129611],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[830,129613,5055,129615,4269,129617,69382],{"id":129614},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129616,124077],{},[18,129618,58693],{},[14,129620,129621,1129,129623,129625,129626,52358,129628,95],{},[18,129622,124077],{},[18,129624,65581],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129627,58693],{},[18,129629,40566],{},[830,129631,28194,129633,129635],{"id":129632},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129634,124077],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129637,129638,129639,4269,129641,65880],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129640,35938],{},[18,129642,29],{},[39,129644,1782],{"id":1781},[140,129646,129647,129653,129659,129666,129672,129679,129683,129688],{},[143,129648,129649],{},[183,129650,126082,129651,10608],{"href":124102},[18,129652,58693],{},[143,129654,129655],{},[183,129656,126082,129657,10608],{"href":128769},[18,129658,60257],{},[143,129660,129661],{},[183,129662,126082,129664,10608],{"href":129663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129665,124253],{},[143,129667,129668],{},[183,129669,126082,129670,10608],{"href":127447},[18,129671,127450],{},[143,129673,129674],{},[183,129675,126082,129677,10608],{"href":129676},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129678,126140],{},[143,129680,129681],{},[183,129682,124481],{"href":123337},[143,129684,129685],{},[183,129686,129687],{"href":128765},"How to split a string in Python",[143,129689,129690],{},[183,129691,25987,129692],{"href":73209},[18,129693,129053],{},[1810,129695,129696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":129698},[129699,129701,129704,129705,129706,129707,129709,129710,129711,129723],{"id":128183,"depth":89,"text":129700},"What find() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":129702},[129703],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":37882,"depth":89,"text":37883},{"id":65133,"depth":89,"text":65916},{"id":123728,"depth":89,"text":123729},{"id":128910,"depth":89,"text":129708},"find() vs index()",{"id":40907,"depth":89,"text":40908},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":129712},[129713,129715,129717,129719,129721],{"id":129585,"depth":111,"text":129714},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129596,"depth":111,"text":129716},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129605,"depth":111,"text":129718},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129614,"depth":111,"text":129720},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129632,"depth":111,"text":129722},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128055,"description":129724},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129731,"title":129732,"body":129733,"description":131659,"extension":1841,"meta":131660,"navigation":301,"path":131661,"seo":131662,"stem":131663,"__hash__":131664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129734,"toc":131627},[129735,129740,129745,129748,129750,129826,129830,129858,129866,129870,129875,129879,129896,129898,129965,129969,129991,129999,130001,130004,130028,130031,130045,130047,130132,130136,130148,130151,130155,130161,130211,130215,130232,130241,130244,130252,130255,130304,130308,130333,130336,130391,130395,130407,130413,130417,130423,130428,130495,130499,130525,130528,130539,130541,130608,130612,130637,130644,130648,130653,130660,130668,130670,130722,130726,130744,130746,130791,130795,130810,130813,130823,130830,130832,130836,130839,130850,130852,130912,130916,130944,130947,130953,130958,130961,130965,131009,131012,131050,131053,131061,131063,131068,131072,131075,131123,131126,131129,131185,131189,131194,131197,131246,131248,131297,131303,131308,131310,131357,131361,131374,131376,131427,131433,131436,131440,131443,131449,131454,131456,131459,131531,131534,131551,131553,131558,131561,131565,131571,131577,131584,131590,131596,131598,131624],[10,129736,123082,129738,11190],{"id":129737},"python-string-format-method",[18,129739,126085],{},[14,129741,123087,129742,129744],{},[18,129743,126085],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129746,129747],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[39,129749,1882],{"id":1881},[44,129751,129753],{"className":46,"code":129752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129754,129755,129767,129775,129779,129816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129756,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129758,7743],{"class":59},[53,129760,64],{"class":63},[53,129762,264],{"class":252},[53,129764,11376],{"class":256},[53,129766,3239],{"class":252},[53,129768,129769,129771,129773],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129770,21493],{"class":59},[53,129772,64],{"class":63},[53,129774,88526],{"class":71},[53,129776,129777],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129778,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129780,129781,129783,129785,129787,129790,129792,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129782,89734],{"class":59},[53,129784,64],{"class":63},[53,129786,264],{"class":252},[53,129788,129789],{"class":256},"My name is ",[53,129791,3671],{"class":71},[53,129793,129794],{"class":256}," and I am ",[53,129796,3671],{"class":71},[53,129798,122078],{"class":256},[53,129800,253],{"class":252},[53,129802,95],{"class":67},[53,129804,129805],{"class":98},"format",[53,129807,102],{"class":67},[53,129809,592],{"class":98},[53,129811,75],{"class":67},[53,129813,9056],{"class":98},[53,129815,108],{"class":67},[53,129817,129818,129820,129822,129824],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129819,115],{"class":114},[53,129821,102],{"class":67},[53,129823,89751],{"class":98},[53,129825,108],{"class":67},[14,129827,129828],{},[23,129829,328],{},[44,129831,129833],{"className":46,"code":129832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,129834,129835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129836,129837,129840,129842,129845,129848,129851,129854,129856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129838,129839],{"class":59},"My name ",[53,129841,12059],{"class":63},[53,129843,129844],{"class":59}," Maya ",[53,129846,129847],{"class":63},"and",[53,129849,129850],{"class":59}," I am ",[53,129852,129853],{"class":71},"12",[53,129855,122111],{"class":59},[53,129857,122114],{"class":67},[14,129859,131,129860,129862,129863,129865],{},[18,129861,3671],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,129864,126085],{}," in the same order.",[14,129867,124834,129868,95],{},[183,129869,124837],{"href":50839},[39,129871,12863,129873,12866],{"id":129872},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,129874,126085],{},[14,129876,16,129877,11281],{},[18,129878,126085],{},[140,129880,129881,129884,129890,129893],{},[143,129882,129883],{},"inserts values into a string",[143,129885,129886,129887,129889],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,129888,3671],{}," with given values",[143,129891,129892],{},"returns a new string",[143,129894,129895],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129897,235],{},[44,129899,129901],{"className":46,"code":129900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,129902,129903,129917,129940,129944,129955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129904,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129906,34551],{"class":59},[53,129908,64],{"class":63},[53,129910,264],{"class":252},[53,129912,44764],{"class":256},[53,129914,3671],{"class":71},[53,129916,3239],{"class":252},[53,129918,129919,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936,129938],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129920,129921],{"class":59},"new_text ",[53,129923,64],{"class":63},[53,129925,42704],{"class":59},[53,129927,95],{"class":67},[53,129929,129805],{"class":98},[53,129931,102],{"class":67},[53,129933,253],{"class":252},[53,129935,602],{"class":256},[53,129937,253],{"class":252},[53,129939,108],{"class":67},[53,129941,129942],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,129943,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,129945,129946,129948,129950,129953],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,129947,115],{"class":114},[53,129949,102],{"class":67},[53,129951,129952],{"class":98},"new_text",[53,129954,108],{"class":67},[53,129956,129957,129959,129961,129963],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,129958,115],{"class":114},[53,129960,102],{"class":67},[53,129962,34572],{"class":98},[53,129964,108],{"class":67},[14,129966,129967],{},[23,129968,328],{},[44,129970,129972],{"className":46,"code":129971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,129973,129974,129983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129975,129976,129978,129980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129977,34731],{"class":59},[53,129979,75],{"class":67},[53,129981,129982],{"class":59}," Sam\n",[53,129984,129985,129987,129989],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,129986,34731],{"class":59},[53,129988,75],{"class":67},[53,129990,9705],{"class":67},[14,129992,807,129993,129995,129996,129998],{},[18,129994,34572],{}," stays the same. ",[18,129997,126085],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[39,130000,2039],{"id":2038},[14,130002,130003],{},"The general form is:",[44,130005,130007],{"className":46,"code":130006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130008,130009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130010,130011,130013,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130012,253],{"class":43190},[53,130014,130015],{"class":43194},"text {}",[53,130017,253],{"class":43190},[53,130019,95],{"class":67},[53,130021,129805],{"class":98},[53,130023,102],{"class":67},[53,130025,2350],{"class":98},[53,130027,108],{"class":67},[14,130029,130030],{},"Key idea:",[140,130032,130033,130039,130042],{},[143,130034,130035,130036,130038],{},"each ",[18,130037,3671],{}," is a placeholder",[143,130040,130041],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[143,130043,130044],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130046,235],{},[44,130048,130050],{"className":46,"code":130049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130051,130052,130065,130079,130083,130121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130053,130054,130057,130059,130061,130063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130055,130056],{"class":59},"animal ",[53,130058,64],{"class":63},[53,130060,264],{"class":252},[53,130062,36909],{"class":256},[53,130064,3239],{"class":252},[53,130066,130067,130070,130072,130074,130077],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130068,130069],{"class":59},"sound ",[53,130071,64],{"class":63},[53,130073,264],{"class":252},[53,130075,130076],{"class":256},"meow",[53,130078,3239],{"class":252},[53,130080,130081],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,130082,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,130084,130085,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107,130109,130111,130114,130116,130119],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,130086,130087],{"class":59},"sentence ",[53,130089,64],{"class":63},[53,130091,264],{"class":252},[53,130093,16],{"class":256},[53,130095,3671],{"class":71},[53,130097,130098],{"class":256}," says ",[53,130100,3671],{"class":71},[53,130102,95],{"class":256},[53,130104,253],{"class":252},[53,130106,95],{"class":67},[53,130108,129805],{"class":98},[53,130110,102],{"class":67},[53,130112,130113],{"class":98},"animal",[53,130115,75],{"class":67},[53,130117,130118],{"class":98}," sound",[53,130120,108],{"class":67},[53,130122,130123,130125,130127,130130],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,130124,115],{"class":114},[53,130126,102],{"class":67},[53,130128,130129],{"class":98},"sentence",[53,130131,108],{"class":67},[14,130133,130134],{},[23,130135,328],{},[44,130137,130139],{"className":46,"code":130138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130140,130141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130142,130143,130146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130144,130145],{"class":59},"The cat says meow",[53,130147,122114],{"class":67},[14,130149,130150],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[39,130152,130154],{"id":130153},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130156,130157,130158,130160],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130159,3671],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[44,130162,130164],{"className":46,"code":130163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130165,130166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130167,130168,130170,130172,130174,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195,130198,130200,130202,130204,130207,130209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130169,115],{"class":114},[53,130171,102],{"class":67},[53,130173,253],{"class":252},[53,130175,130176],{"class":256},"I like ",[53,130178,3671],{"class":71},[53,130180,4269],{"class":256},[53,130182,3671],{"class":71},[53,130184,95],{"class":256},[53,130186,253],{"class":252},[53,130188,95],{"class":67},[53,130190,129805],{"class":98},[53,130192,102],{"class":67},[53,130194,253],{"class":252},[53,130196,130197],{"class":256},"pizza",[53,130199,253],{"class":252},[53,130201,75],{"class":67},[53,130203,264],{"class":252},[53,130205,130206],{"class":256},"pasta",[53,130208,253],{"class":252},[53,130210,1907],{"class":67},[14,130212,130213],{},[23,130214,328],{},[44,130216,130218],{"className":46,"code":130217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130219,130220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130221,130222,130225,130227,130230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130223,130224],{"class":59},"I like pizza ",[53,130226,129847],{"class":63},[53,130228,130229],{"class":59}," pasta",[53,130231,122114],{"class":67},[14,130233,130234,130235,4269,130238,95],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130236,130237],{},"{0}",[18,130239,130240],{},"{1}",[14,130242,130243],{},"This is helpful when:",[140,130245,130246,130249],{},[143,130247,130248],{},"you want to reuse a value",[143,130250,130251],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130253,130254],{},"Example with reused values:",[44,130256,130258],{"className":46,"code":130257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130259,130260,130294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130261,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130273,130275,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130263,34551],{"class":59},[53,130265,64],{"class":63},[53,130267,264],{"class":252},[53,130269,130237],{"class":71},[53,130271,130272],{"class":256}," is learning Python. ",[53,130274,130237],{"class":71},[53,130276,130277],{"class":256}," likes coding.",[53,130279,253],{"class":252},[53,130281,95],{"class":67},[53,130283,129805],{"class":98},[53,130285,102],{"class":67},[53,130287,253],{"class":252},[53,130289,19746],{"class":256},[53,130291,253],{"class":252},[53,130293,108],{"class":67},[53,130295,130296,130298,130300,130302],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130297,115],{"class":114},[53,130299,102],{"class":67},[53,130301,34572],{"class":98},[53,130303,108],{"class":67},[14,130305,130306],{},[23,130307,328],{},[44,130309,130311],{"className":46,"code":130310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130312,130313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130314,130315,130318,130320,130323,130325,130328,130331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130316,130317],{"class":59},"Lina ",[53,130319,12059],{"class":63},[53,130321,130322],{"class":59}," learning Python",[53,130324,95],{"class":67},[53,130326,130327],{"class":24615}," Lina",[53,130329,130330],{"class":59}," likes coding",[53,130332,122114],{"class":67},[14,130334,130335],{},"Example with changed order:",[44,130337,130339],{"className":46,"code":130338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130340,130341,130381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130342,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130344,34551],{"class":59},[53,130346,64],{"class":63},[53,130348,264],{"class":252},[53,130350,130240],{"class":71},[53,130352,83053],{"class":256},[53,130354,130237],{"class":71},[53,130356,95],{"class":256},[53,130358,253],{"class":252},[53,130360,95],{"class":67},[53,130362,129805],{"class":98},[53,130364,102],{"class":67},[53,130366,253],{"class":252},[53,130368,6455],{"class":256},[53,130370,253],{"class":252},[53,130372,75],{"class":67},[53,130374,264],{"class":252},[53,130376,78998],{"class":256},[53,130378,253],{"class":252},[53,130380,108],{"class":67},[53,130382,130383,130385,130387,130389],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130384,115],{"class":114},[53,130386,102],{"class":67},[53,130388,34572],{"class":98},[53,130390,108],{"class":67},[14,130392,130393],{},[23,130394,328],{},[44,130396,130398],{"className":46,"code":130397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130399,130400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130401,130402,130405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130403,130404],{"class":59},"two comes after one",[53,130406,122114],{"class":67},[14,130408,130409,130410,130412],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130411,3671],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[39,130414,130416],{"id":130415},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130418,130419,130420,95],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130421,130422],{},"{name}",[14,130424,130425,130426,597],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130427,126085],{},[44,130429,130431],{"className":46,"code":130430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130432,130433,130485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130434,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130448,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130436,34551],{"class":59},[53,130438,64],{"class":63},[53,130440,264],{"class":252},[53,130442,129789],{"class":256},[53,130444,130422],{"class":71},[53,130446,130447],{"class":256}," and I live in ",[53,130449,130450],{"class":71},"{city}",[53,130452,95],{"class":256},[53,130454,253],{"class":252},[53,130456,95],{"class":67},[53,130458,129805],{"class":98},[53,130460,102],{"class":67},[53,130462,592],{"class":9043},[53,130464,64],{"class":63},[53,130466,253],{"class":252},[53,130468,12747],{"class":256},[53,130470,253],{"class":252},[53,130472,75],{"class":67},[53,130474,31250],{"class":9043},[53,130476,64],{"class":63},[53,130478,253],{"class":252},[53,130480,15895],{"class":256},[53,130482,253],{"class":252},[53,130484,108],{"class":67},[53,130486,130487,130489,130491,130493],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130488,115],{"class":114},[53,130490,102],{"class":67},[53,130492,34572],{"class":98},[53,130494,108],{"class":67},[14,130496,130497],{},[23,130498,328],{},[44,130500,130502],{"className":46,"code":130501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130503,130504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130505,130506,130508,130510,130513,130515,130518,130520,130523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130507,129839],{"class":59},[53,130509,12059],{"class":63},[53,130511,130512],{"class":59}," Ana ",[53,130514,129847],{"class":63},[53,130516,130517],{"class":59}," I live ",[53,130519,1565],{"class":63},[53,130521,130522],{"class":59}," Lima",[53,130524,122114],{"class":67},[14,130526,130527],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[140,130529,130530,130533,130536],{},[143,130531,130532],{},"they make code easier to read",[143,130534,130535],{},"they help when a string has many values",[143,130537,130538],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130540,235],{},[44,130542,130544],{"className":46,"code":130543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130545,130546,130598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130547,130548,130551,130553,130555,130558,130561,130564,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579,130581,130584,130586,130588,130591,130593,130596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130549,130550],{"class":59},"report ",[53,130552,64],{"class":63},[53,130554,264],{"class":252},[53,130556,130557],{"class":256},"Student: ",[53,130559,130560],{"class":71},"{student}",[53,130562,130563],{"class":256},", Score: ",[53,130565,130566],{"class":71},"{score}",[53,130568,253],{"class":252},[53,130570,95],{"class":67},[53,130572,129805],{"class":98},[53,130574,102],{"class":67},[53,130576,13489],{"class":9043},[53,130578,64],{"class":63},[53,130580,253],{"class":252},[53,130582,130583],{"class":256},"Noah",[53,130585,253],{"class":252},[53,130587,75],{"class":67},[53,130589,130590],{"class":9043}," score",[53,130592,64],{"class":63},[53,130594,130595],{"class":71},"95",[53,130597,108],{"class":67},[53,130599,130600,130602,130604,130606],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130601,115],{"class":114},[53,130603,102],{"class":67},[53,130605,127795],{"class":98},[53,130607,108],{"class":67},[14,130609,130610],{},[23,130611,328],{},[44,130613,130615],{"className":46,"code":130614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130616,130617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130618,130619,130622,130624,130627,130629,130632,130634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130620,130621],{"class":59},"Student",[53,130623,597],{"class":67},[53,130625,130626],{"class":59}," Noah",[53,130628,75],{"class":67},[53,130630,130631],{"class":59}," Score",[53,130633,597],{"class":67},[53,130635,130636],{"class":71}," 95\n",[14,130638,130639,130640,95],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[183,130641,3457,130642,3390],{"href":42037},[18,130643,47546],{},[39,130645,130647],{"id":130646},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130649,130650,130652],{},[18,130651,126085],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130654,130655,130656,130659],{},"A common example is ",[18,130657,130658],{},":.2f",", which means:",[140,130661,130662,130665],{},[143,130663,130664],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[143,130666,130667],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130669,235],{},[44,130671,130673],{"className":46,"code":130672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130674,130675,130683,130712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130676,130677,130679,130681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130678,40250],{"class":59},[53,130680,64],{"class":63},[53,130682,49139],{"class":71},[53,130684,130685,130687,130689,130691,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130686,34551],{"class":59},[53,130688,64],{"class":63},[53,130690,264],{"class":252},[53,130692,130693],{"class":256},"Price: $",[53,130695,9145],{"class":71},[53,130697,130658],{"class":1945},[53,130699,22168],{"class":71},[53,130701,253],{"class":252},[53,130703,95],{"class":67},[53,130705,129805],{"class":98},[53,130707,102],{"class":67},[53,130709,25015],{"class":98},[53,130711,108],{"class":67},[53,130713,130714,130716,130718,130720],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,130715,115],{"class":114},[53,130717,102],{"class":67},[53,130719,34572],{"class":98},[53,130721,108],{"class":67},[14,130723,130724],{},[23,130725,328],{},[44,130727,130729],{"className":46,"code":130728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130730,130731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130732,130733,130736,130738,130741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130734,130735],{"class":59},"Price",[53,130737,597],{"class":67},[53,130739,130740],{"class":37229}," $",[53,130742,130743],{"class":71},"3.50\n",[14,130745,51943],{},[44,130747,130749],{"className":46,"code":130748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130750,130751,130761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130752,130753,130756,130758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130754,130755],{"class":59},"average ",[53,130757,64],{"class":63},[53,130759,130760],{"class":71}," 91.236\n",[53,130762,130763,130765,130767,130769,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130789],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130764,115],{"class":114},[53,130766,102],{"class":67},[53,130768,253],{"class":252},[53,130770,130771],{"class":256},"Average: ",[53,130773,9145],{"class":71},[53,130775,130658],{"class":1945},[53,130777,22168],{"class":71},[53,130779,253],{"class":252},[53,130781,95],{"class":67},[53,130783,129805],{"class":98},[53,130785,102],{"class":67},[53,130787,130788],{"class":98},"average",[53,130790,1907],{"class":67},[14,130792,130793],{},[23,130794,328],{},[44,130796,130798],{"className":46,"code":130797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,130799,130800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130801,130802,130805,130807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130803,130804],{"class":59},"Average",[53,130806,597],{"class":67},[53,130808,130809],{"class":71}," 91.24\n",[14,130811,130812],{},"This is useful for:",[140,130814,130815,130817,130820],{},[143,130816,82811],{},[143,130818,130819],{},"averages",[143,130821,130822],{},"percentages",[14,130824,130825,130826,95],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[183,130827,3457,130828,2182],{"href":46311},[18,130829,46314],{},[39,130831,17284],{"id":17283},[14,130833,130834,92248],{},[18,130835,126085],{},[14,130837,130838],{},"That means you can:",[140,130840,130841,130844,130847],{},[143,130842,130843],{},"save it in a variable",[143,130845,130846],{},"print it directly",[143,130848,130849],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130851,235],{},[44,130853,130855],{"className":46,"code":130854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,130856,130857,130888,130898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130858,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130884,130886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130860,89734],{"class":59},[53,130862,64],{"class":63},[53,130864,264],{"class":252},[53,130866,44764],{"class":256},[53,130868,3671],{"class":71},[53,130870,89575],{"class":256},[53,130872,253],{"class":252},[53,130874,95],{"class":67},[53,130876,129805],{"class":98},[53,130878,102],{"class":67},[53,130880,253],{"class":252},[53,130882,130883],{"class":256},"Chris",[53,130885,253],{"class":252},[53,130887,108],{"class":67},[53,130889,130890,130892,130894,130896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130891,115],{"class":114},[53,130893,102],{"class":67},[53,130895,89751],{"class":98},[53,130897,108],{"class":67},[53,130899,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,130901,115],{"class":114},[53,130903,102],{"class":67},[53,130905,3102],{"class":2782},[53,130907,102],{"class":67},[53,130909,89751],{"class":98},[53,130911,1907],{"class":67},[14,130913,130914],{},[23,130915,328],{},[44,130917,130919],{"className":46,"code":130918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,130920,130921,130930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130922,130923,130925,130927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130924,34731],{"class":59},[53,130926,75],{"class":67},[53,130928,130929],{"class":59}," Chris!\n",[53,130931,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130933,3171],{"class":63},[53,130935,3174],{"class":1945},[53,130937,350],{"class":252},[53,130939,3324],{"class":256},[53,130941,341],{"class":252},[53,130943,3183],{"class":63},[14,130945,130946],{},"The original string is not changed.",[39,130948,130950,130952],{"id":130949},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,130951,126085],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130954,130955,130957],{},[18,130956,126085],{}," is a string method.",[14,130959,130960],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130962,45903,130963,597],{},[18,130964,126085],{},[44,130966,130968],{"className":46,"code":130967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,130969,130970,130983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130971,130972,130974,130976,130978,130981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130973,7743],{"class":59},[53,130975,64],{"class":63},[53,130977,264],{"class":252},[53,130979,130980],{"class":256},"Rita",[53,130982,3239],{"class":252},[53,130984,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,130986,115],{"class":114},[53,130988,102],{"class":67},[53,130990,253],{"class":252},[53,130992,44764],{"class":256},[53,130994,3671],{"class":71},[53,130996,89575],{"class":256},[53,130998,253],{"class":252},[53,131000,95],{"class":67},[53,131002,129805],{"class":98},[53,131004,102],{"class":67},[53,131006,592],{"class":98},[53,131008,1907],{"class":67},[14,131010,131011],{},"Example with an f-string:",[44,131013,131015],{"className":46,"code":131014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131016,131017,131029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131018,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131020,7743],{"class":59},[53,131022,64],{"class":63},[53,131024,264],{"class":252},[53,131026,130980],{"class":256},[53,131028,3239],{"class":252},[53,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131048],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131032,115],{"class":114},[53,131034,102],{"class":67},[53,131036,22159],{"class":1945},[53,131038,43208],{"class":256},[53,131040,9145],{"class":71},[53,131042,592],{"class":98},[53,131044,22168],{"class":71},[53,131046,131047],{"class":256},"!\"",[53,131049,108],{"class":67},[14,131051,131052],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131054,131055,131056,131058,131059,95],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131057,126085],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[183,131060,89420],{"href":89419},[39,131062,2709],{"id":2708},[14,131064,131065,131066,95],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131067,126085],{},[830,131069,131071],{"id":131070},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131073,131074],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[44,131076,131078],{"className":46,"code":131077,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131079,131080,131113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131081,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105,131107,131109,131111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131083,34551],{"class":59},[53,131085,64],{"class":63},[53,131087,264],{"class":252},[53,131089,44764],{"class":256},[53,131091,3671],{"class":71},[53,131093,131094],{"class":71}," {}",[53,131096,89575],{"class":256},[53,131098,253],{"class":252},[53,131100,95],{"class":67},[53,131102,129805],{"class":98},[53,131104,102],{"class":67},[53,131106,253],{"class":252},[53,131108,602],{"class":256},[53,131110,253],{"class":252},[53,131112,108],{"class":67},[53,131114,131115,131117,131119,131121],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131116,115],{"class":114},[53,131118,102],{"class":67},[53,131120,34572],{"class":98},[53,131122,108],{"class":67},[14,131124,131125],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131127,131128],{},"Fixed version:",[44,131130,131132],{"className":46,"code":131131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131133,131134,131175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131135,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131171,131173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131137,34551],{"class":59},[53,131139,64],{"class":63},[53,131141,264],{"class":252},[53,131143,44764],{"class":256},[53,131145,3671],{"class":71},[53,131147,131094],{"class":71},[53,131149,89575],{"class":256},[53,131151,253],{"class":252},[53,131153,95],{"class":67},[53,131155,129805],{"class":98},[53,131157,102],{"class":67},[53,131159,253],{"class":252},[53,131161,602],{"class":256},[53,131163,253],{"class":252},[53,131165,75],{"class":67},[53,131167,264],{"class":252},[53,131169,131170],{"class":256},"Lee",[53,131172,253],{"class":252},[53,131174,108],{"class":67},[53,131176,131177,131179,131181,131183],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131178,115],{"class":114},[53,131180,102],{"class":67},[53,131182,34572],{"class":98},[53,131184,108],{"class":67},[830,131186,131188],{"id":131187},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131190,131191,131192,95],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131193,126085],{},[14,131195,131196],{},"Problem:",[44,131198,131200],{"className":46,"code":131199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131201,131202,131236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131203,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131205,34551],{"class":59},[53,131207,64],{"class":63},[53,131209,264],{"class":252},[53,131211,44764],{"class":256},[53,131213,130422],{"class":71},[53,131215,89575],{"class":256},[53,131217,253],{"class":252},[53,131219,95],{"class":67},[53,131221,129805],{"class":98},[53,131223,102],{"class":67},[53,131225,7852],{"class":9043},[53,131227,64],{"class":63},[53,131229,253],{"class":252},[53,131231,602],{"class":256},[53,131233,253],{"class":252},[53,131235,108],{"class":67},[53,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131239,115],{"class":114},[53,131241,102],{"class":67},[53,131243,34572],{"class":98},[53,131245,108],{"class":67},[14,131247,131128],{},[44,131249,131251],{"className":46,"code":131250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131252,131253,131287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131254,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131256,34551],{"class":59},[53,131258,64],{"class":63},[53,131260,264],{"class":252},[53,131262,44764],{"class":256},[53,131264,130422],{"class":71},[53,131266,89575],{"class":256},[53,131268,253],{"class":252},[53,131270,95],{"class":67},[53,131272,129805],{"class":98},[53,131274,102],{"class":67},[53,131276,592],{"class":9043},[53,131278,64],{"class":63},[53,131280,253],{"class":252},[53,131282,602],{"class":256},[53,131284,253],{"class":252},[53,131286,108],{"class":67},[53,131288,131289,131291,131293,131295],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131290,115],{"class":114},[53,131292,102],{"class":67},[53,131294,34572],{"class":98},[53,131296,108],{"class":67},[830,131298,8319,131300,131302],{"id":131299},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131301,126085],{}," to change the original string",[14,131304,131305,131307],{},[18,131306,126085],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131309,131196],{},[44,131311,131313],{"className":46,"code":131312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131314,131315,131329,131347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131316,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131318,34551],{"class":59},[53,131320,64],{"class":63},[53,131322,264],{"class":252},[53,131324,44764],{"class":256},[53,131326,3671],{"class":71},[53,131328,3239],{"class":252},[53,131330,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131332,34572],{"class":59},[53,131334,95],{"class":67},[53,131336,129805],{"class":98},[53,131338,102],{"class":67},[53,131340,253],{"class":252},[53,131342,602],{"class":256},[53,131344,253],{"class":252},[53,131346,108],{"class":67},[53,131348,131349,131351,131353,131355],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131350,115],{"class":114},[53,131352,102],{"class":67},[53,131354,34572],{"class":98},[53,131356,108],{"class":67},[14,131358,131359],{},[23,131360,328],{},[44,131362,131364],{"className":46,"code":131363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131365,131366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131367,131368,131370,131372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131369,34731],{"class":59},[53,131371,75],{"class":67},[53,131373,9705],{"class":67},[14,131375,131128],{},[44,131377,131379],{"className":46,"code":131378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131380,131381,131395,131417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131382,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131384,34551],{"class":59},[53,131386,64],{"class":63},[53,131388,264],{"class":252},[53,131390,44764],{"class":256},[53,131392,3671],{"class":71},[53,131394,3239],{"class":252},[53,131396,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131398,34551],{"class":59},[53,131400,64],{"class":63},[53,131402,42704],{"class":59},[53,131404,95],{"class":67},[53,131406,129805],{"class":98},[53,131408,102],{"class":67},[53,131410,253],{"class":252},[53,131412,602],{"class":256},[53,131414,253],{"class":252},[53,131416,108],{"class":67},[53,131418,131419,131421,131423,131425],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131420,115],{"class":114},[53,131422,102],{"class":67},[53,131424,34572],{"class":98},[53,131426,108],{"class":67},[830,131428,4578,131430,131432],{"id":131429},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131431,126085],{}," returns a new string",[14,131434,131435],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[830,131437,131439],{"id":131438},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131441,131442],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131444,131445,131446,131448],{},"Use simple ",[18,131447,3671],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131450,131451,131452,95],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[183,131453,90133],{"href":90132},[39,131455,67622],{"id":67621},[14,131457,131458],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[44,131460,131462],{"className":46,"code":131461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131463,131464,131474,131488,131517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131465,131466,131468,131470,131472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131467,115],{"class":114},[53,131469,102],{"class":67},[53,131471,34572],{"class":98},[53,131473,108],{"class":67},[53,131475,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131477,115],{"class":114},[53,131479,102],{"class":67},[53,131481,3102],{"class":2782},[53,131483,102],{"class":67},[53,131485,2350],{"class":98},[53,131487,1907],{"class":67},[53,131489,131490,131492,131494,131496,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131491,115],{"class":114},[53,131493,102],{"class":67},[53,131495,253],{"class":252},[53,131497,131498],{"class":256},"Hello ",[53,131500,3671],{"class":71},[53,131502,253],{"class":252},[53,131504,95],{"class":67},[53,131506,129805],{"class":98},[53,131508,102],{"class":67},[53,131510,253],{"class":252},[53,131512,602],{"class":256},[53,131514,253],{"class":252},[53,131516,1907],{"class":67},[53,131518,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,131520,32016],{"class":114},[53,131522,102],{"class":67},[53,131524,3324],{"class":2782},[53,131526,95],{"class":67},[53,131528,129805],{"class":24615},[53,131530,108],{"class":67},[14,131532,131533],{},"Use them to check:",[140,131535,131536,131539,131542,131545],{},[143,131537,131538],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[143,131540,131541],{},"what type your value has",[143,131543,131544],{},"whether a small test example works",[143,131546,131547,131548],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131549,131550],{},"str.format",[39,131552,1650],{"id":1649},[830,131554,129586,131556,12582],{"id":131555},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131557,126085],{},[14,131559,131560],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[830,131562,131564],{"id":131563},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131566,131567,131568,131570],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131569,3671],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[830,131572,131574,131575,2370],{"id":131573},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131576,126085],{},[14,131578,131579,131580,131583],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131581,131582],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[830,131585,14766,131587,131589],{"id":131586},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131588,126085],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131591,131592,131593,131595],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131594,126085],{}," is still useful and common.",[39,131597,1782],{"id":1781},[140,131599,131600,131604,131608,131614,131620],{},[143,131601,131602],{},[183,131603,124837],{"href":50839},[143,131605,131606],{},[183,131607,90410],{"href":89419},[143,131609,131610],{},[183,131611,3457,131612,3390],{"href":46311},[18,131613,46314],{},[143,131615,131616],{},[183,131617,3457,131618,3390],{"href":42037},[18,131619,47546],{},[143,131621,131622],{},[183,131623,90133],{"href":90132},[1810,131625,131626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":131628},[131629,131630,131632,131633,131634,131635,131636,131637,131639,131648,131649,131658],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":129872,"depth":89,"text":131631},"What the format() method does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":130153,"depth":89,"text":130154},{"id":130415,"depth":89,"text":130416},{"id":130646,"depth":89,"text":130647},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":130949,"depth":89,"text":131638},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":131640},[131641,131642,131643,131645,131647],{"id":131070,"depth":111,"text":131071},{"id":131187,"depth":111,"text":131188},{"id":131299,"depth":111,"text":131644},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131429,"depth":111,"text":131646},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131438,"depth":111,"text":131439},{"id":67621,"depth":89,"text":67622},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":131650},[131651,131653,131654,131656],{"id":131555,"depth":111,"text":131652},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131563,"depth":111,"text":131564},{"id":131573,"depth":111,"text":131655},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131586,"depth":111,"text":131657},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129732,"description":131659},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131666,"title":131667,"body":131668,"description":133148,"extension":1841,"meta":133149,"navigation":301,"path":133150,"seo":133151,"stem":133152,"__hash__":133153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131669,"toc":133120},[131670,131675,131680,131685,131687,131749,131756,131762,131767,131769,131785,131787,131858,131860,131874,131877,131927,131929,131931,131958,131961,131976,131979,132020,132023,132068,132075,132124,132126,132134,132136,132154,132156,132249,132257,132298,132303,132310,132316,132323,132326,132330,132431,132433,132455,132459,132512,132515,132518,132524,132531,132533,132572,132574,132592,132602,132609,132692,132695,132702,132709,132716,132720,132728,132774,132778,132787,132852,132857,132862,132873,132875,132880,132907,132909,133012,133015,133035,133037,133042,133045,133049,133053,133060,133069,133075,133078,133084,133086,133088,133117],[10,131671,123082,131673,11190],{"id":131672},"python-string-index-method",[18,131674,58693],{},[14,131676,123087,131677,131679],{},[18,131678,58693],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131681,131682,131683,95],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131684,40566],{},[39,131686,1882],{"id":1881},[44,131688,131690],{"className":46,"code":131689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131691,131692,131704,131726,131736,131740,131744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131693,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131695,34551],{"class":59},[53,131697,64],{"class":63},[53,131699,264],{"class":252},[53,131701,60132],{"class":256},[53,131703,3239],{"class":252},[53,131705,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131707,64646],{"class":59},[53,131709,64],{"class":63},[53,131711,42704],{"class":59},[53,131713,95],{"class":67},[53,131715,35711],{"class":98},[53,131717,102],{"class":67},[53,131719,253],{"class":252},[53,131721,60317],{"class":256},[53,131723,253],{"class":252},[53,131725,108],{"class":67},[53,131727,131728,131730,131732,131734],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131729,115],{"class":114},[53,131731,102],{"class":67},[53,131733,64673],{"class":98},[53,131735,108],{"class":67},[53,131737,131738],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,131739,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,131741,131742],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,131743,90551],{"class":127},[53,131745,131746],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,131747,131748],{"class":127},"# 6\n",[14,131750,131,131751,131753,131754,95],{},[18,131752,58693],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131755,40566],{},[39,131757,3556,131759,3559],{"id":131758},"what-strindex-does",[18,131760,131761],{},"str.index()",[14,131763,131764,131766],{},[18,131765,131761],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131768,12919],{},[140,131770,131771,131774,131777,131780],{},[143,131772,131773],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[143,131775,131776],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[143,131778,131779],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[143,131781,30160,131782,131784],{},[18,131783,40566],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131786,235],{},[44,131788,131790],{"className":46,"code":131789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,131791,131792,131804,131808,131833],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131793,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131795,34551],{"class":59},[53,131797,64],{"class":63},[53,131799,264],{"class":252},[53,131801,267],{"class":256},[53,131803,3239],{"class":252},[53,131805,131806],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131807,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,131809,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131811,115],{"class":114},[53,131813,102],{"class":67},[53,131815,34572],{"class":98},[53,131817,95],{"class":67},[53,131819,35711],{"class":98},[53,131821,102],{"class":67},[53,131823,253],{"class":252},[53,131825,183],{"class":256},[53,131827,253],{"class":252},[53,131829,5236],{"class":67},[53,131831,131832],{"class":127},"     # 1\n",[53,131834,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,131836,115],{"class":114},[53,131838,102],{"class":67},[53,131840,34572],{"class":98},[53,131842,95],{"class":67},[53,131844,35711],{"class":98},[53,131846,102],{"class":67},[53,131848,253],{"class":252},[53,131850,123175],{"class":256},[53,131852,253],{"class":252},[53,131854,5236],{"class":67},[53,131856,131857],{"class":127},"    # 2\n",[14,131859,2061],{},[140,131861,131862,131868],{},[143,131863,131864,128295,131866],{},[18,131865,17960],{},[18,131867,72],{},[143,131869,131870,128295,131872],{},[18,131871,128294],{},[18,131873,1937],{},[14,131875,131876],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[44,131878,131880],{"className":46,"code":131879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,131881,131882,131894,131898,131922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131883,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131885,34551],{"class":59},[53,131887,64],{"class":63},[53,131889,264],{"class":252},[53,131891,34731],{"class":256},[53,131893,3239],{"class":252},[53,131895,131896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131897,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,131899,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,131901,115],{"class":114},[53,131903,102],{"class":67},[53,131905,34572],{"class":98},[53,131907,95],{"class":67},[53,131909,35711],{"class":98},[53,131911,102],{"class":67},[53,131913,253],{"class":252},[53,131915,51054],{"class":256},[53,131917,253],{"class":252},[53,131919,5236],{"class":67},[53,131921,20632],{"class":127},[53,131923,131924],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,131925,131926],{"class":127},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[39,131928,2039],{"id":2038},[14,131930,2042],{},[44,131932,131934],{"className":46,"code":131933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,131935,131936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131937,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131939,60900],{"class":59},[53,131941,95],{"class":67},[53,131943,35711],{"class":98},[53,131945,102],{"class":67},[53,131947,2350],{"class":98},[53,131949,75],{"class":67},[53,131951,35917],{"class":98},[53,131953,75],{"class":67},[53,131955,64767],{"class":98},[53,131957,108],{"class":67},[14,131959,131960],{},"Parameters:",[140,131962,131963,131967,131971],{},[143,131964,131965,123274],{},[18,131966,2350],{},[143,131968,131969,128341],{},[18,131970,35938],{},[143,131972,131973,131975],{},[18,131974,29],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131977,131978],{},"You can use just the value:",[44,131980,131982],{"className":46,"code":131981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131983,131984,131996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131987,34551],{"class":59},[53,131989,64],{"class":63},[53,131991,264],{"class":252},[53,131993,48],{"class":256},[53,131995,3239],{"class":252},[53,131997,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,131999,115],{"class":114},[53,132001,102],{"class":67},[53,132003,34572],{"class":98},[53,132005,95],{"class":67},[53,132007,35711],{"class":98},[53,132009,102],{"class":67},[53,132011,253],{"class":252},[53,132013,63013],{"class":256},[53,132015,253],{"class":252},[53,132017,5236],{"class":67},[53,132019,51278],{"class":127},[14,132021,132022],{},"Or include a start position:",[44,132024,132026],{"className":46,"code":132025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132027,132028,132040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132029,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132031,34551],{"class":59},[53,132033,64],{"class":63},[53,132035,264],{"class":252},[53,132037,267],{"class":256},[53,132039,3239],{"class":252},[53,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132043,115],{"class":114},[53,132045,102],{"class":67},[53,132047,34572],{"class":98},[53,132049,95],{"class":67},[53,132051,35711],{"class":98},[53,132053,102],{"class":67},[53,132055,253],{"class":252},[53,132057,183],{"class":256},[53,132059,253],{"class":252},[53,132061,75],{"class":67},[53,132063,78],{"class":71},[53,132065,5236],{"class":67},[53,132067,50634],{"class":127},[14,132069,132070,132071,4269,132073,597],{},"Or include both ",[18,132072,35938],{},[18,132074,29],{},[44,132076,132078],{"className":46,"code":132077,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132079,132080,132092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132081,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132083,34551],{"class":59},[53,132085,64],{"class":63},[53,132087,264],{"class":252},[53,132089,267],{"class":256},[53,132091,3239],{"class":252},[53,132093,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132095,115],{"class":114},[53,132097,102],{"class":67},[53,132099,34572],{"class":98},[53,132101,95],{"class":67},[53,132103,35711],{"class":98},[53,132105,102],{"class":67},[53,132107,253],{"class":252},[53,132109,183],{"class":256},[53,132111,253],{"class":252},[53,132113,75],{"class":67},[53,132115,78],{"class":71},[53,132117,75],{"class":67},[53,132119,1577],{"class":71},[53,132121,5236],{"class":67},[53,132123,50634],{"class":127},[39,132125,37883],{"id":37882},[14,132127,28574,132128,132130,132131,95],{},[18,132129,58693],{}," is a ",[23,132132,132133],{},"zero-based index",[14,132135,1987],{},[140,132137,132138,132144,132149],{},[143,132139,132140,132141,132143],{},"Index ",[18,132142,2000],{}," is the first character",[143,132145,132140,132146,132148],{},[18,132147,72],{}," is the second character",[143,132150,132140,132151,132153],{},[18,132152,1937],{}," is the third character",[14,132155,235],{},[44,132157,132159],{"className":46,"code":132158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132160,132161,132173,132177,132201,132225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132162,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132164,34551],{"class":59},[53,132166,64],{"class":63},[53,132168,264],{"class":252},[53,132170,36909],{"class":256},[53,132172,3239],{"class":252},[53,132174,132175],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132176,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132180,115],{"class":114},[53,132182,102],{"class":67},[53,132184,34572],{"class":98},[53,132186,95],{"class":67},[53,132188,35711],{"class":98},[53,132190,102],{"class":67},[53,132192,253],{"class":252},[53,132194,1428],{"class":256},[53,132196,253],{"class":252},[53,132198,5236],{"class":67},[53,132200,51110],{"class":127},[53,132202,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,132204,115],{"class":114},[53,132206,102],{"class":67},[53,132208,34572],{"class":98},[53,132210,95],{"class":67},[53,132212,35711],{"class":98},[53,132214,102],{"class":67},[53,132216,253],{"class":252},[53,132218,183],{"class":256},[53,132220,253],{"class":252},[53,132222,5236],{"class":67},[53,132224,27645],{"class":127},[53,132226,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,132228,115],{"class":114},[53,132230,102],{"class":67},[53,132232,34572],{"class":98},[53,132234,95],{"class":67},[53,132236,35711],{"class":98},[53,132238,102],{"class":67},[53,132240,253],{"class":252},[53,132242,63013],{"class":256},[53,132244,253],{"class":252},[53,132246,5236],{"class":67},[53,132248,51278],{"class":127},[14,132250,132251,132253,132254,132256],{},[18,132252,58693],{}," returns only the ",[23,132255,29775],{}," matching position.",[44,132258,132260],{"className":46,"code":132259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132261,132262,132274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132263,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132265,34551],{"class":59},[53,132267,64],{"class":63},[53,132269,264],{"class":252},[53,132271,267],{"class":256},[53,132273,3239],{"class":252},[53,132275,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132277,115],{"class":114},[53,132279,102],{"class":67},[53,132281,34572],{"class":98},[53,132283,95],{"class":67},[53,132285,35711],{"class":98},[53,132287,102],{"class":67},[53,132289,253],{"class":252},[53,132291,183],{"class":256},[53,132293,253],{"class":252},[53,132295,5236],{"class":67},[53,132297,27645],{"class":127},[14,132299,20842,132300,132302],{},[18,132301,17960],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132304,132305,132306,95],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[183,132307,132308,10608],{"href":124532},[18,132309,58315],{},[39,132311,833,132312,4269,132314],{"id":65133},[18,132313,35938],{},[18,132315,29],{},[14,132317,16,132318,4269,132320,132322],{},[18,132319,35938],{},[18,132321,29],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132324,132325],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132327,45903,132328,597],{},[18,132329,35938],{},[44,132331,132333],{"className":46,"code":132332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132334,132335,132347,132351,132375,132403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132336,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132338,34551],{"class":59},[53,132340,64],{"class":63},[53,132342,264],{"class":252},[53,132344,267],{"class":256},[53,132346,3239],{"class":252},[53,132348,132349],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132350,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,132352,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132354,115],{"class":114},[53,132356,102],{"class":67},[53,132358,34572],{"class":98},[53,132360,95],{"class":67},[53,132362,35711],{"class":98},[53,132364,102],{"class":67},[53,132366,253],{"class":252},[53,132368,183],{"class":256},[53,132370,253],{"class":252},[53,132372,5236],{"class":67},[53,132374,50983],{"class":127},[53,132376,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,132378,115],{"class":114},[53,132380,102],{"class":67},[53,132382,34572],{"class":98},[53,132384,95],{"class":67},[53,132386,35711],{"class":98},[53,132388,102],{"class":67},[53,132390,253],{"class":252},[53,132392,183],{"class":256},[53,132394,253],{"class":252},[53,132396,75],{"class":67},[53,132398,78],{"class":71},[53,132400,5236],{"class":67},[53,132402,50833],{"class":127},[53,132404,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,132406,115],{"class":114},[53,132408,102],{"class":67},[53,132410,34572],{"class":98},[53,132412,95],{"class":67},[53,132414,35711],{"class":98},[53,132416,102],{"class":67},[53,132418,253],{"class":252},[53,132420,183],{"class":256},[53,132422,253],{"class":252},[53,132424,75],{"class":67},[53,132426,759],{"class":71},[53,132428,5236],{"class":67},[53,132430,50617],{"class":127},[14,132432,19821],{},[140,132434,132435,132442,132448],{},[143,132436,132437,132438,65323,132440],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132439,17960],{},[18,132441,72],{},[143,132443,132444,132445,132447],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132446,1937],{}," skips that first match",[143,132449,132444,132450,132452,132453],{},[18,132451,105],{}," finds the last ",[18,132454,17960],{},[14,132456,45903,132457,597],{},[18,132458,29],{},[44,132460,132462],{"className":46,"code":132461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132463,132464,132476,132480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132465,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132467,34551],{"class":59},[53,132469,64],{"class":63},[53,132471,264],{"class":252},[53,132473,267],{"class":256},[53,132475,3239],{"class":252},[53,132477,132478],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132479,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,132481,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132483,115],{"class":114},[53,132485,102],{"class":67},[53,132487,34572],{"class":98},[53,132489,95],{"class":67},[53,132491,35711],{"class":98},[53,132493,102],{"class":67},[53,132495,253],{"class":252},[53,132497,75757],{"class":256},[53,132499,253],{"class":252},[53,132501,75],{"class":67},[53,132503,3713],{"class":71},[53,132505,75],{"class":67},[53,132507,759],{"class":71},[53,132509,5236],{"class":67},[53,132511,51278],{"class":127},[14,132513,132514],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132516,132517],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[39,132519,44075,132521,132523],{"id":132520},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132522,58693],{}," causes an error",[14,132525,132526,132527,52358,132529,95],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132528,58693],{},[18,132530,40566],{},[14,132532,235],{},[44,132534,132536],{"className":46,"code":132535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132537,132538,132550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132539,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132541,34551],{"class":59},[53,132543,64],{"class":63},[53,132545,264],{"class":252},[53,132547,556],{"class":256},[53,132549,3239],{"class":252},[53,132551,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132553,115],{"class":114},[53,132555,102],{"class":67},[53,132557,34572],{"class":98},[53,132559,95],{"class":67},[53,132561,35711],{"class":98},[53,132563,102],{"class":67},[53,132565,253],{"class":252},[53,132567,21942],{"class":256},[53,132569,253],{"class":252},[53,132571,1907],{"class":67},[14,132573,328],{},[44,132575,132577],{"className":46,"code":132576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132578,132579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132580,132581,132583,132585,132588,132590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132582,40566],{"class":2782},[53,132584,597],{"class":67},[53,132586,132587],{"class":59}," substring ",[53,132589,36],{"class":63},[53,132591,65556],{"class":59},[14,132593,814,132594,126048,132599,132601],{},[183,132595,132596],{"href":129726},[18,132597,132598],{},"str.find()",[18,132600,65581],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132603,132604,132605,4269,132607,597],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132606,29670],{},[18,132608,29701],{},[44,132610,132612],{"className":46,"code":132611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132613,132614,132626,132630,132636,132659,132669,132677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132615,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132617,34551],{"class":59},[53,132619,64],{"class":63},[53,132621,264],{"class":252},[53,132623,556],{"class":256},[53,132625,3239],{"class":252},[53,132627,132628],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132629,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,132631,132632,132634],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132633,29670],{"class":1558},[53,132635,6265],{"class":67},[53,132637,132638,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,132639,132640],{"class":59},"    position ",[53,132642,64],{"class":63},[53,132644,42704],{"class":59},[53,132646,95],{"class":67},[53,132648,35711],{"class":98},[53,132650,102],{"class":67},[53,132652,253],{"class":252},[53,132654,21942],{"class":256},[53,132656,253],{"class":252},[53,132658,108],{"class":67},[53,132660,132661,132663,132665,132667],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,132662,7936],{"class":114},[53,132664,102],{"class":67},[53,132666,64673],{"class":98},[53,132668,108],{"class":67},[53,132670,132671,132673,132675],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,132672,29701],{"class":1558},[53,132674,41789],{"class":2782},[53,132676,6265],{"class":67},[53,132678,132679,132681,132683,132685,132688,132690],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,132680,7936],{"class":114},[53,132682,102],{"class":67},[53,132684,253],{"class":252},[53,132686,132687],{"class":256},"Substring not found",[53,132689,253],{"class":252},[53,132691,108],{"class":67},[14,132693,132694],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132696,41809,132697,95],{},[183,132698,25545,132700],{"href":132699},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132701,129053],{},[39,132703,132705,10452,132707],{"id":132704},"index-vs-find",[18,132706,58693],{},[18,132708,124077],{},[14,132710,132711,4269,132713,132715],{},[18,132712,58693],{},[18,132714,124077],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[830,132717,132718],{"id":35711},[18,132719,58693],{},[140,132721,132722,132725],{},[143,132723,132724],{},"Returns the first match position",[143,132726,132727],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[44,132729,132731],{"className":46,"code":132730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132732,132733,132745,132769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132734,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132736,34551],{"class":59},[53,132738,64],{"class":63},[53,132740,264],{"class":252},[53,132742,556],{"class":256},[53,132744,3239],{"class":252},[53,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132748,115],{"class":114},[53,132750,102],{"class":67},[53,132752,34572],{"class":98},[53,132754,95],{"class":67},[53,132756,35711],{"class":98},[53,132758,102],{"class":67},[53,132760,253],{"class":252},[53,132762,60173],{"class":256},[53,132764,253],{"class":252},[53,132766,5236],{"class":67},[53,132768,27645],{"class":127},[53,132770,132771],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132772,132773],{"class":127},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[830,132775,132776],{"id":128107},[18,132777,124077],{},[140,132779,132780,132782],{},[143,132781,132724],{},[143,132783,11292,132784,132786],{},[18,132785,65581],{}," if nothing is found",[44,132788,132790],{"className":46,"code":132789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,132791,132792,132804,132828],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132793,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132795,34551],{"class":59},[53,132797,64],{"class":63},[53,132799,264],{"class":252},[53,132801,556],{"class":256},[53,132803,3239],{"class":252},[53,132805,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132807,115],{"class":114},[53,132809,102],{"class":67},[53,132811,34572],{"class":98},[53,132813,95],{"class":67},[53,132815,128107],{"class":98},[53,132817,102],{"class":67},[53,132819,253],{"class":252},[53,132821,60173],{"class":256},[53,132823,253],{"class":252},[53,132825,5236],{"class":67},[53,132827,27645],{"class":127},[53,132829,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132831,115],{"class":114},[53,132833,102],{"class":67},[53,132835,34572],{"class":98},[53,132837,95],{"class":67},[53,132839,128107],{"class":98},[53,132841,102],{"class":67},[53,132843,253],{"class":252},[53,132845,21942],{"class":256},[53,132847,253],{"class":252},[53,132849,5236],{"class":67},[53,132851,128463],{"class":127},[14,132853,131,132854,132856],{},[18,132855,58693],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132858,131,132859,132861],{},[18,132860,124077],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132863,132864,132865,2758,132870,95],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[183,132866,132867,132869],{"href":129726},[18,132868,132598],{}," method reference",[183,132871,127118],{"href":132872},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[39,132874,2709],{"id":2708},[14,132876,132877,132878,597],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,132879,58693],{},[140,132881,132882,132885,132892,132897,132902],{},[143,132883,132884],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[143,132886,8319,132887,8322,132889,132891],{},[18,132888,58693],{},[18,132890,65581],{}," when no match exists",[143,132893,833,132894,132896],{},[18,132895,58693],{}," on a value that may not be present",[143,132898,132899,132900],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,132901,72],{},[143,132903,4454,132904,132906],{},[18,132905,58693],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132908,62021],{},[44,132910,132912],{"className":46,"code":132911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,132913,132914,132924,132938,132960,132982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132915,132916,132918,132920,132922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132917,115],{"class":114},[53,132919,102],{"class":67},[53,132921,34572],{"class":98},[53,132923,108],{"class":67},[53,132925,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,132927,115],{"class":114},[53,132929,102],{"class":67},[53,132931,41642],{"class":114},[53,132933,102],{"class":67},[53,132935,34572],{"class":98},[53,132937,1907],{"class":67},[53,132939,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956,132958],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,132941,115],{"class":114},[53,132943,102],{"class":67},[53,132945,34572],{"class":98},[53,132947,95],{"class":67},[53,132949,35711],{"class":98},[53,132951,102],{"class":67},[53,132953,253],{"class":252},[53,132955,2350],{"class":256},[53,132957,253],{"class":252},[53,132959,1907],{"class":67},[53,132961,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,132963,115],{"class":114},[53,132965,102],{"class":67},[53,132967,34572],{"class":98},[53,132969,95],{"class":67},[53,132971,128107],{"class":98},[53,132973,102],{"class":67},[53,132975,253],{"class":252},[53,132977,2350],{"class":256},[53,132979,253],{"class":252},[53,132981,1907],{"class":67},[53,132983,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,132985,115],{"class":114},[53,132987,102],{"class":67},[53,132989,34572],{"class":98},[53,132991,95],{"class":67},[53,132993,35711],{"class":98},[53,132995,102],{"class":67},[53,132997,253],{"class":252},[53,132999,2350],{"class":256},[53,133001,253],{"class":252},[53,133003,75],{"class":67},[53,133005,35917],{"class":98},[53,133007,75],{"class":67},[53,133009,64767],{"class":98},[53,133011,1907],{"class":67},[14,133013,133014],{},"Tips:",[140,133016,133017,133022,133027,133030],{},[143,133018,131,133019,133021],{},[18,133020,126004],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[143,133023,131,133024,133026],{},[18,133025,124077],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[143,133028,133029],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[143,133031,133032,133033],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133034,2000],{},[39,133036,1650],{"id":1649},[830,133038,129586,133040,12582],{"id":133039},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133041,58693],{},[14,133043,133044],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[830,133046,133048],{"id":133047},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133050,76585,133051,95],{},[18,133052,40566],{},[830,133054,5055,133056,4269,133058,2370],{"id":133055},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133057,58693],{},[18,133059,124077],{},[14,133061,133062,133064,133065,1129,133067,1381],{},[18,133063,58693],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133066,124077],{},[18,133068,65581],{},[830,133070,5045,133072,133074],{"id":133071},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133073,58693],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133076,133077],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[830,133079,133081,133082,124418],{"id":133080},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133083,58693],{},[14,133085,129611],{},[39,133087,1782],{"id":1781},[140,133089,133090,133096,133100,133105,133111],{},[143,133091,133092],{},[183,133093,133094,10608],{"href":129726},[18,133095,132598],{},[143,133097,133098],{},[183,133099,124481],{"href":132872},[143,133101,133102],{},[183,133103,129687],{"href":133104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[143,133106,133107],{},[183,133108,133109,10608],{"href":124532},[18,133110,58315],{},[143,133112,133113],{},[183,133114,30214,133115],{"href":132699},[18,133116,129053],{},[1810,133118,133119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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causes an error",{"id":132704,"depth":89,"text":133131,"children":133132},"index() vs find()",[133133,133134],{"id":35711,"depth":111,"text":58693},{"id":128107,"depth":111,"text":124077},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":133137},[133138,133140,133141,133143,133145],{"id":133039,"depth":111,"text":133139},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133047,"depth":111,"text":133048},{"id":133055,"depth":111,"text":133142},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133071,"depth":111,"text":133144},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133080,"depth":111,"text":133146},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131667,"description":133148},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133155,"title":133156,"body":133157,"description":135932,"extension":1841,"meta":135933,"navigation":301,"path":135934,"seo":135935,"stem":135936,"__hash__":135937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133158,"toc":135868},[133159,133165,133170,133173,133176,133187,133189,133258,133260,133274,133279,133284,133289,133291,133334,133336,133419,133421,133467,133473,133475,133477,133497,133499,133522,133524,133598,133600,133619,133624,133626,133630,133702,133704,133718,133722,133798,133800,133819,133823,133917,133919,133928,133935,134011,134013,134031,134035,134038,134045,134094,134096,134105,134112,134171,134173,134191,134194,134201,134260,134262,134280,134287,134344,134346,134355,134359,134364,134368,134427,134429,134447,134451,134498,134503,134506,134575,134577,134594,134601,134607,134662,134667,134670,134747,134749,134767,134773,134779,134839,134841,134860,134866,134869,134876,134929,134934,134936,134997,135006,135013,135015,135072,135077,135079,135150,135154,135209,135211,135220,135225,135231,135300,135302,135334,135340,135348,135355,135361,135426,135428,135437,135443,135524,135526,135535,135540,135554,135561,135565,135570,135598,135600,135733,135736,135773,135775,135781,135790,135795,135798,135803,135808,135814,135817,135826,135829,135831,135860,135865],[10,133160,123082,133162,11190],{"id":133161},"python-string-join-method",[18,133163,133164],{},"join()",[14,133166,123087,133167,133169],{},[18,133168,133164],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133171,133172],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133174,133175],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[140,133177,133178,133184],{},[143,133179,133180,133181,133183],{},"You call ",[18,133182,133164],{}," on the separator string",[143,133185,133186],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[39,133188,42],{"id":41},[44,133190,133192],{"className":46,"code":133191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133193,133194,133227,133248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133195,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133223,133225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133197,3946],{"class":59},[53,133199,64],{"class":63},[53,133201,68],{"class":67},[53,133203,253],{"class":252},[53,133205,7166],{"class":256},[53,133207,253],{"class":252},[53,133209,75],{"class":67},[53,133211,264],{"class":252},[53,133213,12059],{"class":256},[53,133215,253],{"class":252},[53,133217,75],{"class":67},[53,133219,264],{"class":252},[53,133221,133222],{"class":256},"fun",[53,133224,253],{"class":252},[53,133226,86],{"class":67},[53,133228,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133242,133244,133246],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133230,276],{"class":59},[53,133232,64],{"class":63},[53,133234,264],{"class":252},[53,133236,264],{"class":252},[53,133238,95],{"class":67},[53,133240,133241],{"class":98},"join",[53,133243,102],{"class":67},[53,133245,3988],{"class":98},[53,133247,108],{"class":67},[53,133249,133250,133252,133254,133256],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133251,115],{"class":114},[53,133253,102],{"class":67},[53,133255,323],{"class":98},[53,133257,108],{"class":67},[14,133259,328],{},[44,133261,133263],{"className":46,"code":133262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is fun\n",[18,133264,133265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133266,133267,133269,133271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133268,3457],{"class":59},[53,133270,12059],{"class":63},[53,133272,133273],{"class":59}," fun\n",[14,133275,131,133276,133278],{},[18,133277,133164],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[39,133280,3556,133282,3559],{"id":133281},"what-join-does",[18,133283,133164],{},[14,133285,133286,133288],{},[18,133287,133164],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133290,11327],{},[140,133292,133293,133300,133328,133331],{},[143,133294,133295,133296,133299],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133297,133298],{},".join()"," as the separator",[143,133301,133302,133303],{},"Common separators are:\n",[140,133304,133305,133311,133317,133323],{},[143,133306,133307,133310],{},[18,133308,133309],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[143,133312,133313,133316],{},[18,133314,133315],{},"\", \""," for commas",[143,133318,133319,133322],{},[18,133320,133321],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[143,133324,133325,133327],{},[18,133326,6144],{}," for no separator",[143,133329,133330],{},"It returns a new string",[143,133332,133333],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133335,235],{},[44,133337,133339],{"className":46,"code":133338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133340,133341,133373,133395,133399,133409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133342,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133344,3946],{"class":59},[53,133346,64],{"class":63},[53,133348,68],{"class":67},[53,133350,253],{"class":252},[53,133352,407],{"class":256},[53,133354,253],{"class":252},[53,133356,75],{"class":67},[53,133358,264],{"class":252},[53,133360,436],{"class":256},[53,133362,253],{"class":252},[53,133364,75],{"class":67},[53,133366,264],{"class":252},[53,133368,416],{"class":256},[53,133370,253],{"class":252},[53,133372,86],{"class":67},[53,133374,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133376,276],{"class":59},[53,133378,64],{"class":63},[53,133380,264],{"class":252},[53,133382,2072],{"class":256},[53,133384,253],{"class":252},[53,133386,95],{"class":67},[53,133388,133241],{"class":98},[53,133390,102],{"class":67},[53,133392,3988],{"class":98},[53,133394,108],{"class":67},[53,133396,133397],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133398,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,133400,133401,133403,133405,133407],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,133402,115],{"class":114},[53,133404,102],{"class":67},[53,133406,323],{"class":98},[53,133408,108],{"class":67},[53,133410,133411,133413,133415,133417],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,133412,115],{"class":114},[53,133414,102],{"class":67},[53,133416,3988],{"class":98},[53,133418,108],{"class":67},[14,133420,328],{},[44,133422,133424],{"className":46,"code":133423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133425,133426,133439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133427,133428,133430,133432,133435,133437],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133429,407],{"class":59},[53,133431,75],{"class":67},[53,133433,133434],{"class":59}," green",[53,133436,75],{"class":67},[53,133438,35746],{"class":59},[53,133440,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133442,338],{"class":67},[53,133444,341],{"class":252},[53,133446,407],{"class":256},[53,133448,341],{"class":252},[53,133450,75],{"class":67},[53,133452,350],{"class":252},[53,133454,436],{"class":256},[53,133456,341],{"class":252},[53,133458,75],{"class":67},[53,133460,350],{"class":252},[53,133462,416],{"class":256},[53,133464,341],{"class":252},[53,133466,86],{"class":67},[14,133468,133469,133470,133472],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133471,133164],{}," creates a new string.",[39,133474,2039],{"id":2038},[14,133476,7088],{},[44,133478,133480],{"className":46,"code":133479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133481,133482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133483,133484,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133485,133486],{"class":59},"separator",[53,133488,95],{"class":67},[53,133490,133241],{"class":98},[53,133492,102],{"class":67},[53,133494,3600],{"class":98},[53,133496,108],{"class":67},[830,133498,48873],{"id":48872},[140,133500,133501,133514,133519],{},[143,133502,133503,133505,133506,2072,133508,2072,133510,2076,133512],{},[18,133504,133486],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133507,133309],{},[18,133509,133315],{},[18,133511,133321],{},[18,133513,6144],{},[143,133515,133516,133518],{},[18,133517,3600],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[143,133520,133521],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133523,235],{},[44,133525,133527],{"className":46,"code":133526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133528,133529,133561,133584,133588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133530,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133532,4869],{"class":59},[53,133534,64],{"class":63},[53,133536,68],{"class":67},[53,133538,253],{"class":252},[53,133540,12747],{"class":256},[53,133542,253],{"class":252},[53,133544,75],{"class":67},[53,133546,264],{"class":252},[53,133548,35806],{"class":256},[53,133550,253],{"class":252},[53,133552,75],{"class":67},[53,133554,264],{"class":252},[53,133556,35815],{"class":256},[53,133558,253],{"class":252},[53,133560,86],{"class":67},[53,133562,133563,133565,133567,133569,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133564,276],{"class":59},[53,133566,64],{"class":63},[53,133568,264],{"class":252},[53,133570,133571],{"class":256}," | ",[53,133573,253],{"class":252},[53,133575,95],{"class":67},[53,133577,133241],{"class":98},[53,133579,102],{"class":67},[53,133581,4913],{"class":98},[53,133583,108],{"class":67},[53,133585,133586],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133587,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,133589,133590,133592,133594,133596],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,133591,115],{"class":114},[53,133593,102],{"class":67},[53,133595,323],{"class":98},[53,133597,108],{"class":67},[14,133599,328],{},[44,133601,133603],{"className":46,"code":133602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133604,133605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133606,133607,133610,133612,133615,133617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133608,133609],{"class":59},"Ana ",[53,133611,113589],{"class":63},[53,133613,133614],{"class":59}," Ben ",[53,133616,113589],{"class":63},[53,133618,35887],{"class":59},[14,133620,133621,133622,95],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[183,133623,124837],{"href":50839},[39,133625,121613],{"id":121612},[830,133627,133629],{"id":133628},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[44,133631,133633],{"className":46,"code":133632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133634,133635,133668,133688,133692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133636,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133664,133666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133638,3946],{"class":59},[53,133640,64],{"class":63},[53,133642,68],{"class":67},[53,133644,253],{"class":252},[53,133646,7166],{"class":256},[53,133648,253],{"class":252},[53,133650,75],{"class":67},[53,133652,264],{"class":252},[53,133654,12059],{"class":256},[53,133656,253],{"class":252},[53,133658,75],{"class":67},[53,133660,264],{"class":252},[53,133662,133663],{"class":256},"easy",[53,133665,253],{"class":252},[53,133667,86],{"class":67},[53,133669,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133671,276],{"class":59},[53,133673,64],{"class":63},[53,133675,264],{"class":252},[53,133677,264],{"class":252},[53,133679,95],{"class":67},[53,133681,133241],{"class":98},[53,133683,102],{"class":67},[53,133685,3988],{"class":98},[53,133687,108],{"class":67},[53,133689,133690],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133691,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,133693,133694,133696,133698,133700],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,133695,115],{"class":114},[53,133697,102],{"class":67},[53,133699,323],{"class":98},[53,133701,108],{"class":67},[14,133703,328],{},[44,133705,133707],{"className":46,"code":133706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is easy\n",[18,133708,133709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133710,133711,133713,133715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133712,3457],{"class":59},[53,133714,12059],{"class":63},[53,133716,133717],{"class":59}," easy\n",[830,133719,133721],{"id":133720},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[44,133723,133725],{"className":46,"code":133724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133726,133727,133762,133784,133788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133728,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133740,133742,133744,133746,133749,133751,133753,133755,133758,133760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133730,516],{"class":59},[53,133732,64],{"class":63},[53,133734,68],{"class":67},[53,133736,253],{"class":252},[53,133738,133739],{"class":256},"apples",[53,133741,253],{"class":252},[53,133743,75],{"class":67},[53,133745,264],{"class":252},[53,133747,133748],{"class":256},"bananas",[53,133750,253],{"class":252},[53,133752,75],{"class":67},[53,133754,264],{"class":252},[53,133756,133757],{"class":256},"oranges",[53,133759,253],{"class":252},[53,133761,86],{"class":67},[53,133763,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133765,276],{"class":59},[53,133767,64],{"class":63},[53,133769,264],{"class":252},[53,133771,2072],{"class":256},[53,133773,253],{"class":252},[53,133775,95],{"class":67},[53,133777,133241],{"class":98},[53,133779,102],{"class":67},[53,133781,530],{"class":98},[53,133783,108],{"class":67},[53,133785,133786],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133787,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,133789,133790,133792,133794,133796],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,133791,115],{"class":114},[53,133793,102],{"class":67},[53,133795,323],{"class":98},[53,133797,108],{"class":67},[14,133799,328],{},[44,133801,133803],{"className":46,"code":133802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,133804,133805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133806,133807,133809,133811,133814,133816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133808,133739],{"class":59},[53,133810,75],{"class":67},[53,133812,133813],{"class":59}," bananas",[53,133815,75],{"class":67},[53,133817,133818],{"class":59}," oranges\n",[830,133820,133822],{"id":133821},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[44,133824,133826],{"className":46,"code":133825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133827,133828,133885,133903,133907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133829,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133831,1411],{"class":59},[53,133833,64],{"class":63},[53,133835,68],{"class":67},[53,133837,253],{"class":252},[53,133839,133840],{"class":256},"P",[53,133842,253],{"class":252},[53,133844,75],{"class":67},[53,133846,264],{"class":252},[53,133848,11613],{"class":256},[53,133850,253],{"class":252},[53,133852,75],{"class":67},[53,133854,264],{"class":252},[53,133856,63013],{"class":256},[53,133858,253],{"class":252},[53,133860,75],{"class":67},[53,133862,264],{"class":252},[53,133864,60164],{"class":256},[53,133866,253],{"class":252},[53,133868,75],{"class":67},[53,133870,264],{"class":252},[53,133872,60199],{"class":256},[53,133874,253],{"class":252},[53,133876,75],{"class":67},[53,133878,264],{"class":252},[53,133880,75757],{"class":256},[53,133882,253],{"class":252},[53,133884,86],{"class":67},[53,133886,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133888,276],{"class":59},[53,133890,64],{"class":63},[53,133892,5998],{"class":252},[53,133894,95],{"class":67},[53,133896,133241],{"class":98},[53,133898,102],{"class":67},[53,133900,1437],{"class":98},[53,133902,108],{"class":67},[53,133904,133905],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133906,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,133908,133909,133911,133913,133915],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,133910,115],{"class":114},[53,133912,102],{"class":67},[53,133914,323],{"class":98},[53,133916,108],{"class":67},[14,133918,328],{},[44,133920,133922],{"className":46,"code":133921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python\n",[18,133923,133924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133925,133926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133927,133921],{"class":59},[830,133929,133931,133932,133934],{"id":133930},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,133933,133164],{}," returns