[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163246},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method":3,"nav-reference":1398},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1391,"extension":1392,"meta":1393,"navigation":243,"path":1394,"seo":1395,"stem":1396,"__hash__":1397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1355},"minimark",[9,19,26,34,39,118,124,131,136,155,161,165,168,184,187,198,202,205,273,276,285,288,304,312,316,324,331,426,429,478,487,495,498,512,527,534,613,622,629,703,712,715,726,737,743,748,759,762,839,860,864,875,878,927,929,951,954,957,1008,1015,1022,1089,1096,1102,1105,1136,1142,1148,1151,1229,1232,1243,1250,1254,1261,1264,1270,1276,1285,1293,1300,1306,1310,1351],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"clear()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,27,28,29,33],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"in place",". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[35,36,38],"h2",{"id":37},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[40,41,46],"pre",{"className":42,"code":43,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n","python","",[15,47,48,83,99],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50,53,57,61,65,69,72,75,77,80],"span",{"class":51,"line":52},"line",1,[49,54,56],{"class":55},"su5hD","items ",[49,58,60],{"class":59},"smGrS","=",[49,62,64],{"class":63},"sP7_E"," [",[49,66,68],{"class":67},"srdBf","1",[49,70,71],{"class":63},",",[49,73,74],{"class":67}," 2",[49,76,71],{"class":63},[49,78,79],{"class":67}," 3",[49,81,82],{"class":63},"]\n",[49,84,86,89,92,96],{"class":51,"line":85},2,[49,87,88],{"class":55},"items",[49,90,91],{"class":63},".",[49,93,95],{"class":94},"slqww","clear",[49,97,98],{"class":63},"()\n",[49,100,102,106,109,111,114],{"class":51,"line":101},3,[49,103,105],{"class":104},"sptTA","print",[49,107,108],{"class":63},"(",[49,110,88],{"class":94},[49,112,113],{"class":63},")",[49,115,117],{"class":116},"sutJx","  # []\n",[20,119,120,121,123],{},"Use ",[15,122,17],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[35,125,127,128,130],{"id":126},"what-listclear-does","What ",[15,129,24],{}," does",[20,132,133,135],{},[15,134,24],{},":",[137,138,139,143,146,152],"ul",{},[140,141,142],"li",{},"Removes every item from a list",[140,144,145],{},"Changes the original list in place",[140,147,148,149],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,150,151],{},"[]",[140,153,154],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,156,157,158,160],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,159,17],{},", but it contains no values.",[35,162,164],{"id":163},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,166,167],{},"Syntax:",[40,169,171],{"className":42,"code":170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,172,173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,174,175,178,180,182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,176,177],{"class":55},"my_list",[49,179,91],{"class":63},[49,181,95],{"class":94},[49,183,98],{"class":63},[20,185,186],{},"Important points:",[137,188,189,192,195],{},[140,190,191],{},"Call it on a list object",[140,193,194],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[140,196,197],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[35,199,201],{"id":200},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,203,204],{},"Here is a basic example:",[40,206,208],{"className":42,"code":207,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,209,210,239,245,256,261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,211,212,215,217,219,222,224,227,229,232,234,237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,213,214],{"class":55},"numbers ",[49,216,60],{"class":59},[49,218,64],{"class":63},[49,220,221],{"class":67},"10",[49,223,71],{"class":63},[49,225,226],{"class":67}," 20",[49,228,71],{"class":63},[49,230,231],{"class":67}," 30",[49,233,71],{"class":63},[49,235,236],{"class":67}," 40",[49,238,82],{"class":63},[49,240,241],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,242,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},true,"\n",[49,246,247,250,252,254],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,248,249],{"class":55},"numbers",[49,251,91],{"class":63},[49,253,95],{"class":94},[49,255,98],{"class":63},[49,257,259],{"class":51,"line":258},4,[49,260,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,262,264,266,268,270],{"class":51,"line":263},5,[49,265,105],{"class":104},[49,267,108],{"class":63},[49,269,249],{"class":94},[49,271,272],{"class":63},")\n",[20,274,275],{},"Output:",[40,277,279],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[]\n",[15,280,281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,282,283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,284,278],{"class":63},[20,286,287],{},"What happens here:",[137,289,290,295,301],{},[140,291,292,294],{},[15,293,249],{}," starts with four items",[140,296,297,300],{},[15,298,299],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[140,302,303],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,305,306,307,91],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[308,309,311],"a",{"href":310},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide","Python lists explained for beginners",[35,313,315],{"id":314},"return-value","Return value",[20,317,318,320,321,91],{},[15,319,17],{}," returns ",[15,322,323],{},"None",[20,325,326,327,330],{},"It does ",[30,328,329],{},"not"," create a new list.",[40,332,334],{"className":42,"code":333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,335,336,374,378,394,398,411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,337,338,340,342,344,348,351,353,355,358,361,363,365,367,370,372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,339,56],{"class":55},[49,341,60],{"class":59},[49,343,64],{"class":63},[49,345,347],{"class":346},"sjJ54","\"",[49,349,308],{"class":350},"s_sjI",[49,352,347],{"class":346},[49,354,71],{"class":63},[49,356,357],{"class":346}," \"",[49,359,360],{"class":350},"b",[49,362,347],{"class":346},[49,364,71],{"class":63},[49,366,357],{"class":346},[49,368,369],{"class":350},"c",[49,371,347],{"class":346},[49,373,82],{"class":63},[49,375,376],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,377,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,379,380,383,385,388,390,392],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,381,382],{"class":55},"result ",[49,384,60],{"class":59},[49,386,387],{"class":55}," items",[49,389,91],{"class":63},[49,391,95],{"class":94},[49,393,98],{"class":63},[49,395,396],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,397,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,399,400,402,404,406,408],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,401,105],{"class":104},[49,403,108],{"class":63},[49,405,88],{"class":94},[49,407,113],{"class":63},[49,409,410],{"class":116},"   # []\n",[49,412,414,416,418,421,423],{"class":51,"line":413},6,[49,415,105],{"class":104},[49,417,108],{"class":63},[49,419,420],{"class":94},"result",[49,422,113],{"class":63},[49,424,425],{"class":116},"  # None\n",[20,427,428],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[40,430,432],{"className":42,"code":431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,433,434,454,468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,435,436,438,440,442,444,446,448,450,452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,437,56],{"class":55},[49,439,60],{"class":59},[49,441,64],{"class":63},[49,443,68],{"class":67},[49,445,71],{"class":63},[49,447,74],{"class":67},[49,449,71],{"class":63},[49,451,79],{"class":67},[49,453,82],{"class":63},[49,455,456,458,460,462,464,466],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,457,56],{"class":55},[49,459,60],{"class":59},[49,461,387],{"class":55},[49,463,91],{"class":63},[49,465,95],{"class":94},[49,467,98],{"class":63},[49,469,470,472,474,476],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,471,105],{"class":104},[49,473,108],{"class":63},[49,475,88],{"class":94},[49,477,272],{"class":63},[20,479,480,481,483,484,486],{},"Then ",[15,482,88],{}," becomes ",[15,485,323],{},", not an empty list.",[35,488,490,492,493],{"id":489},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,491,17],{}," vs assigning ",[15,494,151],{},[20,496,497],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[40,499,500],{"className":42,"code":170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,501,502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,503,504,506,508,510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,505,177],{"class":55},[49,507,91],{"class":63},[49,509,95],{"class":94},[49,511,98],{"class":63},[40,513,515],{"className":42,"code":514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n",[15,516,517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,518,519,522,524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,520,521],{"class":55},"my_list ",[49,523,60],{"class":59},[49,525,526],{"class":63}," []\n",[528,529,531,533],"h3",{"id":530},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,532,17],{}," empties the same list object",[40,535,537],{"className":42,"code":536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,538,539,560,570,574,584,588,600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,540,541,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,542,543],{"class":55},"a ",[49,545,60],{"class":59},[49,547,64],{"class":63},[49,549,68],{"class":67},[49,551,71],{"class":63},[49,553,74],{"class":67},[49,555,71],{"class":63},[49,557,79],{"class":67},[49,559,82],{"class":63},[49,561,562,565,567],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,563,564],{"class":55},"b ",[49,566,60],{"class":59},[49,568,569],{"class":55}," a\n",[49,571,572],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,573,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,575,576,578,580,582],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,577,308],{"class":55},[49,579,91],{"class":63},[49,581,95],{"class":94},[49,583,98],{"class":63},[49,585,586],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,587,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,589,590,592,594,596,598],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,591,105],{"class":104},[49,593,108],{"class":63},[49,595,308],{"class":94},[49,597,113],{"class":63},[49,599,117],{"class":116},[49,601,603,605,607,609,611],{"class":51,"line":602},7,[49,604,105],{"class":104},[49,606,108],{"class":63},[49,608,360],{"class":94},[49,610,113],{"class":63},[49,612,117],{"class":116},[20,614,615,616,618,619,621],{},"Both ",[15,617,308],{}," and ",[15,620,360],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[528,623,625,628],{"id":624},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,626,627],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[40,630,632],{"className":42,"code":631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,633,634,654,662,666,674,678,690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,635,636,638,640,642,644,646,648,650,652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,637,543],{"class":55},[49,639,60],{"class":59},[49,641,64],{"class":63},[49,643,68],{"class":67},[49,645,71],{"class":63},[49,647,74],{"class":67},[49,649,71],{"class":63},[49,651,79],{"class":67},[49,653,82],{"class":63},[49,655,656,658,660],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,657,564],{"class":55},[49,659,60],{"class":59},[49,661,569],{"class":55},[49,663,664],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,665,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,667,668,670,672],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,669,543],{"class":55},[49,671,60],{"class":59},[49,673,526],{"class":63},[49,675,676],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,677,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,679,680,682,684,686,688],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,681,105],{"class":104},[49,683,108],{"class":63},[49,685,308],{"class":94},[49,687,113],{"class":63},[49,689,117],{"class":116},[49,691,692,694,696,698,700],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,693,105],{"class":104},[49,695,108],{"class":63},[49,697,360],{"class":94},[49,699,113],{"class":63},[49,701,702],{"class":116},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,704,705,706,708,709,711],{},"Here, ",[15,707,308],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,710,360],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,713,714],{},"This difference matters when:",[137,716,717,720,723],{},[140,718,719],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[140,721,722],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[140,724,725],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,727,728,729,91],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[308,730,732,733,736],{"href":731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,734,735],{},"copy()"," method",[35,738,740,741],{"id":739},"when-to-use-clear","When to use ",[15,742,17],{},[20,744,120,745,747],{},[15,746,17],{}," when you want to:",[137,749,750,753,756],{},[140,751,752],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[140,754,755],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[140,757,758],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,760,761],{},"Example:",[40,763,765],{"className":42,"code":764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,766,767,803,807,812,823,827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,768,769,772,774,776,778,781,783,785,787,790,792,794,796,799,801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,770,771],{"class":55},"shopping_cart ",[49,773,60],{"class":59},[49,775,64],{"class":63},[49,777,347],{"class":346},[49,779,780],{"class":350},"milk",[49,782,347],{"class":346},[49,784,71],{"class":63},[49,786,357],{"class":346},[49,788,789],{"class":350},"bread",[49,791,347],{"class":346},[49,793,71],{"class":63},[49,795,357],{"class":346},[49,797,798],{"class":350},"eggs",[49,800,347],{"class":346},[49,802,82],{"class":63},[49,804,805],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,806,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,808,809],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,810,811],{"class":116},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[49,813,814,817,819,821],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,815,816],{"class":55},"shopping_cart",[49,818,91],{"class":63},[49,820,95],{"class":94},[49,822,98],{"class":63},[49,824,825],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,826,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,828,829,831,833,835,837],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,830,105],{"class":104},[49,832,108],{"class":63},[49,834,816],{"class":94},[49,836,113],{"class":63},[49,838,117],{"class":116},[20,840,841,842,846,847,853,854,91],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[308,843,845],{"href":844},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[308,848,850,736],{"href":849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,851,852],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[308,855,857,736],{"href":856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,858,859],{},"list.pop()",[35,861,863],{"id":862},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[528,865,867,868,871,872],{"id":866},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,869,870],{},"my_list.clear"," instead of ",[15,873,874],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,876,877],{},"This does not call the method.",[40,879,881],{"className":42,"code":880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,882,883,903,907,917],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,884,885,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,886,56],{"class":55},[49,888,60],{"class":59},[49,890,64],{"class":63},[49,892,68],{"class":67},[49,894,71],{"class":63},[49,896,74],{"class":67},[49,898,71],{"class":63},[49,900,79],{"class":67},[49,902,82],{"class":63},[49,904,905],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,906,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,908,909,911,913],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,910,88],{"class":55},[49,912,91],{"class":63},[49,914,916],{"class":915},"skxfh","clear\n",[49,918,919,921,923,925],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,920,105],{"class":104},[49,922,108],{"class":63},[49,924,88],{"class":94},[49,926,272],{"class":63},[20,928,275],{},[40,930,932],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,933,934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,935,936,939,941,943,945,947,949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,937,938],{"class":63},"[",[49,940,68],{"class":67},[49,942,71],{"class":63},[49,944,74],{"class":67},[49,946,71],{"class":63},[49,948,79],{"class":67},[49,950,82],{"class":63},[20,952,953],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,955,956],{},"Correct version:",[40,958,960],{"className":42,"code":959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,961,962,982,986,996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,963,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,965,56],{"class":55},[49,967,60],{"class":59},[49,969,64],{"class":63},[49,971,68],{"class":67},[49,973,71],{"class":63},[49,975,74],{"class":67},[49,977,71],{"class":63},[49,979,79],{"class":67},[49,981,82],{"class":63},[49,983,984],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,985,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,987,988,990,992,994],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,989,88],{"class":55},[49,991,91],{"class":63},[49,993,95],{"class":94},[49,995,98],{"class":63},[49,997,998,1000,1002,1004,1006],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,999,105],{"class":104},[49,1001,108],{"class":63},[49,1003,88],{"class":94},[49,1005,113],{"class":63},[49,1007,117],{"class":116},[528,1009,1011,1012,1014],{"id":1010},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list","Expecting ",[15,1013,17],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,1016,1017,320,1019,1021],{},[15,1018,17],{},[15,1020,323],{},", not the list.",[40,1023,1025],{"className":42,"code":1024,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,1026,1027,1047,1061,1065,1077],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1028,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1030,56],{"class":55},[49,1032,60],{"class":59},[49,1034,64],{"class":63},[49,1036,68],{"class":67},[49,1038,71],{"class":63},[49,1040,74],{"class":67},[49,1042,71],{"class":63},[49,1044,79],{"class":67},[49,1046,82],{"class":63},[49,1048,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1050,382],{"class":55},[49,1052,60],{"class":59},[49,1054,387],{"class":55},[49,1056,91],{"class":63},[49,1058,95],{"class":94},[49,1060,98],{"class":63},[49,1062,1063],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1064,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,1066,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,1068,105],{"class":104},[49,1070,108],{"class":63},[49,1072,420],{"class":94},[49,1074,113],{"class":63},[49,1076,425],{"class":116},[49,1078,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,1080,105],{"class":104},[49,1082,108],{"class":63},[49,1084,88],{"class":94},[49,1086,113],{"class":63},[49,1088,410],{"class":116},[528,1090,1092,1093,1095],{"id":1091},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list","Using ",[15,1094,17],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,1097,1098,1099,1101],{},"Some types have a ",[15,1100,17],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,1103,1104],{},"This will fail:",[40,1106,1108],{"className":42,"code":1107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,1109,1110,1125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1111,1112,1115,1117,1119,1122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1113,1114],{"class":55},"text ",[49,1116,60],{"class":59},[49,1118,357],{"class":346},[49,1120,1121],{"class":350},"hello",[49,1123,1124],{"class":346},"\"\n",[49,1126,1127,1130,1132,1134],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1128,1129],{"class":55},"text",[49,1131,91],{"class":63},[49,1133,95],{"class":94},[49,1135,98],{"class":63},[20,1137,1138,1139,1141],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,1140,17],{}," method.",[20,1143,1144,1145,1147],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,1146,323],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,1149,1150],{},"Useful checks:",[40,1152,1154],{"className":42,"code":1153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,1155,1156,1166,1183,1198,1208,1218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1159,105],{"class":104},[49,1161,108],{"class":63},[49,1163,177],{"class":94},[49,1165,272],{"class":63},[49,1167,1168,1170,1172,1176,1178,1180],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1169,105],{"class":104},[49,1171,108],{"class":63},[49,1173,1175],{"class":1174},"sZMiF","type",[49,1177,108],{"class":63},[49,1179,177],{"class":94},[49,1181,1182],{"class":63},"))\n",[49,1184,1185,1187,1189,1192,1194,1196],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1186,105],{"class":104},[49,1188,108],{"class":63},[49,1190,1191],{"class":104},"id",[49,1193,108],{"class":63},[49,1195,177],{"class":94},[49,1197,1182],{"class":63},[49,1199,1200,1203,1205],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,1201,1202],{"class":55},"other ",[49,1204,60],{"class":59},[49,1206,1207],{"class":55}," my_list\n",[49,1209,1210,1212,1214,1216],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,1211,177],{"class":55},[49,1213,91],{"class":63},[49,1215,95],{"class":94},[49,1217,98],{"class":63},[49,1219,1220,1222,1224,1227],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,1221,105],{"class":104},[49,1223,108],{"class":63},[49,1225,1226],{"class":94},"other",[49,1228,272],{"class":63},[20,1230,1231],{},"These can help you see:",[137,1233,1234,1237,1240],{},[140,1235,1236],{},"What the variable currently contains",[140,1238,1239],{},"Whether it is really a list",[140,1241,1242],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,1244,1245,1246,91],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[308,1247,1249],{"href":1248},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","fixing attribute errors in Python",[35,1251,1253],{"id":1252},"faq","FAQ",[528,1255,1257,1258,1260],{"id":1256},"does-listclear-delete-the-list","Does ",[15,1259,24],{}," delete the list?",[20,1262,1263],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[528,1265,1257,1267,1269],{"id":1266},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,1268,24],{}," return a new list?",[20,1271,1272,1273,1275],{},"No. It returns ",[15,1274,323],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[528,1277,1279,1280,618,1282,1284],{"id":1278},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list","What is the difference between ",[15,1281,17],{},[15,1283,627],{},"?",[20,1286,1287,1289,1290,1292],{},[15,1288,17],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,1291,627],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[528,1294,1296,1297,1299],{"id":1295},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types","Can I use ",[15,1298,17],{}," on other types?",[20,1301,1302,1303,1305],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,1304,17],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[35,1307,1309],{"id":1308},"see-also","See also",[137,1311,1312,1316,1321,1329,1336,1342],{},[140,1313,1314],{},[308,1315,311],{"href":310},[140,1317,1318],{},[308,1319,1320],{"href":844},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[140,1322,1323],{},[308,1324,1325,1326,736],{"href":856},"Python list ",[15,1327,1328],{},"pop()",[140,1330,1331],{},[308,1332,1325,1333,736],{"href":849},[15,1334,1335],{},"remove()",[140,1337,1338],{},[308,1339,1325,1340,736],{"href":731},[15,1341,735],{},[140,1343,1344],{},[308,1345,1346,1347,1350],{"href":1248},"Fix ",[15,1348,1349],{},"'list' object has no attribute"," errors",[1352,1353,1354],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":1356},[1357,1358,1360,1361,1362,1363,1370,1372,1380,1390],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":126,"depth":85,"text":1359},"What list.clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":489,"depth":85,"text":1364,"children":1365},"clear() vs assigning []",[1366,1368],{"id":530,"depth":101,"text":1367},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":624,"depth":101,"text":1369},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":739,"depth":85,"text":1371},"When to use clear()",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":1373},[1374,1376,1378],{"id":866,"depth":101,"text":1375},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":1010,"depth":101,"text":1377},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":1091,"depth":101,"text":1379},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":1381},[1382,1384,1386,1388],{"id":1256,"depth":101,"text":1383},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":1266,"depth":101,"text":1385},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":1278,"depth":101,"text":1387},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":1295,"depth":101,"text":1389},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":5,"description":1391},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",[1399,3002,4708,6406,8541,10741,12246,14424,16631,19089,20926,23492,25590,27871,29818,31728,33723,35161,36989,39513,41673,42902,44272,45920,48241,50085,52066,53757,54868,56562,58313,60285,62035,64135,65495,67446,69009,71000,72795,74695,77137,79215,81855,83884,85847,88035,90039,92352,94034,95479,96673,97851,99691,102131,103835,105850,107374,108619,109782,111164,113235,115132,116906,118772,120891,122631,124093,125687,127610,129287,131222,132711,135495,137072,138631,140659,142611,144074,145263,147149,148560,150256,151810,153232,154635,156533,158927,160758],{"id":1400,"title":1401,"body":1402,"description":2996,"extension":1392,"meta":2997,"navigation":243,"path":2998,"seo":2999,"stem":3000,"__hash__":3001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1403,"toc":2968},[1404,1407,1414,1417,1428,1431,1435,1501,1503,1523,1528,1532,1537,1540,1556,1559,1585,1588,1590,1593,1609,1612,1639,1641,1699,1701,1716,1726,1737,1741,1744,1797,1799,1819,1822,1845,1852,1856,1861,1867,1869,1907,1909,1918,1924,1942,1945,1957,1961,1966,1970,1973,1993,1995,2052,2054,2062,2065,2069,2101,2103,2111,2114,2118,2123,2171,2173,2181,2185,2245,2247,2255,2258,2262,2266,2269,2292,2301,2317,2368,2370,2385,2396,2400,2403,2432,2439,2443,2448,2489,2491,2502,2505,2548,2550,2558,2562,2567,2589,2591,2600,2609,2613,2618,2640,2642,2712,2714,2766,2769,2772,2775,2854,2856,2887,2889,2893,2896,2900,2903,2907,2910,2914,2926,2930,2933,2935,2965],[10,1405,1401],{"id":1406},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1408,1409,1410,1413],{},"The ",[15,1411,1412],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1415,1416],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[137,1418,1419,1422,1425],{},[140,1420,1421],{},"a number without its negative sign",[140,1423,1424],{},"the distance between two numbers",[140,1426,1427],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1429,1430],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[35,1432,1434],{"id":1433},"quick-example","Quick example",[40,1436,1438],{"className":42,"code":1437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1439,1440,1459,1474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1441,1442,1444,1446,1449,1451,1454,1457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1443,105],{"class":104},[49,1445,108],{"class":63},[49,1447,1448],{"class":104},"abs",[49,1450,108],{"class":63},[49,1452,1453],{"class":59},"-",[49,1455,1456],{"class":67},"7",[49,1458,1182],{"class":63},[49,1460,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1472],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1462,105],{"class":104},[49,1464,108],{"class":63},[49,1466,1448],{"class":104},[49,1468,108],{"class":63},[49,1470,1471],{"class":67},"3.5",[49,1473,1182],{"class":63},[49,1475,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1489,1492,1495,1499],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1477,105],{"class":104},[49,1479,108],{"class":63},[49,1481,1448],{"class":104},[49,1483,108],{"class":63},[49,1485,1453],{"class":59},[49,1487,1488],{"class":67},"2",[49,1490,1491],{"class":59},"+",[49,1493,1494],{"class":67},"3",[49,1496,1498],{"class":1497},"sbsja","j",[49,1500,1182],{"class":63},[20,1502,275],{},[40,1504,1506],{"className":42,"code":1505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1507,1508,1513,1518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1509,1510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1511,1512],{"class":67},"7\n",[49,1514,1515],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1516,1517],{"class":67},"3.5\n",[49,1519,1520],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1521,1522],{"class":67},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1524,120,1525,1527],{},[15,1526,1412],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[35,1529,1531],{"id":1530},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1533,1534,1536],{},[15,1535,1412],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1538,1539],{},"That means:",[137,1541,1542,1545,1548],{},[140,1543,1544],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[140,1546,1547],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[140,1549,1550,1553,1554],{},[15,1551,1552],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1555,1552],{},[20,1557,1558],{},"Examples:",[137,1560,1561,1570,1578],{},[140,1562,1563,1566,1567],{},[15,1564,1565],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1568,1569],{},"5",[140,1571,1572,1566,1575],{},[15,1573,1574],{},"abs(9)",[15,1576,1577],{},"9",[140,1579,1580,1566,1583],{},[15,1581,1582],{},"abs(0)",[15,1584,1552],{},[20,1586,1587],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[35,1589,164],{"id":163},[20,1591,1592],{},"The syntax is:",[40,1594,1596],{"className":42,"code":1595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(x)\n",[15,1597,1598],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1599,1600,1602,1604,1607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1601,1448],{"class":104},[49,1603,108],{"class":63},[49,1605,1606],{"class":94},"x",[49,1608,272],{"class":63},[20,1610,1611],{},"Here:",[137,1613,1614,1631,1636],{},[140,1615,1616,1618,1619,1622,1623,1626,1627,1630],{},[15,1617,1606],{}," is usually an ",[15,1620,1621],{},"int",", ",[15,1624,1625],{},"float",", or ",[15,1628,1629],{},"complex"," number",[140,1632,1633,1635],{},[15,1634,1412],{}," returns a new value",[140,1637,1638],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1640,761],{},[40,1642,1644],{"className":42,"code":1643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1645,1646,1659,1675,1679,1689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1647,1648,1651,1653,1656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1649,1650],{"class":55},"number ",[49,1652,60],{"class":59},[49,1654,1655],{"class":59}," -",[49,1657,1658],{"class":67},"12\n",[49,1660,1661,1663,1665,1668,1670,1673],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1662,382],{"class":55},[49,1664,60],{"class":59},[49,1666,1667],{"class":104}," abs",[49,1669,108],{"class":63},[49,1671,1672],{"class":94},"number",[49,1674,272],{"class":63},[49,1676,1677],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1678,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,1680,1681,1683,1685,1687],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,1682,105],{"class":104},[49,1684,108],{"class":63},[49,1686,1672],{"class":94},[49,1688,272],{"class":63},[49,1690,1691,1693,1695,1697],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,1692,105],{"class":104},[49,1694,108],{"class":63},[49,1696,420],{"class":94},[49,1698,272],{"class":63},[20,1700,275],{},[40,1702,1704],{"className":42,"code":1703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-12\n12\n",[15,1705,1706,1712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1707,1708,1710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1709,1453],{"class":59},[49,1711,1658],{"class":67},[49,1713,1714],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1715,1658],{"class":67},[20,1717,1718,1719,1721,1722,1725],{},"Notice that ",[15,1720,1672],{}," is still ",[15,1723,1724],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1727,1728,1729,1736],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[308,1730,1732,1735],{"href":1731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1733,1734],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[35,1738,1740],{"id":1739},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1742,1743],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[40,1745,1747],{"className":42,"code":1746,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1748,1749,1765,1780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1752,105],{"class":104},[49,1754,108],{"class":63},[49,1756,1448],{"class":104},[49,1758,108],{"class":63},[49,1760,1453],{"class":59},[49,1762,221],{"class":67},[49,1764,1182],{"class":63},[49,1766,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775,1778],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1768,105],{"class":104},[49,1770,108],{"class":63},[49,1772,1448],{"class":104},[49,1774,108],{"class":63},[49,1776,1777],{"class":67},"8",[49,1779,1182],{"class":63},[49,1781,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1795],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1783,105],{"class":104},[49,1785,108],{"class":63},[49,1787,1448],{"class":104},[49,1789,108],{"class":63},[49,1791,1453],{"class":59},[49,1793,1794],{"class":67},"4.2",[49,1796,1182],{"class":63},[20,1798,275],{},[40,1800,1802],{"className":42,"code":1801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1803,1804,1809,1814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1805,1806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1807,1808],{"class":67},"10\n",[49,1810,1811],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1812,1813],{"class":67},"8\n",[49,1815,1816],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,1817,1818],{"class":67},"4.2\n",[20,1820,1821],{},"What each line does:",[137,1823,1824,1831,1838],{},[140,1825,1826,320,1829],{},[15,1827,1828],{},"abs(-10)",[15,1830,221],{},[140,1832,1833,320,1836],{},[15,1834,1835],{},"abs(8)",[15,1837,1777],{},[140,1839,1840,320,1843],{},[15,1841,1842],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1844,1794],{},[20,1846,1847,1848,91],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[308,1849,1851],{"href":1850},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[35,1853,1855],{"id":1854},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1857,1858,1860],{},[15,1859,1412],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1862,1863,1864,1866],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1865,1552],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1868,761],{},[40,1870,1872],{"className":42,"code":1871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1873,1874,1892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1875,1876,1879,1881,1883,1886,1889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1877,1878],{"class":55},"value ",[49,1880,60],{"class":59},[49,1882,79],{"class":67},[49,1884,1885],{"class":59}," +",[49,1887,1888],{"class":67}," 4",[49,1890,1891],{"class":1497},"j\n",[49,1893,1894,1896,1898,1900,1902,1905],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,1895,105],{"class":104},[49,1897,108],{"class":63},[49,1899,1448],{"class":104},[49,1901,108],{"class":63},[49,1903,1904],{"class":94},"value",[49,1906,1182],{"class":63},[20,1908,275],{},[40,1910,1912],{"className":42,"code":1911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n",[15,1913,1914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1915,1916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1917,1911],{"class":67},[20,1919,1920,1921,1284],{},"Why ",[15,1922,1923],{},"5.0",[137,1925,1926,1931,1937],{},[140,1927,1928,1929],{},"the real part is ",[15,1930,1494],{},[140,1932,1933,1934],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1935,1936],{},"4",[140,1938,1939,1940],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1941,1923],{},[20,1943,1944],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[137,1946,1947,1954],{},[140,1948,1949,1951,1952],{},[15,1950,1412],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1953,1625],{},[140,1955,1956],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[35,1958,1960],{"id":1959},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1962,1963,1964,91],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1965,1412],{},[528,1967,1969],{"id":1968},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1971,1972],{},"A very common pattern is:",[40,1974,1976],{"className":42,"code":1975,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1977,1978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1979,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1981,1448],{"class":104},[49,1983,108],{"class":63},[49,1985,543],{"class":94},[49,1987,1453],{"class":59},[49,1989,1990],{"class":94}," b",[49,1992,272],{"class":63},[20,1994,761],{},[40,1996,1998],{"className":42,"code":1997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,1999,2000,2009,2018,2022,2041],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2001,2002,2004,2006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2003,543],{"class":55},[49,2005,60],{"class":59},[49,2007,2008],{"class":67}," 3\n",[49,2010,2011,2013,2015],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2012,564],{"class":55},[49,2014,60],{"class":59},[49,2016,2017],{"class":67}," 10\n",[49,2019,2020],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2021,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2023,2024,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2025,2026],{"class":55},"distance ",[49,2028,60],{"class":59},[49,2030,1667],{"class":104},[49,2032,108],{"class":63},[49,2034,543],{"class":94},[49,2036,1453],{"class":59},[49,2038,1990],{"class":94},[49,2040,272],{"class":63},[49,2042,2043,2045,2047,2050],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,2044,105],{"class":104},[49,2046,108],{"class":63},[49,2048,2049],{"class":94},"distance",[49,2051,272],{"class":63},[20,2053,275],{},[40,2055,2056],{"className":42,"code":1512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2057,2058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2059,2060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2061,1512],{"class":67},[20,2063,2064],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[528,2066,2068],{"id":2067},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[40,2070,2072],{"className":42,"code":2071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2073,2074,2086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2075,2076,2079,2081,2083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2077,2078],{"class":55},"temperature_change ",[49,2080,60],{"class":59},[49,2082,1655],{"class":59},[49,2084,2085],{"class":67},"6\n",[49,2087,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2099],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2089,105],{"class":104},[49,2091,108],{"class":63},[49,2093,1448],{"class":104},[49,2095,108],{"class":63},[49,2097,2098],{"class":94},"temperature_change",[49,2100,1182],{"class":63},[20,2102,275],{},[40,2104,2105],{"className":42,"code":2085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2106,2107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2108,2109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2110,2085],{"class":67},[20,2112,2113],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[528,2115,2117],{"id":2116},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2119,2120,2121,1736],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2122,1412],{},[40,2124,2126],{"className":42,"code":2125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2127,2128,2140,2156,2160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2129,2130,2133,2135,2137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2131,2132],{"class":55},"balance_change ",[49,2134,60],{"class":59},[49,2136,1655],{"class":59},[49,2138,2139],{"class":67},"25\n",[49,2141,2142,2145,2147,2149,2151,2154],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2143,2144],{"class":55},"safe_value ",[49,2146,60],{"class":59},[49,2148,1667],{"class":104},[49,2150,108],{"class":63},[49,2152,2153],{"class":94},"balance_change",[49,2155,272],{"class":63},[49,2157,2158],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2159,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2161,2162,2164,2166,2169],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2163,105],{"class":104},[49,2165,108],{"class":63},[49,2167,2168],{"class":94},"safe_value",[49,2170,272],{"class":63},[20,2172,275],{},[40,2174,2175],{"className":42,"code":2139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2176,2177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2178,2179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2180,2139],{"class":67},[528,2182,2184],{"id":2183},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[40,2186,2188],{"className":42,"code":2187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2189,2190,2200,2210,2214,2234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2191,2192,2195,2197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2193,2194],{"class":55},"guess ",[49,2196,60],{"class":59},[49,2198,2199],{"class":67}," 42\n",[49,2201,2202,2205,2207],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2203,2204],{"class":55},"target ",[49,2206,60],{"class":59},[49,2208,2209],{"class":67}," 50\n",[49,2211,2212],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2213,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2215,2216,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2232],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2217,2218],{"class":55},"difference ",[49,2220,60],{"class":59},[49,2222,1667],{"class":104},[49,2224,108],{"class":63},[49,2226,2194],{"class":94},[49,2228,1453],{"class":59},[49,2230,2231],{"class":94}," target",[49,2233,272],{"class":63},[49,2235,2236,2238,2240,2243],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,2237,105],{"class":104},[49,2239,108],{"class":63},[49,2241,2242],{"class":94},"difference",[49,2244,272],{"class":63},[20,2246,275],{},[40,2248,2249],{"className":42,"code":1813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2250,2251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2252,2253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2254,1813],{"class":67},[20,2256,2257],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[35,2259,2261],{"id":2260},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[528,2263,2265],{"id":2264},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2267,2268],{},"This causes an error:",[40,2270,2272],{"className":42,"code":2271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2273,2274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2275,2276,2278,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2277,105],{"class":104},[49,2279,108],{"class":63},[49,2281,1448],{"class":104},[49,2283,108],{"class":63},[49,2285,347],{"class":346},[49,2287,1569],{"class":350},[49,2289,347],{"class":346},[49,2291,1182],{"class":63},[20,2293,2294,2297,2298,2300],{},[15,2295,2296],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2299,1412],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2302,2303,2304,2310,2311,135],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[308,2305,2307],{"href":2306},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2308,2309],{},"int()"," or ",[308,2312,2314],{"href":2313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2315,2316],{},"float()",[40,2318,2320],{"className":42,"code":2319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2321,2322,2345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2323,2324,2326,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2325,105],{"class":104},[49,2327,108],{"class":63},[49,2329,1448],{"class":104},[49,2331,108],{"class":63},[49,2333,1621],{"class":1174},[49,2335,108],{"class":63},[49,2337,347],{"class":346},[49,2339,1569],{"class":350},[49,2341,347],{"class":346},[49,2343,2344],{"class":63},")))\n",[49,2346,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2364,2366],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2348,105],{"class":104},[49,2350,108],{"class":63},[49,2352,1448],{"class":104},[49,2354,108],{"class":63},[49,2356,1625],{"class":1174},[49,2358,108],{"class":63},[49,2360,347],{"class":346},[49,2362,2363],{"class":350},"-3.2",[49,2365,347],{"class":346},[49,2367,2344],{"class":63},[20,2369,275],{},[40,2371,2373],{"className":42,"code":2372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2374,2375,2380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2376,2377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2378,2379],{"class":67},"5\n",[49,2381,2382],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2383,2384],{"class":67},"3.2\n",[20,2386,2387,2388,2391,2392,91],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2389,2390],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[308,2393,2395],{"href":2394},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[528,2397,2399],{"id":2398},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2401,2402],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[40,2404,2406],{"className":42,"code":2405,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2407,2408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2409,2410,2412,2414,2416,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2411,105],{"class":104},[49,2413,108],{"class":63},[49,2415,1448],{"class":104},[49,2417,2418],{"class":63},"([",[49,2420,68],{"class":67},[49,2422,71],{"class":63},[49,2424,74],{"class":67},[49,2426,71],{"class":63},[49,2428,79],{"class":67},[49,2430,2431],{"class":63},"]))\n",[20,2433,2434,2435,2438],{},"This raises a ",[15,2436,2437],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[528,2440,2442],{"id":2441},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2444,2445,2447],{},[15,2446,1412],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[40,2449,2451],{"className":42,"code":2450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2452,2453,2465,2475,2479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2454,2455,2458,2460,2462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2456,2457],{"class":55},"x ",[49,2459,60],{"class":59},[49,2461,1655],{"class":59},[49,2463,2464],{"class":67},"9\n",[49,2466,2467,2469,2471,2473],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2468,1448],{"class":104},[49,2470,108],{"class":63},[49,2472,1606],{"class":94},[49,2474,272],{"class":63},[49,2476,2477],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2478,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2480,2481,2483,2485,2487],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2482,105],{"class":104},[49,2484,108],{"class":63},[49,2486,1606],{"class":94},[49,2488,272],{"class":63},[20,2490,275],{},[40,2492,2494],{"className":42,"code":2493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-9\n",[15,2495,2496],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2497,2498,2500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2499,1453],{"class":59},[49,2501,2464],{"class":67},[20,2503,2504],{},"If you want to store the result:",[40,2506,2508],{"className":42,"code":2507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2509,2510,2520,2534,2538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2511,2512,2514,2516,2518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2513,2457],{"class":55},[49,2515,60],{"class":59},[49,2517,1655],{"class":59},[49,2519,2464],{"class":67},[49,2521,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2523,2457],{"class":55},[49,2525,60],{"class":59},[49,2527,1667],{"class":104},[49,2529,108],{"class":63},[49,2531,1606],{"class":94},[49,2533,272],{"class":63},[49,2535,2536],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2537,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2539,2540,2542,2544,2546],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2541,105],{"class":104},[49,2543,108],{"class":63},[49,2545,1606],{"class":94},[49,2547,272],{"class":63},[20,2549,275],{},[40,2551,2552],{"className":42,"code":2464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2553,2554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2555,2556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2557,2464],{"class":67},[528,2559,2561],{"id":2560},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2563,2564,2566],{},[15,2565,1412],{}," does not round numbers.",[40,2568,2570],{"className":42,"code":2569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2571,2572],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2573,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2575,105],{"class":104},[49,2577,108],{"class":63},[49,2579,1448],{"class":104},[49,2581,108],{"class":63},[49,2583,1453],{"class":59},[49,2585,2586],{"class":67},"4.7",[49,2588,1182],{"class":63},[20,2590,275],{},[40,2592,2594],{"className":42,"code":2593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.7\n",[15,2595,2596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2597,2598],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2599,2593],{"class":67},[20,2601,2602,2603,2605,2606,2608],{},"If you expected ",[15,2604,1569],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2607,1412],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[35,2610,2612],{"id":2611},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2614,2615,2617],{},[15,2616,1412],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[137,2619,2620,2627,2634],{},[140,2621,2622,2624,2625],{},[15,2623,1621],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2626,1621],{},[140,2628,2629,2631,2632],{},[15,2630,1625],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2633,1625],{},[140,2635,2636,2631,2638],{},[15,2637,1629],{},[15,2639,1625],{},[20,2641,761],{},[40,2643,2645],{"className":42,"code":2644,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2646,2647,2667,2688],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2650,105],{"class":104},[49,2652,108],{"class":63},[49,2654,1175],{"class":1174},[49,2656,108],{"class":63},[49,2658,1448],{"class":104},[49,2660,108],{"class":63},[49,2662,1453],{"class":59},[49,2664,1569],{"class":67},[49,2666,2344],{"class":63},[49,2668,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2686],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2670,105],{"class":104},[49,2672,108],{"class":63},[49,2674,1175],{"class":1174},[49,2676,108],{"class":63},[49,2678,1448],{"class":104},[49,2680,108],{"class":63},[49,2682,1453],{"class":59},[49,2684,2685],{"class":67},"3.2",[49,2687,2344],{"class":63},[49,2689,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2691,105],{"class":104},[49,2693,108],{"class":63},[49,2695,1175],{"class":1174},[49,2697,108],{"class":63},[49,2699,1448],{"class":104},[49,2701,108],{"class":63},[49,2703,1494],{"class":67},[49,2705,1885],{"class":59},[49,2707,1888],{"class":67},[49,2709,1498],{"class":1497},[49,2711,2344],{"class":63},[20,2713,275],{},[40,2715,2717],{"className":42,"code":2716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2718,2719,2738,2752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2720,2721,2724,2727,2730,2732,2735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2722,2723],{"class":59},"\u003C",[49,2725,2726],{"class":1497},"class",[49,2728,2729],{"class":346}," '",[49,2731,1621],{"class":350},[49,2733,2734],{"class":346},"'",[49,2736,2737],{"class":59},">\n",[49,2739,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2741,2723],{"class":59},[49,2743,2726],{"class":1497},[49,2745,2729],{"class":346},[49,2747,1625],{"class":350},[49,2749,2734],{"class":346},[49,2751,2737],{"class":59},[49,2753,2754,2756,2758,2760,2762,2764],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2755,2723],{"class":59},[49,2757,2726],{"class":1497},[49,2759,2729],{"class":346},[49,2761,1625],{"class":350},[49,2763,2734],{"class":346},[49,2765,2737],{"class":59},[20,2767,2768],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2770,2771],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2773,2774],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[40,2776,2778],{"className":42,"code":2777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2779,2780,2793,2803,2817,2821,2835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2781,2782,2784,2786,2788,2791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2783,1878],{"class":55},[49,2785,60],{"class":59},[49,2787,357],{"class":346},[49,2789,2790],{"class":350},"-5",[49,2792,1124],{"class":346},[49,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2796,105],{"class":104},[49,2798,108],{"class":63},[49,2800,1904],{"class":94},[49,2802,272],{"class":63},[49,2804,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2806,105],{"class":104},[49,2808,108],{"class":63},[49,2810,1175],{"class":1174},[49,2812,108],{"class":63},[49,2814,1904],{"class":94},[49,2816,1182],{"class":63},[49,2818,2819],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,2820,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,2822,2823,2826,2828,2830,2833],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,2824,2825],{"class":55},"user_input ",[49,2827,60],{"class":59},[49,2829,357],{"class":346},[49,2831,2832],{"class":350},"-3.7",[49,2834,1124],{"class":346},[49,2836,2837,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2849,2852],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,2838,105],{"class":104},[49,2840,108],{"class":63},[49,2842,1448],{"class":104},[49,2844,108],{"class":63},[49,2846,1625],{"class":1174},[49,2848,108],{"class":63},[49,2850,2851],{"class":94},"user_input",[49,2853,2344],{"class":63},[20,2855,275],{},[40,2857,2859],{"className":42,"code":2858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2860,2861,2867,2882],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2862,2863,2865],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2864,1453],{"class":59},[49,2866,2379],{"class":67},[49,2868,2869,2871,2873,2875,2878,2880],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,2870,2723],{"class":59},[49,2872,2726],{"class":1497},[49,2874,2729],{"class":346},[49,2876,2877],{"class":350},"str",[49,2879,2734],{"class":346},[49,2881,2737],{"class":59},[49,2883,2884],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,2885,2886],{"class":67},"3.7\n",[35,2888,1253],{"id":1252},[528,2890,2892],{"id":2891},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2894,2895],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[528,2897,2899],{"id":2898},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2901,2902],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[528,2904,2906],{"id":2905},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2908,2909],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[528,2911,2913],{"id":2912},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2915,2916,2918,2919,2310,2921,2923,2924,91],{},[15,2917,2390],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2920,2309],{},[15,2922,2316],{}," before using ",[15,2925,1412],{},[528,2927,2929],{"id":2928},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2931,2932],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[35,2934,1309],{"id":1308},[137,2936,2937,2944,2950,2956,2961],{},[140,2938,2939],{},[308,2940,2941,2943],{"href":2306},[15,2942,2309],{}," function explained",[140,2945,2946],{},[308,2947,2948,2943],{"href":2313},[15,2949,2316],{},[140,2951,2952],{},[308,2953,2954,2943],{"href":1731},[15,2955,1734],{},[140,2957,2958],{},[308,2959,2960],{"href":2394},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[140,2962,2963],{},[308,2964,1851],{"href":1850},[1352,2966,2967],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":2969},[2970,2971,2972,2973,2974,2975,2981,2987,2988,2995],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":1530,"depth":85,"text":1531},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":1739,"depth":85,"text":1740},{"id":1854,"depth":85,"text":1855},{"id":1959,"depth":85,"text":1960,"children":2976},[2977,2978,2979,2980],{"id":1968,"depth":101,"text":1969},{"id":2067,"depth":101,"text":2068},{"id":2116,"depth":101,"text":2117},{"id":2183,"depth":101,"text":2184},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":2982},[2983,2984,2985,2986],{"id":2264,"depth":101,"text":2265},{"id":2398,"depth":101,"text":2399},{"id":2441,"depth":101,"text":2442},{"id":2560,"depth":101,"text":2561},{"id":2611,"depth":85,"text":2612},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":2989},[2990,2991,2992,2993,2994],{"id":2891,"depth":101,"text":2892},{"id":2898,"depth":101,"text":2899},{"id":2905,"depth":101,"text":2906},{"id":2912,"depth":101,"text":2913},{"id":2928,"depth":101,"text":2929},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1401,"description":2996},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3003,"title":3004,"body":3005,"description":4702,"extension":1392,"meta":4703,"navigation":243,"path":4704,"seo":4705,"stem":4706,"__hash__":4707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3006,"toc":4666},[3007,3015,3021,3024,3041,3043,3096,3106,3111,3115,3134,3137,3154,3157,3161,3169,3186,3189,3227,3230,3237,3243,3320,3322,3353,3359,3363,3367,3406,3408,3417,3424,3428,3467,3469,3478,3488,3492,3548,3550,3558,3561,3564,3611,3613,3621,3627,3634,3639,3642,3645,3712,3714,3722,3725,3792,3794,3802,3816,3819,3830,3834,3840,3843,3845,3861,3863,3871,3874,3877,3880,3897,3900,3903,3933,3935,3948,3950,3954,3957,3972,3977,3980,4007,4014,4017,4057,4063,4069,4077,4080,4132,4139,4203,4208,4217,4220,4238,4244,4247,4389,4394,4399,4402,4413,4416,4472,4474,4482,4485,4544,4546,4554,4557,4568,4570,4577,4586,4595,4598,4605,4608,4616,4629,4631,4663],[10,3008,3010,3011,3014],{"id":3009},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3012,3013],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3016,3017,3018,3020],{},"Python’s ",[15,3019,3013],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3022,3023],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[137,3025,3026,3029,3032],{},[140,3027,3028],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[140,3030,3031],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[140,3033,3034,320,3037,3040],{},[15,3035,3036],{},"all([])",[15,3038,3039],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[35,3042,38],{"id":37},[40,3044,3046],{"className":42,"code":3045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3047,3048,3068,3083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3049,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062,3064,3066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3051,214],{"class":55},[49,3053,60],{"class":59},[49,3055,64],{"class":63},[49,3057,68],{"class":67},[49,3059,71],{"class":63},[49,3061,74],{"class":67},[49,3063,71],{"class":63},[49,3065,79],{"class":67},[49,3067,82],{"class":63},[49,3069,3070,3072,3074,3077,3079,3081],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3071,382],{"class":55},[49,3073,60],{"class":59},[49,3075,3076],{"class":104}," all",[49,3078,108],{"class":63},[49,3080,249],{"class":94},[49,3082,272],{"class":63},[49,3084,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,3086,105],{"class":104},[49,3088,108],{"class":63},[49,3090,420],{"class":94},[49,3092,113],{"class":63},[49,3094,3095],{"class":116},"  # True\n",[20,3097,3098,320,3100,3102,3103,91],{},[15,3099,3013],{},[15,3101,3039],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3104,3105],{},"False",[35,3107,127,3109,130],{"id":3108},"what-all-does",[15,3110,3013],{},[20,3112,3113,135],{},[15,3114,3013],{},[137,3116,3117,3120,3126,3131],{},[140,3118,3119],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[140,3121,3122,3123,3125],{},"returns ",[15,3124,3039],{}," if all items are truthy",[140,3127,3122,3128,3130],{},[15,3129,3105],{}," if any item is falsy",[140,3132,3133],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3135,3136],{},"Basic syntax:",[40,3138,3140],{"className":42,"code":3139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3141,3142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3143,3144,3147,3149,3152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3145,3146],{"class":104},"all",[49,3148,108],{"class":63},[49,3150,3151],{"class":94},"iterable",[49,3153,272],{"class":63},[20,3155,3156],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[35,3158,3160],{"id":3159},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3162,3163,3164,2310,3166,3168],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3165,3039],{},[15,3167,3105],{}," in conditions.",[137,3170,3171,3179],{},[140,3172,3173,3176,3177],{},[30,3174,3175],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3178,3039],{},[140,3180,3181,3176,3184],{},[30,3182,3183],{},"Falsy",[15,3185,3105],{},[20,3187,3188],{},"Common falsy values include:",[137,3190,3191,3195,3200,3205,3209,3213,3217,3222],{},[140,3192,3193],{},[15,3194,1552],{},[140,3196,3197],{},[15,3198,3199],{},"0.0",[140,3201,3202],{},[15,3203,3204],{},"''",[140,3206,3207],{},[15,3208,323],{},[140,3210,3211],{},[15,3212,3105],{},[140,3214,3215],{},[15,3216,151],{},[140,3218,3219],{},[15,3220,3221],{},"{}",[140,3223,3224],{},[15,3225,3226],{},"set()",[20,3228,3229],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3231,3232,3233,91],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[308,3234,3236],{"href":3235},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3238,3239,3240,135],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3241,3242],{},"bool()",[40,3244,3246],{"className":42,"code":3245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3247,3248,3285,3289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3249,3250,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261,3264,3266,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279,3283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3251,3252],{"class":55},"values ",[49,3254,60],{"class":59},[49,3256,64],{"class":63},[49,3258,68],{"class":67},[49,3260,71],{"class":63},[49,3262,3263],{"class":67}," 0",[49,3265,71],{"class":63},[49,3267,3268],{"class":346}," ''",[49,3270,71],{"class":63},[49,3272,2729],{"class":346},[49,3274,1121],{"class":350},[49,3276,2734],{"class":346},[49,3278,71],{"class":63},[49,3280,3282],{"class":3281},"s39Yj"," None",[49,3284,82],{"class":63},[49,3286,3287],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3288,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,3290,3291,3293,3295,3298,3300,3302,3304,3308,3311,3314,3317],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,3292,105],{"class":104},[49,3294,2418],{"class":63},[49,3296,3297],{"class":1174},"bool",[49,3299,108],{"class":63},[49,3301,1606],{"class":94},[49,3303,113],{"class":63},[49,3305,3307],{"class":3306},"sVHd0"," for",[49,3309,3310],{"class":94}," x ",[49,3312,3313],{"class":3306},"in",[49,3315,3316],{"class":94}," values",[49,3318,3319],{"class":63},"])\n",[20,3321,275],{},[40,3323,3325],{"className":42,"code":3324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3326,3327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3328,3329,3331,3333,3335,3338,3340,3342,3344,3347,3349,3351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3330,938],{"class":63},[49,3332,3039],{"class":3281},[49,3334,71],{"class":63},[49,3336,3337],{"class":3281}," False",[49,3339,71],{"class":63},[49,3341,3337],{"class":3281},[49,3343,71],{"class":63},[49,3345,3346],{"class":3281}," True",[49,3348,71],{"class":63},[49,3350,3337],{"class":3281},[49,3352,82],{"class":63},[20,3354,3355,3356,3358],{},"This matters because ",[15,3357,3013],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[35,3360,3362],{"id":3361},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[528,3364,3366],{"id":3365},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[40,3368,3370],{"className":42,"code":3369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3371,3372,3392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3373,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3375,214],{"class":55},[49,3377,60],{"class":59},[49,3379,64],{"class":63},[49,3381,68],{"class":67},[49,3383,71],{"class":63},[49,3385,74],{"class":67},[49,3387,71],{"class":63},[49,3389,79],{"class":67},[49,3391,82],{"class":63},[49,3393,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3395,105],{"class":104},[49,3397,108],{"class":63},[49,3399,3146],{"class":104},[49,3401,108],{"class":63},[49,3403,249],{"class":94},[49,3405,1182],{"class":63},[20,3407,275],{},[40,3409,3411],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n",[15,3412,3413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3414,3415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3416,3410],{"class":3281},[20,3418,3419,3420,320,3422,91],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3421,3013],{},[15,3423,3039],{},[528,3425,3427],{"id":3426},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[40,3429,3431],{"className":42,"code":3430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3432,3433,3453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3434,3435,3437,3439,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3436,214],{"class":55},[49,3438,60],{"class":59},[49,3440,64],{"class":63},[49,3442,68],{"class":67},[49,3444,71],{"class":63},[49,3446,3263],{"class":67},[49,3448,71],{"class":63},[49,3450,79],{"class":67},[49,3452,82],{"class":63},[49,3454,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3456,105],{"class":104},[49,3458,108],{"class":63},[49,3460,3146],{"class":104},[49,3462,108],{"class":63},[49,3464,249],{"class":94},[49,3466,1182],{"class":63},[20,3468,275],{},[40,3470,3472],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\n",[15,3473,3474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3475,3476],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3477,3471],{"class":3281},[20,3479,3480,3481,3483,3484,320,3486,91],{},"The value ",[15,3482,1552],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3485,3013],{},[15,3487,3105],{},[528,3489,3491],{"id":3490},"example-strings","Example: strings",[40,3493,3495],{"className":42,"code":3494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3496,3497,3533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3498,3499,3502,3504,3506,3508,3511,3513,3515,3517,3520,3522,3524,3526,3529,3531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3500,3501],{"class":55},"words ",[49,3503,60],{"class":59},[49,3505,64],{"class":63},[49,3507,2734],{"class":346},[49,3509,3510],{"class":350},"apple",[49,3512,2734],{"class":346},[49,3514,71],{"class":63},[49,3516,2729],{"class":346},[49,3518,3519],{"class":350},"banana",[49,3521,2734],{"class":346},[49,3523,71],{"class":63},[49,3525,2729],{"class":346},[49,3527,3528],{"class":350},"cherry",[49,3530,2734],{"class":346},[49,3532,82],{"class":63},[49,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3546],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3536,105],{"class":104},[49,3538,108],{"class":63},[49,3540,3146],{"class":104},[49,3542,108],{"class":63},[49,3544,3545],{"class":94},"words",[49,3547,1182],{"class":63},[20,3549,275],{},[40,3551,3552],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3553,3554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3555,3556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3557,3410],{"class":3281},[20,3559,3560],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3562,3563],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[40,3565,3567],{"className":42,"code":3566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3568,3569,3597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3570,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593,3595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3572,3501],{"class":55},[49,3574,60],{"class":59},[49,3576,64],{"class":63},[49,3578,2734],{"class":346},[49,3580,3510],{"class":350},[49,3582,2734],{"class":346},[49,3584,71],{"class":63},[49,3586,3268],{"class":346},[49,3588,71],{"class":63},[49,3590,2729],{"class":346},[49,3592,3528],{"class":350},[49,3594,2734],{"class":346},[49,3596,82],{"class":63},[49,3598,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3600,105],{"class":104},[49,3602,108],{"class":63},[49,3604,3146],{"class":104},[49,3606,108],{"class":63},[49,3608,3545],{"class":94},[49,3610,1182],{"class":63},[20,3612,275],{},[40,3614,3615],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3616,3617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3618,3619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3620,3471],{"class":3281},[20,3622,3623,3624,3626],{},"The empty string ",[15,3625,3204],{}," is falsy.",[35,3628,3630,3631,3633],{"id":3629},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3632,3013],{}," works with conditions",[20,3635,3636,3638],{},[15,3637,3013],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3640,3641],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3643,3644],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[40,3646,3648],{"className":42,"code":3647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3649,3650,3670,3698,3702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3651,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3653,214],{"class":55},[49,3655,60],{"class":59},[49,3657,64],{"class":63},[49,3659,68],{"class":67},[49,3661,71],{"class":63},[49,3663,74],{"class":67},[49,3665,71],{"class":63},[49,3667,79],{"class":67},[49,3669,82],{"class":63},[49,3671,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3696],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3673,382],{"class":55},[49,3675,60],{"class":59},[49,3677,3076],{"class":104},[49,3679,108],{"class":63},[49,3681,2457],{"class":94},[49,3683,3684],{"class":59},">",[49,3686,3263],{"class":67},[49,3688,3307],{"class":3306},[49,3690,3310],{"class":94},[49,3692,3313],{"class":3306},[49,3694,3695],{"class":94}," numbers",[49,3697,272],{"class":63},[49,3699,3700],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,3701,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,3703,3704,3706,3708,3710],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,3705,105],{"class":104},[49,3707,108],{"class":63},[49,3709,420],{"class":94},[49,3711,272],{"class":63},[20,3713,275],{},[40,3715,3716],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3717,3718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3719,3720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3721,3410],{"class":3281},[20,3723,3724],{},"Here is one that fails:",[40,3726,3728],{"className":42,"code":3727,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3729,3730,3752,3778,3782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3731,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3733,214],{"class":55},[49,3735,60],{"class":59},[49,3737,64],{"class":63},[49,3739,68],{"class":67},[49,3741,71],{"class":63},[49,3743,1655],{"class":59},[49,3745,1488],{"class":67},[49,3747,71],{"class":63},[49,3749,79],{"class":67},[49,3751,82],{"class":63},[49,3753,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3755,382],{"class":55},[49,3757,60],{"class":59},[49,3759,3076],{"class":104},[49,3761,108],{"class":63},[49,3763,2457],{"class":94},[49,3765,3684],{"class":59},[49,3767,3263],{"class":67},[49,3769,3307],{"class":3306},[49,3771,3310],{"class":94},[49,3773,3313],{"class":3306},[49,3775,3695],{"class":94},[49,3777,272],{"class":63},[49,3779,3780],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,3781,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,3783,3784,3786,3788,3790],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,3785,105],{"class":104},[49,3787,108],{"class":63},[49,3789,420],{"class":94},[49,3791,272],{"class":63},[20,3793,275],{},[40,3795,3796],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3797,3798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3799,3800],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3801,3471],{"class":3281},[20,3803,3804,3805,3808,3809,3811,3812,320,3814,91],{},"The expression ",[15,3806,3807],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3810,3039],{},", then ",[15,3813,3013],{},[15,3815,3039],{},[20,3817,3818],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3820,3821,3822,618,3826,91],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[308,3823,3825],{"href":3824},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[308,3827,3829],{"href":3828},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[35,3831,3833],{"id":3832},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3835,3836,320,3838,91],{},[15,3837,3036],{},[15,3839,3039],{},[20,3841,3842],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3844,761],{},[40,3846,3848],{"className":42,"code":3847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3849,3850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3851,3852,3854,3856,3858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3853,105],{"class":104},[49,3855,108],{"class":63},[49,3857,3146],{"class":104},[49,3859,3860],{"class":63},"([]))\n",[20,3862,275],{},[40,3864,3865],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3866,3867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3868,3869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3870,3410],{"class":3281},[20,3872,3873],{},"Why?",[20,3875,3876],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3878,3879],{},"Think of it this way:",[137,3881,3882,3889,3892],{},[140,3883,3884,320,3886,3888],{},[15,3885,3013],{},[15,3887,3105],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[140,3890,3891],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[140,3893,3894,3895],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3896,3105],{},[20,3898,3899],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3901,3902],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[40,3904,3906],{"className":42,"code":3905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3907,3908,3919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3911,105],{"class":104},[49,3913,108],{"class":63},[49,3915,3146],{"class":104},[49,3917,3918],{"class":63},"(()))\n",[49,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3922,105],{"class":104},[49,3924,108],{"class":63},[49,3926,3146],{"class":104},[49,3928,108],{"class":63},[49,3930,3204],{"class":346},[49,3932,1182],{"class":63},[20,3934,275],{},[40,3936,3938],{"className":42,"code":3937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3939,3940,3944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3941,3942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3943,3410],{"class":3281},[49,3945,3946],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3947,3410],{"class":3281},[35,3949,863],{"id":862},[528,3951,3953],{"id":3952},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3955,3956],{},"This