the result",[44,133936,133938],{"className":46,"code":133937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,133939,133940,133973,133996,134000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133941,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133969,133971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133943,3946],{"class":59},[53,133945,64],{"class":63},[53,133947,68],{"class":67},[53,133949,253],{"class":252},[53,133951,6455],{"class":256},[53,133953,253],{"class":252},[53,133955,75],{"class":67},[53,133957,264],{"class":252},[53,133959,78998],{"class":256},[53,133961,253],{"class":252},[53,133963,75],{"class":67},[53,133965,264],{"class":252},[53,133967,133968],{"class":256},"three",[53,133970,253],{"class":252},[53,133972,86],{"class":67},[53,133974,133975,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,133976,133977],{"class":59},"joined_text ",[53,133979,64],{"class":63},[53,133981,264],{"class":252},[53,133983,1901],{"class":256},[53,133985,253],{"class":252},[53,133987,95],{"class":67},[53,133989,133241],{"class":98},[53,133991,102],{"class":67},[53,133993,3988],{"class":98},[53,133995,108],{"class":67},[53,133997,133998],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,133999,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,134001,134002,134004,134006,134009],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,134003,115],{"class":114},[53,134005,102],{"class":67},[53,134007,134008],{"class":98},"joined_text",[53,134010,108],{"class":67},[14,134012,328],{},[44,134014,134016],{"className":46,"code":134015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one-two-three\n",[18,134017,134018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134019,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134021,6455],{"class":59},[53,134023,1901],{"class":63},[53,134025,78998],{"class":59},[53,134027,1901],{"class":63},[53,134029,134030],{"class":59},"three\n",[39,134032,134034],{"id":134033},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134036,134037],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[830,134039,134041,134044],{"id":134040},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134042,134043],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[44,134046,134048],{"className":46,"code":134047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134049,134050,134074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134051,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134053,3946],{"class":59},[53,134055,64],{"class":63},[53,134057,68],{"class":67},[53,134059,253],{"class":252},[53,134061,556],{"class":256},[53,134063,253],{"class":252},[53,134065,75],{"class":67},[53,134067,264],{"class":252},[53,134069,60317],{"class":256},[53,134071,253],{"class":252},[53,134073,86],{"class":67},[53,134075,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134077,115],{"class":114},[53,134079,102],{"class":67},[53,134081,253],{"class":252},[53,134083,264],{"class":252},[53,134085,95],{"class":67},[53,134087,133241],{"class":98},[53,134089,102],{"class":67},[53,134091,3988],{"class":98},[53,134093,1907],{"class":67},[14,134095,328],{},[44,134097,134099],{"className":46,"code":134098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n",[18,134100,134101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134102,134103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134104,134098],{"class":59},[830,134106,134108,134111],{"id":134107},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134109,134110],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[44,134113,134115],{"className":46,"code":134114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134116,134117,134149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134118,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134120,398],{"class":59},[53,134122,64],{"class":63},[53,134124,68],{"class":67},[53,134126,253],{"class":252},[53,134128,407],{"class":256},[53,134130,253],{"class":252},[53,134132,75],{"class":67},[53,134134,264],{"class":252},[53,134136,416],{"class":256},[53,134138,253],{"class":252},[53,134140,75],{"class":67},[53,134142,264],{"class":252},[53,134144,436],{"class":256},[53,134146,253],{"class":252},[53,134148,86],{"class":67},[53,134150,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134152,115],{"class":114},[53,134154,102],{"class":67},[53,134156,253],{"class":252},[53,134158,2072],{"class":256},[53,134160,253],{"class":252},[53,134162,95],{"class":67},[53,134164,133241],{"class":98},[53,134166,102],{"class":67},[53,134168,425],{"class":98},[53,134170,1907],{"class":67},[14,134172,328],{},[44,134174,134176],{"className":46,"code":134175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134177,134178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134179,134180,134182,134184,134187,134189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134181,407],{"class":59},[53,134183,75],{"class":67},[53,134185,134186],{"class":59}," blue",[53,134188,75],{"class":67},[53,134190,35739],{"class":59},[14,134192,134193],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[830,134195,134197,134200],{"id":134196},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134198,134199],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[44,134202,134204],{"className":46,"code":134203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134205,134206,134238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134207,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134209,42699],{"class":59},[53,134211,64],{"class":63},[53,134213,68],{"class":67},[53,134215,253],{"class":252},[53,134217,48],{"class":256},[53,134219,253],{"class":252},[53,134221,75],{"class":67},[53,134223,264],{"class":252},[53,134225,60900],{"class":256},[53,134227,253],{"class":252},[53,134229,75],{"class":67},[53,134231,264],{"class":252},[53,134233,133241],{"class":256},[53,134235,253],{"class":252},[53,134237,86],{"class":67},[53,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134241,115],{"class":114},[53,134243,102],{"class":67},[53,134245,253],{"class":252},[53,134247,1901],{"class":256},[53,134249,253],{"class":252},[53,134251,95],{"class":67},[53,134253,133241],{"class":98},[53,134255,102],{"class":67},[53,134257,42731],{"class":98},[53,134259,1907],{"class":67},[14,134261,328],{},[44,134263,134265],{"className":46,"code":134264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python-string-join\n",[18,134266,134267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134268,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134270,48],{"class":59},[53,134272,1901],{"class":63},[53,134274,60900],{"class":59},[53,134276,1901],{"class":63},[53,134278,134279],{"class":59},"join\n",[830,134281,134283,134286],{"id":134282},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134284,134285],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[44,134288,134290],{"className":46,"code":134289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134291,134292,134325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134293,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134321,134323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134295,112661],{"class":59},[53,134297,64],{"class":63},[53,134299,68],{"class":67},[53,134301,253],{"class":252},[53,134303,22110],{"class":256},[53,134305,253],{"class":252},[53,134307,75],{"class":67},[53,134309,264],{"class":252},[53,134311,30466],{"class":256},[53,134313,253],{"class":252},[53,134315,75],{"class":67},[53,134317,264],{"class":252},[53,134319,134320],{"class":256},"C",[53,134322,253],{"class":252},[53,134324,86],{"class":67},[53,134326,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134342],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134328,115],{"class":114},[53,134330,102],{"class":67},[53,134332,6144],{"class":252},[53,134334,95],{"class":67},[53,134336,133241],{"class":98},[53,134338,102],{"class":67},[53,134340,134341],{"class":98},"chars",[53,134343,1907],{"class":67},[14,134345,328],{},[44,134347,134349],{"className":46,"code":134348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ABC\n",[18,134350,134351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134352,134353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134354,134348],{"class":34317},[39,134356,134358],{"id":134357},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134360,134361,134363],{},[18,134362,133164],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[830,134365,134367],{"id":134366},"this-works","This works",[44,134369,134371],{"className":46,"code":134370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134372,134373,134405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134374,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134376,3702],{"class":59},[53,134378,64],{"class":63},[53,134380,68],{"class":67},[53,134382,253],{"class":252},[53,134384,539],{"class":256},[53,134386,253],{"class":252},[53,134388,75],{"class":67},[53,134390,264],{"class":252},[53,134392,15618],{"class":256},[53,134394,253],{"class":252},[53,134396,75],{"class":67},[53,134398,264],{"class":252},[53,134400,36703],{"class":256},[53,134402,253],{"class":252},[53,134404,86],{"class":67},[53,134406,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134408,115],{"class":114},[53,134410,102],{"class":67},[53,134412,253],{"class":252},[53,134414,2072],{"class":256},[53,134416,253],{"class":252},[53,134418,95],{"class":67},[53,134420,133241],{"class":98},[53,134422,102],{"class":67},[53,134424,5233],{"class":98},[53,134426,1907],{"class":67},[14,134428,328],{},[44,134430,134432],{"className":46,"code":134431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134433,134434],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134435,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134437,539],{"class":71},[53,134439,75],{"class":67},[53,134441,7658],{"class":71},[53,134443,75],{"class":67},[53,134445,134446],{"class":71}," 30\n",[830,134448,134450],{"id":134449},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[44,134452,134454],{"className":46,"code":134453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134455,134456,134476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134457,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134459,3702],{"class":59},[53,134461,64],{"class":63},[53,134463,68],{"class":67},[53,134465,72],{"class":71},[53,134467,75],{"class":67},[53,134469,78],{"class":71},[53,134471,75],{"class":67},[53,134473,83],{"class":71},[53,134475,86],{"class":67},[53,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134479,115],{"class":114},[53,134481,102],{"class":67},[53,134483,253],{"class":252},[53,134485,2072],{"class":256},[53,134487,253],{"class":252},[53,134489,95],{"class":67},[53,134491,133241],{"class":98},[53,134493,102],{"class":67},[53,134495,5233],{"class":98},[53,134497,1907],{"class":67},[14,134499,90038,134500,134502],{},[18,134501,2885],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134504,134505],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[44,134507,134509],{"className":46,"code":134508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134510,134511,134531,134561,134565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134512,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134514,3702],{"class":59},[53,134516,64],{"class":63},[53,134518,68],{"class":67},[53,134520,72],{"class":71},[53,134522,75],{"class":67},[53,134524,78],{"class":71},[53,134526,75],{"class":67},[53,134528,83],{"class":71},[53,134530,86],{"class":67},[53,134532,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134534,276],{"class":59},[53,134536,64],{"class":63},[53,134538,264],{"class":252},[53,134540,2072],{"class":256},[53,134542,253],{"class":252},[53,134544,95],{"class":67},[53,134546,133241],{"class":98},[53,134548,102],{"class":67},[53,134550,39723],{"class":114},[53,134552,102],{"class":67},[53,134554,3324],{"class":2782},[53,134556,75],{"class":67},[53,134558,3763],{"class":98},[53,134560,1907],{"class":67},[53,134562,134563],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,134564,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,134568,115],{"class":114},[53,134570,102],{"class":67},[53,134572,323],{"class":98},[53,134574,108],{"class":67},[14,134576,328],{},[44,134578,134580],{"className":46,"code":134579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134581,134582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134583,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134585,72],{"class":71},[53,134587,75],{"class":67},[53,134589,78],{"class":71},[53,134591,75],{"class":67},[53,134593,2455],{"class":71},[14,134595,134596,134597,95],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[183,134598,3457,134599,3390],{"href":42037},[18,134600,47546],{},[830,134602,134604,134606],{"id":134603},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134605,232],{}," values do not work directly",[44,134608,134610],{"className":46,"code":134609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134611,134612,134640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134615,3702],{"class":59},[53,134617,64],{"class":63},[53,134619,68],{"class":67},[53,134621,253],{"class":252},[53,134623,257],{"class":256},[53,134625,253],{"class":252},[53,134627,75],{"class":67},[53,134629,3731],{"class":369},[53,134631,75],{"class":67},[53,134633,264],{"class":252},[53,134635,267],{"class":256},[53,134637,253],{"class":252},[53,134639,86],{"class":67},[53,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134643,115],{"class":114},[53,134645,102],{"class":67},[53,134647,253],{"class":252},[53,134649,2072],{"class":256},[53,134651,253],{"class":252},[53,134653,95],{"class":67},[53,134655,133241],{"class":98},[53,134657,102],{"class":67},[53,134659,5233],{"class":98},[53,134661,1907],{"class":67},[14,134663,134664,134665,95],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134666,2885],{},[14,134668,134669],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[44,134671,134673],{"className":46,"code":134672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134674,134675,134703,134733,134737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134676,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134678,3702],{"class":59},[53,134680,64],{"class":63},[53,134682,68],{"class":67},[53,134684,253],{"class":252},[53,134686,257],{"class":256},[53,134688,253],{"class":252},[53,134690,75],{"class":67},[53,134692,3731],{"class":369},[53,134694,75],{"class":67},[53,134696,264],{"class":252},[53,134698,267],{"class":256},[53,134700,253],{"class":252},[53,134702,86],{"class":67},[53,134704,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134706,276],{"class":59},[53,134708,64],{"class":63},[53,134710,264],{"class":252},[53,134712,2072],{"class":256},[53,134714,253],{"class":252},[53,134716,95],{"class":67},[53,134718,133241],{"class":98},[53,134720,102],{"class":67},[53,134722,39723],{"class":114},[53,134724,102],{"class":67},[53,134726,3324],{"class":2782},[53,134728,75],{"class":67},[53,134730,3763],{"class":98},[53,134732,1907],{"class":67},[53,134734,134735],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,134736,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,134740,115],{"class":114},[53,134742,102],{"class":67},[53,134744,323],{"class":98},[53,134746,108],{"class":67},[14,134748,328],{},[44,134750,134752],{"className":46,"code":134751,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134753,134754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134755,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134757,257],{"class":59},[53,134759,75],{"class":67},[53,134761,3731],{"class":369},[53,134763,75],{"class":67},[53,134765,134766],{"class":59}," banana\n",[14,134768,134769,134770,134772],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134771,232],{}," values instead of converting them.",[830,134774,134776,134778],{"id":134775},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134777,133164],{}," also works with tuples",[44,134780,134782],{"className":46,"code":134781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,134783,134784,134816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134785,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134787,4869],{"class":59},[53,134789,64],{"class":63},[53,134791,9103],{"class":67},[53,134793,253],{"class":252},[53,134795,602],{"class":256},[53,134797,253],{"class":252},[53,134799,75],{"class":67},[53,134801,264],{"class":252},[53,134803,131170],{"class":256},[53,134805,253],{"class":252},[53,134807,75],{"class":67},[53,134809,264],{"class":252},[53,134811,7788],{"class":256},[53,134813,253],{"class":252},[53,134815,108],{"class":67},[53,134817,134818,134820,134822,134824,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134819,115],{"class":114},[53,134821,102],{"class":67},[53,134823,253],{"class":252},[53,134825,134826],{"class":256}," \u002F ",[53,134828,253],{"class":252},[53,134830,95],{"class":67},[53,134832,133241],{"class":98},[53,134834,102],{"class":67},[53,134836,4913],{"class":98},[53,134838,1907],{"class":67},[14,134840,328],{},[44,134842,134844],{"className":46,"code":134843,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,134845,134846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134847,134848,134851,134853,134856,134858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134849,134850],{"class":59},"Sam ",[53,134852,126974],{"class":63},[53,134854,134855],{"class":59}," Lee ",[53,134857,126974],{"class":63},[53,134859,22199],{"class":59},[39,134861,134863,134864],{"id":134862},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,134865,133164],{},[14,134867,134868],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[830,134870,134872,134873,134875],{"id":134871},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,134874,2885],{}," because not all items are strings",[44,134877,134879],{"className":46,"code":134878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,134880,134881,134909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134884,516],{"class":59},[53,134886,64],{"class":63},[53,134888,68],{"class":67},[53,134890,253],{"class":252},[53,134892,183],{"class":256},[53,134894,253],{"class":252},[53,134896,75],{"class":67},[53,134898,78],{"class":71},[53,134900,75],{"class":67},[53,134902,264],{"class":252},[53,134904,1428],{"class":256},[53,134906,253],{"class":252},[53,134908,86],{"class":67},[53,134910,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134912,115],{"class":114},[53,134914,102],{"class":67},[53,134916,253],{"class":252},[53,134918,264],{"class":252},[53,134920,95],{"class":67},[53,134922,133241],{"class":98},[53,134924,102],{"class":67},[53,134926,530],{"class":98},[53,134928,1907],{"class":67},[14,134930,48373,134931,134933],{},[18,134932,1937],{}," is an integer.",[14,134935,39125],{},[44,134937,134939],{"className":46,"code":134938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,134940,134941,134969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134942,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134944,516],{"class":59},[53,134946,64],{"class":63},[53,134948,68],{"class":67},[53,134950,253],{"class":252},[53,134952,183],{"class":256},[53,134954,253],{"class":252},[53,134956,75],{"class":67},[53,134958,78],{"class":71},[53,134960,75],{"class":67},[53,134962,264],{"class":252},[53,134964,1428],{"class":256},[53,134966,253],{"class":252},[53,134968,86],{"class":67},[53,134970,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,134972,115],{"class":114},[53,134974,102],{"class":67},[53,134976,253],{"class":252},[53,134978,264],{"class":252},[53,134980,95],{"class":67},[53,134982,133241],{"class":98},[53,134984,102],{"class":67},[53,134986,39723],{"class":114},[53,134988,102],{"class":67},[53,134990,3324],{"class":2782},[53,134992,75],{"class":67},[53,134994,1080],{"class":98},[53,134996,2793],{"class":67},[14,134998,134999,135000,95],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[183,135001,25545,135003],{"href":135002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135004,135005],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[830,135007,135009,135010,135012],{"id":135008},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135011,133164],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135014,4400],{},[44,135016,135018],{"className":46,"code":135017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135019,135020,135052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135021,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135023,3946],{"class":59},[53,135025,64],{"class":63},[53,135027,68],{"class":67},[53,135029,253],{"class":252},[53,135031,7166],{"class":256},[53,135033,253],{"class":252},[53,135035,75],{"class":67},[53,135037,264],{"class":252},[53,135039,12059],{"class":256},[53,135041,253],{"class":252},[53,135043,75],{"class":67},[53,135045,264],{"class":252},[53,135047,133222],{"class":256},[53,135049,253],{"class":252},[53,135051,86],{"class":67},[53,135053,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135055,276],{"class":59},[53,135057,64],{"class":63},[53,135059,6040],{"class":59},[53,135061,95],{"class":67},[53,135063,133241],{"class":98},[53,135065,102],{"class":67},[53,135067,253],{"class":252},[53,135069,264],{"class":252},[53,135071,108],{"class":67},[14,135073,135074,135076],{},[18,135075,133164],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135078,1143],{},[44,135080,135082],{"className":46,"code":135081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135083,135084,135116,135136,135140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135085,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135087,3946],{"class":59},[53,135089,64],{"class":63},[53,135091,68],{"class":67},[53,135093,253],{"class":252},[53,135095,7166],{"class":256},[53,135097,253],{"class":252},[53,135099,75],{"class":67},[53,135101,264],{"class":252},[53,135103,12059],{"class":256},[53,135105,253],{"class":252},[53,135107,75],{"class":67},[53,135109,264],{"class":252},[53,135111,133222],{"class":256},[53,135113,253],{"class":252},[53,135115,86],{"class":67},[53,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135119,276],{"class":59},[53,135121,64],{"class":63},[53,135123,264],{"class":252},[53,135125,264],{"class":252},[53,135127,95],{"class":67},[53,135129,133241],{"class":98},[53,135131,102],{"class":67},[53,135133,3988],{"class":98},[53,135135,108],{"class":67},[53,135137,135138],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,135139,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,135143,115],{"class":114},[53,135145,102],{"class":67},[53,135147,323],{"class":98},[53,135149,108],{"class":67},[830,135151,135153],{"id":135152},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[44,135155,135157],{"className":46,"code":135156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135158,135159,135191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135160,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135162,3946],{"class":59},[53,135164,64],{"class":63},[53,135166,68],{"class":67},[53,135168,253],{"class":252},[53,135170,6455],{"class":256},[53,135172,253],{"class":252},[53,135174,75],{"class":67},[53,135176,264],{"class":252},[53,135178,78998],{"class":256},[53,135180,253],{"class":252},[53,135182,75],{"class":67},[53,135184,264],{"class":252},[53,135186,133968],{"class":256},[53,135188,253],{"class":252},[53,135190,86],{"class":67},[53,135192,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135194,115],{"class":114},[53,135196,102],{"class":67},[53,135198,6144],{"class":252},[53,135200,95],{"class":67},[53,135202,133241],{"class":98},[53,135204,102],{"class":67},[53,135206,3988],{"class":98},[53,135208,1907],{"class":67},[14,135210,328],{},[44,135212,135214],{"className":46,"code":135213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"onetwothree\n",[18,135215,135216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135217,135218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135219,135213],{"class":59},[14,135221,135222,135223,1381],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135224,133309],{},[830,135226,135228,135229,131432],{"id":135227},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135230,133164],{},[44,135232,135234],{"className":46,"code":135233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135235,135236,135268,135286,135290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135237,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135239,3946],{"class":59},[53,135241,64],{"class":63},[53,135243,68],{"class":67},[53,135245,253],{"class":252},[53,135247,183],{"class":256},[53,135249,253],{"class":252},[53,135251,75],{"class":67},[53,135253,264],{"class":252},[53,135255,1453],{"class":256},[53,135257,253],{"class":252},[53,135259,75],{"class":67},[53,135261,264],{"class":252},[53,135263,1428],{"class":256},[53,135265,253],{"class":252},[53,135267,86],{"class":67},[53,135269,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135271,253],{"class":43190},[53,135273,1901],{"class":43194},[53,135275,253],{"class":43190},[53,135277,95],{"class":67},[53,135279,133241],{"class":98},[53,135281,102],{"class":67},[53,135283,3988],{"class":98},[53,135285,108],{"class":67},[53,135287,135288],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,135289,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,135291,135292,135294,135296,135298],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,135293,115],{"class":114},[53,135295,102],{"class":67},[53,135297,3988],{"class":98},[53,135299,108],{"class":67},[14,135301,328],{},[44,135303,135304],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,135305,135306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135307,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135309,338],{"class":67},[53,135311,341],{"class":252},[53,135313,183],{"class":256},[53,135315,341],{"class":252},[53,135317,75],{"class":67},[53,135319,350],{"class":252},[53,135321,1453],{"class":256},[53,135323,341],{"class":252},[53,135325,75],{"class":67},[53,135327,350],{"class":252},[53,135329,1428],{"class":256},[53,135331,341],{"class":252},[53,135333,86],{"class":67},[14,135335,135336,135337,135339],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135338,133164],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[39,135341,135343,135345,135346],{"id":135342},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135344,133164],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135347,1940],{},[14,135349,10457,135350,4269,135352,135354],{},[18,135351,133164],{},[18,135353,1940],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[830,135356,131,135358,135360],{"id":135357},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135359,1940],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[44,135362,135364],{"className":46,"code":135363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135365,135366,135379,135392,135412,135416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135367,135368,135371,135373,135375,135377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135369,135370],{"class":59},"first ",[53,135372,64],{"class":63},[53,135374,264],{"class":252},[53,135376,34731],{"class":256},[53,135378,3239],{"class":252},[53,135380,135381,135384,135386,135388,135390],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135382,135383],{"class":59},"second ",[53,135385,64],{"class":63},[53,135387,264],{"class":252},[53,135389,89467],{"class":256},[53,135391,3239],{"class":252},[53,135393,135394,135396,135398,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,135395,276],{"class":59},[53,135397,64],{"class":63},[53,135399,135400],{"class":59}," first ",[53,135402,1940],{"class":63},[53,135404,264],{"class":252},[53,135406,264],{"class":252},[53,135408,2332],{"class":63},[53,135410,135411],{"class":59}," second\n",[53,135413,135414],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,135415,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,135417,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,135419,115],{"class":114},[53,135421,102],{"class":67},[53,135423,323],{"class":98},[53,135425,108],{"class":67},[14,135427,328],{},[44,135429,135431],{"className":46,"code":135430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello World\n",[18,135432,135433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135434,135435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135436,135430],{"class":59},[830,135438,131,135440,135442],{"id":135439},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135441,133164],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[44,135444,135446],{"className":46,"code":135445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135447,135448,135490,135510,135514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135449,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135469,135471,135473,135475,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135451,3946],{"class":59},[53,135453,64],{"class":63},[53,135455,68],{"class":67},[53,135457,253],{"class":252},[53,135459,7166],{"class":256},[53,135461,253],{"class":252},[53,135463,75],{"class":67},[53,135465,264],{"class":252},[53,135467,135468],{"class":256},"makes",[53,135470,253],{"class":252},[53,135472,75],{"class":67},[53,135474,264],{"class":252},[53,135476,135477],{"class":256},"this",[53,135479,253],{"class":252},[53,135481,75],{"class":67},[53,135483,264],{"class":252},[53,135485,133663],{"class":256},[53,135487,253],{"class":252},[53,135489,86],{"class":67},[53,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135493,276],{"class":59},[53,135495,64],{"class":63},[53,135497,264],{"class":252},[53,135499,264],{"class":252},[53,135501,95],{"class":67},[53,135503,133241],{"class":98},[53,135505,102],{"class":67},[53,135507,3988],{"class":98},[53,135509,108],{"class":67},[53,135511,135512],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,135513,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,135515,135516,135518,135520,135522],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,135517,115],{"class":114},[53,135519,102],{"class":67},[53,135521,323],{"class":98},[53,135523,108],{"class":67},[14,135525,328],{},[44,135527,135529],{"className":46,"code":135528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135530,135531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135532,135533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135534,135528],{"class":59},[14,135536,135537,135539],{},[18,135538,133164],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[140,135541,135542,135545,135548],{},[143,135543,135544],{},"You already have a list of strings",[143,135546,135547],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[143,135549,135550,135551,135553],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135552,1940],{}," operators",[14,135555,135556,135557,95],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[183,135558,135560],{"href":135559},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[39,135562,135564],{"id":135563},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135566,8743,135567,135569],{},[18,135568,133164],{}," is not working, check these first:",[140,135571,135572,135575,135580,135589,135595],{},[143,135573,135574],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[143,135576,135577,135578],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135579,232],{},[143,135581,135582,135583,10959,135586],{},"You may have written ",[18,135584,135585],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135587,135588],{},"string.join(...)",[143,135590,135591,135592,135594],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135593,133164],{}," to change the original iterable",[143,135596,135597],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135599,94107],{},[44,135601,135603],{"className":46,"code":135602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135604,135605,135619,135629,135653,135693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135606,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135608,115],{"class":114},[53,135610,102],{"class":67},[53,135612,3102],{"class":2782},[53,135614,102],{"class":67},[53,135616,530],{"class":98},[53,135618,1907],{"class":67},[53,135620,135621,135623,135625,135627],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135622,115],{"class":114},[53,135624,102],{"class":67},[53,135626,530],{"class":98},[53,135628,108],{"class":67},[53,135630,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,135632,115],{"class":114},[53,135634,619],{"class":67},[53,135636,3102],{"class":2782},[53,135638,102],{"class":67},[53,135640,212],{"class":98},[53,135642,3539],{"class":67},[53,135644,3755],{"class":1558},[53,135646,5833],{"class":98},[53,135648,1565],{"class":1558},[53,135650,1080],{"class":98},[53,135652,632],{"class":67},[53,135654,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,135656,115],{"class":114},[53,135658,102],{"class":67},[53,135660,341],{"class":252},[53,135662,350],{"class":252},[53,135664,95],{"class":67},[53,135666,133241],{"class":98},[53,135668,619],{"class":67},[53,135670,341],{"class":252},[53,135672,183],{"class":256},[53,135674,341],{"class":252},[53,135676,75],{"class":67},[53,135678,350],{"class":252},[53,135680,1453],{"class":256},[53,135682,341],{"class":252},[53,135684,75],{"class":67},[53,135686,350],{"class":252},[53,135688,1428],{"class":256},[53,135690,341],{"class":252},[53,135692,2879],{"class":67},[53,135694,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,135696,115],{"class":114},[53,135698,102],{"class":67},[53,135700,341],{"class":252},[53,135702,2072],{"class":256},[53,135704,341],{"class":252},[53,135706,95],{"class":67},[53,135708,133241],{"class":98},[53,135710,102],{"class":67},[53,135712,39723],{"class":114},[53,135714,102],{"class":67},[53,135716,3324],{"class":2782},[53,135718,75],{"class":67},[53,135720,68],{"class":67},[53,135722,72],{"class":71},[53,135724,75],{"class":67},[53,135726,78],{"class":71},[53,135728,75],{"class":67},[53,135730,83],{"class":71},[53,135732,37127],{"class":67},[14,135734,135735],{},"What these checks do:",[140,135737,135738,135746,135752,135758,135767],{},[143,135739,135740,135743,135744,7964],{},[18,135741,135742],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135745,530],{},[143,135747,135748,135751],{},[18,135749,135750],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[143,135753,135754,135757],{},[18,135755,135756],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[143,135759,135760,135763,135764,135766],{},[18,135761,135762],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135765,133164],{}," behavior",[143,135768,135769,135772],{},[18,135770,135771],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[39,135774,1650],{"id":1649},[830,135776,12570,135778,135780],{"id":135777},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135779,133164],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135782,135783,135784,135786,135787,95],{},"Not directly. ",[18,135785,133164],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,135788,135789],{},"map(str, values)",[830,135791,12570,135793,56888],{"id":135792},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,135794,133164],{},[14,135796,135797],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[830,135799,28194,135801,62361],{"id":135800},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,135802,133164],{},[14,135804,42015,135805,135807],{},[18,135806,133164],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[830,135809,5017,135811,39823],{"id":135810},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,135812,135813],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135815,135816],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[830,135818,135820,135821,135823,135824,2370],{"id":135819},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,135822,2885],{}," when using ",[18,135825,133164],{},[14,135827,135828],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[39,135830,1782],{"id":1781},[140,135832,135833,135838,135844,135850,135856],{},[143,135834,135835],{},[183,135836,135837],{"href":135559},"How to join strings in Python",[143,135839,135840],{},[183,135841,126082,135842,10608],{"href":128769},[18,135843,60257],{},[143,135845,135846],{},[183,135847,3457,135848,3390],{"href":42037},[18,135849,47546],{},[143,135851,135852],{},[183,135853,30214,135854],{"href":135002},[18,135855,135005],{},[143,135857,135858],{},[183,135859,124837],{"href":50839},[14,135861,97077,135862,135864],{},[18,135863,133164],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1810,135866,135867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":135869},[135870,135871,135873,135876,135883,135893,135901,135911,135918,135919,135931],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":133281,"depth":89,"text":135872},"What join() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":135874},[135875],{"id":48872,"depth":111,"text":48873},{"id":121612,"depth":89,"text":121613,"children":135877},[135878,135879,135880,135881],{"id":133628,"depth":111,"text":133629},{"id":133720,"depth":111,"text":133721},{"id":133821,"depth":111,"text":133822},{"id":133930,"depth":111,"text":135882},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134033,"depth":89,"text":134034,"children":135884},[135885,135887,135889,135891],{"id":134040,"depth":111,"text":135886},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134107,"depth":111,"text":135888},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134196,"depth":111,"text":135890},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134282,"depth":111,"text":135892},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134357,"depth":89,"text":134358,"children":135894},[135895,135896,135897,135899],{"id":134366,"depth":111,"text":134367},{"id":134449,"depth":111,"text":134450},{"id":134603,"depth":111,"text":135898},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134775,"depth":111,"text":135900},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134862,"depth":89,"text":135902,"children":135903},"Common errors with join()",[135904,135906,135908,135909],{"id":134871,"depth":111,"text":135905},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135008,"depth":111,"text":135907},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135152,"depth":111,"text":135153},{"id":135227,"depth":111,"text":135910},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135342,"depth":89,"text":135912,"children":135913},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135914,135916],{"id":135357,"depth":111,"text":135915},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135439,"depth":111,"text":135917},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135563,"depth":89,"text":135564},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":135920},[135921,135923,135925,135927,135929],{"id":135777,"depth":111,"text":135922},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135792,"depth":111,"text":135924},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135800,"depth":111,"text":135926},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135810,"depth":111,"text":135928},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135819,"depth":111,"text":135930},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133156,"description":135932},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135939,"title":135940,"body":135941,"description":137509,"extension":1841,"meta":137510,"navigation":301,"path":137511,"seo":137512,"stem":137513,"__hash__":137514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135942,"toc":137476},[135943,135948,135953,135955,135969,136014,136021,136026,136031,136033,136049,136058,136060,136062,136077,136079,136089,136091,136153,136155,136158,136219,136221,136237,136239,136252,136255,136302,136304,136310,136313,136316,136376,136384,136470,136474,136479,136481,136495,136498,136583,136586,136644,136655,136710,136712,136719,136725,136731,136775,136778,136825,136827,136829,136836,136838,136869,136872,136874,136905,136909,136912,136914,136954,136956,136999,137005,137010,137012,137039,137044,137047,137096,137100,137103,137178,137189,137192,137249,137256,137262,137270,137275,137282,137289,137307,137309,137363,137371,137373,137378,137381,137387,137393,137398,137401,137407,137413,137420,137428,137430,137473],[10,135944,123082,135946,11190],{"id":135945},"python-string-lower-method",[18,135947,123812],{},[14,135949,123087,135950,135952],{},[18,135951,123812],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135954,23952],{},[140,135956,135957,135960,135963,135966],{},[143,135958,135959],{},"convert text to lowercase",[143,135961,135962],{},"compare text without case differences",[143,135964,135965],{},"clean up user input",[143,135967,135968],{},"make simple text matching easier",[44,135970,135972],{"className":46,"code":135971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,135973,135974,135987,136001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135975,135976,135978,135980,135982,135985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135977,34551],{"class":59},[53,135979,64],{"class":63},[53,135981,264],{"class":252},[53,135983,135984],{"class":256},"Hello WORLD",[53,135986,3239],{"class":252},[53,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,135990,276],{"class":59},[53,135992,64],{"class":63},[53,135994,42704],{"class":59},[53,135996,95],{"class":67},[53,135998,8507],{"class":98},[53,136000,8510],{"class":67},[53,136002,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136004,115],{"class":114},[53,136006,102],{"class":67},[53,136008,323],{"class":98},[53,136010,3539],{"class":67},[53,136012,136013],{"class":127},"  # hello world\n",[14,136015,136016,88690,136018,136020],{},[23,136017,83548],{},[18,136019,123812],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[39,136022,3556,136024,3559],{"id":136023},"what-lower-does",[18,136025,123812],{},[14,136027,136028,136030],{},[18,136029,123812],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136032,12919],{},[140,136034,136035,136040,136043,136046],{},[143,136036,136037,136039],{},[18,136038,123812],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[143,136041,136042],{},"It works on string objects",[143,136044,136045],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[143,136047,136048],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136050,124834,136051,136055,136056,95],{},[183,136052,136054],{"href":136053},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[183,136057,50840],{"href":50839},[39,136059,2039],{"id":2038},[14,136061,2042],{},[44,136063,136065],{"className":46,"code":136064,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.lower()\n",[18,136066,136067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136068,136069,136071,136073,136075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136070,60900],{"class":59},[53,136072,95],{"class":67},[53,136074,8507],{"class":98},[53,136076,8510],{"class":67},[14,136078,43512],{},[140,136080,136081,136083,136086],{},[143,136082,97255],{},[143,136084,136085],{},"You call it directly on a string",[143,136087,136088],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136090,235],{},[44,136092,136094],{"className":46,"code":136093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136095,136096,136119,136123,136136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136097,136098,136100,136102,136104,136107,136109,136111,136113,136116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136099,115],{"class":114},[53,136101,102],{"class":67},[53,136103,253],{"class":252},[53,136105,136106],{"class":256},"HELLO",[53,136108,253],{"class":252},[53,136110,95],{"class":67},[53,136112,8507],{"class":98},[53,136114,136115],{"class":67},"())",[53,136117,136118],{"class":127},"  # hello\n",[53,136120,136121],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136122,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136124,136125,136127,136129,136131,136134],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136126,7743],{"class":59},[53,136128,64],{"class":63},[53,136130,264],{"class":252},[53,136132,136133],{"class":256},"PyThOn",[53,136135,3239],{"class":252},[53,136137,136138,136140,136142,136144,136146,136148,136150],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136139,115],{"class":114},[53,136141,102],{"class":67},[53,136143,592],{"class":98},[53,136145,95],{"class":67},[53,136147,8507],{"class":98},[53,136149,136115],{"class":67},[53,136151,136152],{"class":127},"  # python\n",[39,136154,385],{"id":384},[14,136156,136157],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[44,136159,136161],{"className":46,"code":136160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136162,136163,136175,136179,136194,136198,136209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136164,136165,136167,136169,136171,136173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136166,34551],{"class":59},[53,136168,64],{"class":63},[53,136170,264],{"class":252},[53,136172,135984],{"class":256},[53,136174,3239],{"class":252},[53,136176,136177],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136178,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136180,136181,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136182,136183],{"class":59},"lower_text ",[53,136185,64],{"class":63},[53,136187,42704],{"class":59},[53,136189,95],{"class":67},[53,136191,8507],{"class":98},[53,136193,8510],{"class":67},[53,136195,136196],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136197,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136199,136200,136202,136204,136207],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,136201,115],{"class":114},[53,136203,102],{"class":67},[53,136205,136206],{"class":98},"lower_text",[53,136208,108],{"class":67},[53,136210,136211,136213,136215,136217],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,136212,115],{"class":114},[53,136214,102],{"class":67},[53,136216,34572],{"class":98},[53,136218,108],{"class":67},[14,136220,328],{},[44,136222,136224],{"className":46,"code":136223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136225,136226,136230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136227,136228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136229,134098],{"class":59},[53,136231,136232,136234],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136233,131498],{"class":59},[53,136235,136236],{"class":34317},"WORLD\n",[14,136238,24472],{},[140,136240,136241,136246],{},[143,136242,136243,136245],{},[18,136244,123812],{}," returns the lowercase result",[143,136247,136248,136249,136251],{},"the original ",[18,136250,34572],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136253,136254],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[44,136256,136258],{"className":46,"code":136257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136259,136260,136272,136286,136290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136261,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136263,34551],{"class":59},[53,136265,64],{"class":63},[53,136267,264],{"class":252},[53,136269,135984],{"class":256},[53,136271,3239],{"class":252},[53,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136275,34551],{"class":59},[53,136277,64],{"class":63},[53,136279,42704],{"class":59},[53,136281,95],{"class":67},[53,136283,8507],{"class":98},[53,136285,8510],{"class":67},[53,136287,136288],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136289,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136291,136292,136294,136296,136298,136300],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136293,115],{"class":114},[53,136295,102],{"class":67},[53,136297,34572],{"class":98},[53,136299,3539],{"class":67},[53,136301,136013],{"class":127},[39,136303,17284],{"id":17283},[14,136305,136306,21840,136308,95],{},[18,136307,123812],{},[23,136309,60900],{},[14,136311,136312],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136314,136315],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[44,136317,136319],{"className":46,"code":136318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136320,136321,136335,136339,136362],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136322,136323,136326,136328,136330,136333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136324,136325],{"class":59},"answer ",[53,136327,64],{"class":63},[53,136329,264],{"class":252},[53,136331,136332],{"class":256},"YES",[53,136334,3239],{"class":252},[53,136336,136337],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136338,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136340,136341,136343,136346,136348,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358,136360],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136342,6867],{"class":1558},[53,136344,136345],{"class":59}," answer",[53,136347,95],{"class":67},[53,136349,8507],{"class":98},[53,136351,7235],{"class":67},[53,136353,6280],{"class":63},[53,136355,264],{"class":252},[53,136357,8525],{"class":256},[53,136359,253],{"class":252},[53,136361,6265],{"class":67},[53,136363,136364,136366,136368,136370,136372,136374],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136365,7936],{"class":114},[53,136367,102],{"class":67},[53,136369,253],{"class":252},[53,136371,96564],{"class":256},[53,136373,253],{"class":252},[53,136375,108],{"class":67},[14,136377,136378,136379,597],{},"This is especially useful with ",[183,136380,136381,136382,2182],{"href":8087},"the ",[18,136383,2839],{},[44,136385,136387],{"className":46,"code":136386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136388,136389,136408,136412,136434,136449,136455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136390,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399,136401,136404,136406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136392,136325],{"class":59},[53,136394,64],{"class":63},[53,136396,8110],{"class":114},[53,136398,102],{"class":67},[53,136400,253],{"class":252},[53,136402,136403],{"class":256},"Type yes or no: ",[53,136405,253],{"class":252},[53,136407,108],{"class":67},[53,136409,136410],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136411,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136415,6867],{"class":1558},[53,136417,136345],{"class":59},[53,136419,95],{"class":67},[53,136421,8507],{"class":98},[53,136423,7235],{"class":67},[53,136425,6280],{"class":63},[53,136427,264],{"class":252},[53,136429,8525],{"class":256},[53,136431,253],{"class":252},[53,136433,6265],{"class":67},[53,136435,136436,136438,136440,136442,136445,136447],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136437,7936],{"class":114},[53,136439,102],{"class":67},[53,136441,253],{"class":252},[53,136443,136444],{"class":256},"You typed yes",[53,136446,253],{"class":252},[53,136448,108],{"class":67},[53,136450,136451,136453],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,136452,27299],{"class":1558},[53,136454,6265],{"class":67},[53,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463,136466,136468],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,136458,7936],{"class":114},[53,136460,102],{"class":67},[53,136462,253],{"class":252},[53,136464,136465],{"class":256},"You typed something else",[53,136467,253],{"class":252},[53,136469,108],{"class":67},[39,136471,136473],{"id":136472},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136475,136476,136478],{},[18,136477,123812],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136480,7212],{},[140,136482,136483,136486,136489,136492],{},[143,136484,136485],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[143,136487,136488],{},"Make text matching easier",[143,136490,136491],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[143,136493,136494],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136496,136497],{},"Example: checking user input",[44,136499,136501],{"className":46,"code":136500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136502,136503,136521,136525,136547,136562,136568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136504,136505,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136506,44821],{"class":59},[53,136508,64],{"class":63},[53,136510,8110],{"class":114},[53,136512,102],{"class":67},[53,136514,253],{"class":252},[53,136516,44832],{"class":256},[53,136518,253],{"class":252},[53,136520,108],{"class":67},[53,136522,136523],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136524,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136526,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136528,6867],{"class":1558},[53,136530,35716],{"class":59},[53,136532,95],{"class":67},[53,136534,8507],{"class":98},[53,136536,7235],{"class":67},[53,136538,6280],{"class":63},[53,136540,264],{"class":252},[53,136542,416],{"class":256},[53,136544,253],{"class":252},[53,136546,6265],{"class":67},[53,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136558,136560],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136550,7936],{"class":114},[53,136552,102],{"class":67},[53,136554,253],{"class":252},[53,136556,136557],{"class":256},"Nice choice!",[53,136559,253],{"class":252},[53,136561,108],{"class":67},[53,136563,136564,136566],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,136565,27299],{"class":1558},[53,136567,6265],{"class":67},[53,136569,136570,136572,136574,136576,136579,136581],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,136571,7936],{"class":114},[53,136573,102],{"class":67},[53,136575,253],{"class":252},[53,136577,136578],{"class":256},"Got it.",[53,136580,253],{"class":252},[53,136582,108],{"class":67},[14,136584,136585],{},"Example: simple search",[44,136587,136589],{"className":46,"code":136588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136590,136591,136604,136608,136629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136592,136593,136595,136597,136599,136602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136594,89734],{"class":59},[53,136596,64],{"class":63},[53,136598,264],{"class":252},[53,136600,136601],{"class":256},"Python Is Fun",[53,136603,3239],{"class":252},[53,136605,136606],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136607,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136609,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618,136620,136623,136625,136627],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136611,6867],{"class":1558},[53,136613,264],{"class":252},[53,136615,48],{"class":256},[53,136617,253],{"class":252},[53,136619,21038],{"class":63},[53,136621,136622],{"class":59}," message",[53,136624,95],{"class":67},[53,136626,8507],{"class":98},[53,136628,21460],{"class":67},[53,136630,136631,136633,136635,136637,136640,136642],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136632,7936],{"class":114},[53,136634,102],{"class":67},[53,136636,253],{"class":252},[53,136638,136639],{"class":256},"Found it",[53,136641,253],{"class":252},[53,136643,108],{"class":67},[14,136645,136646,136647,136649,136650,597],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136648,123812],{}," is often used with ",[183,136651,136653],{"href":136652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136654,41516],{},[44,136656,136658],{"className":46,"code":136657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136659,136660,136673,136692,136696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136663,7743],{"class":59},[53,136665,64],{"class":63},[53,136667,264],{"class":252},[53,136669,136670],{"class":256},"  ALICE  ",[53,136672,3239],{"class":252},[53,136674,136675,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136676,136677],{"class":59},"clean_name ",[53,136679,64],{"class":63},[53,136681,35857],{"class":59},[53,136683,95],{"class":67},[53,136685,8501],{"class":98},[53,136687,8504],{"class":67},[53,136689,8507],{"class":98},[53,136691,8510],{"class":67},[53,136693,136694],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136695,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136697,136698,136700,136702,136705,136707],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136699,115],{"class":114},[53,136701,102],{"class":67},[53,136703,136704],{"class":98},"clean_name",[53,136706,3539],{"class":67},[53,136708,136709],{"class":127},"  # alice\n",[39,136711,15460],{"id":15459},[14,136713,136714,136715,136718],{},"Strings are ",[23,136716,136717],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136720,136721,136722,136724],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136723,123812],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136726,136727,136728,136730],{},"So this does ",[23,136729,36],{}," update the original variable:",[44,136732,136734],{"className":46,"code":136733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136735,136736,136748,136758,136762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136739,34551],{"class":59},[53,136741,64],{"class":63},[53,136743,264],{"class":252},[53,136745,136106],{"class":256},[53,136747,3239],{"class":252},[53,136749,136750,136752,136754,136756],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136751,34572],{"class":59},[53,136753,95],{"class":67},[53,136755,8507],{"class":98},[53,136757,8510],{"class":67},[53,136759,136760],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136761,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136763,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136765,115],{"class":114},[53,136767,102],{"class":67},[53,136769,34572],{"class":98},[53,136771,3539],{"class":67},[53,136773,136774],{"class":127},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136776,136777],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[44,136779,136781],{"className":46,"code":136780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136782,136783,136795,136809,136813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136786,34551],{"class":59},[53,136788,64],{"class":63},[53,136790,264],{"class":252},[53,136792,136106],{"class":256},[53,136794,3239],{"class":252},[53,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136798,34551],{"class":59},[53,136800,64],{"class":63},[53,136802,42704],{"class":59},[53,136804,95],{"class":67},[53,136806,8507],{"class":98},[53,136808,8510],{"class":67},[53,136810,136811],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136812,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,136814,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,136816,115],{"class":114},[53,136818,102],{"class":67},[53,136820,34572],{"class":98},[53,136822,3539],{"class":67},[53,136824,136118],{"class":127},[39,136826,2709],{"id":2708},[830,136828,25553],{"id":25552},[14,136830,136831,136832,10959,136834,95],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,136833,8507],{},[18,136835,123812],{},[14,136837,16508],{},[44,136839,136841],{"className":46,"code":136840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,136842,136843,136855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136844,136845,136847,136849,136851,136853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136846,34551],{"class":59},[53,136848,64],{"class":63},[53,136850,264],{"class":252},[53,136852,136106],{"class":256},[53,136854,3239],{"class":252},[53,136856,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136858,115],{"class":114},[53,136860,102],{"class":67},[53,136862,34572],{"class":98},[53,136864,95],{"class":67},[53,136866,8507],{"class":24615},[53,136868,108],{"class":67},[14,136870,136871],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136873,16520],{},[44,136875,136877],{"className":46,"code":136876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136878,136879,136891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136882,34551],{"class":59},[53,136884,64],{"class":63},[53,136886,264],{"class":252},[53,136888,136106],{"class":256},[53,136890,3239],{"class":252},[53,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901,136903],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136894,115],{"class":114},[53,136896,102],{"class":67},[53,136898,34572],{"class":98},[53,136900,95],{"class":67},[53,136902,8507],{"class":98},[53,136904,7064],{"class":67},[830,136906,136908],{"id":136907},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136910,136911],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136913,16508],{},[44,136915,136917],{"className":46,"code":136916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,136918,136919,136931,136941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136920,136921,136923,136925,136927,136929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136922,34551],{"class":59},[53,136924,64],{"class":63},[53,136926,264],{"class":252},[53,136928,136106],{"class":256},[53,136930,3239],{"class":252},[53,136932,136933,136935,136937,136939],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136934,34572],{"class":59},[53,136936,95],{"class":67},[53,136938,8507],{"class":98},[53,136940,8510],{"class":67},[53,136942,136943,136945,136947,136949,136951],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136944,115],{"class":114},[53,136946,102],{"class":67},[53,136948,34572],{"class":98},[53,136950,3539],{"class":67},[53,136952,136953],{"class":127},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136955,16520],{},[44,136957,136959],{"className":46,"code":136958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136960,136961,136973,136987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136964,34551],{"class":59},[53,136966,64],{"class":63},[53,136968,264],{"class":252},[53,136970,136106],{"class":256},[53,136972,3239],{"class":252},[53,136974,136975,136977,136979,136981,136983,136985],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,136976,34551],{"class":59},[53,136978,64],{"class":63},[53,136980,42704],{"class":59},[53,136982,95],{"class":67},[53,136984,8507],{"class":98},[53,136986,8510],{"class":67},[53,136988,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,136990,115],{"class":114},[53,136992,102],{"class":67},[53,136994,34572],{"class":98},[53,136996,3539],{"class":67},[53,136998,136118],{"class":127},[830,137000,833,137002,137004],{"id":137001},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137003,123812],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137006,137007,137009],{},[18,137008,123812],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137011,16508],{},[44,137013,137015],{"className":46,"code":137014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137016,137017,137025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137018,137019,137021,137023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137020,1594],{"class":59},[53,137022,64],{"class":63},[53,137024,124764],{"class":71},[53,137026,137027,137029,137031,137033,137035,137037],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137028,115],{"class":114},[53,137030,102],{"class":67},[53,137032,2120],{"class":98},[53,137034,95],{"class":67},[53,137036,8507],{"class":98},[53,137038,7064],{"class":67},[14,137040,137041,137042,33464],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137043,123812],{},[14,137045,137046],{},"You can check the type first:",[44,137048,137050],{"className":46,"code":137049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137051,137052,137064,137068,137082],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137055,34551],{"class":59},[53,137057,64],{"class":63},[53,137059,264],{"class":252},[53,137061,136106],{"class":256},[53,137063,3239],{"class":252},[53,137065,137066],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137067,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137071,115],{"class":114},[53,137073,102],{"class":67},[53,137075,3102],{"class":2782},[53,137077,102],{"class":67},[53,137079,34572],{"class":98},[53,137081,1907],{"class":67},[53,137083,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137085,115],{"class":114},[53,137087,102],{"class":67},[53,137089,34572],{"class":98},[53,137091,95],{"class":67},[53,137093,8507],{"class":98},[53,137095,7064],{"class":67},[830,137097,137099],{"id":137098},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137101,137102],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[44,137104,137106],{"className":46,"code":137105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137107,137108,137121,137125,137142,137157,137163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137111,136325],{"class":59},[53,137113,64],{"class":63},[53,137115,264],{"class":252},[53,137117,137118],{"class":256},"Yes",[53,137120,3239],{"class":252},[53,137122,137123],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137124,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137126,137127,137129,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137128,6867],{"class":1558},[53,137130,137131],{"class":59}," answer ",[53,137133,4562],{"class":63},[53,137135,264],{"class":252},[53,137137,8525],{"class":256},[53,137139,253],{"class":252},[53,137141,6265],{"class":67},[53,137143,137144,137146,137148,137150,137153,137155],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137145,7936],{"class":114},[53,137147,102],{"class":67},[53,137149,253],{"class":252},[53,137151,137152],{"class":256},"Match",[53,137154,253],{"class":252},[53,137156,108],{"class":67},[53,137158,137159,137161],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,137160,27299],{"class":1558},[53,137162,6265],{"class":67},[53,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137174,137176],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,137166,7936],{"class":114},[53,137168,102],{"class":67},[53,137170,253],{"class":252},[53,137172,137173],{"class":256},"No match",[53,137175,253],{"class":252},[53,137177,108],{"class":67},[14,137179,28927,137180,4269,137183,137186,137187,95],{},[18,137181,137182],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137184,137185],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137188,137173],{},[14,137190,137191],{},"Better:",[44,137193,137195],{"className":46,"code":137194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137196,137197,137209,137213,137235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137198,137199,137201,137203,137205,137207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137200,136325],{"class":59},[53,137202,64],{"class":63},[53,137204,264],{"class":252},[53,137206,137118],{"class":256},[53,137208,3239],{"class":252},[53,137210,137211],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137212,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137214,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137216,6867],{"class":1558},[53,137218,136345],{"class":59},[53,137220,95],{"class":67},[53,137222,8507],{"class":98},[53,137224,7235],{"class":67},[53,137226,6280],{"class":63},[53,137228,264],{"class":252},[53,137230,8525],{"class":256},[53,137232,253],{"class":252},[53,137234,6265],{"class":67},[53,137236,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245,137247],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137238,7936],{"class":114},[53,137240,102],{"class":67},[53,137242,253],{"class":252},[53,137244,137152],{"class":256},[53,137246,253],{"class":252},[53,137248,108],{"class":67},[830,137250,44075,137252,137255],{"id":137251},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137253,137254],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137257,137258,137259,137261],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137260,123812],{}," is enough.",[14,137263,137264,137265,137267,137268,95],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137266,137254],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137269,123812],{},[14,137271,137272,137273,122324],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137274,123812],{},[39,137276,137278,10452,137280],{"id":137277},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137279,123812],{},[18,137281,127960],{},[14,137283,137284,4269,137286,137288],{},[18,137285,123812],{},[18,137287,127960],{}," are very similar.",[140,137290,137291,137296,137301,137304],{},[143,137292,137293,137295],{},[18,137294,123812],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[143,137297,137298,137300],{},[18,137299,127960],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[143,137302,137303],{},"Both return new strings",[143,137305,137306],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137308,235],{},[44,137310,137312],{"className":46,"code":137311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137313,137314,137326,137330,137346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137315,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137317,34551],{"class":59},[53,137319,64],{"class":63},[53,137321,264],{"class":252},[53,137323,128801],{"class":256},[53,137325,3239],{"class":252},[53,137327,137328],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137329,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137331,137332,137334,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137333,115],{"class":114},[53,137335,102],{"class":67},[53,137337,34572],{"class":98},[53,137339,95],{"class":67},[53,137341,8507],{"class":98},[53,137343,136115],{"class":67},[53,137345,136013],{"class":127},[53,137347,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137349,115],{"class":114},[53,137351,102],{"class":67},[53,137353,34572],{"class":98},[53,137355,95],{"class":67},[53,137357,34342],{"class":98},[53,137359,136115],{"class":67},[53,137361,137362],{"class":127},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137364,137365,137366,95],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[183,137367,126082,137369,10608],{"href":137368},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137370,127960],{},[39,137372,1650],{"id":1649},[830,137374,12570,137376,124409],{"id":137375},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137377,123812],{},[14,137379,137380],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[830,137382,12570,137384,137386],{"id":137383},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137385,123812],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137388,137389,137390,95],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137391,137392],{},"string.lower()",[830,137394,5017,137396,12582],{"id":137395},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137397,123812],{},[14,137399,137400],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[830,137402,28194,137404,137406],{"id":137403},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137405,123812],{}," on user input?",[14,137408,137409,137410,137412],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137411,2839],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[830,137414,5055,137416,4269,137418,2370],{"id":137415},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137417,123812],{},[18,137419,137254],{},[14,137421,137422,137424,137425,137427],{},[18,137423,123812],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137426,137254],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[39,137429,1782],{"id":1781},[140,137431,137432,137436,137442,137448,137454,137458,137462,137468],{},[143,137433,137434],{},[183,137435,50840],{"href":50839},[143,137437,137438],{},[183,137439,126082,137440,10608],{"href":137368},[18,137441,127960],{},[143,137443,137444],{},[183,137445,126082,137446,10608],{"href":136652},[18,137447,41516],{},[143,137449,137450],{},[183,137451,126082,137452,10608],{"href":129663},[18,137453,124253],{},[143,137455,137456],{},[183,137457,124481],{"href":123337},[143,137459,137460],{},[183,137461,90410],{"href":89419},[143,137463,137464],{},[183,137465,3457,137466,3390],{"href":8087},[18,137467,2839],{},[143,137469,137470],{},[183,137471,137472],{"href":136053},"What is a string in Python?",[1810,137474,137475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":137477},[137478,137480,137481,137482,137483,137484,137485,137494,137496,137508],{"id":136023,"depth":89,"text":137479},"What lower() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":136472,"depth":89,"text":136473},{"id":15459,"depth":89,"text":15460},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":137486},[137487,137488,137489,137491,137492],{"id":25552,"depth":111,"text":25553},{"id":136907,"depth":111,"text":136908},{"id":137001,"depth":111,"text":137490},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137098,"depth":111,"text":137099},{"id":137251,"depth":111,"text":137493},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137277,"depth":89,"text":137495},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":137497},[137498,137500,137502,137504,137506],{"id":137375,"depth":111,"text":137499},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137383,"depth":111,"text":137501},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137395,"depth":111,"text":137503},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137403,"depth":111,"text":137505},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137415,"depth":111,"text":137507},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135940,"description":137509},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137516,"title":137517,"body":137518,"description":139068,"extension":1841,"meta":139069,"navigation":301,"path":139070,"seo":139071,"stem":139072,"__hash__":139073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137519,"toc":139029},[137520,137525,137530,137536,137551,137553,137613,137615,137624,137630,137635,137640,137642,137656,137660,137662,137709,137711,137729,137731,137734,137805,137807,137821,137824,137836,137845,137849,137854,137859,137863,137929,137931,137940,137944,138009,138011,138020,138023,138028,138032,138037,138041,138102,138104,138113,138117,138120,138176,138178,138187,138190,138203,138205,138209,138216,138278,138280,138293,138299,138302,138309,138314,138319,138322,138330,138332,138393,138395,138404,138407,138454,138457,138504,138506,138511,138528,138535,138540,138593,138595,138603,138605,138662,138664,138672,138676,138723,138725,138733,138741,138745,138793,138795,138804,138809,138860,138862,138871,138878,138881,138902,138904,138909,138912,138916,138919,138923,138926,138953,138959,138962,138989,138994,138996,138998,139026],[10,137521,123082,137523,11190],{"id":137522},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137524,124253],{},[14,137526,123087,137527,137529],{},[18,137528,124253],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137531,137532,137533,137535],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137534,124253],{},". You will learn:",[140,137537,137538,137542,137545,137548],{},[143,137539,25884,137540,3559],{},[18,137541,124253],{},[143,137543,137544],{},"how its syntax works",[143,137546,137547],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[143,137549,137550],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[39,137552,1882],{"id":1881},[44,137554,137556],{"className":46,"code":137555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137557,137558,137571,137603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137559,137560,137562,137564,137566,137569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137561,34551],{"class":59},[53,137563,64],{"class":63},[53,137565,264],{"class":252},[53,137567,137568],{"class":256},"I like cats",[53,137570,3239],{"class":252},[53,137572,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137590,137592,137594,137596,137599,137601],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137574,129921],{"class":59},[53,137576,64],{"class":63},[53,137578,42704],{"class":59},[53,137580,95],{"class":67},[53,137582,34863],{"class":98},[53,137584,102],{"class":67},[53,137586,253],{"class":252},[53,137588,137589],{"class":256},"cats",[53,137591,253],{"class":252},[53,137593,75],{"class":67},[53,137595,264],{"class":252},[53,137597,137598],{"class":256},"dogs",[53,137600,253],{"class":252},[53,137602,108],{"class":67},[53,137604,137605,137607,137609,137611],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137606,115],{"class":114},[53,137608,102],{"class":67},[53,137610,129952],{"class":98},[53,137612,108],{"class":67},[14,137614,328],{},[44,137616,137618],{"className":46,"code":137617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like dogs\n",[18,137619,137620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137621,137622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137623,137617],{"class":59},[14,137625,131,137626,137629],{},[18,137627,137628],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[39,137631,3556,137633,3559],{"id":137632},"what-replace-does",[18,137634,124253],{},[14,137636,137637,137639],{},[18,137638,124253],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137641,12919],{},[140,137643,137644,137646,137648,137651],{},[143,137645,133330],{},[143,137647,136048],{},[143,137649,137650],{},"It works on exact matches",[143,137652,137653,137654],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137655,41122],{},[14,137657,124834,137658,95],{},[183,137659,124837],{"href":50839},[39,137661,190],{"id":189},[44,137663,137665],{"className":46,"code":137664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137666,137667,137687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137668,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677,137680,137682,137685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137670,60900],{"class":59},[53,137672,95],{"class":67},[53,137674,34863],{"class":98},[53,137676,102],{"class":67},[53,137678,137679],{"class":98},"old",[53,137681,75],{"class":67},[53,137683,137684],{"class":98}," new",[53,137686,108],{"class":67},[53,137688,137689,137691,137693,137695,137697,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137690,60900],{"class":59},[53,137692,95],{"class":67},[53,137694,34863],{"class":98},[53,137696,102],{"class":67},[53,137698,137679],{"class":98},[53,137700,75],{"class":67},[53,137702,137684],{"class":98},[53,137704,75],{"class":67},[53,137706,49465],{"class":98},[53,137708,108],{"class":67},[830,137710,17260],{"id":17259},[140,137712,137713,137718,137724],{},[143,137714,137715,137717],{},[18,137716,137679],{}," = the text to find",[143,137719,137720,137723],{},[18,137721,137722],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[143,137725,137726,137728],{},[18,137727,41122],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[39,137730,5660],{"id":5659},[14,137732,137733],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[44,137735,137737],{"className":46,"code":137736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137738,137739,137751,137781,137785,137795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137740,137741,137743,137745,137747,137749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137742,34551],{"class":59},[53,137744,64],{"class":63},[53,137746,264],{"class":252},[53,137748,137568],{"class":256},[53,137750,3239],{"class":252},[53,137752,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137754,129921],{"class":59},[53,137756,64],{"class":63},[53,137758,42704],{"class":59},[53,137760,95],{"class":67},[53,137762,34863],{"class":98},[53,137764,102],{"class":67},[53,137766,253],{"class":252},[53,137768,137589],{"class":256},[53,137770,253],{"class":252},[53,137772,75],{"class":67},[53,137774,264],{"class":252},[53,137776,137598],{"class":256},[53,137778,253],{"class":252},[53,137780,108],{"class":67},[53,137782,137783],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137784,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137788,115],{"class":114},[53,137790,102],{"class":67},[53,137792,34572],{"class":98},[53,137794,108],{"class":67},[53,137796,137797,137799,137801,137803],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,137798,115],{"class":114},[53,137800,102],{"class":67},[53,137802,129952],{"class":98},[53,137804,108],{"class":67},[14,137806,328],{},[44,137808,137810],{"className":46,"code":137809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,137811,137812,137817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137813,137814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137815,137816],{"class":59},"I like cats\n",[53,137818,137819],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137820,137617],{"class":59},[14,137822,137823],{},"Notice what happened:",[140,137825,137826,137831],{},[143,137827,137828,137830],{},[18,137829,34572],{}," did not change",[143,137832,137833,137835],{},[18,137834,129952],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137837,137838,137839,137841,137842,137844],{},"This happens because strings are ",[23,137840,136717],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,137843,124253],{}," return a new string instead.",[39,137846,137848],{"id":137847},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137850,89428,137851,137853],{},[18,137852,124253],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137855,137856,137857,36483],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,137858,41122],{},[830,137860,137862],{"id":137861},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[44,137864,137866],{"className":46,"code":137865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137867,137868,137881,137915,137919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137869,137870,137872,137874,137876,137879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137871,34551],{"class":59},[53,137873,64],{"class":63},[53,137875,264],{"class":252},[53,137877,137878],{"class":256},"cat cat cat",[53,137880,3239],{"class":252},[53,137882,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137884,276],{"class":59},[53,137886,64],{"class":63},[53,137888,42704],{"class":59},[53,137890,95],{"class":67},[53,137892,34863],{"class":98},[53,137894,102],{"class":67},[53,137896,253],{"class":252},[53,137898,36909],{"class":256},[53,137900,253],{"class":252},[53,137902,75],{"class":67},[53,137904,264],{"class":252},[53,137906,57852],{"class":256},[53,137908,253],{"class":252},[53,137910,75],{"class":67},[53,137912,5371],{"class":71},[53,137914,108],{"class":67},[53,137916,137917],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137918,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,137920,137921,137923,137925,137927],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,137922,115],{"class":114},[53,137924,102],{"class":67},[53,137926,323],{"class":98},[53,137928,108],{"class":67},[14,137930,328],{},[44,137932,137934],{"className":46,"code":137933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog cat cat\n",[18,137935,137936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137937,137938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137939,137933],{"class":59},[830,137941,137943],{"id":137942},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[44,137945,137947],{"className":46,"code":137946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137948,137949,137961,137995,137999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137952,34551],{"class":59},[53,137954,64],{"class":63},[53,137956,264],{"class":252},[53,137958,137878],{"class":256},[53,137960,3239],{"class":252},[53,137962,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,137964,276],{"class":59},[53,137966,64],{"class":63},[53,137968,42704],{"class":59},[53,137970,95],{"class":67},[53,137972,34863],{"class":98},[53,137974,102],{"class":67},[53,137976,253],{"class":252},[53,137978,36909],{"class":256},[53,137980,253],{"class":252},[53,137982,75],{"class":67},[53,137984,264],{"class":252},[53,137986,57852],{"class":256},[53,137988,253],{"class":252},[53,137990,75],{"class":67},[53,137992,78],{"class":71},[53,137994,108],{"class":67},[53,137996,137997],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,137998,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,138000,138001,138003,138005,138007],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,138002,115],{"class":114},[53,138004,102],{"class":67},[53,138006,323],{"class":98},[53,138008,108],{"class":67},[14,138010,328],{},[44,138012,138014],{"className":46,"code":138013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138015,138016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138017,138018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138019,138013],{"class":59},[14,138021,138022],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138024,138025,138026,95],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[183,138027,127806],{"href":124250},[39,138029,138031],{"id":138030},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138033,138034,138036],{},[18,138035,124253],{}," can also change single characters.",[830,138038,138040],{"id":138039},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[44,138042,138044],{"className":46,"code":138043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138045,138046,138058,138088,138092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138047,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138049,34551],{"class":59},[53,138051,64],{"class":63},[53,138053,264],{"class":252},[53,138055,267],{"class":256},[53,138057,3239],{"class":252},[53,138059,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138061,276],{"class":59},[53,138063,64],{"class":63},[53,138065,42704],{"class":59},[53,138067,95],{"class":67},[53,138069,34863],{"class":98},[53,138071,102],{"class":67},[53,138073,253],{"class":252},[53,138075,183],{"class":256},[53,138077,253],{"class":252},[53,138079,75],{"class":67},[53,138081,264],{"class":252},[53,138083,60199],{"class":256},[53,138085,253],{"class":252},[53,138087,108],{"class":67},[53,138089,138090],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138091,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,138093,138094,138096,138098,138100],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,138095,115],{"class":114},[53,138097,102],{"class":67},[53,138099,323],{"class":98},[53,138101,108],{"class":67},[14,138103,328],{},[44,138105,138107],{"className":46,"code":138106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bonono\n",[18,138108,138109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138110,138111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138112,138106],{"class":59},[830,138114,138116],{"id":138115},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138118,138119],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[44,138121,138123],{"className":46,"code":138122,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138124,138125,138138,138162,138166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133,138136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138128,34551],{"class":59},[53,138130,64],{"class":63},[53,138132,264],{"class":252},[53,138134,138135],{"class":256},"a b c",[53,138137,3239],{"class":252},[53,138139,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138141,276],{"class":59},[53,138143,64],{"class":63},[53,138145,42704],{"class":59},[53,138147,95],{"class":67},[53,138149,34863],{"class":98},[53,138151,102],{"class":67},[53,138153,253],{"class":252},[53,138155,264],{"class":252},[53,138157,75],{"class":67},[53,138159,5998],{"class":252},[53,138161,108],{"class":67},[53,138163,138164],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138165,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,138167,138168,138170,138172,138174],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,138169,115],{"class":114},[53,138171,102],{"class":67},[53,138173,323],{"class":98},[53,138175,108],{"class":67},[14,138177,328],{},[44,138179,138181],{"className":46,"code":138180,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abc\n",[18,138182,138183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138184,138185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138186,138180],{"class":59},[14,138188,138189],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138191,138192,138193,138197,138198,138202],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[183,138194,126082,138195,10608],{"href":128769},[18,138196,60257],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[183,138199,126082,138200,10608],{"href":136652},[18,138201,41516],{}," is often a better choice.",[39,138204,123729],{"id":123728},[14,138206,138207,123540],{},[18,138208,124253],{},[14,138210,127127,138211,4269,138213,127134],{},[18,138212,112766],{},[18,138214,138215],{},"\"Cat\"",[44,138217,138219],{"className":46,"code":138218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138220,138221,138234,138264,138268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138222,138223,138225,138227,138229,138232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138224,34551],{"class":59},[53,138226,64],{"class":63},[53,138228,264],{"class":252},[53,138230,138231],{"class":256},"Cat cat CAT",[53,138233,3239],{"class":252},[53,138235,138236,138238,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138237,276],{"class":59},[53,138239,64],{"class":63},[53,138241,42704],{"class":59},[53,138243,95],{"class":67},[53,138245,34863],{"class":98},[53,138247,102],{"class":67},[53,138249,253],{"class":252},[53,138251,36909],{"class":256},[53,138253,253],{"class":252},[53,138255,75],{"class":67},[53,138257,264],{"class":252},[53,138259,57852],{"class":256},[53,138261,253],{"class":252},[53,138263,108],{"class":67},[53,138265,138266],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138267,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,138269,138270,138272,138274,138276],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,138271,115],{"class":114},[53,138273,102],{"class":67},[53,138275,323],{"class":98},[53,138277,108],{"class":67},[14,138279,328],{},[44,138281,138283],{"className":46,"code":138282,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138284,138285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138286,138287,138290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138288,138289],{"class":59},"Cat dog ",[53,138291,138292],{"class":34317},"CAT\n",[14,138294,138295,138296,138298],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138297,112766],{}," was replaced.",[14,138300,138301],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138303,138304,138305,95],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[183,138306,126082,138307,10608],{"href":123809},[18,138308,123812],{},[39,138310,3556,138312,11573],{"id":138311},"what-replace-returns",[18,138313,124253],{},[14,138315,138316,138318],{},[18,138317,124253],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138320,138321],{},"If no match is found:",[140,138323,138324,138327],{},[143,138325,138326],{},"no error happens",[143,138328,138329],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138331,235],{},[44,138333,138335],{"className":46,"code":138334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138336,138337,138349,138379,138383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138338,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138340,34551],{"class":59},[53,138342,64],{"class":63},[53,138344,264],{"class":252},[53,138346,556],{"class":256},[53,138348,3239],{"class":252},[53,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138352,276],{"class":59},[53,138354,64],{"class":63},[53,138356,42704],{"class":59},[53,138358,95],{"class":67},[53,138360,34863],{"class":98},[53,138362,102],{"class":67},[53,138364,253],{"class":252},[53,138366,2056],{"class":256},[53,138368,253],{"class":252},[53,138370,75],{"class":67},[53,138372,264],{"class":252},[53,138374,11613],{"class":256},[53,138376,253],{"class":252},[53,138378,108],{"class":67},[53,138380,138381],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138382,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,138386,115],{"class":114},[53,138388,102],{"class":67},[53,138390,323],{"class":98},[53,138392,108],{"class":67},[14,138394,328],{},[44,138396,138398],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello\n",[18,138399,138400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138401,138402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138403,138397],{"class":59},[14,138405,138406],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[44,138408,138410],{"className":46,"code":138409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138411,138412,138424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138413,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138415,34551],{"class":59},[53,138417,64],{"class":63},[53,138419,264],{"class":252},[53,138421,60132],{"class":256},[53,138423,3239],{"class":252},[53,138425,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138427,129921],{"class":59},[53,138429,64],{"class":63},[53,138431,42704],{"class":59},[53,138433,95],{"class":67},[53,138435,34863],{"class":98},[53,138437,102],{"class":67},[53,138439,253],{"class":252},[53,138441,60317],{"class":256},[53,138443,253],{"class":252},[53,138445,75],{"class":67},[53,138447,264],{"class":252},[53,138449,7166],{"class":256},[53,138451,253],{"class":252},[53,138453,108],{"class":67},[14,138455,138456],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[44,138458,138460],{"className":46,"code":138459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138461,138462,138474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138465,34551],{"class":59},[53,138467,64],{"class":63},[53,138469,264],{"class":252},[53,138471,60132],{"class":256},[53,138473,3239],{"class":252},[53,138475,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138477,34551],{"class":59},[53,138479,64],{"class":63},[53,138481,42704],{"class":59},[53,138483,95],{"class":67},[53,138485,34863],{"class":98},[53,138487,102],{"class":67},[53,138489,253],{"class":252},[53,138491,60317],{"class":256},[53,138493,253],{"class":252},[53,138495,75],{"class":67},[53,138497,264],{"class":252},[53,138499,7166],{"class":256},[53,138501,253],{"class":252},[53,138503,108],{"class":67},[39,138505,1039],{"id":1038},[14,138507,138508,138509,597],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138510,124253],{},[140,138512,138513,138516,138520,138523],{},[143,138514,138515],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[143,138517,8319,138518,131302],{},[18,138519,124253],{},[143,138521,138522],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[143,138524,37066,138525,138527],{},[18,138526,124253],{}," with regex-based replacements",[830,138529,138531,138532,138534],{"id":138530},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138533,124253],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138536,138537,138538,597],{},"This does not update ",[18,138539,34572],{},[44,138541,138543],{"className":46,"code":138542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138544,138545,138557,138583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138546,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138548,34551],{"class":59},[53,138550,64],{"class":63},[53,138552,264],{"class":252},[53,138554,137568],{"class":256},[53,138556,3239],{"class":252},[53,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138560,34572],{"class":59},[53,138562,95],{"class":67},[53,138564,34863],{"class":98},[53,138566,102],{"class":67},[53,138568,253],{"class":252},[53,138570,137589],{"class":256},[53,138572,253],{"class":252},[53,138574,75],{"class":67},[53,138576,264],{"class":252},[53,138578,137598],{"class":256},[53,138580,253],{"class":252},[53,138582,108],{"class":67},[53,138584,138585,138587,138589,138591],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138586,115],{"class":114},[53,138588,102],{"class":67},[53,138590,34572],{"class":98},[53,138592,108],{"class":67},[14,138594,328],{},[44,138596,138597],{"className":46,"code":137816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,138598,138599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138600,138601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138602,137816],{"class":59},[14,138604,1143],{},[44,138606,138608],{"className":46,"code":138607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138609,138610,138622,138652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138611,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138613,34551],{"class":59},[53,138615,64],{"class":63},[53,138617,264],{"class":252},[53,138619,137568],{"class":256},[53,138621,3239],{"class":252},[53,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138625,34551],{"class":59},[53,138627,64],{"class":63},[53,138629,42704],{"class":59},[53,138631,95],{"class":67},[53,138633,34863],{"class":98},[53,138635,102],{"class":67},[53,138637,253],{"class":252},[53,138639,137589],{"class":256},[53,138641,253],{"class":252},[53,138643,75],{"class":67},[53,138645,264],{"class":252},[53,138647,137598],{"class":256},[53,138649,253],{"class":252},[53,138651,108],{"class":67},[53,138653,138654,138656,138658,138660],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,138655,115],{"class":114},[53,138657,102],{"class":67},[53,138659,34572],{"class":98},[53,138661,108],{"class":67},[14,138663,328],{},[44,138665,138666],{"className":46,"code":137617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,138667,138668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138669,138670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138671,137617],{"class":59},[830,138673,138675],{"id":138674},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[44,138677,138679],{"className":46,"code":138678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138680,138681,138693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138684,34551],{"class":59},[53,138686,64],{"class":63},[53,138688,264],{"class":252},[53,138690,34731],{"class":256},[53,138692,3239],{"class":252},[53,138694,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138696,115],{"class":114},[53,138698,102],{"class":67},[53,138700,34572],{"class":98},[53,138702,95],{"class":67},[53,138704,34863],{"class":98},[53,138706,102],{"class":67},[53,138708,253],{"class":252},[53,138710,556],{"class":256},[53,138712,253],{"class":252},[53,138714,75],{"class":67},[53,138716,264],{"class":252},[53,138718,89663],{"class":256},[53,138720,253],{"class":252},[53,138722,1907],{"class":67},[14,138724,328],{},[44,138726,138727],{"className":46,"code":88676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,138728,138729],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138730,138731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138732,88676],{"class":59},[14,138734,138735,138736,4269,138738,138740],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138737,64261],{},[18,138739,90145],{}," are not the same.",[830,138742,138744],{"id":138743},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[44,138746,138748],{"className":46,"code":138747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138749,138750,138763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138751,138752,138754,138756,138758,138761],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138753,34551],{"class":59},[53,138755,64],{"class":63},[53,138757,264],{"class":252},[53,138759,138760],{"class":256},"red red red",[53,138762,3239],{"class":252},[53,138764,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138766,115],{"class":114},[53,138768,102],{"class":67},[53,138770,34572],{"class":98},[53,138772,95],{"class":67},[53,138774,34863],{"class":98},[53,138776,102],{"class":67},[53,138778,253],{"class":252},[53,138780,407],{"class":256},[53,138782,253],{"class":252},[53,138784,75],{"class":67},[53,138786,264],{"class":252},[53,138788,416],{"class":256},[53,138790,253],{"class":252},[53,138792,1907],{"class":67},[14,138794,328],{},[44,138796,138798],{"className":46,"code":138797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue blue blue\n",[18,138799,138800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138801,138802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138803,138797],{"class":59},[14,138805,138806,138807,597],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,138808,41122],{},[44,138810,138812],{"className":46,"code":138811,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,138813,138814,138826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138817,34551],{"class":59},[53,138819,64],{"class":63},[53,138821,264],{"class":252},[53,138823,138760],{"class":256},[53,138825,3239],{"class":252},[53,138827,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,138829,115],{"class":114},[53,138831,102],{"class":67},[53,138833,34572],{"class":98},[53,138835,95],{"class":67},[53,138837,34863],{"class":98},[53,138839,102],{"class":67},[53,138841,253],{"class":252},[53,138843,407],{"class":256},[53,138845,253],{"class":252},[53,138847,75],{"class":67},[53,138849,264],{"class":252},[53,138851,416],{"class":256},[53,138853,253],{"class":252},[53,138855,75],{"class":67},[53,138857,5371],{"class":71},[53,138859,1907],{"class":67},[14,138861,328],{},[44,138863,138865],{"className":46,"code":138864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue red red\n",[18,138866,138867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138868,138869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138870,138864],{"class":59},[830,138872,138874,138875,138877],{"id":138873},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,138876,124253],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138879,138880],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[140,138882,138883,138890,138897],{},[143,138884,131,138885,138889],{},[183,138886,138887],{"href":128769},[18,138888,60257],{}," to break a string into a list",[143,138891,131,138892,138896],{},[183,138893,138894],{"href":136652},[18,138895,41516],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[143,138898,131,138899,138901],{},[18,138900,124253],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[39,138903,1650],{"id":1649},[830,138905,12570,138907,124409],{"id":138906},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,138908,124253],{},[14,138910,138911],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[830,138913,138915],{"id":138914},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138917,138918],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[830,138920,138922],{"id":138921},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138924,138925],{},"Use the third argument:",[44,138927,138929],{"className":46,"code":138928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,138930,138931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138932,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138934,34572],{"class":59},[53,138936,95],{"class":67},[53,138938,34863],{"class":98},[53,138940,102],{"class":67},[53,138942,137679],{"class":98},[53,138944,75],{"class":67},[53,138946,137684],{"class":98},[53,138948,75],{"class":67},[53,138950,5371],{"class":71},[53,138952,108],{"class":67},[830,138954,5045,138956,138958],{"id":138955},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,138957,124253],{}," remove text?",[14,138960,138961],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[44,138963,138965],{"className":46,"code":138964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,138966,138967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138968,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138970,34572],{"class":59},[53,138972,95],{"class":67},[53,138974,34863],{"class":98},[53,138976,102],{"class":67},[53,138978,253],{"class":252},[53,138980,2056],{"class":256},[53,138982,253],{"class":252},[53,138984,75],{"class":67},[53,138986,5998],{"class":252},[53,138988,108],{"class":67},[830,138990,14766,138992,124418],{"id":138991},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,138993,124253],{},[14,138995,129611],{},[39,138997,1782],{"id":1781},[140,138999,139000,139004,139010,139016,139022],{},[143,139001,139002],{},[183,139003,124488],{"href":124250},[143,139005,139006],{},[183,139007,126082,139008,10608],{"href":128769},[18,139009,60257],{},[143,139011,139012],{},[183,139013,126082,139014,10608],{"href":136652},[18,139015,41516],{},[143,139017,139018],{},[183,139019,126082,139020,10608],{"href":123809},[18,139021,123812],{},[143,139023,139024],{},[183,139025,124837],{"href":50839},[1810,139027,139028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":139030},[139031,139032,139034,139037,139038,139042,139046,139047,139049,139057,139067],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":137632,"depth":89,"text":139033},"What replace() does",{"id":189,"depth":89,"text":190,"children":139035},[139036],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":5659,"depth":89,"text":5660},{"id":137847,"depth":89,"text":137848,"children":139039},[139040,139041],{"id":137861,"depth":111,"text":137862},{"id":137942,"depth":111,"text":137943},{"id":138030,"depth":89,"text":138031,"children":139043},[139044,139045],{"id":138039,"depth":111,"text":138040},{"id":138115,"depth":111,"text":138116},{"id":123728,"depth":89,"text":123729},{"id":138311,"depth":89,"text":139048},"What replace() returns",{"id":1038,"depth":89,"text":1039,"children":139050},[139051,139053,139054,139055],{"id":138530,"depth":111,"text":139052},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138674,"depth":111,"text":138675},{"id":138743,"depth":111,"text":138744},{"id":138873,"depth":111,"text":139056},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":139058},[139059,139061,139062,139063,139065],{"id":138906,"depth":111,"text":139060},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138914,"depth":111,"text":138915},{"id":138921,"depth":111,"text":138922},{"id":138955,"depth":111,"text":139064},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138991,"depth":111,"text":139066},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137517,"description":139068},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139075,"title":139076,"body":139077,"description":141096,"extension":1841,"meta":141097,"navigation":301,"path":141098,"seo":141099,"stem":141100,"__hash__":141101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139078,"toc":141060},[139079,139084,139089,139092,139103,139105,139160,139165,139170,139177,139179,139194,139196,139252,139254,139292,139297,139299,139323,139326,139339,139344,139346,139378,139380,139413,139419,139424,139427,139437,139440,139442,139498,139500,139550,139553,139561,139564,139620,139622,139695,139708,139716,139720,139731,139734,139737,139790,139792,139824,139827,139881,139883,139918,139921,139926,139931,139936,139939,139941,139999,140001,140035,140037,140052,140055,140057,140099,140101,140127,140132,140140,140143,140145,140227,140229,140280,140283,140294,140302,140304,140377,140379,140397,140401,140404,140408,140435,140437,140445,140449,140484,140486,140499,140503,140506,140545,140547,140564,140569,140574,140585,140588,140599,140601,140603,140629,140632,140681,140683,140700,140703,140705,140757,140759,140791,140794,140852,140857,140859,140864,140967,140969,140983,140985,140992,140997,141002,141007,141012,141017,141020,141024,141029,141031,141057],[10,139080,123082,139082,11190],{"id":139081},"python-string-split-method",[18,139083,60257],{},[14,139085,123087,139086,139088],{},[18,139087,60257],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139090,139091],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[140,139093,139094,139097,139100],{},[143,139095,139096],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[143,139098,139099],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[143,139101,139102],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[39,139104,1882],{"id":1881},[44,139106,139108],{"className":46,"code":139107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139109,139110,139123,139145,139155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139111,139112,139114,139116,139118,139121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139113,34551],{"class":59},[53,139115,64],{"class":63},[53,139117,264],{"class":252},[53,139119,139120],{"class":256},"apple,banana,cherry",[53,139122,3239],{"class":252},[53,139124,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139126,42699],{"class":59},[53,139128,64],{"class":63},[53,139130,42704],{"class":59},[53,139132,95],{"class":67},[53,139134,34333],{"class":98},[53,139136,102],{"class":67},[53,139138,253],{"class":252},[53,139140,75],{"class":256},[53,139142,253],{"class":252},[53,139144,108],{"class":67},[53,139146,139147,139149,139151,139153],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139148,115],{"class":114},[53,139150,102],{"class":67},[53,139152,42731],{"class":98},[53,139154,108],{"class":67},[53,139156,139157],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139158,139159],{"class":127},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139161,131,139162,139164],{},[18,139163,60257],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[39,139166,3556,139168,3559],{"id":139167},"what-split-does",[18,139169,60257],{},[14,139171,139172,132130,139174,95],{},[18,139173,60257],{},[23,139175,139176],{},"string method",[14,139178,48790],{},[140,139180,139181,139184,139189],{},[143,139182,139183],{},"divides a string into parts",[143,139185,119384,139186],{},[23,139187,139188],{},"new list of strings",[143,139190,119390,139191,139193],{},[23,139192,36],{}," change the original string",[14,139195,235],{},[44,139197,139199],{"className":46,"code":139198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139200,139201,139214,139228,139232,139242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139202,139203,139205,139207,139209,139212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139204,34551],{"class":59},[53,139206,64],{"class":63},[53,139208,264],{"class":252},[53,139210,139211],{"class":256},"red blue green",[53,139213,3239],{"class":252},[53,139215,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139217,42699],{"class":59},[53,139219,64],{"class":63},[53,139221,42704],{"class":59},[53,139223,95],{"class":67},[53,139225,34333],{"class":98},[53,139227,8510],{"class":67},[53,139229,139230],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139231,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139233,139234,139236,139238,139240],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139235,115],{"class":114},[53,139237,102],{"class":67},[53,139239,34572],{"class":98},[53,139241,108],{"class":67},[53,139243,139244,139246,139248,139250],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,139245,115],{"class":114},[53,139247,102],{"class":67},[53,139249,42731],{"class":98},[53,139251,108],{"class":67},[14,139253,328],{},[44,139255,139257],{"className":46,"code":139256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139258,139259,139264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139260,139261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139262,139263],{"class":59},"red blue green\n",[53,139265,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139267,338],{"class":67},[53,139269,341],{"class":252},[53,139271,407],{"class":256},[53,139273,341],{"class":252},[53,139275,75],{"class":67},[53,139277,350],{"class":252},[53,139279,416],{"class":256},[53,139281,341],{"class":252},[53,139283,75],{"class":67},[53,139285,350],{"class":252},[53,139287,436],{"class":256},[53,139289,341],{"class":252},[53,139291,86],{"class":67},[14,139293,139294,139295,95],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[183,139296,124837],{"href":50839},[39,139298,2039],{"id":2038},[44,139300,139302],{"className":46,"code":139301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139303,139304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139305,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139307,60900],{"class":59},[53,139309,95],{"class":67},[53,139311,34333],{"class":98},[53,139313,102],{"class":67},[53,139315,133486],{"class":98},[53,139317,75],{"class":67},[53,139319,139320],{"class":98}," maxsplit",[53,139322,108],{"class":67},[14,139324,139325],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[140,139327,139328,139333],{},[143,139329,139330,139332],{},[18,139331,133486],{}," tells Python where to split",[143,139334,139335,139338],{},[18,139336,139337],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139340,8743,139341,139343],{},[18,139342,133486],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139345,235],{},[44,139347,139349],{"className":46,"code":139348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139350,139351,139364],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139352,139353,139355,139357,139359,139362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139354,34551],{"class":59},[53,139356,64],{"class":63},[53,139358,264],{"class":252},[53,139360,139361],{"class":256},"one two three",[53,139363,3239],{"class":252},[53,139365,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139367,115],{"class":114},[53,139369,102],{"class":67},[53,139371,34572],{"class":98},[53,139373,95],{"class":67},[53,139375,34333],{"class":98},[53,139377,7064],{"class":67},[14,139379,328],{},[44,139381,139383],{"className":46,"code":139382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139384,139385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139388,338],{"class":67},[53,139390,341],{"class":252},[53,139392,6455],{"class":256},[53,139394,341],{"class":252},[53,139396,75],{"class":67},[53,139398,350],{"class":252},[53,139400,78998],{"class":256},[53,139402,341],{"class":252},[53,139404,75],{"class":67},[53,139406,350],{"class":252},[53,139408,133968],{"class":256},[53,139410,341],{"class":252},[53,139412,86],{"class":67},[39,139414,833,139416,139418],{"id":139415},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139417,60257],{}," with no separator",[14,139420,69901,139421,139423],{},[18,139422,60257],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139425,139426],{},"Whitespace includes:",[140,139428,139429,139431,139434],{},[143,139430,10319],{},[143,139432,139433],{},"tabs",[143,139435,139436],{},"new lines",[14,139438,139439],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139441,235],{},[44,139443,139445],{"className":46,"code":139444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139446,139447,139470,139484,139488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139448,139449,139451,139453,139455,139458,139461,139463,139465,139468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139450,34551],{"class":59},[53,139452,64],{"class":63},[53,139454,264],{"class":252},[53,139456,139457],{"class":256},"Python   is",[53,139459,139460],{"class":34317},"\\t",[53,139462,133222],{"class":256},[53,139464,86880],{"class":34317},[53,139466,139467],{"class":256},"and useful",[53,139469,3239],{"class":252},[53,139471,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139473,42699],{"class":59},[53,139475,64],{"class":63},[53,139477,42704],{"class":59},[53,139479,95],{"class":67},[53,139481,34333],{"class":98},[53,139483,8510],{"class":67},[53,139485,139486],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139487,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139489,139490,139492,139494,139496],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139491,115],{"class":114},[53,139493,102],{"class":67},[53,139495,42731],{"class":98},[53,139497,108],{"class":67},[14,139499,328],{},[44,139501,139503],{"className":46,"code":139502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139504,139505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139506,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139546,139548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139508,338],{"class":67},[53,139510,341],{"class":252},[53,139512,7166],{"class":256},[53,139514,341],{"class":252},[53,139516,75],{"class":67},[53,139518,350],{"class":252},[53,139520,12059],{"class":256},[53,139522,341],{"class":252},[53,139524,75],{"class":67},[53,139526,350],{"class":252},[53,139528,133222],{"class":256},[53,139530,341],{"class":252},[53,139532,75],{"class":67},[53,139534,350],{"class":252},[53,139536,129847],{"class":256},[53,139538,341],{"class":252},[53,139540,75],{"class":67},[53,139542,350],{"class":252},[53,139544,139545],{"class":256},"useful",[53,139547,341],{"class":252},[53,139549,86],{"class":67},[14,139551,139552],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[830,139554,139556,10452,139558],{"id":139555},"split-vs-split",[18,139557,60257],{},[18,139559,139560],{},"split(' ')",[14,139562,139563],{},"These are not the same.",[44,139565,139567],{"className":46,"code":139566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139568,139569,139582,139586,139600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139570,139571,139573,139575,139577,139580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139572,34551],{"class":59},[53,139574,64],{"class":63},[53,139576,264],{"class":252},[53,139578,139579],{"class":256},"a  b   c",[53,139581,3239],{"class":252},[53,139583,139584],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139585,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139587,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139589,115],{"class":114},[53,139591,102],{"class":67},[53,139593,34572],{"class":98},[53,139595,95],{"class":67},[53,139597,34333],{"class":98},[53,139599,7064],{"class":67},[53,139601,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139603,115],{"class":114},[53,139605,102],{"class":67},[53,139607,34572],{"class":98},[53,139609,95],{"class":67},[53,139611,34333],{"class":98},[53,139613,102],{"class":67},[53,139615,253],{"class":252},[53,139617,264],{"class":252},[53,139619,1907],{"class":67},[14,139621,328],{},[44,139623,139625],{"className":46,"code":139624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139626,139627,139655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139630,338],{"class":67},[53,139632,341],{"class":252},[53,139634,183],{"class":256},[53,139636,341],{"class":252},[53,139638,75],{"class":67},[53,139640,350],{"class":252},[53,139642,1453],{"class":256},[53,139644,341],{"class":252},[53,139646,75],{"class":67},[53,139648,350],{"class":252},[53,139650,1428],{"class":256},[53,139652,341],{"class":252},[53,139654,86],{"class":67},[53,139656,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139658,338],{"class":67},[53,139660,341],{"class":252},[53,139662,183],{"class":256},[53,139664,341],{"class":252},[53,139666,75],{"class":67},[53,139668,3718],{"class":252},[53,139670,75],{"class":67},[53,139672,350],{"class":252},[53,139674,1453],{"class":256},[53,139676,341],{"class":252},[53,139678,75],{"class":67},[53,139680,3718],{"class":252},[53,139682,75],{"class":67},[53,139684,3718],{"class":252},[53,139686,75],{"class":67},[53,139688,350],{"class":252},[53,139690,1428],{"class":256},[53,139692,341],{"class":252},[53,139694,86],{"class":67},[140,139696,139697,139702],{},[143,139698,139699,139701],{},[18,139700,60257],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[143,139703,139704,139707],{},[18,139705,139706],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139709,139710,139711,139715],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[183,139712,126082,139713,10608],{"href":136652},[18,139714,41516],{}," is often useful.",[39,139717,139719],{"id":139718},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139721,139722,139723,2072,139726,2076,139728,95],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139724,139725],{},"\",\"",[18,139727,133321],{},[18,139729,139730],{},"\"::\"",[14,139732,139733],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139735,139736],{},"Example with commas:",[44,139738,139740],{"className":46,"code":139739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139741,139742,139754,139776,139780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139743,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139745,34551],{"class":59},[53,139747,64],{"class":63},[53,139749,264],{"class":252},[53,139751,139120],{"class":256},[53,139753,3239],{"class":252},[53,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139757,42699],{"class":59},[53,139759,64],{"class":63},[53,139761,42704],{"class":59},[53,139763,95],{"class":67},[53,139765,34333],{"class":98},[53,139767,102],{"class":67},[53,139769,253],{"class":252},[53,139771,75],{"class":256},[53,139773,253],{"class":252},[53,139775,108],{"class":67},[53,139777,139778],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139779,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139781,139782,139784,139786,139788],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139783,115],{"class":114},[53,139785,102],{"class":67},[53,139787,42731],{"class":98},[53,139789,108],{"class":67},[14,139791,328],{},[44,139793,139794],{"className":46,"code":78177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,139795,139796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139797,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139799,338],{"class":67},[53,139801,341],{"class":252},[53,139803,257],{"class":256},[53,139805,341],{"class":252},[53,139807,75],{"class":67},[53,139809,350],{"class":252},[53,139811,267],{"class":256},[53,139813,341],{"class":252},[53,139815,75],{"class":67},[53,139817,350],{"class":252},[53,139819,3971],{"class":256},[53,139821,341],{"class":252},[53,139823,86],{"class":67},[14,139825,139826],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[44,139828,139830],{"className":46,"code":139829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139831,139832,139845,139867,139871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139833,139834,139836,139838,139840,139843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139835,34551],{"class":59},[53,139837,64],{"class":63},[53,139839,264],{"class":252},[53,139841,139842],{"class":256},"2024::10::31",[53,139844,3239],{"class":252},[53,139846,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139848,42699],{"class":59},[53,139850,64],{"class":63},[53,139852,42704],{"class":59},[53,139854,95],{"class":67},[53,139856,34333],{"class":98},[53,139858,102],{"class":67},[53,139860,253],{"class":252},[53,139862,76394],{"class":256},[53,139864,253],{"class":252},[53,139866,108],{"class":67},[53,139868,139869],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139870,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139872,139873,139875,139877,139879],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139874,115],{"class":114},[53,139876,102],{"class":67},[53,139878,42731],{"class":98},[53,139880,108],{"class":67},[14,139882,328],{},[44,139884,139886],{"className":46,"code":139885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,139887,139888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139889,139890,139892,139894,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139914,139916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139891,338],{"class":67},[53,139893,341],{"class":252},[53,139895,139896],{"class":256},"2024",[53,139898,341],{"class":252},[53,139900,75],{"class":67},[53,139902,350],{"class":252},[53,139904,539],{"class":256},[53,139906,341],{"class":252},[53,139908,75],{"class":67},[53,139910,350],{"class":252},[53,139912,139913],{"class":256},"31",[53,139915,341],{"class":252},[53,139917,86],{"class":67},[14,139919,139920],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139922,139923,139924,95],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[183,139925,128766],{"href":128765},[39,139927,833,139929],{"id":139928},"using-maxsplit",[18,139930,139337],{},[14,139932,139933,139935],{},[18,139934,139337],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139937,139938],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139940,235],{},[44,139942,139944],{"className":46,"code":139943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139945,139946,139959,139985,139989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139947,139948,139950,139952,139954,139957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139949,34551],{"class":59},[53,139951,64],{"class":63},[53,139953,264],{"class":252},[53,139955,139956],{"class":256},"name:age:city:country",[53,139958,3239],{"class":252},[53,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,139962,42699],{"class":59},[53,139964,64],{"class":63},[53,139966,42704],{"class":59},[53,139968,95],{"class":67},[53,139970,34333],{"class":98},[53,139972,102],{"class":67},[53,139974,253],{"class":252},[53,139976,597],{"class":256},[53,139978,253],{"class":252},[53,139980,75],{"class":67},[53,139982,78],{"class":71},[53,139984,108],{"class":67},[53,139986,139987],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,139988,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,139990,139991,139993,139995,139997],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,139992,115],{"class":114},[53,139994,102],{"class":67},[53,139996,42731],{"class":98},[53,139998,108],{"class":67},[14,140000,328],{},[44,140002,140004],{"className":46,"code":140003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140005,140006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140007,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140031,140033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140009,338],{"class":67},[53,140011,341],{"class":252},[53,140013,592],{"class":256},[53,140015,341],{"class":252},[53,140017,75],{"class":67},[53,140019,350],{"class":252},[53,140021,9166],{"class":256},[53,140023,341],{"class":252},[53,140025,75],{"class":67},[53,140027,350],{"class":252},[53,140029,140030],{"class":256},"city:country",[53,140032,341],{"class":252},[53,140034,86],{"class":67},[14,140036,2061],{},[140,140038,140039,140044,140049],{},[143,140040,140041,140042],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140043,597],{},[143,140045,140046,140047],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140048,597],{},[143,140050,140051],{},"then stops",[14,140053,140054],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140056,51943],{},[44,140058,140060],{"className":46,"code":140059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140061,140062,140075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140063,140064,140066,140068,140070,140073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140065,34551],{"class":59},[53,140067,64],{"class":63},[53,140069,264],{"class":252},[53,140071,140072],{"class":256},"apple banana cherry grape",[53,140074,3239],{"class":252},[53,140076,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140078,115],{"class":114},[53,140080,102],{"class":67},[53,140082,34572],{"class":98},[53,140084,95],{"class":67},[53,140086,34333],{"class":98},[53,140088,102],{"class":67},[53,140090,253],{"class":252},[53,140092,264],{"class":252},[53,140094,75],{"class":67},[53,140096,5371],{"class":71},[53,140098,1907],{"class":67},[14,140100,328],{},[44,140102,140104],{"className":46,"code":140103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140105,140106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140107,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140123,140125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140109,338],{"class":67},[53,140111,341],{"class":252},[53,140113,257],{"class":256},[53,140115,341],{"class":252},[53,140117,75],{"class":67},[53,140119,350],{"class":252},[53,140121,140122],{"class":256},"banana cherry grape",[53,140124,341],{"class":252},[53,140126,86],{"class":67},[39,140128,3556,140130,11573],{"id":140129},"what-split-returns",[18,140131,60257],{},[14,140133,140134,140135,140137,140138,95],{},"The result of ",[18,140136,60257],{}," is always a ",[23,140139,7961],{},[14,140141,140142],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140144,235],{},[44,140146,140148],{"className":46,"code":140147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140149,140150,140163,140185,140189,140199,140213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140151,140152,140154,140156,140158,140161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140153,34551],{"class":59},[53,140155,64],{"class":63},[53,140157,264],{"class":252},[53,140159,140160],{"class":256},"cat,dog,bird",[53,140162,3239],{"class":252},[53,140164,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140166,42699],{"class":59},[53,140168,64],{"class":63},[53,140170,42704],{"class":59},[53,140172,95],{"class":67},[53,140174,34333],{"class":98},[53,140176,102],{"class":67},[53,140178,253],{"class":252},[53,140180,75],{"class":256},[53,140182,253],{"class":252},[53,140184,108],{"class":67},[53,140186,140187],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140188,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140192,115],{"class":114},[53,140194,102],{"class":67},[53,140196,42731],{"class":98},[53,140198,108],{"class":67},[53,140200,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,140202,115],{"class":114},[53,140204,102],{"class":67},[53,140206,3102],{"class":2782},[53,140208,102],{"class":67},[53,140210,42731],{"class":98},[53,140212,1907],{"class":67},[53,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,140216,115],{"class":114},[53,140218,102],{"class":67},[53,140220,42731],{"class":98},[53,140222,338],{"class":67},[53,140224,2000],{"class":71},[53,140226,632],{"class":67},[14,140228,328],{},[44,140230,140232],{"className":46,"code":140231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140233,140234,140262,140276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140235,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140237,338],{"class":67},[53,140239,341],{"class":252},[53,140241,36909],{"class":256},[53,140243,341],{"class":252},[53,140245,75],{"class":67},[53,140247,350],{"class":252},[53,140249,57852],{"class":256},[53,140251,341],{"class":252},[53,140253,75],{"class":67},[53,140255,350],{"class":252},[53,140257,57869],{"class":256},[53,140259,341],{"class":252},[53,140261,86],{"class":67},[53,140263,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140265,3171],{"class":63},[53,140267,3174],{"class":1945},[53,140269,350],{"class":252},[53,140271,7961],{"class":256},[53,140273,341],{"class":252},[53,140275,3183],{"class":63},[53,140277,140278],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140279,85196],{"class":59},[14,140281,140282],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[140,140284,140285,140288,140291],{},[143,140286,140287],{},"loop over it",[143,140289,140290],{},"access items by index",[143,140292,140293],{},"combine items again later",[14,140295,140296,140297,95],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[183,140298,126082,140300,10608],{"href":140299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140301,133164],{},[14,140303,235],{},[44,140305,140307],{"className":46,"code":140306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140308,140309,140341,140363,140367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140310,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140312,42699],{"class":59},[53,140314,64],{"class":63},[53,140316,68],{"class":67},[53,140318,341],{"class":252},[53,140320,36909],{"class":256},[53,140322,341],{"class":252},[53,140324,75],{"class":67},[53,140326,350],{"class":252},[53,140328,57852],{"class":256},[53,140330,341],{"class":252},[53,140332,75],{"class":67},[53,140334,350],{"class":252},[53,140336,57869],{"class":256},[53,140338,341],{"class":252},[53,140340,86],{"class":67},[53,140342,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140344,34551],{"class":59},[53,140346,64],{"class":63},[53,140348,264],{"class":252},[53,140350,1901],{"class":256},[53,140352,253],{"class":252},[53,140354,95],{"class":67},[53,140356,133241],{"class":98},[53,140358,102],{"class":67},[53,140360,42731],{"class":98},[53,140362,108],{"class":67},[53,140364,140365],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140366,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,140368,140369,140371,140373,140375],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140370,115],{"class":114},[53,140372,102],{"class":67},[53,140374,34572],{"class":98},[53,140376,108],{"class":67},[14,140378,328],{},[44,140380,140382],{"className":46,"code":140381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140383,140384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140385,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140387,36909],{"class":59},[53,140389,1901],{"class":63},[53,140391,57852],{"class":59},[53,140393,1901],{"class":63},[53,140395,140396],{"class":59},"bird\n",[39,140398,140400],{"id":140399},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140402,140403],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[830,140405,140407],{"id":140406},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[44,140409,140411],{"className":46,"code":140410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140412,140413,140421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140414,140415,140417,140419],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140416,34551],{"class":59},[53,140418,64],{"class":63},[53,140420,7748],{"class":252},[53,140422,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140424,115],{"class":114},[53,140426,102],{"class":67},[53,140428,34572],{"class":98},[53,140430,95],{"class":67},[53,140432,34333],{"class":98},[53,140434,7064],{"class":67},[14,140436,328],{},[44,140438,140439],{"className":46,"code":38160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,140440,140441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140442,140443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140444,38160],{"class":67},[830,140446,140448],{"id":140447},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[44,140450,140452],{"className":46,"code":140451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140453,140454,140462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140455,140456,140458,140460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140457,34551],{"class":59},[53,140459,64],{"class":63},[53,140461,7748],{"class":252},[53,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140465,115],{"class":114},[53,140467,102],{"class":67},[53,140469,34572],{"class":98},[53,140471,95],{"class":67},[53,140473,34333],{"class":98},[53,140475,102],{"class":67},[53,140477,253],{"class":252},[53,140479,75],{"class":256},[53,140481,253],{"class":252},[53,140483,1907],{"class":67},[14,140485,328],{},[44,140487,140489],{"className":46,"code":140488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['']\n",[18,140490,140491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140492,140493,140495,140497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140494,338],{"class":67},[53,140496,3653],{"class":252},[53,140498,86],{"class":67},[830,140500,140502],{"id":140501},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140504,140505],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[44,140507,140509],{"className":46,"code":140508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140510,140511,140523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140512,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140514,34551],{"class":59},[53,140516,64],{"class":63},[53,140518,264],{"class":252},[53,140520,556],{"class":256},[53,140522,3239],{"class":252},[53,140524,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140526,115],{"class":114},[53,140528,102],{"class":67},[53,140530,34572],{"class":98},[53,140532,95],{"class":67},[53,140534,34333],{"class":98},[53,140536,102],{"class":67},[53,140538,253],{"class":252},[53,140540,75],{"class":256},[53,140542,253],{"class":252},[53,140544,1907],{"class":67},[14,140546,328],{},[44,140548,140550],{"className":46,"code":140549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello']\n",[18,140551,140552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140553,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140555,338],{"class":67},[53,140557,341],{"class":252},[53,140559,556],{"class":256},[53,140561,341],{"class":252},[53,140563,86],{"class":67},[39,140565,4835,140567],{"id":140566},"when-to-use-split",[18,140568,60257],{},[14,140570,131,140571,140573],{},[18,140572,60257],{}," when you need to:",[140,140575,140576,140579,140582],{},[143,140577,140578],{},"split a sentence into words",[143,140580,140581],{},"split comma-separated values",[143,140583,140584],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140586,140587],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[140,140589,140590,140593,140596],{},[143,140591,140592],{},"cleaning text",[143,140594,140595],{},"parsing user input",[143,140597,140598],{},"processing simple file content",[39,140600,2709],{"id":2708},[14,140602,83967],{},[140,140604,140605,140609,140615,140618,140626],{},[143,140606,50369,140607,131302],{},[18,140608,60257],{},[143,140610,140611,140612,140614],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140613,60257],{}," returns a list, not a string",[143,140616,140617],{},"using the wrong separator",[143,140619,140620,140621,140623,140624],{},"assuming ",[18,140622,139560],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140625,60257],{},[143,140627,140628],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140630,140631],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[44,140633,140635],{"className":46,"code":140634,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140636,140637,140649,140667,140671],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140638,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140640,34551],{"class":59},[53,140642,64],{"class":63},[53,140644,264],{"class":252},[53,140646,42692],{"class":256},[53,140648,3239],{"class":252},[53,140650,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140652,34572],{"class":59},[53,140654,95],{"class":67},[53,140656,34333],{"class":98},[53,140658,102],{"class":67},[53,140660,253],{"class":252},[53,140662,75],{"class":256},[53,140664,253],{"class":252},[53,140666,108],{"class":67},[53,140668,140669],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140670,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,140672,140673,140675,140677,140679],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140674,115],{"class":114},[53,140676,102],{"class":67},[53,140678,34572],{"class":98},[53,140680,108],{"class":67},[14,140682,328],{},[44,140684,140686],{"className":46,"code":140685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a,b,c\n",[18,140687,140688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140689,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140691,183],{"class":59},[53,140693,75],{"class":67},[53,140695,1453],{"class":59},[53,140697,75],{"class":67},[53,140699,68973],{"class":59},[14,140701,140702],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140704,1143],{},[44,140706,140707],{"className":46,"code":42679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,140708,140709,140721,140743,140747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140710,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140712,34551],{"class":59},[53,140714,64],{"class":63},[53,140716,264],{"class":252},[53,140718,42692],{"class":256},[53,140720,3239],{"class":252},[53,140722,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140724,42699],{"class":59},[53,140726,64],{"class":63},[53,140728,42704],{"class":59},[53,140730,95],{"class":67},[53,140732,34333],{"class":98},[53,140734,102],{"class":67},[53,140736,253],{"class":252},[53,140738,75],{"class":256},[53,140740,253],{"class":252},[53,140742,108],{"class":67},[53,140744,140745],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140746,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,140748,140749,140751,140753,140755],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140750,115],{"class":114},[53,140752,102],{"class":67},[53,140754,42731],{"class":98},[53,140756,108],{"class":67},[14,140758,328],{},[44,140760,140761],{"className":46,"code":1476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,140762,140763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140764,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140766,338],{"class":67},[53,140768,341],{"class":252},[53,140770,183],{"class":256},[53,140772,341],{"class":252},[53,140774,75],{"class":67},[53,140776,350],{"class":252},[53,140778,1453],{"class":256},[53,140780,341],{"class":252},[53,140782,75],{"class":67},[53,140784,350],{"class":252},[53,140786,1428],{"class":256},[53,140788,341],{"class":252},[53,140790,86],{"class":67},[14,140792,140793],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[44,140795,140797],{"className":46,"code":140796,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,140798,140799,140812,140834,140838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140800,140801,140803,140805,140807,140810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140802,34551],{"class":59},[53,140804,64],{"class":63},[53,140806,264],{"class":252},[53,140808,140809],{"class":256},"apple,banana",[53,140811,3239],{"class":252},[53,140813,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140815,42699],{"class":59},[53,140817,64],{"class":63},[53,140819,42704],{"class":59},[53,140821,95],{"class":67},[53,140823,34333],{"class":98},[53,140825,102],{"class":67},[53,140827,253],{"class":252},[53,140829,75],{"class":256},[53,140831,253],{"class":252},[53,140833,108],{"class":67},[53,140835,140836],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140837,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,140839,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140841,115],{"class":114},[53,140843,102],{"class":67},[53,140845,42731],{"class":98},[53,140847,338],{"class":67},[53,140849,1937],{"class":71},[53,140851,632],{"class":67},[14,140853,140854,140855,95],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[183,140856,68986],{"href":68985},[830,140858,60436],{"id":60435},[14,140860,8743,140861,140863],{},[18,140862,60257],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[44,140865,140867],{"className":46,"code":140866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,140868,140869,140879,140893,140915,140941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140870,140871,140873,140875,140877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140872,115],{"class":114},[53,140874,102],{"class":67},[53,140876,34572],{"class":98},[53,140878,108],{"class":67},[53,140880,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,140882,115],{"class":114},[53,140884,102],{"class":67},[53,140886,34572],{"class":98},[53,140888,95],{"class":67},[53,140890,34333],{"class":98},[53,140892,7064],{"class":67},[53,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,140896,115],{"class":114},[53,140898,102],{"class":67},[53,140900,34572],{"class":98},[53,140902,95],{"class":67},[53,140904,34333],{"class":98},[53,140906,102],{"class":67},[53,140908,341],{"class":252},[53,140910,75],{"class":256},[53,140912,341],{"class":252},[53,140914,1907],{"class":67},[53,140916,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,140918,115],{"class":114},[53,140920,102],{"class":67},[53,140922,11029],{"class":114},[53,140924,102],{"class":67},[53,140926,34572],{"class":98},[53,140928,95],{"class":67},[53,140930,34333],{"class":98},[53,140932,102],{"class":67},[53,140934,341],{"class":252},[53,140936,75],{"class":256},[53,140938,341],{"class":252},[53,140940,2793],{"class":67},[53,140942,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,140944,115],{"class":114},[53,140946,102],{"class":67},[53,140948,3102],{"class":2782},[53,140950,102],{"class":67},[53,140952,34572],{"class":98},[53,140954,95],{"class":67},[53,140956,34333],{"class":98},[53,140958,102],{"class":67},[53,140960,341],{"class":252},[53,140962,75],{"class":256},[53,140964,341],{"class":252},[53,140966,2793],{"class":67},[14,140968,11038],{},[140,140970,140971,140974,140977,140980],{},[143,140972,140973],{},"what the original string looks like",[143,140975,140976],{},"which separator works",[143,140978,140979],{},"how many items were created",[143,140981,140982],{},"that the result is a list",[39,140984,1650],{"id":1649},[830,140986,5055,140988,4269,140990,2370],{"id":140987},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,140989,60257],{},[18,140991,139560],{},[14,140993,140994,140996],{},[18,140995,60257],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140998,140999,141001],{},[18,141000,139560],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[830,141003,12570,141005,124409],{"id":141004},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141006,60257],{},[14,141008,141009,141010,56203],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141011,60257],{},[830,141013,5017,141015,39823],{"id":141014},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141016,139337],{},[14,141018,141019],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[830,141021,141023],{"id":141022},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141025,28927,141026,141028],{},[18,141027,60257],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[39,141030,1782],{"id":1781},[140,141032,141033,141037,141043,141049,141053],{},[143,141034,141035],{},[183,141036,129687],{"href":128765},[143,141038,141039],{},[183,141040,126082,141041,10608],{"href":140299},[18,141042,133164],{},[143,141044,141045],{},[183,141046,126082,141047,10608],{"href":136652},[18,141048,41516],{},[143,141050,141051],{},[183,141052,124837],{"href":50839},[143,141054,141055],{},[183,141056,68986],{"href":68985},[1810,141058,141059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":141061},[141062,141063,141065,141066,141071,141072,141074,141076,141081,141083,141086,141095],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":139167,"depth":89,"text":141064},"What split() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":139415,"depth":89,"text":141067,"children":141068},"Using split() with no separator",[141069],{"id":139555,"depth":111,"text":141070},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139718,"depth":89,"text":139719},{"id":139928,"depth":89,"text":141073},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140129,"depth":89,"text":141075},"What split() returns",{"id":140399,"depth":89,"text":140400,"children":141077},[141078,141079,141080],{"id":140406,"depth":111,"text":140407},{"id":140447,"depth":111,"text":140448},{"id":140501,"depth":111,"text":140502},{"id":140566,"depth":89,"text":141082},"When to use split()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":141084},[141085],{"id":60435,"depth":111,"text":60436},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":141087},[141088,141090,141092,141094],{"id":140987,"depth":111,"text":141089},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141004,"depth":111,"text":141091},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141014,"depth":111,"text":141093},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141022,"depth":111,"text":141023},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139076,"description":141096},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141103,"title":141104,"body":141105,"description":143048,"extension":1841,"meta":143049,"navigation":301,"path":143050,"seo":143051,"stem":143052,"__hash__":143053},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141106,"toc":143007},[141107,141112,141117,141124,141197,141202,141207,141212,141228,141230,141300,141302,141304,141324,141326,141371,141376,141378,141476,141481,141485,141490,141494,141497,141539,141543,141546,141591,141595,141598,141648,141652,141657,141709,141711,141716,141727,141732,141812,141814,141826,141835,141842,141857,141859,141974,141980,141984,141987,141992,142134,142137,142144,142146,142150,142158,142227,142233,142282,142287,142292,142294,142314,142316,142382,142384,142388,142391,142395,142436,142438,142471,142476,142479,142506,142508,142551,142558,142563,142573,142639,142643,142651,142656,142707,142711,142714,142716,142725,142727,142777,142779,142886,142888,142893,142900,142906,142909,142940,142945,142947,142954,142962,142971,142974,142976,143004],[10,141108,123082,141110,11190],{"id":141109},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141111,127450],{},[14,141113,123087,141114,141116],{},[18,141115,127450],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141118,126148,141119,2758,141121,141123],{},[18,141120,573],{},[18,141122,3552],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[44,141125,141127],{"className":46,"code":141126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141128,141129,141142,141146,141171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141130,141131,141133,141135,141137,141140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141132,34551],{"class":59},[53,141134,64],{"class":63},[53,141136,264],{"class":252},[53,141138,141139],{"class":256},"Python Beginner Help",[53,141141,3239],{"class":252},[53,141143,141144],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141145,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,141147,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,141149,115],{"class":114},[53,141151,102],{"class":67},[53,141153,34572],{"class":98},[53,141155,95],{"class":67},[53,141157,141158],{"class":98},"startswith",[53,141160,102],{"class":67},[53,141162,253],{"class":252},[53,141164,7166],{"class":256},[53,141166,253],{"class":252},[53,141168,5236],{"class":67},[53,141170,43717],{"class":127},[53,141172,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141190,141192,141194],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,141174,115],{"class":114},[53,141176,102],{"class":67},[53,141178,34572],{"class":98},[53,141180,95],{"class":67},[53,141182,141158],{"class":98},[53,141184,102],{"class":67},[53,141186,253],{"class":252},[53,141188,141189],{"class":256},"Beginner",[53,141191,253],{"class":252},[53,141193,5236],{"class":67},[53,141195,141196],{"class":127}," # False\n",[14,141198,131,141199,141201],{},[18,141200,127450],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[39,141203,3556,141205,3559],{"id":141204},"what-startswith-does",[18,141206,127450],{},[14,141208,141209,141211],{},[18,141210,127450],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[140,141213,141214,141217,141223,141225],{},[143,141215,141216],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[143,141218,5023,141219,2758,141221],{},[18,141220,573],{},[18,141222,3552],{},[143,141224,123225],{},[143,141226,141227],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141229,235],{},[44,141231,141233],{"className":46,"code":141232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141234,141235,141247,141251,141276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141236,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141238,7743],{"class":59},[53,141240,64],{"class":63},[53,141242,264],{"class":252},[53,141244,7166],{"class":256},[53,141246,3239],{"class":252},[53,141248,141249],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141250,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,141252,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141270,141272,141274],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,141254,115],{"class":114},[53,141256,102],{"class":67},[53,141258,592],{"class":98},[53,141260,95],{"class":67},[53,141262,141158],{"class":98},[53,141264,102],{"class":67},[53,141266,253],{"class":252},[53,141268,141269],{"class":256},"Py",[53,141271,253],{"class":252},[53,141273,5236],{"class":67},[53,141275,43717],{"class":127},[53,141277,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,141279,115],{"class":114},[53,141281,102],{"class":67},[53,141283,592],{"class":98},[53,141285,95],{"class":67},[53,141287,141158],{"class":98},[53,141289,102],{"class":67},[53,141291,253],{"class":252},[53,141293,128528],{"class":256},[53,141295,253],{"class":252},[53,141297,5236],{"class":67},[53,141299,43734],{"class":127},[39,141301,2039],{"id":2038},[14,141303,42247],{},[44,141305,141307],{"className":46,"code":141306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141308,141309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141310,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141312,60900],{"class":59},[53,141314,95],{"class":67},[53,141316,141158],{"class":98},[53,141318,102],{"class":67},[53,141320,141321],{"class":98},"prefix",[53,141323,108],{"class":67},[14,141325,30630],{},[44,141327,141329],{"className":46,"code":141328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141330,141331,141349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141332,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141334,60900],{"class":59},[53,141336,95],{"class":67},[53,141338,141158],{"class":98},[53,141340,102],{"class":67},[53,141342,141321],{"class":98},[53,141344,75],{"class":67},[53,141346,35917],{"class":98},[53,141348,108],{"class":67},[53,141350,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141352,60900],{"class":59},[53,141354,95],{"class":67},[53,141356,141158],{"class":98},[53,141358,102],{"class":67},[53,141360,141321],{"class":98},[53,141362,75],{"class":67},[53,141364,35917],{"class":98},[53,141366,75],{"class":67},[53,141368,64767],{"class":98},[53,141370,108],{"class":67},[14,141372,20635,141373,141375],{},[18,141374,141321],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141377,235],{},[44,141379,141381],{"className":46,"code":141380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141382,141383,141395,141399,141424,141448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141384,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141386,34551],{"class":59},[53,141388,64],{"class":63},[53,141390,264],{"class":252},[53,141392,60132],{"class":256},[53,141394,3239],{"class":252},[53,141396,141397],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141398,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,141400,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,141402,115],{"class":114},[53,141404,102],{"class":67},[53,141406,34572],{"class":98},[53,141408,95],{"class":67},[53,141410,141158],{"class":98},[53,141412,102],{"class":67},[53,141414,253],{"class":252},[53,141416,556],{"class":256},[53,141418,253],{"class":252},[53,141420,5236],{"class":67},[53,141422,141423],{"class":127},"      # True\n",[53,141425,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,141427,115],{"class":114},[53,141429,102],{"class":67},[53,141431,34572],{"class":98},[53,141433,95],{"class":67},[53,141435,141158],{"class":98},[53,141437,102],{"class":67},[53,141439,253],{"class":252},[53,141441,60317],{"class":256},[53,141443,253],{"class":252},[53,141445,5236],{"class":67},[53,141447,21065],{"class":127},[53,141449,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,141451,115],{"class":114},[53,141453,102],{"class":67},[53,141455,34572],{"class":98},[53,141457,95],{"class":67},[53,141459,141158],{"class":98},[53,141461,102],{"class":67},[53,141463,253],{"class":252},[53,141465,60317],{"class":256},[53,141467,253],{"class":252},[53,141469,75],{"class":67},[53,141471,37506],{"class":71},[53,141473,5236],{"class":67},[53,141475,43717],{"class":127},[14,141477,141478,141479,95],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[183,141480,124837],{"href":50839},[39,141482,141484],{"id":141483},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141486,141487,141489],{},[18,141488,127450],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[830,141491,141492],{"id":141321},[18,141493,141321],{},[14,141495,141496],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[44,141498,141500],{"className":46,"code":141499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141501,141502,141514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141505,34551],{"class":59},[53,141507,64],{"class":63},[53,141509,264],{"class":252},[53,141511,267],{"class":256},[53,141513,3239],{"class":252},[53,141515,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141533,141535,141537],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141517,115],{"class":114},[53,141519,102],{"class":67},[53,141521,34572],{"class":98},[53,141523,95],{"class":67},[53,141525,141158],{"class":98},[53,141527,102],{"class":67},[53,141529,253],{"class":252},[53,141531,141532],{"class":256},"ban",[53,141534,253],{"class":252},[53,141536,5236],{"class":67},[53,141538,3542],{"class":127},[830,141540,141541],{"id":35938},[18,141542,35938],{},[14,141544,141545],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[44,141547,141549],{"className":46,"code":141548,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141550,141551,141563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141552,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141554,34551],{"class":59},[53,141556,64],{"class":63},[53,141558,264],{"class":252},[53,141560,60132],{"class":256},[53,141562,3239],{"class":252},[53,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141566,115],{"class":114},[53,141568,102],{"class":67},[53,141570,34572],{"class":98},[53,141572,95],{"class":67},[53,141574,141158],{"class":98},[53,141576,102],{"class":67},[53,141578,253],{"class":252},[53,141580,60317],{"class":256},[53,141582,253],{"class":252},[53,141584,75],{"class":67},[53,141586,37506],{"class":71},[53,141588,5236],{"class":67},[53,141590,3542],{"class":127},[830,141592,141593],{"id":29},[18,141594,29],{},[14,141596,141597],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[44,141599,141601],{"className":46,"code":141600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141602,141603,141615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141606,34551],{"class":59},[53,141608,64],{"class":63},[53,141610,264],{"class":252},[53,141612,60132],{"class":256},[53,141614,3239],{"class":252},[53,141616,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141618,115],{"class":114},[53,141620,102],{"class":67},[53,141622,34572],{"class":98},[53,141624,95],{"class":67},[53,141626,141158],{"class":98},[53,141628,102],{"class":67},[53,141630,253],{"class":252},[53,141632,141633],{"class":256},"wor",[53,141635,253],{"class":252},[53,141637,75],{"class":67},[53,141639,37506],{"class":71},[53,141641,75],{"class":67},[53,141643,1639],{"class":71},[53,141645,5236],{"class":67},[53,141647,3542],{"class":127},[830,141649,141651],{"id":141650},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141653,141654,141656],{},[18,141655,141321],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[44,141658,141660],{"className":46,"code":141659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141661,141662,141675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141665,126165],{"class":59},[53,141667,64],{"class":63},[53,141669,264],{"class":252},[53,141671,141672],{"class":256},"img_001.png",[53,141674,3239],{"class":252},[53,141676,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141694,141696,141698,141700,141703,141705,141707],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141678,115],{"class":114},[53,141680,102],{"class":67},[53,141682,126183],{"class":98},[53,141684,95],{"class":67},[53,141686,141158],{"class":98},[53,141688,5384],{"class":67},[53,141690,253],{"class":252},[53,141692,141693],{"class":256},"img_",[53,141695,253],{"class":252},[53,141697,75],{"class":67},[53,141699,264],{"class":252},[53,141701,141702],{"class":256},"photo_",[53,141704,253],{"class":252},[53,141706,50954],{"class":67},[53,141708,3542],{"class":127},[39,141710,17284],{"id":17283},[14,141712,141713,141715],{},[18,141714,127450],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[140,141717,141718,141723],{},[143,141719,141720,141722],{},[18,141721,573],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[143,141724,141725,126767],{},[18,141726,3552],{},[14,141728,141729,141730,7042],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141731,6867],{},[44,141733,141735],{"className":46,"code":141734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141736,141737,141751,141755,141776,141791,141797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141738,141739,141742,141744,141746,141749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141740,141741],{"class":59},"command ",[53,141743,64],{"class":63},[53,141745,264],{"class":252},[53,141747,141748],{"class":256},"\u002Fhelp",[53,141750,3239],{"class":252},[53,141752,141753],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141754,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,141756,141757,141759,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,141758,6867],{"class":1558},[53,141760,141761],{"class":59}," command",[53,141763,95],{"class":67},[53,141765,141158],{"class":98},[53,141767,102],{"class":67},[53,141769,253],{"class":252},[53,141771,126974],{"class":256},[53,141773,253],{"class":252},[53,141775,1580],{"class":67},[53,141777,141778,141780,141782,141784,141787,141789],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,141779,7936],{"class":114},[53,141781,102],{"class":67},[53,141783,253],{"class":252},[53,141785,141786],{"class":256},"This looks like a command.",[53,141788,253],{"class":252},[53,141790,108],{"class":67},[53,141792,141793,141795],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,141794,27299],{"class":1558},[53,141796,6265],{"class":67},[53,141798,141799,141801,141803,141805,141808,141810],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,141800,7936],{"class":114},[53,141802,102],{"class":67},[53,141804,253],{"class":252},[53,141806,141807],{"class":256},"This is normal text.",[53,141809,253],{"class":252},[53,141811,108],{"class":67},[14,141813,328],{},[44,141815,141817],{"className":46,"code":141816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,141818,141819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141820,141821,141824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141822,141823],{"class":59},"This looks like a command",[53,141825,122114],{"class":67},[39,141827,833,141829,8572,141831,4269,141833],{"id":141828},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,141830,127450],{},[18,141832,35938],{},[18,141834,29],{},[14,141836,16,141837,4269,141839,141841],{},[18,141838,35938],{},[18,141840,29],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[140,141843,141844,141849,141854],{},[143,141845,141846,141848],{},[18,141847,35938],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[143,141850,141851,141853],{},[18,141852,29],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[143,141855,141856],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141858,235],{},[44,141860,141862],{"className":46,"code":141861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,141863,141864,141876,141880,141909,141942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141867,34551],{"class":59},[53,141869,64],{"class":63},[53,141871,264],{"class":252},[53,141873,139361],{"class":256},[53,141875,3239],{"class":252},[53,141877,141878],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,141879,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,141881,141882,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,141883,115],{"class":114},[53,141885,102],{"class":67},[53,141887,34572],{"class":98},[53,141889,95],{"class":67},[53,141891,141158],{"class":98},[53,141893,102],{"class":67},[53,141895,253],{"class":252},[53,141897,78998],{"class":256},[53,141899,253],{"class":252},[53,141901,75],{"class":67},[53,141903,759],{"class":71},[53,141905,5236],{"class":67},[53,141907,141908],{"class":127},"        # True\n",[53,141910,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141938,141940],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,141912,115],{"class":114},[53,141914,102],{"class":67},[53,141916,34572],{"class":98},[53,141918,95],{"class":67},[53,141920,141158],{"class":98},[53,141922,102],{"class":67},[53,141924,253],{"class":252},[53,141926,133968],{"class":256},[53,141928,253],{"class":252},[53,141930,75],{"class":67},[53,141932,6232],{"class":71},[53,141934,75],{"class":67},[53,141936,141937],{"class":71}," 13",[53,141939,5236],{"class":67},[53,141941,3542],{"class":127},[53,141943,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,141945,115],{"class":114},[53,141947,102],{"class":67},[53,141949,34572],{"class":98},[53,141951,95],{"class":67},[53,141953,141158],{"class":98},[53,141955,102],{"class":67},[53,141957,253],{"class":252},[53,141959,133968],{"class":256},[53,141961,253],{"class":252},[53,141963,75],{"class":67},[53,141965,6232],{"class":71},[53,141967,75],{"class":67},[53,141969,30809],{"class":71},[53,141971,5236],{"class":67},[53,141973,4645],{"class":127},[14,141975,141976,141977,141979],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,141978,29],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[39,141981,141983],{"id":141982},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141985,141986],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141988,141989,141990,49211],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,141991,40699],{},[44,141993,141995],{"className":46,"code":141994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,141996,141997,142011,142025,142039,142043,142067,142071,142092,142113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141998,141999,142002,142004,142006,142009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142000,142001],{"class":59},"filename1 ",[53,142003,64],{"class":63},[53,142005,264],{"class":252},[53,142007,142008],{"class":256},"img_101.jpg",[53,142010,3239],{"class":252},[53,142012,142013,142016,142018,142020,142023],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142014,142015],{"class":59},"filename2 ",[53,142017,64],{"class":63},[53,142019,264],{"class":252},[53,142021,142022],{"class":256},"photo_202.jpg",[53,142024,3239],{"class":252},[53,142026,142027,142030,142032,142034,142037],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142028,142029],{"class":59},"filename3 ",[53,142031,64],{"class":63},[53,142033,264],{"class":252},[53,142035,142036],{"class":256},"doc_303.jpg",[53,142038,3239],{"class":252},[53,142040,142041],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142042,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142044,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,142046,127377],{"class":59},[53,142048,64],{"class":63},[53,142050,9103],{"class":67},[53,142052,253],{"class":252},[53,142054,141693],{"class":256},[53,142056,253],{"class":252},[53,142058,75],{"class":67},[53,142060,264],{"class":252},[53,142062,141702],{"class":256},[53,142064,253],{"class":252},[53,142066,108],{"class":67},[53,142068,142069],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,142070,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142072,142073,142075,142077,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,142074,115],{"class":114},[53,142076,102],{"class":67},[53,142078,142079],{"class":98},"filename1",[53,142081,95],{"class":67},[53,142083,141158],{"class":98},[53,142085,102],{"class":67},[53,142087,127429],{"class":98},[53,142089,5236],{"class":67},[53,142091,3542],{"class":127},[53,142093,142094,142096,142098,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,142095,115],{"class":114},[53,142097,102],{"class":67},[53,142099,142100],{"class":98},"filename2",[53,142102,95],{"class":67},[53,142104,141158],{"class":98},[53,142106,102],{"class":67},[53,142108,127429],{"class":98},[53,142110,5236],{"class":67},[53,142112,3542],{"class":127},[53,142114,142115,142117,142119,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,142116,115],{"class":114},[53,142118,102],{"class":67},[53,142120,142121],{"class":98},"filename3",[53,142123,95],{"class":67},[53,142125,141158],{"class":98},[53,142127,102],{"class":67},[53,142129,127429],{"class":98},[53,142131,5236],{"class":67},[53,142133,4645],{"class":127},[14,142135,142136],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142138,74499,142139,142143],{},[183,142140,126082,142141,10608],{"href":129676},[18,142142,126140],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[39,142145,123729],{"id":123728},[14,142147,142148,123540],{},[18,142149,127450],{},[14,142151,127127,142152,4269,142155,127134],{},[18,142153,142154],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142156,142157],{},"\"python\"",[44,142159,142161],{"className":46,"code":142160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142162,142163,142175,142179,142203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142164,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142166,34551],{"class":59},[53,142168,64],{"class":63},[53,142170,264],{"class":252},[53,142172,7166],{"class":256},[53,142174,3239],{"class":252},[53,142176,142177],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142178,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142180,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142182,115],{"class":114},[53,142184,102],{"class":67},[53,142186,34572],{"class":98},[53,142188,95],{"class":67},[53,142190,141158],{"class":98},[53,142192,102],{"class":67},[53,142194,253],{"class":252},[53,142196,141269],{"class":256},[53,142198,253],{"class":252},[53,142200,5236],{"class":67},[53,142202,3542],{"class":127},[53,142204,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142206,115],{"class":114},[53,142208,102],{"class":67},[53,142210,34572],{"class":98},[53,142212,95],{"class":67},[53,142214,141158],{"class":98},[53,142216,102],{"class":67},[53,142218,253],{"class":252},[53,142220,128528],{"class":256},[53,142222,253],{"class":252},[53,142224,5236],{"class":67},[53,142226,4645],{"class":127},[14,142228,127219,142229,95],{},[183,142230,142231],{"href":123809},[18,142232,123812],{},[44,142234,142236],{"className":46,"code":142235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142237,142238,142250,142254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142239,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142241,34551],{"class":59},[53,142243,64],{"class":63},[53,142245,264],{"class":252},[53,142247,7166],{"class":256},[53,142249,3239],{"class":252},[53,142251,142252],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142253,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142255,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142257,115],{"class":114},[53,142259,102],{"class":67},[53,142261,34572],{"class":98},[53,142263,95],{"class":67},[53,142265,8507],{"class":98},[53,142267,8504],{"class":67},[53,142269,141158],{"class":98},[53,142271,102],{"class":67},[53,142273,253],{"class":252},[53,142275,128528],{"class":256},[53,142277,253],{"class":252},[53,142279,5236],{"class":67},[53,142281,3542],{"class":127},[39,142283,4835,142285],{"id":142284},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142286,127450],{},[14,142288,142289,142291],{},[18,142290,127450],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142293,9241],{},[140,142295,142296,142299,142302,142311],{},[143,142297,142298],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[143,142300,142301],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[143,142303,142304,142305,2758,142308],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142306,142307],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142309,142310],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[143,142312,142313],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142315,235],{},[44,142317,142319],{"className":46,"code":142318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142320,142321,142334,142338,142367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142322,142323,142325,142327,142329,142332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142324,126945],{"class":59},[53,142326,64],{"class":63},[53,142328,264],{"class":252},[53,142330,142331],{"class":256},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[53,142333,3239],{"class":252},[53,142335,142336],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142337,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142339,142340,142342,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142341,6867],{"class":1558},[53,142343,142344],{"class":59}," url",[53,142346,95],{"class":67},[53,142348,141158],{"class":98},[53,142350,5384],{"class":67},[53,142352,253],{"class":252},[53,142354,142307],{"class":256},[53,142356,253],{"class":252},[53,142358,75],{"class":67},[53,142360,264],{"class":252},[53,142362,142310],{"class":256},[53,142364,253],{"class":252},[53,142366,69290],{"class":67},[53,142368,142369,142371,142373,142375,142378,142380],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142370,7936],{"class":114},[53,142372,102],{"class":67},[53,142374,253],{"class":252},[53,142376,142377],{"class":256},"This looks like a web URL.",[53,142379,253],{"class":252},[53,142381,108],{"class":67},[39,142383,2709],{"id":2708},[14,142385,22960,142386,95],{},[18,142387,127450],{},[830,142389,138522],{"id":142390},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142392,142393,123540],{},[18,142394,127450],{},[44,142396,142398],{"className":46,"code":142397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142399,142400,142412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142403,34551],{"class":59},[53,142405,64],{"class":63},[53,142407,264],{"class":252},[53,142409,7166],{"class":256},[53,142411,3239],{"class":252},[53,142413,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142415,115],{"class":114},[53,142417,102],{"class":67},[53,142419,34572],{"class":98},[53,142421,95],{"class":67},[53,142423,141158],{"class":98},[53,142425,102],{"class":67},[53,142427,253],{"class":252},[53,142429,48],{"class":256},[53,142431,253],{"class":252},[53,142433,5236],{"class":67},[53,142435,4645],{"class":127},[14,142437,39125],{},[44,142439,142441],{"className":46,"code":142440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142442,142443],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142444,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142446,115],{"class":114},[53,142448,102],{"class":67},[53,142450,34572],{"class":98},[53,142452,95],{"class":67},[53,142454,8507],{"class":98},[53,142456,8504],{"class":67},[53,142458,141158],{"class":98},[53,142460,102],{"class":67},[53,142462,253],{"class":252},[53,142464,48],{"class":256},[53,142466,253],{"class":252},[53,142468,5236],{"class":67},[53,142470,3542],{"class":127},[830,142472,29516,142474,137004],{"id":142473},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142475,127450],{},[14,142477,142478],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[44,142480,142482],{"className":46,"code":142481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142483,142484,142492,142496,142501],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142485,142486,142488,142490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142487,2325],{"class":59},[53,142489,64],{"class":63},[53,142491,124764],{"class":71},[53,142493,142494],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142495,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142497,142498],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142499,142500],{"class":127},"# This