is wrong:",[40,3958,3960],{"className":42,"code":3959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3961,3962,3967],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3963,3964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3965,3966],{"class":116},"# Wrong\n",[49,3968,3969],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,3970,3971],{"class":116},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3973,3974,3976],{},[15,3975,3013],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3978,3979],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[40,3981,3983],{"className":42,"code":3982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3984,3985],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3986,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3988,105],{"class":104},[49,3990,108],{"class":63},[49,3992,3146],{"class":104},[49,3994,2418],{"class":63},[49,3996,68],{"class":67},[49,3998,71],{"class":63},[49,4000,74],{"class":67},[49,4002,71],{"class":63},[49,4004,79],{"class":67},[49,4006,2431],{"class":63},[528,4008,4010,4011,4013],{"id":4009},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4012,3013],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4015,4016],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[40,4018,4020],{"className":42,"code":4019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4021,4022,4043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4023,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4037,4039,4041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4025,214],{"class":55},[49,4027,60],{"class":59},[49,4029,64],{"class":63},[49,4031,1569],{"class":67},[49,4033,71],{"class":63},[49,4035,4036],{"class":67}," 5",[49,4038,71],{"class":63},[49,4040,4036],{"class":67},[49,4042,82],{"class":63},[49,4044,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4046,105],{"class":104},[49,4048,108],{"class":63},[49,4050,3146],{"class":104},[49,4052,108],{"class":63},[49,4054,249],{"class":94},[49,4056,1182],{"class":63},[20,4058,4059,4060,4062],{},"This does ",[30,4061,329],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4064,4065,4066,4068],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4067,1569],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[40,4070,4071],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4072,4073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4074,4075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4076,3410],{"class":3281},[20,4078,4079],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[40,4081,4083],{"className":42,"code":4082,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4084,4085,4105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4086,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4088,214],{"class":55},[49,4090,60],{"class":59},[49,4092,64],{"class":63},[49,4094,1569],{"class":67},[49,4096,71],{"class":63},[49,4098,4036],{"class":67},[49,4100,71],{"class":63},[49,4102,4036],{"class":67},[49,4104,82],{"class":63},[49,4106,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128,4130],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4108,105],{"class":104},[49,4110,108],{"class":63},[49,4112,3146],{"class":104},[49,4114,108],{"class":63},[49,4116,2457],{"class":94},[49,4118,4119],{"class":59},"==",[49,4121,4036],{"class":67},[49,4123,3307],{"class":3306},[49,4125,3310],{"class":94},[49,4127,3313],{"class":3306},[49,4129,3695],{"class":94},[49,4131,1182],{"class":63},[528,4133,4135,4136,4138],{"id":4134},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4137,1552],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[40,4140,4142],{"className":42,"code":4141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4143,4144,4170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4145,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164,4167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4147,105],{"class":104},[49,4149,108],{"class":63},[49,4151,3146],{"class":104},[49,4153,2418],{"class":63},[49,4155,68],{"class":67},[49,4157,71],{"class":63},[49,4159,74],{"class":67},[49,4161,71],{"class":63},[49,4163,3263],{"class":67},[49,4165,4166],{"class":63},"]))",[49,4168,4169],{"class":116},"       # False\n",[49,4171,4172,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4173,105],{"class":104},[49,4175,108],{"class":63},[49,4177,3146],{"class":104},[49,4179,2418],{"class":63},[49,4181,2734],{"class":346},[49,4183,308],{"class":350},[49,4185,2734],{"class":346},[49,4187,71],{"class":63},[49,4189,2729],{"class":346},[49,4191,360],{"class":350},[49,4193,2734],{"class":346},[49,4195,71],{"class":63},[49,4197,3268],{"class":346},[49,4199,4166],{"class":63},[49,4201,4202],{"class":116},"  # False\n",[20,4204,4205,4206,91],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4207,3105],{},[528,4209,4211,4212,4214,4215],{"id":4210},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4213,3036],{}," is ",[15,4216,3039],{},[20,4218,4219],{},"This is expected behavior:",[40,4221,4223],{"className":42,"code":4222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4224,4225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4226,4227,4229,4231,4233,4236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4228,105],{"class":104},[49,4230,108],{"class":63},[49,4232,3146],{"class":104},[49,4234,4235],{"class":63},"([]))",[49,4237,3095],{"class":116},[20,4239,4240,4241,4243],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4242,3039],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4245,4246],{},"Useful quick tests:",[40,4248,4250],{"className":42,"code":4249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4251,4252,4274,4296,4343,4379],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4253,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4255,105],{"class":104},[49,4257,108],{"class":63},[49,4259,3146],{"class":104},[49,4261,2418],{"class":63},[49,4263,68],{"class":67},[49,4265,71],{"class":63},[49,4267,74],{"class":67},[49,4269,71],{"class":63},[49,4271,79],{"class":67},[49,4273,2431],{"class":63},[49,4275,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4277,105],{"class":104},[49,4279,108],{"class":63},[49,4281,3146],{"class":104},[49,4283,2418],{"class":63},[49,4285,68],{"class":67},[49,4287,71],{"class":63},[49,4289,3263],{"class":67},[49,4291,71],{"class":63},[49,4293,79],{"class":67},[49,4295,2431],{"class":63},[49,4297,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,4299,105],{"class":104},[49,4301,2418],{"class":63},[49,4303,3297],{"class":1174},[49,4305,108],{"class":63},[49,4307,1606],{"class":94},[49,4309,113],{"class":63},[49,4311,3307],{"class":3306},[49,4313,3310],{"class":94},[49,4315,3313],{"class":3306},[49,4317,64],{"class":63},[49,4319,68],{"class":67},[49,4321,71],{"class":63},[49,4323,3263],{"class":67},[49,4325,71],{"class":63},[49,4327,3268],{"class":346},[49,4329,71],{"class":63},[49,4331,2729],{"class":346},[49,4333,1121],{"class":350},[49,4335,2734],{"class":346},[49,4337,71],{"class":63},[49,4339,3282],{"class":3281},[49,4341,4342],{"class":63},"]])\n",[49,4344,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,4346,105],{"class":104},[49,4348,108],{"class":63},[49,4350,3146],{"class":104},[49,4352,108],{"class":63},[49,4354,2457],{"class":94},[49,4356,3684],{"class":59},[49,4358,3263],{"class":67},[49,4360,3307],{"class":3306},[49,4362,3310],{"class":94},[49,4364,3313],{"class":3306},[49,4366,64],{"class":63},[49,4368,68],{"class":67},[49,4370,71],{"class":63},[49,4372,74],{"class":67},[49,4374,71],{"class":63},[49,4376,79],{"class":67},[49,4378,2431],{"class":63},[49,4380,4381,4383,4385,4387],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,4382,105],{"class":104},[49,4384,108],{"class":63},[49,4386,3146],{"class":104},[49,4388,3860],{"class":63},[35,4390,740,4392],{"id":4391},"when-to-use-all",[15,4393,3013],{},[20,4395,4396,4398],{},[15,4397,3013],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4400,4401],{},"Common use cases:",[137,4403,4404,4407,4410],{},[140,4405,4406],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[140,4408,4409],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[140,4411,4412],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4414,4415],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[40,4417,4419],{"className":42,"code":4418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4420,4421,4457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4422,4423,4426,4428,4430,4432,4435,4437,4439,4441,4444,4446,4448,4450,4453,4455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4424,4425],{"class":55},"names ",[49,4427,60],{"class":59},[49,4429,64],{"class":63},[49,4431,2734],{"class":346},[49,4433,4434],{"class":350},"Alice",[49,4436,2734],{"class":346},[49,4438,71],{"class":63},[49,4440,2729],{"class":346},[49,4442,4443],{"class":350},"Bob",[49,4445,2734],{"class":346},[49,4447,71],{"class":63},[49,4449,2729],{"class":346},[49,4451,4452],{"class":350},"Charlie",[49,4454,2734],{"class":346},[49,4456,82],{"class":63},[49,4458,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4470],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4460,105],{"class":104},[49,4462,108],{"class":63},[49,4464,3146],{"class":104},[49,4466,108],{"class":63},[49,4468,4469],{"class":94},"names",[49,4471,1182],{"class":63},[20,4473,275],{},[40,4475,4476],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4477,4478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4479,4480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4481,3410],{"class":3281},[20,4483,4484],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[40,4486,4488],{"className":42,"code":4487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4489,4490,4514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4491,4492,4495,4497,4499,4502,4504,4507,4509,4512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4493,4494],{"class":55},"scores ",[49,4496,60],{"class":59},[49,4498,64],{"class":63},[49,4500,4501],{"class":67},"75",[49,4503,71],{"class":63},[49,4505,4506],{"class":67}," 80",[49,4508,71],{"class":63},[49,4510,4511],{"class":67}," 50",[49,4513,82],{"class":63},[49,4515,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4527,4530,4532,4534,4537,4539,4542],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4517,105],{"class":104},[49,4519,108],{"class":63},[49,4521,3146],{"class":104},[49,4523,108],{"class":63},[49,4525,4526],{"class":94},"score ",[49,4528,4529],{"class":59},">=",[49,4531,4511],{"class":67},[49,4533,3307],{"class":3306},[49,4535,4536],{"class":94}," score ",[49,4538,3313],{"class":3306},[49,4540,4541],{"class":94}," scores",[49,4543,1182],{"class":63},[20,4545,275],{},[40,4547,4548],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4549,4550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4551,4552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4553,3410],{"class":3281},[20,4555,4556],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4558,4559,4560,618,4564,91],{},"For related tasks, see ",[308,4561,4563],{"href":4562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[308,4565,4567],{"href":4566},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[35,4569,1253],{"id":1252},[528,4571,4573,4574,4576],{"id":4572},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4575,3013],{}," return in Python?",[20,4578,4579,4580,4582,4583,4585],{},"It returns ",[15,4581,3039],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4584,3105],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[528,4587,4589,4590,4592,4593,1284],{"id":4588},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4591,3036],{}," return ",[15,4594,3039],{},[20,4596,4597],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[528,4599,4601,4602,4604],{"id":4600},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4603,3013],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4606,4607],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[528,4609,1279,4611,618,4613,1284],{"id":4610},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4612,3013],{},[15,4614,4615],{},"any()",[20,4617,4618,4620,4621,4623,4624,91],{},[15,4619,3013],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4622,4615],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[308,4625,3010,4627,2943],{"href":4626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4628,4615],{},[35,4630,1309],{"id":1308},[137,4632,4633,4639,4643,4648,4653,4658],{},[140,4634,4635],{},[308,4636,3010,4637,2943],{"href":4626},[15,4638,4615],{},[140,4640,4641],{},[308,4642,3236],{"href":3235},[140,4644,4645],{},[308,4646,4647],{"href":4566},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[140,4649,4650],{},[308,4651,4652],{"href":4562},"How to filter a list in Python",[140,4654,4655],{},[308,4656,4657],{"href":3824},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[140,4659,4660],{},[308,4661,4662],{"href":3828},"What is an iterable in Python",[1352,4664,4665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":4667},[4668,4669,4671,4672,4677,4679,4680,4689,4691,4701],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":3108,"depth":85,"text":4670},"What all() does",{"id":3159,"depth":85,"text":3160},{"id":3361,"depth":85,"text":3362,"children":4673},[4674,4675,4676],{"id":3365,"depth":101,"text":3366},{"id":3426,"depth":101,"text":3427},{"id":3490,"depth":101,"text":3491},{"id":3629,"depth":85,"text":4678},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3832,"depth":85,"text":3833},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":4681},[4682,4683,4685,4687],{"id":3952,"depth":101,"text":3953},{"id":4009,"depth":101,"text":4684},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4134,"depth":101,"text":4686},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4210,"depth":101,"text":4688},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4391,"depth":85,"text":4690},"When to use all()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":4692},[4693,4695,4697,4699],{"id":4572,"depth":101,"text":4694},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4588,"depth":101,"text":4696},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4600,"depth":101,"text":4698},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4610,"depth":101,"text":4700},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3004,"description":4702},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4709,"title":4710,"body":4711,"description":6401,"extension":1392,"meta":6402,"navigation":243,"path":4626,"seo":6403,"stem":6404,"__hash__":6405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4712,"toc":6379},[4713,4716,4724,4727,4744,4752,4796,4805,4809,4814,4817,4834,4837,4848,4860,4864,4867,4882,4887,4890,4902,4905,4990,4993,5014,5020,5022,5030,5044,5046,5080,5082,5085,5146,5148,5165,5168,5195,5197,5205,5217,5221,5224,5263,5265,5273,5275,5291,5299,5302,5345,5347,5355,5360,5364,5372,5375,5401,5404,5407,5481,5483,5491,5498,5522,5533,5536,5615,5617,5625,5632,5636,5641,5656,5658,5666,5669,5675,5678,5724,5726,5743,5747,5751,5762,5765,5879,5882,5941,5947,5949,5954,5958,5960,5979,5985,5988,6007,6011,6020,6047,6049,6057,6065,6069,6075,6098,6100,6108,6115,6119,6122,6173,6176,6227,6230,6232,6236,6243,6247,6254,6258,6266,6270,6273,6295,6297,6347,6349,6376],[10,4714,4710],{"id":4715},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4717,4718,4720,4721,91],{},[15,4719,4615],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4722,4723],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4725,4726],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[137,4728,4729,4732,4735,4738,4741],{},[140,4730,4731],{},"lists",[140,4733,4734],{},"tuples",[140,4736,4737],{},"sets",[140,4739,4740],{},"strings",[140,4742,4743],{},"generator expressions",[20,4745,4746,4747,2310,4749,4751],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4748,3039],{},[15,4750,3105],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[40,4753,4755],{"className":42,"code":4754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4756,4757,4777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4758,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4760,3252],{"class":55},[49,4762,60],{"class":59},[49,4764,64],{"class":63},[49,4766,1552],{"class":67},[49,4768,71],{"class":63},[49,4770,3268],{"class":346},[49,4772,71],{"class":63},[49,4774,4036],{"class":67},[49,4776,82],{"class":63},[49,4778,4779,4781,4783,4786,4788,4791,4794],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4780,105],{"class":104},[49,4782,108],{"class":63},[49,4784,4785],{"class":104},"any",[49,4787,108],{"class":63},[49,4789,4790],{"class":94},"values",[49,4792,4793],{"class":63},"))",[49,4795,3095],{"class":116},[20,4797,120,4798,4801,4802,4804],{},[15,4799,4800],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4803,3039],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[35,4806,4808],{"id":4807},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4810,4811,4813],{},[15,4812,4615],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4815,4816],{},"It returns:",[137,4818,4819,4824,4829],{},[140,4820,4821,4823],{},[15,4822,3039],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[140,4825,4826,4828],{},[15,4827,3105],{}," if all items are falsy",[140,4830,4831,4833],{},[15,4832,3105],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4835,4836],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[137,4838,4839,4842,4845],{},[140,4840,4841],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[140,4843,4844],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[140,4846,4847],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4849,4850,4851,4854,4855,91],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,4852,4853],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[308,4856,4858],{"href":4857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4859,3013],{},[35,4861,4863],{"id":4862},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4865,4866],{},"The syntax is simple:",[40,4868,4870],{"className":42,"code":4869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4871,4872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4873,4874,4876,4878,4880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4875,4785],{"class":104},[49,4877,108],{"class":63},[49,4879,3151],{"class":94},[49,4881,272],{"class":63},[20,4883,4884,4885,91],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,4886,3151],{},[20,4888,4889],{},"Common inputs include:",[137,4891,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900],{},[140,4893,4731],{},[140,4895,4734],{},[140,4897,4737],{},[140,4899,4740],{},[140,4901,4743],{},[20,4903,4904],{},"For example:",[40,4906,4908],{"className":42,"code":4907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4909,4910,4933,4952,4972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4911,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4913,105],{"class":104},[49,4915,108],{"class":63},[49,4917,4785],{"class":104},[49,4919,2418],{"class":63},[49,4921,1552],{"class":67},[49,4923,71],{"class":63},[49,4925,3263],{"class":67},[49,4927,71],{"class":63},[49,4929,4930],{"class":67}," 1",[49,4932,2431],{"class":63},[49,4934,4935,4937,4939,4941,4944,4946,4948,4950],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,4936,105],{"class":104},[49,4938,108],{"class":63},[49,4940,4785],{"class":104},[49,4942,4943],{"class":63},"((",[49,4945,3105],{"class":3281},[49,4947,71],{"class":63},[49,4949,3337],{"class":3281},[49,4951,2344],{"class":63},[49,4953,4954,4956,4958,4960,4963,4965,4967,4969],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,4955,105],{"class":104},[49,4957,108],{"class":63},[49,4959,4785],{"class":104},[49,4961,4962],{"class":63},"({",[49,4964,1552],{"class":67},[49,4966,71],{"class":63},[49,4968,74],{"class":67},[49,4970,4971],{"class":63},"}))\n",[49,4973,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,4975,105],{"class":104},[49,4977,108],{"class":63},[49,4979,4785],{"class":104},[49,4981,108],{"class":63},[49,4983,347],{"class":346},[49,4985,1121],{"class":350},[49,4987,347],{"class":346},[49,4989,1182],{"class":63},[20,4991,4992],{},"Expected output:",[40,4994,4996],{"className":42,"code":4995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,4997,4998,5002,5006,5010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4999,5000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5001,3410],{"class":3281},[49,5003,5004],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5005,3471],{"class":3281},[49,5007,5008],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5009,3410],{"class":3281},[49,5011,5012],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,5013,3410],{"class":3281},[20,5015,5016,5017,91],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[308,5018,4567],{"href":5019},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[35,5021,3160],{"id":3159},[20,5023,3163,5024,2310,5027,3168],{},[30,5025,5026],{},"truthy",[30,5028,5029],{},"falsy",[137,5031,5032,5038],{},[140,5033,5034,3176,5036],{},[30,5035,3175],{},[15,5037,3039],{},[140,5039,5040,3176,5042],{},[30,5041,3183],{},[15,5043,3105],{},[20,5045,3188],{},[137,5047,5048,5052,5056,5060,5064,5068,5072,5076],{},[140,5049,5050],{},[15,5051,3105],{},[140,5053,5054],{},[15,5055,1552],{},[140,5057,5058],{},[15,5059,3199],{},[140,5061,5062],{},[15,5063,3204],{},[140,5065,5066],{},[15,5067,151],{},[140,5069,5070],{},[15,5071,3221],{},[140,5073,5074],{},[15,5075,3226],{},[140,5077,5078],{},[15,5079,323],{},[20,5081,3229],{},[20,5083,5084],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[40,5086,5088],{"className":42,"code":5087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5089,5090,5104,5122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5091,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5093,105],{"class":104},[49,5095,108],{"class":63},[49,5097,4785],{"class":104},[49,5099,2418],{"class":63},[49,5101,68],{"class":67},[49,5103,2431],{"class":63},[49,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5107,105],{"class":104},[49,5109,108],{"class":63},[49,5111,4785],{"class":104},[49,5113,2418],{"class":63},[49,5115,2734],{"class":346},[49,5117,1121],{"class":350},[49,5119,2734],{"class":346},[49,5121,2431],{"class":63},[49,5123,5124,5126,5128,5130,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5125,105],{"class":104},[49,5127,108],{"class":63},[49,5129,4785],{"class":104},[49,5131,5132],{"class":63},"([[",[49,5134,68],{"class":67},[49,5136,71],{"class":63},[49,5138,74],{"class":67},[49,5140,71],{"class":63},[49,5142,79],{"class":67},[49,5144,5145],{"class":63},"]]))\n",[20,5147,4992],{},[40,5149,5151],{"className":42,"code":5150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5152,5153,5157,5161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5154,5155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5156,3410],{"class":3281},[49,5158,5159],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5160,3410],{"class":3281},[49,5162,5163],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5164,3410],{"class":3281},[20,5166,5167],{},"And these are all falsy:",[40,5169,5171],{"className":42,"code":5170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5172,5173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5174,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5176,105],{"class":104},[49,5178,108],{"class":63},[49,5180,4785],{"class":104},[49,5182,2418],{"class":63},[49,5184,1552],{"class":67},[49,5186,71],{"class":63},[49,5188,3268],{"class":346},[49,5190,71],{"class":63},[49,5192,3282],{"class":3281},[49,5194,2431],{"class":63},[20,5196,4992],{},[40,5198,5199],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5200,5201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5202,5203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5204,3471],{"class":3281},[20,5206,5207,5208,618,5211,91],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[308,5209,3236],{"href":5210},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[308,5212,5214,5216],{"href":5213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5215,3242],{}," explained",[35,5218,5220],{"id":5219},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5222,5223],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[40,5225,5227],{"className":42,"code":5226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5228,5229,5249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5230,5231,5233,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5232,3252],{"class":55},[49,5234,60],{"class":59},[49,5236,64],{"class":63},[49,5238,1552],{"class":67},[49,5240,71],{"class":63},[49,5242,3268],{"class":346},[49,5244,71],{"class":63},[49,5246,4036],{"class":67},[49,5248,82],{"class":63},[49,5250,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5252,105],{"class":104},[49,5254,108],{"class":63},[49,5256,4785],{"class":104},[49,5258,108],{"class":63},[49,5260,4790],{"class":94},[49,5262,1182],{"class":63},[20,5264,275],{},[40,5266,5267],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5268,5269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5270,5271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5272,3410],{"class":3281},[20,5274,3873],{},[137,5276,5277,5282,5286],{},[140,5278,5279,5281],{},[15,5280,1552],{}," is falsy",[140,5283,5284,5281],{},[15,5285,3204],{},[140,5287,5288,5290],{},[15,5289,1569],{}," is truthy",[20,5292,5293,5294,320,5297,91],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5295,5296],{},"any(values)",[15,5298,3039],{},[20,5300,5301],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[40,5303,5305],{"className":42,"code":5304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5306,5307,5331],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5308,5309,5311,5313,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5310,3252],{"class":55},[49,5312,60],{"class":59},[49,5314,64],{"class":63},[49,5316,1552],{"class":67},[49,5318,71],{"class":63},[49,5320,3268],{"class":346},[49,5322,71],{"class":63},[49,5324,3282],{"class":3281},[49,5326,71],{"class":63},[49,5328,3337],{"class":3281},[49,5330,82],{"class":63},[49,5332,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5334,105],{"class":104},[49,5336,108],{"class":63},[49,5338,4785],{"class":104},[49,5340,108],{"class":63},[49,5342,4790],{"class":94},[49,5344,1182],{"class":63},[20,5346,275],{},[40,5348,5349],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5350,5351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5352,5353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5354,3471],{"class":3281},[20,5356,5357,5358,91],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5359,3105],{},[35,5361,5363],{"id":5362},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5365,5366,5368,5369,91],{},[15,5367,4615],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5370,5371],{},"generator expression",[20,5373,5374],{},"This is a common pattern:",[40,5376,5378],{"className":42,"code":5377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5379,5380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5381,5382,5384,5386,5389,5392,5395,5397,5399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5383,4785],{"class":104},[49,5385,108],{"class":63},[49,5387,5388],{"class":94},"condition ",[49,5390,5391],{"class":3306},"for",[49,5393,5394],{"class":94}," item ",[49,5396,3313],{"class":3306},[49,5398,387],{"class":94},[49,5400,272],{"class":63},[20,5402,5403],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5405,5406],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[40,5408,5410],{"className":42,"code":5409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5411,5412,5440,5444,5471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435,5438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5415,214],{"class":55},[49,5417,60],{"class":59},[49,5419,64],{"class":63},[49,5421,1936],{"class":67},[49,5423,71],{"class":63},[49,5425,5426],{"class":67}," 7",[49,5428,71],{"class":63},[49,5430,1655],{"class":59},[49,5432,1488],{"class":67},[49,5434,71],{"class":63},[49,5436,5437],{"class":67}," 10",[49,5439,82],{"class":63},[49,5441,5442],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5443,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,5445,5446,5448,5450,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5447,382],{"class":55},[49,5449,60],{"class":59},[49,5451,5452],{"class":104}," any",[49,5454,108],{"class":63},[49,5456,2457],{"class":94},[49,5458,2723],{"class":59},[49,5460,3263],{"class":67},[49,5462,3307],{"class":3306},[49,5464,3310],{"class":94},[49,5466,3313],{"class":3306},[49,5468,3695],{"class":94},[49,5470,272],{"class":63},[49,5472,5473,5475,5477,5479],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,5474,105],{"class":104},[49,5476,108],{"class":63},[49,5478,420],{"class":94},[49,5480,272],{"class":63},[20,5482,275],{},[40,5484,5485],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5486,5487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5488,5489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5490,3410],{"class":3281},[20,5492,5493,5494,5497],{},"This works because ",[15,5495,5496],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[137,5499,5500,5508,5515],{},[140,5501,5502,5505,5506],{},[15,5503,5504],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5507,3105],{},[140,5509,5510,5505,5513],{},[15,5511,5512],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5514,3105],{},[140,5516,5517,5505,5520],{},[15,5518,5519],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5521,3039],{},[20,5523,5524,5525,5527,5528,5530,5531,91],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5526,3039],{}," result, ",[15,5529,4615],{}," can return ",[15,5532,3039],{},[20,5534,5535],{},"Here is another example:",[40,5537,5539],{"className":42,"code":5538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5540,5541,5570,5574,5604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5542,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5544,3501],{"class":55},[49,5546,60],{"class":59},[49,5548,64],{"class":63},[49,5550,347],{"class":346},[49,5552,3510],{"class":350},[49,5554,347],{"class":346},[49,5556,71],{"class":63},[49,5558,5559],{"class":346}," \"\"",[49,5561,71],{"class":63},[49,5563,357],{"class":346},[49,5565,3519],{"class":350},[49,5567,347],{"class":346},[49,5569,82],{"class":63},[49,5571,5572],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5573,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,5575,5576,5579,5581,5583,5585,5588,5590,5592,5594,5597,5599,5602],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5577,5578],{"class":55},"has_empty_string ",[49,5580,60],{"class":59},[49,5582,5452],{"class":104},[49,5584,108],{"class":63},[49,5586,5587],{"class":94},"word ",[49,5589,4119],{"class":59},[49,5591,5559],{"class":346},[49,5593,3307],{"class":3306},[49,5595,5596],{"class":94}," word ",[49,5598,3313],{"class":3306},[49,5600,5601],{"class":94}," words",[49,5603,272],{"class":63},[49,5605,5606,5608,5610,5613],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,5607,105],{"class":104},[49,5609,108],{"class":63},[49,5611,5612],{"class":94},"has_empty_string",[49,5614,272],{"class":63},[20,5616,275],{},[40,5618,5619],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5620,5621],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5622,5623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5624,3410],{"class":3281},[20,5626,5627,5628,91],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[308,5629,5631],{"href":5630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[35,5633,5635],{"id":5634},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5637,5638,5639,135],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5640,3105],{},[40,5642,5644],{"className":42,"code":5643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5645,5646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5647,5648,5650,5652,5654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5649,105],{"class":104},[49,5651,108],{"class":63},[49,5653,4785],{"class":104},[49,5655,3860],{"class":63},[20,5657,275],{},[40,5659,5660],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5661,5662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5663,5664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5665,3471],{"class":3281},[20,5667,5668],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5670,5671,5672,5674],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5673,4615],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5676,5677],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[40,5679,5681],{"className":42,"code":5680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5682,5683,5693,5708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5684,5685,5687,5689,5691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5686,105],{"class":104},[49,5688,108],{"class":63},[49,5690,4785],{"class":104},[49,5692,3918],{"class":63},[49,5694,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5706],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5696,105],{"class":104},[49,5698,108],{"class":63},[49,5700,4785],{"class":104},[49,5702,108],{"class":63},[49,5704,5705],{"class":346},"\"\"",[49,5707,1182],{"class":63},[49,5709,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5721],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5711,105],{"class":104},[49,5713,108],{"class":63},[49,5715,4785],{"class":104},[49,5717,108],{"class":63},[49,5719,5720],{"class":1174},"set",[49,5722,5723],{"class":63},"()))\n",[20,5725,275],{},[40,5727,5729],{"className":42,"code":5728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5730,5731,5735,5739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5732,5733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5734,3471],{"class":3281},[49,5736,5737],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5738,3471],{"class":3281},[49,5740,5741],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5742,3471],{"class":3281},[35,5744,5746],{"id":5745},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5748,120,5749,747],{},[15,5750,4615],{},[137,5752,5753,5756,5759],{},[140,5754,5755],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[140,5757,5758],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[140,5760,5761],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5763,5764],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[40,5766,5768],{"className":42,"code":5767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5769,5770,5795,5799,5809,5813,5827,5846,5856,5862,5867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5771,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5773,214],{"class":55},[49,5775,60],{"class":59},[49,5777,64],{"class":63},[49,5779,68],{"class":67},[49,5781,71],{"class":63},[49,5783,79],{"class":67},[49,5785,71],{"class":63},[49,5787,4036],{"class":67},[49,5789,71],{"class":63},[49,5791,5792],{"class":67}," 8",[49,5794,82],{"class":63},[49,5796,5797],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5798,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,5800,5801,5804,5806],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,5802,5803],{"class":55},"found_even ",[49,5805,60],{"class":59},[49,5807,5808],{"class":3281}," False\n",[49,5810,5811],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,5812,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,5814,5815,5817,5820,5822,5824],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,5816,5391],{"class":3306},[49,5818,5819],{"class":55}," number ",[49,5821,3313],{"class":3306},[49,5823,3695],{"class":55},[49,5825,5826],{"class":63},":\n",[49,5828,5829,5832,5834,5837,5839,5842,5844],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,5830,5831],{"class":3306},"    if",[49,5833,5819],{"class":55},[49,5835,5836],{"class":59},"%",[49,5838,74],{"class":67},[49,5840,5841],{"class":59}," ==",[49,5843,3263],{"class":67},[49,5845,5826],{"class":63},[49,5847,5848,5851,5853],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,5849,5850],{"class":55},"        found_even ",[49,5852,60],{"class":59},[49,5854,5855],{"class":3281}," True\n",[49,5857,5859],{"class":51,"line":5858},8,[49,5860,5861],{"class":3306},"        break\n",[49,5863,5865],{"class":51,"line":5864},9,[49,5866,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,5868,5870,5872,5874,5877],{"class":51,"line":5869},10,[49,5871,105],{"class":104},[49,5873,108],{"class":63},[49,5875,5876],{"class":94},"found_even",[49,5878,272],{"class":63},[20,5880,5881],{},"You can write:",[40,5883,5885],{"className":42,"code":5884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5886,5887,5911],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5888,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5890,214],{"class":55},[49,5892,60],{"class":59},[49,5894,64],{"class":63},[49,5896,68],{"class":67},[49,5898,71],{"class":63},[49,5900,79],{"class":67},[49,5902,71],{"class":63},[49,5904,4036],{"class":67},[49,5906,71],{"class":63},[49,5908,5792],{"class":67},[49,5910,82],{"class":63},[49,5912,5913,5915,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5939],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,5914,105],{"class":104},[49,5916,108],{"class":63},[49,5918,4785],{"class":104},[49,5920,108],{"class":63},[49,5922,1650],{"class":94},[49,5924,5836],{"class":59},[49,5926,74],{"class":67},[49,5928,5841],{"class":59},[49,5930,3263],{"class":67},[49,5932,3307],{"class":3306},[49,5934,5819],{"class":94},[49,5936,3313],{"class":3306},[49,5938,3695],{"class":94},[49,5940,1182],{"class":63},[20,5942,5943,5944,5946],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5945,4615],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[35,5948,863],{"id":862},[20,5950,5951,5952,91],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5953,4615],{},[528,5955,5957],{"id":5956},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5959,3956],{},[40,5961,5963],{"className":42,"code":5962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5964,5965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5966,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5968,105],{"class":104},[49,5970,108],{"class":63},[49,5972,4785],{"class":104},[49,5974,108],{"class":63},[49,5976,1569],{"class":67},[49,5978,1182],{"class":63},[20,5980,5981,5982,5984],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5983,1569],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5986,5987],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[40,5989,5991],{"className":42,"code":5990,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,5992,5993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5994,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5996,105],{"class":104},[49,5998,108],{"class":63},[49,6000,4785],{"class":104},[49,6002,2418],{"class":63},[49,6004,1569],{"class":67},[49,6006,2431],{"class":63},[528,6008,6010],{"id":6009},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6012,6013,6015,6016,6019],{},[15,6014,4615],{}," needs only ",[30,6017,6018],{},"one"," truthy item.",[40,6021,6023],{"className":42,"code":6022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6024,6025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6026,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6028,105],{"class":104},[49,6030,108],{"class":63},[49,6032,4785],{"class":104},[49,6034,2418],{"class":63},[49,6036,3105],{"class":3281},[49,6038,71],{"class":63},[49,6040,3337],{"class":3281},[49,6042,71],{"class":63},[49,6044,3346],{"class":3281},[49,6046,2431],{"class":63},[20,6048,275],{},[40,6050,6051],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6052,6053],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6054,6055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6056,3410],{"class":3281},[20,6058,6059,6060,6064],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[308,6061,6062],{"href":4857},[15,6063,3013],{}," instead.",[528,6066,6068],{"id":6067},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6070,6071,6072,91],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6073,6074],{},"\"True\"",[40,6076,6078],{"className":42,"code":6077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6079,6080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6081,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6083,105],{"class":104},[49,6085,108],{"class":63},[49,6087,4785],{"class":104},[49,6089,2418],{"class":63},[49,6091,347],{"class":346},[49,6093,3105],{"class":350},[49,6095,347],{"class":346},[49,6097,2431],{"class":63},[20,6099,275],{},[40,6101,6102],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6103,6104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6105,6106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6107,3410],{"class":3281},[20,6109,6110,6111,6114],{},"That is because ",[15,6112,6113],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[528,6116,6118],{"id":6117},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6120,6121],{},"This works:",[40,6123,6125],{"className":42,"code":6124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6126,6127,6147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6128,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6130,214],{"class":55},[49,6132,60],{"class":59},[49,6134,64],{"class":63},[49,6136,68],{"class":67},[49,6138,71],{"class":63},[49,6140,74],{"class":67},[49,6142,71],{"class":63},[49,6144,79],{"class":67},[49,6146,82],{"class":63},[49,6148,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6150,105],{"class":104},[49,6152,108],{"class":63},[49,6154,4785],{"class":104},[49,6156,2418],{"class":63},[49,6158,2457],{"class":94},[49,6160,3684],{"class":59},[49,6162,74],{"class":67},[49,6164,3307],{"class":3306},[49,6166,3310],{"class":94},[49,6168,3313],{"class":3306},[49,6170,3695],{"class":94},[49,6172,2431],{"class":63},[20,6174,6175],{},"But this is usually better:",[40,6177,6179],{"className":42,"code":6178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6180,6181,6201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6182,6183,6185,6187,6189,6191,6193,6195,6197,6199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6184,214],{"class":55},[49,6186,60],{"class":59},[49,6188,64],{"class":63},[49,6190,68],{"class":67},[49,6192,71],{"class":63},[49,6194,74],{"class":67},[49,6196,71],{"class":63},[49,6198,79],{"class":67},[49,6200,82],{"class":63},[49,6202,6203,6205,6207,6209,6211,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223,6225],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6204,105],{"class":104},[49,6206,108],{"class":63},[49,6208,4785],{"class":104},[49,6210,108],{"class":63},[49,6212,2457],{"class":94},[49,6214,3684],{"class":59},[49,6216,74],{"class":67},[49,6218,3307],{"class":3306},[49,6220,3310],{"class":94},[49,6222,3313],{"class":3306},[49,6224,3695],{"class":94},[49,6226,1182],{"class":63},[20,6228,6229],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[35,6231,1253],{"id":1252},[528,6233,6235],{"id":6234},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6237,4579,6238,6240,6241,91],{},[15,6239,3039],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6242,3105],{},[528,6244,6246],{"id":6245},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6248,6249,320,6251,6253],{},[15,6250,4615],{},[15,6252,3105],{}," for an empty iterable.",[528,6255,6257],{"id":6256},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6259,6260,6262,6263,6265],{},[15,6261,4615],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6264,3013],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[528,6267,6269],{"id":6268},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6271,6272],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[40,6274,6275],{"className":42,"code":5377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6276,6277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6278,6279,6281,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6280,4785],{"class":104},[49,6282,108],{"class":63},[49,6284,5388],{"class":94},[49,6286,5391],{"class":3306},[49,6288,5394],{"class":94},[49,6290,3313],{"class":3306},[49,6292,387],{"class":94},[49,6294,272],{"class":63},[20,6296,4904],{},[40,6298,6299],{"className":42,"code":6178,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6300,6301,6321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6302,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317,6319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6304,214],{"class":55},[49,6306,60],{"class":59},[49,6308,64],{"class":63},[49,6310,68],{"class":67},[49,6312,71],{"class":63},[49,6314,74],{"class":67},[49,6316,71],{"class":63},[49,6318,79],{"class":67},[49,6320,82],{"class":63},[49,6322,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6324,105],{"class":104},[49,6326,108],{"class":63},[49,6328,4785],{"class":104},[49,6330,108],{"class":63},[49,6332,2457],{"class":94},[49,6334,3684],{"class":59},[49,6336,74],{"class":67},[49,6338,3307],{"class":3306},[49,6340,3310],{"class":94},[49,6342,3313],{"class":3306},[49,6344,3695],{"class":94},[49,6346,1182],{"class":63},[35,6348,1309],{"id":1308},[137,6350,6351,6357,6361,6365,6370],{},[140,6352,6353],{},[308,6354,6355,2943],{"href":4857},[15,6356,3013],{},[140,6358,6359],{},[308,6360,3236],{"href":5210},[140,6362,6363],{},[308,6364,4647],{"href":5019},[140,6366,6367],{},[308,6368,6369],{"href":5630},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[140,6371,6372],{},[308,6373,6374,2943],{"href":5213},[15,6375,3242],{},[1352,6377,6378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":6380},[6381,6382,6383,6384,6385,6386,6387,6388,6394,6400],{"id":4807,"depth":85,"text":4808},{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863},{"id":3159,"depth":85,"text":3160},{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":5362,"depth":85,"text":5363},{"id":5634,"depth":85,"text":5635},{"id":5745,"depth":85,"text":5746},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":6389},[6390,6391,6392,6393],{"id":5956,"depth":101,"text":5957},{"id":6009,"depth":101,"text":6010},{"id":6067,"depth":101,"text":6068},{"id":6117,"depth":101,"text":6118},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":6395},[6396,6397,6398,6399],{"id":6234,"depth":101,"text":6235},{"id":6245,"depth":101,"text":6246},{"id":6256,"depth":101,"text":6257},{"id":6268,"depth":101,"text":6269},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4710,"description":6401},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6407,"title":6408,"body":6409,"description":8535,"extension":1392,"meta":8536,"navigation":243,"path":8537,"seo":8538,"stem":8539,"__hash__":8540},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6410,"toc":8498},[6411,6414,6423,6433,6435,6532,6534,6563,6579,6583,6588,6591,6601,6607,6613,6629,6631,6639,6646,6650,6653,6668,6673,6691,6696,6698,6746,6748,6765,6769,6775,6778,6813,6815,6921,6923,6960,6964,6972,6974,6994,6996,7117,7119,7148,7151,7174,7176,7184,7192,7196,7202,7206,7245,7247,7255,7258,7285,7287,7295,7299,7328,7330,7338,7370,7372,7380,7384,7435,7437,7445,7453,7457,7460,7513,7515,7536,7543,7547,7553,7556,7564,7586,7588,7596,7604,7627,7629,7637,7642,7647,7659,7661,7702,7713,7717,7726,7729,7732,7789,7792,7844,7847,7852,7868,7874,7876,7881,7889,7892,7914,7916,7924,7929,7932,7967,7969,7977,7981,7986,8024,8036,8039,8093,8101,8105,8108,8130,8139,8142,8183,8185,8208,8214,8220,8235,8237,8257,8260,8279,8281,8300,8304,8310,8389,8392,8406,8413,8415,8419,8426,8430,8434,8438,8443,8447,8452,8456,8463,8465,8495],[10,6412,6408],{"id":6413},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6415,1409,6416,6418,6419,2310,6421,91],{},[15,6417,3242],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6420,3039],{},[15,6422,3105],{},[20,6424,6425,6426,6428,6429,6432],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6427,3242],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6430,6431],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[35,6434,38],{"id":37},[40,6436,6438],{"className":42,"code":6437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6439,6440,6454,6468,6482,6500,6510],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6441,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6443,105],{"class":104},[49,6445,108],{"class":63},[49,6447,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6449,108],{"class":63},[49,6451,1552],{"class":67},[49,6453,1182],{"class":63},[49,6455,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6457,105],{"class":104},[49,6459,108],{"class":63},[49,6461,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6463,108],{"class":63},[49,6465,68],{"class":67},[49,6467,1182],{"class":63},[49,6469,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6471,105],{"class":104},[49,6473,108],{"class":63},[49,6475,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6477,108],{"class":63},[49,6479,5705],{"class":346},[49,6481,1182],{"class":63},[49,6483,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,6485,105],{"class":104},[49,6487,108],{"class":63},[49,6489,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6491,108],{"class":63},[49,6493,347],{"class":346},[49,6495,1121],{"class":350},[49,6497,347],{"class":346},[49,6499,1182],{"class":63},[49,6501,6502,6504,6506,6508],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,6503,105],{"class":104},[49,6505,108],{"class":63},[49,6507,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6509,3860],{"class":63},[49,6511,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,6513,105],{"class":104},[49,6515,108],{"class":63},[49,6517,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6519,2418],{"class":63},[49,6521,68],{"class":67},[49,6523,71],{"class":63},[49,6525,74],{"class":67},[49,6527,71],{"class":63},[49,6529,79],{"class":67},[49,6531,2431],{"class":63},[20,6533,4992],{},[40,6535,6537],{"className":42,"code":6536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6538,6539,6543,6547,6551,6555,6559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6540,6541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6542,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6544,6545],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6546,3410],{"class":3281},[49,6548,6549],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6550,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6552,6553],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,6554,3410],{"class":3281},[49,6556,6557],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,6558,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6560,6561],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,6562,3410],{"class":3281},[20,6564,120,6565,6568,6569,2310,6571,6573,6574,6576,6577,91],{},[15,6566,6567],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6570,3039],{},[15,6572,3105],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6575,3105],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6578,3039],{},[35,6580,6582],{"id":6581},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6584,6585,6587],{},[15,6586,3242],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6589,6590],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[137,6592,6593,6597],{},[140,6594,6595],{},[15,6596,3039],{},[140,6598,6599],{},[15,6600,3105],{},[20,6602,6603,6604,6606],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6605,6431],{}," statements.",[20,6608,6609,6610,6612],{},"You can also call ",[15,6611,3242],{}," with no argument:",[40,6614,6616],{"className":42,"code":6615,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool())\n",[15,6617,6618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6619,6620,6622,6624,6626],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6621,105],{"class":104},[49,6623,108],{"class":63},[49,6625,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6627,6628],{"class":63},"())\n",[20,6630,275],{},[40,6632,6633],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6634,6635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6636,6637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6638,3471],{"class":3281},[20,6640,6641,6642,91],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[308,6643,6645],{"href":6644},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[35,6647,6649],{"id":6648},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6651,6652],{},"The basic syntax is:",[40,6654,6656],{"className":42,"code":6655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bool(value)\n",[15,6657,6658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6659,6660,6662,6664,6666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6661,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6663,108],{"class":63},[49,6665,1904],{"class":94},[49,6667,272],{"class":63},[20,6669,1409,6670,6672],{},[15,6671,1904],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[137,6674,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6686,6688],{},[140,6676,249],{},[140,6678,4740],{},[140,6680,4731],{},[140,6682,4734],{},[140,6684,6685],{},"dictionaries",[140,6687,4737],{},[140,6689,6690],{},"other objects",[20,6692,6693,6694,91],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6695,3105],{},[20,6697,761],{},[40,6699,6701],{"className":42,"code":6700,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6702,6703,6717,6736],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6704,6705,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6706,105],{"class":104},[49,6708,108],{"class":63},[49,6710,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6712,108],{"class":63},[49,6714,221],{"class":67},[49,6716,1182],{"class":63},[49,6718,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6732,6734],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6720,105],{"class":104},[49,6722,108],{"class":63},[49,6724,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6726,108],{"class":63},[49,6728,347],{"class":346},[49,6730,6731],{"class":350},"Python",[49,6733,347],{"class":346},[49,6735,1182],{"class":63},[49,6737,6738,6740,6742,6744],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6739,105],{"class":104},[49,6741,108],{"class":63},[49,6743,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6745,6628],{"class":63},[20,6747,275],{},[40,6749,6751],{"className":42,"code":6750,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6752,6753,6757,6761],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6754,6755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6756,3410],{"class":3281},[49,6758,6759],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6760,3410],{"class":3281},[49,6762,6763],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6764,3471],{"class":3281},[35,6766,6768],{"id":6767},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6770,6771,6772,6774],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,6773,5029],{}," values.",[20,6776,6777],{},"Common examples:",[137,6779,6780,6784,6788,6792,6796,6801,6805,6809],{},[140,6781,6782],{},[15,6783,1552],{},[140,6785,6786],{},[15,6787,3199],{},[140,6789,6790],{},[15,6791,5705],{},[140,6793,6794],{},[15,6795,151],{},[140,6797,6798],{},[15,6799,6800],{},"()",[140,6802,6803],{},[15,6804,3221],{},[140,6806,6807],{},[15,6808,3226],{},[140,6810,6811],{},[15,6812,323],{},[20,6814,761],{},[40,6816,6818],{"className":42,"code":6817,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6819,6820,6834,6848,6862,6872,6882,6893,6907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6821,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6823,105],{"class":104},[49,6825,108],{"class":63},[49,6827,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6829,108],{"class":63},[49,6831,1552],{"class":67},[49,6833,1182],{"class":63},[49,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6837,105],{"class":104},[49,6839,108],{"class":63},[49,6841,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6843,108],{"class":63},[49,6845,3199],{"class":67},[49,6847,1182],{"class":63},[49,6849,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6851,105],{"class":104},[49,6853,108],{"class":63},[49,6855,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6857,108],{"class":63},[49,6859,5705],{"class":346},[49,6861,1182],{"class":63},[49,6863,6864,6866,6868,6870],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,6865,105],{"class":104},[49,6867,108],{"class":63},[49,6869,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6871,3860],{"class":63},[49,6873,6874,6876,6878,6880],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,6875,105],{"class":104},[49,6877,108],{"class":63},[49,6879,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6881,3918],{"class":63},[49,6883,6884,6886,6888,6890],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,6885,105],{"class":104},[49,6887,108],{"class":63},[49,6889,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6891,6892],{"class":63},"({}))\n",[49,6894,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,6896,105],{"class":104},[49,6898,108],{"class":63},[49,6900,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6902,108],{"class":63},[49,6904,5720],{"class":1174},[49,6906,5723],{"class":63},[49,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,6910,105],{"class":104},[49,6912,108],{"class":63},[49,6914,3297],{"class":1174},[49,6916,108],{"class":63},[49,6918,323],{"class":3281},[49,6920,1182],{"class":63},[20,6922,275],{},[40,6924,6926],{"className":42,"code":6925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6927,6928,6932,6936,6940,6944,6948,6952,6956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6929,6930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6931,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6933,6934],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,6935,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6937,6938],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,6939,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6941,6942],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,6943,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6945,6946],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,6947,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6949,6950],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,6951,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6953,6954],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,6955,3471],{"class":3281},[49,6957,6958],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,6959,3471],{"class":3281},[35,6961,6963],{"id":6962},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6965,6966,6967,6969,6970,6774],{},"Many values become ",[15,6968,3039],{},". These are often called ",[30,6971,5026],{},[20,6973,6777],{},[137,6975,6976,6979,6982,6985,6988,6991],{},[140,6977,6978],{},"non-zero numbers",[140,6980,6981],{},"non-empty strings",[140,6983,6984],{},"non-empty lists",[140,6986,6987],{},"non-empty tuples",[140,6989,6990],{},"non-empty sets",[140,6992,6993],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,6995,761],{},[40,6997,6999],{"className":42,"code":6998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7000,7001,7015,7031,7049,7071,7089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7002,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7004,105],{"class":104},[49,7006,108],{"class":63},[49,7008,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7010,108],{"class":63},[49,7012,1569],{"class":67},[49,7014,1182],{"class":63},[49,7016,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7018,105],{"class":104},[49,7020,108],{"class":63},[49,7022,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7024,108],{"class":63},[49,7026,1453],{"class":59},[49,7028,1488],{"class":67},[49,7030,1182],{"class":63},[49,7032,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7034,105],{"class":104},[49,7036,108],{"class":63},[49,7038,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7040,108],{"class":63},[49,7042,347],{"class":346},[49,7044,1121],{"class":350},[49,7046,347],{"class":346},[49,7048,1182],{"class":63},[49,7050,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7052,105],{"class":104},[49,7054,108],{"class":63},[49,7056,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7058,2418],{"class":63},[49,7060,68],{"class":67},[49,7062,71],{"class":63},[49,7064,74],{"class":67},[49,7066,71],{"class":63},[49,7068,79],{"class":67},[49,7070,2431],{"class":63},[49,7072,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,7074,105],{"class":104},[49,7076,108],{"class":63},[49,7078,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7080,4943],{"class":63},[49,7082,68],{"class":67},[49,7084,71],{"class":63},[49,7086,74],{"class":67},[49,7088,2344],{"class":63},[49,7090,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7104,7106,7108,7110,7113,7115],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,7092,105],{"class":104},[49,7094,108],{"class":63},[49,7096,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7098,4962],{"class":63},[49,7100,347],{"class":346},[49,7102,7103],{"class":350},"name",[49,7105,347],{"class":346},[49,7107,135],{"class":63},[49,7109,357],{"class":346},[49,7111,7112],{"class":350},"Sam",[49,7114,347],{"class":346},[49,7116,4971],{"class":63},[20,7118,275],{},[40,7120,7122],{"className":42,"code":7121,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7123,7124,7128,7132,7136,7140,7144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7125,7126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7127,3410],{"class":3281},[49,7129,7130],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7131,3410],{"class":3281},[49,7133,7134],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7135,3410],{"class":3281},[49,7137,7138],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7139,3410],{"class":3281},[49,7141,7142],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,7143,3410],{"class":3281},[49,7145,7146],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,7147,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7149,7150],{},"One important example is this:",[40,7152,7154],{"className":42,"code":7153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7155,7156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7159,105],{"class":104},[49,7161,108],{"class":63},[49,7163,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7165,108],{"class":63},[49,7167,347],{"class":346},[49,7169,3105],{"class":350},[49,7171,347],{"class":346},[49,7173,1182],{"class":63},[20,7175,275],{},[40,7177,7178],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7179,7180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7181,7182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7183,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7185,7186,7187,7189,7190,91],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7188,6113],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7191,3039],{},[35,7193,7195],{"id":7194},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7197,7198,7199,7201],{},"You can use ",[15,7200,3242],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[528,7203,7205],{"id":7204},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[40,7207,7209],{"className":42,"code":7208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7210,7211,7231],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7214,56],{"class":55},[49,7216,60],{"class":59},[49,7218,64],{"class":63},[49,7220,221],{"class":67},[49,7222,71],{"class":63},[49,7224,226],{"class":67},[49,7226,71],{"class":63},[49,7228,231],{"class":67},[49,7230,82],{"class":63},[49,7232,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7234,105],{"class":104},[49,7236,108],{"class":63},[49,7238,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7240,108],{"class":63},[49,7242,88],{"class":94},[49,7244,1182],{"class":63},[20,7246,275],{},[40,7248,7249],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7250,7251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7252,7253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7254,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7256,7257],{},"With an empty list:",[40,7259,7261],{"className":42,"code":7260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7262,7263,7271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7264,7265,7267,7269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7266,56],{"class":55},[49,7268,60],{"class":59},[49,7270,526],{"class":63},[49,7272,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7274,105],{"class":104},[49,7276,108],{"class":63},[49,7278,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7280,108],{"class":63},[49,7282,88],{"class":94},[49,7284,1182],{"class":63},[20,7286,275],{},[40,7288,7289],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7290,7291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7292,7293],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7294,3471],{"class":3281},[528,7296,7298],{"id":7297},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[40,7300,7302],{"className":42,"code":7301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7303,7304,7314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7305,7306,7309,7311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7307,7308],{"class":55},"name ",[49,7310,60],{"class":59},[49,7312,7313],{"class":346}," \"\"\n",[49,7315,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7317,105],{"class":104},[49,7319,108],{"class":63},[49,7321,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7323,108],{"class":63},[49,7325,7103],{"class":94},[49,7327,1182],{"class":63},[20,7329,275],{},[40,7331,7332],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7333,7334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7335,7336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7337,3471],{"class":3281},[40,7339,7341],{"className":42,"code":7340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7342,7343,7356],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7344,7345,7347,7349,7351,7354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7346,7308],{"class":55},[49,7348,60],{"class":59},[49,7350,357],{"class":346},[49,7352,7353],{"class":350},"Mia",[49,7355,1124],{"class":346},[49,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7359,105],{"class":104},[49,7361,108],{"class":63},[49,7363,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7365,108],{"class":63},[49,7367,7103],{"class":94},[49,7369,1182],{"class":63},[20,7371,275],{},[40,7373,7374],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7375,7376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7377,7378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7379,3410],{"class":3281},[528,7381,7383],{"id":7382},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[40,7385,7387],{"className":42,"code":7386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7388,7389,7403,7420,7424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7390,7391,7394,7396,7398,7401],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7392,7393],{"class":55},"username ",[49,7395,60],{"class":59},[49,7397,357],{"class":346},[49,7399,7400],{"class":350},"alex",[49,7402,1124],{"class":346},[49,7404,7405,7408,7410,7413,7415,7418],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7406,7407],{"class":55},"has_name ",[49,7409,60],{"class":59},[49,7411,7412],{"class":1174}," bool",[49,7414,108],{"class":63},[49,7416,7417],{"class":94},"username",[49,7419,272],{"class":63},[49,7421,7422],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7423,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,7425,7426,7428,7430,7433],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7427,105],{"class":104},[49,7429,108],{"class":63},[49,7431,7432],{"class":94},"has_name",[49,7434,272],{"class":63},[20,7436,275],{},[40,7438,7439],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7440,7441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7442,7443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7444,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7446,7447,7448,2310,7450,7452],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7449,3039],{},[15,7451,3105],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[528,7454,7456],{"id":7455},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7458,7459],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[40,7461,7463],{"className":42,"code":7462,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7464,7465,7485,7489,7497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7466,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479,7481,7483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7468,214],{"class":55},[49,7470,60],{"class":59},[49,7472,64],{"class":63},[49,7474,68],{"class":67},[49,7476,71],{"class":63},[49,7478,74],{"class":67},[49,7480,71],{"class":63},[49,7482,79],{"class":67},[49,7484,82],{"class":63},[49,7486,7487],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7488,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,7490,7491,7493,7495],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7492,6431],{"class":3306},[49,7494,3695],{"class":55},[49,7496,5826],{"class":63},[49,7498,7499,7502,7504,7506,7509,7511],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7500,7501],{"class":104},"    print",[49,7503,108],{"class":63},[49,7505,347],{"class":346},[49,7507,7508],{"class":350},"The list is not empty",[49,7510,347],{"class":346},[49,7512,272],{"class":63},[20,7514,275],{},[40,7516,7518],{"className":42,"code":7517,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7519,7520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7521,7522,7524,7527,7530,7533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7523,1409],{"class":55},[49,7525,7526],{"class":1174},"list",[49,7528,7529],{"class":59}," is",[49,7531,7532],{"class":59}," not",[49,7534,7535],{"class":55}," empty\n",[20,7537,7538,7539,91],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[308,7540,7542],{"href":7541},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[35,7544,7546],{"id":7545},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7548,7549,7550,7552],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7551,3242],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7554,7555],{},"It does not do that.",[528,7557,7559,320,7562],{"id":7558},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7560,7561],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7563,3039],{},[40,7565,7566],{"className":42,"code":7153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7567,7568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7569,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7571,105],{"class":104},[49,7573,108],{"class":63},[49,7575,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7577,108],{"class":63},[49,7579,347],{"class":346},[49,7581,3105],{"class":350},[49,7583,347],{"class":346},[49,7585,1182],{"class":63},[20,7587,275],{},[40,7589,7590],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7591,7592],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7593,7594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7595,3410],{"class":3281},[528,7597,7599,320,7602],{"id":7598},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7600,7601],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7603,3039],{},[40,7605,7607],{"className":42,"code":7606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7608,7609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7610,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621,7623,7625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7612,105],{"class":104},[49,7614,108],{"class":63},[49,7616,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7618,108],{"class":63},[49,7620,347],{"class":346},[49,7622,1552],{"class":350},[49,7624,347],{"class":346},[49,7626,1182],{"class":63},[20,7628,275],{},[40,7630,7631],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7632,7633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7634,7635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7636,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7638,7639,7640,91],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7641,6981],{},[20,7643,7644,7646],{},[15,7645,3242],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7648,7649,7650,7655,7656,7658],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[308,7651,7653],{"href":7652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7654,2390],{},", because ",[15,7657,2390],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7660,761],{},[40,7662,7664],{"className":42,"code":7663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7665,7666,7687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7667,7668,7671,7673,7676,7678,7680,7683,7685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7669,7670],{"class":55},"user_value ",[49,7672,60],{"class":59},[49,7674,7675],{"class":104}," input",[49,7677,108],{"class":63},[49,7679,347],{"class":346},[49,7681,7682],{"class":350},"Enter True or False: ",[49,7684,347],{"class":346},[49,7686,272],{"class":63},[49,7688,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697,7700],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7690,105],{"class":104},[49,7692,108],{"class":63},[49,7694,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7696,108],{"class":63},[49,7698,7699],{"class":94},"user_value",[49,7701,1182],{"class":63},[20,7703,7704,7705,7707,7708,7655,7710,7712],{},"If the user types ",[15,7706,3105],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7709,3039],{},[15,7711,6113],{}," is not empty.",[35,7714,7716],{"id":7715},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7718,7719,7720,7722,7723,7725],{},"In many ",[15,7721,6431],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7724,3242],{}," yourself.",[20,7727,7728],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7730,7731],{},"Instead of this:",[40,7733,7735],{"className":42,"code":7734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7736,7737,7757,7761,7774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7738,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751,7753,7755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7740,521],{"class":55},[49,7742,60],{"class":59},[49,7744,64],{"class":63},[49,7746,68],{"class":67},[49,7748,71],{"class":63},[49,7750,74],{"class":67},[49,7752,71],{"class":63},[49,7754,79],{"class":67},[49,7756,82],{"class":63},[49,7758,7759],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7760,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,7762,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7764,6431],{"class":3306},[49,7766,7412],{"class":1174},[49,7768,108],{"class":63},[49,7770,177],{"class":94},[49,7772,7773],{"class":63},"):\n",[49,7775,7776,7778,7780,7782,7785,7787],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7777,7501],{"class":104},[49,7779,108],{"class":63},[49,7781,347],{"class":346},[49,7783,7784],{"class":350},"List has