will cause an error:\n",[53,142502,142503],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142504,142505],{"class":127},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142507,39125],{},[44,142509,142511],{"className":46,"code":142510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142512,142513,142527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142514,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142516,2325],{"class":59},[53,142518,64],{"class":63},[53,142520,48767],{"class":2782},[53,142522,102],{"class":67},[53,142524,50109],{"class":71},[53,142526,108],{"class":67},[53,142528,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142530,115],{"class":114},[53,142532,102],{"class":67},[53,142534,2350],{"class":98},[53,142536,95],{"class":67},[53,142538,141158],{"class":98},[53,142540,102],{"class":67},[53,142542,253],{"class":252},[53,142544,72],{"class":256},[53,142546,253],{"class":252},[53,142548,5236],{"class":67},[53,142550,3542],{"class":127},[830,142552,37066,142554,8572,142556],{"id":142553},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142555,127450],{},[18,142557,1565],{},[14,142559,142560,142562],{},[18,142561,127450],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142564,142565,142566,142568,142569,95],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142567,1565],{}," or methods like ",[183,142570,142571],{"href":124092},[18,142572,124077],{},[44,142574,142576],{"className":46,"code":142575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142577,142578,142590,142594,142618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142579,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142581,34551],{"class":59},[53,142583,64],{"class":63},[53,142585,264],{"class":252},[53,142587,60132],{"class":256},[53,142589,3239],{"class":252},[53,142591,142592],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142593,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142595,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142597,115],{"class":114},[53,142599,102],{"class":67},[53,142601,34572],{"class":98},[53,142603,95],{"class":67},[53,142605,141158],{"class":98},[53,142607,102],{"class":67},[53,142609,253],{"class":252},[53,142611,60317],{"class":256},[53,142613,253],{"class":252},[53,142615,5236],{"class":67},[53,142617,4645],{"class":127},[53,142619,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142621,115],{"class":114},[53,142623,102],{"class":67},[53,142625,253],{"class":252},[53,142627,60317],{"class":256},[53,142629,253],{"class":252},[53,142631,21038],{"class":1558},[53,142633,42704],{"class":98},[53,142635,3539],{"class":67},[53,142637,142638],{"class":127},"           # True\n",[14,142640,135556,142641,95],{},[183,142642,127118],{"href":123337},[830,142644,4578,142646,4269,142648,142650],{"id":142645},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142647,35938],{},[18,142649,29],{}," use index positions",[14,142652,142653,142654,95],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142655,2000],{},[44,142657,142659],{"className":46,"code":142658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142660,142661,142674,142678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142662,142663,142665,142667,142669,142672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142664,34551],{"class":59},[53,142666,64],{"class":63},[53,142668,264],{"class":252},[53,142670,142671],{"class":256},"abcdef",[53,142673,3239],{"class":252},[53,142675,142676],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142677,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,142679,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142681,115],{"class":114},[53,142683,102],{"class":67},[53,142685,34572],{"class":98},[53,142687,95],{"class":67},[53,142689,141158],{"class":98},[53,142691,102],{"class":67},[53,142693,253],{"class":252},[53,142695,142696],{"class":256},"cd",[53,142698,253],{"class":252},[53,142700,75],{"class":67},[53,142702,78],{"class":71},[53,142704,5236],{"class":67},[53,142706,3542],{"class":127},[830,142708,142710],{"id":142709},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142712,142713],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142715,16508],{},[44,142717,142719],{"className":46,"code":142718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142720,142721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142722,142723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142724,142718],{"class":127},[14,142726,16520],{},[44,142728,142730],{"className":46,"code":142729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142731,142732,142744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142735,34551],{"class":59},[53,142737,64],{"class":63},[53,142739,264],{"class":252},[53,142741,7166],{"class":256},[53,142743,3239],{"class":252},[53,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142771,142773,142775],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142747,115],{"class":114},[53,142749,102],{"class":67},[53,142751,34572],{"class":98},[53,142753,95],{"class":67},[53,142755,141158],{"class":98},[53,142757,5384],{"class":67},[53,142759,253],{"class":252},[53,142761,141269],{"class":256},[53,142763,253],{"class":252},[53,142765,75],{"class":67},[53,142767,264],{"class":252},[53,142769,142770],{"class":256},"Ja",[53,142772,253],{"class":252},[53,142774,50954],{"class":67},[53,142776,3542],{"class":127},[14,142778,31946],{},[44,142780,142782],{"className":46,"code":142781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,142783,142784,142794,142808,142830,142856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142785,142786,142788,142790,142792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142787,115],{"class":114},[53,142789,102],{"class":67},[53,142791,34572],{"class":98},[53,142793,108],{"class":67},[53,142795,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,142797,115],{"class":114},[53,142799,102],{"class":67},[53,142801,3102],{"class":2782},[53,142803,102],{"class":67},[53,142805,34572],{"class":98},[53,142807,1907],{"class":67},[53,142809,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,142811,115],{"class":114},[53,142813,102],{"class":67},[53,142815,34572],{"class":98},[53,142817,95],{"class":67},[53,142819,141158],{"class":98},[53,142821,102],{"class":67},[53,142823,253],{"class":252},[53,142825,141269],{"class":256},[53,142827,253],{"class":252},[53,142829,1907],{"class":67},[53,142831,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,142833,115],{"class":114},[53,142835,102],{"class":67},[53,142837,34572],{"class":98},[53,142839,95],{"class":67},[53,142841,8507],{"class":98},[53,142843,8504],{"class":67},[53,142845,141158],{"class":98},[53,142847,102],{"class":67},[53,142849,253],{"class":252},[53,142851,128528],{"class":256},[53,142853,253],{"class":252},[53,142855,1907],{"class":67},[53,142857,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,142859,115],{"class":114},[53,142861,102],{"class":67},[53,142863,34572],{"class":98},[53,142865,95],{"class":67},[53,142867,141158],{"class":98},[53,142869,5384],{"class":67},[53,142871,253],{"class":252},[53,142873,141269],{"class":256},[53,142875,253],{"class":252},[53,142877,75],{"class":67},[53,142879,264],{"class":252},[53,142881,142770],{"class":256},[53,142883,253],{"class":252},[53,142885,2793],{"class":67},[39,142887,1650],{"id":1649},[830,142889,12570,142891,127928],{"id":142890},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,142892,127450],{},[14,142894,142895,142896,2758,142898,95],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,142897,573],{},[18,142899,3552],{},[830,142901,5045,142903,142905],{"id":142902},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,142904,127450],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142907,142908],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[44,142910,142912],{"className":46,"code":142911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,142913,142914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142915,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142917,34572],{"class":59},[53,142919,95],{"class":67},[53,142921,141158],{"class":98},[53,142923,5384],{"class":67},[53,142925,253],{"class":252},[53,142927,183],{"class":256},[53,142929,253],{"class":252},[53,142931,75],{"class":67},[53,142933,264],{"class":252},[53,142935,1453],{"class":256},[53,142937,253],{"class":252},[53,142939,1907],{"class":67},[830,142941,14766,142943,124418],{"id":142942},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,142944,127450],{},[14,142946,129611],{},[830,142948,5055,142950,4269,142952,2370],{"id":142949},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,142951,127450],{},[18,142953,1565],{},[14,142955,142956,142958,142959,142961],{},[18,142957,127450],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,142960,1565],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[830,142963,28194,142965,4269,142967,8572,142969,2370],{"id":142964},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,142966,35938],{},[18,142968,29],{},[18,142970,127450],{},[14,142972,142973],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[39,142975,1782],{"id":1781},[140,142977,142978,142984,142990,142996,143000],{},[143,142979,142980],{},[183,142981,126082,142982,10608],{"href":129676},[18,142983,126140],{},[143,142985,142986],{},[183,142987,126082,142988,10608],{"href":124092},[18,142989,124077],{},[143,142991,142992],{},[183,142993,126082,142994,10608],{"href":123809},[18,142995,123812],{},[143,142997,142998],{},[183,142999,124481],{"href":123337},[143,143001,143002],{},[183,143003,124837],{"href":50839},[1810,143005,143006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":143008},[143009,143011,143012,143018,143019,143021,143022,143023,143025,143035,143047],{"id":141204,"depth":89,"text":143010},"What startswith() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":141483,"depth":89,"text":141484,"children":143013},[143014,143015,143016,143017],{"id":141321,"depth":111,"text":141321},{"id":35938,"depth":111,"text":35938},{"id":29,"depth":111,"text":29},{"id":141650,"depth":111,"text":141651},{"id":17283,"depth":89,"text":17284},{"id":141828,"depth":89,"text":143020},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141982,"depth":89,"text":141983},{"id":123728,"depth":89,"text":123729},{"id":142284,"depth":89,"text":143024},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":143026},[143027,143028,143030,143032,143034],{"id":142390,"depth":111,"text":138522},{"id":142473,"depth":111,"text":143029},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142553,"depth":111,"text":143031},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142645,"depth":111,"text":143033},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142709,"depth":111,"text":142710},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":143036},[143037,143039,143041,143043,143045],{"id":142890,"depth":111,"text":143038},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142902,"depth":111,"text":143040},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142942,"depth":111,"text":143042},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142949,"depth":111,"text":143044},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142964,"depth":111,"text":143046},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141104,"description":143048},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143055,"title":143056,"body":143057,"description":144511,"extension":1841,"meta":144512,"navigation":301,"path":144513,"seo":144514,"stem":144515,"__hash__":144516},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143058,"toc":144481},[143059,143064,143069,143072,143074,143118,143120,143128,143133,143138,143143,143145,143163,143165,143211,143213,143227,143236,143240,143242,143244,143256,143261,143264,143296,143298,143307,143312,143315,143356,143358,143366,143368,143381,143387,143391,143394,143410,143412,143461,143463,143472,143475,143534,143536,143545,143552,143555,143608,143610,143634,143641,143647,143651,143657,143660,143671,143673,143713,143715,143723,143725,143765,143767,143776,143778,143796,143799,143806,143817,143820,143837,143839,143916,143918,143949,143952,143954,143957,143983,143985,144025,144027,144036,144046,144054,144062,144067,144072,144074,144088,144090,144141,144143,144152,144162,144164,144166,144188,144191,144270,144272,144308,144311,144386,144391,144393,144399,144404,144409,144412,144418,144421,144428,144436,144440,144448,144450,144478],[10,143060,123082,143062,11190],{"id":143061},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143063,41516],{},[14,143065,32181,143066,143068],{},[18,143067,41516],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143070,143071],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[39,143073,42],{"id":41},[44,143075,143077],{"className":46,"code":143076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143078,143079,143092,143107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143080,143081,143083,143085,143087,143090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143082,34551],{"class":59},[53,143084,64],{"class":63},[53,143086,264],{"class":252},[53,143088,143089],{"class":256},"  hello  ",[53,143091,3239],{"class":252},[53,143093,143094,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143095,143096],{"class":59},"clean_text ",[53,143098,64],{"class":63},[53,143100,42704],{"class":59},[53,143102,95],{"class":67},[53,143104,8501],{"class":98},[53,143106,8510],{"class":67},[53,143108,143109,143111,143113,143116],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143110,115],{"class":114},[53,143112,102],{"class":67},[53,143114,143115],{"class":98},"clean_text",[53,143117,108],{"class":67},[14,143119,328],{},[44,143121,143122],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,143123,143124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143125,143126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143127,138397],{"class":59},[14,143129,131,143130,143132],{},[18,143131,41516],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[39,143134,3556,143136,3559],{"id":143135},"what-strip-does",[18,143137,41516],{},[14,143139,143140,143142],{},[18,143141,41516],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143144,12919],{},[140,143146,143147,143151,143154,143157,143160],{},[143,143148,143149,131432],{},[18,143150,41516],{},[143,143152,143153],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[143,143155,143156],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[143,143158,143159],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[143,143161,143162],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143164,235],{},[44,143166,143168],{"className":46,"code":143167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143169,143170,143183,143187,143201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143171,143172,143174,143176,143178,143181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143173,34551],{"class":59},[53,143175,64],{"class":63},[53,143177,264],{"class":252},[53,143179,143180],{"class":256},"  hello world  ",[53,143182,3239],{"class":252},[53,143184,143185],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143186,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,143188,143189,143191,143193,143195,143197,143199],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143190,115],{"class":114},[53,143192,102],{"class":67},[53,143194,34572],{"class":98},[53,143196,95],{"class":67},[53,143198,8501],{"class":98},[53,143200,7064],{"class":67},[53,143202,143203,143205,143207,143209],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,143204,115],{"class":114},[53,143206,102],{"class":67},[53,143208,34572],{"class":98},[53,143210,108],{"class":67},[14,143212,328],{},[44,143214,143216],{"className":46,"code":143215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143217,143218,143222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143219,143220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143221,134098],{"class":59},[53,143223,143224],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143225,143226],{"class":59},"  hello world\n",[14,143228,143229,143230,143232,143233,143235],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143231,41516],{},", but the original ",[18,143234,34572],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143237,124834,143238,95],{},[183,143239,124837],{"href":50839},[39,143241,2039],{"id":2038},[14,143243,26352],{},[140,143245,143246,143251],{},[143,143247,143248],{},[18,143249,143250],{},"string.strip()",[143,143252,143253],{},[18,143254,143255],{},"string.strip(chars)",[830,143257,143259],{"id":143258},"stringstrip",[18,143260,143250],{},[14,143262,143263],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[44,143265,143267],{"className":46,"code":143266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143268,143269,143282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143270,143271,143273,143275,143277,143280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143272,7743],{"class":59},[53,143274,64],{"class":63},[53,143276,264],{"class":252},[53,143278,143279],{"class":256},"  Alice  ",[53,143281,3239],{"class":252},[53,143283,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143285,115],{"class":114},[53,143287,102],{"class":67},[53,143289,592],{"class":98},[53,143291,95],{"class":67},[53,143293,8501],{"class":98},[53,143295,7064],{"class":67},[14,143297,328],{},[44,143299,143301],{"className":46,"code":143300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Alice\n",[18,143302,143303],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143304,143305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143306,143300],{"class":59},[830,143308,143310],{"id":143309},"stringstripchars",[18,143311,143255],{},[14,143313,143314],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[44,143316,143318],{"className":46,"code":143317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143319,143320,143333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143321,143322,143324,143326,143328,143331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143323,34551],{"class":59},[53,143325,64],{"class":63},[53,143327,264],{"class":252},[53,143329,143330],{"class":256},"!!hello??",[53,143332,3239],{"class":252},[53,143334,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343,143345,143347,143349,143352,143354],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143336,115],{"class":114},[53,143338,102],{"class":67},[53,143340,34572],{"class":98},[53,143342,95],{"class":67},[53,143344,8501],{"class":98},[53,143346,102],{"class":67},[53,143348,253],{"class":252},[53,143350,143351],{"class":256},"!?",[53,143353,253],{"class":252},[53,143355,1907],{"class":67},[14,143357,328],{},[44,143359,143360],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,143361,143362],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143363,143364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143365,138397],{"class":59},[14,143367,83548],{},[140,143369,143370,143375],{},[143,143371,143372,143374],{},[18,143373,134341],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[143,143376,143377,143378,143380],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143379,134341],{}," does not matter",[39,143382,143384,143385],{"id":143383},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143386,41516],{},[14,143388,30751,143389,95],{},[18,143390,41516],{},[14,143392,143393],{},"It is useful for:",[140,143395,143396,143401,143404,143407],{},[143,143397,143398,143399,3763],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143400,2839],{},[143,143402,143403],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[143,143405,143406],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[143,143408,143409],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143411,48224],{},[44,143413,143415],{"className":46,"code":143414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143416,143417,143430,143446,143450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143418,143419,143421,143423,143425,143428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143420,7828],{"class":59},[53,143422,64],{"class":63},[53,143424,264],{"class":252},[53,143426,143427],{"class":256},"  sam  ",[53,143429,3239],{"class":252},[53,143431,143432,143435,143437,143440,143442,143444],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143433,143434],{"class":59},"clean_username ",[53,143436,64],{"class":63},[53,143438,143439],{"class":59}," username",[53,143441,95],{"class":67},[53,143443,8501],{"class":98},[53,143445,8510],{"class":67},[53,143447,143448],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143449,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,143451,143452,143454,143456,143459],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,143453,115],{"class":114},[53,143455,102],{"class":67},[53,143457,143458],{"class":98},"clean_username",[53,143460,108],{"class":67},[14,143462,328],{},[44,143464,143466],{"className":46,"code":143465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sam\n",[18,143467,143468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143469,143470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143471,143465],{"class":59},[14,143473,143474],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[44,143476,143478],{"className":46,"code":143477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143479,143480,143493,143497,143519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143481,143482,143484,143486,143488,143491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143483,136325],{"class":59},[53,143485,64],{"class":63},[53,143487,264],{"class":252},[53,143489,143490],{"class":256}," yes  ",[53,143492,3239],{"class":252},[53,143494,143495],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143496,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,143498,143499,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509,143511,143513,143515,143517],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143500,6867],{"class":1558},[53,143502,136345],{"class":59},[53,143504,95],{"class":67},[53,143506,8501],{"class":98},[53,143508,7235],{"class":67},[53,143510,6280],{"class":63},[53,143512,264],{"class":252},[53,143514,8525],{"class":256},[53,143516,253],{"class":252},[53,143518,6265],{"class":67},[53,143520,143521,143523,143525,143527,143530,143532],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,143522,7936],{"class":114},[53,143524,102],{"class":67},[53,143526,253],{"class":252},[53,143528,143529],{"class":256},"Matched",[53,143531,253],{"class":252},[53,143533,108],{"class":67},[14,143535,328],{},[44,143537,143539],{"className":46,"code":143538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Matched\n",[18,143540,143541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143542,143543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143544,143538],{"class":59},[14,143546,143547,143548,95],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[183,143549,143551],{"href":143550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143553,143554],{},"Example with file-style text:",[44,143556,143558],{"className":46,"code":143557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143559,143560,143576,143590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143561,143562,143565,143567,143569,143572,143574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143563,143564],{"class":59},"line ",[53,143566,64],{"class":63},[53,143568,264],{"class":252},[53,143570,143571],{"class":256},"Python basics",[53,143573,86880],{"class":34317},[53,143575,3239],{"class":252},[53,143577,143578,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143579,115],{"class":114},[53,143581,102],{"class":67},[53,143583,41642],{"class":114},[53,143585,102],{"class":67},[53,143587,55],{"class":98},[53,143589,1907],{"class":67},[53,143591,143592,143594,143596,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143593,115],{"class":114},[53,143595,102],{"class":67},[53,143597,41642],{"class":114},[53,143599,102],{"class":67},[53,143601,55],{"class":98},[53,143603,95],{"class":67},[53,143605,8501],{"class":98},[53,143607,6162],{"class":67},[14,143609,328],{},[44,143611,143613],{"className":46,"code":143612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143614,143615,143626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143616,143617,143619,143621,143624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143618,341],{"class":43190},[53,143620,143571],{"class":43194},[53,143622,86880],{"class":143623},"sfi6f",[53,143625,29566],{"class":43190},[53,143627,143628,143630,143632],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143629,341],{"class":43190},[53,143631,143571],{"class":43194},[53,143633,29566],{"class":43190},[14,143635,833,143636,143638,143639,95],{},[18,143637,122296],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143640,86880],{},[14,143642,143643,143644,95],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[183,143645,143646],{"href":87533},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[39,143648,143650],{"id":143649},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143652,143653,143654,95],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143655,143656],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143658,143659],{},"Python will:",[140,143661,143662,143665,143668],{},[143,143663,143664],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[143,143666,143667],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[143,143669,143670],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143672,235],{},[44,143674,143676],{"className":46,"code":143675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143677,143678,143691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143679,143680,143682,143684,143686,143689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143681,34551],{"class":59},[53,143683,64],{"class":63},[53,143685,264],{"class":252},[53,143687,143688],{"class":256},"??hello!!",[53,143690,3239],{"class":252},[53,143692,143693,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143694,115],{"class":114},[53,143696,102],{"class":67},[53,143698,34572],{"class":98},[53,143700,95],{"class":67},[53,143702,8501],{"class":98},[53,143704,102],{"class":67},[53,143706,253],{"class":252},[53,143708,143351],{"class":256},[53,143710,253],{"class":252},[53,143712,1907],{"class":67},[14,143714,328],{},[44,143716,143717],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,143718,143719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143720,143721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143722,138397],{"class":59},[14,143724,51943],{},[44,143726,143728],{"className":46,"code":143727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143729,143730,143743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143731,143732,143734,143736,143738,143741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143733,34551],{"class":59},[53,143735,64],{"class":63},[53,143737,264],{"class":252},[53,143739,143740],{"class":256},"abcHelloCba",[53,143742,3239],{"class":252},[53,143744,143745,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755,143757,143759,143761,143763],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143746,115],{"class":114},[53,143748,102],{"class":67},[53,143750,34572],{"class":98},[53,143752,95],{"class":67},[53,143754,8501],{"class":98},[53,143756,102],{"class":67},[53,143758,253],{"class":252},[53,143760,41423],{"class":256},[53,143762,253],{"class":252},[53,143764,1907],{"class":67},[14,143766,328],{},[44,143768,143770],{"className":46,"code":143769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloC\n",[18,143771,143772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143773,143774],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143775,143769],{"class":59},[14,143777,6107],{},[14,143779,143780,13916,143783,143785,143786,143788,143789,2072,143791,2076,143793,143795],{},[18,143781,143782],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[23,143784,36],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,143787,41423],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,143790,183],{},[18,143792,1453],{},[18,143794,1428],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143797,143798],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143800,143801,143802,1381],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[183,143803,143804],{"href":129663},[18,143805,124253],{},[39,143807,143809,10452,143811,10452,143814],{"id":143808},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,143810,41516],{},[18,143812,143813],{},"lstrip()",[18,143815,143816],{},"rstrip()",[14,143818,143819],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[140,143821,143822,143827,143832],{},[143,143823,143824,143826],{},[18,143825,41516],{}," removes from both ends",[143,143828,143829,143831],{},[18,143830,143813],{}," removes from the left side only",[143,143833,143834,143836],{},[18,143835,143816],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143838,235],{},[44,143840,143842],{"className":46,"code":143841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,143843,143844,143856,143860,143878,143897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143845,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143847,34551],{"class":59},[53,143849,64],{"class":63},[53,143851,264],{"class":252},[53,143853,143089],{"class":256},[53,143855,3239],{"class":252},[53,143857,143858],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143859,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,143861,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143863,115],{"class":114},[53,143865,102],{"class":67},[53,143867,41642],{"class":114},[53,143869,102],{"class":67},[53,143871,34572],{"class":98},[53,143873,95],{"class":67},[53,143875,8501],{"class":98},[53,143877,6162],{"class":67},[53,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143895],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,143881,115],{"class":114},[53,143883,102],{"class":67},[53,143885,41642],{"class":114},[53,143887,102],{"class":67},[53,143889,34572],{"class":98},[53,143891,95],{"class":67},[53,143893,143894],{"class":98},"lstrip",[53,143896,6162],{"class":67},[53,143898,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911,143914],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,143900,115],{"class":114},[53,143902,102],{"class":67},[53,143904,41642],{"class":114},[53,143906,102],{"class":67},[53,143908,34572],{"class":98},[53,143910,95],{"class":67},[53,143912,143913],{"class":98},"rstrip",[53,143915,6162],{"class":67},[14,143917,328],{},[44,143919,143921],{"className":46,"code":143920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,143922,143923,143931,143940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143924,143925,143927,143929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143926,341],{"class":43190},[53,143928,556],{"class":43194},[53,143930,29566],{"class":43190},[53,143932,143933,143935,143938],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,143934,341],{"class":43190},[53,143936,143937],{"class":43194},"hello  ",[53,143939,29566],{"class":43190},[53,143941,143942,143944,143947],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,143943,341],{"class":43190},[53,143945,143946],{"class":43194},"  hello",[53,143948,29566],{"class":43190},[14,143950,143951],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[39,143953,108090],{"id":108089},[14,143955,143956],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[140,143958,143959,143967,143977,143980],{},[143,143960,143961,143963,143964,143966],{},[18,143962,143782],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,143965,41392],{}," once",[143,143968,143969,143970,2072,143972,2076,143974,143976],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,143971,183],{},[18,143973,1453],{},[18,143975,1428],{}," from both ends",[143,143978,143979],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[143,143981,143982],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143984,235],{},[44,143986,143988],{"className":46,"code":143987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,143989,143990,144003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143991,143992,143994,143996,143998,144001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143993,126165],{"class":59},[53,143995,64],{"class":63},[53,143997,264],{"class":252},[53,143999,144000],{"class":256},"txt_report.txt",[53,144002,3239],{"class":252},[53,144004,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013,144015,144017,144019,144021,144023],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144006,115],{"class":114},[53,144008,102],{"class":67},[53,144010,126183],{"class":98},[53,144012,95],{"class":67},[53,144014,8501],{"class":98},[53,144016,102],{"class":67},[53,144018,253],{"class":252},[53,144020,126218],{"class":256},[53,144022,253],{"class":252},[53,144024,1907],{"class":67},[14,144026,328],{},[44,144028,144030],{"className":46,"code":144029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"_report\n",[18,144031,144032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144033,144034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144035,144029],{"class":59},[14,144037,144038,144039,2072,144041,2076,144043,144045],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144040,95],{},[18,144042,63013],{},[18,144044,2056],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144047,1134,144048,4657,144051,144053],{},[18,144049,144050],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[23,144052,36],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144055,144056,144057,144061],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[183,144058,144059],{"href":129663},[18,144060,124253],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[39,144063,4835,144065],{"id":144064},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144066,41516],{},[14,144068,131,144069,144071],{},[18,144070,41516],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144073,1518],{},[140,144075,144076,144080,144082,144085],{},[143,144077,143398,144078,3763],{},[18,144079,2839],{},[143,144081,143403],{},[143,144083,144084],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[143,144086,144087],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144089,235],{},[44,144091,144093],{"className":46,"code":144092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144094,144095,144109,144113,144126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144096,144097,144100,144102,144104,144107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144098,144099],{"class":59},"email ",[53,144101,64],{"class":63},[53,144103,264],{"class":252},[53,144105,144106],{"class":256},"  user@example.com  ",[53,144108,3239],{"class":252},[53,144110,144111],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144112,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144114,144115,144117,144120,144122,144124],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144116,6867],{"class":1558},[53,144118,144119],{"class":59}," email",[53,144121,95],{"class":67},[53,144123,8501],{"class":98},[53,144125,21460],{"class":67},[53,144127,144128,144130,144132,144134,144137,144139],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144129,7936],{"class":114},[53,144131,102],{"class":67},[53,144133,253],{"class":252},[53,144135,144136],{"class":256},"Email was entered",[53,144138,253],{"class":252},[53,144140,108],{"class":67},[14,144142,328],{},[44,144144,144146],{"className":46,"code":144145,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Email was entered\n",[18,144147,144148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144149,144150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144151,144145],{"class":59},[14,144153,144154,144155,144157,144158,95],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144156,41516],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[183,144159,144160],{"href":123809},[18,144161,123812],{},[39,144163,2709],{"id":2708},[14,144165,83967],{},[140,144167,144168,144172,144177,144182],{},[143,144169,8319,144170,131302],{},[18,144171,41516],{},[143,144173,8319,144174,144176],{},[18,144175,41516],{}," to remove text from the middle",[143,144178,833,144179,144181],{},[18,144180,144050],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[143,144183,4578,144184,144187],{},[18,144185,144186],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144189,144190],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[44,144192,144194],{"className":46,"code":144193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144195,144196,144210,144214,144224,144238,144252],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144197,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144199,34551],{"class":59},[53,144201,64],{"class":63},[53,144203,264],{"class":252},[53,144205,143946],{"class":256},[53,144207,86880],{"class":34317},[53,144209,3239],{"class":252},[53,144211,144212],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144213,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144217,115],{"class":114},[53,144219,102],{"class":67},[53,144221,34572],{"class":98},[53,144223,108],{"class":67},[53,144225,144226,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144227,115],{"class":114},[53,144229,102],{"class":67},[53,144231,41642],{"class":114},[53,144233,102],{"class":67},[53,144235,34572],{"class":98},[53,144237,1907],{"class":67},[53,144239,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248,144250],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,144241,115],{"class":114},[53,144243,102],{"class":67},[53,144245,34572],{"class":98},[53,144247,95],{"class":67},[53,144249,8501],{"class":98},[53,144251,7064],{"class":67},[53,144253,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,144255,115],{"class":114},[53,144257,102],{"class":67},[53,144259,41642],{"class":114},[53,144261,102],{"class":67},[53,144263,34572],{"class":98},[53,144265,95],{"class":67},[53,144267,8501],{"class":98},[53,144269,6162],{"class":67},[14,144271,328],{},[44,144273,144275],{"className":46,"code":144274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144276,144277,144282,144286,144296,144300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144278,144279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144280,144281],{"class":59},"  hello\n",[53,144283,144284],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144285,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144287,144288,144290,144292,144294],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144289,341],{"class":43190},[53,144291,143946],{"class":43194},[53,144293,86880],{"class":143623},[53,144295,29566],{"class":43190},[53,144297,144298],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144299,138397],{"class":59},[53,144301,144302,144304,144306],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,144303,341],{"class":43190},[53,144305,556],{"class":43194},[53,144307,29566],{"class":43190},[14,144309,144310],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[44,144312,144314],{"className":46,"code":144313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144315,144316,144326,144340,144354,144372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144317,144318,144320,144322,144324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144319,115],{"class":114},[53,144321,102],{"class":67},[53,144323,34572],{"class":98},[53,144325,108],{"class":67},[53,144327,144328,144330,144332,144334,144336,144338],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144329,115],{"class":114},[53,144331,102],{"class":67},[53,144333,41642],{"class":114},[53,144335,102],{"class":67},[53,144337,34572],{"class":98},[53,144339,1907],{"class":67},[53,144341,144342,144344,144346,144348,144350,144352],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144343,115],{"class":114},[53,144345,102],{"class":67},[53,144347,34572],{"class":98},[53,144349,95],{"class":67},[53,144351,8501],{"class":98},[53,144353,7064],{"class":67},[53,144355,144356,144358,144360,144362,144364,144366,144368,144370],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144357,115],{"class":114},[53,144359,102],{"class":67},[53,144361,41642],{"class":114},[53,144363,102],{"class":67},[53,144365,34572],{"class":98},[53,144367,95],{"class":67},[53,144369,8501],{"class":98},[53,144371,6162],{"class":67},[53,144373,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382,144384],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,144375,32016],{"class":114},[53,144377,102],{"class":67},[53,144379,3324],{"class":2782},[53,144381,95],{"class":67},[53,144383,8501],{"class":24615},[53,144385,108],{"class":67},[14,144387,144388,144390],{},[18,144389,122296],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[39,144392,1650],{"id":1649},[830,144394,12570,144396,144398],{"id":144395},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144397,41516],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144400,1657,144401,144403],{},[18,144402,41516],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[830,144405,12570,144407,124409],{"id":144406},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144408,41516],{},[14,144410,144411],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[830,144413,5017,144415,144417],{"id":144414},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144416,41516],{}," remove by default?",[14,144419,144420],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[830,144422,34069,144424,34072,144426,2370],{"id":144423},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144425,41516],{},[18,144427,124253],{},[14,144429,144430,144432,144433,144435],{},[18,144431,41516],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144434,124253],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[830,144437,144439],{"id":144438},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144441,127955,144442,144444,144445,144447],{},[18,144443,143813],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144446,143816],{}," for the right side.",[39,144449,1782],{"id":1781},[140,144451,144452,144458,144464,144469,144474],{},[143,144453,144454],{},[183,144455,126082,144456,10608],{"href":123809},[18,144457,123812],{},[143,144459,144460],{},[183,144461,126082,144462,10608],{"href":129663},[18,144463,124253],{},[143,144465,144466],{},[183,144467,144468],{"href":143550},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[143,144470,144471],{},[183,144472,144473],{"href":87533},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[143,144475,144476],{},[183,144477,124837],{"href":50839},[1810,144479,144480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":144482},[144483,144484,144486,144490,144492,144493,144495,144496,144498,144499,144510],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":143135,"depth":89,"text":144485},"What strip() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":144487},[144488,144489],{"id":143258,"depth":111,"text":143250},{"id":143309,"depth":111,"text":143255},{"id":143383,"depth":89,"text":144491},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143649,"depth":89,"text":143650},{"id":143808,"depth":89,"text":144494},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108089,"depth":89,"text":108090},{"id":144064,"depth":89,"text":144497},"When to use strip()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":144500},[144501,144503,144505,144507,144509],{"id":144395,"depth":111,"text":144502},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144406,"depth":111,"text":144504},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144414,"depth":111,"text":144506},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144423,"depth":111,"text":144508},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144438,"depth":111,"text":144439},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143056,"description":144511},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144518,"title":144519,"body":144520,"description":145700,"extension":1841,"meta":145701,"navigation":301,"path":145702,"seo":145703,"stem":145704,"__hash__":145705},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144521,"toc":145670},[144522,144527,144532,144537,144539,144585,144593,144598,144612,144618,144620,144622,144637,144639,144649,144652,144683,144686,144709,144711,144714,144771,144773,144787,144789,144803,144809,144814,144817,144858,144860,144869,144877,144880,144925,144927,144936,144939,144943,144948,144962,144964,144996,144998,145018,145021,145026,145031,145033,145044,145047,145104,145106,145114,145123,145125,145127,145133,145135,145172,145174,145182,145184,145225,145227,145236,145241,145246,145248,145275,145282,145285,145316,145318,145327,145333,145342,145373,145375,145387,145400,145404,145409,145439,145441,145508,145510,145520,145522,145527,145530,145535,145540,145544,145550,145556,145559,145561,145619,145621,145629,145631,145667],[10,144523,123082,144525,11190],{"id":144524},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144526,127960],{},[14,144528,123087,144529,144531],{},[18,144530,127960],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144533,84344,144534,144536],{},[18,144535,127960],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[39,144538,1882],{"id":1881},[44,144540,144542],{"className":46,"code":144541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144543,144544,144556,144570,144580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144545,144546,144548,144550,144552,144554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144547,34551],{"class":59},[53,144549,64],{"class":63},[53,144551,264],{"class":252},[53,144553,128801],{"class":256},[53,144555,3239],{"class":252},[53,144557,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144559,276],{"class":59},[53,144561,64],{"class":63},[53,144563,42704],{"class":59},[53,144565,95],{"class":67},[53,144567,34342],{"class":98},[53,144569,8510],{"class":67},[53,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144573,115],{"class":114},[53,144575,102],{"class":67},[53,144577,323],{"class":98},[53,144579,108],{"class":67},[53,144581,144582],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144583,144584],{"class":127},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144586,144587,144589,144590,144592],{},[18,144588,127960],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[23,144591,36],{}," change the original string in place.",[39,144594,3556,144596,3559],{"id":144595},"what-upper-does",[18,144597,127960],{},[140,144599,144600,144605,144608,144610],{},[143,144601,144602,144604],{},[18,144603,127960],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[143,144606,144607],{},"It works on string values only",[143,144609,133330],{},[143,144611,136048],{},[14,144613,124834,144614,2758,144616,95],{},[183,144615,136054],{"href":136053},[183,144617,124837],{"href":50839},[39,144619,2039],{"id":2038},[14,144621,2042],{},[44,144623,144625],{"className":46,"code":144624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.upper()\n",[18,144626,144627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144628,144629,144631,144633,144635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144630,60900],{"class":59},[53,144632,95],{"class":67},[53,144634,34342],{"class":98},[53,144636,8510],{"class":67},[14,144638,11327],{},[140,144640,144641,144643,144646],{},[143,144642,97255],{},[143,144644,144645],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[143,144647,144648],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144650,144651],{},"Example with a variable:",[44,144653,144655],{"className":46,"code":144654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144656,144657,144669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144658,144659,144661,144663,144665,144667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144660,7743],{"class":59},[53,144662,64],{"class":63},[53,144664,264],{"class":252},[53,144666,48],{"class":256},[53,144668,3239],{"class":252},[53,144670,144671,144673,144675,144677,144679,144681],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144672,115],{"class":114},[53,144674,102],{"class":67},[53,144676,592],{"class":98},[53,144678,95],{"class":67},[53,144680,34342],{"class":98},[53,144682,7064],{"class":67},[14,144684,144685],{},"Example with a string literal:",[44,144687,144689],{"className":46,"code":144688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144690,144691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144692,144693,144695,144697,144699,144701,144703,144705,144707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144694,115],{"class":114},[53,144696,102],{"class":67},[53,144698,253],{"class":252},[53,144700,556],{"class":256},[53,144702,253],{"class":252},[53,144704,95],{"class":67},[53,144706,34342],{"class":98},[53,144708,7064],{"class":67},[39,144710,385],{"id":384},[14,144712,144713],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[44,144715,144717],{"className":46,"code":144716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144718,144719,144731,144746,144750,144760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144720,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144722,6026],{"class":59},[53,144724,64],{"class":63},[53,144726,264],{"class":252},[53,144728,267],{"class":256},[53,144730,3239],{"class":252},[53,144732,144733,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144734,144735],{"class":59},"uppercase_word ",[53,144737,64],{"class":63},[53,144739,38244],{"class":59},[53,144741,95],{"class":67},[53,144743,34342],{"class":98},[53,144745,8510],{"class":67},[53,144747,144748],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144749,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144751,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144753,115],{"class":114},[53,144755,102],{"class":67},[53,144757,38254],{"class":98},[53,144759,108],{"class":67},[53,144761,144762,144764,144766,144769],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,144763,115],{"class":114},[53,144765,102],{"class":67},[53,144767,144768],{"class":98},"uppercase_word",[53,144770,108],{"class":67},[14,144772,328],{},[44,144774,144776],{"className":46,"code":144775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144777,144778,144782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144779,144780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144781,70133],{"class":59},[53,144783,144784],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144785,144786],{"class":34317},"BANANA\n",[14,144788,112196],{},[140,144790,144791,144796],{},[143,144792,144793,144795],{},[18,144794,38254],{}," keeps its original value",[143,144797,144798,144800,144801],{},[18,144799,144768],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,144802,127960],{},[39,144804,144806,144808],{"id":144805},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,144807,127960],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144810,136714,144811,144813],{},[23,144812,136717],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144815,144816],{},"So this method:",[44,144818,144820],{"className":46,"code":144819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144821,144822,144834,144844,144848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144823,144824,144826,144828,144830,144832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144825,7743],{"class":59},[53,144827,64],{"class":63},[53,144829,264],{"class":252},[53,144831,17667],{"class":256},[53,144833,3239],{"class":252},[53,144835,144836,144838,144840,144842],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144837,592],{"class":59},[53,144839,95],{"class":67},[53,144841,34342],{"class":98},[53,144843,8510],{"class":67},[53,144845,144846],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144847,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144849,144850,144852,144854,144856],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144851,115],{"class":114},[53,144853,102],{"class":67},[53,144855,592],{"class":98},[53,144857,108],{"class":67},[14,144859,328],{},[44,144861,144863],{"className":46,"code":144862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"alice\n",[18,144864,144865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144866,144867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144868,144862],{"class":59},[14,144870,20842,144871,144873,144874,144876],{},[18,144872,127960],{}," was called, ",[18,144875,592],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144878,144879],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[44,144881,144883],{"className":46,"code":144882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144884,144885,144897,144911,144915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144886,144887,144889,144891,144893,144895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144888,7743],{"class":59},[53,144890,64],{"class":63},[53,144892,264],{"class":252},[53,144894,17667],{"class":256},[53,144896,3239],{"class":252},[53,144898,144899,144901,144903,144905,144907,144909],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144900,7743],{"class":59},[53,144902,64],{"class":63},[53,144904,35857],{"class":59},[53,144906,95],{"class":67},[53,144908,34342],{"class":98},[53,144910,8510],{"class":67},[53,144912,144913],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,144914,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,144916,144917,144919,144921,144923],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,144918,115],{"class":114},[53,144920,102],{"class":67},[53,144922,592],{"class":98},[53,144924,108],{"class":67},[14,144926,328],{},[44,144928,144930],{"className":46,"code":144929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ALICE\n",[18,144931,144932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144933,144934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144935,144929],{"class":34317},[14,144937,144938],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[39,144940,144942],{"id":144941},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144944,144945,144947],{},[18,144946,127960],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[140,144949,144950,144953,144956,144959],{},[143,144951,144952],{},"Numbers stay the same",[143,144954,144955],{},"Spaces stay the same",[143,144957,144958],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[143,144960,144961],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144963,235],{},[44,144965,144967],{"className":46,"code":144966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,144968,144969,144982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144970,144971,144973,144975,144977,144980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144972,34551],{"class":59},[53,144974,64],{"class":63},[53,144976,264],{"class":252},[53,144978,144979],{"class":256},"Room 7, table #3!",[53,144981,3239],{"class":252},[53,144983,144984,144986,144988,144990,144992,144994],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,144985,115],{"class":114},[53,144987,102],{"class":67},[53,144989,34572],{"class":98},[53,144991,95],{"class":67},[53,144993,34342],{"class":98},[53,144995,7064],{"class":67},[14,144997,328],{},[44,144999,145001],{"className":46,"code":145000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145002,145003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145004,145005,145008,145010,145012,145015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145006,145007],{"class":34317},"ROOM",[53,145009,5865],{"class":71},[53,145011,75],{"class":67},[53,145013,145014],{"class":34317}," TABLE",[53,145016,145017],{"class":127}," #3!\n",[14,145019,145020],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[39,145022,4835,145024],{"id":145023},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145025,127960],{},[14,145027,145028,145030],{},[18,145029,127960],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145032,48202],{},[140,145034,145035,145038,145041],{},[143,145036,145037],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[143,145039,145040],{},"Format labels or headings",[143,145042,145043],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145045,145046],{},"Example: simple comparison",[44,145048,145050],{"className":46,"code":145049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145051,145052,145064,145068,145090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145053,145054,145056,145058,145060,145062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145055,136325],{"class":59},[53,145057,64],{"class":63},[53,145059,264],{"class":252},[53,145061,8525],{"class":256},[53,145063,3239],{"class":252},[53,145065,145066],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145067,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145071,6867],{"class":1558},[53,145073,136345],{"class":59},[53,145075,95],{"class":67},[53,145077,34342],{"class":98},[53,145079,7235],{"class":67},[53,145081,6280],{"class":63},[53,145083,264],{"class":252},[53,145085,136332],{"class":256},[53,145087,253],{"class":252},[53,145089,6265],{"class":67},[53,145091,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,145093,7936],{"class":114},[53,145095,102],{"class":67},[53,145097,253],{"class":252},[53,145099,143529],{"class":256},[53,145101,253],{"class":252},[53,145103,108],{"class":67},[14,145105,328],{},[44,145107,145108],{"className":46,"code":143538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,145109,145110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145111,145112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145113,143538],{"class":59},[14,145115,145116,145117,2072,145119,2076,145121,95],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145118,8525],{},[18,145120,137118],{},[18,145122,136332],{},[39,145124,2709],{"id":2708},[830,145126,95616],{"id":95615},[14,145128,7984,145129,145132],{},[18,145130,145131],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145134,16508],{},[44,145136,145138],{"className":46,"code":145137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145139,145140,145152,145162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148,145150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145143,34551],{"class":59},[53,145145,64],{"class":63},[53,145147,264],{"class":252},[53,145149,556],{"class":256},[53,145151,3239],{"class":252},[53,145153,145154,145156,145158,145160],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145155,34572],{"class":59},[53,145157,95],{"class":67},[53,145159,34342],{"class":98},[53,145161,8510],{"class":67},[53,145163,145164,145166,145168,145170],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145165,115],{"class":114},[53,145167,102],{"class":67},[53,145169,34572],{"class":98},[53,145171,108],{"class":67},[14,145173,328],{},[44,145175,145176],{"className":46,"code":138397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,145177,145178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145179,145180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145181,138397],{"class":59},[14,145183,16520],{},[44,145185,145187],{"className":46,"code":145186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145188,145189,145201,145215],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145192,34551],{"class":59},[53,145194,64],{"class":63},[53,145196,264],{"class":252},[53,145198,556],{"class":256},[53,145200,3239],{"class":252},[53,145202,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211,145213],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145204,34551],{"class":59},[53,145206,64],{"class":63},[53,145208,42704],{"class":59},[53,145210,95],{"class":67},[53,145212,34342],{"class":98},[53,145214,8510],{"class":67},[53,145216,145217,145219,145221,145223],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145218,115],{"class":114},[53,145220,102],{"class":67},[53,145222,34572],{"class":98},[53,145224,108],{"class":67},[14,145226,328],{},[44,145228,145230],{"className":46,"code":145229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO\n",[18,145231,145232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145233,145234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145235,145229],{"class":34317},[830,145237,18772,145239,137004],{"id":145238},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145240,127960],{},[14,145242,145243,145245],{},[18,145244,127960],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145247,235],{},[44,145249,145251],{"className":46,"code":145250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145252,145253,145261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145254,145255,145257,145259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145256,1594],{"class":59},[53,145258,64],{"class":63},[53,145260,124764],{"class":71},[53,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145264,115],{"class":114},[53,145266,102],{"class":67},[53,145268,2120],{"class":98},[53,145270,95],{"class":67},[53,145272,34342],{"class":98},[53,145274,7064],{"class":67},[14,145276,39517,145277,145279,145280,33464],{},[18,145278,2071],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145281,127960],{},[14,145283,145284],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[44,145286,145288],{"className":46,"code":145287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145289,145290,145298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145291,145292,145294,145296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145293,1594],{"class":59},[53,145295,64],{"class":63},[53,145297,124764],{"class":71},[53,145299,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145301,115],{"class":114},[53,145303,102],{"class":67},[53,145305,3324],{"class":2782},[53,145307,102],{"class":67},[53,145309,2120],{"class":98},[53,145311,8498],{"class":67},[53,145313,34342],{"class":98},[53,145315,7064],{"class":67},[14,145317,328],{},[44,145319,145321],{"className":46,"code":145320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"123\n",[18,145322,145323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145324,145325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145326,145320],{"class":71},[830,145328,37066,145330,145332],{"id":145329},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145331,127960],{}," with title case",[14,145334,145335,145337,145338,145341],{},[18,145336,127960],{}," makes ",[23,145339,145340],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[44,145343,145345],{"className":46,"code":145344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145346,145347,145359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145350,34551],{"class":59},[53,145352,64],{"class":63},[53,145354,264],{"class":252},[53,145356,60132],{"class":256},[53,145358,3239],{"class":252},[53,145360,145361,145363,145365,145367,145369,145371],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145362,115],{"class":114},[53,145364,102],{"class":67},[53,145366,34572],{"class":98},[53,145368,95],{"class":67},[53,145370,34342],{"class":98},[53,145372,7064],{"class":67},[14,145374,328],{},[44,145376,145378],{"className":46,"code":145377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145379,145380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145381,145382,145384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145383,136106],{"class":34317},[53,145385,145386],{"class":34317}," WORLD\n",[14,145388,145389,145390,145394,145395,145399],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[183,145391,145392],{"href":123809},[18,145393,123812],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[183,145396,145397],{"href":129663},[18,145398,124253],{}," changes parts of a string.",[39,145401,145403],{"id":145402},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145405,145406,145407,597],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145408,127960],{},[140,145410,145411,145418,145425,145432],{},[143,145412,145413,145417],{},[183,145414,145415],{"href":123809},[18,145416,123812],{}," for lowercase text",[143,145419,145420,145424],{},[183,145421,145422],{"href":136652},[18,145423,41516],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[143,145426,145427,145431],{},[183,145428,145429],{"href":129663},[18,145430,124253],{}," for changing parts of a string",[143,145433,145434,4269,145436,145438],{},[18,145435,127450],{},[18,145437,126140],{}," for checks",[14,145440,235],{},[44,145442,145444],{"className":46,"code":145443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145445,145446,145458,145462,145477,145493,145497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145449,34551],{"class":59},[53,145451,64],{"class":63},[53,145453,264],{"class":252},[53,145455,143180],{"class":256},[53,145457,3239],{"class":252},[53,145459,145460],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145461,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,145463,145464,145467,145469,145471,145473,145475],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145465,145466],{"class":59},"cleaned ",[53,145468,64],{"class":63},[53,145470,42704],{"class":59},[53,145472,95],{"class":67},[53,145474,8501],{"class":98},[53,145476,8510],{"class":67},[53,145478,145479,145482,145484,145487,145489,145491],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,145480,145481],{"class":59},"loud ",[53,145483,64],{"class":63},[53,145485,145486],{"class":59}," cleaned",[53,145488,95],{"class":67},[53,145490,34342],{"class":98},[53,145492,8510],{"class":67},[53,145494,145495],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,145496,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,145498,145499,145501,145503,145506],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,145500,115],{"class":114},[53,145502,102],{"class":67},[53,145504,145505],{"class":98},"loud",[53,145507,108],{"class":67},[14,145509,328],{},[44,145511,145512],{"className":46,"code":145377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,145513,145514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145515,145516,145518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145517,136106],{"class":34317},[53,145519,145386],{"class":34317},[39,145521,1650],{"id":1649},[830,145523,12570,145525,124409],{"id":145524},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145526,127960],{},[14,145528,145529],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[830,145531,12570,145533,137386],{"id":145532},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145534,127960],{},[14,145536,145537,145538,95],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145539,145131],{},[830,145541,145543],{"id":145542},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145545,145546,145547,145549],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145548,127960],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[830,145551,28194,145553,145555],{"id":145552},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145554,127960],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145557,145558],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145560,235],{},[44,145562,145564],{"className":46,"code":145563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145565,145566,145578,145591,145595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145567,145568,145570,145572,145574,145576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145569,2432],{"class":59},[53,145571,64],{"class":63},[53,145573,264],{"class":252},[53,145575,48],{"class":256},[53,145577,3239],{"class":252},[53,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145589],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145581,2460],{"class":59},[53,145583,64],{"class":63},[53,145585,264],{"class":252},[53,145587,145588],{"class":256},"PYTHON",[53,145590,3239],{"class":252},[53,145592,145593],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145594,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,145596,145597,145599,145601,145603,145605,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,145598,115],{"class":114},[53,145600,102],{"class":67},[53,145602,183],{"class":98},[53,145604,95],{"class":67},[53,145606,34342],{"class":98},[53,145608,7235],{"class":67},[53,145610,6280],{"class":63},[53,145612,2437],{"class":98},[53,145614,95],{"class":67},[53,145616,34342],{"class":98},[53,145618,7064],{"class":67},[14,145620,328],{},[44,145622,145623],{"className":46,"code":3855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145626,145627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145628,3855],{"class":369},[39,145630,1782],{"id":1781},[140,145632,145633,145637,145643,145649,145655,145659,145663],{},[143,145634,145635],{},[183,145636,124837],{"href":50839},[143,145638,145639],{},[183,145640,126082,145641,10608],{"href":123809},[18,145642,123812],{},[143,145644,145645],{},[183,145646,126082,145647,10608],{"href":136652},[18,145648,41516],{},[143,145650,145651],{},[183,145652,126082,145653,10608],{"href":129663},[18,145654,124253],{},[143,145656,145657],{},[183,145658,90410],{"href":89419},[143,145660,145661],{},[183,145662,124481],{"href":123337},[143,145664,145665],{},[183,145666,137472],{"href":136053},[1810,145668,145669],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":145671},[145672,145673,145675,145676,145677,145679,145680,145682,145689,145690,145699],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":144595,"depth":89,"text":145674},"What upper() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":144805,"depth":89,"text":145678},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144941,"depth":89,"text":144942},{"id":145023,"depth":89,"text":145681},"When to use upper()",{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":145683},[145684,145685,145687],{"id":95615,"depth":111,"text":95616},{"id":145238,"depth":111,"text":145686},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145329,"depth":111,"text":145688},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145402,"depth":89,"text":145403},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":145691},[145692,145694,145696,145697],{"id":145524,"depth":111,"text":145693},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145532,"depth":111,"text":145695},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145542,"depth":111,"text":145543},{"id":145552,"depth":111,"text":145698},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144519,"description":145700},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145707,"title":145708,"body":145709,"description":147586,"extension":1841,"meta":147587,"navigation":301,"path":147588,"seo":147589,"stem":147590,"__hash__":147591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145710,"toc":147536},[145711,145717,145724,145730,145732,145788,145793,145798,145803,145806,145825,145828,145830,145854,145872,145883,145885,145888,145941,145943,145951,145953,145971,145976,145979,146036,146038,146047,146050,146070,146073,146079,146084,146086,146129,146131,146139,146142,146183,146185,146194,146200,146206,146233,146235,146243,146248,146252,146264,146307,146309,146317,146322,146328,146333,146337,146339,146382,146385,146432,146434,146443,146450,146454,146457,146503,146508,146512,146514,146557,146560,146568,146570,146575,146577,146579,146598,146601,146613,146615,146634,146636,146644,146648,146650,146701,146704,146779,146781,146789,146792,146796,146798,146845,146848,146919,146921,146929,146935,146937,147012,147016,147095,147097,147105,147111,147117,147122,147127,147176,147180,147251,147254,147259,147270,147273,147284,147294,147296,147301,147326,147331,147412,147414,147439,147441,147446,147449,147455,147464,147470,147473,147479,147485,147492,147495,147497,147533],[10,145712,3457,145714,3461],{"id":145713},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145715,145716],{},"sum()",[14,145718,8991,145719,145721,145722,24629],{},[18,145720,145716],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145723,59724],{},[14,145725,145726,145727,145729],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145728,35938],{}," value and a few important limits.",[39,145731,1882],{"id":1881},[44,145733,145735],{"className":46,"code":145734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145736,145737,145761,145776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145738,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145740,60],{"class":59},[53,145742,64],{"class":63},[53,145744,68],{"class":67},[53,145746,72],{"class":71},[53,145748,75],{"class":67},[53,145750,78],{"class":71},[53,145752,75],{"class":67},[53,145754,83],{"class":71},[53,145756,75],{"class":67},[53,145758,759],{"class":71},[53,145760,86],{"class":67},[53,145762,145763,145765,145767,145770,145772,145774],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145764,41045],{"class":59},[53,145766,64],{"class":63},[53,145768,145769],{"class":114}," sum",[53,145771,102],{"class":67},[53,145773,92],{"class":98},[53,145775,108],{"class":67},[53,145777,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145779,115],{"class":114},[53,145781,102],{"class":67},[53,145783,41074],{"class":98},[53,145785,3539],{"class":67},[53,145787,26660],{"class":127},[14,145789,131,145790,145792],{},[18,145791,145716],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[39,145794,3556,145796,3559],{"id":145795},"what-sum-does",[18,145797,145716],{},[14,145799,145800,145802],{},[18,145801,145716],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145804,145805],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[140,145807,145808,145811,145814,145819],{},[143,145809,145810],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[143,145812,145813],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[143,145815,145816,145817],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,145818,36062],{},[143,145820,145821,145822,145824],{},"Counting ",[18,145823,573],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145826,145827],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[39,145829,2039],{"id":2038},[44,145831,145833],{"className":46,"code":145832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,145834,145835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145836,145837,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145838,145839],{"class":114},"sum",[53,145841,102],{"class":67},[53,145843,3600],{"class":98},[53,145845,75],{"class":67},[53,145847,35917],{"class":9043},[53,145849,64],{"class":63},[53,145851,2000],{"class":71},[53,145853,108],{"class":67},[140,145855,145856,145861,145866],{},[143,145857,145858,145860],{},[18,145859,3600],{}," is the group of values to add",[143,145862,145863,145865],{},[18,145864,35938],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[143,145867,145868,145869],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,145870,145871],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145873,145874,145875,145878,145879,95],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145876,145877,3600],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[183,145880,145881,24482],{"href":36059},[18,145882,36062],{},[39,145884,385],{"id":384},[14,145886,145887],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[44,145889,145891],{"className":46,"code":145890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145892,145893,145913,145927,145931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145894,145895,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145896,60],{"class":59},[53,145898,64],{"class":63},[53,145900,68],{"class":67},[53,145902,2017],{"class":71},[53,145904,75],{"class":67},[53,145906,5876],{"class":71},[53,145908,75],{"class":67},[53,145910,37799],{"class":71},[53,145912,86],{"class":67},[53,145914,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,145916,41045],{"class":59},[53,145918,64],{"class":63},[53,145920,145769],{"class":114},[53,145922,102],{"class":67},[53,145924,92],{"class":98},[53,145926,108],{"class":67},[53,145928,145929],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,145930,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,145932,145933,145935,145937,145939],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,145934,115],{"class":114},[53,145936,102],{"class":67},[53,145938,41074],{"class":98},[53,145940,108],{"class":67},[14,145942,328],{},[44,145944,145945],{"className":46,"code":69567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,145946,145947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145948,145949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145950,69567],{"class":71},[14,145952,11551],{},[140,145954,145955,145960,145966],{},[143,145956,145957,145959],{},[18,145958,92],{}," contains three integers",[143,145961,145962,145965],{},[18,145963,145964],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[143,145967,145968,145969],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,145970,41074],{},[39,145972,36474,145974,8299],{"id":145973},"using-the-start-value",[18,145975,35938],{},[14,145977,145978],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[44,145980,145982],{"className":46,"code":145981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145983,145984,146004,146022,146026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145985,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145987,60],{"class":59},[53,145989,64],{"class":63},[53,145991,68],{"class":67},[53,145993,72],{"class":71},[53,145995,75],{"class":67},[53,145997,78],{"class":71},[53,145999,75],{"class":67},[53,146001,83],{"class":71},[53,146003,86],{"class":67},[53,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146007,41045],{"class":59},[53,146009,64],{"class":63},[53,146011,145769],{"class":114},[53,146013,102],{"class":67},[53,146015,92],{"class":98},[53,146017,75],{"class":67},[53,146019,5876],{"class":71},[53,146021,108],{"class":67},[53,146023,146024],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,146025,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,146027,146028,146030,146032,146034],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,146029,115],{"class":114},[53,146031,102],{"class":67},[53,146033,41074],{"class":98},[53,146035,108],{"class":67},[14,146037,328],{},[44,146039,146041],{"className":46,"code":146040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"16\n",[18,146042,146043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146044,146045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146046,146040],{"class":71},[14,146048,146049],{},"This works like:",[140,146051,146052,146057,146062,146066],{},[143,146053,146054,146055],{},"Start at ",[18,146056,539],{},[143,146058,146059,146060],{},"Add ",[18,146061,72],{},[143,146063,146059,146064],{},[18,146065,1937],{},[143,146067,146059,146068],{},[18,146069,754],{},[14,146071,146072],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[39,146074,3556,146076,146078],{"id":146075},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146077,145716],{}," can work with",[14,146080,146081,146083],{},[18,146082,145716],{}," works with numeric values.",[830,146085,40288],{"id":40287},[44,146087,146089],{"className":46,"code":146088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146090,146091,146115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146092,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146094,3702],{"class":59},[53,146096,64],{"class":63},[53,146098,68],{"class":67},[53,146100,72],{"class":71},[53,146102,75],{"class":67},[53,146104,78],{"class":71},[53,146106,75],{"class":67},[53,146108,83],{"class":71},[53,146110,75],{"class":67},[53,146112,759],{"class":71},[53,146114,86],{"class":67},[53,146116,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146118,115],{"class":114},[53,146120,102],{"class":67},[53,146122,145839],{"class":114},[53,146124,102],{"class":67},[53,146126,5233],{"class":98},[53,146128,1907],{"class":67},[14,146130,328],{},[44,146132,146133],{"className":46,"code":2255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146134,146135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146136,146137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146138,2255],{"class":71},[830,146140,146141],{"id":51909},"Floats",[44,146143,146145],{"className":46,"code":146144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146146,146147,146169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146148,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146162,146164,146167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146150,82775],{"class":59},[53,146152,64],{"class":63},[53,146154,68],{"class":67},[53,146156,41021],{"class":71},[53,146158,75],{"class":67},[53,146160,146161],{"class":71}," 3.75",[53,146163,75],{"class":67},[53,146165,146166],{"class":71}," 1.25",[53,146168,86],{"class":67},[53,146170,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146172,115],{"class":114},[53,146174,102],{"class":67},[53,146176,145839],{"class":114},[53,146178,102],{"class":67},[53,146180,82811],{"class":98},[53,146182,1907],{"class":67},[14,146184,328],{},[44,146186,146188],{"className":46,"code":146187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.5\n",[18,146189,146190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146191,146192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146193,146187],{"class":71},[14,146195,146196,146197,95],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[183,146198,146199],{"href":2297},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[830,146201,146203,146204],{"id":146202},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146205,36062],{},[44,146207,146209],{"className":46,"code":146208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146210,146211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227,146229,146231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146214,115],{"class":114},[53,146216,102],{"class":67},[53,146218,145839],{"class":114},[53,146220,102],{"class":67},[53,146222,59724],{"class":114},[53,146224,102],{"class":67},[53,146226,72],{"class":71},[53,146228,75],{"class":67},[53,146230,37506],{"class":71},[53,146232,2793],{"class":67},[14,146234,328],{},[44,146236,146237],{"className":46,"code":46903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146238,146239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146240,146241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146242,46903],{"class":71},[14,146244,113286,146245,95],{},[18,146246,146247],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[830,146249,146251],{"id":146250},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146253,146254,146255,146257,146258,4269,146260,146257,146262,95],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146256,573],{}," acts like ",[18,146259,72],{},[18,146261,3552],{},[18,146263,2000],{},[44,146265,146267],{"className":46,"code":146266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146268,146269,146293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146270,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146272,51829],{"class":59},[53,146274,64],{"class":63},[53,146276,68],{"class":67},[53,146278,573],{"class":369},[53,146280,75],{"class":67},[53,146282,3783],{"class":369},[53,146284,75],{"class":67},[53,146286,674],{"class":369},[53,146288,75],{"class":67},[53,146290,674],{"class":369},[53,146292,86],{"class":67},[53,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146296,115],{"class":114},[53,146298,102],{"class":67},[53,146300,145839],{"class":114},[53,146302,102],{"class":67},[53,146304,51882],{"class":98},[53,146306,1907],{"class":67},[14,146308,328],{},[44,146310,146311],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146312,146313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146314,146315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146316,46479],{"class":71},[14,146318,146319,146320,95],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146321,573],{},[39,146323,3556,146325,146327],{"id":146324},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146326,145716],{}," does not work with",[14,146329,146330,146332],{},[18,146331,145716],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[830,146334,146336],{"id":146335},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146338,2716],{},[44,146340,146342],{"className":46,"code":146341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146343,146344,146368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146345,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146347,3946],{"class":59},[53,146349,64],{"class":63},[53,146351,68],{"class":67},[53,146353,253],{"class":252},[53,146355,556],{"class":256},[53,146357,253],{"class":252},[53,146359,75],{"class":67},[53,146361,264],{"class":252},[53,146363,60317],{"class":256},[53,146365,253],{"class":252},[53,146367,86],{"class":67},[53,146369,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146371,115],{"class":114},[53,146373,102],{"class":67},[53,146375,145839],{"class":114},[53,146377,102],{"class":67},[53,146379,3988],{"class":98},[53,146381,1907],{"class":67},[14,146383,146384],{},"Use string joining instead:",[44,146386,146388],{"className":46,"code":146387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146389,146390,146414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146391,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146393,3946],{"class":59},[53,146395,64],{"class":63},[53,146397,68],{"class":67},[53,146399,253],{"class":252},[53,146401,556],{"class":256},[53,146403,253],{"class":252},[53,146405,75],{"class":67},[53,146407,264],{"class":252},[53,146409,60317],{"class":256},[53,146411,253],{"class":252},[53,146413,86],{"class":67},[53,146415,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146417,115],{"class":114},[53,146419,102],{"class":67},[53,146421,6144],{"class":252},[53,146423,95],{"class":67},[53,146425,133241],{"class":98},[53,146427,102],{"class":67},[53,146429,3988],{"class":98},[53,146431,1907],{"class":67},[14,146433,328],{},[44,146435,146437],{"className":46,"code":146436,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"helloworld\n",[18,146438,146439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146440,146441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146442,146436],{"class":59},[14,146444,146445,146446,95],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[183,146447,146448,5656],{"href":42037},[18,146449,47546],{},[830,146451,146453],{"id":146452},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146455,146456],{},"This also causes an error:",[44,146458,146460],{"className":46,"code":146459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146461,146462,146489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146463,146464,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146465,146466],{"class":59},"lists ",[53,146468,64],{"class":63},[53,146470,56018],{"class":67},[53,146472,72],{"class":71},[53,146474,75],{"class":67},[53,146476,78],{"class":71},[53,146478,17926],{"class":67},[53,146480,68],{"class":67},[53,146482,754],{"class":71},[53,146484,75],{"class":67},[53,146486,759],{"class":71},[53,146488,711],{"class":67},[53,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146492,115],{"class":114},[53,146494,102],{"class":67},[53,146496,145839],{"class":114},[53,146498,102],{"class":67},[53,146500,172],{"class":98},[53,146502,1907],{"class":67},[14,146504,146505,146507],{},[18,146506,145716],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[830,146509,146511],{"id":146510},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146513,5345],{},[44,146515,146517],{"className":46,"code":146516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146518,146519,146543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146520,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146522,3702],{"class":59},[53,146524,64],{"class":63},[53,146526,68],{"class":67},[53,146528,72],{"class":71},[53,146530,75],{"class":67},[53,146532,78],{"class":71},[53,146534,75],{"class":67},[53,146536,264],{"class":252},[53,146538,754],{"class":256},[53,146540,253],{"class":252},[53,146542,86],{"class":67},[53,146544,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146546,115],{"class":114},[53,146548,102],{"class":67},[53,146550,145839],{"class":114},[53,146552,102],{"class":67},[53,146554,5233],{"class":98},[53,146556,1907],{"class":67},[14,146558,146559],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146561,146562,146563,146565,146566,95],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146564,65672],{},", convert them first. See ",[183,146567,2844],{"href":2843},[39,146569,41367],{"id":41366},[14,146571,146572,146573,95],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146574,145716],{},[830,146576,6394],{"id":6393},[14,146578,4400],{},[44,146580,146582],{"className":46,"code":146581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146583,146584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146585,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146587,115],{"class":114},[53,146589,102],{"class":67},[53,146591,145839],{"class":114},[53,146593,102],{"class":67},[53,146595,2017],{"class":71},[53,146597,1907],{"class":67},[14,146599,146600],{},"Why it fails:",[140,146602,146603,146608],{},[143,146604,146605,146607],{},[18,146606,2017],{}," is a single integer",[143,146609,146610,146612],{},[18,146611,145716],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146614,6424],{},[44,146616,146618],{"className":46,"code":146617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146619,146620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146621,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146623,115],{"class":114},[53,146625,102],{"class":67},[53,146627,145839],{"class":114},[53,146629,619],{"class":67},[53,146631,2017],{"class":71},[53,146633,2879],{"class":67},[14,146635,328],{},[44,146637,146638],{"className":46,"code":2828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146639,146640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146641,146642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146643,2828],{"class":71},[830,146645,146647],{"id":146646},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146649,4400],{},[44,146651,146653],{"className":46,"code":146652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146654,146655,146687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146656,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146658,3702],{"class":59},[53,146660,64],{"class":63},[53,146662,68],{"class":67},[53,146664,253],{"class":252},[53,146666,72],{"class":256},[53,146668,253],{"class":252},[53,146670,75],{"class":67},[53,146672,264],{"class":252},[53,146674,1937],{"class":256},[53,146676,253],{"class":252},[53,146678,75],{"class":67},[53,146680,264],{"class":252},[53,146682,754],{"class":256},[53,146684,253],{"class":252},[53,146686,86],{"class":67},[53,146688,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146690,115],{"class":114},[53,146692,102],{"class":67},[53,146694,145839],{"class":114},[53,146696,102],{"class":67},[53,146698,5233],{"class":98},[53,146700,1907],{"class":67},[14,146702,146703],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[44,146705,146707],{"className":46,"code":146706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146708,146709,146741,146769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146710,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146712,3702],{"class":59},[53,146714,64],{"class":63},[53,146716,68],{"class":67},[53,146718,253],{"class":252},[53,146720,72],{"class":256},[53,146722,253],{"class":252},[53,146724,75],{"class":67},[53,146726,264],{"class":252},[53,146728,1937],{"class":256},[53,146730,253],{"class":252},[53,146732,75],{"class":67},[53,146734,264],{"class":252},[53,146736,754],{"class":256},[53,146738,253],{"class":252},[53,146740,86],{"class":67},[53,146742,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146744,41045],{"class":59},[53,146746,64],{"class":63},[53,146748,145769],{"class":114},[53,146750,102],{"class":67},[53,146752,2071],{"class":2782},[53,146754,102],{"class":67},[53,146756,2056],{"class":98},[53,146758,3539],{"class":67},[53,146760,3755],{"class":1558},[53,146762,3758],{"class":98},[53,146764,1565],{"class":1558},[53,146766,3763],{"class":98},[53,146768,108],{"class":67},[53,146770,146771,146773,146775,146777],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,146772,115],{"class":114},[53,146774,102],{"class":67},[53,146776,41074],{"class":98},[53,146778,108],{"class":67},[14,146780,328],{},[44,146782,146783],{"className":46,"code":2533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146784,146785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146786,146787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146788,2533],{"class":71},[14,146790,146791],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[830,146793,146795],{"id":146794},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146797,4400],{},[44,146799,146801],{"className":46,"code":146800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146802,146803,146831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146804,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146806,3702],{"class":59},[53,146808,64],{"class":63},[53,146810,68],{"class":67},[53,146812,72],{"class":71},[53,146814,75],{"class":67},[53,146816,78],{"class":71},[53,146818,75],{"class":67},[53,146820,264],{"class":252},[53,146822,754],{"class":256},[53,146824,253],{"class":252},[53,146826,75],{"class":67},[53,146828,759],{"class":71},[53,146830,86],{"class":67},[53,146832,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146834,115],{"class":114},[53,146836,102],{"class":67},[53,146838,145839],{"class":114},[53,146840,102],{"class":67},[53,146842,5233],{"class":98},[53,146844,1907],{"class":67},[14,146846,146847],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[44,146849,146851],{"className":46,"code":146850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146852,146853,146881,146909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146854,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146856,3702],{"class":59},[53,146858,64],{"class":63},[53,146860,68],{"class":67},[53,146862,72],{"class":71},[53,146864,75],{"class":67},[53,146866,78],{"class":71},[53,146868,75],{"class":67},[53,146870,264],{"class":252},[53,146872,754],{"class":256},[53,146874,253],{"class":252},[53,146876,75],{"class":67},[53,146878,759],{"class":71},[53,146880,86],{"class":67},[53,146882,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,146884,41045],{"class":59},[53,146886,64],{"class":63},[53,146888,145769],{"class":114},[53,146890,102],{"class":67},[53,146892,2071],{"class":2782},[53,146894,102],{"class":67},[53,146896,2056],{"class":98},[53,146898,3539],{"class":67},[53,146900,3755],{"class":1558},[53,146902,3758],{"class":98},[53,146904,1565],{"class":1558},[53,146906,3763],{"class":98},[53,146908,108],{"class":67},[53,146910,146911,146913,146915,146917],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,146912,115],{"class":114},[53,146914,102],{"class":67},[53,146916,41074],{"class":98},[53,146918,108],{"class":67},[14,146920,328],{},[44,146922,146923],{"className":46,"code":2255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,146924,146925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146926,146927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146928,2255],{"class":71},[830,146930,833,146932,146934],{"id":146931},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,146933,145716],{}," to join text",[14,146936,4400],{},[44,146938,146940],{"className":46,"code":146939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,146941,146942,146998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146943,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146945,1411],{"class":59},[53,146947,64],{"class":63},[53,146949,68],{"class":67},[53,146951,253],{"class":252},[53,146953,133840],{"class":256},[53,146955,253],{"class":252},[53,146957,75],{"class":67},[53,146959,264],{"class":252},[53,146961,11613],{"class":256},[53,146963,253],{"class":252},[53,146965,75],{"class":67},[53,146967,264],{"class":252},[53,146969,63013],{"class":256},[53,146971,253],{"class":252},[53,146973,75],{"class":67},[53,146975,264],{"class":252},[53,146977,60164],{"class":256},[53,146979,253],{"class":252},[53,146981,75],{"class":67},[53,146983,264],{"class":252},[53,146985,60199],{"class":256},[53,146987,253],{"class":252},[53,146989,75],{"class":67},[53,146991,264],{"class":252},[53,146993,75757],{"class":256},[53,146995,253],{"class":252},[53,146997,86],{"class":67},[53,146999,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147001,115],{"class":114},[53,147003,102],{"class":67},[53,147005,145839],{"class":114},[53,147007,102],{"class":67},[53,147009,1437],{"class":98},[53,147011,1907],{"class":67},[14,147013,131,147014,60258],{},[18,147015,133164],{},[44,147017,147019],{"className":46,"code":147018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147020,147021,147077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147022,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147024,1411],{"class":59},[53,147026,64],{"class":63},[53,147028,68],{"class":67},[53,147030,253],{"class":252},[53,147032,133840],{"class":256},[53,147034,253],{"class":252},[53,147036,75],{"class":67},[53,147038,264],{"class":252},[53,147040,11613],{"class":256},[53,147042,253],{"class":252},[53,147044,75],{"class":67},[53,147046,264],{"class":252},[53,147048,63013],{"class":256},[53,147050,253],{"class":252},[53,147052,75],{"class":67},[53,147054,264],{"class":252},[53,147056,60164],{"class":256},[53,147058,253],{"class":252},[53,147060,75],{"class":67},[53,147062,264],{"class":252},[53,147064,60199],{"class":256},[53,147066,253],{"class":252},[53,147068,75],{"class":67},[53,147070,264],{"class":252},[53,147072,75757],{"class":256},[53,147074,253],{"class":252},[53,147076,86],{"class":67},[53,147078,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147080,115],{"class":114},[53,147082,102],{"class":67},[53,147084,6144],{"class":252},[53,147086,95],{"class":67},[53,147088,133241],{"class":98},[53,147090,102],{"class":67},[53,147092,1437],{"class":98},[53,147094,1907],{"class":67},[14,147096,328],{},[44,147098,147099],{"className":46,"code":133921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,147100,147101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147102,147103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147104,133921],{"class":59},[14,147106,147107,147108,95],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[183,147109,147110],{"href":135002},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[39,147112,147114,147116],{"id":147113},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147115,145716],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147118,147119,147121],{},[18,147120,145716],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[830,147123,833,147125],{"id":147124},"using-sum",[18,147126,145716],{},[44,147128,147130],{"className":46,"code":147129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147131,147132,147152,147166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147133,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147135,60],{"class":59},[53,147137,64],{"class":63},[53,147139,68],{"class":67},[53,147141,105],{"class":71},[53,147143,75],{"class":67},[53,147145,5865],{"class":71},[53,147147,75],{"class":67},[53,147149,1639],{"class":71},[53,147151,86],{"class":67},[53,147153,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147155,41045],{"class":59},[53,147157,64],{"class":63},[53,147159,145769],{"class":114},[53,147161,102],{"class":67},[53,147163,92],{"class":98},[53,147165,108],{"class":67},[53,147167,147168,147170,147172,147174],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147169,115],{"class":114},[53,147171,102],{"class":67},[53,147173,41074],{"class":98},[53,147175,108],{"class":67},[830,147177,147179],{"id":147178},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[44,147181,147183],{"className":46,"code":147182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147184,147185,147205,147213,147217,147229,147237,147241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147186,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147188,60],{"class":59},[53,147190,64],{"class":63},[53,147192,68],{"class":67},[53,147194,105],{"class":71},[53,147196,75],{"class":67},[53,147198,5865],{"class":71},[53,147200,75],{"class":67},[53,147202,1639],{"class":71},[53,147204,86],{"class":67},[53,147206,147207,147209,147211],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147208,41045],{"class":59},[53,147210,64],{"class":63},[53,147212,38376],{"class":71},[53,147214,147215],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147216,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,147218,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,147220,1559],{"class":1558},[53,147222,1562],{"class":59},[53,147224,1565],{"class":1558},[53,147226,4138],{"class":59},[53,147228,6265],{"class":67},[53,147230,147231,147233,147235],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,147232,89834],{"class":59},[53,147234,89837],{"class":63},[53,147236,89840],{"class":59},[53,147238,147239],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,147240,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,147242,147243,147245,147247,147249],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,147244,115],{"class":114},[53,147246,102],{"class":67},[53,147248,41074],{"class":98},[53,147250,108],{"class":67},[14,147252,147253],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147255,2366,147256,147258],{},[18,147257,145716],{}," is often better:",[140,147260,147261,147264,147267],{},[143,147262,147263],{},"Shorter code",[143,147265,147266],{},"Easier to read",[143,147268,147269],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147271,147272],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[140,147274,147275,147278,147281],{},[143,147276,147277],{},"You need to skip some values",[143,147279,147280],{},"You need extra checks",[143,147282,147283],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147285,147286,147287,147290,147291,147293],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[183,147288,147289],{"href":39871},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147292,145716],{}," on the filtered result.",[39,147295,2709],{"id":2708},[14,147297,147298,147299,597],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147300,145716],{},[140,147302,147303,147309,147316,147323],{},[143,147304,147305,147306],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147307,147308],{},"sum(5)",[143,147310,147311,147312,147315],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147313,147314],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[143,147317,833,147318,147320,147321],{},[18,147319,145716],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147322,133164],{},[143,147324,147325],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147327,8743,147328,147330],{},[18,147329,145716],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[44,147332,147334],{"className":46,"code":147333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147335,147336,147346,147360,147384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147337,147338,147340,147342,147344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147339,115],{"class":114},[53,147341,102],{"class":67},[53,147343,5233],{"class":98},[53,147345,108],{"class":67},[53,147347,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147349,115],{"class":114},[53,147351,102],{"class":67},[53,147353,3102],{"class":2782},[53,147355,102],{"class":67},[53,147357,5233],{"class":98},[53,147359,1907],{"class":67},[53,147361,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147363,115],{"class":114},[53,147365,619],{"class":67},[53,147367,3102],{"class":2782},[53,147369,102],{"class":67},[53,147371,2056],{"class":98},[53,147373,3539],{"class":67},[53,147375,3755],{"class":1558},[53,147377,3758],{"class":98},[53,147379,1565],{"class":1558},[53,147381,3763],{"class":98},[53,147383,632],{"class":67},[53,147385,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,147387,115],{"class":114},[53,147389,102],{"class":67},[53,147391,145839],{"class":114},[53,147393,619],{"class":67},[53,147395,2071],{"class":2782},[53,147397,102],{"class":67},[53,147399,2056],{"class":98},[53,147401,3539],{"class":67},[53,147403,3755],{"class":1558},[53,147405,3758],{"class":98},[53,147407,1565],{"class":1558},[53,147409,3763],{"class":98},[53,147411,2879],{"class":67},[14,147413,135735],{},[140,147415,147416,147422,147428,147433],{},[143,147417,147418,147421],{},[18,147419,147420],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[143,147423,147424,147427],{},[18,147425,147426],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[143,147429,147430,135757],{},[18,147431,147432],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[143,147434,147435,147438],{},[18,147436,147437],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[39,147440,1650],{"id":1649},[830,147442,5017,147444,5020],{"id":147443},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147445,145716],{},[14,147447,147448],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[830,147450,5045,147452,147454],{"id":147451},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147453,145716],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147456,30137,147457,2758,147460,147463],{},[18,147458,147459],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147461,147462],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[830,147465,5045,147467,147469],{"id":147466},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147468,145716],{}," work with floats?",[14,147471,147472],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[830,147474,147476,147477,2370],{"id":147475},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147478,145716],{},[14,147480,147481,147482,147484],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147483,35938],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[830,147486,5033,147488,119120,147490,2370],{"id":147487},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147489,145716],{},[18,147491,2885],{},[14,147493,147494],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[39,147496,1782],{"id":1781},[140,147498,147499,147503,147509,147515,147521,147525,147529],{},[143,147500,147501],{},[183,147502,146199],{"href":2297},[143,147504,147505],{},[183,147506,3457,147507,3390],{"href":36059},[18,147508,36062],{},[143,147510,147511],{},[183,147512,3457,147513,3390],{"href":42220},[18,147514,42223],{},[143,147516,147517],{},[183,147518,3457,147519,3390],{"href":42037},[18,147520,47546],{},[143,147522,147523],{},[183,147524,5097],{"href":39871},[143,147526,147527],{},[183,147528,3407],{"href":2843},[143,147530,147531],{},[183,147532,147110],{"href":135002},[1810,147534,147535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":147537},[147538,147539,147541,147542,147543,147545,147553,147559,147566,147572,147573,147585],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":145795,"depth":89,"text":147540},"What sum() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":145973,"depth":89,"text":147544},"Using the start value",{"id":146075,"depth":89,"text":147546,"children":147547},"What sum() can work with",[147548,147549,147550,147552],{"id":40287,"depth":111,"text":40288},{"id":51909,"depth":111,"text":146141},{"id":146202,"depth":111,"text":147551},"Values from range()",{"id":146250,"depth":111,"text":146251},{"id":146324,"depth":89,"text":147554,"children":147555},"What sum() does not work with",[147556,147557,147558],{"id":146335,"depth":111,"text":146336},{"id":146452,"depth":111,"text":146453},{"id":146510,"depth":111,"text":146511},{"id":41366,"depth":89,"text":41367,"children":147560},[147561,147562,147563,147564],{"id":6393,"depth":111,"text":6394},{"id":146646,"depth":111,"text":146647},{"id":146794,"depth":111,"text":146795},{"id":146931,"depth":111,"text":147565},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147113,"depth":89,"text":147567,"children":147568},"sum() vs manual loop",[147569,147571],{"id":147124,"depth":111,"text":147570},"Using sum()",{"id":147178,"depth":111,"text":147179},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":147574},[147575,147577,147579,147581,147583],{"id":147443,"depth":111,"text":147576},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147451,"depth":111,"text":147578},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147466,"depth":111,"text":147580},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147475,"depth":111,"text":147582},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147487,"depth":111,"text":147584},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145708,"description":147586},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147593,"title":147594,"body":147595,"description":148997,"extension":1841,"meta":148998,"navigation":301,"path":148999,"seo":149000,"stem":149001,"__hash__":149002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147596,"toc":148965},[147597,147603,147609,147612,147675,147681,147686,147690,147707,147721,147725,147745,147759,147761,147854,147856,147870,147872,147875,147964,147966,147974,147983,147985,147989,148010,148012,148104,148106,148127,148129,148133,148147,148149,148223,148225,148244,148248,148251,148274,148276,148387,148394,148402,148404,148410,148413,148456,148459,148482,148490,148494,148569,148575,148600,148607,148610,148613,148617,148622,148710,148718,148722,148725,148750,148754,148815,148819,148868,148878,148880,148885,148888,148894,148897,148901,148905,148911,148914,148922,148930,148932,148962],[10,147598,147600,147601,11190],{"id":147599},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147602,57015],{},[14,147604,147605,147608],{},[18,147606,147607],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147610,147611],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[44,147613,147615],{"className":46,"code":147614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147616,147617,147645,147663],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147618,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147620,60],{"class":59},[53,147622,64],{"class":63},[53,147624,9103],{"class":67},[53,147626,72],{"class":71},[53,147628,75],{"class":67},[53,147630,78],{"class":71},[53,147632,75],{"class":67},[53,147634,78],{"class":71},[53,147636,75],{"class":67},[53,147638,83],{"class":71},[53,147640,75],{"class":67},[53,147642,78],{"class":71},[53,147644,108],{"class":67},[53,147646,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147648,276],{"class":59},[53,147650,64],{"class":63},[53,147652,4138],{"class":59},[53,147654,95],{"class":67},[53,147656,41122],{"class":98},[53,147658,102],{"class":67},[53,147660,1937],{"class":71},[53,147662,108],{"class":67},[53,147664,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147666,115],{"class":114},[53,147668,102],{"class":67},[53,147670,323],{"class":98},[53,147672,3539],{"class":67},[53,147674,50634],{"class":127},[14,147676,131,147677,147680],{},[18,147678,147679],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[39,147682,3556,147684,3559],{"id":147683},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147685,147607],{},[14,147687,147688,597],{},[18,147689,147679],{},[140,147691,147692,147698,147701,147704],{},[143,147693,147694,147695,147697],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147696,2350],{}," appears in the tuple",[143,147699,147700],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[143,147702,147703],{},"Returns an integer",[143,147705,147706],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147708,147709,147710,147712,147713,2758,147717,95],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147711,57015],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[183,147714,147716],{"href":147715},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[183,147718,147720],{"href":147719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[39,147722,147724],{"id":147723},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[44,147726,147728],{"className":46,"code":147727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147729,147730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147731,147732,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147733,147734],{"class":59},"my_tuple",[53,147736,95],{"class":67},[53,147738,41122],{"class":98},[53,147740,102],{"class":67},[53,147742,2350],{"class":98},[53,147744,108],{"class":67},[140,147746,147747,147751,147754],{},[143,147748,147749,57180],{},[18,147750,2350],{},[143,147752,147753],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[143,147755,147756,147757],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147758,2000],{},[830,147760,102835],{"id":102834},[44,147762,147764],{"className":46,"code":147763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147765,147766,147806,147830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147767,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147769,398],{"class":59},[53,147771,64],{"class":63},[53,147773,9103],{"class":67},[53,147775,253],{"class":252},[53,147777,407],{"class":256},[53,147779,253],{"class":252},[53,147781,75],{"class":67},[53,147783,264],{"class":252},[53,147785,416],{"class":256},[53,147787,253],{"class":252},[53,147789,75],{"class":67},[53,147791,264],{"class":252},[53,147793,407],{"class":256},[53,147795,253],{"class":252},[53,147797,75],{"class":67},[53,147799,264],{"class":252},[53,147801,436],{"class":256},[53,147803,253],{"class":252},[53,147805,108],{"class":67},[53,147807,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147809,115],{"class":114},[53,147811,102],{"class":67},[53,147813,425],{"class":98},[53,147815,95],{"class":67},[53,147817,41122],{"class":98},[53,147819,102],{"class":67},[53,147821,253],{"class":252},[53,147823,407],{"class":256},[53,147825,253],{"class":252},[53,147827,5236],{"class":67},[53,147829,57370],{"class":127},[53,147831,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147833,115],{"class":114},[53,147835,102],{"class":67},[53,147837,425],{"class":98},[53,147839,95],{"class":67},[53,147841,41122],{"class":98},[53,147843,102],{"class":67},[53,147845,253],{"class":252},[53,147847,22389],{"class":256},[53,147849,253],{"class":252},[53,147851,5236],{"class":67},[53,147853,51110],{"class":127},[14,147855,19821],{},[140,147857,147858,147863],{},[143,147859,147860,147862],{},[18,147861,65119],{}," appears 2 times",[143,147864,147865,147867,147868],{},[18,147866,109531],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,147869,2000],{},[39,147871,385],{"id":384},[14,147873,147874],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[44,147876,147878],{"className":46,"code":147877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,147879,147880,147928,147932,147954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147881,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147883,245],{"class":59},[53,147885,64],{"class":63},[53,147887,9103],{"class":67},[53,147889,253],{"class":252},[53,147891,257],{"class":256},[53,147893,253],{"class":252},[53,147895,75],{"class":67},[53,147897,264],{"class":252},[53,147899,267],{"class":256},[53,147901,253],{"class":252},[53,147903,75],{"class":67},[53,147905,264],{"class":252},[53,147907,257],{"class":256},[53,147909,253],{"class":252},[53,147911,75],{"class":67},[53,147913,264],{"class":252},[53,147915,292],{"class":256},[53,147917,253],{"class":252},[53,147919,75],{"class":67},[53,147921,264],{"class":252},[53,147923,257],{"class":256},[53,147925,253],{"class":252},[53,147927,108],{"class":67},[53,147929,147930],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,147931,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,147933,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,147935,276],{"class":59},[53,147937,64],{"class":63},[53,147939,281],{"class":59},[53,147941,95],{"class":67},[53,147943,41122],{"class":98},[53,147945,102],{"class":67},[53,147947,253],{"class":252},[53,147949,257],{"class":256},[53,147951,253],{"class":252},[53,147953,108],{"class":67},[53,147955,147956,147958,147960,147962],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,147957,115],{"class":114},[53,147959,102],{"class":67},[53,147961,323],{"class":98},[53,147963,108],{"class":67},[14,147965,328],{},[44,147967,147968],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,147969,147970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147971,147972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147973,46479],{"class":71},[14,147975,147976,147978,147979,1129,147981,95],{},[18,147977,57558],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,147980,57015],{},[18,147982,754],{},[39,147984,37883],{"id":37882},[14,147986,57269,147987,128470],{},[18,147988,57015],{},[140,147990,147991,147996,148001,148004],{},[143,147992,11292,147993,147995],{},[18,147994,2000],{}," when the value does not exist",[143,147997,11292,147998,148000],{},[18,147999,72],{}," when the value appears once",[143,148002,148003],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[143,148005,148006,148007,148009],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148008,6867],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148011,235],{},[44,148013,148015],{"className":46,"code":148014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148016,148017,148058,148062,148089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148018,148019,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148020,148021],{"class":59},"answers ",[53,148023,64],{"class":63},[53,148025,9103],{"class":67},[53,148027,253],{"class":252},[53,148029,8525],{"class":256},[53,148031,253],{"class":252},[53,148033,75],{"class":67},[53,148035,264],{"class":252},[53,148037,8464],{"class":256},[53,148039,253],{"class":252},[53,148041,75],{"class":67},[53,148043,264],{"class":252},[53,148045,8525],{"class":256},[53,148047,253],{"class":252},[53,148049,75],{"class":67},[53,148051,264],{"class":252},[53,148053,8525],{"class":256},[53,148055,253],{"class":252},[53,148057,108],{"class":67},[53,148059,148060],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148061,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,148063,148064,148066,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148065,6867],{"class":1558},[53,148067,148068],{"class":59}," answers",[53,148070,95],{"class":67},[53,148072,41122],{"class":98},[53,148074,102],{"class":67},[53,148076,253],{"class":252},[53,148078,8525],{"class":256},[53,148080,253],{"class":252},[53,148082,3539],{"class":67},[53,148084,38259],{"class":63},[53,148086,5371],{"class":71},[53,148088,6265],{"class":67},[53,148090,148091,148093,148095,148097,148100,148102],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,148092,7936],{"class":114},[53,148094,102],{"class":67},[53,148096,253],{"class":252},[53,148098,148099],{"class":256},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[53,148101,253],{"class":252},[53,148103,108],{"class":67},[14,148105,328],{},[44,148107,148109],{"className":46,"code":148108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148110,148111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148112,148113,148116,148118,148120,148122,148125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148114,148115],{"class":59},"The answer ",[53,148117,341],{"class":252},[53,148119,8525],{"class":256},[53,148121,341],{"class":252},[53,148123,148124],{"class":59}," appears more than once",[53,148126,122114],{"class":67},[39,148128,40908],{"id":40907},[14,148130,35270,148131,104298],{},[18,148132,147607],{},[140,148134,148135,148138,148141,148144],{},[143,148136,148137],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[143,148139,148140],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[143,148142,148143],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[143,148145,148146],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148148,235],{},[44,148150,148152],{"className":46,"code":148151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148153,148154,148182,148186,148208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148155,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148157,4938],{"class":59},[53,148159,64],{"class":63},[53,148161,9103],{"class":67},[53,148163,539],{"class":71},[53,148165,75],{"class":67},[53,148167,7658],{"class":71},[53,148169,75],{"class":67},[53,148171,5876],{"class":71},[53,148173,75],{"class":67},[53,148175,7663],{"class":71},[53,148177,75],{"class":67},[53,148179,5876],{"class":71},[53,148181,108],{"class":67},[53,148183,148184],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148185,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,148187,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148189,6867],{"class":1558},[53,148191,4985],{"class":59},[53,148193,95],{"class":67},[53,148195,41122],{"class":98},[53,148197,102],{"class":67},[53,148199,539],{"class":71},[53,148201,3539],{"class":67},[53,148203,51151],{"class":63},[53,148205,78],{"class":71},[53,148207,6265],{"class":67},[53,148209,148210,148212,148214,148216,148219,148221],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,148211,7936],{"class":114},[53,148213,102],{"class":67},[53,148215,253],{"class":252},[53,148217,148218],{"class":256},"The score 10 is repeated.",[53,148220,253],{"class":252},[53,148222,108],{"class":67},[14,148224,328],{},[44,148226,148228],{"className":46,"code":148227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148229,148230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148231,148232,148235,148237,148239,148242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148233,148234],{"class":59},"The score ",[53,148236,539],{"class":71},[53,148238,7964],{"class":63},[53,148240,148241],{"class":59}," repeated",[53,148243,122114],{"class":67},[39,148245,148247],{"id":148246},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148249,148250],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[140,148252,148253,148259,148264,148267],{},[143,148254,148255,148256,148258],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148257,57015],{}," still works because it only reads data",[143,148260,148261,148263],{},[18,148262,57015],{}," counts exact matches",[143,148265,148266],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[143,148268,148269,4269,148271,148273],{},[18,148270,72],{},[18,148272,42020],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148275,235],{},[44,148277,148279],{"className":46,"code":148278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148280,148281,148315,148319,148339,148363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148282,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148296,148298,148300,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148284,3702],{"class":59},[53,148286,64],{"class":63},[53,148288,9103],{"class":67},[53,148290,72],{"class":71},[53,148292,75],{"class":67},[53,148294,148295],{"class":71}," 1.0",[53,148297,75],{"class":67},[53,148299,264],{"class":252},[53,148301,148302],{"class":256},"Cat",[53,148304,253],{"class":252},[53,148306,75],{"class":67},[53,148308,264],{"class":252},[53,148310,36909],{"class":256},[53,148312,253],{"class":252},[53,148314,108],{"class":67},[53,148316,148317],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148318,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148322,115],{"class":114},[53,148324,102],{"class":67},[53,148326,5233],{"class":98},[53,148328,95],{"class":67},[53,148330,41122],{"class":98},[53,148332,102],{"class":67},[53,148334,72],{"class":71},[53,148336,5236],{"class":67},[53,148338,50957],{"class":127},[53,148340,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,148342,115],{"class":114},[53,148344,102],{"class":67},[53,148346,5233],{"class":98},[53,148348,95],{"class":67},[53,148350,41122],{"class":98},[53,148352,102],{"class":67},[53,148354,253],{"class":252},[53,148356,148302],{"class":256},[53,148358,253],{"class":252},[53,148360,5236],{"class":67},[53,148362,27645],{"class":127},[53,148364,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,148366,115],{"class":114},[53,148368,102],{"class":67},[53,148370,5233],{"class":98},[53,148372,95],{"class":67},[53,148374,41122],{"class":98},[53,148376,102],{"class":67},[53,148378,253],{"class":252},[53,148380,36909],{"class":256},[53,148382,253],{"class":252},[53,148384,5236],{"class":67},[53,148386,27645],{"class":127},[14,148388,5033,148389,5036,148392,2370],{},[18,148390,148391],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148393,1937],{},[14,148395,8653,148396,4657,148399,148401],{},[18,148397,148398],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148400,573],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[39,148403,2709],{"id":2708},[830,148405,833,148407,148409],{"id":148406},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148408,41122],{}," without parentheses",[14,148411,148412],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[44,148414,148416],{"className":46,"code":148415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148417,148418,148442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148419,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148421,60],{"class":59},[53,148423,64],{"class":63},[53,148425,9103],{"class":67},[53,148427,72],{"class":71},[53,148429,75],{"class":67},[53,148431,78],{"class":71},[53,148433,75],{"class":67},[53,148435,78],{"class":71},[53,148437,75],{"class":67},[53,148439,83],{"class":71},[53,148441,108],{"class":67},[53,148443,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148445,115],{"class":114},[53,148447,102],{"class":67},[53,148449,92],{"class":98},[53,148451,95],{"class":67},[53,148453,41122],{"class":24615},[53,148455,108],{"class":67},[14,148457,148458],{},"To call the method correctly:",[44,148460,148462],{"className":46,"code":148461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148463,148464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148465,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148467,115],{"class":114},[53,148469,102],{"class":67},[53,148471,92],{"class":98},[53,148473,95],{"class":67},[53,148475,41122],{"class":98},[53,148477,102],{"class":67},[53,148479,1937],{"class":71},[53,148481,1907],{"class":67},[830,148483,8319,148484,8322,148486,2758,148488],{"id":58318},[18,148485,57015],{},[18,148487,573],{},[18,148489,3552],{},[14,148491,148492,58329],{},[18,148493,57015],{},[44,148495,148497],{"className":46,"code":148496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148498,148499,148531,148553,148557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148500,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148502,1411],{"class":59},[53,148504,64],{"class":63},[53,148506,9103],{"class":67},[53,148508,253],{"class":252},[53,148510,183],{"class":256},[53,148512,253],{"class":252},[53,148514,75],{"class":67},[53,148516,264],{"class":252},[53,148518,1453],{"class":256},[53,148520,253],{"class":252},[53,148522,75],{"class":67},[53,148524,264],{"class":252},[53,148526,183],{"class":256},[53,148528,253],{"class":252},[53,148530,108],{"class":67},[53,148532,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148534,276],{"class":59},[53,148536,64],{"class":63},[53,148538,69823],{"class":59},[53,148540,95],{"class":67},[53,148542,41122],{"class":98},[53,148544,102],{"class":67},[53,148546,253],{"class":252},[53,148548,183],{"class":256},[53,148550,253],{"class":252},[53,148552,108],{"class":67},[53,148554,148555],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148556,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,148558,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,148560,115],{"class":114},[53,148562,102],{"class":67},[53,148564,323],{"class":98},[53,148566,3539],{"class":67},[53,148568,51278],{"class":127},[14,148570,148571,148572,148574],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148573,1565],{}," is often simpler:",[44,148576,148578],{"className":46,"code":148577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148579,148580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148581,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148583,115],{"class":114},[53,148585,102],{"class":67},[53,148587,253],{"class":252},[53,148589,183],{"class":256},[53,148591,253],{"class":252},[53,148593,21038],{"class":1558},[53,148595,69823],{"class":98},[53,148597,3539],{"class":67},[53,148599,3542],{"class":127},[830,148601,37066,148603,8572,148605],{"id":148602},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148604,147607],{},[18,148606,57020],{},[14,148608,148609],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148611,148612],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[830,148614,148616],{"id":148615},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148618,148619,148621],{},[18,148620,57015],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[44,148623,148625],{"className":46,"code":148624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148626,148627,148660,148686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148628,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148630,3946],{"class":59},[53,148632,64],{"class":63},[53,148634,9103],{"class":67},[53,148636,253],{"class":252},[53,148638,257],{"class":256},[53,148640,253],{"class":252},[53,148642,75],{"class":67},[53,148644,264],{"class":252},[53,148646,148647],{"class":256},"pineapple",[53,148649,253],{"class":252},[53,148651,75],{"class":67},[53,148653,264],{"class":252},[53,148655,257],{"class":256},[53,148657,253],{"class":252},[53,148659,108],{"class":67},[53,148661,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148679,148681,148683],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148663,115],{"class":114},[53,148665,102],{"class":67},[53,148667,3988],{"class":98},[53,148669,95],{"class":67},[53,148671,41122],{"class":98},[53,148673,102],{"class":67},[53,148675,253],{"class":252},[53,148677,148678],{"class":256},"app",[53,148680,253],{"class":252},[53,148682,5236],{"class":67},[53,148684,148685],{"class":127},"    # 0\n",[53,148687,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148689,115],{"class":114},[53,148691,102],{"class":67},[53,148693,3988],{"class":98},[53,148695,95],{"class":67},[53,148697,41122],{"class":98},[53,148699,102],{"class":67},[53,148701,253],{"class":252},[53,148703,257],{"class":256},[53,148705,253],{"class":252},[53,148707,5236],{"class":67},[53,148709,51278],{"class":127},[14,148711,148712,148715,148716,95],{},[18,148713,148714],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148717,2000],{},[39,148719,148721],{"id":148720},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148723,148724],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[140,148726,148727,148732,148741,148747],{},[143,148728,131,148729,148731],{},[18,148730,1565],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[143,148733,131,148734,148740],{},[183,148735,148737,148738],{"href":148736},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148739,58693],{}," to find the position of a value",[143,148742,131,148743,148746],{},[18,148744,148745],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[143,148748,148749],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148751,45903,148752,597],{},[18,148753,1565],{},[44,148755,148757],{"className":46,"code":148756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148758,148759,148779,148783,148799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148760,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148762,60],{"class":59},[53,148764,64],{"class":63},[53,148766,9103],{"class":67},[53,148768,105],{"class":71},[53,148770,75],{"class":67},[53,148772,5865],{"class":71},[53,148774,75],{"class":67},[53,148776,1639],{"class":71},[53,148778,108],{"class":67},[53,148780,148781],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148782,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,148784,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,148786,115],{"class":114},[53,148788,102],{"class":67},[53,148790,1904],{"class":71},[53,148792,21038],{"class":1558},[53,148794,4138],{"class":98},[53,148796,3539],{"class":67},[53,148798,43717],{"class":127},[53,148800,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,148802,115],{"class":114},[53,148804,102],{"class":67},[53,148806,2017],{"class":71},[53,148808,21038],{"class":1558},[53,148810,4138],{"class":98},[53,148812,3539],{"class":67},[53,148814,43734],{"class":127},[14,148816,45903,148817,597],{},[18,148818,58693],{},[44,148820,148822],{"className":46,"code":148821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,148823,148824,148848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148825,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148827,60],{"class":59},[53,148829,64],{"class":63},[53,148831,9103],{"class":67},[53,148833,105],{"class":71},[53,148835,75],{"class":67},[53,148837,5865],{"class":71},[53,148839,75],{"class":67},[53,148841,1639],{"class":71},[53,148843,75],{"class":67},[53,148845,5865],{"class":71},[53,148847,108],{"class":67},[53,148849,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,148851,115],{"class":114},[53,148853,102],{"class":67},[53,148855,92],{"class":98},[53,148857,95],{"class":67},[53,148859,35711],{"class":98},[53,148861,102],{"class":67},[53,148863,1904],{"class":71},[53,148865,5236],{"class":67},[53,148867,27645],{"class":127},[14,148869,148870,148872,148873,148875,148877],{},[18,148871,57015],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9713,148874],{},[18,148876,58693],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[39,148879,1650],{"id":1649},[830,148881,5017,148883,5020],{"id":148882},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,148884,147607],{},[14,148886,148887],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[830,148889,12570,148891,148893],{"id":148890},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,148892,147607],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148895,148896],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[830,148898,148900],{"id":148899},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148902,229,148903,95],{},[18,148904,2000],{},[830,148906,5045,148908,148910],{"id":148907},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,148909,147607],{}," count strings?",[14,148912,148913],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[830,148915,5055,148917,4269,148919,2370],{"id":148916},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,148918,147607],{},[18,148920,148921],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148923,148924,148926,148927,148929],{},[18,148925,57015],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,148928,58693],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[39,148931,1782],{"id":1781},[140,148933,148934,148938,148943,148950,148958],{},[143,148935,148936],{},[183,148937,147716],{"href":147715},[143,148939,148940],{},[183,148941,148942],{"href":147719},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[143,148944,148945],{},[183,148946,148947,148948,10608],{"href":148736},"Python tuple ",[18,148949,58693],{},[143,148951,148952],{},[183,148953,148955,148956],{"href":148954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,148957,42223],{},[143,148959,148960],{},[183,148961,58681],{"href":58680},[1810,148963,148964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":148966},[148967,148969,148972,148973,148974,148975,148976,148984,148985,148996],{"id":147683,"depth":89,"text":148968},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147723,"depth":89,"text":147724,"children":148970},[148971],{"id":102834,"depth":111,"text":102835},{"id":384,"depth":89,"text":385},{"id":37882,"depth":89,"text":37883},{"id":40907,"depth":89,"text":40908},{"id":148246,"depth":89,"text":148247},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":148977},[148978,148980,148981,148983],{"id":148406,"depth":111,"text":148979},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58318,"depth":111,"text":58734},{"id":148602,"depth":111,"text":148982},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148615,"depth":111,"text":148616},{"id":148720,"depth":89,"text":148721},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":148986},[148987,148989,148991,148992,148994],{"id":148882,"depth":111,"text":148988},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148890,"depth":111,"text":148990},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148899,"depth":111,"text":148900},{"id":148907,"depth":111,"text":148993},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148916,"depth":111,"text":148995},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147594,"description":148997},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149004,"title":149005,"body":149006,"description":150693,"extension":1841,"meta":150694,"navigation":301,"path":150695,"seo":150696,"stem":150697,"__hash__":150698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149007,"toc":150656},[149008,149011,149014,149023,149025,149155,149157,149218,149224,149226,149246,149250,149253,149256,149291,149293,149314,149317,149356,149358,149383,149390,149394,149397,149434,149436,149459,149462,149465,149477,149483,149487,149490,149496,149537,149539,149562,149565,149606,149608,149635,149637,149654,149656,149673,149676,149680,149683,149685,149719,149721,149768,149772,149811,149815,149818,149875,149877,149918,149924,149930,149935,149937,149974,149976,149996,149998,150031,150033,150066,150069,150073,150106,150108,150133,150136,150138,150152,150159,150161,150164,150168,150171,150206,150209,150244,150248,150251,150290,150293,150332,150336,150338,150368,150371,150378,150380,150412,150415,150447,150450,150481,150483,150500,150504,150507,150571,150573,150577,150584,150588,150591,150595,150598,150602,150605,150610,150616,150618,150653],[10,149009,149005],{"id":149010},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149012,149013],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149015,149016,149017,2758,149021,95],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[183,149018,149020],{"href":149019},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[183,149022,147716],{"href":147715},[39,149024,1882],{"id":1881},[44,149026,149028],{"className":46,"code":149027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149029,149030,149050,149059,149073,149109,149113,149123,149133,149144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149033,60],{"class":59},[53,149035,64],{"class":63},[53,149037,9103],{"class":67},[53,149039,72],{"class":71},[53,149041,75],{"class":67},[53,149043,78],{"class":71},[53,149045,75],{"class":67},[53,149047,83],{"class":71},[53,149049,108],{"class":67},[53,149051,149052,149054,149056],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149053,124580],{"class":59},[53,149055,64],{"class":63},[53,149057,149058],{"class":67}," ()\n",[53,149060,149061,149064,149066,149068,149070],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,149062,149063],{"class":59},"one_item ",[53,149065,64],{"class":63},[53,149067,9103],{"class":67},[53,149069,2017],{"class":71},[53,149071,149072],{"class":67},",)\n",[53,149074,149075,149078,149080,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,149076,149077],{"class":59},"from_list ",[53,149079,64],{"class":63},[53,149081,149082],{"class":2782}," tuple",[53,149084,619],{"class":67},[53,149086,253],{"class":252},[53,149088,183],{"class":256},[53,149090,253],{"class":252},[53,149092,75],{"class":67},[53,149094,264],{"class":252},[53,149096,1453],{"class":256},[53,149098,253],{"class":252},[53,149100,75],{"class":67},[53,149102,264],{"class":252},[53,149104,1428],{"class":256},[53,149106,253],{"class":252},[53,149108,632],{"class":67},[53,149110,149111],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,149112,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,149114,149115,149117,149119,149121],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,149116,115],{"class":114},[53,149118,102],{"class":67},[53,149120,92],{"class":98},[53,149122,108],{"class":67},[53,149124,149125,149127,149129,149131],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,149126,115],{"class":114},[53,149128,102],{"class":67},[53,149130,124631],{"class":98},[53,149132,108],{"class":67},[53,149134,149135,149137,149139,149142],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,149136,115],{"class":114},[53,149138,102],{"class":67},[53,149140,149141],{"class":98},"one_item",[53,149143,108],{"class":67},[53,149145,149146,149148,149150,149153],{"class":55,"line":640},[53,149147,115],{"class":114},[53,149149,102],{"class":67},[53,149151,149152],{"class":98},"from_list",[53,149154,108],{"class":67},[14,149156,328],{},[44,149158,149160],{"className":46,"code":149159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149161,149162,149178,149182,149190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149163,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149165,102],{"class":67},[53,149167,72],{"class":71},[53,149169,75],{"class":67},[53,149171,78],{"class":71},[53,149173,75],{"class":67},[53,149175,83],{"class":71},[53,149177,108],{"class":67},[53,149179,149180],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149181,8510],{"class":67},[53,149183,149184,149186,149188],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,149185,102],{"class":67},[53,149187,2017],{"class":71},[53,149189,149072],{"class":67},[53,149191,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,149193,102],{"class":67},[53,149195,341],{"class":252},[53,149197,183],{"class":256},[53,149199,341],{"class":252},[53,149201,75],{"class":67},[53,149203,350],{"class":252},[53,149205,1453],{"class":256},[53,149207,341],{"class":252},[53,149209,75],{"class":67},[53,149211,350],{"class":252},[53,149213,1428],{"class":256},[53,149215,341],{"class":252},[53,149217,108],{"class":67},[14,149219,149220,149221,95],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149222,149223],{},"(5,)",[39,149225,15026],{"id":15025},[140,149227,149228,149231,149234,149237,149240,149243],{},[143,149229,149230],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[143,149232,149233],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[143,149235,149236],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[143,149238,149239],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[143,149241,149242],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[143,149244,149245],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[39,149247,149249],{"id":149248},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149251,149252],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149254,149255],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[44,149257,149259],{"className":46,"code":149258,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149260,149261,149281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149262,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271,149273,149275,149277,149279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149264,60],{"class":59},[53,149266,64],{"class":63},[53,149268,9103],{"class":67},[53,149270,72],{"class":71},[53,149272,75],{"class":67},[53,149274,78],{"class":71},[53,149276,75],{"class":67},[53,149278,83],{"class":71},[53,149280,108],{"class":67},[53,149282,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149284,115],{"class":114},[53,149286,102],{"class":67},[53,149288,92],{"class":98},[53,149290,108],{"class":67},[14,149292,328],{},[44,149294,149296],{"className":46,"code":149295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149297,149298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149301,102],{"class":67},[53,149303,72],{"class":71},[53,149305,75],{"class":67},[53,149307,78],{"class":71},[53,149309,75],{"class":67},[53,149311,83],{"class":71},[53,149313,108],{"class":67},[14,149315,149316],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[44,149318,149320],{"className":46,"code":149319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149321,149322,149346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149323,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332,149334,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149325,1692],{"class":59},[53,149327,64],{"class":63},[53,149329,9103],{"class":67},[53,149331,72],{"class":71},[53,149333,75],{"class":67},[53,149335,264],{"class":252},[53,149337,257],{"class":256},[53,149339,253],{"class":252},[53,149341,75],{"class":67},[53,149343,674],{"class":369},[53,149345,108],{"class":67},[53,149347,149348,149350,149352,149354],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149349,115],{"class":114},[53,149351,102],{"class":67},[53,149353,1709],{"class":98},[53,149355,108],{"class":67},[14,149357,328],{},[44,149359,149361],{"className":46,"code":149360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149362,149363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149364,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149366,102],{"class":67},[53,149368,72],{"class":71},[53,149370,75],{"class":67},[53,149372,350],{"class":252},[53,149374,257],{"class":256},[53,149376,341],{"class":252},[53,149378,75],{"class":67},[53,149380,674],{"class":369},[53,149382,108],{"class":67},[14,149384,149385,149386,95],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[183,149387,149389],{"href":149388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[39,149391,149393],{"id":149392},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149395,149396],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[44,149398,149400],{"className":46,"code":149399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149401,149402,149410,149420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149403,149404,149406,149408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149405,124580],{"class":59},[53,149407,64],{"class":63},[53,149409,149058],{"class":67},[53,149411,149412,149414,149416,149418],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149413,115],{"class":114},[53,149415,102],{"class":67},[53,149417,124631],{"class":98},[53,149419,108],{"class":67},[53,149421,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,149423,115],{"class":114},[53,149425,102],{"class":67},[53,149427,3102],{"class":2782},[53,149429,102],{"class":67},[53,149431,124631],{"class":98},[53,149433,1907],{"class":67},[14,149435,328],{},[44,149437,149439],{"className":46,"code":149438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149440,149441,149445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149442,149443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149444,8510],{"class":67},[53,149446,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149448,3171],{"class":63},[53,149450,3174],{"class":1945},[53,149452,350],{"class":252},[53,149454,48816],{"class":256},[53,149456,341],{"class":252},[53,149458,3183],{"class":63},[14,149460,149461],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149463,149464],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[140,149466,149467,149472],{},[143,149468,149469,149470],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149471,7235],{},[143,149473,149474,149475],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149476,3666],{},[14,149478,149479,149480,95],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[183,149481,149482],{"href":56878},"Python list: creating a list",[39,149484,149486],{"id":149485},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149488,149489],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149491,149492,149493,149495],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[23,149494,36],{}," automatically a tuple:",[44,149497,149499],{"className":46,"code":149498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149500,149501,149513,149523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149502,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149504,2325],{"class":59},[53,149506,64],{"class":63},[53,149508,9103],{"class":67},[53,149510,2017],{"class":71},[53,149512,108],{"class":67},[53,149514,149515,149517,149519,149521],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149516,115],{"class":114},[53,149518,102],{"class":67},[53,149520,2350],{"class":98},[53,149522,108],{"class":67},[53,149524,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,149526,115],{"class":114},[53,149528,102],{"class":67},[53,149530,3102],{"class":2782},[53,149532,102],{"class":67},[53,149534,2350],{"class":98},[53,149536,1907],{"class":67},[14,149538,328],{},[44,149540,149542],{"className":46,"code":149541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149543,149544,149548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149545,149546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149547,2828],{"class":71},[53,149549,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149551,3171],{"class":63},[53,149553,3174],{"class":1945},[53,149555,350],{"class":252},[53,149557,2071],{"class":256},[53,149559,341],{"class":252},[53,149561,3183],{"class":63},[14,149563,149564],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[44,149566,149568],{"className":46,"code":149567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149569,149570,149582,149592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149571,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149573,149063],{"class":59},[53,149575,64],{"class":63},[53,149577,9103],{"class":67},[53,149579,2017],{"class":71},[53,149581,149072],{"class":67},[53,149583,149584,149586,149588,149590],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149585,115],{"class":114},[53,149587,102],{"class":67},[53,149589,149141],{"class":98},[53,149591,108],{"class":67},[53,149593,149594,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,149595,115],{"class":114},[53,149597,102],{"class":67},[53,149599,3102],{"class":2782},[53,149601,102],{"class":67},[53,149603,149141],{"class":98},[53,149605,1907],{"class":67},[14,149607,328],{},[44,149609,149611],{"className":46,"code":149610,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149612,149613,149621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149614,149615,149617,149619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149616,102],{"class":67},[53,149618,2017],{"class":71},[53,149620,149072],{"class":67},[53,149622,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149624,3171],{"class":63},[53,149626,3174],{"class":1945},[53,149628,350],{"class":252},[53,149630,48816],{"class":256},[53,149632,341],{"class":252},[53,149634,3183],{"class":63},[14,149636,16520],{},[44,149638,149640],{"className":46,"code":149639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149641,149642],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149643,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149645,102],{"class":67},[53,149647,253],{"class":252},[53,149649,257],{"class":256},[53,149651,253],{"class":252},[53,149653,149072],{"class":67},[14,149655,16508],{},[44,149657,149659],{"className":46,"code":149658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149660,149661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149662,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149664,102],{"class":67},[53,149666,253],{"class":252},[53,149668,257],{"class":256},[53,149670,253],{"class":252},[53,149672,108],{"class":67},[14,149674,149675],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[39,149677,149679],{"id":149678},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149681,149682],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[830,149684,56186],{"id":92},[44,149686,149687],{"className":46,"code":149258,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,149688,149689,149709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149690,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149692,60],{"class":59},[53,149694,64],{"class":63},[53,149696,9103],{"class":67},[53,149698,72],{"class":71},[53,149700,75],{"class":67},[53,149702,78],{"class":71},[53,149704,75],{"class":67},[53,149706,83],{"class":71},[53,149708,108],{"class":67},[53,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149712,115],{"class":114},[53,149714,102],{"class":67},[53,149716,92],{"class":98},[53,149718,108],{"class":67},[830,149720,56189],{"id":166},[44,149722,149724],{"className":46,"code":149723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149725,149726,149758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149727,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149729,398],{"class":59},[53,149731,64],{"class":63},[53,149733,9103],{"class":67},[53,149735,253],{"class":252},[53,149737,407],{"class":256},[53,149739,253],{"class":252},[53,149741,75],{"class":67},[53,149743,264],{"class":252},[53,149745,436],{"class":256},[53,149747,253],{"class":252},[53,149749,75],{"class":67},[53,149751,264],{"class":252},[53,149753,416],{"class":256},[53,149755,253],{"class":252},[53,149757,108],{"class":67},[53,149759,149760,149762,149764,149766],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149761,115],{"class":114},[53,149763,102],{"class":67},[53,149765,425],{"class":98},[53,149767,108],{"class":67},[830,149769,149771],{"id":149770},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[44,149773,149775],{"className":46,"code":149774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149776,149777,149801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149780,59198],{"class":59},[53,149782,64],{"class":63},[53,149784,9103],{"class":67},[53,149786,72],{"class":71},[53,149788,75],{"class":67},[53,149790,264],{"class":252},[53,149792,257],{"class":256},[53,149794,253],{"class":252},[53,149796,75],{"class":67},[53,149798,674],{"class":369},[53,149800,108],{"class":67},[53,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149804,115],{"class":114},[53,149806,102],{"class":67},[53,149808,59251],{"class":98},[53,149810,108],{"class":67},[830,149812,149814],{"id":149813},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149816,149817],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[44,149819,149821],{"className":46,"code":149820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,149822,149823,149864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149824,149825,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149826,149827],{"class":59},"nested ",[53,149829,64],{"class":63},[53,149831,9103],{"class":67},[53,149833,72],{"class":71},[53,149835,75],{"class":67},[53,149837,9103],{"class":67},[53,149839,253],{"class":252},[53,149841,183],{"class":256},[53,149843,253],{"class":252},[53,149845,75],{"class":67},[53,149847,264],{"class":252},[53,149849,1453],{"class":256},[53,149851,253],{"class":252},[53,149853,9100],{"class":67},[53,149855,68],{"class":67},[53,149857,539],{"class":71},[53,149859,75],{"class":67},[53,149861,7658],{"class":71},[53,149863,632],{"class":67},[53,149865,149866,149868,149870,149873],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149867,115],{"class":114},[53,149869,102],{"class":67},[53,149871,149872],{"class":98},"nested",[53,149874,108],{"class":67},[14,149876,328],{},[44,149878,149880],{"className":46,"code":149879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,149881,149882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149883,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149885,102],{"class":67},[53,149887,72],{"class":71},[53,149889,75],{"class":67},[53,149891,9103],{"class":67},[53,149893,341],{"class":252},[53,149895,183],{"class":256},[53,149897,341],{"class":252},[53,149899,75],{"class":67},[53,149901,350],{"class":252},[53,149903,1453],{"class":256},[53,149905,341],{"class":252},[53,149907,9100],{"class":67},[53,149909,68],{"class":67},[53,149911,539],{"class":71},[53,149913,75],{"class":67},[53,149915,7658],{"class":71},[53,149917,632],{"class":67},[39,149919,149921,149922],{"id":149920},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,149923,37909],{},[14,149925,149926,149927,149929],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,149928,37909],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149931,149932,149933,95],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[183,149934,62944],{"href":62943},[830,149936,104975],{"id":104974},[44,149938,149940],{"className":46,"code":149939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149941,149942,149964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149943,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149945,60],{"class":59},[53,149947,64],{"class":63},[53,149949,149082],{"class":2782},[53,149951,619],{"class":67},[53,149953,72],{"class":71},[53,149955,75],{"class":67},[53,149957,78],{"class":71},[53,149959,75],{"class":67},[53,149961,83],{"class":71},[53,149963,632],{"class":67},[53,149965,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,149967,115],{"class":114},[53,149969,102],{"class":67},[53,149971,92],{"class":98},[53,149973,108],{"class":67},[14,149975,328],{},[44,149977,149978],{"className":46,"code":149295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,149979,149980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149981,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149983,102],{"class":67},[53,149985,72],{"class":71},[53,149987,75],{"class":67},[53,149989,78],{"class":71},[53,149991,75],{"class":67},[53,149993,83],{"class":71},[53,149995,108],{"class":67},[830,149997,105161],{"id":105160},[44,149999,150001],{"className":46,"code":150000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150002,150003,150021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017,150019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150006,1411],{"class":59},[53,150008,64],{"class":63},[53,150010,149082],{"class":2782},[53,150012,102],{"class":67},[53,150014,253],{"class":252},[53,150016,41423],{"class":256},[53,150018,253],{"class":252},[53,150020,108],{"class":67},[53,150022,150023,150025,150027,150029],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150024,115],{"class":114},[53,150026,102],{"class":67},[53,150028,1437],{"class":98},[53,150030,108],{"class":67},[14,150032,328],{},[44,150034,150036],{"className":46,"code":150035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150037,150038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150041,102],{"class":67},[53,150043,341],{"class":252},[53,150045,183],{"class":256},[53,150047,341],{"class":252},[53,150049,75],{"class":67},[53,150051,350],{"class":252},[53,150053,1453],{"class":256},[53,150055,341],{"class":252},[53,150057,75],{"class":67},[53,150059,350],{"class":252},[53,150061,1428],{"class":256},[53,150063,341],{"class":252},[53,150065,108],{"class":67},[14,150067,150068],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[830,150070,150072],{"id":150071},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[44,150074,150076],{"className":46,"code":150075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150077,150078,150096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150079,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150081,3702],{"class":59},[53,150083,64],{"class":63},[53,150085,149082],{"class":2782},[53,150087,102],{"class":67},[53,150089,59724],{"class":114},[53,150091,102],{"class":67},[53,150093,105],{"class":71},[53,150095,1907],{"class":67},[53,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150099,115],{"class":114},[53,150101,102],{"class":67},[53,150103,5233],{"class":98},[53,150105,108],{"class":67},[14,150107,328],{},[44,150109,150111],{"className":46,"code":150110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150112,150113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150114,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150116,102],{"class":67},[53,150118,2000],{"class":71},[53,150120,75],{"class":67},[53,150122,5371],{"class":71},[53,150124,75],{"class":67},[53,150126,78],{"class":71},[53,150128,75],{"class":67},[53,150130,83],{"class":71},[53,150132,108],{"class":67},[14,150134,150135],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[39,150137,20665],{"id":20664},[140,150139,150140,150143,150146,150149],{},[143,150141,150142],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[143,150144,150145],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[143,150147,150148],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[143,150150,150151],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150153,150154,150155,95],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[183,150156,150158],{"href":150157},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[39,150160,2709],{"id":2708},[14,150162,150163],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[830,150165,150167],{"id":150166},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150169,150170],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[44,150172,150174],{"className":46,"code":150173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150175,150176,150192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150177,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150179,28404],{"class":59},[53,150181,64],{"class":63},[53,150183,9103],{"class":67},[53,150185,253],{"class":252},[53,150187,257],{"class":256},[53,150189,253],{"class":252},[53,150191,108],{"class":67},[53,150193,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150195,115],{"class":114},[53,150197,102],{"class":67},[53,150199,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150201,102],{"class":67},[53,150203,212],{"class":98},[53,150205,1907],{"class":67},[14,150207,150208],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[44,150210,150212],{"className":46,"code":150211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150213,150214,150230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150215,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150217,28404],{"class":59},[53,150219,64],{"class":63},[53,150221,9103],{"class":67},[53,150223,253],{"class":252},[53,150225,257],{"class":256},[53,150227,253],{"class":252},[53,150229,149072],{"class":67},[53,150231,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150233,115],{"class":114},[53,150235,102],{"class":67},[53,150237,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150239,102],{"class":67},[53,150241,212],{"class":98},[53,150243,1907],{"class":67},[830,150245,150247],{"id":150246},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150249,150250],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[44,150252,150254],{"className":46,"code":150253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150255,150256,150276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150259,3702],{"class":59},[53,150261,64],{"class":63},[53,150263,68],{"class":67},[53,150265,72],{"class":71},[53,150267,75],{"class":67},[53,150269,78],{"class":71},[53,150271,75],{"class":67},[53,150273,83],{"class":71},[53,150275,86],{"class":67},[53,150277,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150279,115],{"class":114},[53,150281,102],{"class":67},[53,150283,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150285,102],{"class":67},[53,150287,5233],{"class":98},[53,150289,1907],{"class":67},[14,150291,150292],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[44,150294,150296],{"className":46,"code":150295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150297,150298,150318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150299,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150301,3702],{"class":59},[53,150303,64],{"class":63},[53,150305,9103],{"class":67},[53,150307,72],{"class":71},[53,150309,75],{"class":67},[53,150311,78],{"class":71},[53,150313,75],{"class":67},[53,150315,83],{"class":71},[53,150317,108],{"class":67},[53,150319,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150321,115],{"class":114},[53,150323,102],{"class":67},[53,150325,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150327,102],{"class":67},[53,150329,5233],{"class":98},[53,150331,1907],{"class":67},[830,150333,150335],{"id":150334},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150337,150148],{},[44,150339,150341],{"className":46,"code":150340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150342,150343,150363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150344,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150346,60],{"class":59},[53,150348,64],{"class":63},[53,150350,9103],{"class":67},[53,150352,72],{"class":71},[53,150354,75],{"class":67},[53,150356,78],{"class":71},[53,150358,75],{"class":67},[53,150360,83],{"class":71},[53,150362,108],{"class":67},[53,150364,150365],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150366,150367],{"class":127},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150369,150370],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[830,150372,37066,150374,150377],{"id":150373},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150375,150376],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150379,64370],{},[44,150381,150382],{"className":46,"code":150000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,150383,150384,150402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150387,1411],{"class":59},[53,150389,64],{"class":63},[53,150391,149082],{"class":2782},[53,150393,102],{"class":67},[53,150395,253],{"class":252},[53,150397,41423],{"class":256},[53,150399,253],{"class":252},[53,150401,108],{"class":67},[53,150403,150404,150406,150408,150410],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150405,115],{"class":114},[53,150407,102],{"class":67},[53,150409,1437],{"class":98},[53,150411,108],{"class":67},[14,150413,150414],{},"gives:",[44,150416,150417],{"className":46,"code":150035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,150418,150419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150420,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443,150445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150422,102],{"class":67},[53,150424,341],{"class":252},[53,150426,183],{"class":256},[53,150428,341],{"class":252},[53,150430,75],{"class":67},[53,150432,350],{"class":252},[53,150434,1453],{"class":256},[53,150436,341],{"class":252},[53,150438,75],{"class":67},[53,150440,350],{"class":252},[53,150442,1428],{"class":256},[53,150444,341],{"class":252},[53,150446,108],{"class":67},[14,150448,150449],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[44,150451,150453],{"className":46,"code":150452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150454,150455,150471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150456,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150458,6026],{"class":59},[53,150460,64],{"class":63},[53,150462,9103],{"class":67},[53,150464,253],{"class":252},[53,150466,41423],{"class":256},[53,150468,253],{"class":252},[53,150470,149072],{"class":67},[53,150472,150473,150475,150477,150479],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150474,115],{"class":114},[53,150476,102],{"class":67},[53,150478,38254],{"class":98},[53,150480,108],{"class":67},[14,150482,328],{},[44,150484,150486],{"className":46,"code":150485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('abc',)\n",[18,150487,150488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150489,150490,150492,150494,150496,150498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150491,102],{"class":67},[53,150493,341],{"class":252},[53,150495,41423],{"class":256},[53,150497,341],{"class":252},[53,150499,149072],{"class":67},[830,150501,150503],{"id":150502},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150505,150506],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[44,150508,150510],{"className":46,"code":150509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150511,150512,150529,150533,150543,150557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150513,150514,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525,150527],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150515,150516],{"class":59},"my_tuple ",[53,150518,64],{"class":63},[53,150520,9103],{"class":67},[53,150522,253],{"class":252},[53,150524,257],{"class":256},[53,150526,253],{"class":252},[53,150528,149072],{"class":67},[53,150530,150531],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150532,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,150534,150535,150537,150539,150541],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,150536,115],{"class":114},[53,150538,102],{"class":67},[53,150540,147734],{"class":98},[53,150542,108],{"class":67},[53,150544,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,150546,115],{"class":114},[53,150548,102],{"class":67},[53,150550,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150552,102],{"class":67},[53,150554,147734],{"class":98},[53,150556,1907],{"class":67},[53,150558,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,150560,115],{"class":114},[53,150562,102],{"class":67},[53,150564,11029],{"class":114},[53,150566,102],{"class":67},[53,150568,147734],{"class":98},[53,150570,1907],{"class":67},[39,150572,1650],{"id":1649},[830,150574,150576],{"id":150575},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150578,150579,150580,150583],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150581,150582],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[830,150585,150587],{"id":150586},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150589,150590],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[830,150592,150594],{"id":150593},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150596,150597],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[830,150599,150601],{"id":150600},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150603,150604],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[830,150606,5017,150608,12582],{"id":150607},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150609,150376],{},[14,150611,5023,150612,150615],{},[18,150613,150614],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[39,150617,1782],{"id":1781},[140,150619,150620,150624,150628,150634,150639,150644,150648],{},[143,150621,150622],{},[183,150623,147716],{"href":147715},[143,150625,150626],{},[183,150627,149389],{"href":149388},[143,150629,150630],{},[183,150631,150633],{"href":150632},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[143,150635,150636],{},[183,150637,150638],{"href":148954},"Python tuple length with len()",[143,150640,150641],{},[183,150642,150643],{"href":149019},"What is a tuple in Python?",[143,150645,150646],{},[183,150647,62944],{"href":62943},[143,150649,150650],{},[183,150651,150652],{"href":150157},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1810,150654,150655],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":150657},[150658,150659,150660,150661,150662,150663,150669,150675,150676,150684,150692],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":149248,"depth":89,"text":149249},{"id":149392,"depth":89,"text":149393},{"id":149485,"depth":89,"text":149486},{"id":149678,"depth":89,"text":149679,"children":150664},[150665,150666,150667,150668],{"id":92,"depth":111,"text":56186},{"id":166,"depth":111,"text":56189},{"id":149770,"depth":111,"text":149771},{"id":149813,"depth":111,"text":149814},{"id":149920,"depth":89,"text":150670,"children":150671},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150672,150673,150674],{"id":104974,"depth":111,"text":104975},{"id":105160,"depth":111,"text":105161},{"id":150071,"depth":111,"text":150072},{"id":20664,"depth":89,"text":20665},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":150677},[150678,150679,150680,150681,150683],{"id":150166,"depth":111,"text":150167},{"id":150246,"depth":111,"text":150247},{"id":150334,"depth":111,"text":150335},{"id":150373,"depth":111,"text":150682},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150502,"depth":111,"text":150503},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":150685},[150686,150687,150688,150689,150690],{"id":150575,"depth":111,"text":150576},{"id":150586,"depth":111,"text":150587},{"id":150593,"depth":111,"text":150594},{"id":150600,"depth":111,"text":150601},{"id":150607,"depth":111,"text":150691},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149005,"description":150693},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150700,"title":150701,"body":150702,"description":152247,"extension":1841,"meta":152248,"navigation":301,"path":152249,"seo":152250,"stem":152251,"__hash__":152252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150703,"toc":152217},[150704,150707,150712,150714,150727,150733,150735,150802,150804,150839,150844,150848,150852,150854,150865,150873,150875,150877,150898,150900,150920,150923,150925,150930,150973,150975,150997,151000,151013,151017,151021,151024,151077,151079,151100,151105,151109,151112,151157,151159,151192,151204,151208,151216,151253,151255,151284,151288,151291,151344,151346,151366,151373,151377,151382,151451,151453,151478,151482,151485,151491,151568,151570,151629,151631,151643,151648,151652,151656,151670,151672,151707,151709,151726,151729,151742,151746,151750,151761,151766,151781,151784,151787,151789,151792,151796,151798,151812,151814,151838,151843,151847,151850,151869,151872,151921,151926,151943,151946,151979,151983,151985,152036,152039,152064,152067,152090,152094,152100,152102,152137,152140,152145,152147,152151,152154,152158,152163,152167,152170,152174,152177,152181,152186,152188,152214],[10,150705,150701],{"id":150706},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150708,8991,150709,150711],{},[18,150710,37909],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150713,82316],{},[140,150715,150716,150721],{},[143,150717,150718,150720],{},[18,150719,37909],{}," creates