items",[49,7786,347],{"class":346},[49,7788,272],{"class":63},[20,7790,7791],{},"You can simply write:",[40,7793,7795],{"className":42,"code":7794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7796,7797,7817,7821,7830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7798,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811,7813,7815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7800,521],{"class":55},[49,7802,60],{"class":59},[49,7804,64],{"class":63},[49,7806,68],{"class":67},[49,7808,71],{"class":63},[49,7810,74],{"class":67},[49,7812,71],{"class":63},[49,7814,79],{"class":67},[49,7816,82],{"class":63},[49,7818,7819],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7820,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,7822,7823,7825,7828],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,7824,6431],{"class":3306},[49,7826,7827],{"class":55}," my_list",[49,7829,5826],{"class":63},[49,7831,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,7833,7501],{"class":104},[49,7835,108],{"class":63},[49,7837,347],{"class":346},[49,7839,7784],{"class":350},[49,7841,347],{"class":346},[49,7843,272],{"class":63},[20,7845,7846],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7848,1092,7849,7851],{},[15,7850,3242],{}," is still helpful when:",[137,7853,7854,7857,7865],{},[140,7855,7856],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[140,7858,7859,7860,2310,7862,7864],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7861,3039],{},[15,7863,3105],{}," value",[140,7866,7867],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7869,7870,7871,91],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[308,7872,7873],{"href":1731},"Python type() function explained",[35,7875,2261],{"id":2260},[20,7877,7878,7879,91],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7880,3242],{},[528,7882,1011,7884,7886,7887],{"id":7883},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,7885,7561],{}," to return ",[15,7888,3105],{},[20,7890,7891],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[40,7893,7894],{"className":42,"code":7153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7895,7896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7897,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7899,105],{"class":104},[49,7901,108],{"class":63},[49,7903,3297],{"class":1174},[49,7905,108],{"class":63},[49,7907,347],{"class":346},[49,7909,3105],{"class":350},[49,7911,347],{"class":346},[49,7913,1182],{"class":63},[20,7915,275],{},[40,7917,7918],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7919,7920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7921,7922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7923,3410],{"class":3281},[20,7925,7926,7927,6114],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7928,6113],{},[20,7930,7931],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[40,7933,7935],{"className":42,"code":7934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7936,7937,7949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7938,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7940,1878],{"class":55},[49,7942,60],{"class":59},[49,7944,357],{"class":346},[49,7946,3105],{"class":350},[49,7948,1124],{"class":346},[49,7950,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,7952,105],{"class":104},[49,7954,108],{"class":63},[49,7956,1878],{"class":94},[49,7958,4119],{"class":59},[49,7960,357],{"class":346},[49,7962,3039],{"class":350},[49,7964,347],{"class":346},[49,7966,272],{"class":63},[20,7968,275],{},[40,7970,7971],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7972,7973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7974,7975],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7976,3471],{"class":3281},[528,7978,7980],{"id":7979},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7982,7983,7985],{},[15,7984,2390],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[40,7987,7989],{"className":42,"code":7988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,7990,7991,8010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7992,7993,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003,8006,8008],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7994,1878],{"class":55},[49,7996,60],{"class":59},[49,7998,7675],{"class":104},[49,8000,108],{"class":63},[49,8002,347],{"class":346},[49,8004,8005],{"class":350},"Enter yes or no: ",[49,8007,347],{"class":346},[49,8009,272],{"class":63},[49,8011,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8013,105],{"class":104},[49,8015,108],{"class":63},[49,8017,3297],{"class":1174},[49,8019,108],{"class":63},[49,8021,1904],{"class":94},[49,8023,1182],{"class":63},[20,8025,7704,8026,8029,8030,8032,8033,7712],{},[15,8027,8028],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8031,3039],{}," because ",[15,8034,8035],{},"\"no\"",[20,8037,8038],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[40,8040,8042],{"className":42,"code":8041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8043,8044,8074],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8045,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060,8063,8066,8069,8072],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8047,1878],{"class":55},[49,8049,60],{"class":59},[49,8051,7675],{"class":104},[49,8053,108],{"class":63},[49,8055,347],{"class":346},[49,8057,8005],{"class":350},[49,8059,347],{"class":346},[49,8061,8062],{"class":63},").",[49,8064,8065],{"class":94},"strip",[49,8067,8068],{"class":63},"().",[49,8070,8071],{"class":94},"lower",[49,8073,98],{"class":63},[49,8075,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8089,8091],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8077,105],{"class":104},[49,8079,108],{"class":63},[49,8081,1878],{"class":94},[49,8083,4119],{"class":59},[49,8085,357],{"class":346},[49,8087,8088],{"class":350},"yes",[49,8090,347],{"class":346},[49,8092,272],{"class":63},[20,8094,8095,8096,8098,8099,91],{},"This gives ",[15,8097,3039],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8100,8088],{},[528,8102,8104],{"id":8103},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8106,8107],{},"These are different:",[137,8109,8110,8114,8118,8122,8126],{},[140,8111,8112],{},[15,8113,3105],{},[140,8115,8116],{},[15,8117,1552],{},[140,8119,8120],{},[15,8121,5705],{},[140,8123,8124],{},[15,8125,151],{},[140,8127,8128],{},[15,8129,323],{},[20,8131,8132,8133,8135,8136,8138],{},"They all become ",[15,8134,3105],{}," with ",[15,8137,3242],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8140,8141],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[40,8143,8145],{"className":42,"code":8144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8146,8147,8155,8169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8148,8149,8151,8153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8150,1878],{"class":55},[49,8152,60],{"class":59},[49,8154,526],{"class":63},[49,8156,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8158,105],{"class":104},[49,8160,108],{"class":63},[49,8162,1175],{"class":1174},[49,8164,108],{"class":63},[49,8166,1904],{"class":94},[49,8168,1182],{"class":63},[49,8170,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,8172,105],{"class":104},[49,8174,108],{"class":63},[49,8176,3297],{"class":1174},[49,8178,108],{"class":63},[49,8180,1904],{"class":94},[49,8182,1182],{"class":63},[20,8184,275],{},[40,8186,8188],{"className":42,"code":8187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8189,8190,8204],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8191,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200,8202],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8193,2723],{"class":59},[49,8195,2726],{"class":1497},[49,8197,2729],{"class":346},[49,8199,7526],{"class":350},[49,8201,2734],{"class":346},[49,8203,2737],{"class":59},[49,8205,8206],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8207,3471],{"class":3281},[528,8209,1092,8211,8213],{"id":8210},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8212,3221],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8215,8216,8217,8219],{},"In Python, ",[15,8218,3221],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[40,8221,8223],{"className":42,"code":8222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8224,8225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8226,8227,8229,8231,8233],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8228,105],{"class":104},[49,8230,108],{"class":63},[49,8232,1175],{"class":1174},[49,8234,6892],{"class":63},[20,8236,275],{},[40,8238,8240],{"className":42,"code":8239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8241,8242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8253,8255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8245,2723],{"class":59},[49,8247,2726],{"class":1497},[49,8249,2729],{"class":346},[49,8251,8252],{"class":350},"dict",[49,8254,2734],{"class":346},[49,8256,2737],{"class":59},[20,8258,8259],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[40,8261,8263],{"className":42,"code":8262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8264,8265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8266,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275,8277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8268,105],{"class":104},[49,8270,108],{"class":63},[49,8272,1175],{"class":1174},[49,8274,108],{"class":63},[49,8276,5720],{"class":1174},[49,8278,5723],{"class":63},[20,8280,275],{},[40,8282,8284],{"className":42,"code":8283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8285,8286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8287,8288,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8289,2723],{"class":59},[49,8291,2726],{"class":1497},[49,8293,2729],{"class":346},[49,8295,5720],{"class":350},[49,8297,2734],{"class":346},[49,8299,2737],{"class":59},[35,8301,8303],{"id":8302},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8305,8306,8307,8309],{},"If ",[15,8308,3242],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[40,8311,8313],{"className":42,"code":8312,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8314,8315,8329,8343,8353,8371],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8316,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325,8327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8318,105],{"class":104},[49,8320,108],{"class":63},[49,8322,3297],{"class":1174},[49,8324,108],{"class":63},[49,8326,1904],{"class":94},[49,8328,1182],{"class":63},[49,8330,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8332,105],{"class":104},[49,8334,108],{"class":63},[49,8336,1175],{"class":1174},[49,8338,108],{"class":63},[49,8340,1904],{"class":94},[49,8342,1182],{"class":63},[49,8344,8345,8347,8349,8351],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,8346,105],{"class":104},[49,8348,108],{"class":63},[49,8350,1904],{"class":94},[49,8352,272],{"class":63},[49,8354,8355,8357,8359,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,8356,105],{"class":104},[49,8358,108],{"class":63},[49,8360,1878],{"class":94},[49,8362,4119],{"class":59},[49,8364,357],{"class":346},[49,8366,3039],{"class":350},[49,8368,347],{"class":346},[49,8370,272],{"class":63},[49,8372,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383,8385,8387],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,8374,105],{"class":104},[49,8376,108],{"class":63},[49,8378,1904],{"class":94},[49,8380,91],{"class":63},[49,8382,8065],{"class":94},[49,8384,8068],{"class":63},[49,8386,8071],{"class":94},[49,8388,6628],{"class":63},[20,8390,8391],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[137,8393,8394,8397,8400,8403],{},[140,8395,8396],{},"what the value really is",[140,8398,8399],{},"whether it is a string",[140,8401,8402],{},"whether it contains spaces",[140,8404,8405],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8407,8408,8409,91],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[308,8410,8412],{"href":8411},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[35,8414,1253],{"id":1252},[528,8416,8418],{"id":8417},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8420,8421,8422,2310,8424,91],{},"It returns either ",[15,8423,3039],{},[15,8425,3105],{},[528,8427,8429],{"id":8428},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8431,4579,8432,91],{},[15,8433,3105],{},[528,8435,8437],{"id":8436},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8439,8440,8441,91],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8442,3039],{},[528,8444,8446],{"id":8445},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8448,8449,8450,91],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8451,3105],{},[528,8453,8455],{"id":8454},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8457,8458,8459,2310,8461,3168],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8460,3039],{},[15,8462,3105],{},[35,8464,1309],{"id":1308},[137,8466,8467,8472,8476,8481,8485,8490],{},[140,8468,8469],{},[308,8470,8471],{"href":5210},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[140,8473,8474],{},[308,8475,7542],{"href":7541},[140,8477,8478],{},[308,8479,8480],{"href":7652},"Python input() function explained",[140,8482,8483],{},[308,8484,7873],{"href":1731},[140,8486,8487],{},[308,8488,8489],{"href":8411},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[140,8491,8492],{},[308,8493,8494],{"href":6644},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1352,8496,8497],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":8499},[8500,8501,8502,8503,8504,8505,8511,8517,8518,8526,8527,8534],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":6581,"depth":85,"text":6582},{"id":6648,"depth":85,"text":6649},{"id":6767,"depth":85,"text":6768},{"id":6962,"depth":85,"text":6963},{"id":7194,"depth":85,"text":7195,"children":8506},[8507,8508,8509,8510],{"id":7204,"depth":101,"text":7205},{"id":7297,"depth":101,"text":7298},{"id":7382,"depth":101,"text":7383},{"id":7455,"depth":101,"text":7456},{"id":7545,"depth":85,"text":7546,"children":8512},[8513,8515],{"id":7558,"depth":101,"text":8514},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7598,"depth":101,"text":8516},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7715,"depth":85,"text":7716},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":8519},[8520,8522,8523,8524],{"id":7883,"depth":101,"text":8521},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7979,"depth":101,"text":7980},{"id":8103,"depth":101,"text":8104},{"id":8210,"depth":101,"text":8525},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8302,"depth":85,"text":8303},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":8528},[8529,8530,8531,8532,8533],{"id":8417,"depth":101,"text":8418},{"id":8428,"depth":101,"text":8429},{"id":8436,"depth":101,"text":8437},{"id":8445,"depth":101,"text":8446},{"id":8454,"depth":101,"text":8455},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6408,"description":8535},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8542,"title":8543,"body":8544,"description":10735,"extension":1392,"meta":10736,"navigation":243,"path":10737,"seo":10738,"stem":10739,"__hash__":10740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8545,"toc":10697},[8546,8552,8558,8565,8570,8581,8588,8697,8701,8770,8775,8780,8785,8788,8799,8804,8807,8818,8825,8827,8832,8836,8861,8865,8874,8878,8941,8945,8978,8982,9027,9031,9068,9072,9075,9131,9135,9180,9183,9188,9227,9231,9254,9257,9271,9284,9288,9293,9360,9364,9400,9403,9411,9414,9478,9482,9514,9520,9522,9582,9589,9592,9670,9674,9707,9711,9714,9758,9762,9798,9801,9818,9821,9824,9877,9880,9891,9898,9907,9910,9968,9972,10013,10021,10028,10034,10042,10054,10059,10070,10143,10146,10158,10173,10177,10182,10186,10188,10231,10237,10239,10302,10306,10309,10318,10323,10360,10364,10367,10375,10378,10417,10421,10424,10475,10479,10500,10507,10509,10515,10541,10544,10599,10602,10613,10615,10622,10630,10636,10641,10648,10651,10658,10665,10667,10694],[10,8547,3010,8549,3014],{"id":8548},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8550,8551],{},"dict()",[20,8553,8554,8555,8557],{},"The built-in ",[15,8556,8551],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8559,8560,8561,8564],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8562,8563],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8566,8567,8569],{},[15,8568,8551],{}," is commonly used to:",[137,8571,8572,8575,8578],{},[140,8573,8574],{},"create an empty dictionary",[140,8576,8577],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[140,8579,8580],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8582,8583,8584,91],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[308,8585,8587],{"href":8586},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[40,8589,8591],{"className":42,"code":8590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8592,8593,8628,8639,8643,8682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8594,8595,8598,8600,8603,8605,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8621,8623,8626],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8596,8597],{"class":55},"data ",[49,8599,60],{"class":59},[49,8601,8602],{"class":1174}," dict",[49,8604,108],{"class":63},[49,8606,7103],{"class":8607},"s99_P",[49,8609,60],{"class":59},[49,8611,2734],{"class":346},[49,8613,4434],{"class":350},[49,8615,2734],{"class":346},[49,8617,71],{"class":63},[49,8619,8620],{"class":8607}," age",[49,8622,60],{"class":59},[49,8624,8625],{"class":67},"25",[49,8627,272],{"class":63},[49,8629,8630,8632,8634,8637],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8631,105],{"class":104},[49,8633,108],{"class":63},[49,8635,8636],{"class":94},"data",[49,8638,272],{"class":63},[49,8640,8641],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,8642,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,8644,8645,8648,8650,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8666,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,8646,8647],{"class":55},"pairs ",[49,8649,60],{"class":59},[49,8651,8652],{"class":63}," [(",[49,8654,2734],{"class":346},[49,8656,308],{"class":350},[49,8658,2734],{"class":346},[49,8660,71],{"class":63},[49,8662,4930],{"class":67},[49,8664,8665],{"class":63},"),",[49,8667,8668],{"class":63}," (",[49,8670,2734],{"class":346},[49,8672,360],{"class":350},[49,8674,2734],{"class":346},[49,8676,71],{"class":63},[49,8678,74],{"class":67},[49,8680,8681],{"class":63},")]\n",[49,8683,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692,8695],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,8685,105],{"class":104},[49,8687,108],{"class":63},[49,8689,8252],{"class":1174},[49,8691,108],{"class":63},[49,8693,8694],{"class":94},"pairs",[49,8696,1182],{"class":63},[20,8698,8699],{},[30,8700,275],{},[40,8702,8704],{"className":42,"code":8703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8705,8706,8742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8707,8708,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721,8723,8725,8727,8729,8732,8734,8736,8739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8709,8710],{"class":63},"{",[49,8712,2734],{"class":346},[49,8714,7103],{"class":350},[49,8716,2734],{"class":346},[49,8718,135],{"class":63},[49,8720,2729],{"class":346},[49,8722,4434],{"class":350},[49,8724,2734],{"class":346},[49,8726,71],{"class":63},[49,8728,2729],{"class":346},[49,8730,8731],{"class":350},"age",[49,8733,2734],{"class":346},[49,8735,135],{"class":63},[49,8737,8738],{"class":67}," 25",[49,8740,8741],{"class":63},"}\n",[49,8743,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8745,8710],{"class":63},[49,8747,2734],{"class":346},[49,8749,308],{"class":350},[49,8751,2734],{"class":346},[49,8753,135],{"class":63},[49,8755,4930],{"class":67},[49,8757,71],{"class":63},[49,8759,2729],{"class":346},[49,8761,360],{"class":350},[49,8763,2734],{"class":346},[49,8765,135],{"class":63},[49,8767,74],{"class":67},[49,8769,8741],{"class":63},[20,8771,120,8772,8774],{},[15,8773,8551],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[35,8776,127,8778,130],{"id":8777},"what-dict-does",[15,8779,8551],{},[20,8781,8782,8784],{},[15,8783,8551],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8786,8787],{},"A dictionary:",[137,8789,8790,8793,8796],{},[140,8791,8792],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[140,8794,8795],{},"lets you look up values by key",[140,8797,8798],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8800,8801,8803],{},[15,8802,8551],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8805,8806],{},"Common uses include:",[137,8808,8809,8812,8815],{},[140,8810,8811],{},"making an empty dictionary",[140,8813,8814],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[140,8816,8817],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8819,8820,8821,91],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[308,8822,8824],{"href":8823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[35,8826,164],{"id":163},[20,8828,8829,8831],{},[15,8830,8551],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[528,8833,8835],{"id":8834},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[40,8837,8839],{"className":42,"code":8838,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8840,8841,8851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8842,8843,8845,8847,8849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8844,8597],{"class":55},[49,8846,60],{"class":59},[49,8848,8602],{"class":1174},[49,8850,98],{"class":63},[49,8852,8853,8855,8857,8859],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8854,105],{"class":104},[49,8856,108],{"class":63},[49,8858,8636],{"class":94},[49,8860,272],{"class":63},[20,8862,8863],{},[30,8864,275],{},[40,8866,8868],{"className":42,"code":8867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{}\n",[15,8869,8870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8871,8872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8873,8867],{"class":63},[528,8875,8877],{"id":8876},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[40,8879,8881],{"className":42,"code":8880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8882,8883,8917,8931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8884,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913,8915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8886,8647],{"class":55},[49,8888,60],{"class":59},[49,8890,8652],{"class":63},[49,8892,2734],{"class":346},[49,8894,308],{"class":350},[49,8896,2734],{"class":346},[49,8898,71],{"class":63},[49,8900,4930],{"class":67},[49,8902,8665],{"class":63},[49,8904,8668],{"class":63},[49,8906,2734],{"class":346},[49,8908,360],{"class":350},[49,8910,2734],{"class":346},[49,8912,71],{"class":63},[49,8914,74],{"class":67},[49,8916,8681],{"class":63},[49,8918,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,8920,8597],{"class":55},[49,8922,60],{"class":59},[49,8924,8602],{"class":1174},[49,8926,108],{"class":63},[49,8928,8694],{"class":94},[49,8930,272],{"class":63},[49,8932,8933,8935,8937,8939],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,8934,105],{"class":104},[49,8936,108],{"class":63},[49,8938,8636],{"class":94},[49,8940,272],{"class":63},[20,8942,8943],{},[30,8944,275],{},[40,8946,8948],{"className":42,"code":8947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8949,8950],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8951,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8953,8710],{"class":63},[49,8955,2734],{"class":346},[49,8957,308],{"class":350},[49,8959,2734],{"class":346},[49,8961,135],{"class":63},[49,8963,4930],{"class":67},[49,8965,71],{"class":63},[49,8967,2729],{"class":346},[49,8969,360],{"class":350},[49,8971,2734],{"class":346},[49,8973,135],{"class":63},[49,8975,74],{"class":67},[49,8977,8741],{"class":63},[528,8979,8981],{"id":8980},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[40,8983,8985],{"className":42,"code":8984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8986,8987,9017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8988,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9011,9013,9015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8990,8597],{"class":55},[49,8992,60],{"class":59},[49,8994,8602],{"class":1174},[49,8996,108],{"class":63},[49,8998,7103],{"class":8607},[49,9000,60],{"class":59},[49,9002,2734],{"class":346},[49,9004,4434],{"class":350},[49,9006,2734],{"class":346},[49,9008,71],{"class":63},[49,9010,8620],{"class":8607},[49,9012,60],{"class":59},[49,9014,8625],{"class":67},[49,9016,272],{"class":63},[49,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9020,105],{"class":104},[49,9022,108],{"class":63},[49,9024,8636],{"class":94},[49,9026,272],{"class":63},[20,9028,9029],{},[30,9030,275],{},[40,9032,9034],{"className":42,"code":9033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9035,9036],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9037,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9039,8710],{"class":63},[49,9041,2734],{"class":346},[49,9043,7103],{"class":350},[49,9045,2734],{"class":346},[49,9047,135],{"class":63},[49,9049,2729],{"class":346},[49,9051,4434],{"class":350},[49,9053,2734],{"class":346},[49,9055,71],{"class":63},[49,9057,2729],{"class":346},[49,9059,8731],{"class":350},[49,9061,2734],{"class":346},[49,9063,135],{"class":63},[49,9065,8738],{"class":67},[49,9067,8741],{"class":63},[528,9069,9071],{"id":9070},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9073,9074],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[40,9076,9078],{"className":42,"code":9077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9079,9080,9121],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9081,9082,9084,9086,9088,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9115,9117,9119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9083,8597],{"class":55},[49,9085,60],{"class":59},[49,9087,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9089,9090],{"class":63},"([(",[49,9092,2734],{"class":346},[49,9094,308],{"class":350},[49,9096,2734],{"class":346},[49,9098,71],{"class":63},[49,9100,4930],{"class":67},[49,9102,9103],{"class":63},")],",[49,9105,1990],{"class":8607},[49,9107,60],{"class":59},[49,9109,1488],{"class":67},[49,9111,71],{"class":63},[49,9113,9114],{"class":8607}," c",[49,9116,60],{"class":59},[49,9118,1494],{"class":67},[49,9120,272],{"class":63},[49,9122,9123,9125,9127,9129],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9124,105],{"class":104},[49,9126,108],{"class":63},[49,9128,8636],{"class":94},[49,9130,272],{"class":63},[20,9132,9133],{},[30,9134,275],{},[40,9136,9138],{"className":42,"code":9137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9139,9140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9141,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9143,8710],{"class":63},[49,9145,2734],{"class":346},[49,9147,308],{"class":350},[49,9149,2734],{"class":346},[49,9151,135],{"class":63},[49,9153,4930],{"class":67},[49,9155,71],{"class":63},[49,9157,2729],{"class":346},[49,9159,360],{"class":350},[49,9161,2734],{"class":346},[49,9163,135],{"class":63},[49,9165,74],{"class":67},[49,9167,71],{"class":63},[49,9169,2729],{"class":346},[49,9171,369],{"class":350},[49,9173,2734],{"class":346},[49,9175,135],{"class":63},[49,9177,79],{"class":67},[49,9179,8741],{"class":63},[35,9181,8835],{"id":9182},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9184,120,9185,9187],{},[15,9186,8551],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[40,9189,9191],{"className":42,"code":9190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9192,9193,9203,9217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9194,9195,9197,9199,9201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9196,8597],{"class":55},[49,9198,60],{"class":59},[49,9200,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9202,98],{"class":63},[49,9204,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9206,105],{"class":104},[49,9208,108],{"class":63},[49,9210,1175],{"class":1174},[49,9212,108],{"class":63},[49,9214,8636],{"class":94},[49,9216,1182],{"class":63},[49,9218,9219,9221,9223,9225],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,9220,105],{"class":104},[49,9222,108],{"class":63},[49,9224,8636],{"class":94},[49,9226,272],{"class":63},[20,9228,9229],{},[30,9230,275],{},[40,9232,9234],{"className":42,"code":9233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9235,9236,9250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9237,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9239,2723],{"class":59},[49,9241,2726],{"class":1497},[49,9243,2729],{"class":346},[49,9245,8252],{"class":350},[49,9247,2734],{"class":346},[49,9249,2737],{"class":59},[49,9251,9252],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9253,8867],{"class":63},[20,9255,9256],{},"This gives the same result as:",[40,9258,9260],{"className":42,"code":9259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n",[15,9261,9262],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9263,9264,9266,9268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9265,8597],{"class":55},[49,9267,60],{"class":59},[49,9269,9270],{"class":63}," {}\n",[20,9272,9273,9274,9276,9277,9280,9281,9283],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9275,3221],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9278,9279],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9282,8551],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[35,9285,9287],{"id":9286},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9289,9290,9291,91],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9292,8551],{},[40,9294,9296],{"className":42,"code":9295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9297,9298,9336,9350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9299,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9301,8647],{"class":55},[49,9303,60],{"class":59},[49,9305,8652],{"class":63},[49,9307,2734],{"class":346},[49,9309,7103],{"class":350},[49,9311,2734],{"class":346},[49,9313,71],{"class":63},[49,9315,2729],{"class":346},[49,9317,4434],{"class":350},[49,9319,2734],{"class":346},[49,9321,8665],{"class":63},[49,9323,8668],{"class":63},[49,9325,2734],{"class":346},[49,9327,8731],{"class":350},[49,9329,2734],{"class":346},[49,9331,71],{"class":63},[49,9333,8738],{"class":67},[49,9335,8681],{"class":63},[49,9337,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9339,8597],{"class":55},[49,9341,60],{"class":59},[49,9343,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9345,108],{"class":63},[49,9347,8694],{"class":94},[49,9349,272],{"class":63},[49,9351,9352,9354,9356,9358],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,9353,105],{"class":104},[49,9355,108],{"class":63},[49,9357,8636],{"class":94},[49,9359,272],{"class":63},[20,9361,9362],{},[30,9363,275],{},[40,9365,9366],{"className":42,"code":9033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9367,9368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9369,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9371,8710],{"class":63},[49,9373,2734],{"class":346},[49,9375,7103],{"class":350},[49,9377,2734],{"class":346},[49,9379,135],{"class":63},[49,9381,2729],{"class":346},[49,9383,4434],{"class":350},[49,9385,2734],{"class":346},[49,9387,71],{"class":63},[49,9389,2729],{"class":346},[49,9391,8731],{"class":350},[49,9393,2734],{"class":346},[49,9395,135],{"class":63},[49,9397,8738],{"class":67},[49,9399,8741],{"class":63},[20,9401,9402],{},"Each pair becomes:",[137,9404,9405,9408],{},[140,9406,9407],{},"the first item as the key",[140,9409,9410],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9412,9413],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[40,9415,9417],{"className":42,"code":9416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9418,9419,9454,9468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9420,9421,9423,9425,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9422,8647],{"class":55},[49,9424,60],{"class":59},[49,9426,9427],{"class":63}," ((",[49,9429,2734],{"class":346},[49,9431,308],{"class":350},[49,9433,2734],{"class":346},[49,9435,71],{"class":63},[49,9437,4930],{"class":67},[49,9439,8665],{"class":63},[49,9441,8668],{"class":63},[49,9443,2734],{"class":346},[49,9445,360],{"class":350},[49,9447,2734],{"class":346},[49,9449,71],{"class":63},[49,9451,74],{"class":67},[49,9453,1182],{"class":63},[49,9455,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9457,8597],{"class":55},[49,9459,60],{"class":59},[49,9461,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9463,108],{"class":63},[49,9465,8694],{"class":94},[49,9467,272],{"class":63},[49,9469,9470,9472,9474,9476],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,9471,105],{"class":104},[49,9473,108],{"class":63},[49,9475,8636],{"class":94},[49,9477,272],{"class":63},[20,9479,9480],{},[30,9481,275],{},[40,9483,9484],{"className":42,"code":8947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9485,9486],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9489,8710],{"class":63},[49,9491,2734],{"class":346},[49,9493,308],{"class":350},[49,9495,2734],{"class":346},[49,9497,135],{"class":63},[49,9499,4930],{"class":67},[49,9501,71],{"class":63},[49,9503,2729],{"class":346},[49,9505,360],{"class":350},[49,9507,2734],{"class":346},[49,9509,135],{"class":63},[49,9511,74],{"class":67},[49,9513,8741],{"class":63},[20,9515,9516,9517,91],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9518,9519],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9521,2268],{},[40,9523,9525],{"className":42,"code":9524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9526,9527,9567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9528,9529,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9530,9531],{"class":55},"bad_data ",[49,9533,60],{"class":59},[49,9535,8652],{"class":63},[49,9537,2734],{"class":346},[49,9539,308],{"class":350},[49,9541,2734],{"class":346},[49,9543,71],{"class":63},[49,9545,4930],{"class":67},[49,9547,71],{"class":63},[49,9549,9550],{"class":67}," 100",[49,9552,8665],{"class":63},[49,9554,8668],{"class":63},[49,9556,2734],{"class":346},[49,9558,360],{"class":350},[49,9560,2734],{"class":346},[49,9562,71],{"class":63},[49,9564,74],{"class":67},[49,9566,8681],{"class":63},[49,9568,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9580],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9570,382],{"class":55},[49,9572,60],{"class":59},[49,9574,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9576,108],{"class":63},[49,9578,9579],{"class":94},"bad_data",[49,9581,272],{"class":63},[20,9583,9584,9585,9588],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9586,9587],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9590,9591],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[40,9593,9595],{"className":42,"code":9594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9596,9597,9646,9660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9598,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9600,8647],{"class":55},[49,9602,60],{"class":59},[49,9604,8652],{"class":63},[49,9606,2734],{"class":346},[49,9608,308],{"class":350},[49,9610,2734],{"class":346},[49,9612,71],{"class":63},[49,9614,4930],{"class":67},[49,9616,8665],{"class":63},[49,9618,8668],{"class":63},[49,9620,2734],{"class":346},[49,9622,308],{"class":350},[49,9624,2734],{"class":346},[49,9626,71],{"class":63},[49,9628,9629],{"class":67}," 99",[49,9631,8665],{"class":63},[49,9633,8668],{"class":63},[49,9635,2734],{"class":346},[49,9637,360],{"class":350},[49,9639,2734],{"class":346},[49,9641,71],{"class":63},[49,9643,74],{"class":67},[49,9645,8681],{"class":63},[49,9647,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9649,8597],{"class":55},[49,9651,60],{"class":59},[49,9653,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9655,108],{"class":63},[49,9657,8694],{"class":94},[49,9659,272],{"class":63},[49,9661,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,9663,105],{"class":104},[49,9665,108],{"class":63},[49,9667,8636],{"class":94},[49,9669,272],{"class":63},[20,9671,9672],{},[30,9673,275],{},[40,9675,9677],{"className":42,"code":9676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9678,9679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9682,8710],{"class":63},[49,9684,2734],{"class":346},[49,9686,308],{"class":350},[49,9688,2734],{"class":346},[49,9690,135],{"class":63},[49,9692,9629],{"class":67},[49,9694,71],{"class":63},[49,9696,2729],{"class":346},[49,9698,360],{"class":350},[49,9700,2734],{"class":346},[49,9702,135],{"class":63},[49,9704,74],{"class":67},[49,9706,8741],{"class":63},[35,9708,9710],{"id":9709},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9712,9713],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[40,9715,9716],{"className":42,"code":8984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9717,9718,9748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9719,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9721,8597],{"class":55},[49,9723,60],{"class":59},[49,9725,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9727,108],{"class":63},[49,9729,7103],{"class":8607},[49,9731,60],{"class":59},[49,9733,2734],{"class":346},[49,9735,4434],{"class":350},[49,9737,2734],{"class":346},[49,9739,71],{"class":63},[49,9741,8620],{"class":8607},[49,9743,60],{"class":59},[49,9745,8625],{"class":67},[49,9747,272],{"class":63},[49,9749,9750,9752,9754,9756],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9751,105],{"class":104},[49,9753,108],{"class":63},[49,9755,8636],{"class":94},[49,9757,272],{"class":63},[20,9759,9760],{},[30,9761,275],{},[40,9763,9764],{"className":42,"code":9033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9765,9766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9769,8710],{"class":63},[49,9771,2734],{"class":346},[49,9773,7103],{"class":350},[49,9775,2734],{"class":346},[49,9777,135],{"class":63},[49,9779,2729],{"class":346},[49,9781,4434],{"class":350},[49,9783,2734],{"class":346},[49,9785,71],{"class":63},[49,9787,2729],{"class":346},[49,9789,8731],{"class":350},[49,9791,2734],{"class":346},[49,9793,135],{"class":63},[49,9795,8738],{"class":67},[49,9797,8741],{"class":63},[20,9799,9800],{},"In this form:",[137,9802,9803,9811],{},[140,9804,9805,9807,9808],{},[15,9806,7103],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9809,9810],{},"'name'",[140,9812,9813,9807,9815],{},[15,9814,8731],{},[15,9816,9817],{},"'age'",[20,9819,9820],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9822,9823],{},"Valid examples:",[40,9825,9827],{"className":42,"code":9826,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9828,9829,9867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9830,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9842,9844,9846,9849,9851,9853,9856,9858,9860,9863,9865],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9832,8597],{"class":55},[49,9834,60],{"class":59},[49,9836,8602],{"class":1174},[49,9838,108],{"class":63},[49,9840,9841],{"class":8607},"city",[49,9843,60],{"class":59},[49,9845,2734],{"class":346},[49,9847,9848],{"class":350},"Paris",[49,9850,2734],{"class":346},[49,9852,71],{"class":63},[49,9854,9855],{"class":8607}," country",[49,9857,60],{"class":59},[49,9859,2734],{"class":346},[49,9861,9862],{"class":350},"France",[49,9864,2734],{"class":346},[49,9866,272],{"class":63},[49,9868,9869,9871,9873,9875],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9870,105],{"class":104},[49,9872,108],{"class":63},[49,9874,8636],{"class":94},[49,9876,272],{"class":63},[20,9878,9879],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[137,9881,9882,9885,9888],{},[140,9883,9884],{},"spaces",[140,9886,9887],{},"hyphens",[140,9889,9890],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9892,9893,9894,9897],{},"For example, this is ",[30,9895,9896],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[40,9899,9901],{"className":42,"code":9900,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9902,9903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9904,9905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9906,9900],{"class":116},[20,9908,9909],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[40,9911,9913],{"className":42,"code":9912,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9914,9915,9958],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9916,9917,9919,9921,9924,9926,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9918,8597],{"class":55},[49,9920,60],{"class":59},[49,9922,9923],{"class":63}," {",[49,9925,2734],{"class":346},[49,9927,9928],{"class":350},"first-name",[49,9930,2734],{"class":346},[49,9932,135],{"class":63},[49,9934,2729],{"class":346},[49,9936,7112],{"class":350},[49,9938,2734],{"class":346},[49,9940,71],{"class":63},[49,9942,2729],{"class":346},[49,9944,9945],{"class":350},"first name",[49,9947,2734],{"class":346},[49,9949,135],{"class":63},[49,9951,2729],{"class":346},[49,9953,7112],{"class":350},[49,9955,2734],{"class":346},[49,9957,8741],{"class":63},[49,9959,9960,9962,9964,9966],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,9961,105],{"class":104},[49,9963,108],{"class":63},[49,9965,8636],{"class":94},[49,9967,272],{"class":63},[20,9969,9970],{},[30,9971,275],{},[40,9973,9975],{"className":42,"code":9974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9976,9977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9978,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9980,8710],{"class":63},[49,9982,2734],{"class":346},[49,9984,9928],{"class":350},[49,9986,2734],{"class":346},[49,9988,135],{"class":63},[49,9990,2729],{"class":346},[49,9992,7112],{"class":350},[49,9994,2734],{"class":346},[49,9996,71],{"class":63},[49,9998,2729],{"class":346},[49,10000,9945],{"class":350},[49,10002,2734],{"class":346},[49,10004,135],{"class":63},[49,10006,2729],{"class":346},[49,10008,7112],{"class":350},[49,10010,2734],{"class":346},[49,10012,8741],{"class":63},[35,10014,10016,10018,10019],{"id":10015},"dict-vs",[15,10017,8551],{}," vs ",[15,10020,3221],{},[20,10022,615,10023,618,10025,10027],{},[15,10024,8551],{},[15,10026,3221],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[528,10029,120,10031,10033],{"id":10030},"use-when",[15,10032,3221],{}," when:",[137,10035,10036,10039],{},[140,10037,10038],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[140,10040,10041],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[40,10043,10044],{"className":42,"code":9259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10045,10046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10047,10048,10050,10052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10049,8597],{"class":55},[49,10051,60],{"class":59},[49,10053,9270],{"class":63},[528,10055,120,10057,10033],{"id":10056},"use-dict-when",[15,10058,8551],{},[137,10060,10061,10064,10067],{},[140,10062,10063],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[140,10065,10066],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[140,10068,10069],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[40,10071,10073],{"className":42,"code":10072,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10074,10075,10112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10076,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10078,8597],{"class":55},[49,10080,60],{"class":59},[49,10082,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10084,9090],{"class":63},[49,10086,2734],{"class":346},[49,10088,308],{"class":350},[49,10090,2734],{"class":346},[49,10092,71],{"class":63},[49,10094,4930],{"class":67},[49,10096,8665],{"class":63},[49,10098,8668],{"class":63},[49,10100,2734],{"class":346},[49,10102,360],{"class":350},[49,10104,2734],{"class":346},[49,10106,71],{"class":63},[49,10108,74],{"class":67},[49,10110,10111],{"class":63},")])\n",[49,10113,10114,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10115,10116],{"class":55},"info ",[49,10118,60],{"class":59},[49,10120,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10122,108],{"class":63},[49,10124,7103],{"class":8607},[49,10126,60],{"class":59},[49,10128,2734],{"class":346},[49,10130,4434],{"class":350},[49,10132,2734],{"class":346},[49,10134,71],{"class":63},[49,10136,8620],{"class":8607},[49,10138,60],{"class":59},[49,10140,8625],{"class":67},[49,10142,272],{"class":63},[20,10144,10145],{},"So:",[137,10147,10148,10153],{},[140,10149,10150,10152],{},[15,10151,3221],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[140,10154,10155,10157],{},[15,10156,8551],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10159,10160,10161,10165,10166,91],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[308,10162,10164],{"href":10163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[308,10167,10169,10170,736],{"href":10168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10171,10172],{},"get()",[35,10174,10176],{"id":10175},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10178,10179,10180,91],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10181,8551],{},[528,10183,10185],{"id":10184},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10187,3956],{},[40,10189,10191],{"className":42,"code":10190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10192,10193,10217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10194,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10196,56],{"class":55},[49,10198,60],{"class":59},[49,10200,64],{"class":63},[49,10202,2734],{"class":346},[49,10204,308],{"class":350},[49,10206,2734],{"class":346},[49,10208,71],{"class":63},[49,10210,2729],{"class":346},[49,10212,360],{"class":350},[49,10214,2734],{"class":346},[49,10216,82],{"class":63},[49,10218,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10220,8597],{"class":55},[49,10222,60],{"class":59},[49,10224,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10226,108],{"class":63},[49,10228,88],{"class":94},[49,10230,272],{"class":63},[20,10232,10233,10234,91],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10235,10236],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10238,956],{},[40,10240,10242],{"className":42,"code":10241,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10243,10244,10278,10292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10245,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10247,56],{"class":55},[49,10249,60],{"class":59},[49,10251,8652],{"class":63},[49,10253,2734],{"class":346},[49,10255,308],{"class":350},[49,10257,2734],{"class":346},[49,10259,71],{"class":63},[49,10261,4930],{"class":67},[49,10263,8665],{"class":63},[49,10265,8668],{"class":63},[49,10267,2734],{"class":346},[49,10269,360],{"class":350},[49,10271,2734],{"class":346},[49,10273,71],{"class":63},[49,10275,74],{"class":67},[49,10277,8681],{"class":63},[49,10279,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10281,8597],{"class":55},[49,10283,60],{"class":59},[49,10285,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10287,108],{"class":63},[49,10289,88],{"class":94},[49,10291,272],{"class":63},[49,10293,10294,10296,10298,10300],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,10295,105],{"class":104},[49,10297,108],{"class":63},[49,10299,8636],{"class":94},[49,10301,272],{"class":63},[528,10303,10305],{"id":10304},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10307,10308],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[40,10310,10312],{"className":42,"code":10311,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10313,10314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10315,10316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10317,10311],{"class":116},[20,10319,10320,10321,135],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10322,60],{},[40,10324,10326],{"className":42,"code":10325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10327,10328,10350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10329,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10331,8597],{"class":55},[49,10333,60],{"class":59},[49,10335,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10337,108],{"class":63},[49,10339,7103],{"class":8607},[49,10341,60],{"class":59},[49,10343,2734],{"class":346},[49,10345,4434],{"class":350},[49,10347,2734],{"class":346},[49,10349,272],{"class":63},[49,10351,10352,10354,10356,10358],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10353,105],{"class":104},[49,10355,108],{"class":63},[49,10357,8636],{"class":94},[49,10359,272],{"class":63},[528,10361,10363],{"id":10362},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10365,10366],{},"This will not work:",[40,10368,10369],{"className":42,"code":9900,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10370,10371],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10372,10373],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10374,9900],{"class":116},[20,10376,10377],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[40,10379,10381],{"className":42,"code":10380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10382,10383,10407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10384,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10386,8597],{"class":55},[49,10388,60],{"class":59},[49,10390,9923],{"class":63},[49,10392,2734],{"class":346},[49,10394,9928],{"class":350},[49,10396,2734],{"class":346},[49,10398,135],{"class":63},[49,10400,2729],{"class":346},[49,10402,7112],{"class":350},[49,10404,2734],{"class":346},[49,10406,8741],{"class":63},[49,10408,10409,10411,10413,10415],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10410,105],{"class":104},[49,10412,108],{"class":63},[49,10414,8636],{"class":94},[49,10416,272],{"class":63},[528,10418,10420],{"id":10419},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10422,10423],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[40,10425,10427],{"className":42,"code":10426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10428,10429,10465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10430,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10432,8597],{"class":55},[49,10434,60],{"class":59},[49,10436,8602],{"class":1174},[49,10438,9090],{"class":63},[49,10440,2734],{"class":346},[49,10442,1606],{"class":350},[49,10444,2734],{"class":346},[49,10446,71],{"class":63},[49,10448,4930],{"class":67},[49,10450,8665],{"class":63},[49,10452,8668],{"class":63},[49,10454,2734],{"class":346},[49,10456,1606],{"class":350},[49,10458,2734],{"class":346},[49,10460,71],{"class":63},[49,10462,74],{"class":67},[49,10464,10111],{"class":63},[49,10466,10467,10469,10471,10473],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10468,105],{"class":104},[49,10470,108],{"class":63},[49,10472,8636],{"class":94},[49,10474,272],{"class":63},[20,10476,10477],{},[30,10478,275],{},[40,10480,10482],{"className":42,"code":10481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10483,10484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10485,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10487,8710],{"class":63},[49,10489,2734],{"class":346},[49,10491,1606],{"class":350},[49,10493,2734],{"class":346},[49,10495,135],{"class":63},[49,10497,74],{"class":67},[49,10499,8741],{"class":63},[20,10501,10502,10503,91],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[308,10504,10506],{"href":10505},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[35,10508,2261],{"id":2260},[20,10510,10511,10512,10514],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10513,8551],{}," include:",[137,10516,10517,10526,10532,10535],{},[140,10518,10519,10520,871,10523],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10521,10522],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10524,10525],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[140,10527,10528,10529],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10530,10531],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[140,10533,10534],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[140,10536,10537,10538,10540],{},"confusing ",[15,10539,8551],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10542,10543],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,10545,10547],{"className":42,"code":10546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10548,10549,10563,10573,10584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10550,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10552,105],{"class":104},[49,10554,108],{"class":63},[49,10556,1175],{"class":1174},[49,10558,108],{"class":63},[49,10560,8636],{"class":94},[49,10562,1182],{"class":63},[49,10564,10565,10567,10569,10571],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10566,105],{"class":104},[49,10568,108],{"class":63},[49,10570,8636],{"class":94},[49,10572,272],{"class":63},[49,10574,10575,10577,10579,10582],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,10576,105],{"class":104},[49,10578,108],{"class":63},[49,10580,10581],{"class":94},"list_of_pairs",[49,10583,272],{"class":63},[49,10585,10586,10588,10590,10593,10595,10597],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,10587,105],{"class":104},[49,10589,108],{"class":63},[49,10591,10592],{"class":104},"len",[49,10594,108],{"class":63},[49,10596,10581],{"class":94},[49,10598,1182],{"class":63},[20,10600,10601],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[137,10603,10604,10607,10610],{},[140,10605,10606],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[140,10608,10609],{},"what data is being passed in",[140,10611,10612],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[35,10614,1253],{"id":1252},[528,10616,1279,10618,618,10620,1284],{"id":10617},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10619,8551],{},[15,10621,3221],{},[20,10623,10624,10626,10627,10629],{},[15,10625,3221],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10628,8551],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[528,10631,4601,10633,10635],{"id":10632},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10634,8551],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10637,10638,10639,91],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10640,10525],{},[528,10642,4589,10644,10647],{"id":10643},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10645,10646],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10649,10650],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[528,10652,10654,10655,10657],{"id":10653},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10656,8551],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10659,10660,10661,10664],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10662,10663],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[35,10666,1309],{"id":1308},[137,10668,10669,10674,10678,10683,10689],{},[140,10670,10671],{},[308,10672,10673],{"href":8823},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[140,10675,10676],{},[308,10677,8587],{"href":8586},[140,10679,10680],{},[308,10681,10682],{"href":10163},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[140,10684,10685],{},[308,10686,10169,10687,736],{"href":10168},[15,10688,10172],{},[140,10690,10691],{},[308,10692,10693],{"href":10505},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1352,10695,10696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":10698},[10699,10701,10707,10708,10709,10710,10717,10723,10724,10734],{"id":8777,"depth":85,"text":10700},"What dict() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":10702},[10703,10704,10705,10706],{"id":8834,"depth":101,"text":8835},{"id":8876,"depth":101,"text":8877},{"id":8980,"depth":101,"text":8981},{"id":9070,"depth":101,"text":9071},{"id":9182,"depth":85,"text":8835},{"id":9286,"depth":85,"text":9287},{"id":9709,"depth":85,"text":9710},{"id":10015,"depth":85,"text":10711,"children":10712},"dict() vs {}",[10713,10715],{"id":10030,"depth":101,"text":10714},"Use {} when:",{"id":10056,"depth":101,"text":10716},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10175,"depth":85,"text":10176,"children":10718},[10719,10720,10721,10722],{"id":10184,"depth":101,"text":10185},{"id":10304,"depth":101,"text":10305},{"id":10362,"depth":101,"text":10363},{"id":10419,"depth":101,"text":10420},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":10725},[10726,10728,10730,10732],{"id":10617,"depth":101,"text":10727},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10632,"depth":101,"text":10729},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10643,"depth":101,"text":10731},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10653,"depth":101,"text":10733},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8543,"description":10735},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10742,"title":10743,"body":10744,"description":12240,"extension":1392,"meta":12241,"navigation":243,"path":12242,"seo":12243,"stem":12244,"__hash__":12245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10745,"toc":12210},[10746,10752,10758,10764,10766,10826,10831,10836,10841,10859,10862,10866,10868,10884,10886,10899,10901,10903,11037,11039,11106,11108,11124,11130,11136,11139,11221,11223,11237,11241,11247,11312,11314,11322,11325,11347,11353,11416,11422,11425,11439,11452,11456,11467,11472,11483,11490,11494,11500,11622,11624,11650,11653,11670,11673,11784,11786,11835,11837,11850,11859,11863,11868,11879,11881,11984,12007,12009,12013,12032,12035,12092,12095,12121,12123,12129,12132,12138,12142,12149,12157,12163,12166,12168,12207],[10,10747,10749,10750,18],{"id":10748},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10751,17],{},[20,10753,10754,10757],{},[15,10755,10756],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10759,10760,10761,10763],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,10762,32],{},", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[35,10765,1434],{"id":1433},[40,10767,10769],{"className":42,"code":10768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10770,10771,10803,10813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10772,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10774,8597],{"class":55},[49,10776,60],{"class":59},[49,10778,9923],{"class":63},[49,10780,347],{"class":346},[49,10782,308],{"class":350},[49,10784,347],{"class":346},[49,10786,135],{"class":63},[49,10788,4930],{"class":67},[49,10790,71],{"class":63},[49,10792,357],{"class":346},[49,10794,360],{"class":350},[49,10796,347],{"class":346},[49,10798,135],{"class":63},[49,10800,74],{"class":67},[49,10802,8741],{"class":63},[49,10804,10805,10807,10809,10811],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10806,8636],{"class":55},[49,10808,91],{"class":63},[49,10810,95],{"class":94},[49,10812,98],{"class":63},[49,10814,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,10816,105],{"class":104},[49,10818,108],{"class":63},[49,10820,8636],{"class":94},[49,10822,113],{"class":63},[49,10824,10825],{"class":116},"  # {}\n",[20,10827,10828,10830],{},[15,10829,17],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[35,10832,127,10834,130],{"id":10833},"what-clear-does",[15,10835,17],{},[20,10837,1409,10838,10840],{},[15,10839,17],{}," method:",[137,10842,10843,10846,10849,10854],{},[140,10844,10845],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[140,10847,10848],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[140,10850,10851,10852],{},"Returns ",[15,10853,323],{},[140,10855,10856,10857],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10858,3221],{},[20,10860,10861],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10863,8583,10864,91],{},[308,10865,8587],{"href":8586},[35,10867,164],{"id":163},[40,10869,10871],{"className":42,"code":10870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10872,10873],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10874,10875,10878,10880,10882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10876,10877],{"class":55},"my_dict",[49,10879,91],{"class":63},[49,10881,95],{"class":94},[49,10883,98],{"class":63},[20,10885,186],{},[137,10887,10888,10893,10896],{},[140,10889,10890,10892],{},[15,10891,17],{}," takes no arguments",[140,10894,10895],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[140,10897,10898],{},"It empties that dictionary",[35,10900,201],{"id":200},[20,10902,204],{},[40,10904,10906],{"className":42,"code":10905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10907,10908,10918,10939,10953,10970,10974,10978,10998,11002,11013,11017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10909,10910,10913,10915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10911,10912],{"class":55},"user ",[49,10914,60],{"class":59},[49,10916,10917],{"class":63}," {\n",[49,10919,10920,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10934,10936],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,10921,10922],{"class":346},"    \"",[49,10924,7103],{"class":350},[49,10926,347],{"class":346},[49,10928,135],{"class":63},[49,10930,357],{"class":346},[49,10932,10933],{"class":350},"Maya",[49,10935,347],{"class":346},[49,10937,10938],{"class":63},",\n",[49,10940,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,10942,10922],{"class":346},[49,10944,8731],{"class":350},[49,10946,347],{"class":346},[49,10948,135],{"class":63},[49,10950,8738],{"class":67},[49,10952,10938],{"class":63},[49,10954,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10968],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,10956,10922],{"class":346},[49,10958,9841],{"class":350},[49,10960,347],{"class":346},[49,10962,135],{"class":63},[49,10964,357],{"class":346},[49,10966,10967],{"class":350},"Berlin",[49,10969,1124],{"class":346},[49,10971,10972],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,10973,8741],{"class":63},[49,10975,10976],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,10977,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,10979,10980,10982,10984,10986,10989,10991,10993,10996],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,10981,105],{"class":104},[49,10983,108],{"class":63},[49,10985,347],{"class":346},[49,10987,10988],{"class":350},"Before:",[49,10990,347],{"class":346},[49,10992,71],{"class":63},[49,10994,10995],{"class":94}," user",[49,10997,272],{"class":63},[49,10999,11000],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,11001,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11003,11004,11007,11009,11011],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,11005,11006],{"class":55},"user",[49,11008,91],{"class":63},[49,11010,95],{"class":94},[49,11012,98],{"class":63},[49,11014,11015],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,11016,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11029,11031,11033,11035],{"class":51,"line":11019},11,[49,11021,105],{"class":104},[49,11023,108],{"class":63},[49,11025,347],{"class":346},[49,11027,11028],{"class":350},"After:",[49,11030,347],{"class":346},[49,11032,71],{"class":63},[49,11034,10995],{"class":94},[49,11036,272],{"class":63},[20,11038,4992],{},[40,11040,11042],{"className":42,"code":11041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11043,11044,11097],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11045,11046,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11047,11048],{"class":55},"Before",[49,11050,135],{"class":63},[49,11052,9923],{"class":63},[49,11054,2734],{"class":346},[49,11056,7103],{"class":350},[49,11058,2734],{"class":346},[49,11060,135],{"class":63},[49,11062,2729],{"class":346},[49,11064,10933],{"class":350},[49,11066,2734],{"class":346},[49,11068,71],{"class":63},[49,11070,2729],{"class":346},[49,11072,8731],{"class":350},[49,11074,2734],{"class":346},[49,11076,135],{"class":63},[49,11078,8738],{"class":67},[49,11080,71],{"class":63},[49,11082,2729],{"class":346},[49,11084,9841],{"class":350},[49,11086,2734],{"class":346},[49,11088,135],{"class":63},[49,11090,2729],{"class":346},[49,11092,10967],{"class":350},[49,11094,2734],{"class":346},[49,11096,8741],{"class":63},[49,11098,11099,11102,11104],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11100,11101],{"class":55},"After",[49,11103,135],{"class":63},[49,11105,9270],{"class":63},[20,11107,287],{},[137,11109,11110,11115,11121],{},[140,11111,11112,11114],{},[15,11113,11006],{}," starts with three items",[140,11116,11117,11120],{},[15,11118,11119],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[140,11122,11123],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[35,11125,127,11127,11129],{"id":11126},"what-clear-returns",[15,11128,17],{}," returns",[20,11131,11132,320,11134,91],{},[15,11133,17],{},[15,11135,323],{},[20,11137,11138],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,11140,11142],{"className":42,"code":11141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11143,11144,11178,11182,11197,11201,11211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11145,11146,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167,11170,11172,11174,11176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11147,11148],{"class":55},"my_dict ",[49,11150,60],{"class":59},[49,11152,9923],{"class":63},[49,11154,347],{"class":346},[49,11156,1606],{"class":350},[49,11158,347],{"class":346},[49,11160,135],{"class":63},[49,11162,4930],{"class":67},[49,11164,71],{"class":63},[49,11166,357],{"class":346},[49,11168,11169],{"class":350},"y",[49,11171,347],{"class":346},[49,11173,135],{"class":63},[49,11175,74],{"class":67},[49,11177,8741],{"class":63},[49,11179,11180],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11181,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11183,11184,11186,11188,11191,11193,11195],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11185,382],{"class":55},[49,11187,60],{"class":59},[49,11189,11190],{"class":55}," my_dict",[49,11192,91],{"class":63},[49,11194,95],{"class":94},[49,11196,98],{"class":63},[49,11198,11199],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11200,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11202,11203,11205,11207,11209],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,11204,105],{"class":104},[49,11206,108],{"class":63},[49,11208,420],{"class":94},[49,11210,272],{"class":63},[49,11212,11213,11215,11217,11219],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,11214,105],{"class":104},[49,11216,108],{"class":63},[49,11218,10877],{"class":94},[49,11220,272],{"class":63},[20,11222,275],{},[40,11224,11226],{"className":42,"code":11225,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{}\n",[15,11227,11228,11233],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11229,11230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11231,11232],{"class":3281},"None\n",[49,11234,11235],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11236,8867],{"class":63},[528,11238,11240],{"id":11239},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11242,11243,11244,11246],{},"Do ",[30,11245,329],{}," do this:",[40,11248,11250],{"className":42,"code":11249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11251,11252,11284,11298,11302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11253,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11255,11148],{"class":55},[49,11257,60],{"class":59},[49,11259,9923],{"class":63},[49,11261,347],{"class":346},[49,11263,1606],{"class":350},[49,11265,347],{"class":346},[49,11267,135],{"class":63},[49,11269,4930],{"class":67},[49,11271,71],{"class":63},[49,11273,357],{"class":346},[49,11275,11169],{"class":350},[49,11277,347],{"class":346},[49,11279,135],{"class":63},[49,11281,74],{"class":67},[49,11283,8741],{"class":63},[49,11285,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11287,11148],{"class":55},[49,11289,60],{"class":59},[49,11291,11190],{"class":55},[49,11293,91],{"class":63},[49,11295,95],{"class":94},[49,11297,98],{"class":63},[49,11299,11300],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11301,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11303,11304,11306,11308,11310],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11305,105],{"class":104},[49,11307,108],{"class":63},[49,11309,10877],{"class":94},[49,11311,272],{"class":63},[20,11313,275],{},[40,11315,11316],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,11317,11318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11319,11320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11321,11232],{"class":3281},[20,11323,11324],{},"Why this happens:",[137,11326,11327,11333,11338],{},[140,11328,11329,11332],{},[15,11330,11331],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[140,11334,11335,11336],{},"The method returns ",[15,11337,323],{},[140,11339,480,11340,11343,11344,11346],{},[15,11341,11342],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11345,323],{}," in the variable",[20,11348,11349,11350,11352],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11351,17],{}," by itself:",[40,11354,11356],{"className":42,"code":11355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11357,11358,11390,11400,11404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11359,11360,11362,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11361,11148],{"class":55},[49,11363,60],{"class":59},[49,11365,9923],{"class":63},[49,11367,347],{"class":346},[49,11369,1606],{"class":350},[49,11371,347],{"class":346},[49,11373,135],{"class":63},[49,11375,4930],{"class":67},[49,11377,71],{"class":63},[49,11379,357],{"class":346},[49,11381,11169],{"class":350},[49,11383,347],{"class":346},[49,11385,135],{"class":63},[49,11387,74],{"class":67},[49,11389,8741],{"class":63},[49,11391,11392,11394,11396,11398],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11393,10877],{"class":55},[49,11395,91],{"class":63},[49,11397,95],{"class":94},[49,11399,98],{"class":63},[49,11401,11402],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11403,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11405,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11407,105],{"class":104},[49,11409,108],{"class":63},[49,11411,10877],{"class":94},[49,11413,113],{"class":63},[49,11415,10825],{"class":116},[35,11417,11419,11421],{"id":11418},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11420,17],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11423,11424],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[40,11426,11427],{"className":42,"code":10870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,11428,11429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11430,11431,11433,11435,11437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11432,10877],{"class":55},[49,11434,91],{"class":63},[49,11436,95],{"class":94},[49,11438,98],{"class":63},[40,11440,11442],{"className":42,"code":11441,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11443,11444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11445,11446,11448,11450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11447,11148],{"class":55},[49,11449,60],{"class":59},[49,11451,9270],{"class":63},[528,11453,11454],{"id":95},[15,11455,17],{},[137,11457,11458,11461,11464],{},[140,11459,11460],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[140,11462,11463],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[140,11465,11466],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[528,11468,11469],{"id":10877},[15,11470,11471],{},"my_dict = {}",[137,11473,11474,11477,11480],{},[140,11475,11476],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[140,11478,11479],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[140,11481,11482],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11484,11485,11486,91],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[308,11487,11489],{"href":11488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[35,11491,11493],{"id":11492},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11495,11496,11497,11499],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11498,17],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[40,11501,11503],{"className":42,"code":11502,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11504,11505,11538,11548,11552,11563,11567,11587,11607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11506,11507,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11508,11509],{"class":55},"original ",[49,11511,60],{"class":59},[49,11513,9923],{"class":63},[49,11515,347],{"class":346},[49,11517,308],{"class":350},[49,11519,347],{"class":346},[49,11521,135],{"class":63},[49,11523,4930],{"class":67},[49,11525,71],{"class":63},[49,11527,357],{"class":346},[49,11529,360],{"class":350},[49,11531,347],{"class":346},[49,11533,135],{"class":63},[49,11535,74],{"class":67},[49,11537,8741],{"class":63},[49,11539,11540,11543,11545],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11541,11542],{"class":55},"other_ref ",[49,11544,60],{"class":59},[49,11546,11547],{"class":55}," original\n",[49,11549,11550],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11551,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11553,11554,11557,11559,11561],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11555,11556],{"class":55},"original",[49,11558,91],{"class":63},[49,11560,95],{"class":94},[49,11562,98],{"class":63},[49,11564,11565],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,11566,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11568,11569,11571,11573,11575,11578,11580,11582,11585],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,11570,105],{"class":104},[49,11572,108],{"class":63},[49,11574,347],{"class":346},[49,11576,11577],{"class":350},"original:",[49,11579,347],{"class":346},[49,11581,71],{"class":63},[49,11583,11584],{"class":94}," original",[49,11586,272],{"class":63},[49,11588,11589,11591,11593,11595,11598,11600,11602,11605],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,11590,105],{"class":104},[49,11592,108],{"class":63},[49,11594,347],{"class":346},[49,11596,11597],{"class":350},"other_ref:",[49,11599,347],{"class":346},[49,11601,71],{"class":63},[49,11603,11604],{"class":94}," other_ref",[49,11606,272],{"class":63},[49,11608,11609,11611,11613,11615,11618,11620],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,11610,105],{"class":104},[49,11612,108],{"class":63},[49,11614,11509],{"class":94},[49,11616,11617],{"class":3306},"is",[49,11619,11604],{"class":94},[49,11621,272],{"class":63},[20,11623,275],{},[40,11625,11627],{"className":42,"code":11626,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11628,11629,11637,11646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11630,11631,11633,11635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11632,11556],{"class":55},[49,11634,135],{"class":63},[49,11636,9270],{"class":63},[49,11638,11639,11642,11644],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11640,11641],{"class":55},"other_ref",[49,11643,135],{"class":63},[49,11645,9270],{"class":63},[49,11647,11648],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11649,3410],{"class":3281},[20,11651,11652],{},"This