an empty tuple",[143,150722,150723,150726],{},[18,150724,150725],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150728,150729,150730,150732],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,150731,37909],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[39,150734,1882],{"id":1881},[44,150736,150738],{"className":46,"code":150737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,150739,150740,150760,150774,150778,150788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150743,60],{"class":59},[53,150745,64],{"class":63},[53,150747,68],{"class":67},[53,150749,72],{"class":71},[53,150751,75],{"class":67},[53,150753,78],{"class":71},[53,150755,75],{"class":67},[53,150757,83],{"class":71},[53,150759,86],{"class":67},[53,150761,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150763,276],{"class":59},[53,150765,64],{"class":63},[53,150767,149082],{"class":2782},[53,150769,102],{"class":67},[53,150771,92],{"class":98},[53,150773,108],{"class":67},[53,150775,150776],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,150777,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,150779,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,150781,115],{"class":114},[53,150783,102],{"class":67},[53,150785,323],{"class":98},[53,150787,108],{"class":67},[53,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,150791,115],{"class":114},[53,150793,102],{"class":67},[53,150795,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150797,102],{"class":67},[53,150799,323],{"class":98},[53,150801,1907],{"class":67},[14,150803,328],{},[44,150805,150807],{"className":46,"code":150806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150808,150809,150825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150810,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150812,102],{"class":67},[53,150814,72],{"class":71},[53,150816,75],{"class":67},[53,150818,78],{"class":71},[53,150820,75],{"class":67},[53,150822,83],{"class":71},[53,150824,108],{"class":67},[53,150826,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150828,3171],{"class":63},[53,150830,3174],{"class":1945},[53,150832,350],{"class":252},[53,150834,48816],{"class":256},[53,150836,341],{"class":252},[53,150838,3183],{"class":63},[14,150840,131,150841,150843],{},[18,150842,150725],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[39,150845,150847],{"id":150846},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150849,150850,62652],{},[18,150851,37909],{},[14,150853,48790],{},[140,150855,150856,150859,150862],{},[143,150857,150858],{},"creates a tuple object",[143,150860,150861],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[143,150863,150864],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150866,150867,150868,150870,150871,95],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[183,150869,149020],{"href":149019}," or the full guide to ",[183,150872,147716],{"href":147715},[39,150874,2039],{"id":2038},[14,150876,26352],{},[44,150878,150880],{"className":46,"code":150879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,150881,150882,150888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150883,150884,150886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150885,48816],{"class":2782},[53,150887,8510],{"class":67},[53,150889,150890,150892,150894,150896],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150891,48816],{"class":2782},[53,150893,102],{"class":67},[53,150895,3600],{"class":98},[53,150897,108],{"class":67},[14,150899,11327],{},[140,150901,150902,150905],{},[143,150903,150904],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[143,150906,150907,150908],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[140,150909,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{},[143,150911,172],{},[143,150913,166],{},[143,150915,62723],{},[143,150917,5181],{},[143,150919,175],{},[14,150921,150922],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[39,150924,149393],{"id":149392},[14,150926,29516,150927,150929],{},[18,150928,37909],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[44,150931,150933],{"className":46,"code":150932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,150934,150935,150945,150949,150959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150936,150937,150939,150941,150943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150938,124580],{"class":59},[53,150940,64],{"class":63},[53,150942,149082],{"class":2782},[53,150944,8510],{"class":67},[53,150946,150947],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150948,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,150950,150951,150953,150955,150957],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,150952,115],{"class":114},[53,150954,102],{"class":67},[53,150956,124631],{"class":98},[53,150958,108],{"class":67},[53,150960,150961,150963,150965,150967,150969,150971],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,150962,115],{"class":114},[53,150964,102],{"class":67},[53,150966,3102],{"class":2782},[53,150968,102],{"class":67},[53,150970,124631],{"class":98},[53,150972,1907],{"class":67},[14,150974,328],{},[44,150976,150977],{"className":46,"code":149438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,150978,150979,150983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150980,150981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150982,8510],{"class":67},[53,150984,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993,150995],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,150986,3171],{"class":63},[53,150988,3174],{"class":1945},[53,150990,350],{"class":252},[53,150992,48816],{"class":256},[53,150994,341],{"class":252},[53,150996,3183],{"class":63},[14,150998,150999],{},"This is equivalent to:",[44,151001,151003],{"className":46,"code":151002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\n",[18,151004,151005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151006,151007,151009,151011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151008,124580],{"class":59},[53,151010,64],{"class":63},[53,151012,149058],{"class":67},[39,151014,151016],{"id":151015},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[830,151018,151020],{"id":151019},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151022,151023],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[44,151025,151027],{"className":46,"code":151026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151028,151029,151049,151063,151067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151030,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151032,60],{"class":59},[53,151034,64],{"class":63},[53,151036,68],{"class":67},[53,151038,539],{"class":71},[53,151040,75],{"class":67},[53,151042,7658],{"class":71},[53,151044,75],{"class":67},[53,151046,7663],{"class":71},[53,151048,86],{"class":67},[53,151050,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151052,276],{"class":59},[53,151054,64],{"class":63},[53,151056,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151058,102],{"class":67},[53,151060,92],{"class":98},[53,151062,108],{"class":67},[53,151064,151065],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151066,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151068,151069,151071,151073,151075],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,151070,115],{"class":114},[53,151072,102],{"class":67},[53,151074,323],{"class":98},[53,151076,108],{"class":67},[14,151078,328],{},[44,151080,151082],{"className":46,"code":151081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151083,151084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151085,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151087,102],{"class":67},[53,151089,539],{"class":71},[53,151091,75],{"class":67},[53,151093,7658],{"class":71},[53,151095,75],{"class":67},[53,151097,7663],{"class":71},[53,151099,108],{"class":67},[14,151101,151102,151103,95],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[183,151104,104780],{"href":59781},[830,151106,151108],{"id":151107},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151110,151111],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[44,151113,151115],{"className":46,"code":151114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151116,151117,151129,151143,151147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151120,34551],{"class":59},[53,151122,64],{"class":63},[53,151124,264],{"class":252},[53,151126,36909],{"class":256},[53,151128,3239],{"class":252},[53,151130,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151132,276],{"class":59},[53,151134,64],{"class":63},[53,151136,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151138,102],{"class":67},[53,151140,34572],{"class":98},[53,151142,108],{"class":67},[53,151144,151145],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151146,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151148,151149,151151,151153,151155],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,151150,115],{"class":114},[53,151152,102],{"class":67},[53,151154,323],{"class":98},[53,151156,108],{"class":67},[14,151158,328],{},[44,151160,151162],{"className":46,"code":151161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151163,151164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151165,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151167,102],{"class":67},[53,151169,341],{"class":252},[53,151171,1428],{"class":256},[53,151173,341],{"class":252},[53,151175,75],{"class":67},[53,151177,350],{"class":252},[53,151179,183],{"class":256},[53,151181,341],{"class":252},[53,151183,75],{"class":67},[53,151185,350],{"class":252},[53,151187,63013],{"class":256},[53,151189,341],{"class":252},[53,151191,108],{"class":67},[14,151193,151194,151195,13916,151198,151200,151201,95],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151196,151197],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[23,151199,36],{}," create ",[18,151202,151203],{},"('cat',)",[830,151205,151207],{"id":151206},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151209,151210,151212,151213,151215],{},[18,151211,36062],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151214,37909],{}," collects them all.",[44,151217,151219],{"className":46,"code":151218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151220,151221,151239,151243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151222,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151224,276],{"class":59},[53,151226,64],{"class":63},[53,151228,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151230,102],{"class":67},[53,151232,59724],{"class":114},[53,151234,102],{"class":67},[53,151236,2017],{"class":71},[53,151238,1907],{"class":67},[53,151240,151241],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151242,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151244,151245,151247,151249,151251],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151246,115],{"class":114},[53,151248,102],{"class":67},[53,151250,323],{"class":98},[53,151252,108],{"class":67},[14,151254,328],{},[44,151256,151258],{"className":46,"code":151257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151259,151260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151261,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151263,102],{"class":67},[53,151265,2000],{"class":71},[53,151267,75],{"class":67},[53,151269,5371],{"class":71},[53,151271,75],{"class":67},[53,151273,78],{"class":71},[53,151275,75],{"class":67},[53,151277,83],{"class":71},[53,151279,75],{"class":67},[53,151281,759],{"class":71},[53,151283,108],{"class":67},[830,151285,151287],{"id":151286},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151289,151290],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[44,151292,151294],{"className":46,"code":151293,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151295,151296,151316,151330,151334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151297,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151299,3702],{"class":59},[53,151301,64],{"class":63},[53,151303,679],{"class":67},[53,151305,72],{"class":71},[53,151307,75],{"class":67},[53,151309,78],{"class":71},[53,151311,75],{"class":67},[53,151313,83],{"class":71},[53,151315,9176],{"class":67},[53,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151319,276],{"class":59},[53,151321,64],{"class":63},[53,151323,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151325,102],{"class":67},[53,151327,5233],{"class":98},[53,151329,108],{"class":67},[53,151331,151332],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151333,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151335,151336,151338,151340,151342],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,151337,115],{"class":114},[53,151339,102],{"class":67},[53,151341,323],{"class":98},[53,151343,108],{"class":67},[14,151345,328],{},[44,151347,151348],{"className":46,"code":149295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,151349,151350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151351,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151353,102],{"class":67},[53,151355,72],{"class":71},[53,151357,75],{"class":67},[53,151359,78],{"class":71},[53,151361,75],{"class":67},[53,151363,83],{"class":71},[53,151365,108],{"class":67},[14,151367,151368,151369,95],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[183,151370,151372],{"href":151371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[830,151374,151376],{"id":151375},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151378,63266,151379,151381],{},[18,151380,37909],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[44,151383,151385],{"className":46,"code":151384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151386,151387,151423,151437,151441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151388,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151390,13069],{"class":59},[53,151392,64],{"class":63},[53,151394,679],{"class":67},[53,151396,253],{"class":252},[53,151398,592],{"class":256},[53,151400,253],{"class":252},[53,151402,597],{"class":67},[53,151404,264],{"class":252},[53,151406,12747],{"class":256},[53,151408,253],{"class":252},[53,151410,75],{"class":67},[53,151412,264],{"class":252},[53,151414,9166],{"class":256},[53,151416,253],{"class":252},[53,151418,597],{"class":67},[53,151420,9173],{"class":71},[53,151422,9176],{"class":67},[53,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151426,276],{"class":59},[53,151428,64],{"class":63},[53,151430,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151432,102],{"class":67},[53,151434,17172],{"class":98},[53,151436,108],{"class":67},[53,151438,151439],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151440,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,151444,115],{"class":114},[53,151446,102],{"class":67},[53,151448,323],{"class":98},[53,151450,108],{"class":67},[14,151452,29896],{},[44,151454,151456],{"className":46,"code":151455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151457,151458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151459,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151461,102],{"class":67},[53,151463,341],{"class":252},[53,151465,592],{"class":256},[53,151467,341],{"class":252},[53,151469,75],{"class":67},[53,151471,350],{"class":252},[53,151473,9166],{"class":256},[53,151475,341],{"class":252},[53,151477,108],{"class":67},[39,151479,151481],{"id":151480},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151483,151484],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151486,151487,151490],{},[18,151488,151489],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[44,151492,151494],{"className":46,"code":151493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151495,151496,151532,151536,151550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151497,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151499,13069],{"class":59},[53,151501,64],{"class":63},[53,151503,679],{"class":67},[53,151505,253],{"class":252},[53,151507,592],{"class":256},[53,151509,253],{"class":252},[53,151511,597],{"class":67},[53,151513,264],{"class":252},[53,151515,12747],{"class":256},[53,151517,253],{"class":252},[53,151519,75],{"class":67},[53,151521,264],{"class":252},[53,151523,9166],{"class":256},[53,151525,253],{"class":252},[53,151527,597],{"class":67},[53,151529,9173],{"class":71},[53,151531,9176],{"class":67},[53,151533,151534],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151535,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,151537,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,151539,115],{"class":114},[53,151541,102],{"class":67},[53,151543,48816],{"class":2782},[53,151545,102],{"class":67},[53,151547,17172],{"class":98},[53,151549,1907],{"class":67},[53,151551,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,151553,115],{"class":114},[53,151555,102],{"class":67},[53,151557,48816],{"class":2782},[53,151559,102],{"class":67},[53,151561,17172],{"class":98},[53,151563,95],{"class":67},[53,151565,530],{"class":98},[53,151567,6162],{"class":67},[14,151569,328],{},[44,151571,151573],{"className":46,"code":151572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151574,151575,151595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151576,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151578,102],{"class":67},[53,151580,341],{"class":252},[53,151582,592],{"class":256},[53,151584,341],{"class":252},[53,151586,75],{"class":67},[53,151588,350],{"class":252},[53,151590,9166],{"class":256},[53,151592,341],{"class":252},[53,151594,108],{"class":67},[53,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151598,5384],{"class":67},[53,151600,341],{"class":252},[53,151602,592],{"class":256},[53,151604,341],{"class":252},[53,151606,75],{"class":67},[53,151608,350],{"class":252},[53,151610,12747],{"class":256},[53,151612,341],{"class":252},[53,151614,9100],{"class":67},[53,151616,9103],{"class":67},[53,151618,341],{"class":252},[53,151620,9166],{"class":256},[53,151622,341],{"class":252},[53,151624,75],{"class":67},[53,151626,9173],{"class":71},[53,151628,1907],{"class":67},[14,151630,18559],{},[140,151632,151633,151638],{},[143,151634,151635,151637],{},[18,151636,151489],{}," for keys",[143,151639,151640,32421],{},[18,151641,151642],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151644,151645,151646,95],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[183,151647,63276],{"href":63275},[39,151649,151651],{"id":151650},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151653,151654,18183],{},[18,151655,37909],{},[140,151657,151658,151661,151664,151667],{},[143,151659,151660],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[143,151662,151663],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[143,151665,151666],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[143,151668,151669],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151671,235],{},[44,151673,151675],{"className":46,"code":151674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151676,151677,151696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151678,151679,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151680,151681],{"class":59},"coordinates ",[53,151683,64],{"class":63},[53,151685,149082],{"class":2782},[53,151687,619],{"class":67},[53,151689,105],{"class":71},[53,151691,75],{"class":67},[53,151693,5865],{"class":71},[53,151695,632],{"class":67},[53,151697,151698,151700,151702,151705],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151699,115],{"class":114},[53,151701,102],{"class":67},[53,151703,151704],{"class":98},"coordinates",[53,151706,108],{"class":67},[14,151708,328],{},[44,151710,151712],{"className":46,"code":151711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151713,151714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151715,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151717,102],{"class":67},[53,151719,105],{"class":71},[53,151721,75],{"class":67},[53,151723,5865],{"class":71},[53,151725,108],{"class":67},[14,151727,151728],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[140,151730,151731,151733,151736,151739],{},[143,151732,151704],{},[143,151734,151735],{},"RGB colors",[143,151737,151738],{},"dates",[143,151740,151741],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[39,151743,151745],{"id":151744},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151747,44291,151748,10468],{},[18,151749,37909],{},[140,151751,151752,151755,151758],{},[143,151753,151754],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[143,151756,151757],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[143,151759,151760],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151762,116207,151763,151765],{},[23,151764,36],{}," work:",[44,151767,151769],{"className":46,"code":151768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(5)\n",[18,151770,151771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151772,151773,151775,151777,151779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151774,48816],{"class":2782},[53,151776,102],{"class":67},[53,151778,2017],{"class":71},[53,151780,108],{"class":67},[14,151782,151783],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151785,151786],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[39,151788,115045],{"id":115044},[14,151790,151791],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[830,151793,151795],{"id":151794},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151797,2716],{},[44,151799,151800],{"className":46,"code":151768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,151801,151802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151803,151804,151806,151808,151810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151805,48816],{"class":2782},[53,151807,102],{"class":67},[53,151809,2017],{"class":71},[53,151811,108],{"class":67},[14,151813,29547],{},[44,151815,151816],{"className":46,"code":63380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,151817,151818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151819,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151821,2885],{"class":2782},[53,151823,597],{"class":67},[53,151825,350],{"class":252},[53,151827,2071],{"class":256},[53,151829,341],{"class":252},[53,151831,24482],{"class":2782},[53,151833,7964],{"class":63},[53,151835,7967],{"class":63},[53,151837,63403],{"class":59},[14,151839,151840,151841,95],{},"If you see this, read ",[183,151842,62017],{"href":52463},[830,151844,151846],{"id":151845},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151848,151849],{},"This code:",[44,151851,151853],{"className":46,"code":151852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,151854,151855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151856,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151858,48816],{"class":2782},[53,151860,102],{"class":67},[53,151862,253],{"class":252},[53,151864,556],{"class":256},[53,151866,253],{"class":252},[53,151868,108],{"class":67},[14,151870,151871],{},"returns:",[44,151873,151875],{"className":46,"code":151874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,151876,151877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151878,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151880,102],{"class":67},[53,151882,341],{"class":252},[53,151884,60164],{"class":256},[53,151886,341],{"class":252},[53,151888,75],{"class":67},[53,151890,350],{"class":252},[53,151892,60173],{"class":256},[53,151894,341],{"class":252},[53,151896,75],{"class":67},[53,151898,350],{"class":252},[53,151900,60182],{"class":256},[53,151902,341],{"class":252},[53,151904,75],{"class":67},[53,151906,350],{"class":252},[53,151908,60182],{"class":256},[53,151910,341],{"class":252},[53,151912,75],{"class":67},[53,151914,350],{"class":252},[53,151916,60199],{"class":256},[53,151918,341],{"class":252},[53,151920,108],{"class":67},[14,151922,40768,151923,151925],{},[23,151924,36],{}," return:",[44,151927,151929],{"className":46,"code":151928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('hello',)\n",[18,151930,151931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151932,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151934,102],{"class":67},[53,151936,341],{"class":252},[53,151938,556],{"class":256},[53,151940,341],{"class":252},[53,151942,149072],{"class":67},[14,151944,151945],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[44,151947,151949],{"className":46,"code":151948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,151950,151951,151968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151952,151953,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151954,151955],{"class":59},"single ",[53,151957,64],{"class":63},[53,151959,9103],{"class":67},[53,151961,253],{"class":252},[53,151963,556],{"class":256},[53,151965,253],{"class":252},[53,151967,149072],{"class":67},[53,151969,151970,151972,151974,151977],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,151971,115],{"class":114},[53,151973,102],{"class":67},[53,151975,151976],{"class":98},"single",[53,151978,108],{"class":67},[830,151980,151982],{"id":151981},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151984,151849],{},[44,151986,151988],{"className":46,"code":151987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,151989,151990,152022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151991,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151993,1692],{"class":59},[53,151995,64],{"class":63},[53,151997,679],{"class":67},[53,151999,253],{"class":252},[53,152001,183],{"class":256},[53,152003,253],{"class":252},[53,152005,597],{"class":67},[53,152007,5371],{"class":71},[53,152009,75],{"class":67},[53,152011,264],{"class":252},[53,152013,1453],{"class":256},[53,152015,253],{"class":252},[53,152017,597],{"class":67},[53,152019,78],{"class":71},[53,152021,9176],{"class":67},[53,152023,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152025,115],{"class":114},[53,152027,102],{"class":67},[53,152029,48816],{"class":2782},[53,152031,102],{"class":67},[53,152033,1709],{"class":98},[53,152035,1907],{"class":67},[14,152037,152038],{},"returns only the keys:",[44,152040,152042],{"className":46,"code":152041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152043,152044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152045,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152047,102],{"class":67},[53,152049,341],{"class":252},[53,152051,183],{"class":256},[53,152053,341],{"class":252},[53,152055,75],{"class":67},[53,152057,350],{"class":252},[53,152059,1453],{"class":256},[53,152061,341],{"class":252},[53,152063,108],{"class":67},[14,152065,152066],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[44,152068,152070],{"className":46,"code":152069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152071,152072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152073,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152075,115],{"class":114},[53,152077,102],{"class":67},[53,152079,48816],{"class":2782},[53,152081,102],{"class":67},[53,152083,1709],{"class":98},[53,152085,95],{"class":67},[53,152087,530],{"class":98},[53,152089,6162],{"class":67},[830,152091,152093],{"id":152092},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152095,152096,152097,152099],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152098,37909],{}," conversion.",[14,152101,5345],{},[44,152103,152105],{"className":46,"code":152104,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152106,152107,152127],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152108,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152110,2325],{"class":59},[53,152112,64],{"class":63},[53,152114,9103],{"class":67},[53,152116,72],{"class":71},[53,152118,75],{"class":67},[53,152120,78],{"class":71},[53,152122,75],{"class":67},[53,152124,83],{"class":71},[53,152126,108],{"class":67},[53,152128,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152130,115],{"class":114},[53,152132,102],{"class":67},[53,152134,2350],{"class":98},[53,152136,108],{"class":67},[14,152138,152139],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152141,25371,152142,152144],{},[18,152143,37909],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[39,152146,1650],{"id":1649},[830,152148,152150],{"id":152149},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152152,152153],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[830,152155,152157],{"id":152156},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152159,152160,152161,95],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152162,7235],{},[830,152164,152166],{"id":152165},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152168,152169],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[830,152171,152173],{"id":152172},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152175,152176],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[830,152178,152180],{"id":152179},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152182,152183,152184,95],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152185,2885],{},[39,152187,1782],{"id":1781},[140,152189,152190,152194,152198,152202,152206,152210],{},[143,152191,152192],{},[183,152193,147716],{"href":147715},[143,152195,152196],{},[183,152197,150643],{"href":149019},[143,152199,152200],{},[183,152201,104780],{"href":59781},[143,152203,152204],{},[183,152205,151372],{"href":151371},[143,152207,152208],{},[183,152209,63276],{"href":63275},[143,152211,152212],{},[183,152213,62017],{"href":52463},[1810,152215,152216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":152218},[152219,152220,152221,152222,152223,152230,152231,152232,152233,152239,152246],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":150846,"depth":89,"text":150847},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":149392,"depth":89,"text":149393},{"id":151015,"depth":89,"text":151016,"children":152224},[152225,152226,152227,152228,152229],{"id":151019,"depth":111,"text":151020},{"id":151107,"depth":111,"text":151108},{"id":151206,"depth":111,"text":151207},{"id":151286,"depth":111,"text":151287},{"id":151375,"depth":111,"text":151376},{"id":151480,"depth":89,"text":151481},{"id":151650,"depth":89,"text":151651},{"id":151744,"depth":89,"text":151745},{"id":115044,"depth":89,"text":115045,"children":152234},[152235,152236,152237,152238],{"id":151794,"depth":111,"text":151795},{"id":151845,"depth":111,"text":151846},{"id":151981,"depth":111,"text":151982},{"id":152092,"depth":111,"text":152093},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":152240},[152241,152242,152243,152244,152245],{"id":152149,"depth":111,"text":152150},{"id":152156,"depth":111,"text":152157},{"id":152165,"depth":111,"text":152166},{"id":152172,"depth":111,"text":152173},{"id":152179,"depth":111,"text":152180},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150701,"description":152247},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152254,"title":152255,"body":152256,"description":153669,"extension":1841,"meta":153670,"navigation":301,"path":153671,"seo":153672,"stem":153673,"__hash__":153674},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152257,"toc":153641},[152258,152263,152268,152271,152273,152352,152358,152363,152367,152382,152384,152431,152433,152441,152449,152455,152457,152462,152482,152485,152512,152514,152538,152540,152682,152684,152688,152696,152699,152701,152778,152780,152788,152792,152796,152806,152816,152818,152823,152825,152884,152889,152891,152991,152993,153007,153012,153018,153025,153028,153030,153140,153144,153161,153163,153226,153228,153236,153248,153252,153257,153285,153288,153370,153372,153383,153385,153389,153416,153418,153420,153500,153508,153510,153565,153567,153572,153575,153579,153583,153585,153589,153593,153601,153608,153611,153613,153638],[10,152259,147600,152261,11190],{"id":152260},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152262,58693],{},[14,152264,152265,152267],{},[18,152266,148921],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152269,152270],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[39,152272,1882],{"id":1881},[44,152274,152276],{"className":46,"code":152275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152277,152278,152318,152340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152279,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152281,398],{"class":59},[53,152283,64],{"class":63},[53,152285,9103],{"class":67},[53,152287,253],{"class":252},[53,152289,407],{"class":256},[53,152291,253],{"class":252},[53,152293,75],{"class":67},[53,152295,264],{"class":252},[53,152297,416],{"class":256},[53,152299,253],{"class":252},[53,152301,75],{"class":67},[53,152303,264],{"class":252},[53,152305,436],{"class":256},[53,152307,253],{"class":252},[53,152309,75],{"class":67},[53,152311,264],{"class":252},[53,152313,416],{"class":256},[53,152315,253],{"class":252},[53,152317,108],{"class":67},[53,152319,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152321,64646],{"class":59},[53,152323,64],{"class":63},[53,152325,12988],{"class":59},[53,152327,95],{"class":67},[53,152329,35711],{"class":98},[53,152331,102],{"class":67},[53,152333,253],{"class":252},[53,152335,416],{"class":256},[53,152337,253],{"class":252},[53,152339,108],{"class":67},[53,152341,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,152343,115],{"class":114},[53,152345,102],{"class":67},[53,152347,64673],{"class":98},[53,152349,3539],{"class":67},[53,152351,27645],{"class":127},[14,152353,152354,152357],{},[18,152355,152356],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[39,152359,3556,152361,3559],{"id":152360},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152362,148921],{},[14,152364,16,152365,11281],{},[18,152366,58693],{},[140,152368,152369,152372,152374,152377],{},[143,152370,152371],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[143,152373,128198],{},[143,152375,152376],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[143,152378,152379,152380],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152381,2000],{},[14,152383,235],{},[44,152385,152387],{"className":46,"code":152386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152388,152389,152413],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152390,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152392,60],{"class":59},[53,152394,64],{"class":63},[53,152396,9103],{"class":67},[53,152398,539],{"class":71},[53,152400,75],{"class":67},[53,152402,7658],{"class":71},[53,152404,75],{"class":67},[53,152406,7663],{"class":71},[53,152408,75],{"class":67},[53,152410,7658],{"class":71},[53,152412,108],{"class":67},[53,152414,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152416,115],{"class":114},[53,152418,102],{"class":67},[53,152420,92],{"class":98},[53,152422,95],{"class":67},[53,152424,35711],{"class":98},[53,152426,102],{"class":67},[53,152428,15618],{"class":71},[53,152430,1907],{"class":67},[14,152432,328],{},[44,152434,152435],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,152436,152437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152438,152439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152440,46779],{"class":71},[14,152442,20842,152443,152445,152446,152448],{},[18,152444,15618],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152447,58693],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152450,150867,152451,95],{},[183,152452,152454],{"href":152453},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[39,152456,2039],{"id":2038},[14,152458,7631,152459,152461],{},[18,152460,58693],{}," in two ways:",[44,152463,152465],{"className":46,"code":152464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152466,152467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152468,152469,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152470,152471],{"class":59},"tuple_name",[53,152473,95],{"class":67},[53,152475,35711],{"class":98},[53,152477,102],{"class":67},[53,152479,2350],{"class":98},[53,152481,108],{"class":67},[14,152483,152484],{},"or:",[44,152486,152488],{"className":46,"code":152487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152489,152490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152491,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152493,152471],{"class":59},[53,152495,95],{"class":67},[53,152497,35711],{"class":98},[53,152499,102],{"class":67},[53,152501,2350],{"class":98},[53,152503,75],{"class":67},[53,152505,35917],{"class":98},[53,152507,75],{"class":67},[53,152509,64767],{"class":98},[53,152511,108],{"class":67},[830,152513,17260],{"id":17259},[140,152515,152516,152521,152526,152531],{},[143,152517,152518,152520],{},[18,152519,2350],{}," — the item to search for",[143,152522,152523,152525],{},[18,152524,35938],{}," — optional starting position",[143,152527,152528,152530],{},[18,152529,29],{}," — optional ending position",[143,152532,152533,4657,152535,152537],{},[18,152534,29],{},[23,152536,64796],{}," in the search",[14,152539,235],{},[44,152541,152543],{"className":46,"code":152542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152544,152545,152593,152597,152622,152650],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152546,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152548,1411],{"class":59},[53,152550,64],{"class":63},[53,152552,9103],{"class":67},[53,152554,253],{"class":252},[53,152556,183],{"class":256},[53,152558,253],{"class":252},[53,152560,75],{"class":67},[53,152562,264],{"class":252},[53,152564,1453],{"class":256},[53,152566,253],{"class":252},[53,152568,75],{"class":67},[53,152570,264],{"class":252},[53,152572,1428],{"class":256},[53,152574,253],{"class":252},[53,152576,75],{"class":67},[53,152578,264],{"class":252},[53,152580,1453],{"class":256},[53,152582,253],{"class":252},[53,152584,75],{"class":67},[53,152586,264],{"class":252},[53,152588,18632],{"class":256},[53,152590,253],{"class":252},[53,152592,108],{"class":67},[53,152594,152595],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152596,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,152598,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,152600,115],{"class":114},[53,152602,102],{"class":67},[53,152604,1437],{"class":98},[53,152606,95],{"class":67},[53,152608,35711],{"class":98},[53,152610,102],{"class":67},[53,152612,253],{"class":252},[53,152614,1453],{"class":256},[53,152616,253],{"class":252},[53,152618,5236],{"class":67},[53,152620,152621],{"class":127},"        # 1\n",[53,152623,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,152625,115],{"class":114},[53,152627,102],{"class":67},[53,152629,1437],{"class":98},[53,152631,95],{"class":67},[53,152633,35711],{"class":98},[53,152635,102],{"class":67},[53,152637,253],{"class":252},[53,152639,1453],{"class":256},[53,152641,253],{"class":252},[53,152643,75],{"class":67},[53,152645,78],{"class":71},[53,152647,5236],{"class":67},[53,152649,50782],{"class":127},[53,152651,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,152653,115],{"class":114},[53,152655,102],{"class":67},[53,152657,1437],{"class":98},[53,152659,95],{"class":67},[53,152661,35711],{"class":98},[53,152663,102],{"class":67},[53,152665,253],{"class":252},[53,152667,1453],{"class":256},[53,152669,253],{"class":252},[53,152671,75],{"class":67},[53,152673,5371],{"class":71},[53,152675,75],{"class":67},[53,152677,83],{"class":71},[53,152679,5236],{"class":67},[53,152681,27645],{"class":127},[39,152683,103107],{"id":103106},[14,152685,152686,25374],{},[18,152687,148921],{},[140,152689,152690,152693],{},[143,152691,152692],{},"An integer",[143,152694,152695],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152697,152698],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152700,235],{},[44,152702,152704],{"className":46,"code":152703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152705,152706,152746,152768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152707,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152709,108206],{"class":59},[53,152711,64],{"class":63},[53,152713,9103],{"class":67},[53,152715,253],{"class":252},[53,152717,36909],{"class":256},[53,152719,253],{"class":252},[53,152721,75],{"class":67},[53,152723,264],{"class":252},[53,152725,57852],{"class":256},[53,152727,253],{"class":252},[53,152729,75],{"class":67},[53,152731,264],{"class":252},[53,152733,57869],{"class":256},[53,152735,253],{"class":252},[53,152737,75],{"class":67},[53,152739,264],{"class":252},[53,152741,57852],{"class":256},[53,152743,253],{"class":252},[53,152745,108],{"class":67},[53,152747,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152749,276],{"class":59},[53,152751,64],{"class":63},[53,152753,108249],{"class":59},[53,152755,95],{"class":67},[53,152757,35711],{"class":98},[53,152759,102],{"class":67},[53,152761,253],{"class":252},[53,152763,57852],{"class":256},[53,152765,253],{"class":252},[53,152767,108],{"class":67},[53,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,152771,115],{"class":114},[53,152773,102],{"class":67},[53,152775,323],{"class":98},[53,152777,108],{"class":67},[14,152779,328],{},[44,152781,152782],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,152783,152784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152785,152786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152787,46779],{"class":71},[39,152789,152791],{"id":152790},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152793,131,152794,10468],{},[18,152795,148921],{},[140,152797,152798,152800,152803],{},[143,152799,65825],{},[143,152801,152802],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[143,152804,152805],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152807,152808,152809,152812,152813,95],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,152810,152811],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[183,152814,149389],{"href":152815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[39,152817,65357],{"id":65356},[14,152819,152820,152821,95],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,152822,40566],{},[14,152824,235],{},[44,152826,152828],{"className":46,"code":152827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,152829,152830,152862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152831,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152833,398],{"class":59},[53,152835,64],{"class":63},[53,152837,9103],{"class":67},[53,152839,253],{"class":252},[53,152841,407],{"class":256},[53,152843,253],{"class":252},[53,152845,75],{"class":67},[53,152847,264],{"class":252},[53,152849,416],{"class":256},[53,152851,253],{"class":252},[53,152853,75],{"class":67},[53,152855,264],{"class":252},[53,152857,436],{"class":256},[53,152859,253],{"class":252},[53,152861,108],{"class":67},[53,152863,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152865,115],{"class":114},[53,152867,102],{"class":67},[53,152869,425],{"class":98},[53,152871,95],{"class":67},[53,152873,35711],{"class":98},[53,152875,102],{"class":67},[53,152877,253],{"class":252},[53,152879,22389],{"class":256},[53,152881,253],{"class":252},[53,152883,1907],{"class":67},[14,152885,39517,152886,152888],{},[18,152887,109531],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152890,65432],{},[44,152892,152894],{"className":46,"code":152893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,152895,152896,152928,152932,152948,152970,152976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152897,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152899,398],{"class":59},[53,152901,64],{"class":63},[53,152903,9103],{"class":67},[53,152905,253],{"class":252},[53,152907,407],{"class":256},[53,152909,253],{"class":252},[53,152911,75],{"class":67},[53,152913,264],{"class":252},[53,152915,416],{"class":256},[53,152917,253],{"class":252},[53,152919,75],{"class":67},[53,152921,264],{"class":252},[53,152923,436],{"class":256},[53,152925,253],{"class":252},[53,152927,108],{"class":67},[53,152929,152930],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,152931,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,152933,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,152935,6867],{"class":1558},[53,152937,264],{"class":252},[53,152939,22389],{"class":256},[53,152941,253],{"class":252},[53,152943,21038],{"class":63},[53,152945,12988],{"class":59},[53,152947,6265],{"class":67},[53,152949,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,152951,7936],{"class":114},[53,152953,102],{"class":67},[53,152955,425],{"class":98},[53,152957,95],{"class":67},[53,152959,35711],{"class":98},[53,152961,102],{"class":67},[53,152963,253],{"class":252},[53,152965,22389],{"class":256},[53,152967,253],{"class":252},[53,152969,1907],{"class":67},[53,152971,152972,152974],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,152973,27299],{"class":1558},[53,152975,6265],{"class":67},[53,152977,152978,152980,152982,152984,152987,152989],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,152979,7936],{"class":114},[53,152981,102],{"class":67},[53,152983,253],{"class":252},[53,152985,152986],{"class":256},"Value not found",[53,152988,253],{"class":252},[53,152990,108],{"class":67},[14,152992,328],{},[44,152994,152996],{"className":46,"code":152995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Value not found\n",[18,152997,152998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152999,153000,153003,153005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153001,153002],{"class":59},"Value ",[53,153004,36],{"class":63},[53,153006,65556],{"class":59},[14,153008,153009,153010,95],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[183,153011,65566],{"href":65565},[39,153013,833,153014,4269,153016],{"id":65133},[18,153015,35938],{},[18,153017,29],{},[14,153019,16,153020,4269,153022,153024],{},[18,153021,35938],{},[18,153023,29],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153026,153027],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153029,235],{},[44,153031,153033],{"className":46,"code":153032,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153034,153035,153063,153067,153088,153112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153036,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153038,3702],{"class":59},[53,153040,64],{"class":63},[53,153042,9103],{"class":67},[53,153044,2017],{"class":71},[53,153046,75],{"class":67},[53,153048,5876],{"class":71},[53,153050,75],{"class":67},[53,153052,1577],{"class":71},[53,153054,75],{"class":67},[53,153056,7658],{"class":71},[53,153058,75],{"class":67},[53,153060,1577],{"class":71},[53,153062,108],{"class":67},[53,153064,153065],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153066,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,153068,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153070,115],{"class":114},[53,153072,102],{"class":67},[53,153074,5233],{"class":98},[53,153076,95],{"class":67},[53,153078,35711],{"class":98},[53,153080,102],{"class":67},[53,153082,2017],{"class":71},[53,153084,5236],{"class":67},[53,153086,153087],{"class":127},"        # 0\n",[53,153089,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153091,115],{"class":114},[53,153093,102],{"class":67},[53,153095,5233],{"class":98},[53,153097,95],{"class":67},[53,153099,35711],{"class":98},[53,153101,102],{"class":67},[53,153103,2017],{"class":71},[53,153105,75],{"class":67},[53,153107,5371],{"class":71},[53,153109,5236],{"class":67},[53,153111,50816],{"class":127},[53,153113,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,153115,115],{"class":114},[53,153117,102],{"class":67},[53,153119,5233],{"class":98},[53,153121,95],{"class":67},[53,153123,35711],{"class":98},[53,153125,102],{"class":67},[53,153127,2017],{"class":71},[53,153129,75],{"class":67},[53,153131,83],{"class":71},[53,153133,75],{"class":67},[53,153135,1577],{"class":71},[53,153137,5236],{"class":67},[53,153139,50799],{"class":127},[830,153141,153143],{"id":153142},"how-it-works","How it works",[140,153145,153146,153151,153156],{},[143,153147,153148,153150],{},[18,153149,35938],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[143,153152,153153,153155],{},[18,153154,29],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[143,153157,16,153158,153160],{},[18,153159,29],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153162,235],{},[44,153164,153166],{"className":46,"code":153165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153167,153168,153196,153200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153169,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153171,3702],{"class":59},[53,153173,64],{"class":63},[53,153175,9103],{"class":67},[53,153177,2017],{"class":71},[53,153179,75],{"class":67},[53,153181,5876],{"class":71},[53,153183,75],{"class":67},[53,153185,1577],{"class":71},[53,153187,75],{"class":67},[53,153189,7658],{"class":71},[53,153191,75],{"class":67},[53,153193,1577],{"class":71},[53,153195,108],{"class":67},[53,153197,153198],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153199,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,153201,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153203,115],{"class":114},[53,153205,102],{"class":67},[53,153207,5233],{"class":98},[53,153209,95],{"class":67},[53,153211,35711],{"class":98},[53,153213,102],{"class":67},[53,153215,2017],{"class":71},[53,153217,75],{"class":67},[53,153219,5371],{"class":71},[53,153221,75],{"class":67},[53,153223,759],{"class":71},[53,153225,1907],{"class":67},[14,153227,328],{},[44,153229,153230],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,153231,153232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153233,153234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153235,16921],{"class":71},[14,153237,153238,153239,2072,153241,16937,153243,153245,153246,95],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153240,72],{},[18,153242,1937],{},[18,153244,754],{},", but not ",[18,153247,105],{},[39,153249,153251],{"id":153250},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153253,153254,153255,597],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153256,148921],{},[140,153258,153259,153267,153272,153279],{},[143,153260,153261,153262,153264,153265],{},"Do not confuse the ",[23,153263,2350],{}," with the ",[23,153266,35711],{},[143,153268,153269,153270],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153271,2000],{},[143,153273,131,153274,153278],{},[183,153275,148947,153276,10608],{"href":148999},[18,153277,57015],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[143,153280,153281,153282,153284],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153283,152811],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153286,153287],{},"Example of value vs index:",[44,153289,153291],{"className":46,"code":153290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153292,153293,153325,153329,153353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153294,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153296,245],{"class":59},[53,153298,64],{"class":63},[53,153300,9103],{"class":67},[53,153302,253],{"class":252},[53,153304,257],{"class":256},[53,153306,253],{"class":252},[53,153308,75],{"class":67},[53,153310,264],{"class":252},[53,153312,267],{"class":256},[53,153314,253],{"class":252},[53,153316,75],{"class":67},[53,153318,264],{"class":252},[53,153320,292],{"class":256},[53,153322,253],{"class":252},[53,153324,108],{"class":67},[53,153326,153327],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153328,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,153330,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153332,115],{"class":114},[53,153334,102],{"class":67},[53,153336,311],{"class":98},[53,153338,95],{"class":67},[53,153340,35711],{"class":98},[53,153342,102],{"class":67},[53,153344,253],{"class":252},[53,153346,267],{"class":256},[53,153348,253],{"class":252},[53,153350,5236],{"class":67},[53,153352,27645],{"class":127},[53,153354,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153356,115],{"class":114},[53,153358,102],{"class":67},[53,153360,311],{"class":98},[53,153362,338],{"class":67},[53,153364,72],{"class":71},[53,153366,20310],{"class":67},[53,153368,153369],{"class":127},"               # banana\n",[14,153371,2061],{},[140,153373,153374,153378],{},[143,153375,153376,15110],{},[18,153377,65001],{},[143,153379,153380,153382],{},[18,153381,72],{}," is the index",[39,153384,2709],{"id":2708},[14,153386,105845,153387,597],{},[18,153388,148921],{},[140,153390,153391,153394,153399,153404,153411],{},[143,153392,153393],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[143,153395,8319,153396,153398],{},[18,153397,58693],{}," to return all matching positions",[143,153400,153401,153402],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153403,2000],{},[143,153405,153406,153407,4269,153409],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153408,35938],{},[18,153410,29],{},[143,153412,37066,153413,153415],{},[18,153414,148921],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[830,153417,60436],{"id":60435},[14,153419,94107],{},[44,153421,153423],{"className":46,"code":153422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153424,153425,153435,153449,153464,153482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153426,153427,153429,153431,153433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153428,115],{"class":114},[53,153430,102],{"class":67},[53,153432,147734],{"class":98},[53,153434,108],{"class":67},[53,153436,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153438,115],{"class":114},[53,153440,102],{"class":67},[53,153442,11029],{"class":114},[53,153444,102],{"class":67},[53,153446,147734],{"class":98},[53,153448,1907],{"class":67},[53,153450,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153462],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153452,115],{"class":114},[53,153454,102],{"class":67},[53,153456,2325],{"class":98},[53,153458,1565],{"class":1558},[53,153460,153461],{"class":98}," my_tuple",[53,153463,108],{"class":67},[53,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153467,115],{"class":114},[53,153469,102],{"class":67},[53,153471,147734],{"class":98},[53,153473,95],{"class":67},[53,153475,41122],{"class":98},[53,153477,102],{"class":67},[53,153479,2350],{"class":98},[53,153481,1907],{"class":67},[53,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,153485,115],{"class":114},[53,153487,102],{"class":67},[53,153489,147734],{"class":98},[53,153491,95],{"class":67},[53,153493,35711],{"class":98},[53,153495,102],{"class":67},[53,153497,2350],{"class":98},[53,153499,1907],{"class":67},[14,153501,153502,153503,84124,153505,153507],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153504,40566],{},[18,153506,2350],{}," is missing.",[14,153509,129351],{},[44,153511,153513],{"className":46,"code":153512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153514,153515,153527,153545,153551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153516,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153518,6867],{"class":1558},[53,153520,21449],{"class":59},[53,153522,1565],{"class":63},[53,153524,153461],{"class":59},[53,153526,6265],{"class":67},[53,153528,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153530,7936],{"class":114},[53,153532,102],{"class":67},[53,153534,147734],{"class":98},[53,153536,95],{"class":67},[53,153538,35711],{"class":98},[53,153540,102],{"class":67},[53,153542,2350],{"class":98},[53,153544,1907],{"class":67},[53,153546,153547,153549],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153548,27299],{"class":1558},[53,153550,6265],{"class":67},[53,153552,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153554,7936],{"class":114},[53,153556,102],{"class":67},[53,153558,253],{"class":252},[53,153560,152986],{"class":256},[53,153562,253],{"class":252},[53,153564,108],{"class":67},[39,153566,1650],{"id":1649},[830,153568,5017,153570,12582],{"id":153569},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153571,148921],{},[14,153573,153574],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[830,153576,153578],{"id":153577},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153580,153581,152448],{},[18,153582,148921],{},[830,153584,148900],{"id":148899},[14,153586,76585,153587,95],{},[18,153588,40566],{},[830,153590,153592],{"id":153591},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153594,153595,153596,4269,153598,153600],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153597,35938],{},[18,153599,29],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[830,153602,14766,153604,56930,153606,2370],{"id":153603},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153605,148921],{},[18,153607,64592],{},[14,153609,153610],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[39,153612,1782],{"id":1781},[140,153614,153615,153621,153625,153630,153634],{},[143,153616,153617],{},[183,153618,148947,153619,10608],{"href":148999},[18,153620,57015],{},[143,153622,153623],{},[183,153624,149389],{"href":152815},[143,153626,153627],{},[183,153628,153629],{"href":150695},"Creating a tuple in Python",[143,153631,153632],{},[183,153633,65566],{"href":65565},[143,153635,153636],{},[183,153637,150643],{"href":152453},[1810,153639,153640],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039,"children":153647},[153648],{"id":17259,"depth":111,"text":17260},{"id":103106,"depth":89,"text":103107},{"id":152790,"depth":89,"text":152791},{"id":65356,"depth":89,"text":65357},{"id":65133,"depth":89,"text":65916,"children":153653},[153654],{"id":153142,"depth":111,"text":153143},{"id":153250,"depth":89,"text":153251},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709,"children":153657},[153658],{"id":60435,"depth":111,"text":60436},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":153660},[153661,153663,153664,153665,153666],{"id":153569,"depth":111,"text":153662},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153577,"depth":111,"text":153578},{"id":148899,"depth":111,"text":148900},{"id":153591,"depth":111,"text":153592},{"id":153603,"depth":111,"text":153667},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152255,"description":153669},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153676,"title":153677,"body":153678,"description":155073,"extension":1841,"meta":155074,"navigation":301,"path":152815,"seo":155075,"stem":155076,"__hash__":155077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153679,"toc":155055},[153680,153683,153686,153689,153703,153705,153708,153802,153812,153818,153822,153825,153828,153830,153848,153850,153921,153923,153940,153944,153948,153951,153968,153971,153986,153988,154079,154082,154086,154089,154106,154108,154203,154206,154209,154213,154216,154310,154312,154331,154334,154338,154341,154343,154398,154400,154435,154438,154452,154460,154553,154562,154566,154569,154576,154579,154626,154628,154636,154639,154690,154692,154709,154714,154718,154721,154724,154726,154777,154780,154835,154838,154841,154843,154846,154866,154868,154941,154944,154957,154959,154963,154968,154972,154977,154994,154998,155001,155018,155022,155025,155027,155052],[10,153681,153677],{"id":153682},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153684,153685],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153687,153688],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[140,153690,153691,153694,153697,153700],{},[143,153692,153693],{},"positive indexes",[143,153695,153696],{},"negative indexes",[143,153698,153699],{},"common indexing mistakes",[143,153701,153702],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[39,153704,42],{"id":41},[14,153706,153707],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[44,153709,153711],{"className":46,"code":153710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153712,153713,153745,153749,153766,153783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153714,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153716,398],{"class":59},[53,153718,64],{"class":63},[53,153720,9103],{"class":67},[53,153722,253],{"class":252},[53,153724,407],{"class":256},[53,153726,253],{"class":252},[53,153728,75],{"class":67},[53,153730,264],{"class":252},[53,153732,436],{"class":256},[53,153734,253],{"class":252},[53,153736,75],{"class":67},[53,153738,264],{"class":252},[53,153740,416],{"class":256},[53,153742,253],{"class":252},[53,153744,108],{"class":67},[53,153746,153747],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153748,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,153750,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153752,115],{"class":114},[53,153754,102],{"class":67},[53,153756,425],{"class":98},[53,153758,338],{"class":67},[53,153760,2000],{"class":71},[53,153762,20310],{"class":67},[53,153764,153765],{"class":127},"   # red\n",[53,153767,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153769,115],{"class":114},[53,153771,102],{"class":67},[53,153773,425],{"class":98},[53,153775,338],{"class":67},[53,153777,72],{"class":71},[53,153779,20310],{"class":67},[53,153781,153782],{"class":127},"   # green\n",[53,153784,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,153786,115],{"class":114},[53,153788,102],{"class":67},[53,153790,425],{"class":98},[53,153792,338],{"class":67},[53,153794,1901],{"class":63},[53,153796,72],{"class":71},[53,153798,20310],{"class":67},[53,153800,153801],{"class":127},"  # blue\n",[140,153803,153804,153809],{},[143,153805,132140,153806,153808],{},[18,153807,2000],{}," is the first item.",[143,153810,153811],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153813,153814,153815,95],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[183,153816,153817],{"href":147719},"how to create a tuple in Python",[39,153819,153821],{"id":153820},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153823,153824],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153826,153827],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153829,11327],{},[140,153831,153832,153835,153842,153845],{},[143,153833,153834],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[143,153836,153837,153838,18827,153840],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,153839,2000],{},[18,153841,72],{},[143,153843,153844],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[143,153846,153847],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153849,235],{},[44,153851,153853],{"className":46,"code":153852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,153854,153855,153875,153879,153893,153907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153856,153857,153859,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153858,60],{"class":59},[53,153860,64],{"class":63},[53,153862,9103],{"class":67},[53,153864,539],{"class":71},[53,153866,75],{"class":67},[53,153868,7658],{"class":71},[53,153870,75],{"class":67},[53,153872,7663],{"class":71},[53,153874,108],{"class":67},[53,153876,153877],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153878,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,153880,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153882,115],{"class":114},[53,153884,102],{"class":67},[53,153886,92],{"class":98},[53,153888,338],{"class":67},[53,153890,2000],{"class":71},[53,153892,632],{"class":67},[53,153894,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,153896,115],{"class":114},[53,153898,102],{"class":67},[53,153900,92],{"class":98},[53,153902,338],{"class":67},[53,153904,72],{"class":71},[53,153906,632],{"class":67},[53,153908,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,153910,115],{"class":114},[53,153912,102],{"class":67},[53,153914,92],{"class":98},[53,153916,338],{"class":67},[53,153918,1937],{"class":71},[53,153920,632],{"class":67},[14,153922,328],{},[44,153924,153926],{"className":46,"code":153925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,153927,153928,153932,153936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153929,153930],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153931,2255],{"class":71},[53,153933,153934],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,153935,70951],{"class":71},[53,153937,153938],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,153939,69567],{"class":71},[14,153941,59118,153942,95],{},[183,153943,147716],{"href":147715},[39,153945,153947],{"id":153946},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153949,153950],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[140,153952,153953,153958,153963],{},[143,153954,153955,153957],{},[18,153956,2000],{}," = first item",[143,153959,153960,153962],{},[18,153961,72],{}," = second item",[143,153964,153965,153967],{},[18,153966,1937],{}," = third item",[14,153969,153970],{},"Pattern:",[44,153972,153974],{"className":46,"code":153973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,153975,153976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153977,153978,153980,153982,153984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153979,152471],{"class":59},[53,153981,338],{"class":67},[53,153983,35711],{"class":59},[53,153985,86],{"class":67},[14,153987,235],{},[44,153989,153991],{"className":46,"code":153990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,153992,153993,154025,154029,154046,154062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153994,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153996,245],{"class":59},[53,153998,64],{"class":63},[53,154000,9103],{"class":67},[53,154002,253],{"class":252},[53,154004,257],{"class":256},[53,154006,253],{"class":252},[53,154008,75],{"class":67},[53,154010,264],{"class":252},[53,154012,267],{"class":256},[53,154014,253],{"class":252},[53,154016,75],{"class":67},[53,154018,264],{"class":252},[53,154020,3971],{"class":256},[53,154022,253],{"class":252},[53,154024,108],{"class":67},[53,154026,154027],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154028,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154030,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154032,115],{"class":114},[53,154034,102],{"class":67},[53,154036,311],{"class":98},[53,154038,338],{"class":67},[53,154040,2000],{"class":71},[53,154042,20310],{"class":67},[53,154044,154045],{"class":127},"  # apple\n",[53,154047,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,154049,115],{"class":114},[53,154051,102],{"class":67},[53,154053,311],{"class":98},[53,154055,338],{"class":67},[53,154057,72],{"class":71},[53,154059,20310],{"class":67},[53,154061,51349],{"class":127},[53,154063,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,154065,115],{"class":114},[53,154067,102],{"class":67},[53,154069,311],{"class":98},[53,154071,338],{"class":67},[53,154073,1937],{"class":71},[53,154075,20310],{"class":67},[53,154077,154078],{"class":127},"  # cherry\n",[14,154080,154081],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[39,154083,154085],{"id":154084},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154087,154088],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[140,154090,154091,154096,154101],{},[143,154092,154093,154095],{},[18,154094,65581],{}," = last item",[143,154097,154098,154100],{},[18,154099,95137],{}," = second-to-last item",[143,154102,154103,154105],{},[18,154104,47533],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154107,235],{},[44,154109,154111],{"className":46,"code":154110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154112,154113,154145,154149,154167,154185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154114,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154116,245],{"class":59},[53,154118,64],{"class":63},[53,154120,9103],{"class":67},[53,154122,253],{"class":252},[53,154124,257],{"class":256},[53,154126,253],{"class":252},[53,154128,75],{"class":67},[53,154130,264],{"class":252},[53,154132,267],{"class":256},[53,154134,253],{"class":252},[53,154136,75],{"class":67},[53,154138,264],{"class":252},[53,154140,3971],{"class":256},[53,154142,253],{"class":252},[53,154144,108],{"class":67},[53,154146,154147],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154148,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154150,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154152,115],{"class":114},[53,154154,102],{"class":67},[53,154156,311],{"class":98},[53,154158,338],{"class":67},[53,154160,1901],{"class":63},[53,154162,72],{"class":71},[53,154164,20310],{"class":67},[53,154166,154078],{"class":127},[53,154168,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,154170,115],{"class":114},[53,154172,102],{"class":67},[53,154174,311],{"class":98},[53,154176,338],{"class":67},[53,154178,1901],{"class":63},[53,154180,1937],{"class":71},[53,154182,20310],{"class":67},[53,154184,51349],{"class":127},[53,154186,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,154188,115],{"class":114},[53,154190,102],{"class":67},[53,154192,311],{"class":98},[53,154194,338],{"class":67},[53,154196,1901],{"class":63},[53,154198,754],{"class":71},[53,154200,20310],{"class":67},[53,154202,154045],{"class":127},[14,154204,154205],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154207,154208],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[39,154210,154212],{"id":154211},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154214,154215],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[44,154217,154219],{"className":46,"code":154218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154220,154221,154253,154257,154274,154291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154222,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154224,4869],{"class":59},[53,154226,64],{"class":63},[53,154228,9103],{"class":67},[53,154230,253],{"class":252},[53,154232,12747],{"class":256},[53,154234,253],{"class":252},[53,154236,75],{"class":67},[53,154238,264],{"class":252},[53,154240,35806],{"class":256},[53,154242,253],{"class":252},[53,154244,75],{"class":67},[53,154246,264],{"class":252},[53,154248,35815],{"class":256},[53,154250,253],{"class":252},[53,154252,108],{"class":67},[53,154254,154255],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154256,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154258,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154260,115],{"class":114},[53,154262,102],{"class":67},[53,154264,4913],{"class":98},[53,154266,338],{"class":67},[53,154268,2000],{"class":71},[53,154270,20310],{"class":67},[53,154272,154273],{"class":127},"   # first item\n",[53,154275,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,154277,115],{"class":114},[53,154279,102],{"class":67},[53,154281,4913],{"class":98},[53,154283,338],{"class":67},[53,154285,72],{"class":71},[53,154287,20310],{"class":67},[53,154289,154290],{"class":127},"   # middle item\n",[53,154292,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,154294,115],{"class":114},[53,154296,102],{"class":67},[53,154298,4913],{"class":98},[53,154300,338],{"class":67},[53,154302,1901],{"class":63},[53,154304,72],{"class":71},[53,154306,20310],{"class":67},[53,154308,154309],{"class":127},"  # last item\n",[14,154311,328],{},[44,154313,154315],{"className":46,"code":154314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154316,154317,154321,154326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154318,154319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154320,49903],{"class":59},[53,154322,154323],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154324,154325],{"class":59},"Ben\n",[53,154327,154328],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154329,154330],{"class":59},"Cara\n",[14,154332,154333],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[39,154335,154337],{"id":154336},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154339,154340],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154342,235],{},[44,154344,154346],{"className":46,"code":154345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154347,154348,154380,154384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154349,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154351,1411],{"class":59},[53,154353,64],{"class":63},[53,154355,9103],{"class":67},[53,154357,253],{"class":252},[53,154359,183],{"class":256},[53,154361,253],{"class":252},[53,154363,75],{"class":67},[53,154365,264],{"class":252},[53,154367,1453],{"class":256},[53,154369,253],{"class":252},[53,154371,75],{"class":67},[53,154373,264],{"class":252},[53,154375,1428],{"class":256},[53,154377,253],{"class":252},[53,154379,108],{"class":67},[53,154381,154382],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154383,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154385,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154387,115],{"class":114},[53,154389,102],{"class":67},[53,154391,1437],{"class":98},[53,154393,338],{"class":67},[53,154395,2017],{"class":71},[53,154397,632],{"class":67},[14,154399,328],{},[44,154401,154403],{"className":46,"code":154402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154404,154405,154417,154422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154406,154407,154410,154412,154415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154408,154409],{"class":98},"Traceback ",[53,154411,102],{"class":67},[53,154413,154414],{"class":98},"most recent call last",[53,154416,1580],{"class":67},[53,154418,154419],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154420,154421],{"class":34317},"  ...\n",[53,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154433],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154425,70458],{"class":2782},[53,154427,597],{"class":67},[53,154429,149082],{"class":2782},[53,154431,154432],{"class":59}," index out of ",[53,154434,70650],{"class":114},[14,154436,154437],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[140,154439,154440,154444,154448],{},[143,154441,154442],{},[18,154443,2000],{},[143,154445,154446],{},[18,154447,72],{},[143,154449,154450],{},[18,154451,1937],{},[14,154453,154454,154455,95],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[183,154456,154457,154459],{"href":148954},[18,154458,42223],{}," on a tuple",[44,154461,154463],{"className":46,"code":154462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154464,154465,154497,154501,154517,154521,154539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154466,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154468,1411],{"class":59},[53,154470,64],{"class":63},[53,154472,9103],{"class":67},[53,154474,253],{"class":252},[53,154476,183],{"class":256},[53,154478,253],{"class":252},[53,154480,75],{"class":67},[53,154482,264],{"class":252},[53,154484,1453],{"class":256},[53,154486,253],{"class":252},[53,154488,75],{"class":67},[53,154490,264],{"class":252},[53,154492,1428],{"class":256},[53,154494,253],{"class":252},[53,154496,108],{"class":67},[53,154498,154499],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154500,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154502,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154504,115],{"class":114},[53,154506,102],{"class":67},[53,154508,11029],{"class":114},[53,154510,102],{"class":67},[53,154512,1437],{"class":98},[53,154514,5236],{"class":67},[53,154516,50634],{"class":127},[53,154518,154519],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,154520,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,154524,6867],{"class":1558},[53,154526,38249],{"class":114},[53,154528,102],{"class":67},[53,154530,1437],{"class":98},[53,154532,3539],{"class":67},[53,154534,38259],{"class":63},[53,154536,78],{"class":71},[53,154538,6265],{"class":67},[53,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,154542,7936],{"class":114},[53,154544,102],{"class":67},[53,154546,1437],{"class":98},[53,154548,338],{"class":67},[53,154550,1937],{"class":71},[53,154552,632],{"class":67},[14,154554,154555,154556,95],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[183,154557,25545,154559],{"href":154558},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154560,154561],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[39,154563,154565],{"id":154564},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154567,154568],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[140,154570,154571,154573],{},[143,154572,76602],{},[143,154574,154575],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154577,154578],{},"Indexing example:",[44,154580,154582],{"className":46,"code":154581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154583,154584,154608,154612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154585,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154587,60],{"class":59},[53,154589,64],{"class":63},[53,154591,9103],{"class":67},[53,154593,539],{"class":71},[53,154595,75],{"class":67},[53,154597,7658],{"class":71},[53,154599,75],{"class":67},[53,154601,7663],{"class":71},[53,154603,75],{"class":67},[53,154605,50707],{"class":71},[53,154607,108],{"class":67},[53,154609,154610],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154611,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154615,115],{"class":114},[53,154617,102],{"class":67},[53,154619,92],{"class":98},[53,154621,338],{"class":67},[53,154623,72],{"class":71},[53,154625,632],{"class":67},[14,154627,328],{},[44,154629,154630],{"className":46,"code":70951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,154631,154632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154633,154634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154635,70951],{"class":71},[14,154637,154638],{},"Slicing example:",[44,154640,154642],{"className":46,"code":154641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154643,154644,154668,154672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154647,60],{"class":59},[53,154649,64],{"class":63},[53,154651,9103],{"class":67},[53,154653,539],{"class":71},[53,154655,75],{"class":67},[53,154657,7658],{"class":71},[53,154659,75],{"class":67},[53,154661,7663],{"class":71},[53,154663,75],{"class":67},[53,154665,50707],{"class":71},[53,154667,108],{"class":67},[53,154669,154670],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154671,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154675,115],{"class":114},[53,154677,102],{"class":67},[53,154679,92],{"class":98},[53,154681,338],{"class":67},[53,154683,72],{"class":71},[53,154685,597],{"class":67},[53,154687,754],{"class":71},[53,154689,632],{"class":67},[14,154691,328],{},[44,154693,154695],{"className":46,"code":154694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154696,154697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154698,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154700,102],{"class":67},[53,154702,15618],{"class":71},[53,154704,75],{"class":67},[53,154706,7663],{"class":71},[53,154708,108],{"class":67},[14,154710,154711,154712,95],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[183,154713,150633],{"href":150632},[39,154715,154717],{"id":154716},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154719,154720],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154722,154723],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154725,6557],{},[44,154727,154729],{"className":46,"code":154728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154730,154731,154763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154732,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154734,398],{"class":59},[53,154736,64],{"class":63},[53,154738,9103],{"class":67},[53,154740,253],{"class":252},[53,154742,407],{"class":256},[53,154744,253],{"class":252},[53,154746,75],{"class":67},[53,154748,264],{"class":252},[53,154750,436],{"class":256},[53,154752,253],{"class":252},[53,154754,75],{"class":67},[53,154756,264],{"class":252},[53,154758,416],{"class":256},[53,154760,253],{"class":252},[53,154762,108],{"class":67},[53,154764,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154766,115],{"class":114},[53,154768,102],{"class":67},[53,154770,425],{"class":98},[53,154772,338],{"class":67},[53,154774,72],{"class":71},[53,154776,632],{"class":67},[14,154778,154779],{},"But this does not work:",[44,154781,154783],{"className":46,"code":154782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,154784,154785,154817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154786,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154788,398],{"class":59},[53,154790,64],{"class":63},[53,154792,9103],{"class":67},[53,154794,253],{"class":252},[53,154796,407],{"class":256},[53,154798,253],{"class":252},[53,154800,75],{"class":67},[53,154802,264],{"class":252},[53,154804,436],{"class":256},[53,154806,253],{"class":252},[53,154808,75],{"class":67},[53,154810,264],{"class":252},[53,154812,416],{"class":256},[53,154814,253],{"class":252},[53,154816,108],{"class":67},[53,154818,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154820,425],{"class":59},[53,154822,338],{"class":67},[53,154824,72],{"class":71},[53,154826,13138],{"class":67},[53,154828,13141],{"class":63},[53,154830,264],{"class":252},[53,154832,22389],{"class":256},[53,154834,3239],{"class":252},[14,154836,154837],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154839,154840],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[39,154842,2709],{"id":2708},[14,154844,154845],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[140,154847,154848,154854,154857,154860],{},[143,154849,132444,154850,10959,154852],{},[18,154851,72],{},[18,154853,2000],{},[143,154855,154856],{},"Using an index that is too large",[143,154858,154859],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[143,154861,154862,154863],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,154864,154865],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154867,62021],{},[44,154869,154871],{"className":46,"code":154870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,154872,154873,154883,154897,154911,154927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154874,154875,154877,154879,154881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154876,115],{"class":114},[53,154878,102],{"class":67},[53,154880,147734],{"class":98},[53,154882,108],{"class":67},[53,154884,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,154886,115],{"class":114},[53,154888,102],{"class":67},[53,154890,11029],{"class":114},[53,154892,102],{"class":67},[53,154894,147734],{"class":98},[53,154896,1907],{"class":67},[53,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,154900,115],{"class":114},[53,154902,102],{"class":67},[53,154904,147734],{"class":98},[53,154906,338],{"class":67},[53,154908,2000],{"class":71},[53,154910,632],{"class":67},[53,154912,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,154914,115],{"class":114},[53,154916,102],{"class":67},[53,154918,147734],{"class":98},[53,154920,338],{"class":67},[53,154922,1901],{"class":63},[53,154924,72],{"class":71},[53,154926,632],{"class":67},[53,154928,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,154930,115],{"class":114},[53,154932,102],{"class":67},[53,154934,3102],{"class":2782},[53,154936,102],{"class":67},[53,154938,147734],{"class":98},[53,154940,1907],{"class":67},[14,154942,154943],{},"These can help you confirm:",[140,154945,154946,154949,154951,154954],{},[143,154947,154948],{},"what the tuple contains",[143,154950,60510],{},[143,154952,154953],{},"what the first and last items are",[143,154955,154956],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[39,154958,1650],{"id":1649},[830,154960,154962],{"id":154961},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154964,154965,154966,95],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,154967,2000],{},[830,154969,154971],{"id":154970},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154973,131,154974,154976],{},[18,154975,65581],{}," as the index:",[44,154978,154980],{"className":46,"code":154979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,154981,154982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154983,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154985,147734],{"class":59},[53,154987,338],{"class":67},[53,154989,1901],{"class":63},[53,154991,72],{"class":71},[53,154993,86],{"class":67},[830,154995,154997],{"id":154996},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154999,155000],{},"Python raises:",[44,155002,155004],{"className":46,"code":155003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155005,155006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155007,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155009,70458],{"class":2782},[53,155011,597],{"class":67},[53,155013,149082],{"class":2782},[53,155015,154432],{"class":59},[53,155017,70650],{"class":114},[830,155019,155021],{"id":155020},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155023,155024],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[39,155026,1782],{"id":1781},[140,155028,155029,155034,155038,155042,155048],{},[143,155030,155031],{},[183,155032,155033],{"href":147719},"How to create a tuple in Python",[143,155035,155036],{},[183,155037,150633],{"href":150632},[143,155039,155040],{},[183,155041,150638],{"href":148954},[143,155043,155044],{},[183,155045,25987,155046],{"href":154558},[18,155047,154561],{},[143,155049,155050],{},[183,155051,147716],{"href":147715},[1810,155053,155054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":155056},[155057,155058,155059,155060,155061,155062,155063,155064,155065,155066,155072],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":153820,"depth":89,"text":153821},{"id":153946,"depth":89,"text":153947},{"id":154084,"depth":89,"text":154085},{"id":154211,"depth":89,"text":154212},{"id":154336,"depth":89,"text":154337},{"id":154564,"depth":89,"text":154565},{"id":154716,"depth":89,"text":154717},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":155067},[155068,155069,155070,155071],{"id":154961,"depth":111,"text":154962},{"id":154970,"depth":111,"text":154971},{"id":154996,"depth":111,"text":154997},{"id":155020,"depth":111,"text":155021},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153677,"description":155073},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155079,"title":155080,"body":155081,"description":156970,"extension":1841,"meta":156971,"navigation":301,"path":156972,"seo":156973,"stem":156974,"__hash__":156975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155082,"toc":156927},[155083,155089,155094,155145,155149,155157,155163,155165,155181,155183,155186,155201,155203,155216,155218,155275,155279,155287,155294,155300,155306,155310,155361,155365,155373,155377,155406,155410,155418,155422,155455,155459,155467,155471,155474,155525,155529,155537,155539,155556,155560,155564,155623,155627,155635,155638,155665,155669,155677,155681,155687,155762,155766,155803,155811,155815,155878,155882,155890,155895,155899,155905,155948,155952,155960,155966,155969,156016,156020,156028,156037,156043,156098,156102,156110,156113,156117,156119,156150,156154,156173,156176,156221,156225,156248,156254,156259,156261,156308,156313,156316,156364,156368,156376,156380,156385,156389,156439,156443,156458,156462,156520,156524,156539,156543,156614,156618,156627,156631,156710,156714,156736,156744,156746,156749,156774,156776,156829,156831,156848,156850,156854,156860,156865,156870,156874,156879,156883,156888,156894,156897,156899,156924],[10,155084,155086,155087,3539],{"id":155085},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155088,11029],{},[14,155090,131,155091,155093],{},[18,155092,42223],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[44,155095,155097],{"className":46,"code":155096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155098,155099,155131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155100,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155102,398],{"class":59},[53,155104,64],{"class":63},[53,155106,9103],{"class":67},[53,155108,253],{"class":252},[53,155110,407],{"class":256},[53,155112,253],{"class":252},[53,155114,75],{"class":67},[53,155116,264],{"class":252},[53,155118,436],{"class":256},[53,155120,253],{"class":252},[53,155122,75],{"class":67},[53,155124,264],{"class":252},[53,155126,416],{"class":256},[53,155128,253],{"class":252},[53,155130,108],{"class":67},[53,155132,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155134,115],{"class":114},[53,155136,102],{"class":67},[53,155138,11029],{"class":114},[53,155140,102],{"class":67},[53,155142,425],{"class":98},[53,155144,1907],{"class":67},[14,155146,155147],{},[23,155148,328],{},[44,155150,155151],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155152,155153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155154,155155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155156,46479],{"class":71},[14,155158,131,155159,155162],{},[18,155160,155161],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[39,155164,15026],{"id":15025},[140,155166,155167,155172,155176,155179],{},[143,155168,4073,155169,155171],{},[18,155170,42223],{}," works