shows:",[137,11654,11655,11662,11667],{},[140,11656,11657,618,11659,11661],{},[15,11658,11556],{},[15,11660,11641],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[140,11663,11664,11666],{},[15,11665,17],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[140,11668,11669],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11671,11672],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[40,11674,11676],{"className":42,"code":11675,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11677,11678,11710,11718,11722,11730,11734,11752,11770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11679,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11681,11509],{"class":55},[49,11683,60],{"class":59},[49,11685,9923],{"class":63},[49,11687,347],{"class":346},[49,11689,308],{"class":350},[49,11691,347],{"class":346},[49,11693,135],{"class":63},[49,11695,4930],{"class":67},[49,11697,71],{"class":63},[49,11699,357],{"class":346},[49,11701,360],{"class":350},[49,11703,347],{"class":346},[49,11705,135],{"class":63},[49,11707,74],{"class":67},[49,11709,8741],{"class":63},[49,11711,11712,11714,11716],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11713,11542],{"class":55},[49,11715,60],{"class":59},[49,11717,11547],{"class":55},[49,11719,11720],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11721,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11723,11724,11726,11728],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11725,11509],{"class":55},[49,11727,60],{"class":59},[49,11729,9270],{"class":63},[49,11731,11732],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,11733,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11735,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,11737,105],{"class":104},[49,11739,108],{"class":63},[49,11741,347],{"class":346},[49,11743,11577],{"class":350},[49,11745,347],{"class":346},[49,11747,71],{"class":63},[49,11749,11584],{"class":94},[49,11751,272],{"class":63},[49,11753,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,11755,105],{"class":104},[49,11757,108],{"class":63},[49,11759,347],{"class":346},[49,11761,11597],{"class":350},[49,11763,347],{"class":346},[49,11765,71],{"class":63},[49,11767,11604],{"class":94},[49,11769,272],{"class":63},[49,11771,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,11773,105],{"class":104},[49,11775,108],{"class":63},[49,11777,11509],{"class":94},[49,11779,11617],{"class":3306},[49,11781,11604],{"class":94},[49,11783,272],{"class":63},[20,11785,275],{},[40,11787,11789],{"className":42,"code":11788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11790,11791,11799,11831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11792,11793,11795,11797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11794,11556],{"class":55},[49,11796,135],{"class":63},[49,11798,9270],{"class":63},[49,11800,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11802,11641],{"class":55},[49,11804,135],{"class":63},[49,11806,9923],{"class":63},[49,11808,2734],{"class":346},[49,11810,308],{"class":350},[49,11812,2734],{"class":346},[49,11814,135],{"class":63},[49,11816,4930],{"class":67},[49,11818,71],{"class":63},[49,11820,2729],{"class":346},[49,11822,360],{"class":350},[49,11824,2734],{"class":346},[49,11826,135],{"class":63},[49,11828,74],{"class":67},[49,11830,8741],{"class":63},[49,11832,11833],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11834,3471],{"class":3281},[20,11836,1611],{},[137,11838,11839,11845],{},[140,11840,11841,11844],{},[15,11842,11843],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[140,11846,11847,11849],{},[15,11848,11641],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11851,11852,11853,91],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[308,11854,11856],{"href":11855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11857,11858],{},"dict.copy()",[35,11860,740,11861],{"id":739},[15,11862,17],{},[20,11864,11865,11867],{},[15,11866,17],{}," is useful when you want to:",[137,11869,11870,11873,11876],{},[140,11871,11872],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[140,11874,11875],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[140,11877,11878],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11880,761],{},[40,11882,11884],{"className":42,"code":11883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11885,11886,11895,11911,11931,11944,11948,11952,11957,11968,11972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11887,11888,11891,11893],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11889,11890],{"class":55},"session_data ",[49,11892,60],{"class":59},[49,11894,10917],{"class":63},[49,11896,11897,11899,11902,11904,11906,11909],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,11898,10922],{"class":346},[49,11900,11901],{"class":350},"user_id",[49,11903,347],{"class":346},[49,11905,135],{"class":63},[49,11907,11908],{"class":67}," 101",[49,11910,10938],{"class":63},[49,11912,11913,11915,11918,11920,11922,11924,11927,11929],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,11914,10922],{"class":346},[49,11916,11917],{"class":350},"theme",[49,11919,347],{"class":346},[49,11921,135],{"class":63},[49,11923,357],{"class":346},[49,11925,11926],{"class":350},"dark",[49,11928,347],{"class":346},[49,11930,10938],{"class":63},[49,11932,11933,11935,11938,11940,11942],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,11934,10922],{"class":346},[49,11936,11937],{"class":350},"logged_in",[49,11939,347],{"class":346},[49,11941,135],{"class":63},[49,11943,5855],{"class":3281},[49,11945,11946],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,11947,8741],{"class":63},[49,11949,11950],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,11951,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11953,11954],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,11955,11956],{"class":116},"# Reset for a new session\n",[49,11958,11959,11962,11964,11966],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,11960,11961],{"class":55},"session_data",[49,11963,91],{"class":63},[49,11965,95],{"class":94},[49,11967,98],{"class":63},[49,11969,11970],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,11971,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,11973,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,11975,105],{"class":104},[49,11977,108],{"class":63},[49,11979,11961],{"class":94},[49,11981,113],{"class":63},[49,11983,10825],{"class":116},[20,11985,11986,11987,11993,11994,91,11998,12000,12001,91],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[308,11988,11990],{"href":11989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,11991,11992],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[308,11995,11997],{"href":11996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9278,11999],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[308,12002,12004],{"href":12003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12005,12006],{},"dict.popitem()",[35,12008,2261],{"id":2260},[20,12010,10179,12011,135],{},[15,12012,17],{},[137,12014,12015,12021,12026,12029],{},[140,12016,12017,12018,12020],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12019,17],{}," to a variable",[140,12022,1011,12023,12025],{},[15,12024,17],{}," to return a new dictionary",[140,12027,12028],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[140,12030,12031],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12033,12034],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[40,12036,12038],{"className":42,"code":12037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12039,12040,12050,12064,12078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12041,12042,12044,12046,12048],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12043,105],{"class":104},[49,12045,108],{"class":63},[49,12047,10877],{"class":94},[49,12049,272],{"class":63},[49,12051,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060,12062],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12053,105],{"class":104},[49,12055,108],{"class":63},[49,12057,1175],{"class":1174},[49,12059,108],{"class":63},[49,12061,10877],{"class":94},[49,12063,1182],{"class":63},[49,12065,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074,12076],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,12067,105],{"class":104},[49,12069,108],{"class":63},[49,12071,1191],{"class":104},[49,12073,108],{"class":63},[49,12075,10877],{"class":94},[49,12077,1182],{"class":63},[49,12079,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,12081,105],{"class":104},[49,12083,108],{"class":63},[49,12085,11542],{"class":94},[49,12087,11617],{"class":3306},[49,12089,11190],{"class":94},[49,12091,272],{"class":63},[20,12093,12094],{},"What these show:",[137,12096,12097,12103,12109,12115],{},[140,12098,12099,12102],{},[15,12100,12101],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[140,12104,12105,12108],{},[15,12106,12107],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[140,12110,12111,12114],{},[15,12112,12113],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[140,12116,12117,12120],{},[15,12118,12119],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[35,12122,1253],{"id":1252},[528,12124,1257,12126,12128],{"id":12125},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12127,17],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12130,12131],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[528,12133,4573,12135,12137],{"id":12134},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12136,10756],{}," return?",[20,12139,4579,12140,91],{},[15,12141,323],{},[528,12143,1279,12145,618,12147,1284],{"id":12144},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12146,17],{},[15,12148,3221],{},[20,12150,12151,12153,12154,12156],{},[15,12152,17],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12155,3221],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[528,12158,1257,12160,12162],{"id":12159},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12161,17],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12164,12165],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[35,12167,1309],{"id":1308},[137,12169,12170,12174,12178,12184,12191,12197,12202],{},[140,12171,12172],{},[308,12173,8587],{"href":8586},[140,12175,12176],{},[308,12177,10673],{"href":8823},[140,12179,12180],{},[308,12181,10169,12182,736],{"href":11989},[15,12183,1328],{},[140,12185,12186],{},[308,12187,10169,12188,736],{"href":12003},[15,12189,12190],{},"popitem()",[140,12192,12193],{},[308,12194,10169,12195,736],{"href":11855},[15,12196,735],{},[140,12198,12199],{},[308,12200,12201],{"href":11488},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[140,12203,12204],{},[308,12205,12206],{"href":11996},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1352,12208,12209],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":12211},[12212,12213,12215,12216,12217,12221,12226,12227,12228,12229,12239],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":10833,"depth":85,"text":12214},"What clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":11126,"depth":85,"text":12218,"children":12219},"What clear() returns",[12220],{"id":11239,"depth":101,"text":11240},{"id":11418,"depth":85,"text":12222,"children":12223},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12224,12225],{"id":95,"depth":101,"text":17},{"id":10877,"depth":101,"text":11471},{"id":11492,"depth":85,"text":11493},{"id":739,"depth":85,"text":1371},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":12230},[12231,12233,12235,12237],{"id":12125,"depth":101,"text":12232},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12134,"depth":101,"text":12234},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12144,"depth":101,"text":12236},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12159,"depth":101,"text":12238},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10743,"description":12240},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12247,"title":12248,"body":12249,"description":14418,"extension":1392,"meta":14419,"navigation":243,"path":14420,"seo":14421,"stem":14422,"__hash__":14423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12250,"toc":14390},[12251,12256,12261,12271,12273,12362,12366,12407,12412,12419,12437,12446,12448,12469,12472,12484,12486,12565,12569,12610,12612,12615,12743,12747,12827,12830,12848,12851,12855,12861,12863,12874,12876,13071,13075,13181,13184,13202,13205,13212,13217,13221,13235,13237,13364,13368,13448,13461,13467,13470,13478,13482,13608,13612,13686,13691,13822,13826,13900,13903,13917,13921,13925,13939,13941,14077,14081,14150,14152,14157,14179,14182,14289,14292,14303,14310,14312,14318,14321,14328,14331,14338,14346,14350,14353,14355,14387],[10,12252,10749,12254,18],{"id":12253},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12255,735],{},[20,12257,12258,12260],{},[15,12259,11858],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12262,12263,12264,12266,12267,12270],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12265,735],{}," makes a ",[30,12268,12269],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[35,12272,1434],{"id":1433},[40,12274,12276],{"className":42,"code":12275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12277,12278,12316,12333,12337,12348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12279,12280,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12300,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12281,12282],{"class":55},"student ",[49,12284,60],{"class":59},[49,12286,9923],{"class":63},[49,12288,347],{"class":346},[49,12290,7103],{"class":350},[49,12292,347],{"class":346},[49,12294,135],{"class":63},[49,12296,357],{"class":346},[49,12298,12299],{"class":350},"Ana",[49,12301,347],{"class":346},[49,12303,71],{"class":63},[49,12305,357],{"class":346},[49,12307,8731],{"class":350},[49,12309,347],{"class":346},[49,12311,135],{"class":63},[49,12313,226],{"class":67},[49,12315,8741],{"class":63},[49,12317,12318,12321,12323,12326,12328,12331],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12319,12320],{"class":55},"student_copy ",[49,12322,60],{"class":59},[49,12324,12325],{"class":55}," student",[49,12327,91],{"class":63},[49,12329,12330],{"class":94},"copy",[49,12332,98],{"class":63},[49,12334,12335],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,12336,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12338,12339,12341,12343,12346],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,12340,105],{"class":104},[49,12342,108],{"class":63},[49,12344,12345],{"class":94},"student_copy",[49,12347,272],{"class":63},[49,12349,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,12351,105],{"class":104},[49,12353,108],{"class":63},[49,12355,12320],{"class":94},[49,12357,11617],{"class":3306},[49,12359,12325],{"class":94},[49,12361,272],{"class":63},[20,12363,12364],{},[30,12365,275],{},[40,12367,12369],{"className":42,"code":12368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12370,12371,12403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12372,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12374,8710],{"class":63},[49,12376,2734],{"class":346},[49,12378,7103],{"class":350},[49,12380,2734],{"class":346},[49,12382,135],{"class":63},[49,12384,2729],{"class":346},[49,12386,12299],{"class":350},[49,12388,2734],{"class":346},[49,12390,71],{"class":63},[49,12392,2729],{"class":346},[49,12394,8731],{"class":350},[49,12396,2734],{"class":346},[49,12398,135],{"class":63},[49,12400,226],{"class":67},[49,12402,8741],{"class":63},[49,12404,12405],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12406,3471],{"class":3281},[20,12408,120,12409,12411],{},[15,12410,735],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[35,12413,12415,12416,12418],{"id":12414},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12417,735],{}," method does",[137,12420,12421,12426,12429,12434],{},[140,12422,12423,12425],{},[15,12424,11858],{}," returns a new dictionary",[140,12427,12428],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[140,12430,12431,12432],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12433,735],{},[140,12435,12436],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12438,12439,12440,2310,12443,91],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[308,12441,8587],{"href":12442},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[308,12444,8824],{"href":12445},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[35,12447,164],{"id":163},[40,12449,12451],{"className":42,"code":12450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12452,12453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12454,12455,12458,12460,12463,12465,12467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12456,12457],{"class":55},"new_dict ",[49,12459,60],{"class":59},[49,12461,12462],{"class":55}," old_dict",[49,12464,91],{"class":63},[49,12466,12330],{"class":94},[49,12468,98],{"class":63},[20,12470,12471],{},"Key points:",[137,12473,12474,12478,12481],{},[140,12475,12476,10892],{},[15,12477,735],{},[140,12479,12480],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[140,12482,12483],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12485,761],{},[40,12487,12489],{"className":42,"code":12488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12490,12491,12534,12550,12554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12492,12493,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12513,12515,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12530,12532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12494,12495],{"class":55},"colors ",[49,12497,60],{"class":59},[49,12499,9923],{"class":63},[49,12501,347],{"class":346},[49,12503,308],{"class":350},[49,12505,347],{"class":346},[49,12507,135],{"class":63},[49,12509,357],{"class":346},[49,12511,12512],{"class":350},"red",[49,12514,347],{"class":346},[49,12516,71],{"class":63},[49,12518,357],{"class":346},[49,12520,360],{"class":350},[49,12522,347],{"class":346},[49,12524,135],{"class":63},[49,12526,357],{"class":346},[49,12528,12529],{"class":350},"blue",[49,12531,347],{"class":346},[49,12533,8741],{"class":63},[49,12535,12536,12539,12541,12544,12546,12548],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12537,12538],{"class":55},"new_colors ",[49,12540,60],{"class":59},[49,12542,12543],{"class":55}," colors",[49,12545,91],{"class":63},[49,12547,12330],{"class":94},[49,12549,98],{"class":63},[49,12551,12552],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,12553,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12555,12556,12558,12560,12563],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,12557,105],{"class":104},[49,12559,108],{"class":63},[49,12561,12562],{"class":94},"new_colors",[49,12564,272],{"class":63},[20,12566,12567],{},[30,12568,275],{},[40,12570,12572],{"className":42,"code":12571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12573,12574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12575,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12577,8710],{"class":63},[49,12579,2734],{"class":346},[49,12581,308],{"class":350},[49,12583,2734],{"class":346},[49,12585,135],{"class":63},[49,12587,2729],{"class":346},[49,12589,12512],{"class":350},[49,12591,2734],{"class":346},[49,12593,71],{"class":63},[49,12595,2729],{"class":346},[49,12597,360],{"class":350},[49,12599,2734],{"class":346},[49,12601,135],{"class":63},[49,12603,2729],{"class":346},[49,12605,12529],{"class":350},[49,12607,2734],{"class":346},[49,12609,8741],{"class":63},[35,12611,201],{"id":200},[20,12613,12614],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[40,12616,12618],{"className":42,"code":12617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12619,12620,12658,12674,12678,12700,12704,12723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12621,12622,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12623,12624],{"class":55},"person ",[49,12626,60],{"class":59},[49,12628,9923],{"class":63},[49,12630,347],{"class":346},[49,12632,7103],{"class":350},[49,12634,347],{"class":346},[49,12636,135],{"class":63},[49,12638,357],{"class":346},[49,12640,12641],{"class":350},"Liam",[49,12643,347],{"class":346},[49,12645,71],{"class":63},[49,12647,357],{"class":346},[49,12649,8731],{"class":350},[49,12651,347],{"class":346},[49,12653,135],{"class":63},[49,12655,8738],{"class":67},[49,12657,8741],{"class":63},[49,12659,12660,12663,12665,12668,12670,12672],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12661,12662],{"class":55},"person_copy ",[49,12664,60],{"class":59},[49,12666,12667],{"class":55}," person",[49,12669,91],{"class":63},[49,12671,12330],{"class":94},[49,12673,98],{"class":63},[49,12675,12676],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,12677,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12679,12680,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12694,12697],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,12681,12682],{"class":55},"person_copy",[49,12684,938],{"class":63},[49,12686,347],{"class":346},[49,12688,8731],{"class":350},[49,12690,347],{"class":346},[49,12692,12693],{"class":63},"]",[49,12695,12696],{"class":59}," =",[49,12698,12699],{"class":67}," 26\n",[49,12701,12702],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,12703,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12705,12706,12708,12710,12712,12715,12717,12719,12721],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,12707,105],{"class":104},[49,12709,108],{"class":63},[49,12711,347],{"class":346},[49,12713,12714],{"class":350},"Original:",[49,12716,347],{"class":346},[49,12718,71],{"class":63},[49,12720,12667],{"class":94},[49,12722,272],{"class":63},[49,12724,12725,12727,12729,12731,12734,12736,12738,12741],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,12726,105],{"class":104},[49,12728,108],{"class":63},[49,12730,347],{"class":346},[49,12732,12733],{"class":350},"Copy:",[49,12735,347],{"class":346},[49,12737,71],{"class":63},[49,12739,12740],{"class":94}," person_copy",[49,12742,272],{"class":63},[20,12744,12745],{},[30,12746,275],{},[40,12748,12750],{"className":42,"code":12749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12751,12752,12789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12753,12754,12757,12759,12761,12763,12765,12767,12769,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12755,12756],{"class":55},"Original",[49,12758,135],{"class":63},[49,12760,9923],{"class":63},[49,12762,2734],{"class":346},[49,12764,7103],{"class":350},[49,12766,2734],{"class":346},[49,12768,135],{"class":63},[49,12770,2729],{"class":346},[49,12772,12641],{"class":350},[49,12774,2734],{"class":346},[49,12776,71],{"class":63},[49,12778,2729],{"class":346},[49,12780,8731],{"class":350},[49,12782,2734],{"class":346},[49,12784,135],{"class":63},[49,12786,8738],{"class":67},[49,12788,8741],{"class":63},[49,12790,12791,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808,12810,12812,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12825],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12792,12793],{"class":55},"Copy",[49,12795,135],{"class":63},[49,12797,9923],{"class":63},[49,12799,2734],{"class":346},[49,12801,7103],{"class":350},[49,12803,2734],{"class":346},[49,12805,135],{"class":63},[49,12807,2729],{"class":346},[49,12809,12641],{"class":350},[49,12811,2734],{"class":346},[49,12813,71],{"class":63},[49,12815,2729],{"class":346},[49,12817,8731],{"class":350},[49,12819,2734],{"class":346},[49,12821,135],{"class":63},[49,12823,12824],{"class":67}," 26",[49,12826,8741],{"class":63},[20,12828,12829],{},"What happened here:",[137,12831,12832,12838,12845],{},[140,12833,12834,12837],{},[15,12835,12836],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[140,12839,12840,12841,12844],{},"Changing ",[15,12842,12843],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[140,12846,12847],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12849,12850],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[35,12852,12854],{"id":12853},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12856,12857,12266,12859,91],{},[15,12858,735],{},[30,12860,12269],{},[20,12862,1539],{},[137,12864,12865,12868,12871],{},[140,12866,12867],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[140,12869,12870],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[140,12872,12873],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12875,761],{},[40,12877,12879],{"className":42,"code":12878,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12880,12881,12889,12907,12930,12934,12938,12952,12956,12981,12985,13003,13022,13037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12882,12883,12885,12887],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12884,12282],{"class":55},[49,12886,60],{"class":59},[49,12888,10917],{"class":63},[49,12890,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,12892,10922],{"class":346},[49,12894,7103],{"class":350},[49,12896,347],{"class":346},[49,12898,135],{"class":63},[49,12900,357],{"class":346},[49,12902,12299],{"class":350},[49,12904,347],{"class":346},[49,12906,10938],{"class":63},[49,12908,12909,12911,12914,12916,12918,12920,12923,12925,12928],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,12910,10922],{"class":346},[49,12912,12913],{"class":350},"grades",[49,12915,347],{"class":346},[49,12917,135],{"class":63},[49,12919,64],{"class":63},[49,12921,12922],{"class":67},"90",[49,12924,71],{"class":63},[49,12926,12927],{"class":67}," 85",[49,12929,82],{"class":63},[49,12931,12932],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,12933,8741],{"class":63},[49,12935,12936],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,12937,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12939,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,12941,12320],{"class":55},[49,12943,60],{"class":59},[49,12945,12325],{"class":55},[49,12947,91],{"class":63},[49,12949,12330],{"class":94},[49,12951,98],{"class":63},[49,12953,12954],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,12955,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12957,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12971,12974,12976,12979],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,12959,12345],{"class":55},[49,12961,938],{"class":63},[49,12963,347],{"class":346},[49,12965,12913],{"class":350},[49,12967,347],{"class":346},[49,12969,12970],{"class":63},"].",[49,12972,12973],{"class":94},"append",[49,12975,108],{"class":63},[49,12977,12978],{"class":67},"100",[49,12980,272],{"class":63},[49,12982,12983],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,12984,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,12986,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,12988,105],{"class":104},[49,12990,108],{"class":63},[49,12992,347],{"class":346},[49,12994,12714],{"class":350},[49,12996,347],{"class":346},[49,12998,71],{"class":63},[49,13000,12325],{"class":94},[49,13002,272],{"class":63},[49,13004,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13020],{"class":51,"line":11019},[49,13006,105],{"class":104},[49,13008,108],{"class":63},[49,13010,347],{"class":346},[49,13012,12733],{"class":350},[49,13014,347],{"class":346},[49,13016,71],{"class":63},[49,13018,13019],{"class":94}," student_copy",[49,13021,272],{"class":63},[49,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035],{"class":51,"line":13024},12,[49,13026,105],{"class":104},[49,13028,108],{"class":63},[49,13030,12282],{"class":94},[49,13032,11617],{"class":3306},[49,13034,13019],{"class":94},[49,13036,272],{"class":63},[49,13038,13040,13042,13044,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069],{"class":51,"line":13039},13,[49,13041,105],{"class":104},[49,13043,108],{"class":63},[49,13045,13046],{"class":94},"student",[49,13048,938],{"class":63},[49,13050,347],{"class":346},[49,13052,12913],{"class":350},[49,13054,347],{"class":346},[49,13056,12693],{"class":63},[49,13058,7529],{"class":3306},[49,13060,13019],{"class":94},[49,13062,938],{"class":63},[49,13064,347],{"class":346},[49,13066,12913],{"class":350},[49,13068,347],{"class":346},[49,13070,3319],{"class":63},[20,13072,13073],{},[30,13074,275],{},[40,13076,13078],{"className":42,"code":13077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13079,13080,13127,13173,13177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13081,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13083,12756],{"class":55},[49,13085,135],{"class":63},[49,13087,9923],{"class":63},[49,13089,2734],{"class":346},[49,13091,7103],{"class":350},[49,13093,2734],{"class":346},[49,13095,135],{"class":63},[49,13097,2729],{"class":346},[49,13099,12299],{"class":350},[49,13101,2734],{"class":346},[49,13103,71],{"class":63},[49,13105,2729],{"class":346},[49,13107,12913],{"class":350},[49,13109,2734],{"class":346},[49,13111,135],{"class":63},[49,13113,64],{"class":63},[49,13115,12922],{"class":67},[49,13117,71],{"class":63},[49,13119,12927],{"class":67},[49,13121,71],{"class":63},[49,13123,9550],{"class":67},[49,13125,13126],{"class":63},"]}\n",[49,13128,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13130,12793],{"class":55},[49,13132,135],{"class":63},[49,13134,9923],{"class":63},[49,13136,2734],{"class":346},[49,13138,7103],{"class":350},[49,13140,2734],{"class":346},[49,13142,135],{"class":63},[49,13144,2729],{"class":346},[49,13146,12299],{"class":350},[49,13148,2734],{"class":346},[49,13150,71],{"class":63},[49,13152,2729],{"class":346},[49,13154,12913],{"class":350},[49,13156,2734],{"class":346},[49,13158,135],{"class":63},[49,13160,64],{"class":63},[49,13162,12922],{"class":67},[49,13164,71],{"class":63},[49,13166,12927],{"class":67},[49,13168,71],{"class":63},[49,13170,9550],{"class":67},[49,13172,13126],{"class":63},[49,13174,13175],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13176,3471],{"class":3281},[49,13178,13179],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,13180,3410],{"class":3281},[20,13182,13183],{},"Notice the difference:",[137,13185,13186,13194],{},[140,13187,13188,4214,13191,13193],{},[15,13189,13190],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13192,3105],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[140,13195,13196,4214,13199,13201],{},[15,13197,13198],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13200,3039],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13203,13204],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13206,13207,13208,91],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[308,13209,13211],{"href":13210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[35,13213,740,13215],{"id":13214},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13216,735],{},[20,13218,120,13219,10033],{},[15,13220,735],{},[137,13222,13223,13226,13229,13232],{},[140,13224,13225],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[140,13227,13228],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[140,13230,13231],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[140,13233,13234],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13236,761],{},[40,13238,13240],{"className":42,"code":13239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13241,13242,13281,13297,13301,13321,13325,13344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13243,13244,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13272,13274,13276,13279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13245,13246],{"class":55},"settings ",[49,13248,60],{"class":59},[49,13250,9923],{"class":63},[49,13252,347],{"class":346},[49,13254,11917],{"class":350},[49,13256,347],{"class":346},[49,13258,135],{"class":63},[49,13260,357],{"class":346},[49,13262,11926],{"class":350},[49,13264,347],{"class":346},[49,13266,71],{"class":63},[49,13268,357],{"class":346},[49,13270,13271],{"class":350},"font_size",[49,13273,347],{"class":346},[49,13275,135],{"class":63},[49,13277,13278],{"class":67}," 14",[49,13280,8741],{"class":63},[49,13282,13283,13286,13288,13291,13293,13295],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13284,13285],{"class":55},"settings_backup ",[49,13287,60],{"class":59},[49,13289,13290],{"class":55}," settings",[49,13292,91],{"class":63},[49,13294,12330],{"class":94},[49,13296,98],{"class":63},[49,13298,13299],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13300,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13302,13303,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,13304,13305],{"class":55},"settings",[49,13307,938],{"class":63},[49,13309,347],{"class":346},[49,13311,13271],{"class":350},[49,13313,347],{"class":346},[49,13315,12693],{"class":63},[49,13317,12696],{"class":59},[49,13319,13320],{"class":67}," 16\n",[49,13322,13323],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,13324,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13326,13327,13329,13331,13333,13336,13338,13340,13342],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,13328,105],{"class":104},[49,13330,108],{"class":63},[49,13332,347],{"class":346},[49,13334,13335],{"class":350},"Current:",[49,13337,347],{"class":346},[49,13339,71],{"class":63},[49,13341,13290],{"class":94},[49,13343,272],{"class":63},[49,13345,13346,13348,13350,13352,13355,13357,13359,13362],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,13347,105],{"class":104},[49,13349,108],{"class":63},[49,13351,347],{"class":346},[49,13353,13354],{"class":350},"Backup:",[49,13356,347],{"class":346},[49,13358,71],{"class":63},[49,13360,13361],{"class":94}," settings_backup",[49,13363,272],{"class":63},[20,13365,13366],{},[30,13367,275],{},[40,13369,13371],{"className":42,"code":13370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13372,13373,13411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13374,13375,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13376,13377],{"class":55},"Current",[49,13379,135],{"class":63},[49,13381,9923],{"class":63},[49,13383,2734],{"class":346},[49,13385,11917],{"class":350},[49,13387,2734],{"class":346},[49,13389,135],{"class":63},[49,13391,2729],{"class":346},[49,13393,11926],{"class":350},[49,13395,2734],{"class":346},[49,13397,71],{"class":63},[49,13399,2729],{"class":346},[49,13401,13271],{"class":350},[49,13403,2734],{"class":346},[49,13405,135],{"class":63},[49,13407,13408],{"class":67}," 16",[49,13410,8741],{"class":63},[49,13412,13413,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13414,13415],{"class":55},"Backup",[49,13417,135],{"class":63},[49,13419,9923],{"class":63},[49,13421,2734],{"class":346},[49,13423,11917],{"class":350},[49,13425,2734],{"class":346},[49,13427,135],{"class":63},[49,13429,2729],{"class":346},[49,13431,11926],{"class":350},[49,13433,2734],{"class":346},[49,13435,71],{"class":63},[49,13437,2729],{"class":346},[49,13439,13271],{"class":350},[49,13441,2734],{"class":346},[49,13443,135],{"class":63},[49,13445,13278],{"class":67},[49,13447,8741],{"class":63},[20,13449,13450,13451,2310,13457,91],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[308,13452,13454],{"href":13453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13455,13456],{},"dict.update()",[308,13458,13459],{"href":12242},[15,13460,10756],{},[35,13462,13464,13466],{"id":13463},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13465,735],{}," vs assignment",[20,13468,13469],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13471,1092,13472,13474,13475,13477],{},[15,13473,60],{}," does ",[30,13476,329],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[528,13479,13481],{"id":13480},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[40,13483,13485],{"className":42,"code":13484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13486,13487,13519,13528,13532,13552,13556,13574,13594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13488,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13490,11509],{"class":55},[49,13492,60],{"class":59},[49,13494,9923],{"class":63},[49,13496,347],{"class":346},[49,13498,1606],{"class":350},[49,13500,347],{"class":346},[49,13502,135],{"class":63},[49,13504,4930],{"class":67},[49,13506,71],{"class":63},[49,13508,357],{"class":346},[49,13510,11169],{"class":350},[49,13512,347],{"class":346},[49,13514,135],{"class":63},[49,13516,74],{"class":67},[49,13518,8741],{"class":63},[49,13520,13521,13524,13526],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13522,13523],{"class":55},"assigned ",[49,13525,60],{"class":59},[49,13527,11547],{"class":55},[49,13529,13530],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13531,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13533,13534,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,13535,13536],{"class":55},"assigned",[49,13538,938],{"class":63},[49,13540,347],{"class":346},[49,13542,1606],{"class":350},[49,13544,347],{"class":346},[49,13546,12693],{"class":63},[49,13548,12696],{"class":59},[49,13550,13551],{"class":67}," 99\n",[49,13553,13554],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,13555,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13557,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,13559,105],{"class":104},[49,13561,108],{"class":63},[49,13563,347],{"class":346},[49,13565,12714],{"class":350},[49,13567,347],{"class":346},[49,13569,71],{"class":63},[49,13571,11584],{"class":94},[49,13573,272],{"class":63},[49,13575,13576,13578,13580,13582,13585,13587,13589,13592],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,13577,105],{"class":104},[49,13579,108],{"class":63},[49,13581,347],{"class":346},[49,13583,13584],{"class":350},"Assigned:",[49,13586,347],{"class":346},[49,13588,71],{"class":63},[49,13590,13591],{"class":94}," assigned",[49,13593,272],{"class":63},[49,13595,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,13597,105],{"class":104},[49,13599,108],{"class":63},[49,13601,11509],{"class":94},[49,13603,11617],{"class":3306},[49,13605,13591],{"class":94},[49,13607,272],{"class":63},[20,13609,13610],{},[30,13611,275],{},[40,13613,13615],{"className":42,"code":13614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13616,13617,13649,13682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13618,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13620,12756],{"class":55},[49,13622,135],{"class":63},[49,13624,9923],{"class":63},[49,13626,2734],{"class":346},[49,13628,1606],{"class":350},[49,13630,2734],{"class":346},[49,13632,135],{"class":63},[49,13634,9629],{"class":67},[49,13636,71],{"class":63},[49,13638,2729],{"class":346},[49,13640,11169],{"class":350},[49,13642,2734],{"class":346},[49,13644,135],{"class":63},[49,13646,74],{"class":67},[49,13648,8741],{"class":63},[49,13650,13651,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13652,13653],{"class":55},"Assigned",[49,13655,135],{"class":63},[49,13657,9923],{"class":63},[49,13659,2734],{"class":346},[49,13661,1606],{"class":350},[49,13663,2734],{"class":346},[49,13665,135],{"class":63},[49,13667,9629],{"class":67},[49,13669,71],{"class":63},[49,13671,2729],{"class":346},[49,13673,11169],{"class":350},[49,13675,2734],{"class":346},[49,13677,135],{"class":63},[49,13679,74],{"class":67},[49,13681,8741],{"class":63},[49,13683,13684],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13685,3410],{"class":3281},[528,13687,1092,13689],{"id":13688},"using-copy",[15,13690,735],{},[40,13692,13694],{"className":42,"code":13693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13695,13696,13728,13743,13747,13766,13770,13788,13808],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13697,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13699,11509],{"class":55},[49,13701,60],{"class":59},[49,13703,9923],{"class":63},[49,13705,347],{"class":346},[49,13707,1606],{"class":350},[49,13709,347],{"class":346},[49,13711,135],{"class":63},[49,13713,4930],{"class":67},[49,13715,71],{"class":63},[49,13717,357],{"class":346},[49,13719,11169],{"class":350},[49,13721,347],{"class":346},[49,13723,135],{"class":63},[49,13725,74],{"class":67},[49,13727,8741],{"class":63},[49,13729,13730,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13731,13732],{"class":55},"copied ",[49,13734,60],{"class":59},[49,13736,11584],{"class":55},[49,13738,91],{"class":63},[49,13740,12330],{"class":94},[49,13742,98],{"class":63},[49,13744,13745],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13746,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13748,13749,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,13750,13751],{"class":55},"copied",[49,13753,938],{"class":63},[49,13755,347],{"class":346},[49,13757,1606],{"class":350},[49,13759,347],{"class":346},[49,13761,12693],{"class":63},[49,13763,12696],{"class":59},[49,13765,13551],{"class":67},[49,13767,13768],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,13769,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13771,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,13773,105],{"class":104},[49,13775,108],{"class":63},[49,13777,347],{"class":346},[49,13779,12714],{"class":350},[49,13781,347],{"class":346},[49,13783,71],{"class":63},[49,13785,11584],{"class":94},[49,13787,272],{"class":63},[49,13789,13790,13792,13794,13796,13799,13801,13803,13806],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,13791,105],{"class":104},[49,13793,108],{"class":63},[49,13795,347],{"class":346},[49,13797,13798],{"class":350},"Copied:",[49,13800,347],{"class":346},[49,13802,71],{"class":63},[49,13804,13805],{"class":94}," copied",[49,13807,272],{"class":63},[49,13809,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,13811,105],{"class":104},[49,13813,108],{"class":63},[49,13815,11509],{"class":94},[49,13817,11617],{"class":3306},[49,13819,13805],{"class":94},[49,13821,272],{"class":63},[20,13823,13824],{},[30,13825,275],{},[40,13827,13829],{"className":42,"code":13828,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13830,13831,13863,13896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13832,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13834,12756],{"class":55},[49,13836,135],{"class":63},[49,13838,9923],{"class":63},[49,13840,2734],{"class":346},[49,13842,1606],{"class":350},[49,13844,2734],{"class":346},[49,13846,135],{"class":63},[49,13848,4930],{"class":67},[49,13850,71],{"class":63},[49,13852,2729],{"class":346},[49,13854,11169],{"class":350},[49,13856,2734],{"class":346},[49,13858,135],{"class":63},[49,13860,74],{"class":67},[49,13862,8741],{"class":63},[49,13864,13865,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13866,13867],{"class":55},"Copied",[49,13869,135],{"class":63},[49,13871,9923],{"class":63},[49,13873,2734],{"class":346},[49,13875,1606],{"class":350},[49,13877,2734],{"class":346},[49,13879,135],{"class":63},[49,13881,9629],{"class":67},[49,13883,71],{"class":63},[49,13885,2729],{"class":346},[49,13887,11169],{"class":350},[49,13889,2734],{"class":346},[49,13891,135],{"class":63},[49,13893,74],{"class":67},[49,13895,8741],{"class":63},[49,13897,13898],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13899,3471],{"class":3281},[20,13901,13902],{},"Summary:",[137,13904,13905,13911],{},[140,13906,13907,13910],{},[15,13908,13909],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[140,13912,13913,13916],{},[15,13914,13915],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[35,13918,13920],{"id":13919},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13922,13923,135],{},[15,13924,735],{},[137,13926,13927,13930,13933,13936],{},[140,13928,13929],{},"Returns a dictionary",[140,13931,13932],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[140,13934,13935],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[140,13937,13938],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13940,761],{},[40,13942,13944],{"className":42,"code":13943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13945,13946,13978,13994,13998,14016,14036,14040,14058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13947,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13949,8597],{"class":55},[49,13951,60],{"class":59},[49,13953,9923],{"class":63},[49,13955,347],{"class":346},[49,13957,308],{"class":350},[49,13959,347],{"class":346},[49,13961,135],{"class":63},[49,13963,4930],{"class":67},[49,13965,71],{"class":63},[49,13967,357],{"class":346},[49,13969,360],{"class":350},[49,13971,347],{"class":346},[49,13973,135],{"class":63},[49,13975,74],{"class":67},[49,13977,8741],{"class":63},[49,13979,13980,13983,13985,13988,13990,13992],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,13981,13982],{"class":55},"data_copy ",[49,13984,60],{"class":59},[49,13986,13987],{"class":55}," data",[49,13989,91],{"class":63},[49,13991,12330],{"class":94},[49,13993,98],{"class":63},[49,13995,13996],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,13997,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,13999,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,14001,8636],{"class":55},[49,14003,938],{"class":63},[49,14005,347],{"class":346},[49,14007,308],{"class":350},[49,14009,347],{"class":346},[49,14011,12693],{"class":63},[49,14013,12696],{"class":59},[49,14015,2017],{"class":67},[49,14017,14018,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,14019,14020],{"class":55},"data_copy",[49,14022,938],{"class":63},[49,14024,347],{"class":346},[49,14026,360],{"class":350},[49,14028,347],{"class":346},[49,14030,12693],{"class":63},[49,14032,12696],{"class":59},[49,14034,14035],{"class":67}," 20\n",[49,14037,14038],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,14039,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,14041,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,14043,105],{"class":104},[49,14045,108],{"class":63},[49,14047,347],{"class":346},[49,14049,12714],{"class":350},[49,14051,347],{"class":346},[49,14053,71],{"class":63},[49,14055,13987],{"class":94},[49,14057,272],{"class":63},[49,14059,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14075],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,14061,105],{"class":104},[49,14063,108],{"class":63},[49,14065,347],{"class":346},[49,14067,12733],{"class":350},[49,14069,347],{"class":346},[49,14071,71],{"class":63},[49,14073,14074],{"class":94}," data_copy",[49,14076,272],{"class":63},[20,14078,14079],{},[30,14080,275],{},[40,14082,14084],{"className":42,"code":14083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14085,14086,14118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14087,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14089,12756],{"class":55},[49,14091,135],{"class":63},[49,14093,9923],{"class":63},[49,14095,2734],{"class":346},[49,14097,308],{"class":350},[49,14099,2734],{"class":346},[49,14101,135],{"class":63},[49,14103,5437],{"class":67},[49,14105,71],{"class":63},[49,14107,2729],{"class":346},[49,14109,360],{"class":350},[49,14111,2734],{"class":346},[49,14113,135],{"class":63},[49,14115,74],{"class":67},[49,14117,8741],{"class":63},[49,14119,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14121,12793],{"class":55},[49,14123,135],{"class":63},[49,14125,9923],{"class":63},[49,14127,2734],{"class":346},[49,14129,308],{"class":350},[49,14131,2734],{"class":346},[49,14133,135],{"class":63},[49,14135,4930],{"class":67},[49,14137,71],{"class":63},[49,14139,2729],{"class":346},[49,14141,360],{"class":350},[49,14143,2734],{"class":346},[49,14145,135],{"class":63},[49,14147,226],{"class":67},[49,14149,8741],{"class":63},[35,14151,2261],{"id":2260},[20,14153,14154,14155,135],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14156,11858],{},[137,14158,14159,14166,14171,14176],{},[140,14160,1092,14161,871,14163,14165],{},[15,14162,60],{},[15,14164,735],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[140,14167,4010,14168,14170],{},[15,14169,735],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[140,14172,14173,14174],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14175,735],{},[140,14177,14178],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14180,14181],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[40,14183,14185],{"className":42,"code":14184,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14186,14187,14197,14207,14221,14244,14267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14188,14189,14191,14193,14195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14190,105],{"class":104},[49,14192,108],{"class":63},[49,14194,11556],{"class":94},[49,14196,272],{"class":63},[49,14198,14199,14201,14203,14205],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14200,105],{"class":104},[49,14202,108],{"class":63},[49,14204,13751],{"class":94},[49,14206,272],{"class":63},[49,14208,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,14210,105],{"class":104},[49,14212,108],{"class":63},[49,14214,11509],{"class":94},[49,14216,11617],{"class":3306},[49,14218,13805],{"class":94},[49,14220,272],{"class":63},[49,14222,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14238,14240,14242],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,14224,105],{"class":104},[49,14226,108],{"class":63},[49,14228,1191],{"class":104},[49,14230,108],{"class":63},[49,14232,11556],{"class":94},[49,14234,8665],{"class":63},[49,14236,14237],{"class":104}," id",[49,14239,108],{"class":63},[49,14241,13751],{"class":94},[49,14243,1182],{"class":63},[49,14245,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14263,14265],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,14247,105],{"class":104},[49,14249,108],{"class":63},[49,14251,1191],{"class":104},[49,14253,108],{"class":63},[49,14255,11556],{"class":94},[49,14257,938],{"class":63},[49,14259,347],{"class":346},[49,14261,14262],{"class":350},"key",[49,14264,347],{"class":346},[49,14266,2431],{"class":63},[49,14268,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,14270,105],{"class":104},[49,14272,108],{"class":63},[49,14274,1191],{"class":104},[49,14276,108],{"class":63},[49,14278,13751],{"class":94},[49,14280,938],{"class":63},[49,14282,347],{"class":346},[49,14284,14262],{"class":350},[49,14286,347],{"class":346},[49,14288,2431],{"class":63},[20,14290,14291],{},"What these help you check:",[137,14293,14294,14297,14300],{},[140,14295,14296],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[140,14298,14299],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[140,14301,14302],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14304,14305,14306,91],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[308,14307,14309],{"href":14308},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[35,14311,1253],{"id":1252},[528,14313,1257,14315,14317],{"id":14314},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14316,11858],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14319,14320],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[528,14322,14324,14325,14327],{"id":14323},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14326,11858],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14329,14330],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[528,14332,1279,14334,618,14336,1284],{"id":14333},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14335,735],{},[15,14337,60],{},[20,14339,14340,14342,14343,14345],{},[15,14341,735],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14344,60],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[528,14347,14349],{"id":14348},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14351,14352],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[35,14354,1309],{"id":1308},[137,14356,14357,14361,14365,14369,14376,14382],{},[140,14358,14359],{},[308,14360,10673],{"href":12445},[140,14362,14363],{},[308,14364,8587],{"href":12442},[140,14366,14367],{},[308,14368,13211],{"href":13210},[140,14370,14371],{},[308,14372,10169,14373,736],{"href":13453},[15,14374,14375],{},"update()",[140,14377,14378],{},[308,14379,10169,14380,736],{"href":12242},[15,14381,17],{},[140,14383,14384],{},[308,14385,14386],{"href":14308},"How to copy a list in Python",[1352,14388,14389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":14391},[14392,14393,14395,14396,14397,14398,14400,14406,14407,14408,14417],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":12414,"depth":85,"text":14394},"What the copy() method does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":12853,"depth":85,"text":12854},{"id":13214,"depth":85,"text":14399},"When to use copy()",{"id":13463,"depth":85,"text":14401,"children":14402},"copy() vs assignment",[14403,14404],{"id":13480,"depth":101,"text":13481},{"id":13688,"depth":101,"text":14405},"Using copy()",{"id":13919,"depth":85,"text":13920},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":14409},[14410,14412,14414,14416],{"id":14314,"depth":101,"text":14411},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14323,"depth":101,"text":14413},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14333,"depth":101,"text":14415},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14348,"depth":101,"text":14349},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12248,"description":14418},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14425,"title":14426,"body":14427,"description":16626,"extension":1392,"meta":16627,"navigation":243,"path":12445,"seo":16628,"stem":16629,"__hash__":16630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14428,"toc":16588},[14429,14432,14438,14447,14449,14525,14529,14578,14581,14585,14599,14602,14606,14619,14622,14655,14669,14672,14684,14688,14691,14699,14779,14783,14836,14840,14858,14860,14942,14945,14947,14950,14953,14976,15000,15004,15012,15015,15019,15028,15033,15091,15095,15128,15134,15140,15143,15198,15202,15252,15255,15261,15264,15272,15274,15319,15324,15333,15336,15339,15386,15388,15393,15396,15490,15494,15547,15550,15606,15609,15613,15616,15630,15634,15700,15704,15729,15732,15736,15814,15818,15821,15824,15844,15847,15900,15904,15907,15910,15923,15925,16014,16021,16024,16035,16037,16040,16060,16064,16067,16076,16079,16118,16122,16124,16133,16142,16144,16182,16186,16233,16237,16258,16262,16265,16377,16382,16480,16502,16504,16508,16515,16519,16525,16529,16532,16536,16539,16546,16554,16556,16582,16585],[10,14430,14426],{"id":14431},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14433,14434,14435,14437],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14436,8563],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14439,14440,14441,2310,14443,91],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[308,14442,8587],{"href":8586},[308,14444,14446],{"href":14445},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[35,14448,1434],{"id":1433},[40,14450,14452],{"className":42,"code":14451,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14453,14454,14462,14480,14494,14507,14511,14515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14455,14456,14458,14460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14457,12282],{"class":55},[49,14459,60],{"class":59},[49,14461,10917],{"class":63},[49,14463,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14465,10922],{"class":346},[49,14467,7103],{"class":350},[49,14469,347],{"class":346},[49,14471,135],{"class":63},[49,14473,357],{"class":346},[49,14475,12299],{"class":350},[49,14477,347],{"class":346},[49,14479,10938],{"class":63},[49,14481,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,14483,10922],{"class":346},[49,14485,8731],{"class":350},[49,14487,347],{"class":346},[49,14489,135],{"class":63},[49,14491,226],{"class":67},[49,14493,10938],{"class":63},[49,14495,14496,14498,14501,14503,14505],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,14497,10922],{"class":346},[49,14499,14500],{"class":350},"is_active",[49,14502,347],{"class":346},[49,14504,135],{"class":63},[49,14506,5855],{"class":3281},[49,14508,14509],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,14510,8741],{"class":63},[49,14512,14513],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,14514,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,14516,14517,14519,14521,14523],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,14518,105],{"class":104},[49,14520,108],{"class":63},[49,14522,13046],{"class":94},[49,14524,272],{"class":63},[20,14526,14527],{},[30,14528,275],{},[40,14530,14532],{"className":42,"code":14531,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14533,14534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14535,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14537,8710],{"class":63},[49,14539,2734],{"class":346},[49,14541,7103],{"class":350},[49,14543,2734],{"class":346},[49,14545,135],{"class":63},[49,14547,2729],{"class":346},[49,14549,12299],{"class":350},[49,14551,2734],{"class":346},[49,14553,71],{"class":63},[49,14555,2729],{"class":346},[49,14557,8731],{"class":350},[49,14559,2734],{"class":346},[49,14561,135],{"class":63},[49,14563,226],{"class":67},[49,14565,71],{"class":63},[49,14567,2729],{"class":346},[49,14569,14500],{"class":350},[49,14571,2734],{"class":346},[49,14573,135],{"class":63},[49,14575,3346],{"class":3281},[49,14577,8741],{"class":63},[20,14579,14580],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[35,14582,14584],{"id":14583},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[137,14586,14587,14590,14593,14596],{},[140,14588,14589],{},"What a dictionary is",[140,14591,14592],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[140,14594,14595],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[140,14597,14598],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[35,14600,14589],{"id":14601},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14603,8560,14604,91],{},[30,14605,8563],{},[137,14607,14608,14614],{},[140,14609,14610,14611,14613],{},"A ",[30,14612,14262],{}," is the label",[140,14615,14610,14616,14618],{},[30,14617,1904],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14620,14621],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[40,14623,14625],{"className":42,"code":14624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14626,14627,14635,14651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14628,14629,14631,14633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14630,12282],{"class":55},[49,14632,60],{"class":59},[49,14634,10917],{"class":63},[49,14636,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14638,10922],{"class":346},[49,14640,7103],{"class":350},[49,14642,347],{"class":346},[49,14644,135],{"class":63},[49,14646,357],{"class":346},[49,14648,12299],{"class":350},[49,14650,1124],{"class":346},[49,14652,14653],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,14654,8741],{"class":63},[137,14656,14657,14663],{},[140,14658,14659,14662],{},[15,14660,14661],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[140,14664,14665,14668],{},[15,14666,14667],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14670,14671],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[137,14673,14674,14676,14678,14681],{},[140,14675,7103],{},[140,14677,8731],{},[140,14679,14680],{},"email",[140,14682,14683],{},"country",[35,14685,14687],{"id":14686},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14689,14690],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14692,120,14693,14695,14696,91],{},[15,14694,3221],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14697,14698],{},"key: value",[40,14700,14702],{"className":42,"code":14701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14703,14704,14712,14730,14744,14761,14765,14769],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14705,14706,14708,14710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14707,12282],{"class":55},[49,14709,60],{"class":59},[49,14711,10917],{"class":63},[49,14713,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14715,10922],{"class":346},[49,14717,7103],{"class":350},[49,14719,347],{"class":346},[49,14721,135],{"class":63},[49,14723,357],{"class":346},[49,14725,12299],{"class":350},[49,14727,347],{"class":346},[49,14729,10938],{"class":63},[49,14731,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,14733,10922],{"class":346},[49,14735,8731],{"class":350},[49,14737,347],{"class":346},[49,14739,135],{"class":63},[49,14741,226],{"class":67},[49,14743,10938],{"class":63},[49,14745,14746,14748,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,14747,10922],{"class":346},[49,14749,14750],{"class":350},"course",[49,14752,347],{"class":346},[49,14754,135],{"class":63},[49,14756,357],{"class":346},[49,14758,6731],{"class":350},[49,14760,1124],{"class":346},[49,14762,14763],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,14764,8741],{"class":63},[49,14766,14767],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,14768,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,14770,14771,14773,14775,14777],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,14772,105],{"class":104},[49,14774,108],{"class":63},[49,14776,13046],{"class":94},[49,14778,272],{"class":63},[20,14780,14781],{},[30,14782,275],{},[40,14784,14786],{"className":42,"code":14785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14787,14788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14789,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14791,8710],{"class":63},[49,14793,2734],{"class":346},[49,14795,7103],{"class":350},[49,14797,2734],{"class":346},[49,14799,135],{"class":63},[49,14801,2729],{"class":346},[49,14803,12299],{"class":350},[49,14805,2734],{"class":346},[49,14807,71],{"class":63},[49,14809,2729],{"class":346},[49,14811,8731],{"class":350},[49,14813,2734],{"class":346},[49,14815,135],{"class":63},[49,14817,226],{"class":67},[49,14819,71],{"class":63},[49,14821,2729],{"class":346},[49,14823,14750],{"class":350},[49,14825,2734],{"class":346},[49,14827,135],{"class":63},[49,14829,2729],{"class":346},[49,14831,6731],{"class":350},[49,14833,2734],{"class":346},[49,14835,8741],{"class":63},[528,14837,14839],{"id":14838},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[137,14841,14842,14847,14852,14855],{},[140,14843,120,14844,14846],{},[15,14845,3221],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[140,14848,14849,14850],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14851,14698],{},[140,14853,14854],{},"Separate items with commas",[140,14856,14857],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14859,761],{},[40,14861,14863],{"className":42,"code":14862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14864,14865,14874,14894,14910,14923,14927,14931],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14866,14867,14870,14872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14868,14869],{"class":55},"book ",[49,14871,60],{"class":59},[49,14873,10917],{"class":63},[49,14875,14876,14878,14881,14883,14885,14887,14890,14892],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14877,10922],{"class":346},[49,14879,14880],{"class":350},"title",[49,14882,347],{"class":346},[49,14884,135],{"class":63},[49,14886,357],{"class":346},[49,14888,14889],{"class":350},"Python Basics",[49,14891,347],{"class":346},[49,14893,10938],{"class":63},[49,14895,14896,14898,14901,14903,14905,14908],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,14897,10922],{"class":346},[49,14899,14900],{"class":350},"pages",[49,14902,347],{"class":346},[49,14904,135],{"class":63},[49,14906,14907],{"class":67}," 150",[49,14909,10938],{"class":63},[49,14911,14912,14914,14917,14919,14921],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,14913,10922],{"class":346},[49,14915,14916],{"class":350},"available",[49,14918,347],{"class":346},[49,14920,135],{"class":63},[49,14922,5855],{"class":3281},[49,14924,14925],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,14926,8741],{"class":63},[49,14928,14929],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,14930,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,14932,14933,14935,14937,14940],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,14934,105],{"class":104},[49,14936,108],{"class":63},[49,14938,14939],{"class":94},"book",[49,14941,272],{"class":63},[20,14943,14944],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[35,14946,8835],{"id":8834},[20,14948,14949],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14951,14952],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[40,14954,14956],{"className":42,"code":14955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14957,14958,14966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14959,14960,14962,14964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14961,8597],{"class":55},[49,14963,60],{"class":59},[49,14965,9270],{"class":63},[49,14967,14968,14970,14972,14974],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14969,105],{"class":104},[49,14971,108],{"class":63},[49,14973,8636],{"class":94},[49,14975,272],{"class":63},[40,14977,14978],{"className":42,"code":8838,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,14979,14980,14990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14981,14982,14984,14986,14988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14983,8597],{"class":55},[49,14985,60],{"class":59},[49,14987,8602],{"class":1174},[49,14989,98],{"class":63},[49,14991,14992,14994,14996,14998],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,14993,105],{"class":104},[49,14995,108],{"class":63},[49,14997,8636],{"class":94},[49,14999,272],{"class":63},[20,15001,15002],{},[30,15003,275],{},[40,15005,15006],{"className":42,"code":8867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,15007,15008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15009,15010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15011,8867],{"class":63},[20,15013,15014],{},"Both are correct.",[528,15016,15018],{"id":15017},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15020,15021,15023,15024,15027],{},[15,15022,3221],{}," creates an empty ",[30,15025,15026],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15029,15030,15031,91],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15032,3226],{},[40,15034,15036],{"className":42,"code":15035,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15037,15038,15046,15058,15062,15076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15039,15040,15042,15044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15041,11148],{"class":55},[49,15043,60],{"class":59},[49,15045,9270],{"class":63},[49,15047,15048,15051,15053,15056],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15049,15050],{"class":55},"my_set ",[49,15052,60],{"class":59},[49,15054,15055],{"class":1174}," set",[49,15057,98],{"class":63},[49,15059,15060],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15061,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15063,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15065,105],{"class":104},[49,15067,108],{"class":63},[49,15069,1175],{"class":1174},[49,15071,108],{"class":63},[49,15073,10877],{"class":94},[49,15075,1182],{"class":63},[49,15077,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15089],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15079,105],{"class":104},[49,15081,108],{"class":63},[49,15083,1175],{"class":1174},[49,15085,108],{"class":63},[49,15087,15088],{"class":94},"my_set",[49,15090,1182],{"class":63},[20,15092,15093],{},[30,15094,275],{},[40,15096,15098],{"className":42,"code":15097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15099,15100,15114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15101,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15112],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15103,2723],{"class":59},[49,15105,2726],{"class":1497},[49,15107,2729],{"class":346},[49,15109,8252],{"class":350},[49,15111,2734],{"class":346},[49,15113,2737],{"class":59},[49,15115,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15117,2723],{"class":59},[49,15119,2726],{"class":1497},[49,15121,2729],{"class":346},[49,15123,5720],{"class":350},[49,15125,2734],{"class":346},[49,15127,2737],{"class":59},[35,15129,15131,15132],{"id":15130},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15133,8551],{},[20,15135,15136,15137,15139],{},"You can also use ",[15,15138,8551],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15141,15142],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[40,15144,15146],{"className":42,"code":15145,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15147,15148,15188],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15149,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15177,15179,15182,15184,15186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15151,12282],{"class":55},[49,15153,60],{"class":59},[49,15155,8602],{"class":1174},[49,15157,108],{"class":63},[49,15159,7103],{"class":8607},[49,15161,60],{"class":59},[49,15163,347],{"class":346},[49,15165,12299],{"class":350},[49,15167,347],{"class":346},[49,15169,71],{"class":63},[49,15171,8620],{"class":8607},[49,15173,60],{"class":59},[49,15175,15176],{"class":67},"20",[49,15178,71],{"class":63},[49,15180,15181],{"class":8607}," active",[49,15183,60],{"class":59},[49,15185,3039],{"class":3281},[49,15187,272],{"class":63},[49,15189,15190,15192,15194,15196],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15191,105],{"class":104},[49,15193,108],{"class":63},[49,15195,13046],{"class":94},[49,15197,272],{"class":63},[20,15199,15200],{},[30,15201,275],{},[40,15203,15205],{"className":42,"code":15204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15206,15207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15208,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15244,15246,15248,15250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15210,8710],{"class":63},[49,15212,2734],{"class":346},[49,15214,7103],{"class":350},[49,15216,2734],{"class":346},[49,15218,135],{"class":63},[49,15220,2729],{"class":346},[49,15222,12299],{"class":350},[49,15224,2734],{"class":346},[49,15226,71],{"class":63},[49,15228,2729],{"class":346},[49,15230,8731],{"class":350},[49,15232,2734],{"class":346},[49,15234,135],{"class":63},[49,15236,226],{"class":67},[49,15238,71],{"class":63},[49,15240,2729],{"class":346},[49,15242,15243],{"class":350},"active",[49,15245,2734],{"class":346},[49,15247,135],{"class":63},[49,15249,3346],{"class":3281},[49,15251,8741],{"class":63},[20,15253,15254],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[528,15256,15258,15259],{"id":15257},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15260,8551],{},[20,15262,15263],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[137,15265,15266,15269],{},[140,15267,15268],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[140,15270,15271],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15273,6121],{},[40,15275,15277],{"className":42,"code":15276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15278,15279,15309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15280,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15282,10912],{"class":55},[49,15284,60],{"class":59},[49,15286,8602],{"class":1174},[49,15288,108],{"class":63},[49,15290,7103],{"class":8607},[49,15292,60],{"class":59},[49,15294,347],{"class":346},[49,15296,7112],{"class":350},[49,15298,347],{"class":346},[49,15300,71],{"class":63},[49,15302,8620],{"class":8607},[49,15304,60],{"class":59},[49,15306,8625],{"class":67},[49,15308,272],{"class":63},[49,15310,15311,15313,15315,15317],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15312,105],{"class":104},[49,15314,108],{"class":63},[49,15316,11006],{"class":94},[49,15318,272],{"class":63},[20,15320,4059,15321,15323],{},[30,15322,329],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[40,15325,15327],{"className":42,"code":15326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15328,15329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15330,15331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15332,15326],{"class":116},[20,15334,15335],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15337,15338],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[40,15340,15342],{"className":42,"code":15341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15343,15344,15352,15368,15372,15376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15345,15346,15348,15350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15347,10912],{"class":55},[49,15349,60],{"class":59},[49,15351,10917],{"class":63},[49,15353,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15355,10922],{"class":346},[49,15357,9928],{"class":350},[49,15359,347],{"class":346},[49,15361,135],{"class":63},[49,15363,357],{"class":346},[49,15365,7112],{"class":350},[49,15367,1124],{"class":346},[49,15369,15370],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15371,8741],{"class":63},[49,15373,15374],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15375,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15377,15378,15380,15382,15384],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15379,105],{"class":104},[49,15381,108],{"class":63},[49,15383,11006],{"class":94},[49,15385,272],{"class":63},[35,15387,8877],{"id":8876},[20,15389,15390,15392],{},[15,15391,8551],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15394,15395],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[40,15397,15399],{"className":42,"code":15398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15400,15401,15458,15462,15476,15480],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15402,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15454,15456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15404,8647],{"class":55},[49,15406,60],{"class":59},[49,15408,8652],{"class":63},[49,15410,347],{"class":346},[49,15412,7103],{"class":350},[49,15414,347],{"class":346},[49,15416,71],{"class":63},[49,15418,357],{"class":346},[49,15420,12299],{"class":350},[49,15422,347],{"class":346},[49,15424,8665],{"class":63},[49,15426,8668],{"class":63},[49,15428,347],{"class":346},[49,15430,8731],{"class":350},[49,15432,347],{"class":346},[49,15434,71],{"class":63},[49,15436,226],{"class":67},[49,15438,8665],{"class":63},[49,15440,8668],{"class":63},[49,15442,347],{"class":346},[49,15444,9841],{"class":350},[49,15446,347],{"class":346},[49,15448,71],{"class":63},[49,15450,357],{"class":346},[49,15452,15453],{"class":350},"Lima",[49,15455,347],{"class":346},[49,15457,8681],{"class":63},[49,15459,15460],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15461,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15463,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15465,12282],{"class":55},[49,15467,60],{"class":59},[49,15469,8602],{"class":1174},[49,15471,108],{"class":63},[49,15473,8694],{"class":94},[49,15475,272],{"class":63},[49,15477,15478],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15479,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15481,15482,15484,15486,15488],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15483,105],{"class":104},[49,15485,108],{"class":63},[49,15487,13046],{"class":94},[49,15489,272],{"class":63},[20,15491,15492],{},[30,15493,275],{},[40,15495,15497],{"className":42,"code":15496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15498,15499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15500,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15502,8710],{"class":63},[49,15504,2734],{"class":346},[49,15506,7103],{"class":350},[49,15508,2734],{"class":346},[49,15510,135],{"class":63},[49,15512,2729],{"class":346},[49,15514,12299],{"class":350},[49,15516,2734],{"class":346},[49,15518,71],{"class":63},[49,15520,2729],{"class":346},[49,15522,8731],{"class":350},[49,15524,2734],{"class":346},[49,15526,135],{"class":63},[49,15528,226],{"class":67},[49,15530,71],{"class":63},[49,15532,2729],{"class":346},[49,15534,9841],{"class":350},[49,15536,2734],{"class":346},[49,15538,135],{"class":63},[49,15540,2729],{"class":346},[49,15542,15453],{"class":350},[49,15544,2734],{"class":346},[49,15546,8741],{"class":63},[20,15548,15549],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[40,15551,15553],{"className":42,"code":15552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15554,15555,15596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15556,15557,15559,15561,15563,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15558,12282],{"class":55},[49,15560,60],{"class":59},[49,15562,8602],{"class":1174},[49,15564,15565],{"class":63},"(((",[49,15567,347],{"class":346},[49,15569,7103],{"class":350},[49,15571,347],{"class":346},[49,15573,71],{"class":63},[49,15575,357],{"class":346},[49,15577,12299],{"class":350},[49,15579,347],{"class":346},[49,15581,8665],{"class":63},[49,15583,8668],{"class":63},[49,15585,347],{"class":346},[49,15587,8731],{"class":350},[49,15589,347],{"class":346},[49,15591,71],{"class":63},[49,15593,226],{"class":67},[49,15595,2344],{"class":63},[49,15597,15598,15600,15602,15604],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15599,105],{"class":104},[49,15601,108],{"class":63},[49,15603,13046],{"class":94},[49,15605,272],{"class":63},[20,15607,15608],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[35,15610,15612],{"id":15611},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15614,15615],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[137,15617,15618,15621,15624,15627],{},[140,15619,15620],{},"Keys