with tuples",[143,155173,67985,155174,11573],{},[18,155175,42223],{},[143,155177,155178],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[143,155180,1039],{},[39,155182,2039],{"id":2038},[14,155184,155185],{},"Use this pattern:",[44,155187,155189],{"className":46,"code":155188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155190,155191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155194,11029],{"class":114},[53,155196,102],{"class":67},[53,155198,147734],{"class":98},[53,155200,108],{"class":67},[14,155202,11327],{},[140,155204,155205,155208,155211],{},[143,155206,155207],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[143,155209,155210],{},"The result is an integer",[143,155212,155213,155215],{},[18,155214,42223],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155217,235],{},[44,155219,155221],{"className":46,"code":155220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155222,155223,155247,155261,155265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155224,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155226,60],{"class":59},[53,155228,64],{"class":63},[53,155230,9103],{"class":67},[53,155232,539],{"class":71},[53,155234,75],{"class":67},[53,155236,7658],{"class":71},[53,155238,75],{"class":67},[53,155240,7663],{"class":71},[53,155242,75],{"class":67},[53,155244,50707],{"class":71},[53,155246,108],{"class":67},[53,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155250,41104],{"class":59},[53,155252,64],{"class":63},[53,155254,38249],{"class":114},[53,155256,102],{"class":67},[53,155258,92],{"class":98},[53,155260,108],{"class":67},[53,155262,155263],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,155264,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,155266,155267,155269,155271,155273],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,155268,115],{"class":114},[53,155270,102],{"class":67},[53,155272,41122],{"class":98},[53,155274,108],{"class":67},[14,155276,155277],{},[23,155278,328],{},[44,155280,155281],{"className":46,"code":48513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155282,155283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155284,155285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155286,48513],{"class":71},[14,155288,155289,155290,95],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[183,155291,3457,155292,3390],{"href":42220},[18,155293,42223],{},[39,155295,3556,155297,155299],{"id":155296},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155298,42223],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155301,155302,155303,155305],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155304,42223],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[830,155307,155309],{"id":155308},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[44,155311,155313],{"className":46,"code":155312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155314,155315,155347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155316,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155318,245],{"class":59},[53,155320,64],{"class":63},[53,155322,9103],{"class":67},[53,155324,253],{"class":252},[53,155326,257],{"class":256},[53,155328,253],{"class":252},[53,155330,75],{"class":67},[53,155332,264],{"class":252},[53,155334,267],{"class":256},[53,155336,253],{"class":252},[53,155338,75],{"class":67},[53,155340,264],{"class":252},[53,155342,292],{"class":256},[53,155344,253],{"class":252},[53,155346,108],{"class":67},[53,155348,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155350,115],{"class":114},[53,155352,102],{"class":67},[53,155354,11029],{"class":114},[53,155356,102],{"class":67},[53,155358,311],{"class":98},[53,155360,1907],{"class":67},[14,155362,155363],{},[23,155364,328],{},[44,155366,155367],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155368,155369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155370,155371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155372,46479],{"class":71},[830,155374,155376],{"id":155375},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[44,155378,155380],{"className":46,"code":155379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155381,155382,155391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155383,155384,155387,155389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155385,155386],{"class":59},"empty_tuple ",[53,155388,64],{"class":63},[53,155390,149058],{"class":67},[53,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155404],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155394,115],{"class":114},[53,155396,102],{"class":67},[53,155398,11029],{"class":114},[53,155400,102],{"class":67},[53,155402,155403],{"class":98},"empty_tuple",[53,155405,1907],{"class":67},[14,155407,155408],{},[23,155409,328],{},[44,155411,155412],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155413,155414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155415,155416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155417,47114],{"class":71},[830,155419,155421],{"id":155420},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[44,155423,155425],{"className":46,"code":155424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155426,155427,155440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155428,155429,155432,155434,155436,155438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155430,155431],{"class":59},"single_value ",[53,155433,64],{"class":63},[53,155435,9103],{"class":67},[53,155437,2017],{"class":71},[53,155439,149072],{"class":67},[53,155441,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155453],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155443,115],{"class":114},[53,155445,102],{"class":67},[53,155447,11029],{"class":114},[53,155449,102],{"class":67},[53,155451,155452],{"class":98},"single_value",[53,155454,1907],{"class":67},[14,155456,155457],{},[23,155458,328],{},[44,155460,155461],{"className":46,"code":46779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155462,155463],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155464,155465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155466,46779],{"class":71},[830,155468,155470],{"id":155469},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155472,155473],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[44,155475,155477],{"className":46,"code":155476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155478,155479,155511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155480,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155482,1692],{"class":59},[53,155484,64],{"class":63},[53,155486,9103],{"class":67},[53,155488,72],{"class":71},[53,155490,75],{"class":67},[53,155492,9103],{"class":67},[53,155494,1937],{"class":71},[53,155496,75],{"class":67},[53,155498,83],{"class":71},[53,155500,9100],{"class":67},[53,155502,68],{"class":67},[53,155504,105],{"class":71},[53,155506,75],{"class":67},[53,155508,1577],{"class":71},[53,155510,632],{"class":67},[53,155512,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155514,115],{"class":114},[53,155516,102],{"class":67},[53,155518,11029],{"class":114},[53,155520,102],{"class":67},[53,155522,1709],{"class":98},[53,155524,1907],{"class":67},[14,155526,155527],{},[23,155528,328],{},[44,155530,155531],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155532,155533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155534,155535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155536,46479],{"class":71},[14,155538,19821],{},[140,155540,155541,155546,155551],{},[143,155542,155543,155545],{},[18,155544,72],{}," is one item",[143,155547,155548,155545],{},[18,155549,155550],{},"(2, 3)",[143,155552,155553,155545],{},[18,155554,155555],{},"[4, 5]",[39,155557,155559],{"id":155558},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[830,155561,155563],{"id":155562},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[44,155565,155567],{"className":46,"code":155566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155568,155569,155609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155570,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155572,398],{"class":59},[53,155574,64],{"class":63},[53,155576,9103],{"class":67},[53,155578,253],{"class":252},[53,155580,407],{"class":256},[53,155582,253],{"class":252},[53,155584,75],{"class":67},[53,155586,264],{"class":252},[53,155588,436],{"class":256},[53,155590,253],{"class":252},[53,155592,75],{"class":67},[53,155594,264],{"class":252},[53,155596,416],{"class":256},[53,155598,253],{"class":252},[53,155600,75],{"class":67},[53,155602,264],{"class":252},[53,155604,22389],{"class":256},[53,155606,253],{"class":252},[53,155608,108],{"class":67},[53,155610,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155612,115],{"class":114},[53,155614,102],{"class":67},[53,155616,11029],{"class":114},[53,155618,102],{"class":67},[53,155620,425],{"class":98},[53,155622,1907],{"class":67},[14,155624,155625],{},[23,155626,328],{},[44,155628,155629],{"className":46,"code":48513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155630,155631],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155632,155633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155634,48513],{"class":71},[830,155636,155376],{"id":155637},"empty-tuple-1",[44,155639,155641],{"className":46,"code":155640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155642,155643,155651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155644,155645,155647,155649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155646,516],{"class":59},[53,155648,64],{"class":63},[53,155650,149058],{"class":67},[53,155652,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155654,115],{"class":114},[53,155656,102],{"class":67},[53,155658,11029],{"class":114},[53,155660,102],{"class":67},[53,155662,530],{"class":98},[53,155664,1907],{"class":67},[14,155666,155667],{},[23,155668,328],{},[44,155670,155671],{"className":46,"code":47114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155672,155673],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155674,155675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155676,47114],{"class":71},[830,155678,155680],{"id":155679},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155682,155683,155684,155686],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[23,155685,36],{}," always a tuple.",[44,155688,155690],{"className":46,"code":155689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155691,155692,155704,155716,155720,155734,155748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155693,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155695,2432],{"class":59},[53,155697,64],{"class":63},[53,155699,9103],{"class":67},[53,155701,2017],{"class":71},[53,155703,108],{"class":67},[53,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155707,2460],{"class":59},[53,155709,64],{"class":63},[53,155711,9103],{"class":67},[53,155713,2017],{"class":71},[53,155715,149072],{"class":67},[53,155717,155718],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,155719,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,155723,115],{"class":114},[53,155725,102],{"class":67},[53,155727,3102],{"class":2782},[53,155729,102],{"class":67},[53,155731,183],{"class":98},[53,155733,1907],{"class":67},[53,155735,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,155737,115],{"class":114},[53,155739,102],{"class":67},[53,155741,3102],{"class":2782},[53,155743,102],{"class":67},[53,155745,1453],{"class":98},[53,155747,1907],{"class":67},[53,155749,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,155751,115],{"class":114},[53,155753,102],{"class":67},[53,155755,11029],{"class":114},[53,155757,102],{"class":67},[53,155759,1453],{"class":98},[53,155761,1907],{"class":67},[14,155763,155764],{},[23,155765,328],{},[44,155767,155769],{"className":46,"code":155768,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155770,155771,155785,155799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155772,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155774,3171],{"class":63},[53,155776,3174],{"class":1945},[53,155778,350],{"class":252},[53,155780,2071],{"class":256},[53,155782,341],{"class":252},[53,155784,3183],{"class":63},[53,155786,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155788,3171],{"class":63},[53,155790,3174],{"class":1945},[53,155792,350],{"class":252},[53,155794,48816],{"class":256},[53,155796,341],{"class":252},[53,155798,3183],{"class":63},[53,155800,155801],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,155802,46779],{"class":71},[14,155804,155805,155806,4269,155809,95],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[183,155807,155808],{"href":147719},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[183,155810,149020],{"href":149019},[830,155812,155814],{"id":155813},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[44,155816,155818],{"className":46,"code":155817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,155819,155820,155864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155821,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155823,59198],{"class":59},[53,155825,64],{"class":63},[53,155827,9103],{"class":67},[53,155829,253],{"class":252},[53,155831,257],{"class":256},[53,155833,253],{"class":252},[53,155835,75],{"class":67},[53,155837,68],{"class":67},[53,155839,72],{"class":71},[53,155841,75],{"class":67},[53,155843,78],{"class":71},[53,155845,17926],{"class":67},[53,155847,9103],{"class":67},[53,155849,253],{"class":252},[53,155851,2056],{"class":256},[53,155853,253],{"class":252},[53,155855,75],{"class":67},[53,155857,264],{"class":252},[53,155859,11613],{"class":256},[53,155861,253],{"class":252},[53,155863,1907],{"class":67},[53,155865,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155867,115],{"class":114},[53,155869,102],{"class":67},[53,155871,11029],{"class":114},[53,155873,102],{"class":67},[53,155875,59251],{"class":98},[53,155877,1907],{"class":67},[14,155879,155880],{},[23,155881,328],{},[44,155883,155884],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155885,155886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155887,155888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155889,46479],{"class":71},[14,155891,155892,155894],{},[18,155893,42223],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[39,155896,155898],{"id":155897},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[830,155900,155902,155904],{"id":155901},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,155903,42223],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[44,155906,155908],{"className":46,"code":155907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,155909,155910,155934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155911,155912,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155913,3946],{"class":59},[53,155915,64],{"class":63},[53,155917,9103],{"class":67},[53,155919,253],{"class":252},[53,155921,63322],{"class":256},[53,155923,253],{"class":252},[53,155925,75],{"class":67},[53,155927,264],{"class":252},[53,155929,48],{"class":256},[53,155931,253],{"class":252},[53,155933,108],{"class":67},[53,155935,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,155937,115],{"class":114},[53,155939,102],{"class":67},[53,155941,11029],{"class":114},[53,155943,102],{"class":67},[53,155945,3988],{"class":98},[53,155947,1907],{"class":67},[14,155949,155950],{},[23,155951,328],{},[44,155953,155954],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,155955,155956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155957,155958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155959,16921],{"class":71},[14,155961,155962,155963,155965],{},"This result is ",[18,155964,1937],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155967,155968],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[44,155970,155972],{"className":46,"code":155971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,155973,155974,155998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155975,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155977,3946],{"class":59},[53,155979,64],{"class":63},[53,155981,9103],{"class":67},[53,155983,253],{"class":252},[53,155985,63322],{"class":256},[53,155987,253],{"class":252},[53,155989,75],{"class":67},[53,155991,264],{"class":252},[53,155993,48],{"class":256},[53,155995,253],{"class":252},[53,155997,108],{"class":67},[53,155999,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156001,115],{"class":114},[53,156003,102],{"class":67},[53,156005,11029],{"class":114},[53,156007,102],{"class":67},[53,156009,3988],{"class":98},[53,156011,338],{"class":67},[53,156013,2000],{"class":71},[53,156015,2879],{"class":67},[14,156017,156018],{},[23,156019,328],{},[44,156021,156022],{"className":46,"code":16921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,156023,156024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156025,156026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156027,16921],{"class":71},[14,156029,20635,156030,156033,156034,95],{},[18,156031,156032],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156035,156036],{},"\"hi\"",[830,156038,156040,156042],{"id":156039},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156041,42223],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[44,156044,156046],{"className":46,"code":156045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156047,156048,156084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156049,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156051,3702],{"class":59},[53,156053,64],{"class":63},[53,156055,9862],{"class":67},[53,156057,72],{"class":71},[53,156059,75],{"class":67},[53,156061,78],{"class":71},[53,156063,9100],{"class":67},[53,156065,9103],{"class":67},[53,156067,754],{"class":71},[53,156069,75],{"class":67},[53,156071,759],{"class":71},[53,156073,9100],{"class":67},[53,156075,9103],{"class":67},[53,156077,2017],{"class":71},[53,156079,75],{"class":67},[53,156081,37506],{"class":71},[53,156083,1907],{"class":67},[53,156085,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156087,115],{"class":114},[53,156089,102],{"class":67},[53,156091,11029],{"class":114},[53,156093,102],{"class":67},[53,156095,5233],{"class":98},[53,156097,1907],{"class":67},[14,156099,156100],{},[23,156101,328],{},[44,156103,156104],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,156105,156106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156107,156108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156109,46479],{"class":71},[14,156111,156112],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[830,156114,156116],{"id":156115},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156118,1046],{},[44,156120,156122],{"className":46,"code":156121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156123,156124,156136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156125,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156127,2325],{"class":59},[53,156129,64],{"class":63},[53,156131,9103],{"class":67},[53,156133,539],{"class":71},[53,156135,108],{"class":67},[53,156137,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156139,115],{"class":114},[53,156141,102],{"class":67},[53,156143,3102],{"class":2782},[53,156145,102],{"class":67},[53,156147,2350],{"class":98},[53,156149,1907],{"class":67},[14,156151,156152],{},[23,156153,328],{},[44,156155,156157],{"className":46,"code":156156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156158,156159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156162,3171],{"class":63},[53,156164,3174],{"class":1945},[53,156166,350],{"class":252},[53,156168,2071],{"class":256},[53,156170,341],{"class":252},[53,156172,3183],{"class":63},[14,156174,156175],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[44,156177,156179],{"className":46,"code":156178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156180,156181,156193,156207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156184,2325],{"class":59},[53,156186,64],{"class":63},[53,156188,9103],{"class":67},[53,156190,539],{"class":71},[53,156192,149072],{"class":67},[53,156194,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156196,115],{"class":114},[53,156198,102],{"class":67},[53,156200,3102],{"class":2782},[53,156202,102],{"class":67},[53,156204,2350],{"class":98},[53,156206,1907],{"class":67},[53,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156210,115],{"class":114},[53,156212,102],{"class":67},[53,156214,11029],{"class":114},[53,156216,102],{"class":67},[53,156218,2350],{"class":98},[53,156220,1907],{"class":67},[14,156222,156223],{},[23,156224,328],{},[44,156226,156228],{"className":46,"code":156227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156229,156230,156244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156231,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156233,3171],{"class":63},[53,156235,3174],{"class":1945},[53,156237,350],{"class":252},[53,156239,48816],{"class":256},[53,156241,341],{"class":252},[53,156243,3183],{"class":63},[53,156245,156246],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156247,46779],{"class":71},[830,156249,156251,156253],{"id":156250},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156252,11029],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156255,44291,156256,156258],{},[18,156257,11029],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156260,44322],{},[44,156262,156264],{"className":46,"code":156263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156265,156266,156274,156294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156267,156268,156270,156272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156269,11029],{"class":114},[53,156271,13141],{"class":63},[53,156273,2465],{"class":71},[53,156275,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156277,60],{"class":59},[53,156279,64],{"class":63},[53,156281,9103],{"class":67},[53,156283,72],{"class":71},[53,156285,75],{"class":67},[53,156287,78],{"class":71},[53,156289,75],{"class":67},[53,156291,83],{"class":71},[53,156293,108],{"class":67},[53,156295,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156297,115],{"class":114},[53,156299,102],{"class":67},[53,156301,11029],{"class":114},[53,156303,102],{"class":67},[53,156305,92],{"class":98},[53,156307,1907],{"class":67},[14,156309,39517,156310,156312],{},[18,156311,11029],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156314,156315],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[44,156317,156319],{"className":46,"code":156318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156320,156321,156330,156350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156322,156323,156326,156328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156324,156325],{"class":59},"length_value ",[53,156327,64],{"class":63},[53,156329,2465],{"class":71},[53,156331,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156333,60],{"class":59},[53,156335,64],{"class":63},[53,156337,9103],{"class":67},[53,156339,72],{"class":71},[53,156341,75],{"class":67},[53,156343,78],{"class":71},[53,156345,75],{"class":67},[53,156347,83],{"class":71},[53,156349,108],{"class":67},[53,156351,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156353,115],{"class":114},[53,156355,102],{"class":67},[53,156357,11029],{"class":114},[53,156359,102],{"class":67},[53,156361,92],{"class":98},[53,156363,1907],{"class":67},[14,156365,156366],{},[23,156367,328],{},[44,156369,156370],{"className":46,"code":46479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,156371,156372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156373,156374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156375,46479],{"class":71},[39,156377,156379],{"id":156378},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156381,156382,156384],{},[18,156383,42223],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[830,156386,156388],{"id":156387},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[44,156390,156392],{"className":46,"code":156391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156393,156394,156402,156406,156424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156395,156396,156398,156400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156397,516],{"class":59},[53,156399,64],{"class":63},[53,156401,149058],{"class":67},[53,156403,156404],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156405,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,156407,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156409,6867],{"class":1558},[53,156411,38249],{"class":114},[53,156413,102],{"class":67},[53,156415,530],{"class":98},[53,156417,3539],{"class":67},[53,156419,6280],{"class":63},[53,156421,3713],{"class":71},[53,156423,6265],{"class":67},[53,156425,156426,156428,156430,156432,156435,156437],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,156427,7936],{"class":114},[53,156429,102],{"class":67},[53,156431,253],{"class":252},[53,156433,156434],{"class":256},"The tuple is empty",[53,156436,253],{"class":252},[53,156438,108],{"class":67},[14,156440,156441],{},[23,156442,328],{},[44,156444,156446],{"className":46,"code":156445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156447,156448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156449,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156451,16],{"class":59},[53,156453,48816],{"class":2782},[53,156455,7964],{"class":63},[53,156457,7970],{"class":59},[830,156459,156461],{"id":156460},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[44,156463,156465],{"className":46,"code":156464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156466,156467,156483,156487,156505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156468,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156470,51248],{"class":59},[53,156472,64],{"class":63},[53,156474,9103],{"class":67},[53,156476,105],{"class":71},[53,156478,75],{"class":67},[53,156480,5865],{"class":71},[53,156482,108],{"class":67},[53,156484,156485],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156486,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156490,6867],{"class":1558},[53,156492,38249],{"class":114},[53,156494,102],{"class":67},[53,156496,51273],{"class":98},[53,156498,3539],{"class":67},[53,156500,6280],{"class":63},[53,156502,78],{"class":71},[53,156504,6265],{"class":67},[53,156506,156507,156509,156511,156513,156516,156518],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,156508,7936],{"class":114},[53,156510,102],{"class":67},[53,156512,253],{"class":252},[53,156514,156515],{"class":256},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[53,156517,253],{"class":252},[53,156519,108],{"class":67},[14,156521,156522],{},[23,156523,328],{},[44,156525,156527],{"className":46,"code":156526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156528,156529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156530,156531,156534,156536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156532,156533],{"class":59},"This looks like an x",[53,156535,75],{"class":67},[53,156537,156538],{"class":59}," y coordinate\n",[830,156540,156542],{"id":156541},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[44,156544,156546],{"className":46,"code":156545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156547,156548,156577,156581,156599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156549,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156573,156575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156551,11355],{"class":59},[53,156553,64],{"class":63},[53,156555,9103],{"class":67},[53,156557,253],{"class":252},[53,156559,12747],{"class":256},[53,156561,253],{"class":252},[53,156563,75],{"class":67},[53,156565,9173],{"class":71},[53,156567,75],{"class":67},[53,156569,264],{"class":252},[53,156571,156572],{"class":256},"Canada",[53,156574,253],{"class":252},[53,156576,108],{"class":67},[53,156578,156579],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156580,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156584,6867],{"class":1558},[53,156586,38249],{"class":114},[53,156588,102],{"class":67},[53,156590,11449],{"class":98},[53,156592,3539],{"class":67},[53,156594,6280],{"class":63},[53,156596,83],{"class":71},[53,156598,6265],{"class":67},[53,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156610,156612],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,156602,7936],{"class":114},[53,156604,102],{"class":67},[53,156606,253],{"class":252},[53,156608,156609],{"class":256},"User record has the expected number of values",[53,156611,253],{"class":252},[53,156613,108],{"class":67},[14,156615,156616],{},[23,156617,328],{},[44,156619,156621],{"className":46,"code":156620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156622,156623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156624,156625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156626,156620],{"class":59},[830,156628,156630],{"id":156629},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[44,156632,156634],{"className":46,"code":156633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156635,156636,156668,156672,156692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156637,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156639,1411],{"class":59},[53,156641,64],{"class":63},[53,156643,9103],{"class":67},[53,156645,253],{"class":252},[53,156647,183],{"class":256},[53,156649,253],{"class":252},[53,156651,75],{"class":67},[53,156653,264],{"class":252},[53,156655,1453],{"class":256},[53,156657,253],{"class":252},[53,156659,75],{"class":67},[53,156661,264],{"class":252},[53,156663,1428],{"class":256},[53,156665,253],{"class":252},[53,156667,108],{"class":67},[53,156669,156670],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156671,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,156673,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156675,1559],{"class":1558},[53,156677,69275],{"class":59},[53,156679,1565],{"class":1558},[53,156681,1568],{"class":114},[53,156683,102],{"class":67},[53,156685,11029],{"class":114},[53,156687,102],{"class":67},[53,156689,1437],{"class":98},[53,156691,69290],{"class":67},[53,156693,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,156695,7936],{"class":114},[53,156697,102],{"class":67},[53,156699,36018],{"class":98},[53,156701,75],{"class":67},[53,156703,69823],{"class":98},[53,156705,338],{"class":67},[53,156707,36018],{"class":98},[53,156709,632],{"class":67},[14,156711,156712],{},[23,156713,328],{},[44,156715,156716],{"className":46,"code":36030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,156717,156718,156724,156730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156719,156720,156722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156721,2000],{"class":71},[53,156723,36039],{"class":59},[53,156725,156726,156728],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156727,72],{"class":71},[53,156729,36046],{"class":59},[53,156731,156732,156734],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156733,1937],{"class":71},[53,156735,36053],{"class":59},[14,156737,156738,156739,156741,156742,95],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[183,156740,149389],{"href":149388},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[183,156743,150633],{"href":150632},[39,156745,2709],{"id":2708},[14,156747,156748],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[140,156750,156751,156759,156766,156771],{},[143,156752,156753,156754,10959,156757],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156755,156756],{},"(5)",[18,156758,149223],{},[143,156760,833,156761,156763,156764],{},[18,156762,11029],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156765,42223],{},[143,156767,8319,156768,156770],{},[18,156769,42223],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[143,156772,156773],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156775,31946],{},[44,156777,156779],{"className":46,"code":156778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,156780,156781,156791,156805,156819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156782,156783,156785,156787,156789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156784,115],{"class":114},[53,156786,102],{"class":67},[53,156788,147734],{"class":98},[53,156790,108],{"class":67},[53,156792,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,156794,115],{"class":114},[53,156796,102],{"class":67},[53,156798,3102],{"class":2782},[53,156800,102],{"class":67},[53,156802,147734],{"class":98},[53,156804,1907],{"class":67},[53,156806,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,156808,115],{"class":114},[53,156810,102],{"class":67},[53,156812,11029],{"class":114},[53,156814,102],{"class":67},[53,156816,147734],{"class":98},[53,156818,1907],{"class":67},[53,156820,156821,156823,156825,156827],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,156822,32016],{"class":114},[53,156824,102],{"class":67},[53,156826,11029],{"class":114},[53,156828,108],{"class":67},[14,156830,154943],{},[140,156832,156833,156836,156839,156843],{},[143,156834,156835],{},"what value you are using",[143,156837,156838],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[143,156840,25884,156841,11573],{},[18,156842,42223],{},[143,156844,123107,156845,156847],{},[18,156846,42223],{}," is documented in Python",[39,156849,1650],{"id":1649},[830,156851,156853],{"id":156852},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156855,131,156856,156859],{},[18,156857,156858],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[830,156861,12570,156863,148893],{"id":156862},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,156864,42223],{},[14,156866,1657,156867,156869],{},[18,156868,42223],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[830,156871,156873],{"id":156872},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156875,156876,156877,95],{},"The length is ",[18,156878,2000],{},[830,156880,156882],{"id":156881},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156884,150579,156885,156887],{},[18,156886,150582],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[830,156889,12570,156891,156893],{"id":156890},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,156892,42223],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156895,156896],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[39,156898,1782],{"id":1781},[140,156900,156901,156907,156911,156915,156919],{},[143,156902,156903],{},[183,156904,3457,156905,3390],{"href":42220},[18,156906,42223],{},[143,156908,156909],{},[183,156910,155808],{"href":147719},[143,156912,156913],{},[183,156914,149389],{"href":149388},[143,156916,156917],{},[183,156918,150633],{"href":150632},[143,156920,156921],{},[183,156922,156923],{"href":149019},"What is a tuple in Python",[1810,156925,156926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":156928},[156929,156930,156931,156938,156944,156953,156959,156960,156969],{"id":15025,"depth":89,"text":15026},{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":155296,"depth":89,"text":156932,"children":156933},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156934,156935,156936,156937],{"id":155308,"depth":111,"text":155309},{"id":155375,"depth":111,"text":155376},{"id":155420,"depth":111,"text":155421},{"id":155469,"depth":111,"text":155470},{"id":155558,"depth":89,"text":155559,"children":156939},[156940,156941,156942,156943],{"id":155562,"depth":111,"text":155563},{"id":155637,"depth":111,"text":155376},{"id":155679,"depth":111,"text":155680},{"id":155813,"depth":111,"text":155814},{"id":155897,"depth":89,"text":155898,"children":156945},[156946,156948,156950,156951],{"id":155901,"depth":111,"text":156947},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156039,"depth":111,"text":156949},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156115,"depth":111,"text":156116},{"id":156250,"depth":111,"text":156952},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156378,"depth":89,"text":156379,"children":156954},[156955,156956,156957,156958],{"id":156387,"depth":111,"text":156388},{"id":156460,"depth":111,"text":156461},{"id":156541,"depth":111,"text":156542},{"id":156629,"depth":111,"text":156630},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":156961},[156962,156963,156965,156966,156967],{"id":156852,"depth":111,"text":156853},{"id":156862,"depth":111,"text":156964},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156872,"depth":111,"text":156873},{"id":156881,"depth":111,"text":156882},{"id":156890,"depth":111,"text":156968},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155080,"description":156970},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156977,"title":156978,"body":156979,"description":159364,"extension":1841,"meta":159365,"navigation":301,"path":159366,"seo":159367,"stem":159368,"__hash__":159369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156980,"toc":159325},[156981,156984,156987,156990,157013,157019,157021,157132,157136,157139,157149,157151,157250,157252,157329,157335,157339,157342,157365,157368,157385,157388,157390,157453,157455,157472,157483,157488,157490,157493,157499,157550,157552,157572,157576,157627,157629,157650,157654,157709,157711,157732,157736,157791,157793,157814,157818,157871,157873,157902,157904,157906,157909,157913,157970,157972,157993,157997,158050,158052,158077,158082,158086,158091,158109,158112,158175,158177,158198,158201,158262,158264,158285,158288,158331,158334,158338,158343,158347,158426,158428,158459,158463,158538,158540,158567,158571,158618,158620,158628,158633,158637,158640,158655,158657,158745,158747,158772,158775,158818,158827,158829,158832,158847,158850,158854,158908,158910,158930,158935,158939,158941,158979,158982,159032,159036,159109,159111,159148,159151,159153,159156,159176,159179,159248,159250,159263,159265,159269,159272,159276,159279,159284,159287,159293,159298,159300,159322],[10,156982,156978],{"id":156983},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156985,156986],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156988,156989],{},"Use this format:",[44,156991,156993],{"className":46,"code":156992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,156994,156995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156996,156997,156999,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156998,48816],{"class":59},[53,157000,338],{"class":67},[53,157002,35938],{"class":59},[53,157004,597],{"class":67},[53,157006,75153],{"class":59},[53,157008,597],{"class":67},[53,157010,75156],{"class":59},[53,157012,86],{"class":67},[14,157014,16,157015,75189,157017,95],{},[18,157016,75153],{},[23,157018,64796],{},[39,157020,1882],{"id":1881},[44,157022,157024],{"className":46,"code":157023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157025,157026,157054,157058,157079,157096,157113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157027,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157029,60],{"class":59},[53,157031,64],{"class":63},[53,157033,9103],{"class":67},[53,157035,539],{"class":71},[53,157037,75],{"class":67},[53,157039,7658],{"class":71},[53,157041,75],{"class":67},[53,157043,7663],{"class":71},[53,157045,75],{"class":67},[53,157047,50707],{"class":71},[53,157049,75],{"class":67},[53,157051,4955],{"class":71},[53,157053,108],{"class":67},[53,157055,157056],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157057,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157059,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157061,115],{"class":114},[53,157063,102],{"class":67},[53,157065,92],{"class":98},[53,157067,338],{"class":67},[53,157069,72],{"class":71},[53,157071,597],{"class":67},[53,157073,105],{"class":71},[53,157075,20310],{"class":67},[53,157077,157078],{"class":127},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[53,157080,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,157082,115],{"class":114},[53,157084,102],{"class":67},[53,157086,92],{"class":98},[53,157088,75262],{"class":67},[53,157090,754],{"class":71},[53,157092,20310],{"class":67},[53,157094,157095],{"class":127},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[53,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,157099,115],{"class":114},[53,157101,102],{"class":67},[53,157103,92],{"class":98},[53,157105,73849],{"class":67},[53,157107,1937],{"class":71},[53,157109,20310],{"class":67},[53,157111,157112],{"class":127},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[53,157114,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,157116,115],{"class":114},[53,157118,102],{"class":67},[53,157120,92],{"class":98},[53,157122,73849],{"class":67},[53,157124,1901],{"class":63},[53,157126,72],{"class":71},[53,157128,20310],{"class":67},[53,157130,157131],{"class":127},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[39,157133,157135],{"id":157134},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157137,157138],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[140,157140,157141,157143,157146],{},[143,157142,75456],{},[143,157144,157145],{},"The result is a new tuple",[143,157147,157148],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157150,235],{},[44,157152,157154],{"className":46,"code":157153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157155,157156,157204,157208,157226,157230,157240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157157,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157159,1411],{"class":59},[53,157161,64],{"class":63},[53,157163,9103],{"class":67},[53,157165,253],{"class":252},[53,157167,183],{"class":256},[53,157169,253],{"class":252},[53,157171,75],{"class":67},[53,157173,264],{"class":252},[53,157175,1453],{"class":256},[53,157177,253],{"class":252},[53,157179,75],{"class":67},[53,157181,264],{"class":252},[53,157183,1428],{"class":256},[53,157185,253],{"class":252},[53,157187,75],{"class":67},[53,157189,264],{"class":252},[53,157191,18632],{"class":256},[53,157193,253],{"class":252},[53,157195,75],{"class":67},[53,157197,264],{"class":252},[53,157199,60173],{"class":256},[53,157201,253],{"class":252},[53,157203,108],{"class":67},[53,157205,157206],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157207,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157209,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157211,75386],{"class":59},[53,157213,64],{"class":63},[53,157215,69823],{"class":59},[53,157217,338],{"class":67},[53,157219,72],{"class":71},[53,157221,597],{"class":67},[53,157223,105],{"class":71},[53,157225,86],{"class":67},[53,157227,157228],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,157229,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157231,157232,157234,157236,157238],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,157233,115],{"class":114},[53,157235,102],{"class":67},[53,157237,75409],{"class":98},[53,157239,108],{"class":67},[53,157241,157242,157244,157246,157248],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,157243,115],{"class":114},[53,157245,102],{"class":67},[53,157247,1437],{"class":98},[53,157249,108],{"class":67},[14,157251,328],{},[44,157253,157255],{"className":46,"code":157254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157256,157257,157285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157258,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157260,102],{"class":67},[53,157262,341],{"class":252},[53,157264,1453],{"class":256},[53,157266,341],{"class":252},[53,157268,75],{"class":67},[53,157270,350],{"class":252},[53,157272,1428],{"class":256},[53,157274,341],{"class":252},[53,157276,75],{"class":67},[53,157278,350],{"class":252},[53,157280,18632],{"class":256},[53,157282,341],{"class":252},[53,157284,108],{"class":67},[53,157286,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157288,102],{"class":67},[53,157290,341],{"class":252},[53,157292,183],{"class":256},[53,157294,341],{"class":252},[53,157296,75],{"class":67},[53,157298,350],{"class":252},[53,157300,1453],{"class":256},[53,157302,341],{"class":252},[53,157304,75],{"class":67},[53,157306,350],{"class":252},[53,157308,1428],{"class":256},[53,157310,341],{"class":252},[53,157312,75],{"class":67},[53,157314,350],{"class":252},[53,157316,18632],{"class":256},[53,157318,341],{"class":252},[53,157320,75],{"class":67},[53,157322,350],{"class":252},[53,157324,60173],{"class":256},[53,157326,341],{"class":252},[53,157328,108],{"class":67},[14,157330,157331,157332,95],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[183,157333,147716],{"href":157334},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[39,157336,157338],{"id":157337},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157340,157341],{},"The full syntax is:",[44,157343,157345],{"className":46,"code":157344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157346,157347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157348,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157350,147734],{"class":59},[53,157352,338],{"class":67},[53,157354,35938],{"class":59},[53,157356,597],{"class":67},[53,157358,75153],{"class":59},[53,157360,597],{"class":67},[53,157362,75156],{"class":59},[53,157364,86],{"class":67},[14,157366,157367],{},"Each part has a job:",[140,157369,157370,157375,157380],{},[143,157371,157372,157374],{},[18,157373,35938],{},": where slicing begins",[143,157376,157377,157379],{},[18,157378,75153],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[143,157381,157382,157384],{},[18,157383,75156],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157386,157387],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157389,235],{},[44,157391,157393],{"className":46,"code":157392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157394,157395,157427,157431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157396,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157398,60],{"class":59},[53,157400,64],{"class":63},[53,157402,9103],{"class":67},[53,157404,539],{"class":71},[53,157406,75],{"class":67},[53,157408,7658],{"class":71},[53,157410,75],{"class":67},[53,157412,7663],{"class":71},[53,157414,75],{"class":67},[53,157416,50707],{"class":71},[53,157418,75],{"class":67},[53,157420,4955],{"class":71},[53,157422,75],{"class":67},[53,157424,75827],{"class":71},[53,157426,108],{"class":67},[53,157428,157429],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157430,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157432,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157434,115],{"class":114},[53,157436,102],{"class":67},[53,157438,92],{"class":98},[53,157440,338],{"class":67},[53,157442,72],{"class":71},[53,157444,597],{"class":67},[53,157446,2017],{"class":71},[53,157448,597],{"class":67},[53,157450,1937],{"class":71},[53,157452,632],{"class":67},[14,157454,328],{},[44,157456,157458],{"className":46,"code":157457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157459,157460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157461,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157463,102],{"class":67},[53,157465,15618],{"class":71},[53,157467,75],{"class":67},[53,157469,50707],{"class":71},[53,157471,108],{"class":67},[14,157473,157474,157475,157477,157478,157480,157481,95],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157476,72],{},", stops before index ",[18,157479,2017],{},", and moves by ",[18,157482,1937],{},[14,157484,157485,157486,95],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[183,157487,149389],{"href":152815},[39,157489,75743],{"id":75742},[14,157491,157492],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[830,157494,157496,157497,1080],{"id":157495},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157498,75757],{},[44,157500,157502],{"className":46,"code":157501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157503,157504,157532,157536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157505,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157507,60],{"class":59},[53,157509,64],{"class":63},[53,157511,9103],{"class":67},[53,157513,539],{"class":71},[53,157515,75],{"class":67},[53,157517,7658],{"class":71},[53,157519,75],{"class":67},[53,157521,7663],{"class":71},[53,157523,75],{"class":67},[53,157525,50707],{"class":71},[53,157527,75],{"class":67},[53,157529,4955],{"class":71},[53,157531,108],{"class":67},[53,157533,157534],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157535,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157537,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157539,115],{"class":114},[53,157541,102],{"class":67},[53,157543,92],{"class":98},[53,157545,75262],{"class":67},[53,157547,754],{"class":71},[53,157549,632],{"class":67},[14,157551,328],{},[44,157553,157554],{"className":46,"code":151081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,157555,157556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157557,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157559,102],{"class":67},[53,157561,539],{"class":71},[53,157563,75],{"class":67},[53,157565,7658],{"class":71},[53,157567,75],{"class":67},[53,157569,7663],{"class":71},[53,157571,108],{"class":67},[830,157573,157575],{"id":157574},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[44,157577,157579],{"className":46,"code":157578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157580,157581,157609,157613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157582,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157584,60],{"class":59},[53,157586,64],{"class":63},[53,157588,9103],{"class":67},[53,157590,539],{"class":71},[53,157592,75],{"class":67},[53,157594,7658],{"class":71},[53,157596,75],{"class":67},[53,157598,7663],{"class":71},[53,157600,75],{"class":67},[53,157602,50707],{"class":71},[53,157604,75],{"class":67},[53,157606,4955],{"class":71},[53,157608,108],{"class":67},[53,157610,157611],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157612,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157614,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157616,115],{"class":114},[53,157618,102],{"class":67},[53,157620,92],{"class":98},[53,157622,338],{"class":67},[53,157624,1937],{"class":71},[53,157626,77443],{"class":67},[14,157628,328],{},[44,157630,157632],{"className":46,"code":157631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157633,157634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157635,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157637,102],{"class":67},[53,157639,36703],{"class":71},[53,157641,75],{"class":67},[53,157643,50707],{"class":71},[53,157645,75],{"class":67},[53,157647,4955],{"class":71},[53,157649,108],{"class":67},[830,157651,157653],{"id":157652},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[44,157655,157657],{"className":46,"code":157656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157658,157659,157687,157691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157660,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157662,60],{"class":59},[53,157664,64],{"class":63},[53,157666,9103],{"class":67},[53,157668,539],{"class":71},[53,157670,75],{"class":67},[53,157672,7658],{"class":71},[53,157674,75],{"class":67},[53,157676,7663],{"class":71},[53,157678,75],{"class":67},[53,157680,50707],{"class":71},[53,157682,75],{"class":67},[53,157684,4955],{"class":71},[53,157686,108],{"class":67},[53,157688,157689],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157690,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157692,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157694,115],{"class":114},[53,157696,102],{"class":67},[53,157698,92],{"class":98},[53,157700,338],{"class":67},[53,157702,72],{"class":71},[53,157704,597],{"class":67},[53,157706,105],{"class":71},[53,157708,632],{"class":67},[14,157710,328],{},[44,157712,157714],{"className":46,"code":157713,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157715,157716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157717,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157719,102],{"class":67},[53,157721,15618],{"class":71},[53,157723,75],{"class":67},[53,157725,7663],{"class":71},[53,157727,75],{"class":67},[53,157729,50707],{"class":71},[53,157731,108],{"class":67},[830,157733,157735],{"id":157734},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[44,157737,157739],{"className":46,"code":157738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157740,157741,157773,157777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157742,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157744,60],{"class":59},[53,157746,64],{"class":63},[53,157748,9103],{"class":67},[53,157750,539],{"class":71},[53,157752,75],{"class":67},[53,157754,7658],{"class":71},[53,157756,75],{"class":67},[53,157758,7663],{"class":71},[53,157760,75],{"class":67},[53,157762,50707],{"class":71},[53,157764,75],{"class":67},[53,157766,4955],{"class":71},[53,157768,75],{"class":67},[53,157770,75827],{"class":71},[53,157772,108],{"class":67},[53,157774,157775],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157776,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157778,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157780,115],{"class":114},[53,157782,102],{"class":67},[53,157784,92],{"class":98},[53,157786,73849],{"class":67},[53,157788,1937],{"class":71},[53,157790,632],{"class":67},[14,157792,328],{},[44,157794,157796],{"className":46,"code":157795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,157797,157798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157799,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157801,102],{"class":67},[53,157803,539],{"class":71},[53,157805,75],{"class":67},[53,157807,7663],{"class":71},[53,157809,75],{"class":67},[53,157811,4955],{"class":71},[53,157813,108],{"class":67},[830,157815,157817],{"id":157816},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[44,157819,157821],{"className":46,"code":157820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,157822,157823,157851,157855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157824,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157826,60],{"class":59},[53,157828,64],{"class":63},[53,157830,9103],{"class":67},[53,157832,539],{"class":71},[53,157834,75],{"class":67},[53,157836,7658],{"class":71},[53,157838,75],{"class":67},[53,157840,7663],{"class":71},[53,157842,75],{"class":67},[53,157844,50707],{"class":71},[53,157846,75],{"class":67},[53,157848,4955],{"class":71},[53,157850,108],{"class":67},[53,157852,157853],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157854,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157856,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157858,115],{"class":114},[53,157860,102],{"class":67},[53,157862,92],{"class":98},[53,157864,73849],{"class":67},[53,157866,1901],{"class":63},[53,157868,72],{"class":71},[53,157870,632],{"class":67},[14,157872,328],{},[44,157874,157876],{"className":46,"code":157875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157877,157878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157879,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157881,102],{"class":67},[53,157883,76521],{"class":71},[53,157885,75],{"class":67},[53,157887,50707],{"class":71},[53,157889,75],{"class":67},[53,157891,7663],{"class":71},[53,157893,75],{"class":67},[53,157895,7658],{"class":71},[53,157897,75],{"class":67},[53,157899,5876],{"class":71},[53,157901,108],{"class":67},[39,157903,76037],{"id":76036},[14,157905,154088],{},[14,157907,157908],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[830,157910,157912],{"id":157911},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[44,157914,157916],{"className":46,"code":157915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,157917,157918,157950,157954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157919,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157921,60],{"class":59},[53,157923,64],{"class":63},[53,157925,9103],{"class":67},[53,157927,539],{"class":71},[53,157929,75],{"class":67},[53,157931,7658],{"class":71},[53,157933,75],{"class":67},[53,157935,7663],{"class":71},[53,157937,75],{"class":67},[53,157939,50707],{"class":71},[53,157941,75],{"class":67},[53,157943,4955],{"class":71},[53,157945,75],{"class":67},[53,157947,75827],{"class":71},[53,157949,108],{"class":67},[53,157951,157952],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,157953,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,157955,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,157957,115],{"class":114},[53,157959,102],{"class":67},[53,157961,92],{"class":98},[53,157963,338],{"class":67},[53,157965,1901],{"class":63},[53,157967,754],{"class":71},[53,157969,77443],{"class":67},[14,157971,328],{},[44,157973,157975],{"className":46,"code":157974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,157976,157977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157980,102],{"class":67},[53,157982,56417],{"class":71},[53,157984,75],{"class":67},[53,157986,4955],{"class":71},[53,157988,75],{"class":67},[53,157990,75827],{"class":71},[53,157992,108],{"class":67},[830,157994,157996],{"id":157995},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[44,157998,158000],{"className":46,"code":157999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158001,158002,158030,158034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158005,60],{"class":59},[53,158007,64],{"class":63},[53,158009,9103],{"class":67},[53,158011,539],{"class":71},[53,158013,75],{"class":67},[53,158015,7658],{"class":71},[53,158017,75],{"class":67},[53,158019,7663],{"class":71},[53,158021,75],{"class":67},[53,158023,50707],{"class":71},[53,158025,75],{"class":67},[53,158027,4955],{"class":71},[53,158029,108],{"class":67},[53,158031,158032],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158033,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158035,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158037,115],{"class":114},[53,158039,102],{"class":67},[53,158041,92],{"class":98},[53,158043,75262],{"class":67},[53,158045,1901],{"class":63},[53,158047,72],{"class":71},[53,158049,632],{"class":67},[14,158051,328],{},[44,158053,158055],{"className":46,"code":158054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158056,158057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158058,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158060,102],{"class":67},[53,158062,539],{"class":71},[53,158064,75],{"class":67},[53,158066,7658],{"class":71},[53,158068,75],{"class":67},[53,158070,7663],{"class":71},[53,158072,75],{"class":67},[53,158074,50707],{"class":71},[53,158076,108],{"class":67},[14,158078,158079,158080,95],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[183,158081,150638],{"href":156972},[39,158083,158085],{"id":158084},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158087,16,158088,158090],{},[18,158089,75156],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[140,158092,158093,158095,158097,158103],{},[143,158094,76293],{},[143,158096,76296],{},[143,158098,158099,158102],{},[18,158100,158101],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[143,158104,158105,158106,158108],{},"A step of ",[18,158107,2000],{}," is not allowed",[14,158110,158111],{},"Example with a positive step:",[44,158113,158115],{"className":46,"code":158114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158116,158117,158149,158153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158118,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158120,60],{"class":59},[53,158122,64],{"class":63},[53,158124,9103],{"class":67},[53,158126,539],{"class":71},[53,158128,75],{"class":67},[53,158130,7658],{"class":71},[53,158132,75],{"class":67},[53,158134,7663],{"class":71},[53,158136,75],{"class":67},[53,158138,50707],{"class":71},[53,158140,75],{"class":67},[53,158142,4955],{"class":71},[53,158144,75],{"class":67},[53,158146,75827],{"class":71},[53,158148,108],{"class":67},[53,158150,158151],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158152,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158154,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158156,115],{"class":114},[53,158158,102],{"class":67},[53,158160,92],{"class":98},[53,158162,338],{"class":67},[53,158164,72],{"class":71},[53,158166,597],{"class":67},[53,158168,80321],{"class":71},[53,158170,597],{"class":67},[53,158172,1937],{"class":71},[53,158174,632],{"class":67},[14,158176,328],{},[44,158178,158180],{"className":46,"code":158179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158181,158182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158183,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158185,102],{"class":67},[53,158187,15618],{"class":71},[53,158189,75],{"class":67},[53,158191,50707],{"class":71},[53,158193,75],{"class":67},[53,158195,75827],{"class":71},[53,158197,108],{"class":67},[14,158199,158200],{},"Example with a negative step:",[44,158202,158204],{"className":46,"code":158203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158205,158206,158234,158238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158207,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158209,60],{"class":59},[53,158211,64],{"class":63},[53,158213,9103],{"class":67},[53,158215,539],{"class":71},[53,158217,75],{"class":67},[53,158219,7658],{"class":71},[53,158221,75],{"class":67},[53,158223,7663],{"class":71},[53,158225,75],{"class":67},[53,158227,50707],{"class":71},[53,158229,75],{"class":67},[53,158231,4955],{"class":71},[53,158233,108],{"class":67},[53,158235,158236],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158237,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158239,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158241,115],{"class":114},[53,158243,102],{"class":67},[53,158245,92],{"class":98},[53,158247,338],{"class":67},[53,158249,105],{"class":71},[53,158251,597],{"class":67},[53,158253,72],{"class":71},[53,158255,597],{"class":67},[53,158257,1901],{"class":63},[53,158259,72],{"class":71},[53,158261,632],{"class":67},[14,158263,328],{},[44,158265,158267],{"className":46,"code":158266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158268,158269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158270,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158272,102],{"class":67},[53,158274,76521],{"class":71},[53,158276,75],{"class":67},[53,158278,50707],{"class":71},[53,158280,75],{"class":67},[53,158282,7663],{"class":71},[53,158284,108],{"class":67},[14,158286,158287],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[44,158289,158291],{"className":46,"code":158290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158292,158293,158313,158317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158294,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158296,60],{"class":59},[53,158298,64],{"class":63},[53,158300,9103],{"class":67},[53,158302,539],{"class":71},[53,158304,75],{"class":67},[53,158306,7658],{"class":71},[53,158308,75],{"class":67},[53,158310,7663],{"class":71},[53,158312,108],{"class":67},[53,158314,158315],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158316,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158320,115],{"class":114},[53,158322,102],{"class":67},[53,158324,92],{"class":98},[53,158326,73849],{"class":67},[53,158328,2000],{"class":71},[53,158330,632],{"class":67},[14,158332,158333],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[39,158335,158337],{"id":158336},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158339,158340,158341,33605],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[23,158342,48816],{},[830,158344,158346],{"id":158345},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[44,158348,158350],{"className":46,"code":158349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158351,158352,158376,158380,158398,158402,158412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158353,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158355,60],{"class":59},[53,158357,64],{"class":63},[53,158359,9103],{"class":67},[53,158361,539],{"class":71},[53,158363,75],{"class":67},[53,158365,7658],{"class":71},[53,158367,75],{"class":67},[53,158369,7663],{"class":71},[53,158371,75],{"class":67},[53,158373,50707],{"class":71},[53,158375,108],{"class":67},[53,158377,158378],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158379,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158381,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158383,276],{"class":59},[53,158385,64],{"class":63},[53,158387,4138],{"class":59},[53,158389,338],{"class":67},[53,158391,72],{"class":71},[53,158393,597],{"class":67},[53,158395,754],{"class":71},[53,158397,86],{"class":67},[53,158399,158400],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,158401,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158403,158404,158406,158408,158410],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,158405,115],{"class":114},[53,158407,102],{"class":67},[53,158409,323],{"class":98},[53,158411,108],{"class":67},[53,158413,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,158415,115],{"class":114},[53,158417,102],{"class":67},[53,158419,3102],{"class":2782},[53,158421,102],{"class":67},[53,158423,323],{"class":98},[53,158425,1907],{"class":67},[14,158427,328],{},[44,158429,158431],{"className":46,"code":158430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158432,158433,158445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158436,102],{"class":67},[53,158438,15618],{"class":71},[53,158440,75],{"class":67},[53,158442,7663],{"class":71},[53,158444,108],{"class":67},[53,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158448,3171],{"class":63},[53,158450,3174],{"class":1945},[53,158452,350],{"class":252},[53,158454,48816],{"class":256},[53,158456,341],{"class":252},[53,158458,3183],{"class":63},[830,158460,158462],{"id":158461},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[44,158464,158466],{"className":46,"code":158465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158467,158468,158488,158492,158510,158514,158524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158469,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158471,60],{"class":59},[53,158473,64],{"class":63},[53,158475,9103],{"class":67},[53,158477,539],{"class":71},[53,158479,75],{"class":67},[53,158481,7658],{"class":71},[53,158483,75],{"class":67},[53,158485,7663],{"class":71},[53,158487,108],{"class":67},[53,158489,158490],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158491,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158495,276],{"class":59},[53,158497,64],{"class":63},[53,158499,4138],{"class":59},[53,158501,338],{"class":67},[53,158503,72],{"class":71},[53,158505,597],{"class":67},[53,158507,1937],{"class":71},[53,158509,86],{"class":67},[53,158511,158512],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,158513,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158515,158516,158518,158520,158522],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,158517,115],{"class":114},[53,158519,102],{"class":67},[53,158521,323],{"class":98},[53,158523,108],{"class":67},[53,158525,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,158527,115],{"class":114},[53,158529,102],{"class":67},[53,158531,3102],{"class":2782},[53,158533,102],{"class":67},[53,158535,323],{"class":98},[53,158537,1907],{"class":67},[14,158539,328],{},[44,158541,158543],{"className":46,"code":158542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158544,158545,158553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158546,158547,158549,158551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158548,102],{"class":67},[53,158550,15618],{"class":71},[53,158552,149072],{"class":67},[53,158554,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158556,3171],{"class":63},[53,158558,3174],{"class":1945},[53,158560,350],{"class":252},[53,158562,48816],{"class":256},[53,158564,341],{"class":252},[53,158566,3183],{"class":63},[830,158568,158570],{"id":158569},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[44,158572,158574],{"className":46,"code":158573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158575,158576,158596,158600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158577,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158579,60],{"class":59},[53,158581,64],{"class":63},[53,158583,9103],{"class":67},[53,158585,539],{"class":71},[53,158587,75],{"class":67},[53,158589,7658],{"class":71},[53,158591,75],{"class":67},[53,158593,7663],{"class":71},[53,158595,108],{"class":67},[53,158597,158598],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158599,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158601,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158603,115],{"class":114},[53,158605,102],{"class":67},[53,158607,92],{"class":98},[53,158609,338],{"class":67},[53,158611,2017],{"class":71},[53,158613,597],{"class":67},[53,158615,2224],{"class":71},[53,158617,632],{"class":67},[14,158619,328],{},[44,158621,158622],{"className":46,"code":8510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,158623,158624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158625,158626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158627,8510],{"class":67},[14,158629,158630,158631,95],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[183,158632,155808],{"href":150695},[39,158634,158636],{"id":158635},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158638,158639],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[140,158641,158642,158644,158647,158652],{},[143,158643,76602],{},[143,158645,158646],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[143,158648,158649,158650],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158651,70458],{},[143,158653,158654],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158656,235],{},[44,158658,158660],{"className":46,"code":158659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158661,158662,158682,158686,158703,158724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158663,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158665,60],{"class":59},[53,158667,64],{"class":63},[53,158669,9103],{"class":67},[53,158671,539],{"class":71},[53,158673,75],{"class":67},[53,158675,7658],{"class":71},[53,158677,75],{"class":67},[53,158679,7663],{"class":71},[53,158681,108],{"class":67},[53,158683,158684],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158685,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158687,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158689,115],{"class":114},[53,158691,102],{"class":67},[53,158693,92],{"class":98},[53,158695,338],{"class":67},[53,158697,72],{"class":71},[53,158699,20310],{"class":67},[53,158701,158702],{"class":127},"    # one item\n",[53,158704,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,158706,115],{"class":114},[53,158708,102],{"class":67},[53,158710,92],{"class":98},[53,158712,338],{"class":67},[53,158714,72],{"class":71},[53,158716,597],{"class":67},[53,158718,2017],{"class":71},[53,158720,20310],{"class":67},[53,158722,158723],{"class":127},"  # slice\n",[53,158725,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,158727,115],{"class":114},[53,158729,102],{"class":67},[53,158731,92],{"class":98},[53,158733,338],{"class":67},[53,158735,2017],{"class":71},[53,158737,597],{"class":67},[53,158739,2224],{"class":71},[53,158741,20310],{"class":67},[53,158743,158744],{"class":127},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158746,328],{},[44,158748,158750],{"className":46,"code":158749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158751,158752,158756,158768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158753,158754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158755,70951],{"class":71},[53,158757,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158759,102],{"class":67},[53,158761,15618],{"class":71},[53,158763,75],{"class":67},[53,158765,7663],{"class":71},[53,158767,108],{"class":67},[53,158769,158770],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158771,8510],{"class":67},[14,158773,158774],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[44,158776,158778],{"className":46,"code":158777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158779,158780,158800,158804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158781,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158783,60],{"class":59},[53,158785,64],{"class":63},[53,158787,9103],{"class":67},[53,158789,539],{"class":71},[53,158791,75],{"class":67},[53,158793,7658],{"class":71},[53,158795,75],{"class":67},[53,158797,7663],{"class":71},[53,158799,108],{"class":67},[53,158801,158802],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158803,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158805,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158807,115],{"class":114},[53,158809,102],{"class":67},[53,158811,92],{"class":98},[53,158813,338],{"class":67},[53,158815,2017],{"class":71},[53,158817,632],{"class":67},[14,158819,158820,158821,158823,158824,95],{},"This raises an ",[18,158822,70458],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[183,158825,154561],{"href":158826},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[39,158828,15040],{"id":76869},[14,158830,158831],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[140,158833,158834,158837,158839,158842],{},[143,158835,158836],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[143,158838,60418],{},[143,158840,158841],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[143,158843,158844,158845],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,158846,2000],{},[14,158848,158849],{},"Here are a few examples.",[830,158851,158853],{"id":158852},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[44,158855,158856],{"className":46,"code":157656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,158857,158858,158886,158890],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158859,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158861,60],{"class":59},[53,158863,64],{"class":63},[53,158865,9103],{"class":67},[53,158867,539],{"class":71},[53,158869,75],{"class":67},[53,158871,7658],{"class":71},[53,158873,75],{"class":67},[53,158875,7663],{"class":71},[53,158877,75],{"class":67},[53,158879,50707],{"class":71},[53,158881,75],{"class":67},[53,158883,4955],{"class":71},[53,158885,108],{"class":67},[53,158887,158888],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158889,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158891,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158893,115],{"class":114},[53,158895,102],{"class":67},[53,158897,92],{"class":98},[53,158899,338],{"class":67},[53,158901,72],{"class":71},[53,158903,597],{"class":67},[53,158905,105],{"class":71},[53,158907,632],{"class":67},[14,158909,328],{},[44,158911,158912],{"className":46,"code":157713,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,158913,158914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158915,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158917,102],{"class":67},[53,158919,15618],{"class":71},[53,158921,75],{"class":67},[53,158923,7663],{"class":71},[53,158925,75],{"class":67},[53,158927,50707],{"class":71},[53,158929,108],{"class":67},[14,158931,132140,158932,158934],{},[18,158933,105],{}," is not included.",[830,158936,158938],{"id":158937},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158940,4400],{},[44,158942,158944],{"className":46,"code":158943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,158945,158946,158970,158974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158949,60],{"class":59},[53,158951,64],{"class":63},[53,158953,9103],{"class":67},[53,158955,539],{"class":71},[53,158957,75],{"class":67},[53,158959,7658],{"class":71},[53,158961,75],{"class":67},[53,158963,7663],{"class":71},[53,158965,75],{"class":67},[53,158967,50707],{"class":71},[53,158969,108],{"class":67},[53,158971,158972],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,158973,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,158975,158976],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,158977,158978],{"class":127},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158980,158981],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[44,158983,158984],{"className":46,"code":154641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,158985,158986,159010,159014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158987,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158989,60],{"class":59},[53,158991,64],{"class":63},[53,158993,9103],{"class":67},[53,158995,539],{"class":71},[53,158997,75],{"class":67},[53,158999,7658],{"class":71},[53,159001,75],{"class":67},[53,159003,7663],{"class":71},[53,159005,75],{"class":67},[53,159007,50707],{"class":71},[53,159009,108],{"class":67},[53,159011,159012],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159013,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159015,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159017,115],{"class":114},[53,159019,102],{"class":67},[53,159021,92],{"class":98},[53,159023,338],{"class":67},[53,159025,72],{"class":71},[53,159027,597],{"class":67},[53,159029,754],{"class":71},[53,159031,632],{"class":67},[830,159033,159035],{"id":159034},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[44,159037,159039],{"className":46,"code":159038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159040,159041,159065,159069,159084,159088,159099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159042,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159044,60],{"class":59},[53,159046,64],{"class":63},[53,159048,9103],{"class":67},[53,159050,539],{"class":71},[53,159052,75],{"class":67},[53,159054,7658],{"class":71},[53,159056,75],{"class":67},[53,159058,7663],{"class":71},[53,159060,75],{"class":67},[53,159062,50707],{"class":71},[53,159064,108],{"class":67},[53,159066,159067],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159068,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159070,159071,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159072,159073],{"class":59},"slice_result ",[53,159075,64],{"class":63},[53,159077,4138],{"class":59},[53,159079,75262],{"class":67},[53,159081,1937],{"class":71},[53,159083,86],{"class":67},[53,159085,159086],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159087,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159089,159090,159092,159094,159097],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,159091,115],{"class":114},[53,159093,102],{"class":67},[53,159095,159096],{"class":98},"slice_result",[53,159098,108],{"class":67},[53,159100,159101,159103,159105,159107],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,159102,115],{"class":114},[53,159104,102],{"class":67},[53,159106,92],{"class":98},[53,159108,108],{"class":67},[14,159110,328],{},[44,159112,159114],{"className":46,"code":159113,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159115,159116,159128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159117,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159119,102],{"class":67},[53,159121,539],{"class":71},[53,159123,75],{"class":67},[53,159125,7658],{"class":71},[53,159127,108],{"class":67},[53,159129,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159131,102],{"class":67},[53,159133,539],{"class":71},[53,159135,75],{"class":67},[53,159137,7658],{"class":71},[53,159139,75],{"class":67},[53,159141,7663],{"class":71},[53,159143,75],{"class":67},[53,159145,50707],{"class":71},[53,159147,108],{"class":67},[14,159149,159150],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[39,159152,113454],{"id":113453},[14,159154,159155],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[140,159157,159158,159161,159164,159170,159173],{},[143,159159,159160],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[143,159162,159163],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[143,159165,159166,159167],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159168,159169],{},"tuple[::0]",[143,159171,159172],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[143,159174,159175],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159177,159178],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[44,159180,159182],{"className":46,"code":159181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159183,159184,159194,159212,159234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159185,159186,159188,159190,159192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159187,115],{"class":114},[53,159189,102],{"class":67},[53,159191,147734],{"class":98},[53,159193,108],{"class":67},[53,159195,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159197,115],{"class":114},[53,159199,102],{"class":67},[53,159201,147734],{"class":98},[53,159203,338],{"class":67},[53,159205,72],{"class":71},[53,159207,597],{"class":67},[53,159209,105],{"class":71},[53,159211,632],{"class":67},[53,159213,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159215,115],{"class":114},[53,159217,102],{"class":67},[53,159219,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159221,102],{"class":67},[53,159223,147734],{"class":98},[53,159225,338],{"class":67},[53,159227,72],{"class":71},[53,159229,597],{"class":67},[53,159231,105],{"class":71},[53,159233,2879],{"class":67},[53,159235,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159237,115],{"class":114},[53,159239,102],{"class":67},[53,159241,11029],{"class":114},[53,159243,102],{"class":67},[53,159245,147734],{"class":98},[53,159247,1907],{"class":67},[14,159249,11038],{},[140,159251,159252,159254,159257,159260],{},[143,159253,154948],{},[143,159255,159256],{},"what the slice actually returns",[143,159258,159259],{},"that the result is a tuple",[143,159261,159262],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[39,159264,1650],{"id":1649},[830,159266,159268],{"id":159267},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159270,159271],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[830,159273,159275],{"id":159274},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159277,159278],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[830,159280,5017,159282,39823],{"id":159281},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159283,158101],{},[14,159285,159286],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[830,159288,159290,159291,2370],{"id":159289},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159292,70458],{},[14,159294,159295,159296,95],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159297,70458],{},[39,159299,1782],{"id":1781},[140,159301,159302,159306,159310,159314,159318],{},[143,159303,159304],{},[183,159305,155808],{"href":150695},[143,159307,159308],{},[183,159309,149389],{"href":152815},[143,159311,159312],{},[183,159313,150638],{"href":156972},[143,159315,159316],{},[183,159317,147716],{"href":157334},[143,159319,159320],{},[183,159321,154561],{"href":158826},[1810,159323,159324],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":159326},[159327,159328,159329,159330,159338,159342,159343,159348,159349,159354,159355,159363],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":157134,"depth":89,"text":157135},{"id":157337,"depth":89,"text":157338},{"id":75742,"depth":89,"text":75743,"children":159331},[159332,159334,159335,159336,159337],{"id":157495,"depth":111,"text":159333},"Get the first n items",{"id":157574,"depth":111,"text":157575},{"id":157652,"depth":111,"text":157653},{"id":157734,"depth":111,"text":157735},{"id":157816,"depth":111,"text":157817},{"id":76036,"depth":89,"text":76037,"children":159339},[159340,159341],{"id":157911,"depth":111,"text":157912},{"id":157995,"depth":111,"text":157996},{"id":158084,"depth":89,"text":158085},{"id":158336,"depth":89,"text":158337,"children":159344},[159345,159346,159347],{"id":158345,"depth":111,"text":158346},{"id":158461,"depth":111,"text":158462},{"id":158569,"depth":111,"text":158570},{"id":158635,"depth":89,"text":158636},{"id":76869,"depth":89,"text":15040,"children":159350},[159351,159352,159353],{"id":158852,"depth":111,"text":158853},{"id":158937,"depth":111,"text":158938},{"id":159034,"depth":111,"text":159035},{"id":113453,"depth":89,"text":113454},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":159356},[159357,159358,159359,159361],{"id":159267,"depth":111,"text":159268},{"id":159274,"depth":111,"text":159275},{"id":159281,"depth":111,"text":159360},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159289,"depth":111,"text":159362},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156978,"description":159364},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159371,"title":159372,"body":159373,"description":161196,"extension":1841,"meta":161197,"navigation":301,"path":34672,"seo":161198,"stem":161199,"__hash__":161200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159374,"toc":161162},[159375,159380,159385,159389,159407,159410,159425,159431,159433,159490,159492,159524,159536,159542,159547,159550,159585,159591,159593,159596,159610,159613,159615,159638,159640,159658,159661,159677,159679,159682,159795,159797,159886,159889,159894,159900,159903,159906,160005,160007,160066,160071,160074,160143,160147,160179,160195,160200,160207,160214,160226,160228,160277,160279,160302,160308,160356,160361,160368,160376,160382,160385,160409,160412,160414,160490,160492,160517,160523,160526,160531,160535,160549,160551,160614,160616,160648,160651,160667,160669,160675,160682,160684,160703,160705,160723,160730,160735,160742,160744,160781,160784,160791,160795,160798,160856,160859,160862,160917,160919,160931,160937,160939,160943,160976,160983,160985,161048,161051,161053,161058,161072,161079,161087,161096,161105,161111,161117,161119,161159],[10,159376,3457,159378,3461],{"id":159377},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159379,2181],{},[14,159381,32181,159382,159384],{},[18,159383,2181],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159386,62493,159387,104298],{},[18,159388,2181],{},[140,159390,159391,159394,159397,159400],{},[143,159392,159393],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[143,159395,159396],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[143,159398,159399],{},"debug