must be unique",[140,15622,15623],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[140,15625,15626],{},"Values can repeat",[140,15628,15629],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[528,15631,15633],{"id":15632},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[40,15635,15637],{"className":42,"code":15636,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15638,15639,15647,15665,15682,15686,15690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15640,15641,15643,15645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15642,8597],{"class":55},[49,15644,60],{"class":59},[49,15646,10917],{"class":63},[49,15648,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15650,10922],{"class":346},[49,15652,7103],{"class":350},[49,15654,347],{"class":346},[49,15656,135],{"class":63},[49,15658,357],{"class":346},[49,15660,12299],{"class":350},[49,15662,347],{"class":346},[49,15664,10938],{"class":63},[49,15666,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15680],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15668,10922],{"class":346},[49,15670,7103],{"class":350},[49,15672,347],{"class":346},[49,15674,135],{"class":63},[49,15676,357],{"class":346},[49,15678,15679],{"class":350},"Maria",[49,15681,1124],{"class":346},[49,15683,15684],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15685,8741],{"class":63},[49,15687,15688],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15689,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15691,15692,15694,15696,15698],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,15693,105],{"class":104},[49,15695,108],{"class":63},[49,15697,8636],{"class":94},[49,15699,272],{"class":63},[20,15701,15702],{},[30,15703,275],{},[40,15705,15707],{"className":42,"code":15706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15708,15709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15710,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15712,8710],{"class":63},[49,15714,2734],{"class":346},[49,15716,7103],{"class":350},[49,15718,2734],{"class":346},[49,15720,135],{"class":63},[49,15722,2729],{"class":346},[49,15724,15679],{"class":350},[49,15726,2734],{"class":346},[49,15728,8741],{"class":63},[20,15730,15731],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[528,15733,15735],{"id":15734},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[40,15737,15739],{"className":42,"code":15738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15740,15741,15749,15765,15781,15795,15799,15803],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15742,15743,15745,15747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15744,4494],{"class":55},[49,15746,60],{"class":59},[49,15748,10917],{"class":63},[49,15750,15751,15754,15756,15758,15761,15763],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15752,15753],{"class":67},"    1",[49,15755,135],{"class":63},[49,15757,357],{"class":346},[49,15759,15760],{"class":350},"low",[49,15762,347],{"class":346},[49,15764,10938],{"class":63},[49,15766,15767,15770,15772,15774,15777,15779],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15768,15769],{"class":67},"    2",[49,15771,135],{"class":63},[49,15773,357],{"class":346},[49,15775,15776],{"class":350},"medium",[49,15778,347],{"class":346},[49,15780,10938],{"class":63},[49,15782,15783,15786,15788,15790,15793],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15784,15785],{"class":67},"    3",[49,15787,135],{"class":63},[49,15789,357],{"class":346},[49,15791,15792],{"class":350},"high",[49,15794,1124],{"class":346},[49,15796,15797],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15798,8741],{"class":63},[49,15800,15801],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,15802,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15804,15805,15807,15809,15812],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,15806,105],{"class":104},[49,15808,108],{"class":63},[49,15810,15811],{"class":94},"scores",[49,15813,272],{"class":63},[528,15815,15817],{"id":15816},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15819,15820],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15822,15823],{},"This will cause an error:",[40,15825,15827],{"className":42,"code":15826,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15828,15829,15834,15839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15830,15831],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15832,15833],{"class":116},"# bad = {\n",[49,15835,15836],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15837,15838],{"class":116},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[49,15840,15841],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15842,15843],{"class":116},"# }\n",[20,15845,15846],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[40,15848,15850],{"className":42,"code":15849,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15851,15852,15861,15881,15885,15889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15853,15854,15857,15859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15855,15856],{"class":55},"good ",[49,15858,60],{"class":59},[49,15860,10917],{"class":63},[49,15862,15863,15866,15868,15870,15872,15875,15877,15879],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15864,15865],{"class":63},"    (",[49,15867,68],{"class":67},[49,15869,71],{"class":63},[49,15871,74],{"class":67},[49,15873,15874],{"class":63},"):",[49,15876,357],{"class":346},[49,15878,249],{"class":350},[49,15880,1124],{"class":346},[49,15882,15883],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15884,8741],{"class":63},[49,15886,15887],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15888,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15890,15891,15893,15895,15898],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15892,105],{"class":104},[49,15894,108],{"class":63},[49,15896,15897],{"class":94},"good",[49,15899,272],{"class":63},[35,15901,15903],{"id":15902},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15905,15906],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15908,15909],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[137,15911,15912,15915,15917,15920],{},[140,15913,15914],{},"user data",[140,15916,13305],{},[140,15918,15919],{},"counters",[140,15921,15922],{},"lookups",[20,15924,761],{},[40,15926,15928],{"className":42,"code":15927,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15929,15930,15938,15957,15976,15988,15992,15996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15931,15932,15934,15936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15933,10912],{"class":55},[49,15935,60],{"class":59},[49,15937,10917],{"class":63},[49,15939,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15953,15955],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,15941,10922],{"class":346},[49,15943,7417],{"class":350},[49,15945,347],{"class":346},[49,15947,135],{"class":63},[49,15949,357],{"class":346},[49,15951,15952],{"class":350},"ana123",[49,15954,347],{"class":346},[49,15956,10938],{"class":63},[49,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15972,15974],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,15960,10922],{"class":346},[49,15962,14680],{"class":350},[49,15964,347],{"class":346},[49,15966,135],{"class":63},[49,15968,357],{"class":346},[49,15970,15971],{"class":350},"ana@example.com",[49,15973,347],{"class":346},[49,15975,10938],{"class":63},[49,15977,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,15979,10922],{"class":346},[49,15981,11937],{"class":350},[49,15983,347],{"class":346},[49,15985,135],{"class":63},[49,15987,5855],{"class":3281},[49,15989,15990],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,15991,8741],{"class":63},[49,15993,15994],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,15995,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,15997,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,15999,105],{"class":104},[49,16001,108],{"class":63},[49,16003,11006],{"class":94},[49,16005,938],{"class":63},[49,16007,347],{"class":346},[49,16009,14680],{"class":350},[49,16011,347],{"class":346},[49,16013,3319],{"class":63},[20,16015,16016,16017,91],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[308,16018,16020],{"href":16019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16022,16023],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[137,16025,16026,16029,16032],{},[140,16027,16028],{},"labels are not needed",[140,16030,16031],{},"you mostly care about position",[140,16033,16034],{},"order matters more than named fields",[35,16036,2261],{"id":2260},[20,16038,16039],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[137,16041,16042,16045,16048,16051,16054],{},[140,16043,16044],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[140,16046,16047],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[140,16049,16050],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[140,16052,16053],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[140,16055,16056,16057,16059],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16058,3221],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[528,16061,16063],{"id":16062},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16065,16066],{},"Wrong:",[40,16068,16070],{"className":42,"code":16069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16071,16072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16073,16074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16075,16069],{"class":116},[20,16077,16078],{},"Correct:",[40,16080,16082],{"className":42,"code":16081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16083,16084,16108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16085,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16087,12282],{"class":55},[49,16089,60],{"class":59},[49,16091,9923],{"class":63},[49,16093,347],{"class":346},[49,16095,7103],{"class":350},[49,16097,347],{"class":346},[49,16099,135],{"class":63},[49,16101,357],{"class":346},[49,16103,12299],{"class":350},[49,16105,347],{"class":346},[49,16107,8741],{"class":63},[49,16109,16110,16112,16114,16116],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16111,105],{"class":104},[49,16113,108],{"class":63},[49,16115,13046],{"class":94},[49,16117,272],{"class":63},[528,16119,16121],{"id":16120},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16123,16066],{},[40,16125,16127],{"className":42,"code":16126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16128,16129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16130,16131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16132,16126],{"class":116},[20,16134,16135,16136,16138,16139,16141],{},"This only works if ",[15,16137,7103],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16140,14661],{},", use quotes.",[20,16143,16078],{},[40,16145,16146],{"className":42,"code":16081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,16147,16148,16172],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16149,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16151,12282],{"class":55},[49,16153,60],{"class":59},[49,16155,9923],{"class":63},[49,16157,347],{"class":346},[49,16159,7103],{"class":350},[49,16161,347],{"class":346},[49,16163,135],{"class":63},[49,16165,357],{"class":346},[49,16167,12299],{"class":350},[49,16169,347],{"class":346},[49,16171,8741],{"class":63},[49,16173,16174,16176,16178,16180],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16175,105],{"class":104},[49,16177,108],{"class":63},[49,16179,13046],{"class":94},[49,16181,272],{"class":63},[528,16183,16185],{"id":16184},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[40,16187,16189],{"className":42,"code":16188,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16190,16191,16223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16192,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16194,8597],{"class":55},[49,16196,60],{"class":59},[49,16198,9923],{"class":63},[49,16200,347],{"class":346},[49,16202,8731],{"class":350},[49,16204,347],{"class":346},[49,16206,135],{"class":63},[49,16208,226],{"class":67},[49,16210,71],{"class":63},[49,16212,357],{"class":346},[49,16214,8731],{"class":350},[49,16216,347],{"class":346},[49,16218,135],{"class":63},[49,16220,231],{"class":67},[49,16222,8741],{"class":63},[49,16224,16225,16227,16229,16231],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16226,105],{"class":104},[49,16228,108],{"class":63},[49,16230,8636],{"class":94},[49,16232,272],{"class":63},[20,16234,16235],{},[30,16236,275],{},[40,16238,16240],{"className":42,"code":16239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16241,16242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16243,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16245,8710],{"class":63},[49,16247,2734],{"class":346},[49,16249,8731],{"class":350},[49,16251,2734],{"class":346},[49,16253,135],{"class":63},[49,16255,231],{"class":67},[49,16257,8741],{"class":63},[35,16259,16261],{"id":16260},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16263,16264],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[40,16266,16268],{"className":42,"code":16267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16269,16270,16306,16310,16320,16334,16349,16363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16273,11148],{"class":55},[49,16275,60],{"class":59},[49,16277,9923],{"class":63},[49,16279,347],{"class":346},[49,16281,7103],{"class":350},[49,16283,347],{"class":346},[49,16285,135],{"class":63},[49,16287,357],{"class":346},[49,16289,12299],{"class":350},[49,16291,347],{"class":346},[49,16293,71],{"class":63},[49,16295,357],{"class":346},[49,16297,8731],{"class":350},[49,16299,347],{"class":346},[49,16301,135],{"class":63},[49,16303,226],{"class":67},[49,16305,8741],{"class":63},[49,16307,16308],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16309,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,16311,16312,16314,16316,16318],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,16313,105],{"class":104},[49,16315,108],{"class":63},[49,16317,10877],{"class":94},[49,16319,272],{"class":63},[49,16321,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,16323,105],{"class":104},[49,16325,108],{"class":63},[49,16327,1175],{"class":1174},[49,16329,108],{"class":63},[49,16331,10877],{"class":94},[49,16333,1182],{"class":63},[49,16335,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16347],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,16337,105],{"class":104},[49,16339,108],{"class":63},[49,16341,10877],{"class":94},[49,16343,91],{"class":63},[49,16345,16346],{"class":94},"keys",[49,16348,6628],{"class":63},[49,16350,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,16352,105],{"class":104},[49,16354,108],{"class":63},[49,16356,10877],{"class":94},[49,16358,91],{"class":63},[49,16360,4790],{"class":94},[49,16362,6628],{"class":63},[49,16364,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,16366,105],{"class":104},[49,16368,108],{"class":63},[49,16370,10592],{"class":104},[49,16372,108],{"class":63},[49,16374,10877],{"class":94},[49,16376,1182],{"class":63},[20,16378,16379],{},[30,16380,16381],{},"Example output:",[40,16383,16385],{"className":42,"code":16384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16386,16387,16419,16433,16456,16475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16388,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16390,8710],{"class":63},[49,16392,2734],{"class":346},[49,16394,7103],{"class":350},[49,16396,2734],{"class":346},[49,16398,135],{"class":63},[49,16400,2729],{"class":346},[49,16402,12299],{"class":350},[49,16404,2734],{"class":346},[49,16406,71],{"class":63},[49,16408,2729],{"class":346},[49,16410,8731],{"class":350},[49,16412,2734],{"class":346},[49,16414,135],{"class":63},[49,16416,226],{"class":67},[49,16418,8741],{"class":63},[49,16420,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16422,2723],{"class":59},[49,16424,2726],{"class":1497},[49,16426,2729],{"class":346},[49,16428,8252],{"class":350},[49,16430,2734],{"class":346},[49,16432,2737],{"class":59},[49,16434,16435,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452,16454],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,16436,16437],{"class":94},"dict_keys",[49,16439,2418],{"class":63},[49,16441,2734],{"class":346},[49,16443,7103],{"class":350},[49,16445,2734],{"class":346},[49,16447,71],{"class":63},[49,16449,2729],{"class":346},[49,16451,8731],{"class":350},[49,16453,2734],{"class":346},[49,16455,3319],{"class":63},[49,16457,16458,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,16459,16460],{"class":94},"dict_values",[49,16462,2418],{"class":63},[49,16464,2734],{"class":346},[49,16466,12299],{"class":350},[49,16468,2734],{"class":346},[49,16470,71],{"class":63},[49,16472,226],{"class":67},[49,16474,3319],{"class":63},[49,16476,16477],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,16478,16479],{"class":67},"2\n",[20,16481,16482,16483,1622,16489,16495,16496,91],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[308,16484,10169,16486],{"href":16485},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16487,16488],{},"keys()",[308,16490,10169,16492],{"href":16491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16493,16494],{},"values()",", and ",[308,16497,10169,16499],{"href":16498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16500,16501],{},"items()",[35,16503,1253],{"id":1252},[528,16505,16507],{"id":16506},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16509,120,16510,2310,16512,16514],{},[15,16511,3221],{},[15,16513,8551],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[528,16516,16518],{"id":16517},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16520,16521,16522,91],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16523,16524],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[528,16526,16528],{"id":16527},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16530,16531],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[528,16533,16535],{"id":16534},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16537,16538],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[528,16540,1279,16542,618,16544,1284],{"id":16541},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16543,3221],{},[15,16545,8551],{},[20,16547,16548,16550,16551,16553],{},[15,16549,3221],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16552,8551],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[35,16555,1309],{"id":1308},[137,16557,16558,16562,16568,16572,16578],{},[140,16559,16560],{},[308,16561,8587],{"href":8586},[140,16563,16564],{},[308,16565,10169,16566,736],{"href":10168},[15,16567,10172],{},[140,16569,16570],{},[308,16571,10682],{"href":10163},[140,16573,16574],{},[308,16575,16577],{"href":16576},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[140,16579,16580],{},[308,16581,10693],{"href":10505},[20,16583,16584],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1352,16586,16587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":16589},[16590,16591,16592,16593,16596,16599,16604,16605,16610,16611,16616,16617,16625],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":14601,"depth":85,"text":14589},{"id":14686,"depth":85,"text":14687,"children":16594},[16595],{"id":14838,"depth":101,"text":14839},{"id":8834,"depth":85,"text":8835,"children":16597},[16598],{"id":15017,"depth":101,"text":15018},{"id":15130,"depth":85,"text":16600,"children":16601},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16602],{"id":15257,"depth":101,"text":16603},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8876,"depth":85,"text":8877},{"id":15611,"depth":85,"text":15612,"children":16606},[16607,16608,16609],{"id":15632,"depth":101,"text":15633},{"id":15734,"depth":101,"text":15735},{"id":15816,"depth":101,"text":15817},{"id":15902,"depth":85,"text":15903},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":16612},[16613,16614,16615],{"id":16062,"depth":101,"text":16063},{"id":16120,"depth":101,"text":16121},{"id":16184,"depth":101,"text":16185},{"id":16260,"depth":85,"text":16261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":16618},[16619,16620,16621,16622,16623],{"id":16506,"depth":101,"text":16507},{"id":16517,"depth":101,"text":16518},{"id":16527,"depth":101,"text":16528},{"id":16534,"depth":101,"text":16535},{"id":16541,"depth":101,"text":16624},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14426,"description":16626},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16632,"title":16633,"body":16634,"description":19083,"extension":1392,"meta":19084,"navigation":243,"path":19085,"seo":19086,"stem":19087,"__hash__":19088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16635,"toc":19039},[16636,16642,16648,16651,16654,16656,16738,16744,16749,16753,16771,16783,16788,16792,16815,16819,16831,16839,16841,16847,16849,16852,16927,16929,16974,16976,16993,16998,17004,17009,17083,17085,17130,17133,17144,17146,17265,17267,17320,17327,17331,17334,17351,17357,17361,17459,17461,17513,17520,17524,17530,17533,17536,17563,17568,17572,17575,17679,17681,17726,17729,17732,17737,17742,17753,17755,17816,17876,17882,17890,17896,17901,17906,17966,17970,18037,18040,18044,18115,18118,18131,18138,18140,18144,18148,18219,18221,18258,18261,18264,18327,18334,18337,18379,18389,18392,18461,18467,18472,18556,18558,18607,18614,18620,18665,18667,18700,18705,18709,18715,18754,18798,18866,18909,18911,18917,18920,18924,18929,18933,18936,18940,18942,19003,19005,19031,19036],[10,16637,10749,16639,18],{"id":16638},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16640,16641],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16643,16644,16647],{},[15,16645,16646],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16649,16650],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16652,16653],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[35,16655,1434],{"id":1433},[40,16657,16659],{"className":42,"code":16658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16660,16661,16694,16722,16733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16662,16663,16666,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16664,16665],{"class":55},"keys ",[49,16667,60],{"class":59},[49,16669,64],{"class":63},[49,16671,347],{"class":346},[49,16673,7103],{"class":350},[49,16675,347],{"class":346},[49,16677,71],{"class":63},[49,16679,357],{"class":346},[49,16681,8731],{"class":350},[49,16683,347],{"class":346},[49,16685,71],{"class":63},[49,16687,357],{"class":346},[49,16689,9841],{"class":350},[49,16691,347],{"class":346},[49,16693,82],{"class":63},[49,16695,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16718,16720],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16697,12624],{"class":55},[49,16699,60],{"class":59},[49,16701,8602],{"class":1174},[49,16703,91],{"class":63},[49,16705,16706],{"class":94},"fromkeys",[49,16708,108],{"class":63},[49,16710,16346],{"class":94},[49,16712,71],{"class":63},[49,16714,357],{"class":346},[49,16716,16717],{"class":350},"unknown",[49,16719,347],{"class":346},[49,16721,272],{"class":63},[49,16723,16724,16726,16728,16731],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,16725,105],{"class":104},[49,16727,108],{"class":63},[49,16729,16730],{"class":94},"person",[49,16732,272],{"class":63},[49,16734,16735],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,16736,16737],{"class":116},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16739,120,16740,16743],{},[15,16741,16742],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[35,16745,127,16747,130],{"id":16746},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16748,16646],{},[20,16750,16751,135],{},[15,16752,16646],{},[137,16754,16755,16758,16761,16764],{},[140,16756,16757],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[140,16759,16760],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[140,16762,16763],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[140,16765,16766,16767,16770],{},"Is called as ",[15,16768,16769],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16772,16773,16774,16776,16777,16779,16780,91],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16775,8252],{},", so you write ",[15,16778,16769],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16781,16782],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16784,16785,16786,91],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[308,16787,8587],{"href":12442},[35,16789,16791],{"id":16790},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[40,16793,16795],{"className":42,"code":16794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16796,16797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16798,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16800,8252],{"class":1174},[49,16802,91],{"class":63},[49,16804,16706],{"class":94},[49,16806,108],{"class":63},[49,16808,3151],{"class":94},[49,16810,71],{"class":63},[49,16812,7864],{"class":94},[49,16814,272],{"class":63},[528,16816,16818],{"id":16817},"parameters","Parameters",[137,16820,16821,16826],{},[140,16822,16823,16825],{},[15,16824,3151],{},": the keys to use",[140,16827,16828,16830],{},[15,16829,1904],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16832,16833,16834,16836,16837,91],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16835,1904],{},", each key gets ",[15,16838,323],{},[528,16840,315],{"id":314},[20,16842,16843,16844,91],{},"It returns a ",[30,16845,16846],{},"new dictionary",[35,16848,5220],{"id":5219},[20,16850,16851],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[40,16853,16855],{"className":42,"code":16854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16856,16857,16890,16912,16916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16858,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16860,16665],{"class":55},[49,16862,60],{"class":59},[49,16864,64],{"class":63},[49,16866,347],{"class":346},[49,16868,12512],{"class":350},[49,16870,347],{"class":346},[49,16872,71],{"class":63},[49,16874,357],{"class":346},[49,16876,16877],{"class":350},"green",[49,16879,347],{"class":346},[49,16881,71],{"class":63},[49,16883,357],{"class":346},[49,16885,12529],{"class":350},[49,16887,347],{"class":346},[49,16889,82],{"class":63},[49,16891,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,16893,12495],{"class":55},[49,16895,60],{"class":59},[49,16897,8602],{"class":1174},[49,16899,91],{"class":63},[49,16901,16706],{"class":94},[49,16903,108],{"class":63},[49,16905,16346],{"class":94},[49,16907,71],{"class":63},[49,16909,3263],{"class":67},[49,16911,272],{"class":63},[49,16913,16914],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,16915,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,16917,16918,16920,16922,16925],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,16919,105],{"class":104},[49,16921,108],{"class":63},[49,16923,16924],{"class":94},"colors",[49,16926,272],{"class":63},[20,16928,275],{},[40,16930,16932],{"className":42,"code":16931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16933,16934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16935,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16937,8710],{"class":63},[49,16939,2734],{"class":346},[49,16941,12512],{"class":350},[49,16943,2734],{"class":346},[49,16945,135],{"class":63},[49,16947,3263],{"class":67},[49,16949,71],{"class":63},[49,16951,2729],{"class":346},[49,16953,16877],{"class":350},[49,16955,2734],{"class":346},[49,16957,135],{"class":63},[49,16959,3263],{"class":67},[49,16961,71],{"class":63},[49,16963,2729],{"class":346},[49,16965,12529],{"class":350},[49,16967,2734],{"class":346},[49,16969,135],{"class":63},[49,16971,3263],{"class":67},[49,16973,8741],{"class":63},[20,16975,287],{},[137,16977,16978,16983,16988],{},[140,16979,16980,16982],{},[15,16981,16346],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[140,16984,16985,16987],{},[15,16986,1552],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[140,16989,16990,16992],{},[15,16991,16646],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,16994,16995,16996,91],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[308,16997,8824],{"href":12445},[35,16999,1092,17001,17003],{"id":17000},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17002,16641],{}," without a value",[20,17005,17006,17007,91],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17008,323],{},[40,17010,17012],{"className":42,"code":17011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17013,17014,17048,17068,17072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17015,17016,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17044,17046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17017,17018],{"class":55},"fields ",[49,17020,60],{"class":59},[49,17022,64],{"class":63},[49,17024,347],{"class":346},[49,17026,7417],{"class":350},[49,17028,347],{"class":346},[49,17030,71],{"class":63},[49,17032,357],{"class":346},[49,17034,14680],{"class":350},[49,17036,347],{"class":346},[49,17038,71],{"class":63},[49,17040,357],{"class":346},[49,17042,17043],{"class":350},"password",[49,17045,347],{"class":346},[49,17047,82],{"class":63},[49,17049,17050,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17066],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17051,17052],{"class":55},"user_data ",[49,17054,60],{"class":59},[49,17056,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17058,91],{"class":63},[49,17060,16706],{"class":94},[49,17062,108],{"class":63},[49,17064,17065],{"class":94},"fields",[49,17067,272],{"class":63},[49,17069,17070],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,17071,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17073,17074,17076,17078,17081],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,17075,105],{"class":104},[49,17077,108],{"class":63},[49,17079,17080],{"class":94},"user_data",[49,17082,272],{"class":63},[20,17084,275],{},[40,17086,17088],{"className":42,"code":17087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17089,17090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17093,8710],{"class":63},[49,17095,2734],{"class":346},[49,17097,7417],{"class":350},[49,17099,2734],{"class":346},[49,17101,135],{"class":63},[49,17103,3282],{"class":3281},[49,17105,71],{"class":63},[49,17107,2729],{"class":346},[49,17109,14680],{"class":350},[49,17111,2734],{"class":346},[49,17113,135],{"class":63},[49,17115,3282],{"class":3281},[49,17117,71],{"class":63},[49,17119,2729],{"class":346},[49,17121,17043],{"class":350},[49,17123,2734],{"class":346},[49,17125,135],{"class":63},[49,17127,3282],{"class":3281},[49,17129,8741],{"class":63},[20,17131,17132],{},"This is useful when:",[137,17134,17135,17138,17141],{},[140,17136,17137],{},"You want to create the keys first",[140,17139,17140],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[140,17142,17143],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17145,761],{},[40,17147,17149],{"className":42,"code":17148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17150,17151,17183,17201,17205,17228,17251,17255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17152,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17154,17018],{"class":55},[49,17156,60],{"class":59},[49,17158,64],{"class":63},[49,17160,347],{"class":346},[49,17162,7417],{"class":350},[49,17164,347],{"class":346},[49,17166,71],{"class":63},[49,17168,357],{"class":346},[49,17170,14680],{"class":350},[49,17172,347],{"class":346},[49,17174,71],{"class":63},[49,17176,357],{"class":346},[49,17178,17043],{"class":350},[49,17180,347],{"class":346},[49,17182,82],{"class":63},[49,17184,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17186,17052],{"class":55},[49,17188,60],{"class":59},[49,17190,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17192,91],{"class":63},[49,17194,16706],{"class":94},[49,17196,108],{"class":63},[49,17198,17065],{"class":94},[49,17200,272],{"class":63},[49,17202,17203],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,17204,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17206,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17226],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,17208,17080],{"class":55},[49,17210,938],{"class":63},[49,17212,347],{"class":346},[49,17214,7417],{"class":350},[49,17216,347],{"class":346},[49,17218,12693],{"class":63},[49,17220,12696],{"class":59},[49,17222,357],{"class":346},[49,17224,17225],{"class":350},"alice",[49,17227,1124],{"class":346},[49,17229,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17249],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,17231,17080],{"class":55},[49,17233,938],{"class":63},[49,17235,347],{"class":346},[49,17237,14680],{"class":350},[49,17239,347],{"class":346},[49,17241,12693],{"class":63},[49,17243,12696],{"class":59},[49,17245,357],{"class":346},[49,17247,17248],{"class":350},"alice@example.com",[49,17250,1124],{"class":346},[49,17252,17253],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,17254,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17256,17257,17259,17261,17263],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,17258,105],{"class":104},[49,17260,108],{"class":63},[49,17262,17080],{"class":94},[49,17264,272],{"class":63},[20,17266,275],{},[40,17268,17270],{"className":42,"code":17269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17271,17272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17273,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17275,8710],{"class":63},[49,17277,2734],{"class":346},[49,17279,7417],{"class":350},[49,17281,2734],{"class":346},[49,17283,135],{"class":63},[49,17285,2729],{"class":346},[49,17287,17225],{"class":350},[49,17289,2734],{"class":346},[49,17291,71],{"class":63},[49,17293,2729],{"class":346},[49,17295,14680],{"class":350},[49,17297,2734],{"class":346},[49,17299,135],{"class":63},[49,17301,2729],{"class":346},[49,17303,17248],{"class":350},[49,17305,2734],{"class":346},[49,17307,71],{"class":63},[49,17309,2729],{"class":346},[49,17311,17043],{"class":350},[49,17313,2734],{"class":346},[49,17315,135],{"class":63},[49,17317,3282],{"class":3281},[49,17319,8741],{"class":63},[20,17321,17322,17323,91],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[308,17324,17326],{"href":17325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[35,17328,17330],{"id":17329},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17332,17333],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[137,17335,17336,17341,17346],{},[140,17337,17338,17340],{},[15,17339,151],{}," (list)",[140,17342,17343,17345],{},[15,17344,3221],{}," (dictionary)",[140,17347,17348,17350],{},[15,17349,3226],{}," (set)",[20,17352,17353,17354,91],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17355,17356],{},"same object",[528,17358,17360],{"id":17359},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[40,17362,17364],{"className":42,"code":17363,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17365,17366,17398,17419,17423,17445,17449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17367,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17369,16665],{"class":55},[49,17371,60],{"class":59},[49,17373,64],{"class":63},[49,17375,347],{"class":346},[49,17377,308],{"class":350},[49,17379,347],{"class":346},[49,17381,71],{"class":63},[49,17383,357],{"class":346},[49,17385,360],{"class":350},[49,17387,347],{"class":346},[49,17389,71],{"class":63},[49,17391,357],{"class":346},[49,17393,369],{"class":350},[49,17395,347],{"class":346},[49,17397,82],{"class":63},[49,17399,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17401,8597],{"class":55},[49,17403,60],{"class":59},[49,17405,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17407,91],{"class":63},[49,17409,16706],{"class":94},[49,17411,108],{"class":63},[49,17413,16346],{"class":94},[49,17415,71],{"class":63},[49,17417,17418],{"class":63}," [])\n",[49,17420,17421],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,17422,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17424,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,17426,8636],{"class":55},[49,17428,938],{"class":63},[49,17430,347],{"class":346},[49,17432,308],{"class":350},[49,17434,347],{"class":346},[49,17436,12970],{"class":63},[49,17438,12973],{"class":94},[49,17440,108],{"class":63},[49,17442,68],{"class":67},[49,17444,272],{"class":63},[49,17446,17447],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,17448,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17450,17451,17453,17455,17457],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,17452,105],{"class":104},[49,17454,108],{"class":63},[49,17456,8636],{"class":94},[49,17458,272],{"class":63},[20,17460,275],{},[40,17462,17464],{"className":42,"code":17463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17465,17466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17469,8710],{"class":63},[49,17471,2734],{"class":346},[49,17473,308],{"class":350},[49,17475,2734],{"class":346},[49,17477,135],{"class":63},[49,17479,64],{"class":63},[49,17481,68],{"class":67},[49,17483,17484],{"class":63},"],",[49,17486,2729],{"class":346},[49,17488,360],{"class":350},[49,17490,2734],{"class":346},[49,17492,135],{"class":63},[49,17494,64],{"class":63},[49,17496,68],{"class":67},[49,17498,17484],{"class":63},[49,17500,2729],{"class":346},[49,17502,369],{"class":350},[49,17504,2734],{"class":346},[49,17506,135],{"class":63},[49,17508,64],{"class":63},[49,17510,68],{"class":67},[49,17512,13126],{"class":63},[20,17514,17515,17516,17519],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17517,17518],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[528,17521,17523],{"id":17522},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17525,17526,17529],{},[15,17527,17528],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17531,17532],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17534,17535],{},"So this:",[40,17537,17539],{"className":42,"code":17538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17540,17541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17542,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17544,8636],{"class":55},[49,17546,938],{"class":63},[49,17548,347],{"class":346},[49,17550,308],{"class":350},[49,17552,347],{"class":346},[49,17554,12970],{"class":63},[49,17556,12973],{"class":94},[49,17558,108],{"class":63},[49,17560,68],{"class":67},[49,17562,272],{"class":63},[20,17564,17565,17566,91],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17567,17518],{},[528,17569,17571],{"id":17570},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17573,17574],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[40,17576,17578],{"className":42,"code":17577,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17579,17580,17612,17639,17643,17665,17669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17581,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17583,16665],{"class":55},[49,17585,60],{"class":59},[49,17587,64],{"class":63},[49,17589,347],{"class":346},[49,17591,308],{"class":350},[49,17593,347],{"class":346},[49,17595,71],{"class":63},[49,17597,357],{"class":346},[49,17599,360],{"class":350},[49,17601,347],{"class":346},[49,17603,71],{"class":63},[49,17605,357],{"class":346},[49,17607,369],{"class":350},[49,17609,347],{"class":346},[49,17611,82],{"class":63},[49,17613,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17627,17629,17632,17634,17637],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17615,8597],{"class":55},[49,17617,60],{"class":59},[49,17619,9923],{"class":63},[49,17621,14262],{"class":55},[49,17623,135],{"class":63},[49,17625,17626],{"class":63}," []",[49,17628,3307],{"class":3306},[49,17630,17631],{"class":55}," key ",[49,17633,3313],{"class":3306},[49,17635,17636],{"class":55}," keys",[49,17638,8741],{"class":63},[49,17640,17641],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,17642,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17644,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,17646,8636],{"class":55},[49,17648,938],{"class":63},[49,17650,347],{"class":346},[49,17652,308],{"class":350},[49,17654,347],{"class":346},[49,17656,12970],{"class":63},[49,17658,12973],{"class":94},[49,17660,108],{"class":63},[49,17662,68],{"class":67},[49,17664,272],{"class":63},[49,17666,17667],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,17668,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,17670,17671,17673,17675,17677],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,17672,105],{"class":104},[49,17674,108],{"class":63},[49,17676,8636],{"class":94},[49,17678,272],{"class":63},[20,17680,275],{},[40,17682,17684],{"className":42,"code":17683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17685,17686],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17687,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17689,8710],{"class":63},[49,17691,2734],{"class":346},[49,17693,308],{"class":350},[49,17695,2734],{"class":346},[49,17697,135],{"class":63},[49,17699,64],{"class":63},[49,17701,68],{"class":67},[49,17703,17484],{"class":63},[49,17705,2729],{"class":346},[49,17707,360],{"class":350},[49,17709,2734],{"class":346},[49,17711,135],{"class":63},[49,17713,17714],{"class":63}," [],",[49,17716,2729],{"class":346},[49,17718,369],{"class":350},[49,17720,2734],{"class":346},[49,17722,135],{"class":63},[49,17724,17725],{"class":63}," []}\n",[20,17727,17728],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17730,17731],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[35,17733,740,17735],{"id":17734},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17736,16641],{},[20,17738,17739,17741],{},[15,17740,16646],{}," is a good choice when:",[137,17743,17744,17747,17750],{},[140,17745,17746],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[140,17748,17749],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[140,17751,17752],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17754,1558],{},[40,17756,17758],{"className":42,"code":17757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17759,17760,17805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17761,17762,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17797,17799,17801,17803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17763,17764],{"class":55},"flags ",[49,17766,60],{"class":59},[49,17768,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17770,91],{"class":63},[49,17772,16706],{"class":94},[49,17774,2418],{"class":63},[49,17776,347],{"class":346},[49,17778,17779],{"class":350},"is_admin",[49,17781,347],{"class":346},[49,17783,71],{"class":63},[49,17785,357],{"class":346},[49,17787,14500],{"class":350},[49,17789,347],{"class":346},[49,17791,71],{"class":63},[49,17793,357],{"class":346},[49,17795,17796],{"class":350},"is_verified",[49,17798,347],{"class":346},[49,17800,17484],{"class":63},[49,17802,3337],{"class":3281},[49,17804,272],{"class":63},[49,17806,17807,17809,17811,17814],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17808,105],{"class":104},[49,17810,108],{"class":63},[49,17812,17813],{"class":94},"flags",[49,17815,272],{"class":63},[40,17817,17819],{"className":42,"code":17818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17820,17821,17866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17822,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17840,17842,17844,17846,17849,17851,17853,17855,17858,17860,17862,17864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17824,4494],{"class":55},[49,17826,60],{"class":59},[49,17828,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17830,91],{"class":63},[49,17832,16706],{"class":94},[49,17834,2418],{"class":63},[49,17836,347],{"class":346},[49,17838,17839],{"class":350},"math",[49,17841,347],{"class":346},[49,17843,71],{"class":63},[49,17845,357],{"class":346},[49,17847,17848],{"class":350},"science",[49,17850,347],{"class":346},[49,17852,71],{"class":63},[49,17854,357],{"class":346},[49,17856,17857],{"class":350},"history",[49,17859,347],{"class":346},[49,17861,17484],{"class":63},[49,17863,3263],{"class":67},[49,17865,272],{"class":63},[49,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17869,105],{"class":104},[49,17871,108],{"class":63},[49,17873,15811],{"class":94},[49,17875,272],{"class":63},[20,17877,17878,17879,17881],{},"It is ",[30,17880,329],{}," the best choice when:",[137,17883,17884,17887],{},[140,17885,17886],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[140,17888,17889],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[35,17891,17893,17895],{"id":17892},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17894,16641],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17897,17898,17900],{},[15,17899,16641],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[528,17902,1092,17904],{"id":17903},"using-fromkeys",[15,17905,16641],{},[40,17907,17909],{"className":42,"code":17908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17910,17911,17956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17912,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17930,17932,17934,17936,17939,17941,17943,17945,17948,17950,17952,17954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17914,13246],{"class":55},[49,17916,60],{"class":59},[49,17918,8602],{"class":1174},[49,17920,91],{"class":63},[49,17922,16706],{"class":94},[49,17924,2418],{"class":63},[49,17926,347],{"class":346},[49,17928,17929],{"class":350},"sound",[49,17931,347],{"class":346},[49,17933,71],{"class":63},[49,17935,357],{"class":346},[49,17937,17938],{"class":350},"music",[49,17940,347],{"class":346},[49,17942,71],{"class":63},[49,17944,357],{"class":346},[49,17946,17947],{"class":350},"notifications",[49,17949,347],{"class":346},[49,17951,17484],{"class":63},[49,17953,3346],{"class":3281},[49,17955,272],{"class":63},[49,17957,17958,17960,17962,17964],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17959,105],{"class":104},[49,17961,108],{"class":63},[49,17963,13305],{"class":94},[49,17965,272],{"class":63},[528,17967,17969],{"id":17968},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[40,17971,17973],{"className":42,"code":17972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17974,17975,17983,17997,18011,18023,18027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17976,17977,17979,17981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17978,13246],{"class":55},[49,17980,60],{"class":59},[49,17982,10917],{"class":63},[49,17984,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,17986,10922],{"class":346},[49,17988,17929],{"class":350},[49,17990,347],{"class":346},[49,17992,135],{"class":63},[49,17994,3346],{"class":3281},[49,17996,10938],{"class":63},[49,17998,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18000,10922],{"class":346},[49,18002,17938],{"class":350},[49,18004,347],{"class":346},[49,18006,135],{"class":63},[49,18008,3337],{"class":3281},[49,18010,10938],{"class":63},[49,18012,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,18014,10922],{"class":346},[49,18016,17947],{"class":350},[49,18018,347],{"class":346},[49,18020,135],{"class":63},[49,18022,5855],{"class":3281},[49,18024,18025],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,18026,8741],{"class":63},[49,18028,18029,18031,18033,18035],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,18030,105],{"class":104},[49,18032,108],{"class":63},[49,18034,13305],{"class":94},[49,18036,272],{"class":63},[20,18038,18039],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[528,18041,18043],{"id":18042},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[40,18045,18047],{"className":42,"code":18046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18048,18049,18081,18105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18050,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18052,16665],{"class":55},[49,18054,60],{"class":59},[49,18056,64],{"class":63},[49,18058,347],{"class":346},[49,18060,308],{"class":350},[49,18062,347],{"class":346},[49,18064,71],{"class":63},[49,18066,357],{"class":346},[49,18068,360],{"class":350},[49,18070,347],{"class":346},[49,18072,71],{"class":63},[49,18074,357],{"class":346},[49,18076,369],{"class":350},[49,18078,347],{"class":346},[49,18080,82],{"class":63},[49,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18084,8597],{"class":55},[49,18086,60],{"class":59},[49,18088,9923],{"class":63},[49,18090,14262],{"class":55},[49,18092,135],{"class":63},[49,18094,17626],{"class":63},[49,18096,3307],{"class":3306},[49,18098,17631],{"class":55},[49,18100,3313],{"class":3306},[49,18102,17636],{"class":55},[49,18104,8741],{"class":63},[49,18106,18107,18109,18111,18113],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18108,105],{"class":104},[49,18110,108],{"class":63},[49,18112,8636],{"class":94},[49,18114,272],{"class":63},[20,18116,18117],{},"Use:",[137,18119,18120,18125,18128],{},[140,18121,18122,18124],{},[15,18123,16641],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[140,18126,18127],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[140,18129,18130],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18132,18133,18134,91],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[308,18135,10169,18136,736],{"href":13453},[15,18137,14375],{},[35,18139,2261],{"id":2260},[20,18141,14154,18142,91],{},[15,18143,16646],{},[528,18145,18147],{"id":18146},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[40,18149,18151],{"className":42,"code":18150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18152,18153,18186,18209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18154,18155,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18156,18157],{"class":55},"d ",[49,18159,60],{"class":59},[49,18161,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18163,91],{"class":63},[49,18165,16706],{"class":94},[49,18167,2418],{"class":63},[49,18169,347],{"class":346},[49,18171,308],{"class":350},[49,18173,347],{"class":346},[49,18175,71],{"class":63},[49,18177,357],{"class":346},[49,18179,360],{"class":350},[49,18181,347],{"class":346},[49,18183,17484],{"class":63},[49,18185,17418],{"class":63},[49,18187,18188,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18189,18190],{"class":55},"d",[49,18192,938],{"class":63},[49,18194,347],{"class":346},[49,18196,308],{"class":350},[49,18198,347],{"class":346},[49,18200,12970],{"class":63},[49,18202,12973],{"class":94},[49,18204,108],{"class":63},[49,18206,68],{"class":67},[49,18208,272],{"class":63},[49,18210,18211,18213,18215,18217],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18212,105],{"class":104},[49,18214,108],{"class":63},[49,18216,18190],{"class":94},[49,18218,272],{"class":63},[20,18220,275],{},[40,18222,18224],{"className":42,"code":18223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18225,18226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18227,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18229,8710],{"class":63},[49,18231,2734],{"class":346},[49,18233,308],{"class":350},[49,18235,2734],{"class":346},[49,18237,135],{"class":63},[49,18239,64],{"class":63},[49,18241,68],{"class":67},[49,18243,17484],{"class":63},[49,18245,2729],{"class":346},[49,18247,360],{"class":350},[49,18249,2734],{"class":346},[49,18251,135],{"class":63},[49,18253,64],{"class":63},[49,18255,68],{"class":67},[49,18257,13126],{"class":63},[20,18259,18260],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18262,18263],{},"Use this instead:",[40,18265,18267],{"className":42,"code":18266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18268,18269,18293,18317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18270,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18272,16665],{"class":55},[49,18274,60],{"class":59},[49,18276,64],{"class":63},[49,18278,347],{"class":346},[49,18280,308],{"class":350},[49,18282,347],{"class":346},[49,18284,71],{"class":63},[49,18286,357],{"class":346},[49,18288,360],{"class":350},[49,18290,347],{"class":346},[49,18292,82],{"class":63},[49,18294,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18296,18157],{"class":55},[49,18298,60],{"class":59},[49,18300,9923],{"class":63},[49,18302,14262],{"class":55},[49,18304,135],{"class":63},[49,18306,17626],{"class":63},[49,18308,3307],{"class":3306},[49,18310,17631],{"class":55},[49,18312,3313],{"class":3306},[49,18314,17636],{"class":55},[49,18316,8741],{"class":63},[49,18318,18319,18321,18323,18325],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18320,105],{"class":104},[49,18322,108],{"class":63},[49,18324,18190],{"class":94},[49,18326,272],{"class":63},[528,18328,18330,18331,18333],{"id":18329},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18332,16641],{}," on a list",[20,18335,18336],{},"Wrong idea:",[40,18338,18340],{"className":42,"code":18339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18341,18342,18374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18343,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18345,16665],{"class":55},[49,18347,60],{"class":59},[49,18349,64],{"class":63},[49,18351,347],{"class":346},[49,18353,308],{"class":350},[49,18355,347],{"class":346},[49,18357,71],{"class":63},[49,18359,357],{"class":346},[49,18361,360],{"class":350},[49,18363,347],{"class":346},[49,18365,71],{"class":63},[49,18367,357],{"class":346},[49,18369,369],{"class":350},[49,18371,347],{"class":346},[49,18373,82],{"class":63},[49,18375,18376],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18377,18378],{"class":116},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18380,18381,18383,18384,18386,18387,91],{},[15,18382,16641],{}," belongs to ",[15,18385,8252],{},", not ",[15,18388,7526],{},[20,18390,18391],{},"Correct usage:",[40,18393,18395],{"className":42,"code":18394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18396,18397,18429,18451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18398,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18400,16665],{"class":55},[49,18402,60],{"class":59},[49,18404,64],{"class":63},[49,18406,347],{"class":346},[49,18408,308],{"class":350},[49,18410,347],{"class":346},[49,18412,71],{"class":63},[49,18414,357],{"class":346},[49,18416,360],{"class":350},[49,18418,347],{"class":346},[49,18420,71],{"class":63},[49,18422,357],{"class":346},[49,18424,369],{"class":350},[49,18426,347],{"class":346},[49,18428,82],{"class":63},[49,18430,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18432,18157],{"class":55},[49,18434,60],{"class":59},[49,18436,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18438,91],{"class":63},[49,18440,16706],{"class":94},[49,18442,108],{"class":63},[49,18444,16346],{"class":94},[49,18446,71],{"class":63},[49,18448,3263],{"class":67},[49,18450,272],{"class":63},[49,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18454,105],{"class":104},[49,18456,108],{"class":63},[49,18458,18190],{"class":94},[49,18460,272],{"class":63},[528,18462,1011,18464,18466],{"id":18463},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18465,16641],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18468,18469,18471],{},[15,18470,16646],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[40,18473,18475],{"className":42,"code":18474,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18476,18477,18497,18531,18535,18545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18478,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18480,11509],{"class":55},[49,18482,60],{"class":59},[49,18484,9923],{"class":63},[49,18486,347],{"class":346},[49,18488,1606],{"class":350},[49,18490,347],{"class":346},[49,18492,135],{"class":63},[49,18494,4930],{"class":67},[49,18496,8741],{"class":63},[49,18498,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18500,12457],{"class":55},[49,18502,60],{"class":59},[49,18504,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18506,91],{"class":63},[49,18508,16706],{"class":94},[49,18510,2418],{"class":63},[49,18512,347],{"class":346},[49,18514,308],{"class":350},[49,18516,347],{"class":346},[49,18518,71],{"class":63},[49,18520,357],{"class":346},[49,18522,360],{"class":350},[49,18524,347],{"class":346},[49,18526,17484],{"class":63},[49,18528,3263],{"class":67},[49,18530,272],{"class":63},[49,18532,18533],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18534,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,18536,18537,18539,18541,18543],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,18538,105],{"class":104},[49,18540,108],{"class":63},[49,18542,11556],{"class":94},[49,18544,272],{"class":63},[49,18546,18547,18549,18551,18554],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,18548,105],{"class":104},[49,18550,108],{"class":63},[49,18552,18553],{"class":94},"new_dict",[49,18555,272],{"class":63},[20,18557,275],{},[40,18559,18561],{"className":42,"code":18560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18562,18563,18579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18564,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18566,8710],{"class":63},[49,18568,2734],{"class":346},[49,18570,1606],{"class":350},[49,18572,2734],{"class":346},[49,18574,135],{"class":63},[49,18576,4930],{"class":67},[49,18578,8741],{"class":63},[49,18580,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18582,8710],{"class":63},[49,18584,2734],{"class":346},[49,18586,308],{"class":350},[49,18588,2734],{"class":346},[49,18590,135],{"class":63},[49,18592,3263],{"class":67},[49,18594,71],{"class":63},[49,18596,2729],{"class":346},[49,18598,360],{"class":350},[49,18600,2734],{"class":346},[49,18602,135],{"class":63},[49,18604,3263],{"class":67},[49,18606,8741],{"class":63},[20,18608,18609,18610,91],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[308,18611,10169,18612,736],{"href":13453},[15,18613,14375],{},[528,18615,18617,18618],{"id":18616},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18619,323],{},[40,18621,18623],{"className":42,"code":18622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18624,18625,18655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18626,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18628,18157],{"class":55},[49,18630,60],{"class":59},[49,18632,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18634,91],{"class":63},[49,18636,16706],{"class":94},[49,18638,2418],{"class":63},[49,18640,347],{"class":346},[49,18642,1606],{"class":350},[49,18644,347],{"class":346},[49,18646,71],{"class":63},[49,18648,357],{"class":346},[49,18650,11169],{"class":350},[49,18652,347],{"class":346},[49,18654,3319],{"class":63},[49,18656,18657,18659,18661,18663],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18658,105],{"class":104},[49,18660,108],{"class":63},[49,18662,18190],{"class":94},[49,18664,272],{"class":63},[20,18666,275],{},[40,18668,18670],{"className":42,"code":18669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18671,18672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18673,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18675,8710],{"class":63},[49,18677,2734],{"class":346},[49,18679,1606],{"class":350},[49,18681,2734],{"class":346},[49,18683,135],{"class":63},[49,18685,3282],{"class":3281},[49,18687,71],{"class":63},[49,18689,2729],{"class":346},[49,18691,11169],{"class":350},[49,18693,2734],{"class":346},[49,18695,135],{"class":63},[49,18697,3282],{"class":3281},[49,18699,8741],{"class":63},[20,18701,18702,18703,91],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18704,323],{},[35,18706,18708],{"id":18707},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18710,18711,18712,18714],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18713,16641],{}," works.",[40,18716,18718],{"className":42,"code":18717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18719,18720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18723,105],{"class":104},[49,18725,108],{"class":63},[49,18727,8252],{"class":1174},[49,18729,91],{"class":63},[49,18731,16706],{"class":94},[49,18733,2418],{"class":63},[49,18735,347],{"class":346},[49,18737,308],{"class":350},[49,18739,347],{"class":346},[49,18741,71],{"class":63},[49,18743,357],{"class":346},[49,18745,360],{"class":350},[49,18747,347],{"class":346},[49,18749,17484],{"class":63},[49,18751,3263],{"class":67},[49,18753,1182],{"class":63},[40,18755,18756],{"className":42,"code":18622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,18757,18758,18788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18759,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18761,18157],{"class":55},[49,18763,60],{"class":59},[49,18765,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18767,91],{"class":63},[49,18769,16706],{"class":94},[49,18771,2418],{"class":63},[49,18773,347],{"class":346},[49,18775,1606],{"class":350},[49,18777,347],{"class":346},[49,18779,71],{"class":63},[49,18781,357],{"class":346},[49,18783,11169],{"class":350},[49,18785,347],{"class":346},[49,18787,3319],{"class":63},[49,18789,18790,18792,18794,18796],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18791,105],{"class":104},[49,18793,108],{"class":63},[49,18795,18190],{"class":94},[49,18797,272],{"class":63},[40,18799,18800],{"className":42,"code":18150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,18801,18802,18834,18856],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18803,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18805,18157],{"class":55},[49,18807,60],{"class":59},[49,18809,8602],{"class":1174},[49,18811,91],{"class":63},[49,18813,16706],{"class":94},[49,18815,2418],{"class":63},[49,18817,347],{"class":346},[49,18819,308],{"class":350},[49,18821,347],{"class":346},[49,18823,71],{"class":63},[49,18825,357],{"class":346},[49,18827,360],{"class":350},[49,18829,347],{"class":346},[49,18831,17484],{"class":63},[49,18833,17418],{"class":63},[49,18835,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18837,18190],{"class":55},[49,18839,938],{"class":63},[49,18841,347],{"class":346},[49,18843,308],{"class":350},[49,18845,347],{"class":346},[49,18847,12970],{"class":63},[49,18849,12973],{"class":94},[49,18851,108],{"class":63},[49,18853,68],{"class":67},[49,18855,272],{"class":63},[49,18857,18858,18860,18862,18864],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,18859,105],{"class":104},[49,18861,108],{"class":63},[49,18863,18190],{"class":94},[49,18865,272],{"class":63},[40,18867,18869],{"className":42,"code":18868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18870,18871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18872,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18874,105],{"class":104},[49,18876,108],{"class":63},[49,18878,1175],{"class":1174},[49,18880,108],{"class":63},[49,18882,8252],{"class":1174},[49,18884,91],{"class":63},[49,18886,16706],{"class":94},[49,18888,2418],{"class":63},[49,18890,68],{"class":67},[49,18892,71],{"class":63},[49,18894,74],{"class":67},[49,18896,71],{"class":63},[49,18898,79],{"class":67},[49,18900,17484],{"class":63},[49,18902,357],{"class":346},[49,18904,1904],{"class":350},[49,18906,347],{"class":346},[49,18908,2344],{"class":63},[35,18910,1253],{"id":1252},[528,18912,1257,18914,18916],{"id":18913},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18915,16641],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18918,18919],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[528,18921,18923],{"id":18922},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18925,18926,18927,91],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18928,323],{},[528,18930,18932],{"id":18931},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18934,18935],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[528,18937,18939],{"id":18938},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18941,17574],{},[40,18943,18945],{"className":42,"code":18944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18946,18947,18979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18948,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18950,16665],{"class":55},[49,18952,60],{"class":59},[49,18954,64],{"class":63},[49,18956,347],{"class":346},[49,18958,308],{"class":350},[49,18960,347],{"class":346},[49,18962,71],{"class":63},[49,18964,357],{"class":346},[49,18966,360],{"class":350},[49,18968,347],{"class":346},[49,18970,71],{"class":63},[49,18972,357],{"class":346},[49,18974,369],{"class":350},[49,18976,347],{"class":346},[49,18978,82],{"class":63},[49,18980,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,18982,8597],{"class":55},[49,18984,60],{"class":59},[49,18986,9923],{"class":63},[49,18988,14262],{"class":55},[49,18990,135],{"class":63},[49,18992,17626],{"class":63},[49,18994,3307],{"class":3306},[49,18996,17631],{"class":55},[49,18998,3313],{"class":3306},[49,19000,17636],{"class":55},[49,19002,8741],{"class":63},[35,19004,1309],{"id":1308},[137,19006,19007,19011,19015,19019,19025],{},[140,19008,19009],{},[308,19010,10673],{"href":12445},[140,19012,19013],{},[308,19014,8587],{"href":12442},[140,19016,19017],{},[308,19018,10682],{"href":17325},[140,19020,19021],{},[308,19022,10169,19023,736],{"href":13453},[15,19024,14375],{},[140,19026,19027],{},[308,19028,10169,19029,736],{"href":14420},[15,19030,735],{},[20,19032,120,19033,19035],{},[15,19034,16646],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1352,19037,19038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":19040},[19041,19042,19044,19048,19049,19051,19056,19058,19065,19074,19075,19082],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":16746,"depth":85,"text":19043},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16790,"depth":85,"text":16791,"children":19045},[19046,19047],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":314,"depth":101,"text":315},{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":17000,"depth":85,"text":19050},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17329,"depth":85,"text":17330,"children":19052},[19053,19054,19055],{"id":17359,"depth":101,"text":17360},{"id":17522,"depth":101,"text":17523},{"id":17570,"depth":101,"text":17571},{"id":17734,"depth":85,"text":19057},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17892,"depth":85,"text":19059,"children":19060},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19061,19063,19064],{"id":17903,"depth":101,"text":19062},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17968,"depth":101,"text":17969},{"id":18042,"depth":101,"text":18043},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":19066},[19067,19068,19070,19072],{"id":18146,"depth":101,"text":18147},{"id":18329,"depth":101,"text":19069},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18463,"depth":101,"text":19071},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18616,"depth":101,"text":19073},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18707,"depth":85,"text":18708},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":19076},[19077,19079,19080,19081],{"id":18913,"depth":101,"text":19078},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18922,"depth":101,"text":18923},{"id":18931,"depth":101,"text":18932},{"id":18938,"depth":101,"text":18939},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16633,"description":19083},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19090,"title":19091,"body":19092,"description":20920,"extension":1392,"meta":20921,"navigation":243,"path":20922,"seo":20923,"stem":20924,"__hash__":20925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19093,"toc":20887},[19094,19099,19105,19116,19246,19253,19258,19262,19278,19280,19378,19381,19398,19402,19404,19409,19447,19450,19468,19470,19588,19593,19597,19613,19616,19752,19755,19760,19766,19769,19806,19809,19813,19818,19894,19898,19903,19985,19987,20003,20008,20012,20018,20087,20090,20107,20110,20192,20197,20200,20220,20224,20229,20235,20241,20311,20314,20320,20323,20397,20404,20410,20418,20428,20430,20525,20531,20536,20623,20629,20631,20636,20658,20661,20756,20759,20790,20803,20805,20813,20819,20825,20828,20834,20839,20846,20851,20853,20884],[10,19095,10749,19097,18],{"id":19096},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19098,10172],{},[20,19100,19101,19102,19104],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19103,10172],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19106,19107,19108,1622,19111,320,19113,19115],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19109,19110],{},"KeyError",[15,19112,10172],{},[15,19114,323],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[40,19117,19119],{"className":42,"code":19118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19120,19121,19157,19161,19187,19212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19122,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19124,12624],{"class":55},[49,19126,60],{"class":59},[49,19128,9923],{"class":63},[49,19130,347],{"class":346},[49,19132,7103],{"class":350},[49,19134,347],{"class":346},[49,19136,135],{"class":63},[49,19138,357],{"class":346},[49,19140,12299],{"class":350},[49,19142,347],{"class":346},[49,19144,71],{"class":63},[49,19146,357],{"class":346},[49,19148,8731],{"class":350},[49,19150,347],{"class":346},[49,19152,135],{"class":63},[49,19154,8738],{"class":67},[49,19156,8741],{"class":63},[49,19158,19159],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19160,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19162,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19164,105],{"class":104},[49,19166,108],{"class":63},[49,19168,16730],{"class":94},[49,19170,91],{"class":63},[49,19172,19173],{"class":94},"get",[49,19175,108],{"class":63},[49,19177,347],{"class":346},[49,19179,7103],{"class":350},[49,19181,347],{"class":346},[49,19183,4793],{"class":63},[49,19185,19186],{"class":116},"           # Ana\n",[49,19188,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19190,105],{"class":104},[49,19192,108],{"class":63},[49,19194,16730],{"class":94},[49,19196,91],{"class":63},[49,19198,19173],{"class":94},[49,19200,108],{"class":63},[49,19202,347],{"class":346},[49,19204,9841],{"class":350},[49,19206,347],{"class":346},[49,19208,4793],{"class":63},[49,19210,19211],{"class":116},"           # None\n",[49,19213,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19239,19241,19243],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,19215,105],{"class":104},[49,19217,108],{"class":63},[49,19219,16730],{"class":94},[49,19221,91],{"class":63},[49,19223,19173],{"class":94},[49,19225,108],{"class":63},[49,19227,347],{"class":346},[49,19229,9841],{"class":350},[49,19231,347],{"class":346},[49,19233,71],{"class":63},[49,19235,357],{"class":346},[49,19237,19238],{"class":350},"N\u002FA",[49,19240,347],{"class":346},[49,19242,4793],{"class":63},[49,19244,19245],{"class":116},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19247,120,19248,19250,19251,91],{},[15,19249,10172],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19252,19110],{},[35,19254,127,19256,130],{"id":19255},"what-get-does",[15,19257,10172],{},[20,19259,1409,19260,10840],{},[15,19261,10172],{},[137,19263,19264,19267,19272,19275],{},[140,19265,19266],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[140,19268,10851,19269,19271],{},[15,19270,323],{}," if the key does not exist",[140,19273,19274],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[140,19276,19277],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19279,761],{},[40,19281,19283],{"className":42,"code":19282,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19284,19285,19324,19328,19353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19306,19308,19310,19312,19315,19317,19319,19322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19288,12282],{"class":55},[49,19290,60],{"class":59},[49,19292,9923],{"class":63},[49,19294,347],{"class":346},[49,19296,7103],{"class":350},[49,19298,347],{"class":346},[49,19300,135],{"class":63},[49,19302,357],{"class":346},[49,19304,19305],{"class":350},"Lina",[49,19307,347],{"class":346},[49,19309,71],{"class":63},[49,19311,357],{"class":346},[49,19313,19314],{"class":350},"grade",[49,19316,347],{"class":346},[49,19318,135],{"class":63},[49,19320,19321],{"class":67}," 90",[49,19323,8741],{"class":63},[49,19325,19326],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19327,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19329,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19331,105],{"class":104},[49,19333,108],{"class":63},[49,19335,13046],{"class":94},[49,19337,91],{"class":63},[49,19339,19173],{"class":94},[49,19341,108],{"class":63},[49,19343,347],{"class":346},[49,19345,7103],{"class":350},[49,19347,347],{"class":346},[49,19349,4793],{"class":63},[49,19351,19352],{"class":116},"     # Lina\n",[49,19354,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19356,105],{"class":104},[49,19358,108],{"class":63},[49,19360,13046],{"class":94},[49,19362,91],{"class":63},[49,19364,19173],{"class":94},[49,19366,108],{"class":63},[49,19368,347],{"class":346},[49,19370,14680],{"class":350},[49,19372,347],{"class":346},[49,19374,4793],{"class":63},[49,19376,19377],{"class":116},"    # None\n",[20,19379,19380],{},"In this example:",[137,19382,19383,19388],{},[140,19384,19385,19387],{},[15,19386,14661],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[140,19389,19390,19393,19394,320,19396],{},[15,19391,19392],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19395,10172],{},[15,19397,323],{},[20,19399,12439,19400,91],{},[308,19401,8587],{"href":8586},[35,19403,164],{"id":163},[20,19405,19406,19407,135],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19408,10172],{},[40,19410,19412],{"className":42,"code":19411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19413,19414,19428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19415,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19417,15026],{"class":55},[49,19419,91],{"class":63},[49,19421,19173],{"class":94},[49,19423,108],{"class":63},[49,19425,14262],{"class":94},[49,19427,272],{"class":63},[49,19429,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19445],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19431,15026],{"class":55},[49,19433,91],{"class":63},[49,19435,19173],{"class":94},[49,19437,108],{"class":63},[49,19439,14262],{"class":94},[49,19441,71],{"class":63},[49,19443,19444],{"class":94}," default_value",[49,19446,272],{"class":63},[20,19448,19449],{},"What each part means:",[137,19451,19452,19457,19463],{},[140,19453,19454,19456],{},[15,19455,14262],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[140,19458,19459,19462],{},[15,19460,19461],{},"default_value"," is optional",[140,19464,19465,19466],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19467,323],{},[20,19469,761],{},[40,19471,19473],{"className":42,"code":19472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19474,19475,19499,19503,19528,19554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19476,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19478,13246],{"class":55},[49,19480,60],{"class":59},[49,19482,9923],{"class":63},[49,19484,347],{"class":346},[49,19486,11917],{"class":350},[49,19488,347],{"class":346},[49,19490,135],{"class":63},[49,19492,357],{"class":346},[49,19494,11926],{"class":350},[49,19496,347],{"class":346},[49,19498,8741],{"class":63},[49,19500,19501],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19502,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19504,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19506,105],{"class":104},[49,19508,108],{"class":63},[49,19510,13305],{"class":94},[49,19512,91],{"class":63},[49,19514,19173],{"class":94},[49,19516,108],{"class":63},[49,19518,347],{"class":346},[49,19520,11917],{"class":350},[49,19522,347],{"class":346},[49,19524,4793],{"class":63},[49,19526,19527],{"class":116},"            # dark\n",[49,19529,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19547,19549,19551],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19531,105],{"class":104},[49,19533,108],{"class":63},[49,19535,13305],{"class":94},[49,19537,91],{"class":63},[49,19539,19173],{"class":94},[49,19541,108],{"class":63},[49,19543,347],{"class":346},[49,19545,19546],{"class":350},"language",[49,19548,347],{"class":346},[49,19550,4793],{"class":63},[49,19552,19553],{"class":116},"         # None\n",[49,19555,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19581,19583,19585],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,19557,105],{"class":104},[49,19559,108],{"class":63},[49,19561,13305],{"class":94},[49,19563,91],{"class":63},[49,19565,19173],{"class":94},[49,19567,108],{"class":63},[49,19569,347],{"class":346},[49,19571,19546],{"class":350},[49,19573,347],{"class":346},[49,19575,71],{"class":63},[49,19577,357],{"class":346},[49,19579,19580],{"class":350},"en",[49,19582,347],{"class":346},[49,19584,4793],{"class":63},[49,19586,19587],{"class":116},"   # en\n",[35,19589,740,19591],{"id":19590},"when-to-use-get",[15,19592,10172],{},[20,19594,120,19595,10033],{},[15,19596,10172],{},[137,19598,19599,19602,19607,19610],{},[140,19600,19601],{},"A key might not exist",[140,19603,19604,19605],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19606,19110],{},[140,19608,19609],{},"You are reading optional data",[140,19611,19612],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19614,19615],{},"Example with optional user data:",[40,19617,19619],{"className":42,"code":19618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19620,19621,19663,19667,19692,19718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19622,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19659,19661],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19624,10912],{"class":55},[49,19626,60],{"class":59},[49,19628,9923],{"class":63},[49,19630,347],{"class":346},[49,19632,7417],{"class":350},[49,19634,347],{"class":346},[49,19636,135],{"class":63},[49,19638,357],{"class":346},[49,19640,19641],{"class":350},"sam",[49,19643,347],{"class":346},[49,19645,71],{"class":63},[49,19647,357],{"class":346},[49,19649,14680],{"class":350},[49,19651,347],{"class":346},[49,19653,135],{"class":63},[49,19655,357],{"class":346},[49,19657,19658],{"class":350},"sam@example.com",[49,19660,347],{"class":346},[49,19662,8741],{"class":63},[49,19664,19665],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19666,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19668,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19670,105],{"class":104},[49,19672,108],{"class":63},[49,19674,11006],{"class":94},[49,19676,91],{"class":63},[49,19678,19173],{"class":94},[49,19680,108],{"class":63},[49,19682,347],{"class":346},[49,19684,7417],{"class":350},[49,19686,347],{"class":346},[49,19688,4793],{"class":63},[49,19690,19691],{"class":116},"              # sam\n",[49,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19711,19713,19715],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19695,105],{"class":104},[49,19697,108],{"class":63},[49,19699,11006],{"class":94},[49,19701,91],{"class":63},[49,19703,19173],{"class":94},[49,19705,108],{"class":63},[49,19707,347],{"class":346},[49,19709,19710],{"class":350},"phone",[49,19712,347],{"class":346},[49,19714,4793],{"class":63},[49,19716,19717],{"class":116},"                 # None\n",[49,19719,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19745,19747,19749],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,19721,105],{"class":104},[49,19723,108],{"class":63},[49,19725,11006],{"class":94},[49,19727,91],{"class":63},[49,19729,19173],{"class":94},[49,19731,108],{"class":63},[49,19733,347],{"class":346},[49,19735,19710],{"class":350},[49,19737,347],{"class":346},[49,19739,71],{"class":63},[49,19741,357],{"class":346},[49,19743,19744],{"class":350},"Not provided",[49,19746,347],{"class":346},[49,19748,4793],{"class":63},[49,19750,19751],{"class":116}," # Not provided\n",[20,19753,19754],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19756,19757,19758,91],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[308,19759,16020],{"href":16019},[35,19761,19763,19765],{"id":19762},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19764,10172],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19767,19768],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[40,19770,19772],{"className":42,"code":19771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19773,19774,19788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19775,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19777,8636],{"class":55},[49,19779,938],{"class":63},[49,19781,347],{"class":346},[49,19783,14262],{"class":350},[49,19785,347],{"class":346},[49,19787,82],{"class":63},[49,19789,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19791,8636],{"class":55},[49,19793,91],{"class":63},[49,19795,19173],{"class":94},[49,19797,108],{"class":63},[49,19799,347],{"class":346},[49,19801,14262],{"class":350},[49,19803,347],{"class":346},[49,19805,272],{"class":63},[20,19807,19808],{},"The difference is important.",[528,19810,19812],{"id":19811},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19814,19815,19816,91],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19817,19110],{},[40,19819,19821],{"className":42,"code":19820,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19822,19823,19847,19851,19873],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19824,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19826,8597],{"class":55},[49,19828,60],{"class":59},[49,19830,9923],{"class":63},[49,19832,347],{"class":346},[49,19834,7103],{"class":350},[49,19836,347],{"class":346},[49,19838,135],{"class":63},[49,19840,357],{"class":346},[49,19842,12299],{"class":350},[49,19844,347],{"class":346},[49,19846,8741],{"class":63},[49,19848,19849],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19850,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19852,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19870],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19854,105],{"class":104},[49,19856,108],{"class":63},[49,19858,8636],{"class":94},[49,19860,938],{"class":63},[49,19862,347],{"class":346},[49,19864,7103],{"class":350},[49,19866,347],{"class":346},[49,19868,19869],{"class":63},"])",[49,19871,19872],{"class":116},"   # Ana\n",[49,19874,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19876,105],{"class":104},[49,19878,108],{"class":63},[49,19880,8636],{"class":94},[49,19882,938],{"class":63},[49,19884,347],{"class":346},[49,19886,9841],{"class":350},[49,19888,347],{"class":346},[49,19890,19869],{"class":63},[49,19892,19893],{"class":116},"   # KeyError\n",[528,19895,19896],{"id":19173},[15,19897,10172],{},[20,19899,19900,19902],{},[15,19901,10172],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[40,19904,19906],{"className":42,"code":19905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19907,19908,19932,19936,19960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19909,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19911,8597],{"class":55},[49,19913,60],{"class":59},[49,19915,9923],{"class":63},[49,19917,347],{"class":346},[49,19919,7103],{"class":350},[49,19921,347],{"class":346},[49,19923,135],{"class":63},[49,19925,357],{"class":346},[49,19927,12299],{"class":350},[49,19929,347],{"class":346},[49,19931,8741],{"class":63},[49,19933,19934],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,19935,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,19937,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,19939,105],{"class":104},[49,19941,108],{"class":63},[49,19943,8636],{"class":94},[49,19945,91],{"class":63},[49,19947,19173],{"class":94},[49,19949,108],{"class":63},[49,19951,347],{"class":346},[49,19953,7103],{"class":350},[49,19955,347],{"class":346},[49,19957,4793],{"class":63},[49,19959,19872],{"class":116},[49,19961,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,19963,105],{"class":104},[49,19965,108],{"class":63},[49,19967,8636],{"class":94},[49,19969,91],{"class":63},[49,19971,19173],{"class":94},[49,19973,108],{"class":63},[49,19975,347],{"class":346},[49,19977,9841],{"class":350},[49,19979,347],{"class":346},[49,19981,4793],{"class":63},[49,19983,19984],{"class":116},"   # None\n",[20,19986,18117],{},[137,19988,19989,19995],{},[140,19990,19991,19992],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,19993,19994],{},"must exist",[140,19996,19997,19999,20000],{},[15,19998,10172],{}," when the key is ",[30,20001,20002],{},"optional",[20,20004,20005,20006,91],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[308,20007,10693],{"href":10505},[35,20009,20011],{"id":20010},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20013,20014,20015,20017],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20016,10172],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[40,20019,20021],{"className":42,"code":20020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20022,20023,20048,20052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20024,20025,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20026,20027],{"class":55},"profile ",[49,20029,60],{"class":59},[49,20031,9923],{"class":63},[49,20033,347],{"class":346},[49,20035,7103],{"class":350},[49,20037,347],{"class":346},[49,20039,135],{"class":63},[49,20041,357],{"class":346},[49,20043,7353],{"class":350},[49,20045,347],{"class":346},[49,20047,8741],{"class":63},[49,20049,20050],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20051,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20053,20054,20056,20058,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20080,20082,20084],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20055,105],{"class":104},[49,20057,108],{"class":63},[49,20059,20060],{"class":94},"profile",[49,20062,91],{"class":63},[49,20064,19173],{"class":94},[49,20066,108],{"class":63},[49,20068,347],{"class":346},[49,20070,14683],{"class":350},[49,20072,347],{"class":346},[49,20074,71],{"class":63},[49,20076,357],{"class":346},[49,20078,20079],{"class":350},"Unknown",[49,20081,347],{"class":346},[49,20083,4793],{"class":63},[49,20085,20086],{"class":116},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20088,20089],{},"This is useful for display text:",[137,20091,20092,20097,20102],{},[140,20093,20094],{},[15,20095,20096],{},"\"Unknown\"",[140,20098,20099],{},[15,20100,20101],{},"\"Not set\"",[140,20103,20104],{},[15,20105,20106],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20108,20109],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[40,20111,20113],{"className":42,"code":20112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20114,20115,20147,20151,20178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20116,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20118,4494],{"class":55},[49,20120,60],{"class":59},[49,20122,9923],{"class":63},[49,20124,347],{"class":346},[49,20126,17839],{"class":350},[49,20128,347],{"class":346},[49,20130,135],{"class":63},[49,20132,5437],{"class":67},[49,20134,71],{"class":63},[49,20136,357],{"class":346},[49,20138,17848],{"class":350},[49,20140,347],{"class":346},[49,20142,135],{"class":63},[49,20144,5792],{"class":67},[49,20146,8741],{"class":63},[49,20148,20149],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20150,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20152,20153,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20154,20155],{"class":55},"total_history ",[49,20157,60],{"class":59},[49,20159,4541],{"class":55},[49,20161,91],{"class":63},[49,20163,19173],{"class":94},[49,20165,108],{"class":63},[49,20167,347],{"class":346},[49,20169,17857],{"class":350},[49,20171,347],{"class":346},[49,20173,71],{"class":63},[49,20175,3263],{"class":67},[49,20177,272],{"class":63},[49,20179,20180,20182,20184,20187,20189],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20181,105],{"class":104},[49,20183,108],{"class":63},[49,20185,20186],{"class":94},"total_history",[49,20188,113],{"class":63},[49,20190,20191],{"class":116},"   # 0\n",[20,20193,705,20194,20196],{},[15,20195,1552],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20198,20199],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[137,20201,20202,20205,20210,20215],{},[140,20203,20204],{},"Use a string for text",[140,20206,120,20207,20209],{},[15,20208,1552],{}," for numbers",[140,20211,120,20212,20214],{},[15,20213,151],{}," for lists if needed",[140,20216,120,20217,20219],{},[15,20218,3221],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[35,20221,20223],{"id":20222},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20225,20226,20227,91],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20228,10172],{},[528,20230,20232,20234],{"id":20231},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20233,10172],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20236,20237,20238,20240],{},"This code does ",[30,20239,329],{}," create a new key:",[40,20242,20244],{"className":42,"code":20243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20245,20246,20270,20274,20298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20247,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20249,12624],{"class":55},[49,20251,60],{"class":59},[49,20253,9923],{"class":63},[49,20255,347],{"class":346},[49,20257,7103],{"class":350},[49,20259,347],{"class":346},[49,20261,135],{"class":63},[49,20263,357],{"class":346},[49,20265,12299],{"class":350},[49,20267,347],{"class":346},[49,20269,8741],{"class":63},[49,20271,20272],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20273,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20275,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20277,105],{"class":104},[49,20279,108],{"class":63},[49,20281,16730],{"class":94},[49,20283,91],{"class":63},[49,20285,19173],{"class":94},[49,20287,108],{"class":63},[49,20289,347],{"class":346},[49,20291,9841],{"class":350},[49,20293,347],{"class":346},[49,20295,4793],{"class":63},[49,20297,425],{"class":116},[49,20299,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20301,105],{"class":104},[49,20303,108],{"class":63},[49,20305,16730],{"class":94},[49,20307,113],{"class":63},[49,20309,20310],{"class":116},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20312,20313],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[528,20315,20317,20319],{"id":20316},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20318,10172],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20321,20322],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[40,20324,20326],{"className":42,"code":20325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20327,20328,20354,20358,20384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20329,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20341,20343,20345,20347,20350,20352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20331,13246],{"class":55},[49,20333,60],{"class":59},[49,20335,9923],{"class":63},[49,20337,347],{"class":346},[49,20339,20340],{"class":350},"mode",[49,20342,347],{"class":346},[49,20344,135],{"class":63},[49,20346,357],{"class":346},[49,20348,20349],{"class":350},"light",[49,20351,347],{"class":346},[49,20353,8741],{"class":63},[49,20355,20356],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20357,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20359,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20361,13305],{"class":55},[49,20363,91],{"class":63},[49,20365,19173],{"class":94},[49,20367,108],{"class":63},[49,20369,347],{"class":346},[49,20371,11917],{"class":350},[49,20373,347],{"class":346},[49,20375,71],{"class":63},[49,20377,357],{"class":346},[49,20379,11926],{"class":350},[49,20381,347],{"class":346},[49,20383,272],{"class":63},[49,20385,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20387,105],{"class":104},[49,20389,108],{"class":63},[49,20391,13305],{"class":94},[49,20393,113],{"class":63},[49,20395,20396],{"class":116},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20398,20399,20400,20403],{},"Even though ",[15,20401,20402],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[528,20405,20407,20408],{"id":20406},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20409,323],{},[20,20411,20412,20413,320,20415,20417],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20414,10172],{},[15,20416,323],{}," because:",[137,20419,20420,20423],{},[140,20421,20422],{},"The key is missing, or",[140,20424,20425,20426],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20427,323],{},[20,20429,761],{},[40,20431,20433],{"className":42,"code":20432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20434,20435,20472,20476,20500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20436,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20464,20466,20468,20470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20438,8597],{"class":55},[49,20440,60],{"class":59},[49,20442,9923],{"class":63},[49,20444,347],{"class":346},[49,20446,7103],{"class":350},[49,20448,347],{"class":346},[49,20450,135],{"class":63},[49,20452,357],{"class":346},[49,20454,12299],{"class":350},[49,20456,347],{"class":346},[49,20458,71],{"class":63},[49,20460,357],{"class":346},[49,20462,20463],{"class":350},"nickname",[49,20465,347],{"class":346},[49,20467,135],{"class":63},[49,20469,3282],{"class":3281},[49,20471,8741],{"class":63},[49,20473,20474],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20475,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20477,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20479,105],{"class":104},[49,20481,108],{"class":63},[49,20483,8636],{"class":94},[49,20485,91],{"class":63},[49,20487,19173],{"class":94},[49,20489,108],{"class":63},[49,20491,347],{"class":346},[49,20493,20463],{"class":350},[49,20495,347],{"class":346},[49,20497,4793],{"class":63},[49,20499,425],{"class":116},[49,20501,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20503,105],{"class":104},[49,20505,108],{"class":63},[49,20507,8636],{"class":94},[49,20509,91],{"class":63},[49,20511,19173],{"class":94},[49,20513,108],{"class":63},[49,20515,347],{"class":346},[49,20517,9841],{"class":350},[49,20519,347],{"class":346},[49,20521,4793],{"class":63},[49,20523,20524],{"class":116},"      # None\n",[20,20526,20527,20528,20530],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20529,323],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20532,20533,20534,135],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20535,3313],{},[40,20537,20539],{"className":42,"code":20538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20540,20541,20577,20581,20602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20542,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20544,8597],{"class":55},[49,20546,60],{"class":59},[49,20548,9923],{"class":63},[49,20550,347],{"class":346},[49,20552,7103],{"class":350},[49,20554,347],{"class":346},[49,20556,135],{"class":63},[49,20558,357],{"class":346},[49,20560,12299],{"class":350},[49,20562,347],{"class":346},[49,20564,71],{"class":63},[49,20566,357],{"class":346},[49,20568,20463],{"class":350},[49,20570,347],{"class":346},[49,20572,135],{"class":63},[49,20574,3282],{"class":3281},[49,20576,8741],{"class":63},[49,20578,20579],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20580,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20582,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20596,20598,20600],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20584,105],{"class":104},[49,20586,108],{"class":63},[49,20588,347],{"class":346},[49,20590,20463],{"class":350},[49,20592,347],{"class":346},[49,20594,20595],{"class":3306}," in",[49,20597,13987],{"class":94},[49,20599,113],{"class":63},[49,20601,3095],{"class":116},[49,20603,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20605,105],{"class":104},[49,20607,108],{"class":63},[49,20609,347],{"class":346},[49,20611,9841],{"class":350},[49,20613,347],{"class":346},[49,20615,20595],{"class":3306},[49,20617,13987],{"class":94},[49,20619,113],{"class":63},[49,20621,20622],{"class":116},"      # False\n",[20,20624,20625,20626,91],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[308,20627,20628],{"href":16576},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[35,20630,2261],{"id":2260},[20,20632,20633,20634,135],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20635,10172],{},[137,20637,20638,20643,20650,20655],{},[140,20639,20640,20641],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20642,19110],{},[140,20644,4135,20645,320,20647,20649],{},[15,20646,10172],{},[15,20648,323],{}," if no default is provided",[140,20651,4010,20652,20654],{},[15,20653,10172],{}," creates a key automatically",[140,20656,20657],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20659,20660],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[40,20662,20664],{"className":42,"code":20663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20665,20666,20676,20690,20708,20730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20667,20668,20670,20672,20674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20669,105],{"class":104},[49,20671,108],{"class":63},[49,20673,10877],{"class":94},[49,20675,272],{"class":63},[49,20677,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20679,105],{"class":104},[49,20681,108],{"class":63},[49,20683,10877],{"class":94},[49,20685,91],{"class":63},[49,20687,16346],{"class":94},[49,20689,6628],{"class":63},[49,20691,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20693,105],{"class":104},[49,20695,108],{"class":63},[49,20697,2734],{"class":346},[49,20699,7103],{"class":350},[49,20701,2734],{"class":346},[49,20703,20595],{"class":3306},[49,20705,11190],{"class":94},[49,20707,272],{"class":63},[49,20709,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,20711,105],{"class":104},[49,20713,108],{"class":63},[49,20715,10877],{"class":94},[49,20717,91],{"class":63},[49,20719,19173],{"class":94},[49,20721,108],{"class":63},[49,20723,2734],{"class":346},[49,20725,7103],{"class":350},[49,20727,2734],{"class":346},[49,20729,1182],{"class":63},[49,20731,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,20733,105],{"class":104},[49,20735,108],{"class":63},[49,20737,1175],{"class":1174},[49,20739,108],{"class":63},[49,20741,10877],{"class":94},[49,20743,91],{"class":63},[49,20745,19173],{"class":94},[49,20747,108],{"class":63},[49,20749,2734],{"class":346},[49,20751,7103],{"class":350},[49,20753,2734],{"class":346},[49,20755,2344],{"class":63},[20,20757,20758],{},"What these checks tell you:",[137,20760,20761,20766,20772,20778,20784],{},[140,20762,20763,20765],{},[15,20764,12101],{}," shows the full dictionary",[140,20767,20768,20771],{},[15,20769,20770],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[140,20773,20774,20777],{},[15,20775,20776],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[140,20779,20780,20783],{},[15,20781,20782],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[140,20785,20786,20789],{},[15,20787,20788],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20791,20792,20793,618,20798,20802],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[308,20794,20795,20796,736],{"href":16485},"the dictionary ",[15,20797,16488],{},[308,20799,20795,20800,736],{"href":16498},[15,20801,16501],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[35,20804,1253],{"id":1252},[528,20806,1257,20808,20810,20811,1284],{"id":20807},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20809,10172],{}," raise ",[15,20812,19110],{},[20,20814,20815,20816,20818],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20817,323],{}," or the default value you provide.",[528,20820,1257,20822,20824],{"id":20821},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20823,10172],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20826,20827],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[528,20829,20831,20832,1284],{"id":20830},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20833,10172],{},[20,20835,20836,20838],{},[15,20837,323],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[528,20840,20842,20843,20845],{"id":20841},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20844,10172],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20847,120,20848,20850],{},[15,20849,10172],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[35,20852,1309],{"id":1308},[137,20854,20855,20859,20865,20871,20875,20880],{},[140,20856,20857],{},[308,20858,8587],{"href":8586},[140,20860,20861],{},[308,20862,10169,20863,736],{"href":16485},[15,20864,16488],{},[140,20866,20867],{},[308,20868,10169,20869,736],{"href":16498},[15,20870,16501],{},[140,20872,20873],{},[308,20874,16577],{"href":16576},[140,20876,20877],{},[308,20878,20879],{"href":16019},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[140,20881,20882],{},[308,20883,10693],{"href":10505},[1352,20885,20886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":20888},[20889,20891,20892,20894,20899,20900,20908,20909,20919],{"id":19255,"depth":85,"text":20890},"What get() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":19590,"depth":85,"text":20893},"When to use get()",{"id":19762,"depth":85,"text":20895,"children":20896},"get() vs square brackets",[20897,20898],{"id":19811,"depth":101,"text":19812},{"id":19173,"depth":101,"text":10172},{"id":20010,"depth":85,"text":20011},{"id":20222,"depth":85,"text":20223,"children":20901},[20902,20904,20906],{"id":20231,"depth":101,"text":20903},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20316,"depth":101,"text":20905},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20406,"depth":101,"text":20907},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":20910},[20911,20913,20915,20917],{"id":20807,"depth":101,"text":20912},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20821,"depth":101,"text":20914},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20830,"depth":101,"text":20916},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20841,"depth":101,"text":20918},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19091,"description":20920},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20927,"title":20928,"body":20929,"description":23486,"extension":1392,"meta":23487,"navigation":243,"path":23488,"seo":23489,"stem":23490,"__hash__":23491},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20930,"toc":23452},[20931,20936,20942,20948,20950,21032,21036,21053,21058,21063,21068,21070,21084,21086,21149,21153,21193,21201,21203,21205,21220,21223,21236,21238,21317,21321,21387,21389,21393,21401,21403,21414,21416,21526,21530,21609,21615,21621,21626,21739,21743,21775,21778,21885,21891,21898,21902,21905,22008,22012,22073,22076,22079,22090,22099,22102,22119,22121,22220,22224,22299,22302,22325,22330,22335,22352,22354,22475,22479,22513,22515,22520,22527,22537,22539,22617,22620,22691,22701,22704,22736,22739,22778,22784,22791,22794,22885,22889,22970,22976,22979,22982,23087,23090,23093,23215,23219,23222,23289,23293,23330,23336,23338,23344,23349,23355,23362,23368,23371,23410,23416,23419,23421,23449],[10,20932,10749,20934,18],{"id":20933},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20935,16501],{},[20,20937,1409,20938,20941],{},[15,20939,20940],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20943,20944,20945,20947],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20946,16501],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[35,20949,1434],{"id":1433},[40,20951,20953],{"className":42,"code":20952,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20954,20955,20991,20995,21018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20956,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20958,12624],{"class":55},[49,20960,60],{"class":59},[49,20962,9923],{"class":63},[49,20964,347],{"class":346},[49,20966,7103],{"class":350},[49,20968,347],{"class":346},[49,20970,135],{"class":63},[49,20972,357],{"class":346},[49,20974,12299],{"class":350},[49,20976,347],{"class":346},[49,20978,71],{"class":63},[49,20980,357],{"class":346},[49,20982,8731],{"class":350},[49,20984,347],{"class":346},[49,20986,135],{"class":63},[49,20988,8738],{"class":67},[49,20990,8741],{"class":63},[49,20992,20993],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,20994,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,20996,20997,20999,21002,21004,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,20998,5391],{"class":3306},[49,21000,21001],{"class":55}," key",[49,21003,71],{"class":63},[49,21005,21006],{"class":55}," value ",[49,21008,3313],{"class":3306},[49,21010,12667],{"class":55},[49,21012,91],{"class":63},[49,21014,88],{"class":94},[49,21016,21017],{"class":63},"():\n",[49,21019,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21021,7501],{"class":104},[49,21023,108],{"class":63},[49,21025,14262],{"class":94},[49,21027,71],{"class":63},[49,21029,7864],{"class":94},[49,21031,272],{"class":63},[20,21033,21034],{},[30,21035,275],{},[40,21037,21039],{"className":42,"code":21038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21040,21041,21046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21042,21043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21044,21045],{"class":55},"name Ana\n",[49,21047,21048,21051],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21049,21050],{"class":55},"age ",[49,21052,2139],{"class":67},[20,21054,120,21055,21057],{},[15,21056,16501],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[35,21059,127,21061,130],{"id":21060},"what-items-does",[15,21062,16501],{},[20,21064,21065,21067],{},[15,21066,16501],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21069,186],{},[137,21071,21072,21078,21081],{},[140,21073,21074,21075],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21076,21077],{},"(key, value)",[140,21079,21080],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[140,21082,21083],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21085,761],{},[40,21087,21089],{"className":42,"code":21088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21090,21091,21127,21131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21092,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21094,12624],{"class":55},[49,21096,60],{"class":59},[49,21098,9923],{"class":63},[49,21100,347],{"class":346},[49,21102,7103],{"class":350},[49,21104,347],{"class":346},[49,21106,135],{"class":63},[49,21108,357],{"class":346},[49,21110,12299],{"class":350},[49,21112,347],{"class":346},[49,21114,71],{"class":63},[49,21116,357],{"class":346},[49,21118,8731],{"class":350},[49,21120,347],{"class":346},[49,21122,135],{"class":63},[49,21124,8738],{"class":67},[49,21126,8741],{"class":63},[49,21128,21129],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21130,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21132,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21134,105],{"class":104},[49,21136,108],{"class":63},[49,21138,7526],{"class":1174},[49,21140,108],{"class":63},[49,21142,16730],{"class":94},[49,21144,91],{"class":63},[49,21146,88],{"class":94},[49,21148,5723],{"class":63},[20,21150,21151],{},[30,21152,275],{},[40,21154,21156],{"className":42,"code":21155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21157,21158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21159,21160,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21161,21162],{"class":63},"[(",[49,21164,2734],{"class":346},[49,21166,7103],{"class":350},[49,21168,2734],{"class":346},[49,21170,71],{"class":63},[49,21172,2729],{"class":346},[49,21174,12299],{"class":350},[49,21176,2734],{"class":346},[49,21178,8665],{"class":63},[49,21180,8668],{"class":63},[49,21182,2734],{"class":346},[49,21184,8731],{"class":350},[49,21186,2734],{"class":346},[49,21188,71],{"class":63},[49,21190,8738],{"class":67},[49,21192,8681],{"class":63},[20,21194,21195,21196,2310,21198,91],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[308,21197,8587],{"href":12442},[308,21199,14446],{"href":21200},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[35,21202,164],{"id":163},[20,21204,4866],{},[40,21206,21208],{"className":42,"code":21207,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21209,21210],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21211,21212,21214,21216,21218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21213,10877],{"class":55},[49,21215,91],{"class":63},[49,21217,88],{"class":94},[49,21219,98],{"class":63},[20,21221,21222],{},"Things to remember:",[137,21224,21225,21230,21233],{},[140,21226,21227,21229],{},[15,21228,16501],{}," does not take any arguments",[140,21231,21232],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[140,21234,21235],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21237,761],{},[40,21239,21241],{"className":42,"code":21240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21242,21243,21275,21279,21293,21297,21307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21244,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21246,4494],{"class":55},[49,21248,60],{"class":59},[49,21250,9923],{"class":63},[49,21252,347],{"class":346},[49,21254,4434],{"class":350},[49,21256,347],{"class":346},[49,21258,135],{"class":63},[49,21260,19321],{"class":67},[49,21262,71],{"class":63},[49,21264,357],{"class":346},[49,21266,4443],{"class":350},[49,21268,347],{"class":346},[49,21270,135],{"class":63},[49,21272,12927],{"class":67},[49,21274,8741],{"class":63},[49,21276,21277],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21278,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21280,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21282,382],{"class":55},[49,21284,60],{"class":59},[49,21286,4541],{"class":55},[49,21288,91],{"class":63},[49,21290,88],{"class":94},[49,21292,98],{"class":63},[49,21294,21295],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21296,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,21300,105],{"class":104},[49,21302,108],{"class":63},[49,21304,420],{"class":94},[49,21306,272],{"class":63},[49,21308,21309,21311,21313,21315],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,21310,105],{"class":104},[49,21312,108],{"class":63},[49,21314,15811],{"class":94},[49,21316,272],{"class":63},[20,21318,21319],{},[30,21320,275],{},[40,21322,21324],{"className":42,"code":21323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21325,21326,21359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21327,21328,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21329,21330],{"class":94},"dict_items",[49,21332,9090],{"class":63},[49,21334,2734],{"class":346},[49,21336,4434],{"class":350},[49,21338,2734],{"class":346},[49,21340,71],{"class":63},[49,21342,19321],{"class":67},[49,21344,8665],{"class":63},[49,21346,8668],{"class":63},[49,21348,2734],{"class":346},[49,21350,4443],{"class":350},[49,21352,2734],{"class":346},[49,21354,71],{"class":63},[49,21356,12927],{"class":67},[49,21358,10111],{"class":63},[49,21360,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21362,8710],{"class":63},[49,21364,2734],{"class":346},[49,21366,4434],{"class":350},[49,21368,2734],{"class":346},[49,21370,135],{"class":63},[49,21372,19321],{"class":67},[49,21374,71],{"class":63},[49,21376,2729],{"class":346},[49,21378,4443],{"class":350},[49,21380,2734],{"class":346},[49,21382,135],{"class":63},[49,21384,12927],{"class":67},[49,21386,8741],{"class":63},[20,21388,20313],{},[35,21390,21392],{"id":21391},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21394,21395,21397,21398,21400],{},[15,21396,16501],{}," returns a ",[15,21399,21330],{}," view object.",[20,21402,1539],{},[137,21404,21405,21408,21411],{},[140,21406,21407],{},"You can loop over it",[140,21409,21410],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[140,21412,21413],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21415,761],{},[40,21417,21419],{"className":42,"code":21418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21420,21421,21453,21467,21471,21485,21489,21508,21512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21422,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21424,8597],{"class":55},[49,21426,60],{"class":59},[49,21428,9923],{"class":63},[49,21430,347],{"class":346},[49,21432,1606],{"class":350},[49,21434,347],{"class":346},[49,21436,135],{"class":63},[49,21438,4930],{"class":67},[49,21440,71],{"class":63},[49,21442,357],{"class":346},[49,21444,11169],{"class":350},[49,21446,347],{"class":346},[49,21448,135],{"class":63},[49,21450,74],{"class":67},[49,21452,8741],{"class":63},[49,21454,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21456,8647],{"class":55},[49,21458,60],{"class":59},[49,21460,13987],{"class":55},[49,21462,91],{"class":63},[49,21464,88],{"class":94},[49,21466,98],{"class":63},[49,21468,21469],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21470,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21472,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21474,105],{"class":104},[49,21476,108],{"class":63},[49,21478,7526],{"class":1174},[49,21480,108],{"class":63},[49,21482,8694],{"class":94},[49,21484,1182],{"class":63},[49,21486,21487],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,21488,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21490,21491,21493,21495,21497,21500,21502,21504,21506],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,21492,8636],{"class":55},[49,21494,938],{"class":63},[49,21496,347],{"class":346},[49,21498,21499],{"class":350},"z",[49,21501,347],{"class":346},[49,21503,12693],{"class":63},[49,21505,12696],{"class":59},[49,21507,2008],{"class":67},[49,21509,21510],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,21511,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21513,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,21515,105],{"class":104},[49,21517,108],{"class":63},[49,21519,7526],{"class":1174},[49,21521,108],{"class":63},[49,21523,8694],{"class":94},[49,21525,1182],{"class":63},[20,21527,21528],{},[30,21529,275],{},[40,21531,21533],{"className":42,"code":21532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21534,21535,21565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21536,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21538,21162],{"class":63},[49,21540,2734],{"class":346},[49,21542,1606],{"class":350},[49,21544,2734],{"class":346},[49,21546,71],{"class":63},[49,21548,4930],{"class":67},[49,21550,8665],{"class":63},[49,21552,8668],{"class":63},[49,21554,2734],{"class":346},[49,21556,11169],{"class":350},[49,21558,2734],{"class":346},[49,21560,71],{"class":63},[49,21562,74],{"class":67},[49,21564,8681],{"class":63},[49,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21568,21162],{"class":63},[49,21570,2734],{"class":346},[49,21572,1606],{"class":350},[49,21574,2734],{"class":346},[49,21576,71],{"class":63},[49,21578,4930],{"class":67},[49,21580,8665],{"class":63},[49,21582,8668],{"class":63},[49,21584,2734],{"class":346},[49,21586,11169],{"class":350},[49,21588,2734],{"class":346},[49,21590,71],{"class":63},[49,21592,74],{"class":67},[49,21594,8665],{"class":63},[49,21596,8668],{"class":63},[49,21598,2734],{"class":346},[49,21600,21499],{"class":350},[49,21602,2734],{"class":346},[49,21604,71],{"class":63},[49,21606,79],{"class":67},[49,21608,8681],{"class":63},[20,21610,21611,21612,21614],{},"This happens because ",[15,21613,8694],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[35,21616,21618,21619],{"id":21617},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21620,16501],{},[20,21622,21623,21624,135],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21625,16501],{},[40,21627,21629],{"className":42,"code":21628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21630,21631,21684,21688,21708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21632,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21634,12282],{"class":55},[49,21636,60],{"class":59},[49,21638,9923],{"class":63},[49,21640,347],{"class":346},[49,21642,7103],{"class":350},[49,21644,347],{"class":346},[49,21646,135],{"class":63},[49,21648,357],{"class":346},[49,21650,7353],{"class":350},[49,21652,347],{"class":346},[49,21654,71],{"class":63},[49,21656,357],{"class":346},[49,21658,19314],{"class":350},[49,21660,347],{"class":346},[49,21662,135],{"class":63},[49,21664,357],{"class":346},[49,21666,21667],{"class":350},"A",[49,21669,347],{"class":346},[49,21671,71],{"class":63},[49,21673,357],{"class":346},[49,21675,8731],{"class":350},[49,21677,347],{"class":346},[49,21679,135],{"class":63},[49,21681,13278],{"class":67},[49,21683,8741],{"class":63},[49,21685,21686],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21687,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21691,5391],{"class":3306},[49,21693,21001],{"class":55},[49,21695,71],{"class":63},[49,21697,21006],{"class":55},[49,21699,3313],{"class":3306},[49,21701,12325],{"class":55},[49,21703,91],{"class":63},[49,21705,88],{"class":94},[49,21707,21017],{"class":63},[49,21709,21710,21712,21714,21717,21719,21721,21723,21726,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21711,7501],{"class":104},[49,21713,108],{"class":63},[49,21715,21716],{"class":1497},"f",[49,21718,347],{"class":350},[49,21720,8710],{"class":67},[49,21722,14262],{"class":94},[49,21724,21725],{"class":67},"}",[49,21727,21728],{"class":350},": ",[49,21730,8710],{"class":67},[49,21732,1904],{"class":94},[49,21734,21725],{"class":67},[49,21736,347],{"class":350},[49,21738,272],{"class":63},[20,21740,21741],{},[30,21742,275],{},[40,21744,21746],{"className":42,"code":21745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21747,21748,21757,21766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21749,21750,21752,21754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21751,7103],{"class":55},[49,21753,135],{"class":63},[49,21755,21756],{"class":55}," Mia\n",[49,21758,21759,21761,21763],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21760,19314],{"class":55},[49,21762,135],{"class":63},[49,21764,21765],{"class":55}," A\n",[49,21767,21768,21770,21772],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21769,8731],{"class":55},[49,21771,135],{"class":63},[49,21773,21774],{"class":67}," 14\n",[20,21776,21777],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[40,21779,21781],{"className":42,"code":21780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21782,21783,21835,21839,21851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21784,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21786,12282],{"class":55},[49,21788,60],{"class":59},[49,21790,9923],{"class":63},[49,21792,347],{"class":346},[49,21794,7103],{"class":350},[49,21796,347],{"class":346},[49,21798,135],{"class":63},[49,21800,357],{"class":346},[49,21802,7353],{"class":350},[49,21804,347],{"class":346},[49,21806,71],{"class":63},[49,21808,357],{"class":346},[49,21810,19314],{"class":350},[49,21812,347],{"class":346},[49,21814,135],{"class":63},[49,21816,357],{"class":346},[49,21818,21667],{"class":350},[49,21820,347],{"class":346},[49,21822,71],{"class":63},[49,21824,357],{"class":346},[49,21826,8731],{"class":350},[49,21828,347],{"class":346},[49,21830,135],{"class":63},[49,21832,13278],{"class":67},[49,21834,8741],{"class":63},[49,21836,21837],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21838,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21840,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21842,5391],{"class":3306},[49,21844,17631],{"class":55},[49,21846,3313],{"class":3306},[49,21848,12325],{"class":55},[49,21850,5826],{"class":63},[49,21852,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21854,7501],{"class":104},[49,21856,108],{"class":63},[49,21858,21716],{"class":1497},[49,21860,347],{"class":350},[49,21862,8710],{"class":67},[49,21864,14262],{"class":94},[49,21866,21725],{"class":67},[49,21868,21728],{"class":350},[49,21870,8710],{"class":67},[49,21872,13046],{"class":94},[49,21874,938],{"class":63},[49,21876,14262],{"class":94},[49,21878,12693],{"class":63},[49,21880,21725],{"class":67},[49,21882,347],{"class":350},[49,21884,272],{"class":63},[20,21886,5943,21887,21890],{},[15,21888,21889],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21892,21893,21894,91],{},"For a full guide, see ",[308,21895,21897],{"href":21896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[35,21899,21901],{"id":21900},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21903,21904],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[40,21906,21908],{"className":42,"code":21907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21909,21910,21969,21973,21993,21997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21911,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21947,21949,21951,21953,21956,21958,21960,21962,21965,21967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21913,12495],{"class":55},[49,21915,60],{"class":59},[49,21917,9923],{"class":63},[49,21919,347],{"class":346},[49,21921,3510],{"class":350},[49,21923,347],{"class":346},[49,21925,135],{"class":63},[49,21927,357],{"class":346},[49,21929,12512],{"class":350},[49,21931,347],{"class":346},[49,21933,71],{"class":63},[49,21935,357],{"class":346},[49,21937,3519],{"class":350},[49,21939,347],{"class":346},[49,21941,135],{"class":63},[49,21943,357],{"class":346},[49,21945,21946],{"class":350},"yellow",[49,21948,347],{"class":346},[49,21950,71],{"class":63},[49,21952,357],{"class":346},[49,21954,21955],{"class":350},"grape",[49,21957,347],{"class":346},[49,21959,135],{"class":63},[49,21961,357],{"class":346},[49,21963,21964],{"class":350},"purple",[49,21966,347],{"class":346},[49,21968,8741],{"class":63},[49,21970,21971],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,21972,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21974,21975,21978,21980,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,21976,21977],{"class":55},"pairs_list ",[49,21979,60],{"class":59},[49,21981,21982],{"class":1174}," list",[49,21984,108],{"class":63},[49,21986,16924],{"class":94},[49,21988,91],{"class":63},[49,21990,88],{"class":94},[49,21992,6628],{"class":63},[49,21994,21995],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,21996,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,21998,21999,22001,22003,22006],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,22000,105],{"class":104},[49,22002,108],{"class":63},[49,22004,22005],{"class":94},"pairs_list",[49,22007,272],{"class":63},[20,22009,22010],{},[30,22011,275],{},[40,22013,22015],{"className":42,"code":22014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22016,22017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22018,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22020,21162],{"class":63},[49,22022,2734],{"class":346},[49,22024,3510],{"class":350},[49,22026,2734],{"class":346},[49,22028,71],{"class":63},[49,22030,2729],{"class":346},[49,22032,12512],{"class":350},[49,22034,2734],{"class":346},[49,22036,8665],{"class":63},[49,22038,8668],{"class":63},[49,22040,2734],{"class":346},[49,22042,3519],{"class":350},[49,22044,2734],{"class":346},[49,22046,71],{"class":63},[49,22048,2729],{"class":346},[49,22050,21946],{"class":350},[49,22052,2734],{"class":346},[49,22054,8665],{"class":63},[49,22056,8668],{"class":63},[49,22058,2734],{"class":346},[49,22060,21955],{"class":350},[49,22062,2734],{"class":346},[49,22064,71],{"class":63},[49,22066,2729],{"class":346},[49,22068,21964],{"class":350},[49,22070,2734],{"class":346},[49,22072,8681],{"class":63},[20,22074,22075],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22077,22078],{},"Use this when:",[137,22080,22081,22084,22087],{},[140,22082,22083],{},"You want clearer printed output",[140,22085,22086],{},"You need list behavior",[140,22088,22089],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[35,22091,22093,10018,22095,10018,22097],{"id":22092},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22094,16501],{},[15,22096,16488],{},[15,22098,16494],{},[20,22100,22101],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[137,22103,22104,22109,22114],{},[140,22105,22106,22108],{},[15,22107,16501],{}," gives both key and value",[140,22110,22111,22113],{},[15,22112,16488],{}," gives only keys",[140,22115,22116,22118],{},[15,22117,16494],{}," gives only values",[20,22120,761],{},[40,22122,22124],{"className":42,"code":22123,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22125,22126,22162,22166,22184,22202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22127,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22129,12624],{"class":55},[49,22131,60],{"class":59},[49,22133,9923],{"class":63},[49,22135,347],{"class":346},[49,22137,7103],{"class":350},[49,22139,347],{"class":346},[49,22141,135],{"class":63},[49,22143,357],{"class":346},[49,22145,12299],{"class":350},[49,22147,347],{"class":346},[49,22149,71],{"class":63},[49,22151,357],{"class":346},[49,22153,8731],{"class":350},[49,22155,347],{"class":346},[49,22157,135],{"class":63},[49,22159,8738],{"class":67},[49,22161,8741],{"class":63},[49,22163,22164],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22165,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,22167,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22169,105],{"class":104},[49,22171,108],{"class":63},[49,22173,7526],{"class":1174},[49,22175,108],{"class":63},[49,22177,16730],{"class":94},[49,22179,91],{"class":63},[49,22181,16346],{"class":94},[49,22183,5723],{"class":63},[49,22185,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,22187,105],{"class":104},[49,22189,108],{"class":63},[49,22191,7526],{"class":1174},[49,22193,108],{"class":63},[49,22195,16730],{"class":94},[49,22197,91],{"class":63},[49,22199,4790],{"class":94},[49,22201,5723],{"class":63},[49,22203,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,22205,105],{"class":104},[49,22207,108],{"class":63},[49,22209,7526],{"class":1174},[49,22211,108],{"class":63},[49,22213,16730],{"class":94},[49,22215,91],{"class":63},[49,22217,88],{"class":94},[49,22219,5723],{"class":63},[20,22221,22222],{},[30,22223,275],{},[40,22225,22227],{"className":42,"code":22226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22228,22229,22249,22265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22230,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22232,938],{"class":63},[49,22234,2734],{"class":346},[49,22236,7103],{"class":350},[49,22238,2734],{"class":346},[49,22240,71],{"class":63},[49,22242,2729],{"class":346},[49,22244,8731],{"class":350},[49,22246,2734],{"class":346},[49,22248,82],{"class":63},[49,22250,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22252,938],{"class":63},[49,22254,2734],{"class":346},[49,22256,12299],{"class":350},[49,22258,2734],{"class":346},[49,22260,71],{"class":63},[49,22262,8738],{"class":67},[49,22264,82],{"class":63},[49,22266,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22268,21162],{"class":63},[49,22270,2734],{"class":346},[49,22272,7103],{"class":350},[49,22274,2734],{"class":346},[49,22276,71],{"class":63},[49,22278,2729],{"class":346},[49,22280,12299],{"class":350},[49,22282,2734],{"class":346},[49,22284,8665],{"class":63},[49,22286,8668],{"class":63},[49,22288,2734],{"class":346},[49,22290,8731],{"class":350},[49,22292,2734],{"class":346},[49,22294,71],{"class":63},[49,22296,8738],{"class":67},[49,22298,8681],{"class":63},[20,22300,22301],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[137,22303,22304,22312,22320],{},[140,22305,22306,22307],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[308,22308,22310],{"href":22309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22311,16488],{},[140,22313,22314,22315],{},"Need just values? Use ",[308,22316,22318],{"href":22317},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22319,16494],{},[140,22321,22322,22323],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22324,16501],{},[35,22326,740,22328],{"id":22327},"when-to-use-items",[15,22329,16501],{},[20,22331,22332,22334],{},[15,22333,16501],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[137,22336,22337,22340,22343,22346,22349],{},[140,22338,22339],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[140,22341,22342],{},"Building formatted output",[140,22344,22345],{},"Looping through settings and values",[140,22347,22348],{},"Showing names with scores",[140,22350,22351],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22353,761],{},[40,22355,22357],{"className":42,"code":22356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22358,22359,22367,22385,22404,22416,22420,22424,22445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22360,22361,22363,22365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22362,13246],{"class":55},[49,22364,60],{"class":59},[49,22366,10917],{"class":63},[49,22368,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22370,10922],{"class":346},[49,22372,11917],{"class":350},[49,22374,347],{"class":346},[49,22376,135],{"class":63},[49,22378,357],{"class":346},[49,22380,11926],{"class":350},[49,22382,347],{"class":346},[49,22384,10938],{"class":63},[49,22386,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22400,22402],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22388,10922],{"class":346},[49,22390,19546],{"class":350},[49,22392,347],{"class":346},[49,22394,135],{"class":63},[49,22396,357],{"class":346},[49,22398,22399],{"class":350},"English",[49,22401,347],{"class":346},[49,22403,10938],{"class":63},[49,22405,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,22407,10922],{"class":346},[49,22409,17947],{"class":350},[49,22411,347],{"class":346},[49,22413,135],{"class":63},[49,22415,5855],{"class":3281},[49,22417,22418],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,22419,8741],{"class":63},[49,22421,22422],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,22423,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,22425,22426,22428,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,22427,5391],{"class":3306},[49,22429,22430],{"class":55}," setting",[49,22432,71],{"class":63},[49,22434,21006],{"class":55},[49,22436,3313],{"class":3306},[49,22438,13290],{"class":55},[49,22440,91],{"class":63},[49,22442,88],{"class":94},[49,22444,21017],{"class":63},[49,22446,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22460,22462,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,22448,7501],{"class":104},[49,22450,108],{"class":63},[49,22452,21716],{"class":1497},[49,22454,347],{"class":350},[49,22456,8710],{"class":67},[49,22458,22459],{"class":94},"setting",[49,22461,21725],{"class":67},[49,22463,22464],{"class":350}," = ",[49,22466,8710],{"class":67},[49,22468,1904],{"class":94},[49,22470,21725],{"class":67},[49,22472,347],{"class":350},[49,22474,272],{"class":63},[20,22476,22477],{},[30,22478,275],{},[40,22480,22482],{"className":42,"code":22481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22483,22484,22494,22504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22485,22486,22489,22491],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22487,22488],{"class":55},"theme ",[49,22490,60],{"class":59},[49,22492,22493],{"class":55}," dark\n",[49,22495,22496,22499,22501],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22497,22498],{"class":55},"language ",[49,22500,60],{"class":59},[49,22502,22503],{"class":55}," English\n",[49,22505,22506,22509,22511],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22507,22508],{"class":55},"notifications ",[49,22510,60],{"class":59},[49,22512,5855],{"class":3281},[35,22514,2261],{"id":2260},[20,22516,22517,22518,91],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22519,16501],{},[528,22521,22523,22524,22526],{"id":22522},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22525,16501],{}," incorrectly",[20,22528,22529,22530,22532,22533,22536],{},"Each result from ",[15,22531,16501],{}," has ",[30,22534,22535],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22538,6121],{},[40,22540,22541],{"className":42,"code":20952,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,22542,22543,22579,22583,22603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22544,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22546,12624],{"class":55},[49,22548,60],{"class":59},[49,22550,9923],{"class":63},[49,22552,347],{"class":346},[49,22554,7103],{"class":350},[49,22556,347],{"class":346},[49,22558,135],{"class":63},[49,22560,357],{"class":346},[49,22562,12299],{"class":350},[49,22564,347],{"class":346},[49,22566,71],{"class":63},[49,22568,357],{"class":346},[49,22570,8731],{"class":350},[49,22572,347],{"class":346},[49,22574,135],{"class":63},[49,22576,8738],{"class":67},[49,22578,8741],{"class":63},[49,22580,22581],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22582,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22586,5391],{"class":3306},[49,22588,21001],{"class":55},[49,22590,71],{"class":63},[49,22592,21006],{"class":55},[49,22594,3313],{"class":3306},[49,22596,12667],{"class":55},[49,22598,91],{"class":63},[49,22600,88],{"class":94},[49,22602,21017],{"class":63},[49,22604,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,22606,7501],{"class":104},[49,22608,108],{"class":63},[49,22610,14262],{"class":94},[49,22612,71],{"class":63},[49,22614,7864],{"class":94},[49,22616,272],{"class":63},[20,22618,22619],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[40,22621,22623],{"className":42,"code":22622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22624,22625,22661,22665,22681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22626,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22628,12624],{"class":55},[49,22630,60],{"class":59},[49,22632,9923],{"class":63},[49,22634,347],{"class":346},[49,22636,7103],{"class":350},[49,22638,347],{"class":346},[49,22640,135],{"class":63},[49,22642,357],{"class":346},[49,22644,12299],{"class":350},[49,22646,347],{"class":346},[49,22648,71],{"class":63},[49,22650,357],{"class":346},[49,22652,8731],{"class":350},[49,22654,347],{"class":346},[49,22656,135],{"class":63},[49,22658,8738],{"class":67},[49,22660,8741],{"class":63},[49,22662,22663],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22664,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,22666,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22668,5391],{"class":3306},[49,22670,17631],{"class":55},[49,22672,3313],{"class":3306},[49,22674,12667],{"class":55},[49,22676,91],{"class":63},[49,22678,88],{"class":94},[49,22680,21017],{"class":63},[49,22682,22683,22685,22687,22689],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,22684,7501],{"class":104},[49,22686,108],{"class":63},[49,22688,14262],{"class":94},[49,22690,272],{"class":63},[20,22692,22693,22694,22696,22697,22700],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22695,14262],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22698,22699],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22702,22703],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[40,22705,22707],{"className":42,"code":22706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22708,22709,22725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22710,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22712,5391],{"class":3306},[49,22714,5394],{"class":55},[49,22716,3313],{"class":3306},[49,22718,12667],{"class":55},[49,22720,91],{"class":63},[49,22722,88],{"class":94},[49,22724,21017],{"class":63},[49,22726,22727,22729,22731,22734],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22728,7501],{"class":104},[49,22730,108],{"class":63},[49,22732,22733],{"class":94},"item",[49,22735,272],{"class":63},[20,22737,22738],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[40,22740,22742],{"className":42,"code":22741,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22743,22744,22764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22745,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22747,5391],{"class":3306},[49,22749,21001],{"class":55},[49,22751,71],{"class":63},[49,22753,21006],{"class":55},[49,22755,3313],{"class":3306},[49,22757,12667],{"class":55},[49,22759,91],{"class":63},[49,22761,88],{"class":94},[49,22763,21017],{"class":63},[49,22765,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22767,7501],{"class":104},[49,22769,108],{"class":63},[49,22771,14262],{"class":94},[49,22773,71],{"class":63},[49,22775,7864],{"class":94},[49,22777,272],{"class":63},[528,22779,1011,22781,22783],{"id":22780},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22782,16501],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22785,22786,21397,22788,22790],{},[15,22787,16501],{},[15,22789,21330],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22792,22793],{},"Check it:",[40,22795,22797],{"className":42,"code":22796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22798,22799,22831,22835,22849,22867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22800,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22802,11148],{"class":55},[49,22804,60],{"class":59},[49,22806,9923],{"class":63},[49,22808,347],{"class":346},[49,22810,308],{"class":350},[49,22812,347],{"class":346},[49,22814,135],{"class":63},[49,22816,4930],{"class":67},[49,22818,71],{"class":63},[49,22820,357],{"class":346},[49,22822,360],{"class":350},[49,22824,347],{"class":346},[49,22826,135],{"class":63},[49,22828,74],{"class":67},[49,22830,8741],{"class":63},[49,22832,22833],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22834,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,22836,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22838,105],{"class":104},[49,22840,108],{"class":63},[49,22842,10877],{"class":94},[49,22844,91],{"class":63},[49,22846,88],{"class":94},[49,22848,6628],{"class":63},[49,22850,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,22852,105],{"class":104},[49,22854,108],{"class":63},[49,22856,1175],{"class":1174},[49,22858,108],{"class":63},[49,22860,10877],{"class":94},[49,22862,91],{"class":63},[49,22864,88],{"class":94},[49,22866,5723],{"class":63},[49,22868,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,22870,105],{"class":104},[49,22872,108],{"class":63},[49,22874,7526],{"class":1174},[49,22876,108],{"class":63},[49,22878,10877],{"class":94},[49,22880,91],{"class":63},[49,22882,88],{"class":94},[49,22884,5723],{"class":63},[20,22886,22887],{},[30,22888,275],{},[40,22890,22892],{"className":42,"code":22891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22893,22894,22926,22940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22895,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22897,21330],{"class":94},[49,22899,9090],{"class":63},[49,22901,2734],{"class":346},[49,22903,308],{"class":350},[49,22905,2734],{"class":346},[49,22907,71],{"class":63},[49,22909,4930],{"class":67},[49,22911,8665],{"class":63},[49,22913,8668],{"class":63},[49,22915,2734],{"class":346},[49,22917,360],{"class":350},[49,22919,2734],{"class":346},[49,22921,71],{"class":63},[49,22923,74],{"class":67},[49,22925,10111],{"class":63},[49,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,22929,2723],{"class":59},[49,22931,2726],{"class":1497},[49,22933,2729],{"class":346},[49,22935,21330],{"class":350},[49,22937,2734],{"class":346},[49,22939,2737],{"class":59},[49,22941,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,22943,21162],{"class":63},[49,22945,2734],{"class":346},[49,22947,308],{"class":350},[49,22949,2734],{"class":346},[49,22951,71],{"class":63},[49,22953,4930],{"class":67},[49,22955,8665],{"class":63},[49,22957,8668],{"class":63},[49,22959,2734],{"class":346},[49,22961,360],{"class":350},[49,22963,2734],{"class":346},[49,22965,71],{"class":63},[49,22967,74],{"class":67},[49,22969,8681],{"class":63},[528,22971,22973,22974],{"id":22972},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22975,16501],{},[20,22977,22978],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22980,22981],{},"Problem example:",[40,22983,22985],{"className":42,"code":22984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,22986,22987,23031,23035,23055,23067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22988,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22990,214],{"class":55},[49,22992,60],{"class":59},[49,22994,9923],{"class":63},[49,22996,347],{"class":346},[49,22998,308],{"class":350},[49,23000,347],{"class":346},[49,23002,135],{"class":63},[49,23004,4930],{"class":67},[49,23006,71],{"class":63},[49,23008,357],{"class":346},[49,23010,360],{"class":350},[49,23012,347],{"class":346},[49,23014,135],{"class":63},[49,23016,74],{"class":67},[49,23018,71],{"class":63},[49,23020,357],{"class":346},[49,23022,369],{"class":350},[49,23024,347],{"class":346},[49,23026,135],{"class":63},[49,23028,79],{"class":67},[49,23030,8741],{"class":63},[49,23032,23033],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23034,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23038,5391],{"class":3306},[49,23040,21001],{"class":55},[49,23042,71],{"class":63},[49,23044,21006],{"class":55},[49,23046,3313],{"class":3306},[49,23048,3695],{"class":55},[49,23050,91],{"class":63},[49,23052,88],{"class":94},[49,23054,21017],{"class":63},[49,23056,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23058,5831],{"class":3306},[49,23060,21006],{"class":55},[49,23062,4119],{"class":59},[49,23064,74],{"class":67},[49,23066,5826],{"class":63},[49,23068,23069,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,23070,23071],{"class":55},"        numbers",[49,23073,938],{"class":63},[49,23075,347],{"class":346},[49,23077,18190],{"class":350},[49,23079,347],{"class":346},[49,23081,12693],{"class":63},[49,23083,12696],{"class":59},[49,23085,23086],{"class":67}," 4\n",[20,23088,23089],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23091,23092],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[40,23094,23096],{"className":42,"code":23095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23097,23098,23142,23146,23171,23183,23201,23205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23099,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23101,214],{"class":55},[49,23103,60],{"class":59},[49,23105,9923],{"class":63},[49,23107,347],{"class":346},[49,23109,308],{"class":350},[49,23111,347],{"class":346},[49,23113,135],{"class":63},[49,23115,4930],{"class":67},[49,23117,71],{"class":63},[49,23119,357],{"class":346},[49,23121,360],{"class":350},[49,23123,347],{"class":346},[49,23125,135],{"class":63},[49,23127,74],{"class":67},[49,23129,71],{"class":63},[49,23131,357],{"class":346},[49,23133,369],{"class":350},[49,23135,347],{"class":346},[49,23137,135],{"class":63},[49,23139,79],{"class":67},[49,23141,8741],{"class":63},[49,23143,23144],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23145,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23147,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23149,5391],{"class":3306},[49,23151,21001],{"class":55},[49,23153,71],{"class":63},[49,23155,21006],{"class":55},[49,23157,3313],{"class":3306},[49,23159,21982],{"class":1174},[49,23161,108],{"class":63},[49,23163,249],{"class":94},[49,23165,91],{"class":63},[49,23167,88],{"class":94},[49,23169,23170],{"class":63},"()):\n",[49,23172,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23174,5831],{"class":3306},[49,23176,21006],{"class":55},[49,23178,4119],{"class":59},[49,23180,74],{"class":67},[49,23182,5826],{"class":63},[49,23184,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,23186,23071],{"class":55},[49,23188,938],{"class":63},[49,23190,347],{"class":346},[49,23192,18190],{"class":350},[49,23194,347],{"class":346},[49,23196,12693],{"class":63},[49,23198,12696],{"class":59},[49,23200,23086],{"class":67},[49,23202,23203],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,23204,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23206,23207,23209,23211,23213],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,23208,105],{"class":104},[49,23210,108],{"class":63},[49,23212,249],{"class":94},[49,23214,272],{"class":63},[528,23216,23218],{"id":23217},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23220,23221],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[40,23223,23225],{"className":42,"code":23224,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23226,23227,23259,23263,23279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23228,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23230,8597],{"class":55},[49,23232,60],{"class":59},[49,23234,9923],{"class":63},[49,23236,347],{"class":346},[49,23238,1606],{"class":350},[49,23240,347],{"class":346},[49,23242,135],{"class":63},[49,23244,5437],{"class":67},[49,23246,71],{"class":63},[49,23248,357],{"class":346},[49,23250,11169],{"class":350},[49,23252,347],{"class":346},[49,23254,135],{"class":63},[49,23256,226],{"class":67},[49,23258,8741],{"class":63},[49,23260,23261],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23262,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23264,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23266,5391],{"class":3306},[49,23268,5394],{"class":55},[49,23270,3313],{"class":3306},[49,23272,13987],{"class":55},[49,23274,91],{"class":63},[49,23276,88],{"class":94},[49,23278,21017],{"class":63},[49,23280,23281,23283,23285,23287],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23282,7501],{"class":104},[49,23284,108],{"class":63},[49,23286,22733],{"class":94},[49,23288,272],{"class":63},[20,23290,23291],{},[30,23292,275],{},[40,23294,23296],{"className":42,"code":23295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23297,23298,23314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23301,108],{"class":63},[49,23303,2734],{"class":346},[49,23305,1606],{"class":350},[49,23307,2734],{"class":346},[49,23309,71],{"class":63},[49,23311,5437],{"class":67},[49,23313,272],{"class":63},[49,23315,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23317,108],{"class":63},[49,23319,2734],{"class":346},[49,23321,11169],{"class":350},[49,23323,2734],{"class":346},[49,23325,71],{"class":63},[49,23327,226],{"class":67},[49,23329,272],{"class":63},[20,23331,23332,23333,23335],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23334,21077],{}," pair.",[35,23337,1253],{"id":1252},[528,23339,23341,23342,4576],{"id":23340},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23343,16501],{},[20,23345,16843,23346,23348],{},[15,23347,21330],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[528,23350,1257,23352,23354],{"id":23351},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23353,16501],{}," return a list?",[20,23356,23357,23358,23361],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23359,23360],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[528,23363,23365,23366,1284],{"id":23364},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23367,16501],{},[20,23369,23370],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[40,23372,23374],{"className":42,"code":23373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23375,23376,23396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23377,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23379,5391],{"class":3306},[49,23381,21001],{"class":55},[49,23383,71],{"class":63},[49,23385,21006],{"class":55},[49,23387,3313],{"class":3306},[49,23389,11190],{"class":55},[49,23391,91],{"class":63},[49,23393,88],{"class":94},[49,23395,21017],{"class":63},[49,23397,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23399,7501],{"class":104},[49,23401,108],{"class":63},[49,23403,14262],{"class":94},[49,23405,71],{"class":63},[49,23407,7864],{"class":94},[49,23409,272],{"class":63},[528,23411,1257,23413,23415],{"id":23412},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23414,16501],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23417,23418],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[35,23420,1309],{"id":1308},[137,23422,23423,23429,23435,23440,23444],{},[140,23424,23425],{},[308,23426,10169,23427,736],{"href":22309},[15,23428,16488],{},[140,23430,23431],{},[308,23432,10169,23433,736],{"href":22317},[15,23434,16494],{},[140,23436,23437],{},[308,23438,23439],{"href":21896},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[140,23441,23442],{},[308,23443,8587],{"href":12442},[140,23445,23446],{},[308,23447,23448],{"href":21200},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1352,23450,23451],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":23453},[23454,23455,23457,23458,23459,23461,23462,23464,23466,23475,23485],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":21060,"depth":85,"text":23456},"What items() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":21391,"depth":85,"text":21392},{"id":21617,"depth":85,"text":23460},"Looping with items()",{"id":21900,"depth":85,"text":21901},{"id":22092,"depth":85,"text":23463},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22327,"depth":85,"text":23465},"When to use items()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":23467},[23468,23470,23472,23474],{"id":22522,"depth":101,"text":23469},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22780,"depth":101,"text":23471},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22972,"depth":101,"text":23473},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23217,"depth":101,"text":23218},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":23476},[23477,23479,23481,23483],{"id":23340,"depth":101,"text":23478},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23351,"depth":101,"text":23480},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23364,"depth":101,"text":23482},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23412,"depth":101,"text":23484},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20928,"description":23486},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23493,"title":23494,"body":23495,"description":25585,"extension":1392,"meta":25586,"navigation":243,"path":22309,"seo":25587,"stem":25588,"__hash__":25589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23496,"toc":25551},[23497,23502,23508,23511,23522,23529,23531,23614,23618,23665,23670,23675,23680,23682,23698,23700,23799,23803,23860,23863,23865,23868,23961,23965,24028,24031,24047,24052,24054,24056,24071,24073,24084,24086,24129,24132,24175,24178,24180,24187,24190,24207,24209,24302,24306,24347,24359,24363,24366,24454,24458,24478,24481,24508,24515,24520,24524,24535,24537,24641,24645,24671,24674,24741,24746,24749,24772,24777,24781,24786,24792,24797,24799,24854,24858,24885,24892,24898,24901,24926,24932,24958,24961,25036,25043,25048,25050,25089,25107,25111,25114,25157,25160,25162,25181,25183,25188,25213,25216,25286,25289,25362,25366,25368,25429,25432,25448,25450,25455,25460,25467,25476,25482,25488,25495,25501,25505,25510,25512,25548],[10,23498,10749,23500,18],{"id":23499},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23501,16488],{},[20,23503,23504,23505,23507],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23506,16488],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23509,23510],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[137,23512,23513,23516,23519],{},[140,23514,23515],{},"view