confusing code",[143,159401,159402,159403],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[183,159404,159405],{"href":8087},[18,159406,2839],{},[14,159408,159409],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[44,159411,159413],{"className":46,"code":159412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(object)\n",[18,159414,159415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159418,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159420,102],{"class":67},[53,159422,42261],{"class":2782},[53,159424,108],{"class":67},[14,159426,159427,159428,159430],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159429,2181],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[39,159432,42],{"id":41},[44,159434,159436],{"className":46,"code":159435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159437,159438,159450,159464,159468,159476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159439,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159441,7743],{"class":59},[53,159443,64],{"class":63},[53,159445,264],{"class":252},[53,159447,4878],{"class":256},[53,159449,3239],{"class":252},[53,159451,159452,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159453,115],{"class":114},[53,159455,102],{"class":67},[53,159457,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159459,102],{"class":67},[53,159461,592],{"class":98},[53,159463,1907],{"class":67},[53,159465,159466],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159467,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159469,159470,159472,159474],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159471,1594],{"class":59},[53,159473,64],{"class":63},[53,159475,2465],{"class":71},[53,159477,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,159479,115],{"class":114},[53,159481,102],{"class":67},[53,159483,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159485,102],{"class":67},[53,159487,2120],{"class":98},[53,159489,1907],{"class":67},[14,159491,328],{},[44,159493,159494],{"className":46,"code":124801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,159495,159496,159510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159499,3171],{"class":63},[53,159501,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159503,350],{"class":252},[53,159505,3324],{"class":256},[53,159507,341],{"class":252},[53,159509,3183],{"class":63},[53,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159513,3171],{"class":63},[53,159515,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159517,350],{"class":252},[53,159519,2071],{"class":256},[53,159521,341],{"class":252},[53,159523,3183],{"class":63},[14,159525,131,159526,159529,159530,4269,159533,95],{},[18,159527,159528],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159531,159532],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159534,159535],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[39,159537,12863,159539,159541],{"id":159538},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159540,2181],{}," function does",[14,159543,159544,159546],{},[18,159545,2181],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159548,159549],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[140,159551,159552,159557,159562,159567,159572,159577],{},[143,159553,159554,159556],{},[18,159555,3324],{}," for text",[143,159558,159559,159561],{},[18,159560,2071],{}," for whole numbers",[143,159563,159564,159566],{},[18,159565,2075],{}," for decimal numbers",[143,159568,159569,159571],{},[18,159570,7961],{}," for lists",[143,159573,159574,159576],{},[18,159575,8689],{}," for dictionaries",[143,159578,159579,68822,159581,4269,159583],{},[18,159580,3746],{},[18,159582,573],{},[18,159584,3552],{},[14,159586,159587,159588,159590],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159589,2181],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[39,159592,2039],{"id":2038},[14,159594,159595],{},"The main beginner form is:",[44,159597,159598],{"className":46,"code":159412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,159599,159600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159601,159602,159604,159606,159608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159603,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159605,102],{"class":67},[53,159607,42261],{"class":2782},[53,159609,108],{"class":67},[14,159611,159612],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159614,235],{},[44,159616,159618],{"className":46,"code":159617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159619,159620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159621,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634,159636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159623,115],{"class":114},[53,159625,102],{"class":67},[53,159627,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159629,102],{"class":67},[53,159631,253],{"class":252},[53,159633,556],{"class":256},[53,159635,253],{"class":252},[53,159637,1907],{"class":67},[14,159639,328],{},[44,159641,159642],{"className":46,"code":45633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,159643,159644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159645,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159647,3171],{"class":63},[53,159649,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159651,350],{"class":252},[53,159653,3324],{"class":256},[53,159655,341],{"class":252},[53,159657,3183],{"class":63},[14,159659,159660],{},"You can pass either:",[140,159662,159663,159670],{},[143,159664,159665,159666,2758,159668],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159667,64261],{},[18,159669,46388],{},[143,159671,159672,159673,2758,159675],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159674,592],{},[18,159676,9166],{},[39,159678,121613],{"id":121612},[14,159680,159681],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[44,159683,159685],{"className":46,"code":159684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159686,159687,159705,159719,159733,159755,159781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159688,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701,159703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159690,115],{"class":114},[53,159692,102],{"class":67},[53,159694,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159696,102],{"class":67},[53,159698,253],{"class":252},[53,159700,556],{"class":256},[53,159702,253],{"class":252},[53,159704,1907],{"class":67},[53,159706,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159708,115],{"class":114},[53,159710,102],{"class":67},[53,159712,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159714,102],{"class":67},[53,159716,539],{"class":71},[53,159718,1907],{"class":67},[53,159720,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159722,115],{"class":114},[53,159724,102],{"class":67},[53,159726,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159728,102],{"class":67},[53,159730,40006],{"class":71},[53,159732,1907],{"class":67},[53,159734,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159736,115],{"class":114},[53,159738,102],{"class":67},[53,159740,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159742,619],{"class":67},[53,159744,72],{"class":71},[53,159746,75],{"class":67},[53,159748,78],{"class":71},[53,159750,75],{"class":67},[53,159752,83],{"class":71},[53,159754,2879],{"class":67},[53,159756,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,159758,115],{"class":114},[53,159760,102],{"class":67},[53,159762,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159764,587],{"class":67},[53,159766,253],{"class":252},[53,159768,592],{"class":256},[53,159770,253],{"class":252},[53,159772,597],{"class":67},[53,159774,264],{"class":252},[53,159776,4878],{"class":256},[53,159778,253],{"class":252},[53,159780,5411],{"class":67},[53,159782,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,159784,115],{"class":114},[53,159786,102],{"class":67},[53,159788,3102],{"class":2782},[53,159790,102],{"class":67},[53,159792,573],{"class":369},[53,159794,1907],{"class":67},[14,159796,328],{},[44,159798,159800],{"className":46,"code":159799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,159801,159802,159816,159830,159844,159858,159872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159805,3171],{"class":63},[53,159807,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159809,350],{"class":252},[53,159811,3324],{"class":256},[53,159813,341],{"class":252},[53,159815,3183],{"class":63},[53,159817,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159819,3171],{"class":63},[53,159821,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159823,350],{"class":252},[53,159825,2071],{"class":256},[53,159827,341],{"class":252},[53,159829,3183],{"class":63},[53,159831,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159833,3171],{"class":63},[53,159835,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159837,350],{"class":252},[53,159839,2075],{"class":256},[53,159841,341],{"class":252},[53,159843,3183],{"class":63},[53,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159847,3171],{"class":63},[53,159849,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159851,350],{"class":252},[53,159853,7961],{"class":256},[53,159855,341],{"class":252},[53,159857,3183],{"class":63},[53,159859,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,159861,3171],{"class":63},[53,159863,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159865,350],{"class":252},[53,159867,8689],{"class":256},[53,159869,341],{"class":252},[53,159871,3183],{"class":63},[53,159873,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,159875,3171],{"class":63},[53,159877,3174],{"class":1945},[53,159879,350],{"class":252},[53,159881,3746],{"class":256},[53,159883,341],{"class":252},[53,159885,3183],{"class":63},[14,159887,159888],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159890,159891,159892,95],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[183,159893,44660],{"href":48841},[39,159895,833,159897,159899],{"id":159896},"using-type-with-variables",[18,159898,2181],{}," with variables",[14,159901,159902],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159904,159905],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[44,159907,159909],{"className":46,"code":159908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,159910,159911,159919,159937,159941,159953,159971,159975,159987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159912,159913,159915,159917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159914,2325],{"class":59},[53,159916,64],{"class":63},[53,159918,2465],{"class":71},[53,159920,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,159922,115],{"class":114},[53,159924,102],{"class":67},[53,159926,2350],{"class":98},[53,159928,75],{"class":67},[53,159930,49253],{"class":2782},[53,159932,102],{"class":67},[53,159934,2350],{"class":98},[53,159936,1907],{"class":67},[53,159938,159939],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,159940,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159942,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,159944,2325],{"class":59},[53,159946,64],{"class":63},[53,159948,264],{"class":252},[53,159950,45770],{"class":256},[53,159952,3239],{"class":252},[53,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,159956,115],{"class":114},[53,159958,102],{"class":67},[53,159960,2350],{"class":98},[53,159962,75],{"class":67},[53,159964,49253],{"class":2782},[53,159966,102],{"class":67},[53,159968,2350],{"class":98},[53,159970,1907],{"class":67},[53,159972,159973],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,159974,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,159976,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,159978,2325],{"class":59},[53,159980,64],{"class":63},[53,159982,68],{"class":67},[53,159984,539],{"class":71},[53,159986,86],{"class":67},[53,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003],{"class":55,"line":635},[53,159990,115],{"class":114},[53,159992,102],{"class":67},[53,159994,2350],{"class":98},[53,159996,75],{"class":67},[53,159998,49253],{"class":2782},[53,160000,102],{"class":67},[53,160002,2350],{"class":98},[53,160004,1907],{"class":67},[14,160006,328],{},[44,160008,160010],{"className":46,"code":160009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160011,160012,160029,160046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160013,160014,160016,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160015,539],{"class":71},[53,160017,160018],{"class":63}," \u003C",[53,160020,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160022,350],{"class":252},[53,160024,2071],{"class":256},[53,160026,341],{"class":252},[53,160028,3183],{"class":63},[53,160030,160031,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160032,160033],{"class":59},"ten ",[53,160035,3171],{"class":63},[53,160037,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160039,350],{"class":252},[53,160041,3324],{"class":256},[53,160043,341],{"class":252},[53,160045,3183],{"class":63},[53,160047,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160049,338],{"class":67},[53,160051,539],{"class":71},[53,160053,13138],{"class":67},[53,160055,160018],{"class":63},[53,160057,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160059,350],{"class":252},[53,160061,7961],{"class":256},[53,160063,341],{"class":252},[53,160065,3183],{"class":63},[14,160067,160068,160070],{},[18,160069,2181],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160072,160073],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[44,160075,160077],{"className":46,"code":160076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160078,160079,160097,160111,160115,160129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160082,3272],{"class":59},[53,160084,64],{"class":63},[53,160086,8110],{"class":114},[53,160088,102],{"class":67},[53,160090,253],{"class":252},[53,160092,41734],{"class":256},[53,160094,253],{"class":252},[53,160096,108],{"class":67},[53,160098,160099,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160100,115],{"class":114},[53,160102,102],{"class":67},[53,160104,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160106,102],{"class":67},[53,160108,3298],{"class":98},[53,160110,1907],{"class":67},[53,160112,160113],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160114,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160118,122725],{"class":59},[53,160120,64],{"class":63},[53,160122,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160124,102],{"class":67},[53,160126,3298],{"class":98},[53,160128,108],{"class":67},[53,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,160132,115],{"class":114},[53,160134,102],{"class":67},[53,160136,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160138,102],{"class":67},[53,160140,122748],{"class":98},[53,160142,1907],{"class":67},[14,160144,40983,160145,40987],{},[18,160146,9061],{},[44,160148,160149],{"className":46,"code":124801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,160150,160151,160165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160152,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160154,3171],{"class":63},[53,160156,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160158,350],{"class":252},[53,160160,3324],{"class":256},[53,160162,341],{"class":252},[53,160164,3183],{"class":63},[53,160166,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160168,3171],{"class":63},[53,160170,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160172,350],{"class":252},[53,160174,2071],{"class":256},[53,160176,341],{"class":252},[53,160178,3183],{"class":63},[14,160180,45566,160181,160185,160186,2758,160190,160194],{},[183,160182,160183],{"href":8087},[18,160184,2839],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[183,160187,160188],{"href":2754},[18,160189,2757],{},[183,160191,160192],{"href":2761},[18,160193,2764],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160196,160197,160198,95],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[183,160199,8849],{"href":8848},[39,160201,160203,10452,160205],{"id":160202},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160204,2181],{},[18,160206,44668],{},[14,160208,160209,4269,160211,160213],{},[18,160210,2181],{},[18,160212,44668],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[140,160215,160216,160221],{},[143,160217,160218,160220],{},[18,160219,2181],{}," tells you the exact type",[143,160222,160223,160225],{},[18,160224,44668],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160227,235],{},[44,160229,160231],{"className":46,"code":160230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160232,160233,160241,160245,160259],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160234,160235,160237,160239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160236,2325],{"class":59},[53,160238,64],{"class":63},[53,160240,34706],{"class":71},[53,160242,160243],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160244,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160246,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160248,115],{"class":114},[53,160250,102],{"class":67},[53,160252,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160254,102],{"class":67},[53,160256,2350],{"class":98},[53,160258,1907],{"class":67},[53,160260,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271,160273,160275],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160262,115],{"class":114},[53,160264,102],{"class":67},[53,160266,48738],{"class":114},[53,160268,102],{"class":67},[53,160270,2350],{"class":98},[53,160272,75],{"class":67},[53,160274,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160276,1907],{"class":67},[14,160278,328],{},[44,160280,160282],{"className":46,"code":160281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160283,160284,160298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160285,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160287,3171],{"class":63},[53,160289,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160291,350],{"class":252},[53,160293,2071],{"class":256},[53,160295,341],{"class":252},[53,160297,3183],{"class":63},[53,160299,160300],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160301,3855],{"class":369},[14,160303,160304,160305,160307],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160306,44668],{}," is more practical.",[44,160309,160311],{"className":46,"code":160310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160312,160313,160321,160325,160341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160314,160315,160317,160319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160316,2325],{"class":59},[53,160318,64],{"class":63},[53,160320,34706],{"class":71},[53,160322,160323],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160324,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160328,6867],{"class":1558},[53,160330,49476],{"class":114},[53,160332,102],{"class":67},[53,160334,2350],{"class":98},[53,160336,75],{"class":67},[53,160338,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160340,1580],{"class":67},[53,160342,160343,160345,160347,160349,160352,160354],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160344,7936],{"class":114},[53,160346,102],{"class":67},[53,160348,253],{"class":252},[53,160350,160351],{"class":256},"This is an integer",[53,160353,253],{"class":252},[53,160355,108],{"class":67},[14,160357,131,160358,160360],{},[18,160359,2181],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160362,131,160363,160365,160366,7042],{},[18,160364,44668],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160367,6867],{},[14,160369,160370,160371,95],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[183,160372,3457,160374,3390],{"href":160373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160375,44668],{},[39,160377,160379,160380],{"id":160378},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160381,2181],{},[14,160383,160384],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[44,160386,160388],{"className":46,"code":160387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160389,160390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160391,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400,160403,160405,160407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160393,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160395,102],{"class":67},[53,160397,592],{"class":98},[53,160399,75],{"class":67},[53,160401,160402],{"class":98}," bases",[53,160404,75],{"class":67},[53,160406,9038],{"class":2782},[53,160408,108],{"class":67},[14,160410,160411],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160413,235],{},[44,160415,160417],{"className":46,"code":160416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160418,160419,160462,160466,160476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160420,160421,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160435,160437,160439,160442,160444,160446,160449,160451,160453,160455,160458,160460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160422,160423],{"class":59},"Person ",[53,160425,64],{"class":63},[53,160427,49253],{"class":2782},[53,160429,102],{"class":67},[53,160431,253],{"class":252},[53,160433,160434],{"class":256},"Person",[53,160436,253],{"class":252},[53,160438,75],{"class":67},[53,160440,160441],{"class":67}," (),",[53,160443,679],{"class":67},[53,160445,253],{"class":252},[53,160447,160448],{"class":256},"species",[53,160450,253],{"class":252},[53,160452,597],{"class":67},[53,160454,264],{"class":252},[53,160456,160457],{"class":256},"human",[53,160459,253],{"class":252},[53,160461,607],{"class":67},[53,160463,160464],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160465,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160467,160468,160470,160472,160474],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160469,115],{"class":114},[53,160471,102],{"class":67},[53,160473,160434],{"class":98},[53,160475,108],{"class":67},[53,160477,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160479,115],{"class":114},[53,160481,102],{"class":67},[53,160483,160434],{"class":98},[53,160485,95],{"class":67},[53,160487,160448],{"class":24615},[53,160489,108],{"class":67},[14,160491,328],{},[44,160493,160495],{"className":46,"code":160494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160496,160497,160512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160498,160499,160501,160503,160505,160508,160510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160500,3171],{"class":63},[53,160502,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160504,350],{"class":252},[53,160506,160507],{"class":256},"__main__.Person",[53,160509,341],{"class":252},[53,160511,3183],{"class":63},[53,160513,160514],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160515,160516],{"class":59},"human\n",[14,160518,160519,160520,160522],{},"Most beginners do ",[23,160521,36],{}," need this form.",[14,160524,160525],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[39,160527,4835,160529],{"id":160528},"when-to-use-type",[18,160530,2181],{},[14,160532,160533,12310],{},[18,160534,2181],{},[140,160536,160537,160540,160543,160546],{},[143,160538,160539],{},"debug unexpected values",[143,160541,160542],{},"check what a conversion produced",[143,160544,160545],{},"learn Python data types",[143,160547,160548],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160550,5345],{},[44,160552,160554],{"className":46,"code":160553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160555,160556,160568,160582,160586,160600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160557,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160559,34551],{"class":59},[53,160561,64],{"class":63},[53,160563,264],{"class":252},[53,160565,50109],{"class":256},[53,160567,3239],{"class":252},[53,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160571,1594],{"class":59},[53,160573,64],{"class":63},[53,160575,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160577,102],{"class":67},[53,160579,34572],{"class":98},[53,160581,108],{"class":67},[53,160583,160584],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160585,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160587,160588,160590,160592,160594,160596,160598],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160589,115],{"class":114},[53,160591,102],{"class":67},[53,160593,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160595,102],{"class":67},[53,160597,34572],{"class":98},[53,160599,1907],{"class":67},[53,160601,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610,160612],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,160603,115],{"class":114},[53,160605,102],{"class":67},[53,160607,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160609,102],{"class":67},[53,160611,2120],{"class":98},[53,160613,1907],{"class":67},[14,160615,328],{},[44,160617,160618],{"className":46,"code":124801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,160619,160620,160634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160621,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160623,3171],{"class":63},[53,160625,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160627,350],{"class":252},[53,160629,3324],{"class":256},[53,160631,341],{"class":252},[53,160633,3183],{"class":63},[53,160635,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160637,3171],{"class":63},[53,160639,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160641,350],{"class":252},[53,160643,2071],{"class":256},[53,160645,341],{"class":252},[53,160647,3183],{"class":63},[14,160649,160650],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160652,160653,160654,2072,160658,16937,160662,160666],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[183,160655,160656],{"href":42037},[18,160657,47546],{},[183,160659,160660],{"href":2754},[18,160661,2757],{},[183,160663,160664],{"href":2761},[18,160665,2764],{}," are often the next step.",[39,160668,25223],{"id":25222},[14,160670,160671,160672,160674],{},"A few things about ",[18,160673,2181],{}," often confuse beginners.",[830,160676,160678,160681],{"id":160677},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160679,160680],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160683,64370],{},[44,160685,160687],{"className":46,"code":160686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160688,160689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160692,115],{"class":114},[53,160694,102],{"class":67},[53,160696,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160698,102],{"class":67},[53,160700,2017],{"class":71},[53,160702,1907],{"class":67},[14,160704,122644],{},[44,160706,160707],{"className":46,"code":156156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,160708,160709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160710,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160712,3171],{"class":63},[53,160714,3174],{"class":1945},[53,160716,350],{"class":252},[53,160718,2071],{"class":256},[53,160720,341],{"class":252},[53,160722,3183],{"class":63},[14,160724,40768,160725,160727,160728,95],{},[23,160726,36],{}," print just ",[18,160729,2071],{},[14,160731,6546,160732,160734],{},[18,160733,2181],{}," returns a class object.",[830,160736,160738,1129,160740],{"id":160737},"input-returns-str",[18,160739,2839],{},[18,160741,3324],{},[14,160743,79269],{},[44,160745,160747],{"className":46,"code":160746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160748,160749,160767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160750,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160752,2325],{"class":59},[53,160754,64],{"class":63},[53,160756,8110],{"class":114},[53,160758,102],{"class":67},[53,160760,253],{"class":252},[53,160762,46173],{"class":256},[53,160764,253],{"class":252},[53,160766,108],{"class":67},[53,160768,160769,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160770,115],{"class":114},[53,160772,102],{"class":67},[53,160774,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160776,102],{"class":67},[53,160778,2350],{"class":98},[53,160780,1907],{"class":67},[14,160782,160783],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160785,160786,160787,2758,160789,95],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,160788,2757],{},[18,160790,2764],{},[830,160792,160794],{"id":160793},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160796,160797],{},"Avoid code like this:",[44,160799,160801],{"className":46,"code":160800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,160802,160803,160811,160815,160841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160804,160805,160807,160809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160806,2325],{"class":59},[53,160808,64],{"class":63},[53,160810,34706],{"class":71},[53,160812,160813],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160814,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160816,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160818,6867],{"class":1558},[53,160820,48767],{"class":2782},[53,160822,102],{"class":67},[53,160824,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160826,102],{"class":67},[53,160828,2350],{"class":98},[53,160830,5236],{"class":67},[53,160832,6280],{"class":63},[53,160834,264],{"class":252},[53,160836,159535],{"class":256},[53,160838,253],{"class":252},[53,160840,6265],{"class":67},[53,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160852,160854],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160844,7936],{"class":114},[53,160846,102],{"class":67},[53,160848,253],{"class":252},[53,160850,160851],{"class":256},"It is an int",[53,160853,253],{"class":252},[53,160855,108],{"class":67},[14,160857,160858],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160860,160861],{},"Better options:",[44,160863,160865],{"className":46,"code":160864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160866,160867,160875,160879,160899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160868,160869,160871,160873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160870,2325],{"class":59},[53,160872,64],{"class":63},[53,160874,34706],{"class":71},[53,160876,160877],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160878,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,160880,160881,160883,160885,160887,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,160882,115],{"class":114},[53,160884,102],{"class":67},[53,160886,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160888,102],{"class":67},[53,160890,2350],{"class":98},[53,160892,3539],{"class":67},[53,160894,6280],{"class":63},[53,160896,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160898,108],{"class":67},[53,160900,160901,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,160902,115],{"class":114},[53,160904,102],{"class":67},[53,160906,48738],{"class":114},[53,160908,102],{"class":67},[53,160910,2350],{"class":98},[53,160912,75],{"class":67},[53,160914,45139],{"class":2782},[53,160916,1907],{"class":67},[14,160918,328],{},[44,160920,160921],{"className":46,"code":4381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,160922,160923,160927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160924,160925],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160926,3855],{"class":369},[53,160928,160929],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,160930,3855],{"class":369},[14,160932,160933,160934,160936],{},"In most real code, ",[18,160935,44668],{}," is the more useful check.",[39,160938,2709],{"id":2708},[14,160940,14596,160941,597],{},[18,160942,2181],{},[140,160944,160945,160955,160964,160973],{},[143,160946,833,160947,160949,160950,160954],{},[18,160948,2181],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[183,160951,160952],{"href":8087},[18,160953,2839],{}," always returns a string",[143,160956,8319,160957,160959,160960,10959,160962],{},[18,160958,2181],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,160961,2071],{},[18,160963,159535],{},[143,160965,833,160966,44492,160969,160972],{},[18,160967,160968],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,160970,160971],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[143,160974,160975],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160977,160978,160979,95],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[183,160980,160982],{"href":160981},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160984,144310],{},[44,160986,160988],{"className":46,"code":160987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,160989,160990,161004,161014,161028,161038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160991,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160993,115],{"class":114},[53,160995,102],{"class":67},[53,160997,3102],{"class":2782},[53,160999,102],{"class":67},[53,161001,2350],{"class":98},[53,161003,1907],{"class":67},[53,161005,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161007,115],{"class":114},[53,161009,102],{"class":67},[53,161011,2350],{"class":98},[53,161013,108],{"class":67},[53,161015,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161017,115],{"class":114},[53,161019,102],{"class":67},[53,161021,41642],{"class":114},[53,161023,102],{"class":67},[53,161025,2350],{"class":98},[53,161027,1907],{"class":67},[53,161029,161030,161032,161034,161036],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,161031,32016],{"class":114},[53,161033,102],{"class":67},[53,161035,3102],{"class":2782},[53,161037,108],{"class":67},[53,161039,161040,161042,161044,161046],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,161041,34236],{"class":114},[53,161043,102],{"class":67},[53,161045,2350],{"class":98},[53,161047,108],{"class":67},[14,161049,161050],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[39,161052,1650],{"id":1649},[830,161054,5017,161056,5020],{"id":161055},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161057,2181],{},[14,161059,161060,161061,2072,161063,2072,161065,2076,161067,161069,161070,95],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161062,3324],{},[18,161064,2071],{},[18,161066,7961],{},[18,161068,8689],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161071,159532],{},[830,161073,14766,161075,56930,161077,2370],{"id":161074},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161076,2181],{},[18,161078,44668],{},[14,161080,1657,161081,161083,161084,161086],{},[18,161082,2181],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161085,44668],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[830,161088,5033,161090,161093,161094,2370],{"id":161089},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161091,161092],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161095,3324],{},[14,161097,28927,161098,161100,161101,2758,161103,160194],{},[18,161099,2839],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161102,2757],{},[18,161104,2764],{},[830,161106,5045,161108,161110],{"id":161107},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161109,2181],{}," create classes?",[14,161112,161113,161114,95],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161115,161116],{},"type(object)",[39,161118,1782],{"id":1781},[140,161120,161121,161125,161131,161137,161141,161147,161153],{},[143,161122,161123],{},[183,161124,44660],{"href":48841},[143,161126,161127],{},[183,161128,3457,161129,3390],{"href":160373},[18,161130,44668],{},[143,161132,161133],{},[183,161134,3457,161135,3390],{"href":8087},[18,161136,2839],{},[143,161138,161139],{},[183,161140,8926],{"href":8848},[143,161142,161143],{},[183,161144,3457,161145,3390],{"href":2754},[18,161146,2757],{},[143,161148,161149],{},[183,161150,3457,161151,3390],{"href":2761},[18,161152,2764],{},[143,161154,161155],{},[183,161156,3457,161157,3390],{"href":42037},[18,161158,47546],{},[1810,161160,161161],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":161163},[161164,161165,161167,161168,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161184,161185,161195],{"id":41,"depth":89,"text":42},{"id":159538,"depth":89,"text":161166},"What the type() function does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":121612,"depth":89,"text":121613},{"id":159896,"depth":89,"text":161170},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160202,"depth":89,"text":161172},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160378,"depth":89,"text":161174},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160528,"depth":89,"text":161176},"When to use type()",{"id":25222,"depth":89,"text":25223,"children":161178},[161179,161181,161183],{"id":160677,"depth":111,"text":161180},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160737,"depth":111,"text":161182},"input() returns str",{"id":160793,"depth":111,"text":160794},{"id":2708,"depth":89,"text":2709},{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":161186},[161187,161189,161191,161193],{"id":161055,"depth":111,"text":161188},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161074,"depth":111,"text":161190},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161089,"depth":111,"text":161192},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161107,"depth":111,"text":161194},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159372,"description":161196},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161202,"title":161203,"body":161204,"description":163683,"extension":1841,"meta":163684,"navigation":301,"path":163685,"seo":163686,"stem":163687,"__hash__":163688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161205,"toc":163640},[161206,161211,161216,161225,161227,161327,161329,161354,161359,161364,161380,161383,161385,161387,161412,161415,161418,161501,161503,161552,161555,161677,161679,161752,161756,161759,161873,161875,161901,161903,161924,161929,161933,161938,161941,162045,162047,162064,162073,162076,162163,162165,162176,162181,162187,162192,162198,162201,162294,162296,162345,162351,162354,162455,162457,162510,162515,162519,162522,162621,162623,162662,162665,162670,162672,162677,162681,162794,162798,162895,162899,162987,162989,163006,163010,163133,163139,163145,163151,163156,163159,163186,163190,163192,163286,163289,163293,163296,163383,163386,163421,163423,163460,163463,163471,163476,163481,163555,163562,163564,163569,163572,163578,163581,163587,163592,163598,163603,163607,163610,163612,163637],[10,161207,3457,161209,3461],{"id":161208},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161210,64046],{},[14,161212,161213,161215],{},[18,161214,64046],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161217,161218,161219,161221,161222,161224],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161220,64046],{}," inside a ",[18,161223,1559],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[39,161226,1882],{"id":1881},[44,161228,161230],{"className":46,"code":161229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161231,161232,161264,161284,161288,161313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161233,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161235,4869],{"class":59},[53,161237,64],{"class":63},[53,161239,68],{"class":67},[53,161241,253],{"class":252},[53,161243,12747],{"class":256},[53,161245,253],{"class":252},[53,161247,75],{"class":67},[53,161249,264],{"class":252},[53,161251,35806],{"class":256},[53,161253,253],{"class":252},[53,161255,75],{"class":67},[53,161257,264],{"class":252},[53,161259,35815],{"class":256},[53,161261,253],{"class":252},[53,161263,86],{"class":67},[53,161265,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161267,4938],{"class":59},[53,161269,64],{"class":63},[53,161271,68],{"class":67},[53,161273,13367],{"class":71},[53,161275,75],{"class":67},[53,161277,13372],{"class":71},[53,161279,75],{"class":67},[53,161281,28786],{"class":71},[53,161283,86],{"class":67},[53,161285,161286],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161287,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,161289,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,161291,1559],{"class":1558},[53,161293,35857],{"class":59},[53,161295,75],{"class":67},[53,161297,4980],{"class":59},[53,161299,1565],{"class":1558},[53,161301,161302],{"class":114}," zip",[53,161304,102],{"class":67},[53,161306,4913],{"class":98},[53,161308,75],{"class":67},[53,161310,4985],{"class":98},[53,161312,1580],{"class":67},[53,161314,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,161316,7936],{"class":114},[53,161318,102],{"class":67},[53,161320,592],{"class":98},[53,161322,75],{"class":67},[53,161324,130590],{"class":98},[53,161326,108],{"class":67},[14,161328,328],{},[44,161330,161332],{"className":46,"code":161331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161333,161334,161340,161347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161335,161336,161338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161337,133609],{"class":59},[53,161339,33000],{"class":71},[53,161341,161342,161345],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161343,161344],{"class":59},"Ben ",[53,161346,33005],{"class":71},[53,161348,161349,161352],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161350,161351],{"class":59},"Cara ",[53,161353,33010],{"class":71},[14,161355,131,161356,161358],{},[18,161357,64046],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[39,161360,3556,161362,3559],{"id":161361},"what-zip-does",[18,161363,64046],{},[140,161365,161366,161371,161374,161377],{},[143,161367,161368,161370],{},[18,161369,64046],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[143,161372,161373],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[143,161375,161376],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[143,161378,161379],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161381,161382],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[39,161384,2039],{"id":2038},[14,161386,7088],{},[44,161388,161390],{"className":46,"code":161389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161391,161392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161393,161394,161396,161398,161401,161403,161406,161408,161410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161395,64116],{"class":114},[53,161397,102],{"class":67},[53,161399,161400],{"class":98},"iterable1",[53,161402,75],{"class":67},[53,161404,161405],{"class":98}," iterable2",[53,161407,75],{"class":67},[53,161409,34318],{"class":114},[53,161411,108],{"class":67},[14,161413,161414],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161416,161417],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[44,161419,161421],{"className":46,"code":161420,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161422,161423,161443,161475,161479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161424,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161426,60],{"class":59},[53,161428,64],{"class":63},[53,161430,68],{"class":67},[53,161432,72],{"class":71},[53,161434,75],{"class":67},[53,161436,78],{"class":71},[53,161438,75],{"class":67},[53,161440,83],{"class":71},[53,161442,86],{"class":67},[53,161444,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161446,1411],{"class":59},[53,161448,64],{"class":63},[53,161450,68],{"class":67},[53,161452,253],{"class":252},[53,161454,183],{"class":256},[53,161456,253],{"class":252},[53,161458,75],{"class":67},[53,161460,264],{"class":252},[53,161462,1453],{"class":256},[53,161464,253],{"class":252},[53,161466,75],{"class":67},[53,161468,264],{"class":252},[53,161470,1428],{"class":256},[53,161472,253],{"class":252},[53,161474,86],{"class":67},[53,161476,161477],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161478,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,161480,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,161482,115],{"class":114},[53,161484,102],{"class":67},[53,161486,7961],{"class":2782},[53,161488,102],{"class":67},[53,161490,64116],{"class":114},[53,161492,102],{"class":67},[53,161494,92],{"class":98},[53,161496,75],{"class":67},[53,161498,69823],{"class":98},[53,161500,2793],{"class":67},[14,161502,328],{},[44,161504,161506],{"className":46,"code":161505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161507,161508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161509,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161511,21605],{"class":67},[53,161513,72],{"class":71},[53,161515,75],{"class":67},[53,161517,350],{"class":252},[53,161519,183],{"class":256},[53,161521,341],{"class":252},[53,161523,9100],{"class":67},[53,161525,9103],{"class":67},[53,161527,1937],{"class":71},[53,161529,75],{"class":67},[53,161531,350],{"class":252},[53,161533,1453],{"class":256},[53,161535,341],{"class":252},[53,161537,9100],{"class":67},[53,161539,9103],{"class":67},[53,161541,754],{"class":71},[53,161543,75],{"class":67},[53,161545,350],{"class":252},[53,161547,1428],{"class":256},[53,161549,341],{"class":252},[53,161551,9116],{"class":67},[14,161553,161554],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[44,161556,161558],{"className":46,"code":161557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161559,161560,161592,161612,161646,161650],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161561,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161563,4869],{"class":59},[53,161565,64],{"class":63},[53,161567,68],{"class":67},[53,161569,253],{"class":252},[53,161571,12747],{"class":256},[53,161573,253],{"class":252},[53,161575,75],{"class":67},[53,161577,264],{"class":252},[53,161579,35806],{"class":256},[53,161581,253],{"class":252},[53,161583,75],{"class":67},[53,161585,264],{"class":252},[53,161587,35815],{"class":256},[53,161589,253],{"class":252},[53,161591,86],{"class":67},[53,161593,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161595,4938],{"class":59},[53,161597,64],{"class":63},[53,161599,68],{"class":67},[53,161601,13367],{"class":71},[53,161603,75],{"class":67},[53,161605,13372],{"class":71},[53,161607,75],{"class":67},[53,161609,28786],{"class":71},[53,161611,86],{"class":67},[53,161613,161614,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161642,161644],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161615,161616],{"class":59},"grades ",[53,161618,64],{"class":63},[53,161620,68],{"class":67},[53,161622,253],{"class":252},[53,161624,22110],{"class":256},[53,161626,253],{"class":252},[53,161628,75],{"class":67},[53,161630,264],{"class":252},[53,161632,30466],{"class":256},[53,161634,253],{"class":252},[53,161636,75],{"class":67},[53,161638,264],{"class":252},[53,161640,161641],{"class":256},"B+",[53,161643,253],{"class":252},[53,161645,86],{"class":67},[53,161647,161648],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,161649,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,161651,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161675],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,161653,115],{"class":114},[53,161655,102],{"class":67},[53,161657,7961],{"class":2782},[53,161659,102],{"class":67},[53,161661,64116],{"class":114},[53,161663,102],{"class":67},[53,161665,4913],{"class":98},[53,161667,75],{"class":67},[53,161669,4985],{"class":98},[53,161671,75],{"class":67},[53,161673,161674],{"class":98}," grades",[53,161676,2793],{"class":67},[14,161678,328],{},[44,161680,161682],{"className":46,"code":161681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161683,161684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161685,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161687,21605],{"class":67},[53,161689,341],{"class":252},[53,161691,12747],{"class":256},[53,161693,341],{"class":252},[53,161695,75],{"class":67},[53,161697,19762],{"class":71},[53,161699,75],{"class":67},[53,161701,350],{"class":252},[53,161703,22110],{"class":256},[53,161705,341],{"class":252},[53,161707,9100],{"class":67},[53,161709,9103],{"class":67},[53,161711,341],{"class":252},[53,161713,35806],{"class":256},[53,161715,341],{"class":252},[53,161717,75],{"class":67},[53,161719,13372],{"class":71},[53,161721,75],{"class":67},[53,161723,350],{"class":252},[53,161725,30466],{"class":256},[53,161727,341],{"class":252},[53,161729,9100],{"class":67},[53,161731,9103],{"class":67},[53,161733,341],{"class":252},[53,161735,35815],{"class":256},[53,161737,341],{"class":252},[53,161739,75],{"class":67},[53,161741,28786],{"class":71},[53,161743,75],{"class":67},[53,161745,350],{"class":252},[53,161747,161641],{"class":256},[53,161749,341],{"class":252},[53,161751,9116],{"class":67},[39,161753,161755],{"id":161754},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161757,161758],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[44,161760,161762],{"className":46,"code":161761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161763,161764,161796,161816,161820,161844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161765,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161767,4869],{"class":59},[53,161769,64],{"class":63},[53,161771,68],{"class":67},[53,161773,253],{"class":252},[53,161775,12747],{"class":256},[53,161777,253],{"class":252},[53,161779,75],{"class":67},[53,161781,264],{"class":252},[53,161783,35806],{"class":256},[53,161785,253],{"class":252},[53,161787,75],{"class":67},[53,161789,264],{"class":252},[53,161791,35815],{"class":256},[53,161793,253],{"class":252},[53,161795,86],{"class":67},[53,161797,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161799,4938],{"class":59},[53,161801,64],{"class":63},[53,161803,68],{"class":67},[53,161805,13367],{"class":71},[53,161807,75],{"class":67},[53,161809,13372],{"class":71},[53,161811,75],{"class":67},[53,161813,28786],{"class":71},[53,161815,86],{"class":67},[53,161817,161818],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161819,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,161821,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,161823,1559],{"class":1558},[53,161825,35857],{"class":59},[53,161827,75],{"class":67},[53,161829,4980],{"class":59},[53,161831,1565],{"class":1558},[53,161833,161302],{"class":114},[53,161835,102],{"class":67},[53,161837,4913],{"class":98},[53,161839,75],{"class":67},[53,161841,4985],{"class":98},[53,161843,1580],{"class":67},[53,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,161847,7936],{"class":114},[53,161849,102],{"class":67},[53,161851,22159],{"class":1945},[53,161853,253],{"class":256},[53,161855,9145],{"class":71},[53,161857,592],{"class":98},[53,161859,22168],{"class":71},[53,161861,161862],{"class":256}," scored ",[53,161864,9145],{"class":71},[53,161866,85247],{"class":98},[53,161868,22168],{"class":71},[53,161870,253],{"class":256},[53,161872,108],{"class":67},[14,161874,328],{},[44,161876,161878],{"className":46,"code":161877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,161879,161880,161887,161894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161881,161882,161885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161883,161884],{"class":59},"Ana scored ",[53,161886,33000],{"class":71},[53,161888,161889,161892],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161890,161891],{"class":59},"Ben scored ",[53,161893,33005],{"class":71},[53,161895,161896,161899],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,161897,161898],{"class":59},"Cara scored ",[53,161900,33010],{"class":71},[14,161902,44793],{},[140,161904,161905,161914,161917],{},[143,161906,161907,161910,161911],{},[18,161908,161909],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,161912,161913],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[143,161915,161916],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[143,161918,161919,4269,161921,161923],{},[18,161920,592],{},[18,161922,85247],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161925,161926,161927,95],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[183,161928,69340],{"href":69339},[39,161930,161932],{"id":161931},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161934,161935,161937],{},[18,161936,64046],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161939,161940],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[44,161942,161944],{"className":46,"code":161943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161945,161946,161987,162003,162007,162031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161947,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161983,161985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161949,4869],{"class":59},[53,161951,64],{"class":63},[53,161953,68],{"class":67},[53,161955,253],{"class":252},[53,161957,12747],{"class":256},[53,161959,253],{"class":252},[53,161961,75],{"class":67},[53,161963,264],{"class":252},[53,161965,35806],{"class":256},[53,161967,253],{"class":252},[53,161969,75],{"class":67},[53,161971,264],{"class":252},[53,161973,35815],{"class":256},[53,161975,253],{"class":252},[53,161977,75],{"class":67},[53,161979,264],{"class":252},[53,161981,161982],{"class":256},"Dan",[53,161984,253],{"class":252},[53,161986,86],{"class":67},[53,161988,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,161990,4938],{"class":59},[53,161992,64],{"class":63},[53,161994,68],{"class":67},[53,161996,13367],{"class":71},[53,161998,75],{"class":67},[53,162000,13372],{"class":71},[53,162002,86],{"class":67},[53,162004,162005],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162006,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162008,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162010,1559],{"class":1558},[53,162012,35857],{"class":59},[53,162014,75],{"class":67},[53,162016,4980],{"class":59},[53,162018,1565],{"class":1558},[53,162020,161302],{"class":114},[53,162022,102],{"class":67},[53,162024,4913],{"class":98},[53,162026,75],{"class":67},[53,162028,4985],{"class":98},[53,162030,1580],{"class":67},[53,162032,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162034,7936],{"class":114},[53,162036,102],{"class":67},[53,162038,592],{"class":98},[53,162040,75],{"class":67},[53,162042,130590],{"class":98},[53,162044,108],{"class":67},[14,162046,328],{},[44,162048,162050],{"className":46,"code":162049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162051,162052,162058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162053,162054,162056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162055,133609],{"class":59},[53,162057,33000],{"class":71},[53,162059,162060,162062],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162061,161344],{"class":59},[53,162063,33005],{"class":71},[14,162065,807,162066,4269,162069,162072],{},[18,162067,162068],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162070,162071],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162074,162075],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[44,162077,162079],{"className":46,"code":162078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162080,162081,162121,162137,162141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162082,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162084,4869],{"class":59},[53,162086,64],{"class":63},[53,162088,68],{"class":67},[53,162090,253],{"class":252},[53,162092,12747],{"class":256},[53,162094,253],{"class":252},[53,162096,75],{"class":67},[53,162098,264],{"class":252},[53,162100,35806],{"class":256},[53,162102,253],{"class":252},[53,162104,75],{"class":67},[53,162106,264],{"class":252},[53,162108,35815],{"class":256},[53,162110,253],{"class":252},[53,162112,75],{"class":67},[53,162114,264],{"class":252},[53,162116,161982],{"class":256},[53,162118,253],{"class":252},[53,162120,86],{"class":67},[53,162122,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162124,4938],{"class":59},[53,162126,64],{"class":63},[53,162128,68],{"class":67},[53,162130,13367],{"class":71},[53,162132,75],{"class":67},[53,162134,13372],{"class":71},[53,162136,86],{"class":67},[53,162138,162139],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162140,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162144,115],{"class":114},[53,162146,102],{"class":67},[53,162148,11029],{"class":114},[53,162150,102],{"class":67},[53,162152,4913],{"class":98},[53,162154,9100],{"class":67},[53,162156,38249],{"class":114},[53,162158,102],{"class":67},[53,162160,16253],{"class":98},[53,162162,1907],{"class":67},[14,162164,328],{},[44,162166,162168],{"className":46,"code":162167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4 2\n",[18,162169,162170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162171,162172,162174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162173,105],{"class":71},[53,162175,45452],{"class":71},[14,162177,162178,162179,95],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162180,64046],{},[39,162182,91838,162184,162186],{"id":162183},"converting-zip-output",[18,162185,64046],{}," output",[14,162188,28927,162189,162191],{},[18,162190,64046],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[830,162193,131,162195],{"id":162194},"use-listzip",[18,162196,162197],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162199,162200],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[44,162202,162204],{"className":46,"code":162203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162205,162206,162238,162258,162262,162284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162207,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162209,4869],{"class":59},[53,162211,64],{"class":63},[53,162213,68],{"class":67},[53,162215,253],{"class":252},[53,162217,12747],{"class":256},[53,162219,253],{"class":252},[53,162221,75],{"class":67},[53,162223,264],{"class":252},[53,162225,35806],{"class":256},[53,162227,253],{"class":252},[53,162229,75],{"class":67},[53,162231,264],{"class":252},[53,162233,35815],{"class":256},[53,162235,253],{"class":252},[53,162237,86],{"class":67},[53,162239,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162241,4938],{"class":59},[53,162243,64],{"class":63},[53,162245,68],{"class":67},[53,162247,13367],{"class":71},[53,162249,75],{"class":67},[53,162251,13372],{"class":71},[53,162253,75],{"class":67},[53,162255,28786],{"class":71},[53,162257,86],{"class":67},[53,162259,162260],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162261,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162265,9082],{"class":59},[53,162267,64],{"class":63},[53,162269,22425],{"class":2782},[53,162271,102],{"class":67},[53,162273,64116],{"class":114},[53,162275,102],{"class":67},[53,162277,4913],{"class":98},[53,162279,75],{"class":67},[53,162281,4985],{"class":98},[53,162283,1907],{"class":67},[53,162285,162286,162288,162290,162292],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162287,115],{"class":114},[53,162289,102],{"class":67},[53,162291,9129],{"class":98},[53,162293,108],{"class":67},[14,162295,328],{},[44,162297,162299],{"className":46,"code":162298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162300,162301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162302,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162304,21605],{"class":67},[53,162306,341],{"class":252},[53,162308,12747],{"class":256},[53,162310,341],{"class":252},[53,162312,75],{"class":67},[53,162314,19762],{"class":71},[53,162316,9100],{"class":67},[53,162318,9103],{"class":67},[53,162320,341],{"class":252},[53,162322,35806],{"class":256},[53,162324,341],{"class":252},[53,162326,75],{"class":67},[53,162328,13372],{"class":71},[53,162330,9100],{"class":67},[53,162332,9103],{"class":67},[53,162334,341],{"class":252},[53,162336,35815],{"class":256},[53,162338,341],{"class":252},[53,162340,75],{"class":67},[53,162342,28786],{"class":71},[53,162344,9116],{"class":67},[830,162346,131,162348],{"id":162347},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162349,162350],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162352,162353],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[44,162355,162357],{"className":46,"code":162356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162358,162359,162391,162419,162423,162445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162362,17107],{"class":59},[53,162364,64],{"class":63},[53,162366,68],{"class":67},[53,162368,253],{"class":252},[53,162370,592],{"class":256},[53,162372,253],{"class":252},[53,162374,75],{"class":67},[53,162376,264],{"class":252},[53,162378,9166],{"class":256},[53,162380,253],{"class":252},[53,162382,75],{"class":67},[53,162384,264],{"class":252},[53,162386,10276],{"class":256},[53,162388,253],{"class":252},[53,162390,86],{"class":67},[53,162392,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162394,3702],{"class":59},[53,162396,64],{"class":63},[53,162398,68],{"class":67},[53,162400,253],{"class":252},[53,162402,12747],{"class":256},[53,162404,253],{"class":252},[53,162406,75],{"class":67},[53,162408,9173],{"class":71},[53,162410,75],{"class":67},[53,162412,264],{"class":252},[53,162414,15895],{"class":256},[53,162416,253],{"class":252},[53,162418,86],{"class":67},[53,162420,162421],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162422,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162424,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162426,13069],{"class":59},[53,162428,64],{"class":63},[53,162430,9038],{"class":2782},[53,162432,102],{"class":67},[53,162434,64116],{"class":114},[53,162436,102],{"class":67},[53,162438,16788],{"class":98},[53,162440,75],{"class":67},[53,162442,3763],{"class":98},[53,162444,1907],{"class":67},[53,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162448,115],{"class":114},[53,162450,102],{"class":67},[53,162452,17172],{"class":98},[53,162454,108],{"class":67},[14,162456,328],{},[44,162458,162460],{"className":46,"code":162459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162461,162462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162463,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162465,9145],{"class":67},[53,162467,341],{"class":252},[53,162469,592],{"class":256},[53,162471,341],{"class":252},[53,162473,597],{"class":67},[53,162475,350],{"class":252},[53,162477,12747],{"class":256},[53,162479,341],{"class":252},[53,162481,75],{"class":67},[53,162483,350],{"class":252},[53,162485,9166],{"class":256},[53,162487,341],{"class":252},[53,162489,597],{"class":67},[53,162491,9173],{"class":71},[53,162493,75],{"class":67},[53,162495,350],{"class":252},[53,162497,10276],{"class":256},[53,162499,341],{"class":252},[53,162501,597],{"class":67},[53,162503,350],{"class":252},[53,162505,15895],{"class":256},[53,162507,341],{"class":252},[53,162509,9176],{"class":67},[14,162511,162512,162513,95],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[183,162514,30952],{"href":30951},[830,162516,162518],{"id":162517},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162520,162521],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[44,162523,162525],{"className":46,"code":162524,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162526,162527,162551,162567,162571,162589,162593,162607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162528,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162530,4869],{"class":59},[53,162532,64],{"class":63},[53,162534,68],{"class":67},[53,162536,253],{"class":252},[53,162538,12747],{"class":256},[53,162540,253],{"class":252},[53,162542,75],{"class":67},[53,162544,264],{"class":252},[53,162546,35806],{"class":256},[53,162548,253],{"class":252},[53,162550,86],{"class":67},[53,162552,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162554,4938],{"class":59},[53,162556,64],{"class":63},[53,162558,68],{"class":67},[53,162560,13367],{"class":71},[53,162562,75],{"class":67},[53,162564,13372],{"class":71},[53,162566,86],{"class":67},[53,162568,162569],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162570,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162572,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162574,9082],{"class":59},[53,162576,64],{"class":63},[53,162578,161302],{"class":114},[53,162580,102],{"class":67},[53,162582,4913],{"class":98},[53,162584,75],{"class":67},[53,162586,4985],{"class":98},[53,162588,108],{"class":67},[53,162590,162591],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162592,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162594,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,162596,115],{"class":114},[53,162598,102],{"class":67},[53,162600,7961],{"class":2782},[53,162602,102],{"class":67},[53,162604,9129],{"class":98},[53,162606,1907],{"class":67},[53,162608,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,162610,115],{"class":114},[53,162612,102],{"class":67},[53,162614,7961],{"class":2782},[53,162616,102],{"class":67},[53,162618,9129],{"class":98},[53,162620,1907],{"class":67},[14,162622,328],{},[44,162624,162626],{"className":46,"code":162625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162627,162628,162658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162629,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162631,21605],{"class":67},[53,162633,341],{"class":252},[53,162635,12747],{"class":256},[53,162637,341],{"class":252},[53,162639,75],{"class":67},[53,162641,19762],{"class":71},[53,162643,9100],{"class":67},[53,162645,9103],{"class":67},[53,162647,341],{"class":252},[53,162649,35806],{"class":256},[53,162651,341],{"class":252},[53,162653,75],{"class":67},[53,162655,13372],{"class":71},[53,162657,9116],{"class":67},[53,162659,162660],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162661,38160],{"class":67},[14,162663,162664],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162666,162667,162668,95],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[183,162669,5011],{"href":5459},[39,162671,40908],{"id":40907},[14,162673,162674,162675,95],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162676,64046],{},[830,162678,162680],{"id":162679},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[44,162682,162684],{"className":46,"code":162683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162685,162686,162718,162738,162742,162766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162687,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162689,4869],{"class":59},[53,162691,64],{"class":63},[53,162693,68],{"class":67},[53,162695,253],{"class":252},[53,162697,12747],{"class":256},[53,162699,253],{"class":252},[53,162701,75],{"class":67},[53,162703,264],{"class":252},[53,162705,35806],{"class":256},[53,162707,253],{"class":252},[53,162709,75],{"class":67},[53,162711,264],{"class":252},[53,162713,35815],{"class":256},[53,162715,253],{"class":252},[53,162717,86],{"class":67},[53,162719,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162721,4938],{"class":59},[53,162723,64],{"class":63},[53,162725,68],{"class":67},[53,162727,13367],{"class":71},[53,162729,75],{"class":67},[53,162731,13372],{"class":71},[53,162733,75],{"class":67},[53,162735,28786],{"class":71},[53,162737,86],{"class":67},[53,162739,162740],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162741,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162743,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162745,1559],{"class":1558},[53,162747,35857],{"class":59},[53,162749,75],{"class":67},[53,162751,4980],{"class":59},[53,162753,1565],{"class":1558},[53,162755,161302],{"class":114},[53,162757,102],{"class":67},[53,162759,4913],{"class":98},[53,162761,75],{"class":67},[53,162763,4985],{"class":98},[53,162765,1580],{"class":67},[53,162767,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162769,7936],{"class":114},[53,162771,102],{"class":67},[53,162773,22159],{"class":1945},[53,162775,253],{"class":256},[53,162777,9145],{"class":71},[53,162779,592],{"class":98},[53,162781,22168],{"class":71},[53,162783,22171],{"class":256},[53,162785,9145],{"class":71},[53,162787,85247],{"class":98},[53,162789,22168],{"class":71},[53,162791,253],{"class":256},[53,162793,108],{"class":67},[830,162795,162797],{"id":162796},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[44,162799,162801],{"className":46,"code":162800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,162802,162803,162835,162859,162863,162885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162804,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162806,17107],{"class":59},[53,162808,64],{"class":63},[53,162810,68],{"class":67},[53,162812,253],{"class":252},[53,162814,12515],{"class":256},[53,162816,253],{"class":252},[53,162818,75],{"class":67},[53,162820,264],{"class":252},[53,162822,592],{"class":256},[53,162824,253],{"class":252},[53,162826,75],{"class":67},[53,162828,264],{"class":252},[53,162830,15685],{"class":256},[53,162832,253],{"class":252},[53,162834,86],{"class":67},[53,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162838,3702],{"class":59},[53,162840,64],{"class":63},[53,162842,68],{"class":67},[53,162844,46454],{"class":71},[53,162846,75],{"class":67},[53,162848,264],{"class":252},[53,162850,12747],{"class":256},[53,162852,253],{"class":252},[53,162854,75],{"class":67},[53,162856,674],{"class":369},[53,162858,86],{"class":67},[53,162860,162861],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162862,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162864,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162866,1692],{"class":59},[53,162868,64],{"class":63},[53,162870,9038],{"class":2782},[53,162872,102],{"class":67},[53,162874,64116],{"class":114},[53,162876,102],{"class":67},[53,162878,16788],{"class":98},[53,162880,75],{"class":67},[53,162882,3763],{"class":98},[53,162884,1907],{"class":67},[53,162886,162887,162889,162891,162893],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162888,115],{"class":114},[53,162890,102],{"class":67},[53,162892,1709],{"class":98},[53,162894,108],{"class":67},[830,162896,162898],{"id":162897},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[44,162900,162902],{"className":46,"code":162901,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,162903,162904,162924,162944,162948,162973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162905,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162907,80385],{"class":59},[53,162909,64],{"class":63},[53,162911,68],{"class":67},[53,162913,539],{"class":71},[53,162915,75],{"class":67},[53,162917,7658],{"class":71},[53,162919,75],{"class":67},[53,162921,7663],{"class":71},[53,162923,86],{"class":67},[53,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,162927,80406],{"class":59},[53,162929,64],{"class":63},[53,162931,68],{"class":67},[53,162933,539],{"class":71},[53,162935,75],{"class":67},[53,162937,9173],{"class":71},[53,162939,75],{"class":67},[53,162941,7663],{"class":71},[53,162943,86],{"class":67},[53,162945,162946],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,162947,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,162949,162950,162952,162954,162956,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,162951,1559],{"class":1558},[53,162953,56612],{"class":59},[53,162955,75],{"class":67},[53,162957,162958],{"class":59}," b ",[53,162960,1565],{"class":1558},[53,162962,161302],{"class":114},[53,162964,102],{"class":67},[53,162966,111477],{"class":98},[53,162968,75],{"class":67},[53,162970,80449],{"class":98},[53,162972,1580],{"class":67},[53,162974,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,162976,7936],{"class":114},[53,162978,102],{"class":67},[53,162980,2432],{"class":98},[53,162982,4562],{"class":63},[53,162984,2437],{"class":98},[53,162986,108],{"class":67},[14,162988,328],{},[44,162990,162992],{"className":46,"code":162991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,162993,162994,162998,163002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162995,162996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162997,3855],{"class":369},[53,162999,163000],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163001,3916],{"class":369},[53,163003,163004],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,163005,3855],{"class":369},[830,163007,163009],{"id":163008},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[44,163011,163013],{"className":46,"code":163012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163014,163015,163050,163073,163077,163104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163016,163017,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163037,163039,163041,163043,163046,163048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163018,163019],{"class":59},"products ",[53,163021,64],{"class":63},[53,163023,68],{"class":67},[53,163025,253],{"class":252},[53,163027,25006],{"class":256},[53,163029,253],{"class":252},[53,163031,75],{"class":67},[53,163033,264],{"class":252},[53,163035,163036],{"class":256},"Pen",[53,163038,253],{"class":252},[53,163040,75],{"class":67},[53,163042,264],{"class":252},[53,163044,163045],{"class":256},"Bag",[53,163047,253],{"class":252},[53,163049,86],{"class":67},[53,163051,163052,163054,163056,163058,163061,163063,163066,163068,163071],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163053,82775],{"class":59},[53,163055,64],{"class":63},[53,163057,68],{"class":67},[53,163059,163060],{"class":71},"12.5",[53,163062,75],{"class":67},[53,163064,163065],{"class":71}," 1.2",[53,163067,75],{"class":67},[53,163069,163070],{"class":71}," 25.0",[53,163072,86],{"class":67},[53,163074,163075],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,163076,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,163078,163079,163081,163083,163085,163088,163090,163092,163094,163097,163099,163102],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,163080,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163082,25067],{"class":59},[53,163084,75],{"class":67},[53,163086,163087],{"class":59}," price ",[53,163089,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163091,161302],{"class":114},[53,163093,102],{"class":67},[53,163095,163096],{"class":98},"products",[53,163098,75],{"class":67},[53,163100,163101],{"class":98}," prices",[53,163103,1580],{"class":67},[53,163105,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,163107,7936],{"class":114},[53,163109,102],{"class":67},[53,163111,22159],{"class":1945},[53,163113,253],{"class":256},[53,163115,9145],{"class":71},[53,163117,26874],{"class":98},[53,163119,22168],{"class":71},[53,163121,163122],{"class":256}," costs $",[53,163124,9145],{"class":71},[53,163126,25015],{"class":98},[53,163128,22168],{"class":71},[53,163130,253],{"class":256},[53,163132,108],{"class":67},[14,163134,36463,163135,95],{},[183,163136,163138],{"href":163137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[39,163140,163142,163143],{"id":163141},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163144,64046],{},[830,163146,8319,163148,163150],{"id":163147},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163149,64046],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163152,163153,163155],{},[18,163154,64046],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163157,163158],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[44,163160,163162],{"className":46,"code":163161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163163,163164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163165,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163167,115],{"class":114},[53,163169,102],{"class":67},[53,163171,11029],{"class":114},[53,163173,102],{"class":67},[53,163175,111477],{"class":98},[53,163177,9100],{"class":67},[53,163179,38249],{"class":114},[53,163181,102],{"class":67},[53,163183,80672],{"class":98},[53,163185,1907],{"class":67},[830,163187,163189],{"id":163188},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163191,68563],{},[44,163193,163195],{"className":46,"code":163194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163196,163197,163233,163237,163250,163260,163264,163276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163200,9082],{"class":59},[53,163202,64],{"class":63},[53,163204,161302],{"class":114},[53,163206,619],{"class":67},[53,163208,72],{"class":71},[53,163210,75],{"class":67},[53,163212,78],{"class":71},[53,163214,17926],{"class":67},[53,163216,68],{"class":67},[53,163218,253],{"class":252},[53,163220,183],{"class":256},[53,163222,253],{"class":252},[53,163224,75],{"class":67},[53,163226,264],{"class":252},[53,163228,1453],{"class":256},[53,163230,253],{"class":252},[53,163232,632],{"class":67},[53,163234,163235],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163236,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,163238,163239,163241,163243,163245,163248],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,163240,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163242,5833],{"class":59},[53,163244,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163246,163247],{"class":59}," pairs",[53,163249,6265],{"class":67},[53,163251,163252,163254,163256,163258],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,163253,7936],{"class":114},[53,163255,102],{"class":67},[53,163257,212],{"class":98},[53,163259,108],{"class":67},[53,163261,163262],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,163263,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,163265,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274],{"class":55,"line":578},[53,163267,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163269,5833],{"class":59},[53,163271,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163273,163247],{"class":59},[53,163275,6265],{"class":67},[53,163277,163278,163280,163282,163284],{"class":55,"line":610},[53,163279,7936],{"class":114},[53,163281,102],{"class":67},[53,163283,212],{"class":98},[53,163285,108],{"class":67},[14,163287,163288],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[830,163290,163292],{"id":163291},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163294,163295],{},"This is correct:",[44,163297,163299],{"className":46,"code":163298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163300,163301,163325,163341,163345,163369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163302,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163304,4869],{"class":59},[53,163306,64],{"class":63},[53,163308,68],{"class":67},[53,163310,253],{"class":252},[53,163312,12747],{"class":256},[53,163314,253],{"class":252},[53,163316,75],{"class":67},[53,163318,264],{"class":252},[53,163320,35806],{"class":256},[53,163322,253],{"class":252},[53,163324,86],{"class":67},[53,163326,163327,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163328,4938],{"class":59},[53,163330,64],{"class":63},[53,163332,68],{"class":67},[53,163334,13367],{"class":71},[53,163336,75],{"class":67},[53,163338,13372],{"class":71},[53,163340,86],{"class":67},[53,163342,163343],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,163344,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,163346,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,163348,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163350,35857],{"class":59},[53,163352,75],{"class":67},[53,163354,4980],{"class":59},[53,163356,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163358,161302],{"class":114},[53,163360,102],{"class":67},[53,163362,4913],{"class":98},[53,163364,75],{"class":67},[53,163366,4985],{"class":98},[53,163368,1580],{"class":67},[53,163370,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381],{"class":55,"line":316},[53,163372,7936],{"class":114},[53,163374,102],{"class":67},[53,163376,592],{"class":98},[53,163378,75],{"class":67},[53,163380,130590],{"class":98},[53,163382,108],{"class":67},[14,163384,163385],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[44,163387,163389],{"className":46,"code":163388,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163390,163391,163411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163392,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163394,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163396,5833],{"class":59},[53,163398,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163400,161302],{"class":114},[53,163402,102],{"class":67},[53,163404,4913],{"class":98},[53,163406,75],{"class":67},[53,163408,4985],{"class":98},[53,163410,1580],{"class":67},[53,163412,163413,163415,163417,163419],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163414,7936],{"class":114},[53,163416,102],{"class":67},[53,163418,212],{"class":98},[53,163420,108],{"class":67},[14,163422,328],{},[44,163424,163426],{"className":46,"code":163425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163427,163428,163444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163429,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163431,102],{"class":67},[53,163433,341],{"class":252},[53,163435,12747],{"class":256},[53,163437,341],{"class":252},[53,163439,75],{"class":67},[53,163441,19762],{"class":71},[53,163443,108],{"class":67},[53,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163447,102],{"class":67},[53,163449,341],{"class":252},[53,163451,35806],{"class":256},[53,163453,341],{"class":252},[53,163455,75],{"class":67},[53,163457,13372],{"class":71},[53,163459,108],{"class":67},[14,163461,163462],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[830,163464,833,163466,163468,163469],{"id":163465},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163467,64046],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163470,35614],{},[14,163472,131,163473,163475],{},[18,163474,64046],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163477,131,163478,163480],{},[18,163479,35614],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[44,163482,163483],{"className":46,"code":35783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[18,163484,163485,163517,163521,163541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163486,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163488,4869],{"class":59},[53,163490,64],{"class":63},[53,163492,68],{"class":67},[53,163494,253],{"class":252},[53,163496,12747],{"class":256},[53,163498,253],{"class":252},[53,163500,75],{"class":67},[53,163502,264],{"class":252},[53,163504,35806],{"class":256},[53,163506,253],{"class":252},[53,163508,75],{"class":67},[53,163510,264],{"class":252},[53,163512,35815],{"class":256},[53,163514,253],{"class":252},[53,163516,86],{"class":67},[53,163518,163519],{"class":55,"line":89},[53,163520,302],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":301},[53,163522,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539],{"class":55,"line":111},[53,163524,1559],{"class":1558},[53,163526,35686],{"class":59},[53,163528,75],{"class":67},[53,163530,35834],{"class":59},[53,163532,1565],{"class":1558},[53,163534,35696],{"class":114},[53,163536,102],{"class":67},[53,163538,4913],{"class":98},[53,163540,1580],{"class":67},[53,163542,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553],{"class":55,"line":124},[53,163544,7936],{"class":114},[53,163546,102],{"class":67},[53,163548,35711],{"class":98},[53,163550,75],{"class":67},[53,163552,35857],{"class":98},[53,163554,108],{"class":67},[14,163556,163557,163558,95],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[183,163559,3457,163560,3390],{"href":91750},[18,163561,35614],{},[39,163563,1650],{"id":1649},[830,163565,5017,163567,5020],{"id":163566},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163568,64046],{},[14,163570,163571],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[830,163573,12570,163575,163577],{"id":163574},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163576,64046],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163579,163580],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[830,163582,163584,163585,2370],{"id":163583},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163586,64046],{},[14,163588,163589,163590,95],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163591,162197],{},[830,163593,163595,163596,2370],{"id":163594},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163597,64046],{},[14,163599,127955,163600,163602],{},[18,163601,162350],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[830,163604,163606],{"id":163605},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163608,163609],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[39,163611,1782],{"id":1781},[140,163613,163614,163619,163625,163629,163633],{},[143,163615,163616],{},[183,163617,163618],{"href":163137},"How to use zip in Python",[143,163620,163621],{},[183,163622,3457,163623,3390],{"href":91750},[18,163624,35614],{},[143,163626,163627],{},[183,163628,5092],{"href":5459},[143,163630,163631],{},[183,163632,69416],{"href":69339},[143,163634,163635],{},[183,163636,32124],{"href":30951},[1810,163638,163639],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":163641},[163642,163643,163645,163646,163647,163648,163656,163662,163671,163682],{"id":1881,"depth":89,"text":1882},{"id":161361,"depth":89,"text":163644},"What zip() does",{"id":2038,"depth":89,"text":2039},{"id":161754,"depth":89,"text":161755},{"id":161931,"depth":89,"text":161932},{"id":162183,"depth":89,"text":163649,"children":163650},"Converting zip() output",[163651,163653,163655],{"id":162194,"depth":111,"text":163652},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162347,"depth":111,"text":163654},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162517,"depth":111,"text":162518},{"id":40907,"depth":89,"text":40908,"children":163657},[163658,163659,163660,163661],{"id":162679,"depth":111,"text":162680},{"id":162796,"depth":111,"text":162797},{"id":162897,"depth":111,"text":162898},{"id":163008,"depth":111,"text":163009},{"id":163141,"depth":89,"text":163663,"children":163664},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163665,163667,163668,163669],{"id":163147,"depth":111,"text":163666},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163188,"depth":111,"text":163189},{"id":163291,"depth":111,"text":163292},{"id":163465,"depth":111,"text":163670},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1649,"depth":89,"text":1650,"children":163672},[163673,163675,163677,163679,163681],{"id":163566,"depth":111,"text":163674},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163574,"depth":111,"text":163676},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163583,"depth":111,"text":163678},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163594,"depth":111,"text":163680},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163605,"depth":111,"text":163606},{"id":1781,"depth":89,"text":1782},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161203,"description":163683},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944953423]