the available keys",[140,23517,23518],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[140,23520,23521],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23523,23524,23526,23527,91],{},[15,23525,16488],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23528,16437],{},[35,23530,1434],{"id":1433},[40,23532,23534],{"className":42,"code":23533,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23535,23536,23572,23586,23590,23600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23539,12282],{"class":55},[49,23541,60],{"class":59},[49,23543,9923],{"class":63},[49,23545,347],{"class":346},[49,23547,7103],{"class":350},[49,23549,347],{"class":346},[49,23551,135],{"class":63},[49,23553,357],{"class":346},[49,23555,12299],{"class":350},[49,23557,347],{"class":346},[49,23559,71],{"class":63},[49,23561,357],{"class":346},[49,23563,8731],{"class":350},[49,23565,347],{"class":346},[49,23567,135],{"class":63},[49,23569,226],{"class":67},[49,23571,8741],{"class":63},[49,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23575,16665],{"class":55},[49,23577,60],{"class":59},[49,23579,12325],{"class":55},[49,23581,91],{"class":63},[49,23583,16346],{"class":94},[49,23585,98],{"class":63},[49,23587,23588],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23589,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23591,23592,23594,23596,23598],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23593,105],{"class":104},[49,23595,108],{"class":63},[49,23597,16346],{"class":94},[49,23599,272],{"class":63},[49,23601,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,23603,105],{"class":104},[49,23605,108],{"class":63},[49,23607,7526],{"class":1174},[49,23609,108],{"class":63},[49,23611,16346],{"class":94},[49,23613,1182],{"class":63},[20,23615,23616],{},[30,23617,275],{},[40,23619,23621],{"className":42,"code":23620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23622,23623,23645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23624,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23626,16437],{"class":94},[49,23628,2418],{"class":63},[49,23630,2734],{"class":346},[49,23632,7103],{"class":350},[49,23634,2734],{"class":346},[49,23636,71],{"class":63},[49,23638,2729],{"class":346},[49,23640,8731],{"class":350},[49,23642,2734],{"class":346},[49,23644,3319],{"class":63},[49,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23648,938],{"class":63},[49,23650,2734],{"class":346},[49,23652,7103],{"class":350},[49,23654,2734],{"class":346},[49,23656,71],{"class":63},[49,23658,2729],{"class":346},[49,23660,8731],{"class":350},[49,23662,2734],{"class":346},[49,23664,82],{"class":63},[20,23666,120,23667,23669],{},[15,23668,16488],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[35,23671,127,23673,130],{"id":23672},"what-keys-does",[15,23674,16488],{},[20,23676,23677,23679],{},[15,23678,16488],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23681,186],{},[137,23683,23684,23687,23690,23695],{},[140,23685,23686],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[140,23688,23689],{},"It does not need any arguments",[140,23691,16843,23692,23694],{},[15,23693,16437],{}," view object, not a list",[140,23696,23697],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23699,761],{},[40,23701,23703],{"className":42,"code":23702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23704,23705,23741,23745,23759,23763,23785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23706,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23708,12624],{"class":55},[49,23710,60],{"class":59},[49,23712,9923],{"class":63},[49,23714,347],{"class":346},[49,23716,7103],{"class":350},[49,23718,347],{"class":346},[49,23720,135],{"class":63},[49,23722,357],{"class":346},[49,23724,12641],{"class":350},[49,23726,347],{"class":346},[49,23728,71],{"class":63},[49,23730,357],{"class":346},[49,23732,8731],{"class":350},[49,23734,347],{"class":346},[49,23736,135],{"class":63},[49,23738,8738],{"class":67},[49,23740,8741],{"class":63},[49,23742,23743],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23744,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23746,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23748,105],{"class":104},[49,23750,108],{"class":63},[49,23752,16730],{"class":94},[49,23754,91],{"class":63},[49,23756,16346],{"class":94},[49,23758,6628],{"class":63},[49,23760,23761],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23762,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23764,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,23766,16730],{"class":55},[49,23768,938],{"class":63},[49,23770,347],{"class":346},[49,23772,9841],{"class":350},[49,23774,347],{"class":346},[49,23776,12693],{"class":63},[49,23778,12696],{"class":59},[49,23780,357],{"class":346},[49,23782,9848],{"class":350},[49,23784,1124],{"class":346},[49,23786,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,23788,105],{"class":104},[49,23790,108],{"class":63},[49,23792,16730],{"class":94},[49,23794,91],{"class":63},[49,23796,16346],{"class":94},[49,23798,6628],{"class":63},[20,23800,23801],{},[30,23802,275],{},[40,23804,23806],{"className":42,"code":23805,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23807,23808,23830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23809,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23811,16437],{"class":94},[49,23813,2418],{"class":63},[49,23815,2734],{"class":346},[49,23817,7103],{"class":350},[49,23819,2734],{"class":346},[49,23821,71],{"class":63},[49,23823,2729],{"class":346},[49,23825,8731],{"class":350},[49,23827,2734],{"class":346},[49,23829,3319],{"class":63},[49,23831,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23833,16437],{"class":94},[49,23835,2418],{"class":63},[49,23837,2734],{"class":346},[49,23839,7103],{"class":350},[49,23841,2734],{"class":346},[49,23843,71],{"class":63},[49,23845,2729],{"class":346},[49,23847,8731],{"class":350},[49,23849,2734],{"class":346},[49,23851,71],{"class":63},[49,23853,2729],{"class":346},[49,23855,9841],{"class":350},[49,23857,2734],{"class":346},[49,23859,3319],{"class":63},[20,23861,23862],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[35,23864,5220],{"id":5219},[20,23866,23867],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[40,23869,23871],{"className":42,"code":23870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23872,23873,23925,23929,23943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23874,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23876,8597],{"class":55},[49,23878,60],{"class":59},[49,23880,9923],{"class":63},[49,23882,347],{"class":346},[49,23884,7103],{"class":350},[49,23886,347],{"class":346},[49,23888,135],{"class":63},[49,23890,357],{"class":346},[49,23892,12299],{"class":350},[49,23894,347],{"class":346},[49,23896,71],{"class":63},[49,23898,357],{"class":346},[49,23900,8731],{"class":350},[49,23902,347],{"class":346},[49,23904,135],{"class":63},[49,23906,226],{"class":67},[49,23908,71],{"class":63},[49,23910,357],{"class":346},[49,23912,19314],{"class":350},[49,23914,347],{"class":346},[49,23916,135],{"class":63},[49,23918,357],{"class":346},[49,23920,21667],{"class":350},[49,23922,347],{"class":346},[49,23924,8741],{"class":63},[49,23926,23927],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,23928,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,23930,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,23932,105],{"class":104},[49,23934,108],{"class":63},[49,23936,8636],{"class":94},[49,23938,91],{"class":63},[49,23940,16346],{"class":94},[49,23942,6628],{"class":63},[49,23944,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,23946,105],{"class":104},[49,23948,108],{"class":63},[49,23950,7526],{"class":1174},[49,23952,108],{"class":63},[49,23954,8636],{"class":94},[49,23956,91],{"class":63},[49,23958,16346],{"class":94},[49,23960,5723],{"class":63},[20,23962,23963],{},[30,23964,275],{},[40,23966,23968],{"className":42,"code":23967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23969,23970,24000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23971,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23973,16437],{"class":94},[49,23975,2418],{"class":63},[49,23977,2734],{"class":346},[49,23979,7103],{"class":350},[49,23981,2734],{"class":346},[49,23983,71],{"class":63},[49,23985,2729],{"class":346},[49,23987,8731],{"class":350},[49,23989,2734],{"class":346},[49,23991,71],{"class":63},[49,23993,2729],{"class":346},[49,23995,19314],{"class":350},[49,23997,2734],{"class":346},[49,23999,3319],{"class":63},[49,24001,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24003,938],{"class":63},[49,24005,2734],{"class":346},[49,24007,7103],{"class":350},[49,24009,2734],{"class":346},[49,24011,71],{"class":63},[49,24013,2729],{"class":346},[49,24015,8731],{"class":350},[49,24017,2734],{"class":346},[49,24019,71],{"class":63},[49,24021,2729],{"class":346},[49,24023,19314],{"class":350},[49,24025,2734],{"class":346},[49,24027,82],{"class":63},[20,24029,24030],{},"This shows two things:",[137,24032,24033,24041],{},[140,24034,24035,21397,24038,24040],{},[15,24036,24037],{},"data.keys()",[15,24039,16437],{}," object",[140,24042,24043,24046],{},[15,24044,24045],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24048,8583,24049,91],{},[308,24050,24051],{"href":8823},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[35,24053,4863],{"id":4862},[20,24055,1592],{},[40,24057,24059],{"className":42,"code":24058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24060,24061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24062,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24064,10877],{"class":55},[49,24066,91],{"class":63},[49,24068,16346],{"class":94},[49,24070,98],{"class":63},[20,24072,21222],{},[137,24074,24075,24078,24081],{},[140,24076,24077],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[140,24079,24080],{},"It takes no parameters",[140,24082,24083],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24085,16078],{},[40,24087,24089],{"className":42,"code":24088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24090,24091,24115],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24092,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24094,12282],{"class":55},[49,24096,60],{"class":59},[49,24098,9923],{"class":63},[49,24100,347],{"class":346},[49,24102,7103],{"class":350},[49,24104,347],{"class":346},[49,24106,135],{"class":63},[49,24108,357],{"class":346},[49,24110,12299],{"class":350},[49,24112,347],{"class":346},[49,24114,8741],{"class":63},[49,24116,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24118,105],{"class":104},[49,24120,108],{"class":63},[49,24122,13046],{"class":94},[49,24124,91],{"class":63},[49,24126,16346],{"class":94},[49,24128,6628],{"class":63},[20,24130,24131],{},"Incorrect:",[40,24133,24135],{"className":42,"code":24134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24136,24137,24161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24138,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24140,12282],{"class":55},[49,24142,60],{"class":59},[49,24144,9923],{"class":63},[49,24146,347],{"class":346},[49,24148,7103],{"class":350},[49,24150,347],{"class":346},[49,24152,135],{"class":63},[49,24154,357],{"class":346},[49,24156,12299],{"class":350},[49,24158,347],{"class":346},[49,24160,8741],{"class":63},[49,24162,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24164,105],{"class":104},[49,24166,108],{"class":63},[49,24168,13046],{"class":94},[49,24170,91],{"class":63},[49,24172,16346],{"class":915},[49,24174,272],{"class":63},[20,24176,24177],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[35,24179,315],{"id":314},[20,24181,24182,21397,24184,24186],{},[15,24183,16488],{},[15,24185,16437],{}," object.",[20,24188,24189],{},"This object:",[137,24191,24192,24195,24198,24204],{},[140,24193,24194],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[140,24196,24197],{},"can be used in a loop",[140,24199,24200,24201],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24202,24203],{},"list()",[140,24205,24206],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24208,761],{},[40,24210,24212],{"className":42,"code":24211,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24213,24214,24255,24259,24274,24278,24288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24215,24216,24219,24221,24223,24225,24228,24230,24232,24234,24237,24239,24241,24243,24246,24248,24250,24253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24217,24218],{"class":55},"car ",[49,24220,60],{"class":59},[49,24222,9923],{"class":63},[49,24224,347],{"class":346},[49,24226,24227],{"class":350},"brand",[49,24229,347],{"class":346},[49,24231,135],{"class":63},[49,24233,357],{"class":346},[49,24235,24236],{"class":350},"Toyota",[49,24238,347],{"class":346},[49,24240,71],{"class":63},[49,24242,357],{"class":346},[49,24244,24245],{"class":350},"year",[49,24247,347],{"class":346},[49,24249,135],{"class":63},[49,24251,24252],{"class":67}," 2020",[49,24254,8741],{"class":63},[49,24256,24257],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24258,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,24260,24261,24263,24265,24268,24270,24272],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24262,382],{"class":55},[49,24264,60],{"class":59},[49,24266,24267],{"class":55}," car",[49,24269,91],{"class":63},[49,24271,16346],{"class":94},[49,24273,98],{"class":63},[49,24275,24276],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,24277,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,24279,24280,24282,24284,24286],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,24281,105],{"class":104},[49,24283,108],{"class":63},[49,24285,420],{"class":94},[49,24287,272],{"class":63},[49,24289,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,24291,105],{"class":104},[49,24293,108],{"class":63},[49,24295,1175],{"class":1174},[49,24297,108],{"class":63},[49,24299,420],{"class":94},[49,24301,1182],{"class":63},[20,24303,24304],{},[30,24305,275],{},[40,24307,24309],{"className":42,"code":24308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24310,24311,24333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24312,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24314,16437],{"class":94},[49,24316,2418],{"class":63},[49,24318,2734],{"class":346},[49,24320,24227],{"class":350},[49,24322,2734],{"class":346},[49,24324,71],{"class":63},[49,24326,2729],{"class":346},[49,24328,24245],{"class":350},[49,24330,2734],{"class":346},[49,24332,3319],{"class":63},[49,24334,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24336,2723],{"class":59},[49,24338,2726],{"class":1497},[49,24340,2729],{"class":346},[49,24342,16437],{"class":350},[49,24344,2734],{"class":346},[49,24346,2737],{"class":59},[20,24348,24349,24350,24354,24355,91],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[308,24351,10169,24352,736],{"href":16491},[15,24353,16494],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[308,24356,10169,24357,736],{"href":16498},[15,24358,16501],{},[35,24360,24362],{"id":24361},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24364,24365],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[40,24367,24369],{"className":42,"code":24368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24370,24371,24424,24428,24444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24372,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24420,24422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24374,12282],{"class":55},[49,24376,60],{"class":59},[49,24378,9923],{"class":63},[49,24380,347],{"class":346},[49,24382,7103],{"class":350},[49,24384,347],{"class":346},[49,24386,135],{"class":63},[49,24388,357],{"class":346},[49,24390,12299],{"class":350},[49,24392,347],{"class":346},[49,24394,71],{"class":63},[49,24396,357],{"class":346},[49,24398,8731],{"class":350},[49,24400,347],{"class":346},[49,24402,135],{"class":63},[49,24404,226],{"class":67},[49,24406,71],{"class":63},[49,24408,357],{"class":346},[49,24410,14750],{"class":350},[49,24412,347],{"class":346},[49,24414,135],{"class":63},[49,24416,357],{"class":346},[49,24418,24419],{"class":350},"Math",[49,24421,347],{"class":346},[49,24423,8741],{"class":63},[49,24425,24426],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24427,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,24429,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24431,5391],{"class":3306},[49,24433,17631],{"class":55},[49,24435,3313],{"class":3306},[49,24437,12325],{"class":55},[49,24439,91],{"class":63},[49,24441,16346],{"class":94},[49,24443,21017],{"class":63},[49,24445,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,24447,7501],{"class":104},[49,24449,108],{"class":63},[49,24451,14262],{"class":94},[49,24453,272],{"class":63},[20,24455,24456],{},[30,24457,275],{},[40,24459,24461],{"className":42,"code":24460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24462,24463,24468,24473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24464,24465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24466,24467],{"class":55},"name\n",[49,24469,24470],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24471,24472],{"class":55},"age\n",[49,24474,24475],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24476,24477],{"class":55},"course\n",[20,24479,24480],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[40,24482,24484],{"className":42,"code":24483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24485,24486,24498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24487,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24489,5391],{"class":3306},[49,24491,17631],{"class":55},[49,24493,3313],{"class":3306},[49,24495,12325],{"class":55},[49,24497,5826],{"class":63},[49,24499,24500,24502,24504,24506],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24501,7501],{"class":104},[49,24503,108],{"class":63},[49,24505,14262],{"class":94},[49,24507,272],{"class":63},[20,24509,24510,24511,24514],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24512,24513],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[35,24516,740,24518],{"id":24517},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24519,16488],{},[20,24521,120,24522,10033],{},[15,24523,16488],{},[137,24525,24526,24529,24532],{},[140,24527,24528],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[140,24530,24531],{},"you want to display available fields",[140,24533,24534],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24536,761],{},[40,24538,24540],{"className":42,"code":24539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24541,24542,24595,24599,24614,24631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24543,24544,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24564,24566,24568,24570,24573,24575,24577,24580,24582,24584,24587,24589,24591,24593],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24545,24546],{"class":55},"product ",[49,24548,60],{"class":59},[49,24550,9923],{"class":63},[49,24552,347],{"class":346},[49,24554,7103],{"class":350},[49,24556,347],{"class":346},[49,24558,135],{"class":63},[49,24560,357],{"class":346},[49,24562,24563],{"class":350},"Book",[49,24565,347],{"class":346},[49,24567,71],{"class":63},[49,24569,357],{"class":346},[49,24571,24572],{"class":350},"price",[49,24574,347],{"class":346},[49,24576,135],{"class":63},[49,24578,24579],{"class":67}," 12.99",[49,24581,71],{"class":63},[49,24583,357],{"class":346},[49,24585,24586],{"class":350},"stock",[49,24588,347],{"class":346},[49,24590,135],{"class":63},[49,24592,4036],{"class":67},[49,24594,8741],{"class":63},[49,24596,24597],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24598,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,24600,24601,24603,24605,24607,24610,24612],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24602,105],{"class":104},[49,24604,108],{"class":63},[49,24606,347],{"class":346},[49,24608,24609],{"class":350},"Available fields:",[49,24611,347],{"class":346},[49,24613,272],{"class":63},[49,24615,24616,24618,24620,24622,24625,24627,24629],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,24617,5391],{"class":3306},[49,24619,17631],{"class":55},[49,24621,3313],{"class":3306},[49,24623,24624],{"class":55}," product",[49,24626,91],{"class":63},[49,24628,16346],{"class":94},[49,24630,21017],{"class":63},[49,24632,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,24634,7501],{"class":104},[49,24636,108],{"class":63},[49,24638,14262],{"class":94},[49,24640,272],{"class":63},[20,24642,24643],{},[30,24644,275],{},[40,24646,24648],{"className":42,"code":24647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24649,24650,24657,24661,24666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24651,24652,24655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24653,24654],{"class":55},"Available fields",[49,24656,5826],{"class":63},[49,24658,24659],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24660,24467],{"class":55},[49,24662,24663],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24664,24665],{"class":55},"price\n",[49,24667,24668],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,24669,24670],{"class":55},"stock\n",[20,24672,24673],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[40,24675,24677],{"className":42,"code":24676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24678,24679,24715,24719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24680,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24682,24546],{"class":55},[49,24684,60],{"class":59},[49,24686,9923],{"class":63},[49,24688,347],{"class":346},[49,24690,7103],{"class":350},[49,24692,347],{"class":346},[49,24694,135],{"class":63},[49,24696,357],{"class":346},[49,24698,24563],{"class":350},[49,24700,347],{"class":346},[49,24702,71],{"class":63},[49,24704,357],{"class":346},[49,24706,24572],{"class":350},[49,24708,347],{"class":346},[49,24710,135],{"class":63},[49,24712,24579],{"class":67},[49,24714,8741],{"class":63},[49,24716,24717],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24718,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,24720,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,24722,105],{"class":104},[49,24724,108],{"class":63},[49,24726,347],{"class":346},[49,24728,7103],{"class":350},[49,24730,347],{"class":346},[49,24732,20595],{"class":3306},[49,24734,24624],{"class":94},[49,24736,91],{"class":63},[49,24738,16346],{"class":94},[49,24740,6628],{"class":63},[20,24742,24743,24744,91],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24745,3039],{},[20,24747,24748],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[40,24750,24752],{"className":42,"code":24751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24753,24754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24755,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24757,105],{"class":104},[49,24759,108],{"class":63},[49,24761,347],{"class":346},[49,24763,7103],{"class":350},[49,24765,347],{"class":346},[49,24767,20595],{"class":3306},[49,24769,24624],{"class":94},[49,24771,272],{"class":63},[20,24773,24774,24775,91],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[308,24776,20628],{"href":16576},[35,24778,24780],{"id":24779},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24782,24783,24784,91],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24785,16488],{},[528,24787,1011,24789,24791],{"id":24788},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24790,16488],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24793,24794,24796],{},[15,24795,16488],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24798,761],{},[40,24800,24802],{"className":42,"code":24801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24803,24804,24840],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24805,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24807,8597],{"class":55},[49,24809,60],{"class":59},[49,24811,9923],{"class":63},[49,24813,347],{"class":346},[49,24815,7103],{"class":350},[49,24817,347],{"class":346},[49,24819,135],{"class":63},[49,24821,357],{"class":346},[49,24823,12299],{"class":350},[49,24825,347],{"class":346},[49,24827,71],{"class":63},[49,24829,357],{"class":346},[49,24831,8731],{"class":350},[49,24833,347],{"class":346},[49,24835,135],{"class":63},[49,24837,226],{"class":67},[49,24839,8741],{"class":63},[49,24841,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,24843,105],{"class":104},[49,24845,108],{"class":63},[49,24847,8636],{"class":94},[49,24849,91],{"class":63},[49,24851,16346],{"class":94},[49,24853,6628],{"class":63},[20,24855,24856],{},[30,24857,275],{},[40,24859,24861],{"className":42,"code":24860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24862,24863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24864,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24866,16437],{"class":94},[49,24868,2418],{"class":63},[49,24870,2734],{"class":346},[49,24872,7103],{"class":350},[49,24874,2734],{"class":346},[49,24876,71],{"class":63},[49,24878,2729],{"class":346},[49,24880,8731],{"class":350},[49,24882,2734],{"class":346},[49,24884,3319],{"class":63},[20,24886,24887,24888,91],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[308,24889,24890],{"href":16498},[15,24891,16501],{},[528,24893,24895,24896],{"id":24894},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24897,16437],{},[20,24899,24900],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[40,24902,24904],{"className":42,"code":24903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24905,24906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24907,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24909,938],{"class":63},[49,24911,2734],{"class":346},[49,24913,7103],{"class":350},[49,24915,2734],{"class":346},[49,24917,71],{"class":63},[49,24919,2729],{"class":346},[49,24921,8731],{"class":350},[49,24923,2734],{"class":346},[49,24925,82],{"class":63},[20,24927,24928,24929,24931],{},"But ",[15,24930,16488],{}," returns:",[40,24933,24934],{"className":42,"code":24860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,24935,24936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24937,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24939,16437],{"class":94},[49,24941,2418],{"class":63},[49,24943,2734],{"class":346},[49,24945,7103],{"class":350},[49,24947,2734],{"class":346},[49,24949,71],{"class":63},[49,24951,2729],{"class":346},[49,24953,8731],{"class":350},[49,24955,2734],{"class":346},[49,24957,3319],{"class":63},[20,24959,24960],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[40,24962,24964],{"className":42,"code":24963,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24965,24966,25002,25021,25025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24967,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24969,8597],{"class":55},[49,24971,60],{"class":59},[49,24973,9923],{"class":63},[49,24975,347],{"class":346},[49,24977,7103],{"class":350},[49,24979,347],{"class":346},[49,24981,135],{"class":63},[49,24983,357],{"class":346},[49,24985,12299],{"class":350},[49,24987,347],{"class":346},[49,24989,71],{"class":63},[49,24991,357],{"class":346},[49,24993,8731],{"class":350},[49,24995,347],{"class":346},[49,24997,135],{"class":63},[49,24999,226],{"class":67},[49,25001,8741],{"class":63},[49,25003,25004,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25005,25006],{"class":55},"key_list ",[49,25008,60],{"class":59},[49,25010,21982],{"class":1174},[49,25012,108],{"class":63},[49,25014,8636],{"class":94},[49,25016,91],{"class":63},[49,25018,16346],{"class":94},[49,25020,6628],{"class":63},[49,25022,25023],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25024,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25026,25027,25029,25031,25034],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25028,105],{"class":104},[49,25030,108],{"class":63},[49,25032,25033],{"class":94},"key_list",[49,25035,272],{"class":63},[528,25037,25039,25040,25042],{"id":25038},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25041,16488],{}," on a list or string",[20,25044,25045,25047],{},[15,25046,16488],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25049,2268],{},[40,25051,25053],{"className":42,"code":25052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25054,25055,25075],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25058,214],{"class":55},[49,25060,60],{"class":59},[49,25062,64],{"class":63},[49,25064,68],{"class":67},[49,25066,71],{"class":63},[49,25068,74],{"class":67},[49,25070,71],{"class":63},[49,25072,79],{"class":67},[49,25074,82],{"class":63},[49,25076,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25078,105],{"class":104},[49,25080,108],{"class":63},[49,25082,249],{"class":94},[49,25084,91],{"class":63},[49,25086,16346],{"class":94},[49,25088,6628],{"class":63},[20,25090,25091,25092,25095,25096,25098,25099,91],{},"You may get an ",[15,25093,25094],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25097,16488],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[308,25100,25102,25103,25106],{"href":25101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25104,25105],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[528,25108,25110],{"id":25109},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25112,25113],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[40,25115,25117],{"className":42,"code":25116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25118,25119,25143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25120,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25122,8597],{"class":55},[49,25124,60],{"class":59},[49,25126,9923],{"class":63},[49,25128,347],{"class":346},[49,25130,7103],{"class":350},[49,25132,347],{"class":346},[49,25134,135],{"class":63},[49,25136,357],{"class":346},[49,25138,12299],{"class":350},[49,25140,347],{"class":346},[49,25142,8741],{"class":63},[49,25144,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25146,105],{"class":104},[49,25148,108],{"class":63},[49,25150,8636],{"class":94},[49,25152,91],{"class":63},[49,25154,16346],{"class":915},[49,25156,272],{"class":63},[20,25158,25159],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25161,18117],{},[40,25163,25165],{"className":42,"code":25164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25166,25167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25168,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25170,105],{"class":104},[49,25172,108],{"class":63},[49,25174,8636],{"class":94},[49,25176,91],{"class":63},[49,25178,16346],{"class":94},[49,25180,6628],{"class":63},[35,25182,2261],{"id":2260},[20,25184,25185,25186,135],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25187,16488],{},[137,25189,25190,25195,25201,25207],{},[140,25191,1092,25192,25194],{},[15,25193,16488],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[140,25196,25197,25198,25200],{},"Thinking ",[15,25199,16488],{}," returns values too",[140,25202,25203,25204,25206],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25205,16437],{}," like a normal list",[140,25208,25209,25210,25212],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25211,16437],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25214,25215],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[40,25217,25219],{"className":42,"code":25218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25220,25221,25253,25267,25271,25281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25222,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25224,8597],{"class":55},[49,25226,60],{"class":59},[49,25228,9923],{"class":63},[49,25230,347],{"class":346},[49,25232,308],{"class":350},[49,25234,347],{"class":346},[49,25236,135],{"class":63},[49,25238,4930],{"class":67},[49,25240,71],{"class":63},[49,25242,357],{"class":346},[49,25244,360],{"class":350},[49,25246,347],{"class":346},[49,25248,135],{"class":63},[49,25250,74],{"class":67},[49,25252,8741],{"class":63},[49,25254,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25256,16665],{"class":55},[49,25258,60],{"class":59},[49,25260,13987],{"class":55},[49,25262,91],{"class":63},[49,25264,16346],{"class":94},[49,25266,98],{"class":63},[49,25268,25269],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25270,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25272,25273,25275,25277,25279],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25274,105],{"class":104},[49,25276,108],{"class":63},[49,25278,16346],{"class":94},[49,25280,272],{"class":63},[49,25282,25283],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,25284,25285],{"class":116},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25287,25288],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[40,25290,25292],{"className":42,"code":25291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25293,25294,25326,25344,25348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25295,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25297,8597],{"class":55},[49,25299,60],{"class":59},[49,25301,9923],{"class":63},[49,25303,347],{"class":346},[49,25305,308],{"class":350},[49,25307,347],{"class":346},[49,25309,135],{"class":63},[49,25311,4930],{"class":67},[49,25313,71],{"class":63},[49,25315,357],{"class":346},[49,25317,360],{"class":350},[49,25319,347],{"class":346},[49,25321,135],{"class":63},[49,25323,74],{"class":67},[49,25325,8741],{"class":63},[49,25327,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25329,16665],{"class":55},[49,25331,60],{"class":59},[49,25333,21982],{"class":1174},[49,25335,108],{"class":63},[49,25337,8636],{"class":94},[49,25339,91],{"class":63},[49,25341,16346],{"class":94},[49,25343,6628],{"class":63},[49,25345,25346],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25347,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25349,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25351,105],{"class":104},[49,25353,108],{"class":63},[49,25355,16346],{"class":94},[49,25357,938],{"class":63},[49,25359,1552],{"class":67},[49,25361,3319],{"class":63},[35,25363,25365],{"id":25364},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25367,10543],{},[40,25369,25371],{"className":42,"code":25370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25372,25373,25387,25397,25411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25374,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25376,105],{"class":104},[49,25378,108],{"class":63},[49,25380,1175],{"class":1174},[49,25382,108],{"class":63},[49,25384,10877],{"class":94},[49,25386,1182],{"class":63},[49,25388,25389,25391,25393,25395],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25390,105],{"class":104},[49,25392,108],{"class":63},[49,25394,10877],{"class":94},[49,25396,272],{"class":63},[49,25398,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25400,105],{"class":104},[49,25402,108],{"class":63},[49,25404,10877],{"class":94},[49,25406,91],{"class":63},[49,25408,16346],{"class":94},[49,25410,6628],{"class":63},[49,25412,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25414,105],{"class":104},[49,25416,108],{"class":63},[49,25418,7526],{"class":1174},[49,25420,108],{"class":63},[49,25422,10877],{"class":94},[49,25424,91],{"class":63},[49,25426,16346],{"class":94},[49,25428,5723],{"class":63},[20,25430,25431],{},"These help you confirm:",[137,25433,25434,25437,25440,25445],{},[140,25435,25436],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[140,25438,25439],{},"what data it contains",[140,25441,25442,25443,11129],{},"what ",[15,25444,16488],{},[140,25446,25447],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[35,25449,1253],{"id":1252},[528,25451,23341,25453,4576],{"id":25452},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25454,16488],{},[20,25456,16843,25457,25459],{},[15,25458,16437],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[528,25461,14324,25463,25466],{"id":25462},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25464,25465],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25468,25469,25470,25472,25473,91],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25471,16437],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25474,25475],{},"list(dict.keys())",[528,25477,25479,25480,1284],{"id":25478},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25481,25465],{},[20,25483,25484,25485,25487],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25486,5391],{}," loop.",[528,25489,25491,25492,25494],{"id":25490},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25493,16488],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25496,25497,25498,25500],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25499,16488],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[528,25502,25504],{"id":25503},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25506,120,25507,91],{},[15,25508,25509],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[35,25511,1309],{"id":1308},[137,25513,25514,25519,25525,25531,25537,25541],{},[140,25515,25516],{},[308,25517,25518],{"href":8823},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[140,25520,25521],{},[308,25522,10169,25523,736],{"href":16491},[15,25524,16494],{},[140,25526,25527],{},[308,25528,10169,25529,736],{"href":16498},[15,25530,16501],{},[140,25532,25533],{},[308,25534,25536],{"href":25535},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[140,25538,25539],{},[308,25540,16577],{"href":16576},[140,25542,25543],{},[308,25544,25545,25546,25106],{"href":25101},"How to fix ",[15,25547,25105],{},[1352,25549,25550],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":25552},[25553,25554,25556,25557,25558,25559,25560,25562,25571,25572,25573,25584],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":23672,"depth":85,"text":25555},"What keys() does",{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":24361,"depth":85,"text":24362},{"id":24517,"depth":85,"text":25561},"When to use keys()",{"id":24779,"depth":85,"text":24780,"children":25563},[25564,25566,25568,25570],{"id":24788,"depth":101,"text":25565},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24894,"depth":101,"text":25567},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25038,"depth":101,"text":25569},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25109,"depth":101,"text":25110},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":25364,"depth":85,"text":25365},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":25574},[25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"id":25452,"depth":101,"text":25576},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25462,"depth":101,"text":25578},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25478,"depth":101,"text":25580},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25490,"depth":101,"text":25582},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25503,"depth":101,"text":25504},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23494,"description":25585},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25591,"title":25592,"body":25593,"description":27865,"extension":1392,"meta":27866,"navigation":243,"path":27867,"seo":27868,"stem":27869,"__hash__":27870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25594,"toc":27818},[25595,25600,25605,25608,25610,25756,25769,25774,25778,25792,25794,25897,25906,25908,25911,25949,25974,25976,26083,26085,26092,26095,26103,26105,26246,26254,26259,26263,26274,26276,26438,26441,26449,26456,26462,26559,26565,26642,26645,26657,26662,26668,26671,26675,26764,26767,26771,26875,26882,26969,26978,26980,26985,26991,26994,27040,27043,27109,27118,27124,27217,27223,27229,27272,27275,27340,27346,27438,27441,27445,27451,27476,27479,27575,27582,27584,27589,27680,27682,27710,27715,27717,27724,27727,27731,27741,27746,27749,27755,27765,27772,27780,27782,27815],[10,25596,10749,25598,18],{"id":25597},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25599,1328],{},[20,25601,25602,25604],{},[15,25603,11992],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25606,25607],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[35,25609,38],{"id":37},[40,25611,25613],{"className":42,"code":25612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25614,25615,25651,25675,25689,25702,25706,25711,25743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25616,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25618,12624],{"class":55},[49,25620,60],{"class":59},[49,25622,9923],{"class":63},[49,25624,347],{"class":346},[49,25626,7103],{"class":350},[49,25628,347],{"class":346},[49,25630,135],{"class":63},[49,25632,357],{"class":346},[49,25634,12299],{"class":350},[49,25636,347],{"class":346},[49,25638,71],{"class":63},[49,25640,357],{"class":346},[49,25642,8731],{"class":350},[49,25644,347],{"class":346},[49,25646,135],{"class":63},[49,25648,8738],{"class":67},[49,25650,8741],{"class":63},[49,25652,25653,25656,25658,25660,25662,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25654,25655],{"class":55},"removed_age ",[49,25657,60],{"class":59},[49,25659,12667],{"class":55},[49,25661,91],{"class":63},[49,25663,25664],{"class":94},"pop",[49,25666,108],{"class":63},[49,25668,347],{"class":346},[49,25670,8731],{"class":350},[49,25672,347],{"class":346},[49,25674,272],{"class":63},[49,25676,25677,25679,25681,25684,25686],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25678,105],{"class":104},[49,25680,108],{"class":63},[49,25682,25683],{"class":94},"removed_age",[49,25685,113],{"class":63},[49,25687,25688],{"class":116},"   # 25\n",[49,25690,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25692,105],{"class":104},[49,25694,108],{"class":63},[49,25696,16730],{"class":94},[49,25698,113],{"class":63},[49,25700,25701],{"class":116},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,25703,25704],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,25705,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25707,25708],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,25709,25710],{"class":116},"# Safe version with default value\n",[49,25712,25713,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736,25739,25741],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,25714,25715],{"class":55},"country ",[49,25717,60],{"class":59},[49,25719,12667],{"class":55},[49,25721,91],{"class":63},[49,25723,25664],{"class":94},[49,25725,108],{"class":63},[49,25727,347],{"class":346},[49,25729,14683],{"class":350},[49,25731,347],{"class":346},[49,25733,71],{"class":63},[49,25735,357],{"class":346},[49,25737,25738],{"class":350},"Not found",[49,25740,347],{"class":346},[49,25742,272],{"class":63},[49,25744,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,25746,105],{"class":104},[49,25748,108],{"class":63},[49,25750,14683],{"class":94},[49,25752,113],{"class":63},[49,25754,25755],{"class":116},"       # Not found\n",[20,25757,120,25758,25761,25762,25765,25766,25768],{},[15,25759,25760],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25763,25764],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25767,19110],{}," when the key might not exist.",[35,25770,127,25772,130],{"id":25771},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25773,11992],{},[20,25775,25776,135],{},[15,25777,11992],{},[137,25779,25780,25783,25786,25789],{},[140,25781,25782],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[140,25784,25785],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[140,25787,25788],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[140,25790,25791],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25793,761],{},[40,25795,25797],{"className":42,"code":25796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25798,25799,25839,25843,25866,25870,25884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25800,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25802,10912],{"class":55},[49,25804,60],{"class":59},[49,25806,9923],{"class":63},[49,25808,347],{"class":346},[49,25810,7103],{"class":350},[49,25812,347],{"class":346},[49,25814,135],{"class":63},[49,25816,357],{"class":346},[49,25818,12641],{"class":350},[49,25820,347],{"class":346},[49,25822,71],{"class":63},[49,25824,357],{"class":346},[49,25826,9841],{"class":350},[49,25828,347],{"class":346},[49,25830,135],{"class":63},[49,25832,357],{"class":346},[49,25834,9848],{"class":350},[49,25836,347],{"class":346},[49,25838,8741],{"class":63},[49,25840,25841],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25842,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25844,25845,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,25846,25847],{"class":55},"removed_city ",[49,25849,60],{"class":59},[49,25851,10995],{"class":55},[49,25853,91],{"class":63},[49,25855,25664],{"class":94},[49,25857,108],{"class":63},[49,25859,347],{"class":346},[49,25861,9841],{"class":350},[49,25863,347],{"class":346},[49,25865,272],{"class":63},[49,25867,25868],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,25869,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,25871,25872,25874,25876,25879,25881],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,25873,105],{"class":104},[49,25875,108],{"class":63},[49,25877,25878],{"class":94},"removed_city",[49,25880,113],{"class":63},[49,25882,25883],{"class":116},"  # Paris\n",[49,25885,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,25887,105],{"class":104},[49,25889,108],{"class":63},[49,25891,11006],{"class":94},[49,25893,113],{"class":63},[49,25895,25896],{"class":116},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25898,705,25899,25902,25903,91],{},[15,25900,25901],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25904,25905],{},"\"Paris\"",[35,25907,164],{"id":163},[20,25909,25910],{},"There are two common forms:",[40,25912,25914],{"className":42,"code":25913,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25915,25916,25930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25917,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25919,10877],{"class":55},[49,25921,91],{"class":63},[49,25923,25664],{"class":94},[49,25925,108],{"class":63},[49,25927,14262],{"class":94},[49,25929,272],{"class":63},[49,25931,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25947],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,25933,10877],{"class":55},[49,25935,91],{"class":63},[49,25937,25664],{"class":94},[49,25939,108],{"class":63},[49,25941,14262],{"class":94},[49,25943,71],{"class":63},[49,25945,25946],{"class":94}," default",[49,25948,272],{"class":63},[137,25950,25951,25957,25965,25971],{},[140,25952,25953,25956],{},[15,25954,25955],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[140,25958,25959,25961,25962,25964],{},[15,25960,25955],{}," raises ",[15,25963,19110],{}," if the key is missing",[140,25966,25967,25970],{},[15,25968,25969],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[140,25972,25973],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25975,761],{},[40,25977,25979],{"className":42,"code":25978,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25980,25981,26013,26017,26042,26070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25982,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25984,4494],{"class":55},[49,25986,60],{"class":59},[49,25988,9923],{"class":63},[49,25990,347],{"class":346},[49,25992,17839],{"class":350},[49,25994,347],{"class":346},[49,25996,135],{"class":63},[49,25998,19321],{"class":67},[49,26000,71],{"class":63},[49,26002,357],{"class":346},[49,26004,17848],{"class":350},[49,26006,347],{"class":346},[49,26008,135],{"class":63},[49,26010,12927],{"class":67},[49,26012,8741],{"class":63},[49,26014,26015],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26016,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26018,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26020,105],{"class":104},[49,26022,108],{"class":63},[49,26024,15811],{"class":94},[49,26026,91],{"class":63},[49,26028,25664],{"class":94},[49,26030,108],{"class":63},[49,26032,347],{"class":346},[49,26034,17839],{"class":350},[49,26036,347],{"class":346},[49,26038,4793],{"class":63},[49,26040,26041],{"class":116},"         # 90\n",[49,26043,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26045,105],{"class":104},[49,26047,108],{"class":63},[49,26049,15811],{"class":94},[49,26051,91],{"class":63},[49,26053,25664],{"class":94},[49,26055,108],{"class":63},[49,26057,347],{"class":346},[49,26059,17857],{"class":350},[49,26061,347],{"class":346},[49,26063,71],{"class":63},[49,26065,3263],{"class":67},[49,26067,4793],{"class":63},[49,26069,20191],{"class":116},[49,26071,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26073,105],{"class":104},[49,26075,108],{"class":63},[49,26077,15811],{"class":94},[49,26079,113],{"class":63},[49,26081,26082],{"class":116},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[35,26084,315],{"id":314},[20,26086,26087,13474,26089,26091],{},[15,26088,1328],{},[30,26090,329],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26093,26094],{},"Instead, it returns:",[137,26096,26097,26100],{},[140,26098,26099],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[140,26101,26102],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26104,761],{},[40,26106,26108],{"className":42,"code":26107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26109,26110,26142,26146,26169,26201,26205,26219,26233],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26111,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26113,8597],{"class":55},[49,26115,60],{"class":59},[49,26117,9923],{"class":63},[49,26119,347],{"class":346},[49,26121,308],{"class":350},[49,26123,347],{"class":346},[49,26125,135],{"class":63},[49,26127,5437],{"class":67},[49,26129,71],{"class":63},[49,26131,357],{"class":346},[49,26133,360],{"class":350},[49,26135,347],{"class":346},[49,26137,135],{"class":63},[49,26139,226],{"class":67},[49,26141,8741],{"class":63},[49,26143,26144],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26145,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26147,26148,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26149,26150],{"class":55},"result1 ",[49,26152,60],{"class":59},[49,26154,13987],{"class":55},[49,26156,91],{"class":63},[49,26158,25664],{"class":94},[49,26160,108],{"class":63},[49,26162,347],{"class":346},[49,26164,308],{"class":350},[49,26166,347],{"class":346},[49,26168,272],{"class":63},[49,26170,26171,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26197,26199],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26172,26173],{"class":55},"result2 ",[49,26175,60],{"class":59},[49,26177,13987],{"class":55},[49,26179,91],{"class":63},[49,26181,25664],{"class":94},[49,26183,108],{"class":63},[49,26185,347],{"class":346},[49,26187,369],{"class":350},[49,26189,347],{"class":346},[49,26191,71],{"class":63},[49,26193,357],{"class":346},[49,26195,26196],{"class":350},"missing",[49,26198,347],{"class":346},[49,26200,272],{"class":63},[49,26202,26203],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26204,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26206,26207,26209,26211,26214,26216],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26208,105],{"class":104},[49,26210,108],{"class":63},[49,26212,26213],{"class":94},"result1",[49,26215,113],{"class":63},[49,26217,26218],{"class":116},"  # 10\n",[49,26220,26221,26223,26225,26228,26230],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,26222,105],{"class":104},[49,26224,108],{"class":63},[49,26226,26227],{"class":94},"result2",[49,26229,113],{"class":63},[49,26231,26232],{"class":116},"  # missing\n",[49,26234,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,26236,105],{"class":104},[49,26238,108],{"class":63},[49,26240,8636],{"class":94},[49,26242,113],{"class":63},[49,26244,26245],{"class":116},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26247,26248,26249,6064],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[308,26250,26251],{"href":10168},[15,26252,26253],{},"dict.get()",[35,26255,740,26257],{"id":26256},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26258,1328],{},[20,26260,120,26261,10033],{},[15,26262,1328],{},[137,26264,26265,26268,26271],{},[140,26266,26267],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[140,26269,26270],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[140,26272,26273],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26275,761],{},[40,26277,26279],{"className":42,"code":26278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26280,26281,26333,26337,26364,26368,26392,26396,26410,26424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26282,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26317,26319,26321,26324,26326,26328,26331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26284,24546],{"class":55},[49,26286,60],{"class":59},[49,26288,9923],{"class":63},[49,26290,347],{"class":346},[49,26292,7103],{"class":350},[49,26294,347],{"class":346},[49,26296,135],{"class":63},[49,26298,357],{"class":346},[49,26300,26301],{"class":350},"Laptop",[49,26303,347],{"class":346},[49,26305,71],{"class":63},[49,26307,357],{"class":346},[49,26309,24572],{"class":350},[49,26311,347],{"class":346},[49,26313,135],{"class":63},[49,26315,26316],{"class":67}," 1200",[49,26318,71],{"class":63},[49,26320,357],{"class":346},[49,26322,26323],{"class":350},"discount",[49,26325,347],{"class":346},[49,26327,135],{"class":63},[49,26329,26330],{"class":67}," 200",[49,26332,8741],{"class":63},[49,26334,26335],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26336,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26338,26339,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26340,26341],{"class":55},"discount_amount ",[49,26343,60],{"class":59},[49,26345,24624],{"class":55},[49,26347,91],{"class":63},[49,26349,25664],{"class":94},[49,26351,108],{"class":63},[49,26353,347],{"class":346},[49,26355,26323],{"class":350},[49,26357,347],{"class":346},[49,26359,71],{"class":63},[49,26361,3263],{"class":67},[49,26363,272],{"class":63},[49,26365,26366],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26367,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26369,26370,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26371,26372],{"class":55},"final_price ",[49,26374,60],{"class":59},[49,26376,24624],{"class":55},[49,26378,938],{"class":63},[49,26380,347],{"class":346},[49,26382,24572],{"class":350},[49,26384,347],{"class":346},[49,26386,12693],{"class":63},[49,26388,1655],{"class":59},[49,26390,26391],{"class":55}," discount_amount\n",[49,26393,26394],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26395,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26397,26398,26400,26402,26405,26407],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,26399,105],{"class":104},[49,26401,108],{"class":63},[49,26403,26404],{"class":94},"discount_amount",[49,26406,113],{"class":63},[49,26408,26409],{"class":116},"  # 200\n",[49,26411,26412,26414,26416,26419,26421],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,26413,105],{"class":104},[49,26415,108],{"class":63},[49,26417,26418],{"class":94},"final_price",[49,26420,113],{"class":63},[49,26422,26423],{"class":116},"      # 1000\n",[49,26425,26426,26428,26430,26433,26435],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,26427,105],{"class":104},[49,26429,108],{"class":63},[49,26431,26432],{"class":94},"product",[49,26434,113],{"class":63},[49,26436,26437],{"class":116},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26439,26440],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[35,26442,26444,10018,26446],{"id":26443},"pop-vs-del",[15,26445,1328],{},[15,26447,26448],{},"del",[20,26450,615,26451,618,26453,26455],{},[15,26452,1328],{},[15,26454,26448],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[528,26457,120,26459,26461],{"id":26458},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26460,1328],{}," when you need the removed value",[40,26463,26465],{"className":42,"code":26464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26466,26467,26503,26507,26529,26533,26546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26468,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26470,12624],{"class":55},[49,26472,60],{"class":59},[49,26474,9923],{"class":63},[49,26476,347],{"class":346},[49,26478,7103],{"class":350},[49,26480,347],{"class":346},[49,26482,135],{"class":63},[49,26484,357],{"class":346},[49,26486,12299],{"class":350},[49,26488,347],{"class":346},[49,26490,71],{"class":63},[49,26492,357],{"class":346},[49,26494,8731],{"class":350},[49,26496,347],{"class":346},[49,26498,135],{"class":63},[49,26500,8738],{"class":67},[49,26502,8741],{"class":63},[49,26504,26505],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26506,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26508,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26510,21050],{"class":55},[49,26512,60],{"class":59},[49,26514,12667],{"class":55},[49,26516,91],{"class":63},[49,26518,25664],{"class":94},[49,26520,108],{"class":63},[49,26522,347],{"class":346},[49,26524,8731],{"class":350},[49,26526,347],{"class":346},[49,26528,272],{"class":63},[49,26530,26531],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26532,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26534,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26536,105],{"class":104},[49,26538,108],{"class":63},[49,26540,8731],{"class":94},[49,26542,113],{"class":63},[49,26544,26545],{"class":116},"     # 25\n",[49,26547,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26549,105],{"class":104},[49,26551,108],{"class":63},[49,26553,16730],{"class":94},[49,26555,113],{"class":63},[49,26557,26558],{"class":116},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[528,26560,120,26562,26564],{"id":26561},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26563,26448],{}," when you only want deletion",[40,26566,26568],{"className":42,"code":26567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26569,26570,26606,26610,26626,26630],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26571,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26573,12624],{"class":55},[49,26575,60],{"class":59},[49,26577,9923],{"class":63},[49,26579,347],{"class":346},[49,26581,7103],{"class":350},[49,26583,347],{"class":346},[49,26585,135],{"class":63},[49,26587,357],{"class":346},[49,26589,12299],{"class":350},[49,26591,347],{"class":346},[49,26593,71],{"class":63},[49,26595,357],{"class":346},[49,26597,8731],{"class":350},[49,26599,347],{"class":346},[49,26601,135],{"class":63},[49,26603,8738],{"class":67},[49,26605,8741],{"class":63},[49,26607,26608],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26609,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26611,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26613,26448],{"class":3306},[49,26615,12667],{"class":55},[49,26617,938],{"class":63},[49,26619,347],{"class":346},[49,26621,8731],{"class":350},[49,26623,347],{"class":346},[49,26625,82],{"class":63},[49,26627,26628],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26629,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26631,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26633,105],{"class":104},[49,26635,108],{"class":63},[49,26637,16730],{"class":94},[49,26639,113],{"class":63},[49,26641,26558],{"class":116},[20,26643,26644],{},"Difference:",[137,26646,26647,26652],{},[140,26648,26649,26651],{},[15,26650,1328],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[140,26653,26654,26656],{},[15,26655,26448],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26658,26659,26660,91],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[308,26661,11997],{"href":11996},[35,26663,26665,26666],{"id":26664},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26667,19110],{},[20,26669,26670],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[528,26672,26674],{"id":26673},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[40,26676,26678],{"className":42,"code":26677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26679,26680,26705,26709,26735,26739,26751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26681,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26701,26703],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26683,11148],{"class":55},[49,26685,60],{"class":59},[49,26687,9923],{"class":63},[49,26689,347],{"class":346},[49,26691,7103],{"class":350},[49,26693,347],{"class":346},[49,26695,135],{"class":63},[49,26697,357],{"class":346},[49,26699,26700],{"class":350},"Sara",[49,26702,347],{"class":346},[49,26704,8741],{"class":63},[49,26706,26707],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26708,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26710,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26712,1878],{"class":55},[49,26714,60],{"class":59},[49,26716,11190],{"class":55},[49,26718,91],{"class":63},[49,26720,25664],{"class":94},[49,26722,108],{"class":63},[49,26724,347],{"class":346},[49,26726,8731],{"class":350},[49,26728,347],{"class":346},[49,26730,71],{"class":63},[49,26732,3282],{"class":3281},[49,26734,272],{"class":63},[49,26736,26737],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26738,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26740,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26742,105],{"class":104},[49,26744,108],{"class":63},[49,26746,1904],{"class":94},[49,26748,113],{"class":63},[49,26750,19984],{"class":116},[49,26752,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26754,105],{"class":104},[49,26756,108],{"class":63},[49,26758,10877],{"class":94},[49,26760,113],{"class":63},[49,26762,26763],{"class":116}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26765,26766],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[528,26768,26770],{"id":26769},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[40,26772,26774],{"className":42,"code":26773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26775,26776,26800,26804,26820,26843,26853,26860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26777,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26779,11148],{"class":55},[49,26781,60],{"class":59},[49,26783,9923],{"class":63},[49,26785,347],{"class":346},[49,26787,7103],{"class":350},[49,26789,347],{"class":346},[49,26791,135],{"class":63},[49,26793,357],{"class":346},[49,26795,26700],{"class":350},[49,26797,347],{"class":346},[49,26799,8741],{"class":63},[49,26801,26802],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26803,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26805,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26807,6431],{"class":3306},[49,26809,357],{"class":346},[49,26811,8731],{"class":350},[49,26813,347],{"class":346},[49,26815,20595],{"class":59},[49,26817,11190],{"class":55},[49,26819,5826],{"class":63},[49,26821,26822,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26823,26824],{"class":55},"    value ",[49,26826,60],{"class":59},[49,26828,11190],{"class":55},[49,26830,91],{"class":63},[49,26832,25664],{"class":94},[49,26834,108],{"class":63},[49,26836,347],{"class":346},[49,26838,8731],{"class":350},[49,26840,347],{"class":346},[49,26842,272],{"class":63},[49,26844,26845,26847,26849,26851],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26846,7501],{"class":104},[49,26848,108],{"class":63},[49,26850,1904],{"class":94},[49,26852,272],{"class":63},[49,26854,26855,26858],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26856,26857],{"class":3306},"else",[49,26859,5826],{"class":63},[49,26861,26862,26864,26866,26868,26871,26873],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,26863,7501],{"class":104},[49,26865,108],{"class":63},[49,26867,347],{"class":346},[49,26869,26870],{"class":350},"Key not found",[49,26872,347],{"class":346},[49,26874,272],{"class":63},[528,26876,26878,26879,26881],{"id":26877},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26880,10172],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[40,26883,26885],{"className":42,"code":26884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26886,26887,26911,26915,26941,26945,26957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26888,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26890,11148],{"class":55},[49,26892,60],{"class":59},[49,26894,9923],{"class":63},[49,26896,347],{"class":346},[49,26898,7103],{"class":350},[49,26900,347],{"class":346},[49,26902,135],{"class":63},[49,26904,357],{"class":346},[49,26906,26700],{"class":350},[49,26908,347],{"class":346},[49,26910,8741],{"class":63},[49,26912,26913],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,26914,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26916,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,26918,1878],{"class":55},[49,26920,60],{"class":59},[49,26922,11190],{"class":55},[49,26924,91],{"class":63},[49,26926,19173],{"class":94},[49,26928,108],{"class":63},[49,26930,347],{"class":346},[49,26932,8731],{"class":350},[49,26934,347],{"class":346},[49,26936,71],{"class":63},[49,26938,3282],{"class":3281},[49,26940,272],{"class":63},[49,26942,26943],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,26944,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,26946,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,26948,105],{"class":104},[49,26950,108],{"class":63},[49,26952,1904],{"class":94},[49,26954,113],{"class":63},[49,26956,19984],{"class":116},[49,26958,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,26960,105],{"class":104},[49,26962,108],{"class":63},[49,26964,10877],{"class":94},[49,26966,113],{"class":63},[49,26968,26763],{"class":116},[20,26970,120,26971,26975,26976,91],{},[308,26972,26973],{"href":10168},[15,26974,26253],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[308,26977,10693],{"href":10505},[35,26979,863],{"id":862},[20,26981,26982,26983,91],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26984,11992],{},[528,26986,25197,26988,26990],{"id":26987},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,26989,1328],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,26992,26993],{},"Lists use indexes:",[40,26995,26997],{"className":42,"code":26996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,26998,26999,27019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27000,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27002,214],{"class":55},[49,27004,60],{"class":59},[49,27006,64],{"class":63},[49,27008,221],{"class":67},[49,27010,71],{"class":63},[49,27012,226],{"class":67},[49,27014,71],{"class":63},[49,27016,231],{"class":67},[49,27018,82],{"class":63},[49,27020,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27022,105],{"class":104},[49,27024,108],{"class":63},[49,27026,249],{"class":94},[49,27028,91],{"class":63},[49,27030,25664],{"class":94},[49,27032,108],{"class":63},[49,27034,68],{"class":67},[49,27036,4793],{"class":63},[49,27038,27039],{"class":116},"  # 20\n",[20,27041,27042],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[40,27044,27046],{"className":42,"code":27045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27047,27048,27084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27049,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27051,12624],{"class":55},[49,27053,60],{"class":59},[49,27055,9923],{"class":63},[49,27057,347],{"class":346},[49,27059,7103],{"class":350},[49,27061,347],{"class":346},[49,27063,135],{"class":63},[49,27065,357],{"class":346},[49,27067,12299],{"class":350},[49,27069,347],{"class":346},[49,27071,71],{"class":63},[49,27073,357],{"class":346},[49,27075,8731],{"class":350},[49,27077,347],{"class":346},[49,27079,135],{"class":63},[49,27081,8738],{"class":67},[49,27083,8741],{"class":63},[49,27085,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27087,105],{"class":104},[49,27089,108],{"class":63},[49,27091,16730],{"class":94},[49,27093,91],{"class":63},[49,27095,25664],{"class":94},[49,27097,108],{"class":63},[49,27099,347],{"class":346},[49,27101,8731],{"class":350},[49,27103,347],{"class":346},[49,27105,4793],{"class":63},[49,27107,27108],{"class":116},"  # 25\n",[20,27110,27111,27112,27114,27115,27117],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27113,329],{}," use positions with ",[15,27116,1328],{},". It uses keys.",[528,27119,4135,27121,27123],{"id":27120},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27122,1328],{}," changes the original dictionary",[40,27125,27127],{"className":42,"code":27126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27128,27129,27161,27165,27187,27191,27204],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27130,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27132,8597],{"class":55},[49,27134,60],{"class":59},[49,27136,9923],{"class":63},[49,27138,347],{"class":346},[49,27140,1606],{"class":350},[49,27142,347],{"class":346},[49,27144,135],{"class":63},[49,27146,4930],{"class":67},[49,27148,71],{"class":63},[49,27150,357],{"class":346},[49,27152,11169],{"class":350},[49,27154,347],{"class":346},[49,27156,135],{"class":63},[49,27158,74],{"class":67},[49,27160,8741],{"class":63},[49,27162,27163],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27164,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27166,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27168,1878],{"class":55},[49,27170,60],{"class":59},[49,27172,13987],{"class":55},[49,27174,91],{"class":63},[49,27176,25664],{"class":94},[49,27178,108],{"class":63},[49,27180,347],{"class":346},[49,27182,1606],{"class":350},[49,27184,347],{"class":346},[49,27186,272],{"class":63},[49,27188,27189],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27190,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27192,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,27194,105],{"class":104},[49,27196,108],{"class":63},[49,27198,1904],{"class":94},[49,27200,113],{"class":63},[49,27202,27203],{"class":116},"  # 1\n",[49,27205,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,27207,105],{"class":104},[49,27209,108],{"class":63},[49,27211,8636],{"class":94},[49,27213,113],{"class":63},[49,27215,27216],{"class":116},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27218,27219,27220,27222],{},"After ",[15,27221,1328],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[528,27224,1092,27226,27228],{"id":27225},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27227,1328],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[40,27230,27232],{"className":42,"code":27231,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27233,27234,27258,27262,27267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27235,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27237,8597],{"class":55},[49,27239,60],{"class":59},[49,27241,9923],{"class":63},[49,27243,347],{"class":346},[49,27245,7103],{"class":350},[49,27247,347],{"class":346},[49,27249,135],{"class":63},[49,27251,357],{"class":346},[49,27253,7353],{"class":350},[49,27255,347],{"class":346},[49,27257,8741],{"class":63},[49,27259,27260],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27261,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27263,27264],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27265,27266],{"class":116},"# This causes an error\n",[49,27268,27269],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27270,27271],{"class":116},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27273,27274],{},"Safer version:",[40,27276,27278],{"className":42,"code":27277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27279,27280,27304,27308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27281,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27283,8597],{"class":55},[49,27285,60],{"class":59},[49,27287,9923],{"class":63},[49,27289,347],{"class":346},[49,27291,7103],{"class":350},[49,27293,347],{"class":346},[49,27295,135],{"class":63},[49,27297,357],{"class":346},[49,27299,7353],{"class":350},[49,27301,347],{"class":346},[49,27303,8741],{"class":63},[49,27305,27306],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27307,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27309,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27311,105],{"class":104},[49,27313,108],{"class":63},[49,27315,8636],{"class":94},[49,27317,91],{"class":63},[49,27319,25664],{"class":94},[49,27321,108],{"class":63},[49,27323,347],{"class":346},[49,27325,8731],{"class":350},[49,27327,347],{"class":346},[49,27329,71],{"class":63},[49,27331,357],{"class":346},[49,27333,26196],{"class":350},[49,27335,347],{"class":346},[49,27337,4793],{"class":63},[49,27339,26232],{"class":116},[528,27341,1011,27343,27345],{"id":27342},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27344,1328],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[40,27347,27349],{"className":42,"code":27348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27350,27351,27383,27387,27409,27413,27425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27352,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27354,8597],{"class":55},[49,27356,60],{"class":59},[49,27358,9923],{"class":63},[49,27360,347],{"class":346},[49,27362,308],{"class":350},[49,27364,347],{"class":346},[49,27366,135],{"class":63},[49,27368,4930],{"class":67},[49,27370,71],{"class":63},[49,27372,357],{"class":346},[49,27374,360],{"class":350},[49,27376,347],{"class":346},[49,27378,135],{"class":63},[49,27380,74],{"class":67},[49,27382,8741],{"class":63},[49,27384,27385],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27386,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27388,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27390,382],{"class":55},[49,27392,60],{"class":59},[49,27394,13987],{"class":55},[49,27396,91],{"class":63},[49,27398,25664],{"class":94},[49,27400,108],{"class":63},[49,27402,347],{"class":346},[49,27404,308],{"class":350},[49,27406,347],{"class":346},[49,27408,272],{"class":63},[49,27410,27411],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27412,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27414,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,27416,105],{"class":104},[49,27418,108],{"class":63},[49,27420,420],{"class":94},[49,27422,113],{"class":63},[49,27424,27203],{"class":116},[49,27426,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,27428,105],{"class":104},[49,27430,108],{"class":63},[49,27432,8636],{"class":94},[49,27434,113],{"class":63},[49,27436,27437],{"class":116},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27439,27440],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[35,27442,27444],{"id":27443},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27446,27447,27448,27450],{},"Problems with ",[15,27449,11992],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[137,27452,27453,27456,27465,27468],{},[140,27454,27455],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[140,27457,27458,27459,27462,27463],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27460,27461],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27464,25760],{},[140,27466,27467],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[140,27469,27470,27471,871,27473],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27472,68],{},[15,27474,27475],{},"\"1\"",[20,27477,27478],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[40,27480,27482],{"className":42,"code":27481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27483,27484,27508,27512,27542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27485,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27487,8597],{"class":55},[49,27489,60],{"class":59},[49,27491,9923],{"class":63},[49,27493,347],{"class":346},[49,27495,68],{"class":350},[49,27497,347],{"class":346},[49,27499,135],{"class":63},[49,27501,357],{"class":346},[49,27503,6018],{"class":350},[49,27505,347],{"class":346},[49,27507,8741],{"class":63},[49,27509,27510],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27511,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27513,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27535,27537,27539],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27515,105],{"class":104},[49,27517,108],{"class":63},[49,27519,8636],{"class":94},[49,27521,91],{"class":63},[49,27523,25664],{"class":94},[49,27525,108],{"class":63},[49,27527,68],{"class":67},[49,27529,71],{"class":63},[49,27531,357],{"class":346},[49,27533,27534],{"class":350},"not found",[49,27536,347],{"class":346},[49,27538,4793],{"class":63},[49,27540,27541],{"class":116},"    # not found\n",[49,27543,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27545,105],{"class":104},[49,27547,108],{"class":63},[49,27549,8636],{"class":94},[49,27551,91],{"class":63},[49,27553,25664],{"class":94},[49,27555,108],{"class":63},[49,27557,347],{"class":346},[49,27559,68],{"class":350},[49,27561,347],{"class":346},[49,27563,71],{"class":63},[49,27565,357],{"class":346},[49,27567,27534],{"class":350},[49,27569,347],{"class":346},[49,27571,4793],{"class":63},[49,27573,27574],{"class":116},"  # one\n",[20,27576,27577,618,27579,27581],{},[15,27578,68],{},[15,27580,27475],{}," are different keys.",[35,27583,8303],{"id":8302},[20,27585,8306,27586,27588],{},[15,27587,1328],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,27590,27592],{"className":42,"code":27591,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27593,27594,27604,27618,27636,27666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27597,105],{"class":104},[49,27599,108],{"class":63},[49,27601,10877],{"class":94},[49,27603,272],{"class":63},[49,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27607,105],{"class":104},[49,27609,108],{"class":63},[49,27611,10877],{"class":94},[49,27613,91],{"class":63},[49,27615,16346],{"class":94},[49,27617,6628],{"class":63},[49,27619,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27621,105],{"class":104},[49,27623,108],{"class":63},[49,27625,2734],{"class":346},[49,27627,7103],{"class":350},[49,27629,2734],{"class":346},[49,27631,20595],{"class":3306},[49,27633,11190],{"class":94},[49,27635,272],{"class":63},[49,27637,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27639,105],{"class":104},[49,27641,108],{"class":63},[49,27643,10877],{"class":94},[49,27645,91],{"class":63},[49,27647,25664],{"class":94},[49,27649,108],{"class":63},[49,27651,2734],{"class":346},[49,27653,7103],{"class":350},[49,27655,2734],{"class":346},[49,27657,71],{"class":63},[49,27659,2729],{"class":346},[49,27661,26196],{"class":350},[49,27663,2734],{"class":346},[49,27665,1182],{"class":63},[49,27667,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,27669,105],{"class":104},[49,27671,108],{"class":63},[49,27673,1175],{"class":1174},[49,27675,108],{"class":63},[49,27677,10877],{"class":94},[49,27679,1182],{"class":63},[20,27681,20758],{},[137,27683,27684,27689,27694,27699,27705],{},[140,27685,27686,27688],{},[15,27687,12101],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[140,27690,27691,27693],{},[15,27692,20770],{}," shows all available keys",[140,27695,27696,27698],{},[15,27697,20776],{}," checks whether a key exists",[140,27700,27701,27704],{},[15,27702,27703],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[140,27706,27707,27709],{},[15,27708,12107],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27711,27712,27713,91],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[308,27714,8824],{"href":8823},[35,27716,1253],{"id":1252},[528,27718,27720,27721,27723],{"id":27719},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27722,1328],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27725,27726],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[528,27728,27730],{"id":27729},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27732,27733,25961,27735,27737,27738,27740],{},[15,27734,25760],{},[15,27736,19110],{},". ",[15,27739,25764],{}," returns the default value instead.",[528,27742,1257,27744,14317],{"id":27743},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27745,1328],{},[20,27747,27748],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[528,27750,1296,27752,27754],{"id":27751},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,27753,1328],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27756,27757,27758,27760,27761,91],{},"Not with ",[15,27759,11992],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[308,27762,27763],{"href":12003},[15,27764,12190],{},[528,27766,1279,27768,618,27770,1284],{"id":27767},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27769,10172],{},[15,27771,1328],{},[20,27773,27774,27776,27777,27779],{},[15,27775,10172],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27778,1328],{}," reads and removes it.",[35,27781,1309],{"id":1308},[137,27783,27784,27790,27797,27801,27805,27809],{},[140,27785,27786],{},[308,27787,27788],{"href":10168},[15,27789,19091],{},[140,27791,27792],{},[308,27793,27794],{"href":12003},[15,27795,27796],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[140,27798,27799],{},[308,27800,12206],{"href":11996},[140,27802,27803],{},[308,27804,20879],{"href":16019},[140,27806,27807],{},[308,27808,10693],{"href":10505},[140,27810,27811],{},[308,27812,27814],{"href":27813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1352,27816,27817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":27819},[27820,27821,27823,27824,27825,27827,27834,27841,27851,27852,27853,27864],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":25771,"depth":85,"text":27822},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":26256,"depth":85,"text":27826},"When to use pop()",{"id":26443,"depth":85,"text":27828,"children":27829},"pop() vs del",[27830,27832],{"id":26458,"depth":101,"text":27831},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26561,"depth":101,"text":27833},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26664,"depth":85,"text":27835,"children":27836},"How to avoid KeyError",[27837,27838,27839],{"id":26673,"depth":101,"text":26674},{"id":26769,"depth":101,"text":26770},{"id":26877,"depth":101,"text":27840},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":27842},[27843,27845,27847,27849],{"id":26987,"depth":101,"text":27844},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27120,"depth":101,"text":27846},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27225,"depth":101,"text":27848},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27342,"depth":101,"text":27850},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27443,"depth":85,"text":27444},{"id":8302,"depth":85,"text":8303},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":27854},[27855,27857,27858,27860,27862],{"id":27719,"depth":101,"text":27856},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27729,"depth":101,"text":27730},{"id":27743,"depth":101,"text":27859},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27751,"depth":101,"text":27861},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27767,"depth":101,"text":27863},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25592,"description":27865},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27872,"title":27796,"body":27873,"description":29812,"extension":1392,"meta":29813,"navigation":243,"path":29814,"seo":29815,"stem":29816,"__hash__":29817},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27874,"toc":29776},[27875,27880,27885,27888,27896,27906,27908,27997,28001,28050,28055,28060,28064,28080,28083,28085,28100,28102,28118,28125,28129,28135,28144,28146,28215,28219,28240,28243,28262,28265,28288,28290,28293,28408,28412,28471,28478,28482,28488,28613,28617,28667,28670,28674,28681,28683,28746,28750,28771,28774,28783,28798,28806,28813,28817,28829,28833,28844,28846,28992,28996,29055,29062,29067,29071,29077,29100,29105,29124,29128,29199,29206,29279,29288,29293,29298,29309,29312,29449,29454,29486,29491,29493,29497,29557,29560,29617,29620,29663,29665,29670,29676,29682,29685,29692,29700,29705,29708,29715,29723,29725,29773],[10,27876,10749,27878,18],{"id":27877},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27879,12190],{},[20,27881,1409,27882,27884],{},[15,27883,12190],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27886,27887],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[137,27889,27890,27893],{},[140,27891,27892],{},"remove an item",[140,27894,27895],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27897,27898,27899,27901,27902,27905],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27900,12190],{}," removes the ",[30,27903,27904],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[35,27907,1434],{"id":1433},[40,27909,27911],{"className":42,"code":27910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27912,27913,27957,27973,27977,27987],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27914,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27916,8597],{"class":55},[49,27918,60],{"class":59},[49,27920,9923],{"class":63},[49,27922,347],{"class":346},[49,27924,308],{"class":350},[49,27926,347],{"class":346},[49,27928,135],{"class":63},[49,27930,4930],{"class":67},[49,27932,71],{"class":63},[49,27934,357],{"class":346},[49,27936,360],{"class":350},[49,27938,347],{"class":346},[49,27940,135],{"class":63},[49,27942,74],{"class":67},[49,27944,71],{"class":63},[49,27946,357],{"class":346},[49,27948,369],{"class":350},[49,27950,347],{"class":346},[49,27952,135],{"class":63},[49,27954,79],{"class":67},[49,27956,8741],{"class":63},[49,27958,27959,27962,27964,27966,27968,27971],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,27960,27961],{"class":55},"item ",[49,27963,60],{"class":59},[49,27965,13987],{"class":55},[49,27967,91],{"class":63},[49,27969,27970],{"class":94},"popitem",[49,27972,98],{"class":63},[49,27974,27975],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,27976,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,27978,27979,27981,27983,27985],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,27980,105],{"class":104},[49,27982,108],{"class":63},[49,27984,22733],{"class":94},[49,27986,272],{"class":63},[49,27988,27989,27991,27993,27995],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,27990,105],{"class":104},[49,27992,108],{"class":63},[49,27994,8636],{"class":94},[49,27996,272],{"class":63},[20,27998,27999],{},[30,28000,275],{},[40,28002,28004],{"className":42,"code":28003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28005,28006,28022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28007,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28009,108],{"class":63},[49,28011,2734],{"class":346},[49,28013,369],{"class":350},[49,28015,2734],{"class":346},[49,28017,71],{"class":63},[49,28019,79],{"class":67},[49,28021,272],{"class":63},[49,28023,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28025,8710],{"class":63},[49,28027,2734],{"class":346},[49,28029,308],{"class":350},[49,28031,2734],{"class":346},[49,28033,135],{"class":63},[49,28035,4930],{"class":67},[49,28037,71],{"class":63},[49,28039,2729],{"class":346},[49,28041,360],{"class":350},[49,28043,2734],{"class":346},[49,28045,135],{"class":63},[49,28047,74],{"class":67},[49,28049,8741],{"class":63},[20,28051,28052,28054],{},[15,28053,12190],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[35,28056,127,28058,130],{"id":28057},"what-popitem-does",[15,28059,12190],{},[20,28061,28062,135],{},[15,28063,12190],{},[137,28065,28066,28069,28074,28077],{},[140,28067,28068],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[140,28070,28071,28072],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28073,21077],{},[140,28075,28076],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[140,28078,28079],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28081,28082],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[35,28084,164],{"id":163},[40,28086,28088],{"className":42,"code":28087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28089,28090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28091,28092,28094,28096,28098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28093,15026],{"class":55},[49,28095,91],{"class":63},[49,28097,27970],{"class":94},[49,28099,98],{"class":63},[20,28101,186],{},[137,28103,28104,28112,28115],{},[140,28105,28106,28108,28109],{},[15,28107,12190],{}," takes ",[30,28110,28111],{},"no arguments",[140,28113,28114],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[140,28116,28117],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28119,28120,28121,6064],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[308,28122,28123],{"href":11989},[15,28124,1328],{},[35,28126,28128],{"id":28127},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28130,28131,28132,28134],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28133,12190],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28136,28137,28138,28141],"ol",{},[140,28139,28140],{},"the key",[140,28142,28143],{},"the value",[20,28145,761],{},[40,28147,28149],{"className":42,"code":28148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28150,28151,28187,28201,28205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28152,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28154,12624],{"class":55},[49,28156,60],{"class":59},[49,28158,9923],{"class":63},[49,28160,347],{"class":346},[49,28162,7103],{"class":350},[49,28164,347],{"class":346},[49,28166,135],{"class":63},[49,28168,357],{"class":346},[49,28170,4434],{"class":350},[49,28172,347],{"class":346},[49,28174,71],{"class":63},[49,28176,357],{"class":346},[49,28178,8731],{"class":350},[49,28180,347],{"class":346},[49,28182,135],{"class":63},[49,28184,8738],{"class":67},[49,28186,8741],{"class":63},[49,28188,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28190,382],{"class":55},[49,28192,60],{"class":59},[49,28194,12667],{"class":55},[49,28196,91],{"class":63},[49,28198,27970],{"class":94},[49,28200,98],{"class":63},[49,28202,28203],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,28204,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28206,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,28208,105],{"class":104},[49,28210,108],{"class":63},[49,28212,420],{"class":94},[49,28214,272],{"class":63},[20,28216,28217],{},[30,28218,275],{},[40,28220,28222],{"className":42,"code":28221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28223,28224],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28225,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28227,108],{"class":63},[49,28229,2734],{"class":346},[49,28231,8731],{"class":350},[49,28233,2734],{"class":346},[49,28235,71],{"class":63},[49,28237,8738],{"class":67},[49,28239,272],{"class":63},[20,28241,28242],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[40,28244,28246],{"className":42,"code":28245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28247,28248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28249,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28251,382],{"class":55},[49,28253,60],{"class":59},[49,28255,12667],{"class":55},[49,28257,91],{"class":63},[49,28259,27970],{"class":94},[49,28261,98],{"class":63},[20,28263,28264],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[40,28266,28268],{"className":42,"code":28267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28269,28270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28271,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28273,14262],{"class":55},[49,28275,71],{"class":63},[49,28277,21006],{"class":55},[49,28279,60],{"class":59},[49,28281,12667],{"class":55},[49,28283,91],{"class":63},[49,28285,27970],{"class":94},[49,28287,98],{"class":63},[35,28289,201],{"id":200},[20,28291,28292],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[40,28294,28296],{"className":42,"code":28295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28297,28298,28346,28350,28365,28369,28389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28299,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28330,28332,28334,28337,28339,28341,28344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28301,4494],{"class":55},[49,28303,60],{"class":59},[49,28305,9923],{"class":63},[49,28307,347],{"class":346},[49,28309,28310],{"class":350},"Tom",[49,28312,347],{"class":346},[49,28314,135],{"class":63},[49,28316,4506],{"class":67},[49,28318,71],{"class":63},[49,28320,357],{"class":346},[49,28322,12299],{"class":350},[49,28324,347],{"class":346},[49,28326,135],{"class":63},[49,28328,28329],{"class":67}," 95",[49,28331,71],{"class":63},[49,28333,357],{"class":346},[49,28335,28336],{"class":350},"Leo",[49,28338,347],{"class":346},[49,28340,135],{"class":63},[49,28342,28343],{"class":67}," 88",[49,28345,8741],{"class":63},[49,28347,28348],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28349,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28351,28352,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,28353,28354],{"class":55},"removed_pair ",[49,28356,60],{"class":59},[49,28358,4541],{"class":55},[49,28360,91],{"class":63},[49,28362,27970],{"class":94},[49,28364,98],{"class":63},[49,28366,28367],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,28368,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28370,28371,28373,28375,28377,28380,28382,28384,28387],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,28372,105],{"class":104},[49,28374,108],{"class":63},[49,28376,347],{"class":346},[49,28378,28379],{"class":350},"Removed:",[49,28381,347],{"class":346},[49,28383,71],{"class":63},[49,28385,28386],{"class":94}," removed_pair",[49,28388,272],{"class":63},[49,28390,28391,28393,28395,28397,28400,28402,28404,28406],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,28392,105],{"class":104},[49,28394,108],{"class":63},[49,28396,347],{"class":346},[49,28398,28399],{"class":350},"After removal:",[49,28401,347],{"class":346},[49,28403,71],{"class":63},[49,28405,4541],{"class":94},[49,28407,272],{"class":63},[20,28409,28410],{},[30,28411,275],{},[40,28413,28415],{"className":42,"code":28414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28416,28417,28438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28418,28419,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28420,28421],{"class":55},"Removed",[49,28423,135],{"class":63},[49,28425,8668],{"class":63},[49,28427,2734],{"class":346},[49,28429,28336],{"class":350},[49,28431,2734],{"class":346},[49,28433,71],{"class":63},[49,28435,28343],{"class":67},[49,28437,272],{"class":63},[49,28439,28440,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28441,28442],{"class":55},"After removal",[49,28444,135],{"class":63},[49,28446,9923],{"class":63},[49,28448,2734],{"class":346},[49,28450,28310],{"class":350},[49,28452,2734],{"class":346},[49,28454,135],{"class":63},[49,28456,4506],{"class":67},[49,28458,71],{"class":63},[49,28460,2729],{"class":346},[49,28462,12299],{"class":350},[49,28464,2734],{"class":346},[49,28466,135],{"class":63},[49,28468,28329],{"class":67},[49,28470,8741],{"class":63},[20,28472,28473,28474,28477],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28475,28476],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[35,28479,28481],{"id":28480},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28483,28484,28485,28487],{},"Because ",[15,28486,12190],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[40,28489,28491],{"className":42,"code":28490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28492,28493,28529,28533,28552,28556,28575,28594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28494,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28496,14869],{"class":55},[49,28498,60],{"class":59},[49,28500,9923],{"class":63},[49,28502,347],{"class":346},[49,28504,14880],{"class":350},[49,28506,347],{"class":346},[49,28508,135],{"class":63},[49,28510,357],{"class":346},[49,28512,14889],{"class":350},[49,28514,347],{"class":346},[49,28516,71],{"class":63},[49,28518,357],{"class":346},[49,28520,14900],{"class":350},[49,28522,347],{"class":346},[49,28524,135],{"class":63},[49,28526,26330],{"class":67},[49,28528,8741],{"class":63},[49,28530,28531],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28532,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28534,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28546,28548,28550],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,28536,14262],{"class":55},[49,28538,71],{"class":63},[49,28540,21006],{"class":55},[49,28542,60],{"class":59},[49,28544,28545],{"class":55}," book",[49,28547,91],{"class":63},[49,28549,27970],{"class":94},[49,28551,98],{"class":63},[49,28553,28554],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,28555,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28557,28558,28560,28562,28564,28567,28569,28571,28573],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,28559,105],{"class":104},[49,28561,108],{"class":63},[49,28563,347],{"class":346},[49,28565,28566],{"class":350},"Key:",[49,28568,347],{"class":346},[49,28570,71],{"class":63},[49,28572,21001],{"class":94},[49,28574,272],{"class":63},[49,28576,28577,28579,28581,28583,28586,28588,28590,28592],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,28578,105],{"class":104},[49,28580,108],{"class":63},[49,28582,347],{"class":346},[49,28584,28585],{"class":350},"Value:",[49,28587,347],{"class":346},[49,28589,71],{"class":63},[49,28591,7864],{"class":94},[49,28593,272],{"class":63},[49,28595,28596,28598,28600,28602,28605,28607,28609,28611],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,28597,105],{"class":104},[49,28599,108],{"class":63},[49,28601,347],{"class":346},[49,28603,28604],{"class":350},"Dictionary:",[49,28606,347],{"class":346},[49,28608,71],{"class":63},[49,28610,28545],{"class":94},[49,28612,272],{"class":63},[20,28614,28615],{},[30,28616,275],{},[40,28618,28620],{"className":42,"code":28619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28621,28622,28632,28642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28623,28624,28627,28629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28625,28626],{"class":55},"Key",[49,28628,135],{"class":63},[49,28630,28631],{"class":55}," pages\n",[49,28633,28634,28637,28639],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28635,28636],{"class":55},"Value",[49,28638,135],{"class":63},[49,28640,28641],{"class":67}," 200\n",[49,28643,28644,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,28645,28646],{"class":55},"Dictionary",[49,28648,135],{"class":63},[49,28650,9923],{"class":63},[49,28652,2734],{"class":346},[49,28654,14880],{"class":350},[49,28656,2734],{"class":346},[49,28658,135],{"class":63},[49,28660,2729],{"class":346},[49,28662,14889],{"class":350},[49,28664,2734],{"class":346},[49,28666,8741],{"class":63},[20,28668,28669],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[35,28671,28673],{"id":28672},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28675,28676,28677,27901,28679,91],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28678,12190],{},[30,28680,27904],{},[20,28682,761],{},[40,28684,28686],{"className":42,"code":28685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28687,28688,28732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28689,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28691,8597],{"class":55},[49,28693,60],{"class":59},[49,28695,9923],{"class":63},[49,28697,347],{"class":346},[49,28699,1606],{"class":350},[49,28701,347],{"class":346},[49,28703,135],{"class":63},[49,28705,4930],{"class":67},[49,28707,71],{"class":63},[49,28709,357],{"class":346},[49,28711,11169],{"class":350},[49,28713,347],{"class":346},[49,28715,135],{"class":63},[49,28717,74],{"class":67},[49,28719,71],{"class":63},[49,28721,357],{"class":346},[49,28723,21499],{"class":350},[49,28725,347],{"class":346},[49,28727,135],{"class":63},[49,28729,79],{"class":67},[49,28731,8741],{"class":63},[49,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28735,105],{"class":104},[49,28737,108],{"class":63},[49,28739,8636],{"class":94},[49,28741,91],{"class":63},[49,28743,27970],{"class":94},[49,28745,6628],{"class":63},[20,28747,28748],{},[30,28749,275],{},[40,28751,28753],{"className":42,"code":28752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28754,28755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28756,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28758,108],{"class":63},[49,28760,2734],{"class":346},[49,28762,21499],{"class":350},[49,28764,2734],{"class":346},[49,28766,71],{"class":63},[49,28768,79],{"class":67},[49,28770,272],{"class":63},[20,28772,28773],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28775,28776,28777,28779,28780,28782],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28778,329],{}," think of ",[15,28781,12190],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28784,28785,28786,1622,28790,16495,28794,91],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[308,28787,28788],{"href":16498},[15,28789,16501],{},[308,28791,28792],{"href":16485},[15,28793,16488],{},[308,28795,28796],{"href":16491},[15,28797,16494],{},[35,28799,28801,28802,618,28804],{"id":28800},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28803,12190],{},[15,28805,1328],{},[20,28807,28808,618,28810,28812],{},[15,28809,12190],{},[15,28811,1328],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[528,28814,28815],{"id":27970},[15,28816,12190],{},[137,28818,28819,28822,28825],{},[140,28820,28821],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[140,28823,28824],{},"does not need a key argument",[140,28826,3122,28827],{},[15,28828,21077],{},[528,28830,28831],{"id":25664},[15,28832,1328],{},[137,28834,28835,28838,28841],{},[140,28836,28837],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[140,28839,28840],{},"needs the key name",[140,28842,28843],{},"returns only the value",[20,28845,761],{},[40,28847,28849],{"className":42,"code":28848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28850,28851,28895,28899,28913,28933,28937,28959,28978,28982],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28852,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28854,8597],{"class":55},[49,28856,60],{"class":59},[49,28858,9923],{"class":63},[49,28860,347],{"class":346},[49,28862,308],{"class":350},[49,28864,347],{"class":346},[49,28866,135],{"class":63},[49,28868,4930],{"class":67},[49,28870,71],{"class":63},[49,28872,357],{"class":346},[49,28874,360],{"class":350},[49,28876,347],{"class":346},[49,28878,135],{"class":63},[49,28880,74],{"class":67},[49,28882,71],{"class":63},[49,28884,357],{"class":346},[49,28886,369],{"class":350},[49,28888,347],{"class":346},[49,28890,135],{"class":63},[49,28892,79],{"class":67},[49,28894,8741],{"class":63},[49,28896,28897],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,28898,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28900,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,28902,27961],{"class":55},[49,28904,60],{"class":59},[49,28906,13987],{"class":55},[49,28908,91],{"class":63},[49,28910,27970],{"class":94},[49,28912,98],{"class":63},[49,28914,28915,28917,28919,28921,28924,28926,28928,28931],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,28916,105],{"class":104},[49,28918,108],{"class":63},[49,28920,347],{"class":346},[49,28922,28923],{"class":350},"popitem():",[49,28925,347],{"class":346},[49,28927,71],{"class":63},[49,28929,28930],{"class":94}," item",[49,28932,272],{"class":63},[49,28934,28935],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,28936,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28938,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,28940,1878],{"class":55},[49,28942,60],{"class":59},[49,28944,13987],{"class":55},[49,28946,91],{"class":63},[49,28948,25664],{"class":94},[49,28950,108],{"class":63},[49,28952,347],{"class":346},[49,28954,308],{"class":350},[49,28956,347],{"class":346},[49,28958,272],{"class":63},[49,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,28962,105],{"class":104},[49,28964,108],{"class":63},[49,28966,347],{"class":346},[49,28968,28969],{"class":350},"pop('a'):",[49,28971,347],{"class":346},[49,28973,71],{"class":63},[49,28975,7864],{"class":94},[49,28977,272],{"class":63},[49,28979,28980],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,28981,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,28985,105],{"class":104},[49,28987,108],{"class":63},[49,28989,8636],{"class":94},[49,28991,272],{"class":63},[20,28993,28994],{},[30,28995,275],{},[40,28997,28999],{"className":42,"code":28998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29000,29001,29022,29039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29002,29003,29005,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29004,27970],{"class":94},[49,29006,29007],{"class":63},"():",[49,29009,8668],{"class":63},[49,29011,2734],{"class":346},[49,29013,369],{"class":350},[49,29015,2734],{"class":346},[49,29017,71],{"class":63},[49,29019,79],{"class":67},[49,29021,272],{"class":63},[49,29023,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29025,25664],{"class":94},[49,29027,108],{"class":63},[49,29029,2734],{"class":346},[49,29031,308],{"class":350},[49,29033,2734],{"class":346},[49,29035,15874],{"class":63},[49,29037,29038],{"class":67}," 1\n",[49,29040,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29042,8710],{"class":63},[49,29044,2734],{"class":346},[49,29046,360],{"class":350},[49,29048,2734],{"class":346},[49,29050,135],{"class":63},[49,29052,74],{"class":67},[49,29054,8741],{"class":63},[20,29056,120,29057,29061],{},[308,29058,29059],{"href":11989},[15,29060,1328],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29063,120,29064,29066],{},[15,29065,12190],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[35,29068,29070],{"id":29069},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29072,29073,29074,29076],{},"Calling ",[15,29075,12190],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[40,29078,29080],{"className":42,"code":29079,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29081,29082,29090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29083,29084,29086,29088],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29085,8597],{"class":55},[49,29087,60],{"class":59},[49,29089,9270],{"class":63},[49,29091,29092,29094,29096,29098],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29093,8636],{"class":55},[49,29095,91],{"class":63},[49,29097,27970],{"class":94},[49,29099,98],{"class":63},[20,29101,29102],{},[30,29103,29104],{},"Error:",[40,29106,29108],{"className":42,"code":29107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29109,29110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29111,29112,29114,29116,29118,29121],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29113,19110],{"class":1174},[49,29115,135],{"class":63},[49,29117,2729],{"class":346},[49,29119,29120],{"class":350},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,29122,29123],{"class":346},"'\n",[528,29125,29127],{"id":29126},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[40,29129,29131],{"className":42,"code":29130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29132,29133,29141,29145,29153,29168,29178,29184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29134,29135,29137,29139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29136,8597],{"class":55},[49,29138,60],{"class":59},[49,29140,9270],{"class":63},[49,29142,29143],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29144,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,29146,29147,29149,29151],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29148,6431],{"class":3306},[49,29150,13987],{"class":55},[49,29152,5826],{"class":63},[49,29154,29155,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,29156,29157],{"class":55},"    item ",[49,29159,60],{"class":59},[49,29161,13987],{"class":55},[49,29163,91],{"class":63},[49,29165,27970],{"class":94},[49,29167,98],{"class":63},[49,29169,29170,29172,29174,29176],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,29171,7501],{"class":104},[49,29173,108],{"class":63},[49,29175,22733],{"class":94},[49,29177,272],{"class":63},[49,29179,29180,29182],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,29181,26857],{"class":3306},[49,29183,5826],{"class":63},[49,29185,29186,29188,29190,29192,29195,29197],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,29187,7501],{"class":104},[49,29189,108],{"class":63},[49,29191,347],{"class":346},[49,29193,29194],{"class":350},"Dictionary is empty",[49,29196,347],{"class":346},[49,29198,272],{"class":63},[528,29200,29202,29203],{"id":29201},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29204,29205],{},"try-except",[40,29207,29209],{"className":42,"code":29208,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29210,29211,29219,29223,29230,29244,29254,29264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29212,29213,29215,29217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29214,8597],{"class":55},[49,29216,60],{"class":59},[49,29218,9270],{"class":63},[49,29220,29221],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29222,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,29224,29225,29228],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29226,29227],{"class":3306},"try",[49,29229,5826],{"class":63},[49,29231,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,29233,29157],{"class":55},[49,29235,60],{"class":59},[49,29237,13987],{"class":55},[49,29239,91],{"class":63},[49,29241,27970],{"class":94},[49,29243,98],{"class":63},[49,29245,29246,29248,29250,29252],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,29247,7501],{"class":104},[49,29249,108],{"class":63},[49,29251,22733],{"class":94},[49,29253,272],{"class":63},[49,29255,29256,29259,29262],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,29257,29258],{"class":3306},"except",[49,29260,29261],{"class":1174}," KeyError",[49,29263,5826],{"class":63},[49,29265,29266,29268,29270,29272,29275,29277],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,29267,7501],{"class":104},[49,29269,108],{"class":63},[49,29271,347],{"class":346},[49,29273,29274],{"class":350},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[49,29276,347],{"class":346},[49,29278,272],{"class":63},[20,29280,29281,29282,91],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[308,29283,25102,29285],{"href":29284},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29286,29287],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[35,29289,740,29291],{"id":29290},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29292,12190],{},[20,29294,29295,29297],{},[15,29296,12190],{}," is useful when:",[137,29299,29300,29303,29306],{},[140,29301,29302],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[140,29304,29305],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[140,29307,29308],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29310,29311],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[40,29313,29315],{"className":42,"code":29314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29316,29317,29326,29346,29366,29384,29388,29392,29402,29421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29318,29319,29322,29324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29320,29321],{"class":55},"tasks ",[49,29323,60],{"class":59},[49,29325,10917],{"class":63},[49,29327,29328,29330,29333,29335,29337,29339,29342,29344],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29329,10922],{"class":346},[49,29331,29332],{"class":350},"first",[49,29334,347],{"class":346},[49,29336,135],{"class":63},[49,29338,357],{"class":346},[49,29340,29341],{"class":350},"wash dishes",[49,29343,347],{"class":346},[49,29345,10938],{"class":63},[49,29347,29348,29350,29353,29355,29357,29359,29362,29364],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29349,10922],{"class":346},[49,29351,29352],{"class":350},"second",[49,29354,347],{"class":346},[49,29356,135],{"class":63},[49,29358,357],{"class":346},[49,29360,29361],{"class":350},"do homework",[49,29363,347],{"class":346},[49,29365,10938],{"class":63},[49,29367,29368,29370,29373,29375,29377,29379,29382],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,29369,10922],{"class":346},[49,29371,29372],{"class":350},"third",[49,29374,347],{"class":346},[49,29376,135],{"class":63},[49,29378,357],{"class":346},[49,29380,29381],{"class":350},"read book",[49,29383,1124],{"class":346},[49,29385,29386],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,29387,8741],{"class":63},[49,29389,29390],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,29391,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,29393,29394,29397,29400],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,29395,29396],{"class":3306},"while",[49,29398,29399],{"class":55}," tasks",[49,29401,5826],{"class":63},[49,29403,29404,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,29405,29406],{"class":55},"    key",[49,29408,71],{"class":63},[49,29410,21006],{"class":55},[49,29412,60],{"class":59},[49,29414,29399],{"class":55},[49,29416,91],{"class":63},[49,29418,27970],{"class":94},[49,29420,98],{"class":63},[49,29422,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,29424,7501],{"class":104},[49,29426,108],{"class":63},[49,29428,21716],{"class":1497},[49,29430,347],{"class":350},[49,29432,8710],{"class":67},[49,29434,14262],{"class":94},[49,29436,21725],{"class":67},[49,29438,21728],{"class":350},[49,29440,8710],{"class":67},[49,29442,1904],{"class":94},[49,29444,21725],{"class":67},[49,29446,347],{"class":350},[49,29448,272],{"class":63},[20,29450,29451],{},[30,29452,29453],{},"Possible output:",[40,29455,29457],{"className":42,"code":29456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29458,29459,29468,29477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29460,29461,29463,29465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29462,29372],{"class":55},[49,29464,135],{"class":63},[49,29466,29467],{"class":55}," read book\n",[49,29469,29470,29472,29474],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29471,29352],{"class":55},[49,29473,135],{"class":63},[49,29475,29476],{"class":55}," do homework\n",[49,29478,29479,29481,29483],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29480,29332],{"class":55},[49,29482,135],{"class":63},[49,29484,29485],{"class":55}," wash dishes\n",[20,29487,28484,29488,29490],{},[15,29489,12190],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[35,29492,2261],{"id":2260},[20,29494,14154,29495,135],{},[15,29496,12190],{},[137,29498,29499,29513,29532,29543],{},[140,29500,29501,29506],{},[30,29502,29073,29503,29505],{},[15,29504,12190],{}," on an empty dictionary",[137,29507,29508],{},[140,29509,29510,29511,91],{},"This raises ",[15,29512,19110],{},[140,29514,29515,29520],{},[30,29516,1011,29517,29519],{},[15,29518,12190],{}," to remove a specific key",[137,29521,29522,29525],{},[140,29523,29524],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[140,29526,120,29527,29531],{},[308,29528,29529],{"href":11989},[15,29530,1328],{}," if you need that.",[140,29533,29534,29538],{},[30,29535,4135,29536,27123],{},[15,29537,12190],{},[137,29539,29540],{},[140,29541,29542],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[140,29544,29545,29548],{},[30,29546,29547],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[137,29549,29550],{},[140,29551,29552,21397,29554,29556],{},[15,29553,12190],{},[15,29555,21077],{}," tuple.",[20,29558,29559],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[40,29561,29563],{"className":42,"code":29562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29564,29565,29575,29589,29593,29607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29566,29567,29569,29571,29573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29568,105],{"class":104},[49,29570,108],{"class":63},[49,29572,10877],{"class":94},[49,29574,272],{"class":63},[49,29576,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29578,105],{"class":104},[49,29580,108],{"class":63},[49,29582,10592],{"class":104},[49,29584,108],{"class":63},[49,29586,10877],{"class":94},[49,29588,1182],{"class":63},[49,29590,29591],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29592,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,29594,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,29596,27961],{"class":55},[49,29598,60],{"class":59},[49,29600,11190],{"class":55},[49,29602,91],{"class":63},[49,29604,27970],{"class":94},[49,29606,98],{"class":63},[49,29608,29609,29611,29613,29615],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,29610,105],{"class":104},[49,29612,108],{"class":63},[49,29614,22733],{"class":94},[49,29616,272],{"class":63},[20,29618,29619],{},"Or with unpacking:",[40,29621,29623],{"className":42,"code":29622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29624,29625,29643,29653],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29626,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29628,14262],{"class":55},[49,29630,71],{"class":63},[49,29632,21006],{"class":55},[49,29634,60],{"class":59},[49,29636,11190],{"class":55},[49,29638,91],{"class":63},[49,29640,27970],{"class":94},[49,29642,98],{"class":63},[49,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29646,105],{"class":104},[49,29648,108],{"class":63},[49,29650,14262],{"class":94},[49,29652,272],{"class":63},[49,29654,29655,29657,29659,29661],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29656,105],{"class":104},[49,29658,108],{"class":63},[49,29660,1904],{"class":94},[49,29662,272],{"class":63},[35,29664,1253],{"id":1252},[528,29666,4573,29668,4576],{"id":29667},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29669,12190],{},[20,29671,29672,29673,91],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29674,29675],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[528,29677,1257,29679,29681],{"id":29678},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29680,12190],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29683,29684],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[528,29686,29688,29689,29691],{"id":29687},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29690,12190],{}," removes?",[20,29693,29694,29695,29699],{},"No. Use ",[308,29696,29697],{"href":11989},[15,29698,1328],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[528,29701,1257,29703,14317],{"id":29702},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29704,12190],{},[20,29706,29707],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[528,29709,29711,29712,29714],{"id":29710},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29713,12190],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29716,29717,29718,29720,29721,91],{},"It raises ",[15,29719,19110],{}," with the message ",[15,29722,29120],{},[35,29724,1309],{"id":1308},[137,29726,29727,29734,29740,29746,29752,29759,29763,29767],{},[140,29728,29729],{},[308,29730,29731,29733],{"href":11989},[15,29732,1328],{}," method for dictionaries",[140,29735,29736],{},[308,29737,29738,29733],{"href":16498},[15,29739,16501],{},[140,29741,29742],{},[308,29743,29744,29733],{"href":16485},[15,29745,16488],{},[140,29747,29748],{},[308,29749,29750,29733],{"href":16491},[15,29751,16494],{},[140,29753,29754],{},[308,29755,29757,29733],{"href":29756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29758,17],{},[140,29760,29761],{},[308,29762,12206],{"href":11996},[140,29764,29765],{},[308,29766,20879],{"href":16019},[140,29768,29769],{},[308,29770,1346,29771],{"href":29284},[15,29772,29287],{},[1352,29774,29775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":29777},[29778,29779,29781,29782,29783,29784,29785,29786,29791,29796,29798,29799,29811],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":28057,"depth":85,"text":29780},"What popitem() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":28127,"depth":85,"text":28128},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":28480,"depth":85,"text":28481},{"id":28672,"depth":85,"text":28673},{"id":28800,"depth":85,"text":29787,"children":29788},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29789,29790],{"id":27970,"depth":101,"text":12190},{"id":25664,"depth":101,"text":1328},{"id":29069,"depth":85,"text":29070,"children":29792},[29793,29794],{"id":29126,"depth":101,"text":29127},{"id":29201,"depth":101,"text":29795},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29290,"depth":85,"text":29797},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":29800},[29801,29803,29805,29807,29809],{"id":29667,"depth":101,"text":29802},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29678,"depth":101,"text":29804},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29687,"depth":101,"text":29806},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29702,"depth":101,"text":29808},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29710,"depth":101,"text":29810},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27796,"description":29812},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29819,"title":29820,"body":29821,"description":31723,"extension":1392,"meta":31724,"navigation":243,"path":13453,"seo":31725,"stem":31726,"__hash__":31727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29822,"toc":31695},[29823,29828,29833,29836,29838,29935,29940,29945,29950,29953,29961,29964,29979,29981,30081,30083,30140,30144,30146,30149,30168,30173,30184,30187,30214,30217,30219,30276,30278,30299,30305,30310,30313,30324,30326,30434,30436,30489,30491,30503,30510,30516,30521,30524,30612,30614,30659,30662,30670,30673,30676,30745,30748,30751,30755,30758,30829,30831,30884,30887,30890,30893,30908,30911,30923,30926,30989,30991,30997,30999,31001,31080,31082,31123,31125,31190,31192,31229,31234,31239,31243,31257,31260,31383,31385,31470,31475,31477,31481,31503,31506,31586,31589,31608,31613,31615,31621,31626,31632,31635,31641,31644,31650,31655,31661,31667,31669,31692],[10,29824,10749,29826,18],{"id":29825},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29827,14375],{},[20,29829,1409,29830,29832],{},[15,29831,14375],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29834,29835],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[35,29837,1434],{"id":1433},[40,29839,29841],{"className":42,"code":29840,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29842,29843,29879,29920,29930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29844,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29846,12624],{"class":55},[49,29848,60],{"class":59},[49,29850,9923],{"class":63},[49,29852,347],{"class":346},[49,29854,7103],{"class":350},[49,29856,347],{"class":346},[49,29858,135],{"class":63},[49,29860,357],{"class":346},[49,29862,12299],{"class":350},[49,29864,347],{"class":346},[49,29866,71],{"class":63},[49,29868,357],{"class":346},[49,29870,8731],{"class":350},[49,29872,347],{"class":346},[49,29874,135],{"class":63},[49,29876,226],{"class":67},[49,29878,8741],{"class":63},[49,29880,29881,29883,29885,29888,29890,29892,29894,29896,29898,29901,29903,29905,29907,29909,29911,29913,29915,29917],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,29882,16730],{"class":55},[49,29884,91],{"class":63},[49,29886,29887],{"class":94},"update",[49,29889,4962],{"class":63},[49,29891,347],{"class":346},[49,29893,8731],{"class":350},[49,29895,347],{"class":346},[49,29897,135],{"class":63},[49,29899,29900],{"class":67}," 21",[49,29902,71],{"class":63},[49,29904,357],{"class":346},[49,29906,9841],{"class":350},[49,29908,347],{"class":346},[49,29910,135],{"class":63},[49,29912,357],{"class":346},[49,29914,15453],{"class":350},[49,29916,347],{"class":346},[49,29918,29919],{"class":63},"})\n",[49,29921,29922,29924,29926,29928],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,29923,105],{"class":104},[49,29925,108],{"class":63},[49,29927,16730],{"class":94},[49,29929,272],{"class":63},[49,29931,29932],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,29933,29934],{"class":116},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29936,120,29937,29939],{},[15,29938,14375],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[35,29941,127,29943,130],{"id":29942},"what-update-does",[15,29944,14375],{},[20,29946,29947,29949],{},[15,29948,14375],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29951,29952],{},"It can do two main things:",[137,29954,29955,29958],{},[140,29956,29957],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[140,29959,29960],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29962,29963],{},"Important things to know:",[137,29965,29966,29969,29972,29976],{},[140,29967,29968],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[140,29970,29971],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[140,29973,4579,29974],{},[15,29975,323],{},[140,29977,29978],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29980,761],{},[40,29982,29984],{"className":42,"code":29983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29985,29986,30028,30071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29987,29988,29990,29992,29994,29996,29998,30000,30002,30004,30007,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021,30024,30026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29989,12282],{"class":55},[49,29991,60],{"class":59},[49,29993,9923],{"class":63},[49,29995,347],{"class":346},[49,29997,7103],{"class":350},[49,29999,347],{"class":346},[49,30001,135],{"class":63},[49,30003,357],{"class":346},[49,30005,30006],{"class":350},"Mira",[49,30008,347],{"class":346},[49,30010,71],{"class":63},[49,30012,357],{"class":346},[49,30014,19314],{"class":350},[49,30016,347],{"class":346},[49,30018,135],{"class":63},[49,30020,357],{"class":346},[49,30022,30023],{"class":350},"B",[49,30025,347],{"class":346},[49,30027,8741],{"class":63},[49,30029,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064,30067,30069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30031,13046],{"class":55},[49,30033,91],{"class":63},[49,30035,29887],{"class":94},[49,30037,4962],{"class":63},[49,30039,347],{"class":346},[49,30041,19314],{"class":350},[49,30043,347],{"class":346},[49,30045,135],{"class":63},[49,30047,357],{"class":346},[49,30049,21667],{"class":350},[49,30051,347],{"class":346},[49,30053,71],{"class":63},[49,30055,357],{"class":346},[49,30057,9841],{"class":350},[49,30059,347],{"class":346},[49,30061,135],{"class":63},[49,30063,357],{"class":346},[49,30065,30066],{"class":350},"Quito",[49,30068,347],{"class":346},[49,30070,29919],{"class":63},[49,30072,30073,30075,30077,30079],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30074,105],{"class":104},[49,30076,108],{"class":63},[49,30078,13046],{"class":94},[49,30080,272],{"class":63},[20,30082,275],{},[40,30084,30086],{"className":42,"code":30085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30087,30088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30089,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30091,8710],{"class":63},[49,30093,2734],{"class":346},[49,30095,7103],{"class":350},[49,30097,2734],{"class":346},[49,30099,135],{"class":63},[49,30101,2729],{"class":346},[49,30103,30006],{"class":350},[49,30105,2734],{"class":346},[49,30107,71],{"class":63},[49,30109,2729],{"class":346},[49,30111,19314],{"class":350},[49,30113,2734],{"class":346},[49,30115,135],{"class":63},[49,30117,2729],{"class":346},[49,30119,21667],{"class":350},[49,30121,2734],{"class":346},[49,30123,71],{"class":63},[49,30125,2729],{"class":346},[49,30127,9841],{"class":350},[49,30129,2734],{"class":346},[49,30131,135],{"class":63},[49,30133,2729],{"class":346},[49,30135,30066],{"class":350},[49,30137,2734],{"class":346},[49,30139,8741],{"class":63},[20,30141,8583,30142,91],{},[308,30143,24051],{"href":8823},[35,30145,164],{"id":163},[20,30147,30148],{},"The basic form is:",[40,30150,30152],{"className":42,"code":30151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30153,30154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30155,30156,30158,30160,30162,30164,30166],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30157,15026],{"class":55},[49,30159,91],{"class":63},[49,30161,29887],{"class":94},[49,30163,108],{"class":63},[49,30165,1226],{"class":94},[49,30167,272],{"class":63},[20,30169,30170,30172],{},[15,30171,1226],{}," can be:",[137,30174,30175,30178,30181],{},[140,30176,30177],{},"Another dictionary",[140,30179,30180],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[140,30182,30183],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30185,30186],{},"You can also use:",[40,30188,30190],{"className":42,"code":30189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30191,30192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30193,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30195,15026],{"class":55},[49,30197,91],{"class":63},[49,30199,29887],{"class":94},[49,30201,108],{"class":63},[49,30203,7103],{"class":8607},[49,30205,60],{"class":59},[49,30207,347],{"class":346},[49,30209,7112],{"class":350},[49,30211,347],{"class":346},[49,30213,272],{"class":63},[20,30215,30216],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30218,761],{},[40,30220,30222],{"className":42,"code":30221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30223,30224,30244,30266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30225,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30227,8597],{"class":55},[49,30229,60],{"class":59},[49,30231,9923],{"class":63},[49,30233,347],{"class":346},[49,30235,308],{"class":350},[49,30237,347],{"class":346},[49,30239,135],{"class":63},[49,30241,4930],{"class":67},[49,30243,8741],{"class":63},[49,30245,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30247,8636],{"class":55},[49,30249,91],{"class":63},[49,30251,29887],{"class":94},[49,30253,4962],{"class":63},[49,30255,347],{"class":346},[49,30257,308],{"class":350},[49,30259,347],{"class":346},[49,30261,135],{"class":63},[49,30263,5437],{"class":67},[49,30265,29919],{"class":63},[49,30267,30268,30270,30272,30274],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30269,105],{"class":104},[49,30271,108],{"class":63},[49,30273,8636],{"class":94},[49,30275,272],{"class":63},[20,30277,275],{},[40,30279,30281],{"className":42,"code":30280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30282,30283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30284,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30286,8710],{"class":63},[49,30288,2734],{"class":346},[49,30290,308],{"class":350},[49,30292,2734],{"class":346},[49,30294,135],{"class":63},[49,30296,5437],{"class":67},[49,30298,8741],{"class":63},[35,30300,1092,30302,30304],{"id":30301},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30303,14375],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30306,30307,30308,91],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30309,14375],{},[20,30311,30312],{},"It is useful when:",[137,30314,30315,30318,30321],{},[140,30316,30317],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[140,30319,30320],{},"Adding extra settings",[140,30322,30323],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30325,761],{},[40,30327,30329],{"className":42,"code":30328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30330,30331,30368,30405,30409,30424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30332,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30334,13246],{"class":55},[49,30336,60],{"class":59},[49,30338,9923],{"class":63},[49,30340,347],{"class":346},[49,30342,11917],{"class":350},[49,30344,347],{"class":346},[49,30346,135],{"class":63},[49,30348,357],{"class":346},[49,30350,20349],{"class":350},[49,30352,347],{"class":346},[49,30354,71],{"class":63},[49,30356,357],{"class":346},[49,30358,13271],{"class":350},[49,30360,347],{"class":346},[49,30362,135],{"class":63},[49,30364,30365],{"class":67}," 12",[49,30367,8741],{"class":63},[49,30369,30370,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30371,30372],{"class":55},"new_settings ",[49,30374,60],{"class":59},[49,30376,9923],{"class":63},[49,30378,347],{"class":346},[49,30380,13271],{"class":350},[49,30382,347],{"class":346},[49,30384,135],{"class":63},[49,30386,13278],{"class":67},[49,30388,71],{"class":63},[49,30390,357],{"class":346},[49,30392,19546],{"class":350},[49,30394,347],{"class":346},[49,30396,135],{"class":63},[49,30398,357],{"class":346},[49,30400,19580],{"class":350},[49,30402,347],{"class":346},[49,30404,8741],{"class":63},[49,30406,30407],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30408,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,30410,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30422],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,30412,13305],{"class":55},[49,30414,91],{"class":63},[49,30416,29887],{"class":94},[49,30418,108],{"class":63},[49,30420,30421],{"class":94},"new_settings",[49,30423,272],{"class":63},[49,30425,30426,30428,30430,30432],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,30427,105],{"class":104},[49,30429,108],{"class":63},[49,30431,13305],{"class":94},[49,30433,272],{"class":63},[20,30435,275],{},[40,30437,30439],{"className":42,"code":30438,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30440,30441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30442,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30444,8710],{"class":63},[49,30446,2734],{"class":346},[49,30448,11917],{"class":350},[49,30450,2734],{"class":346},[49,30452,135],{"class":63},[49,30454,2729],{"class":346},[49,30456,20349],{"class":350},[49,30458,2734],{"class":346},[49,30460,71],{"class":63},[49,30462,2729],{"class":346},[49,30464,13271],{"class":350},[49,30466,2734],{"class":346},[49,30468,135],{"class":63},[49,30470,13278],{"class":67},[49,30472,71],{"class":63},[49,30474,2729],{"class":346},[49,30476,19546],{"class":350},[49,30478,2734],{"class":346},[49,30480,135],{"class":63},[49,30482,2729],{"class":346},[49,30484,19580],{"class":350},[49,30486,2734],{"class":346},[49,30488,8741],{"class":63},[20,30490,12829],{},[137,30492,30493,30498],{},[140,30494,30495,30497],{},[15,30496,13271],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[140,30499,30500,30502],{},[15,30501,19546],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30504,30505,30506,91],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[308,30507,30509],{"href":30508},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[35,30511,1092,30513,30515],{"id":30512},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30514,14375],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30517,30518,30520],{},[15,30519,14375],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30522,30523],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[40,30525,30527],{"className":42,"code":30526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30528,30529,30549,30584,30588,30602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30530,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30532,4494],{"class":55},[49,30534,60],{"class":59},[49,30536,9923],{"class":63},[49,30538,347],{"class":346},[49,30540,17839],{"class":350},[49,30542,347],{"class":346},[49,30544,135],{"class":63},[49,30546,19321],{"class":67},[49,30548,8741],{"class":63},[49,30550,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30576,30578,30580,30582],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30552,8647],{"class":55},[49,30554,60],{"class":59},[49,30556,8652],{"class":63},[49,30558,347],{"class":346},[49,30560,17848],{"class":350},[49,30562,347],{"class":346},[49,30564,71],{"class":63},[49,30566,12927],{"class":67},[49,30568,8665],{"class":63},[49,30570,8668],{"class":63},[49,30572,347],{"class":346},[49,30574,30575],{"class":350},"english",[49,30577,347],{"class":346},[49,30579,71],{"class":63},[49,30581,28343],{"class":67},[49,30583,8681],{"class":63},[49,30585,30586],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30587,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,30589,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,30591,15811],{"class":55},[49,30593,91],{"class":63},[49,30595,29887],{"class":94},[49,30597,108],{"class":63},[49,30599,8694],{"class":94},[49,30601,272],{"class":63},[49,30603,30604,30606,30608,30610],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,30605,105],{"class":104},[49,30607,108],{"class":63},[49,30609,15811],{"class":94},[49,30611,272],{"class":63},[20,30613,275],{},[40,30615,30617],{"className":42,"code":30616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30618,30619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30620,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30622,8710],{"class":63},[49,30624,2734],{"class":346},[49,30626,17839],{"class":350},[49,30628,2734],{"class":346},[49,30630,135],{"class":63},[49,30632,19321],{"class":67},[49,30634,71],{"class":63},[49,30636,2729],{"class":346},[49,30638,17848],{"class":350},[49,30640,2734],{"class":346},[49,30642,135],{"class":63},[49,30644,12927],{"class":67},[49,30646,71],{"class":63},[49,30648,2729],{"class":346},[49,30650,30575],{"class":350},[49,30652,2734],{"class":346},[49,30654,135],{"class":63},[49,30656,28343],{"class":67},[49,30658,8741],{"class":63},[20,30660,30661],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[137,30663,30664,30667],{},[140,30665,30666],{},"The key",[140,30668,30669],{},"The value",[20,30671,30672],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30674,30675],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[40,30677,30679],{"className":42,"code":30678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30680,30681,30701,30726,30730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30682,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30684,8597],{"class":55},[49,30686,60],{"class":59},[49,30688,9923],{"class":63},[49,30690,347],{"class":346},[49,30692,308],{"class":350},[49,30694,347],{"class":346},[49,30696,135],{"class":63},[49,30698,4930],{"class":67},[49,30700,8741],{"class":63},[49,30702,30703,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30704,30705],{"class":55},"bad_pairs ",[49,30707,60],{"class":59},[49,30709,8652],{"class":63},[49,30711,347],{"class":346},[49,30713,360],{"class":350},[49,30715,347],{"class":346},[49,30717,71],{"class":63},[49,30719,74],{"class":67},[49,30721,71],{"class":63},[49,30723,79],{"class":67},[49,30725,8681],{"class":63},[49,30727,30728],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30729,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,30731,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30743],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,30733,8636],{"class":55},[49,30735,91],{"class":63},[49,30737,29887],{"class":94},[49,30739,108],{"class":63},[49,30741,30742],{"class":94},"bad_pairs",[49,30744,272],{"class":63},[20,30746,30747],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30749,30750],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[35,30752,30754],{"id":30753},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30756,30757],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[40,30759,30761],{"className":42,"code":30760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30762,30763,30787,30819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30764,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30766,10912],{"class":55},[49,30768,60],{"class":59},[49,30770,9923],{"class":63},[49,30772,347],{"class":346},[49,30774,7103],{"class":350},[49,30776,347],{"class":346},[49,30778,135],{"class":63},[49,30780,357],{"class":346},[49,30782,28336],{"class":350},[49,30784,347],{"class":346},[49,30786,8741],{"class":63},[49,30788,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30808,30810,30812,30815,30817],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30790,11006],{"class":55},[49,30792,91],{"class":63},[49,30794,29887],{"class":94},[49,30796,108],{"class":63},[49,30798,8731],{"class":8607},[49,30800,60],{"class":59},[49,30802,8625],{"class":67},[49,30804,71],{"class":63},[49,30806,30807],{"class":8607}," city",[49,30809,60],{"class":59},[49,30811,347],{"class":346},[49,30813,30814],{"class":350},"Madrid",[49,30816,347],{"class":346},[49,30818,272],{"class":63},[49,30820,30821,30823,30825,30827],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30822,105],{"class":104},[49,30824,108],{"class":63},[49,30826,11006],{"class":94},[49,30828,272],{"class":63},[20,30830,275],{},[40,30832,30834],{"className":42,"code":30833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30835,30836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30837,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30839,8710],{"class":63},[49,30841,2734],{"class":346},[49,30843,7103],{"class":350},[49,30845,2734],{"class":346},[49,30847,135],{"class":63},[49,30849,2729],{"class":346},[49,30851,28336],{"class":350},[49,30853,2734],{"class":346},[49,30855,71],{"class":63},[49,30857,2729],{"class":346},[49,30859,8731],{"class":350},[49,30861,2734],{"class":346},[49,30863,135],{"class":63},[49,30865,8738],{"class":67},[49,30867,71],{"class":63},[49,30869,2729],{"class":346},[49,30871,9841],{"class":350},[49,30873,2734],{"class":346},[49,30875,135],{"class":63},[49,30877,2729],{"class":346},[49,30879,30814],{"class":350},[49,30881,2734],{"class":346},[49,30883,8741],{"class":63},[20,30885,30886],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30888,30889],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30891,30892],{},"These work:",[137,30894,30895,30899,30903],{},[140,30896,30897],{},[15,30898,8731],{},[140,30900,30901],{},[15,30902,9841],{},[140,30904,30905],{},[15,30906,30907],{},"first_name",[20,30909,30910],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[137,30912,30913,30918],{},[140,30914,30915],{},[15,30916,30917],{},"\"first name\"",[140,30919,30920],{},[15,30921,30922],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30924,30925],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[40,30927,30929],{"className":42,"code":30928,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30930,30931,30939,30979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30932,30933,30935,30937],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30934,10912],{"class":55},[49,30936,60],{"class":59},[49,30938,9270],{"class":63},[49,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30970,30972,30974,30977],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,30942,11006],{"class":55},[49,30944,91],{"class":63},[49,30946,29887],{"class":94},[49,30948,4962],{"class":63},[49,30950,347],{"class":346},[49,30952,9945],{"class":350},[49,30954,347],{"class":346},[49,30956,135],{"class":63},[49,30958,357],{"class":346},[49,30960,28336],{"class":350},[49,30962,347],{"class":346},[49,30964,71],{"class":63},[49,30966,357],{"class":346},[49,30968,30969],{"class":350},"user-id",[49,30971,347],{"class":346},[49,30973,135],{"class":63},[49,30975,30976],{"class":67}," 1001",[49,30978,29919],{"class":63},[49,30980,30981,30983,30985,30987],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,30982,105],{"class":104},[49,30984,108],{"class":63},[49,30986,11006],{"class":94},[49,30988,272],{"class":63},[35,30990,315],{"id":314},[20,30992,30993,320,30995,91],{},[15,30994,14375],{},[15,30996,323],{},[20,30998,13469],{},[20,31000,24131],{},[40,31002,31004],{"className":42,"code":31003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31005,31006,31030,31056,31060,31070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31007,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31009,12624],{"class":55},[49,31011,60],{"class":59},[49,31013,9923],{"class":63},[49,31015,347],{"class":346},[49,31017,7103],{"class":350},[49,31019,347],{"class":346},[49,31021,135],{"class":63},[49,31023,357],{"class":346},[49,31025,12299],{"class":350},[49,31027,347],{"class":346},[49,31029,8741],{"class":63},[49,31031,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31033,382],{"class":55},[49,31035,60],{"class":59},[49,31037,12667],{"class":55},[49,31039,91],{"class":63},[49,31041,29887],{"class":94},[49,31043,4962],{"class":63},[49,31045,347],{"class":346},[49,31047,8731],{"class":350},[49,31049,347],{"class":346},[49,31051,135],{"class":63},[49,31053,226],{"class":67},[49,31055,29919],{"class":63},[49,31057,31058],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,31059,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,31061,31062,31064,31066,31068],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,31063,105],{"class":104},[49,31065,108],{"class":63},[49,31067,420],{"class":94},[49,31069,272],{"class":63},[49,31071,31072,31074,31076,31078],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,31073,105],{"class":104},[49,31075,108],{"class":63},[49,31077,16730],{"class":94},[49,31079,272],{"class":63},[20,31081,275],{},[40,31083,31085],{"className":42,"code":31084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31086,31087,31091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31088,31089],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31090,11232],{"class":3281},[49,31092,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31094,8710],{"class":63},[49,31096,2734],{"class":346},[49,31098,7103],{"class":350},[49,31100,2734],{"class":346},[49,31102,135],{"class":63},[49,31104,2729],{"class":346},[49,31106,12299],{"class":350},[49,31108,2734],{"class":346},[49,31110,71],{"class":63},[49,31112,2729],{"class":346},[49,31114,8731],{"class":350},[49,31116,2734],{"class":346},[49,31118,135],{"class":63},[49,31120,226],{"class":67},[49,31122,8741],{"class":63},[20,31124,16078],{},[40,31126,31128],{"className":42,"code":31127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31129,31130,31154,31176,31180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31131,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31133,12624],{"class":55},[49,31135,60],{"class":59},[49,31137,9923],{"class":63},[49,31139,347],{"class":346},[49,31141,7103],{"class":350},[49,31143,347],{"class":346},[49,31145,135],{"class":63},[49,31147,357],{"class":346},[49,31149,12299],{"class":350},[49,31151,347],{"class":346},[49,31153,8741],{"class":63},[49,31155,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31157,16730],{"class":55},[49,31159,91],{"class":63},[49,31161,29887],{"class":94},[49,31163,4962],{"class":63},[49,31165,347],{"class":346},[49,31167,8731],{"class":350},[49,31169,347],{"class":346},[49,31171,135],{"class":63},[49,31173,226],{"class":67},[49,31175,29919],{"class":63},[49,31177,31178],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,31179,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,31181,31182,31184,31186,31188],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,31183,105],{"class":104},[49,31185,108],{"class":63},[49,31187,16730],{"class":94},[49,31189,272],{"class":63},[20,31191,275],{},[40,31193,31195],{"className":42,"code":31194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31196,31197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31198,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31200,8710],{"class":63},[49,31202,2734],{"class":346},[49,31204,7103],{"class":350},[49,31206,2734],{"class":346},[49,31208,135],{"class":63},[49,31210,2729],{"class":346},[49,31212,12299],{"class":350},[49,31214,2734],{"class":346},[49,31216,71],{"class":63},[49,31218,2729],{"class":346},[49,31220,8731],{"class":350},[49,31222,2734],{"class":346},[49,31224,135],{"class":63},[49,31226,226],{"class":67},[49,31228,8741],{"class":63},[20,31230,31231,31232,91],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[308,31233,17326],{"href":10163},[35,31235,740,31237],{"id":31236},"when-to-use-update",[15,31238,14375],{},[20,31240,120,31241,10033],{},[15,31242,14375],{},[137,31244,31245,31248,31251,31254],{},[140,31246,31247],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[140,31249,31250],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[140,31252,31253],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[140,31255,31256],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31258,31259],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[40,31261,31263],{"className":42,"code":31262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31264,31265,31301,31316,31320,31359,31363,31373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31266,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31268,11509],{"class":55},[49,31270,60],{"class":59},[49,31272,9923],{"class":63},[49,31274,347],{"class":346},[49,31276,7103],{"class":350},[49,31278,347],{"class":346},[49,31280,135],{"class":63},[49,31282,357],{"class":346},[49,31284,12299],{"class":350},[49,31286,347],{"class":346},[49,31288,71],{"class":63},[49,31290,357],{"class":346},[49,31292,8731],{"class":350},[49,31294,347],{"class":346},[49,31296,135],{"class":63},[49,31298,226],{"class":67},[49,31300,8741],{"class":63},[49,31302,31303,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31304,31305],{"class":55},"updated ",[49,31307,60],{"class":59},[49,31309,11584],{"class":55},[49,31311,91],{"class":63},[49,31313,12330],{"class":94},[49,31315,98],{"class":63},[49,31317,31318],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,31319,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,31321,31322,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,31323,31324],{"class":55},"updated",[49,31326,91],{"class":63},[49,31328,29887],{"class":94},[49,31330,4962],{"class":63},[49,31332,347],{"class":346},[49,31334,8731],{"class":350},[49,31336,347],{"class":346},[49,31338,135],{"class":63},[49,31340,29900],{"class":67},[49,31342,71],{"class":63},[49,31344,357],{"class":346},[49,31346,9841],{"class":350},[49,31348,347],{"class":346},[49,31350,135],{"class":63},[49,31352,357],{"class":346},[49,31354,15453],{"class":350},[49,31356,347],{"class":346},[49,31358,29919],{"class":63},[49,31360,31361],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,31362,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,31364,31365,31367,31369,31371],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,31366,105],{"class":104},[49,31368,108],{"class":63},[49,31370,11556],{"class":94},[49,31372,272],{"class":63},[49,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,31376,105],{"class":104},[49,31378,108],{"class":63},[49,31380,31324],{"class":94},[49,31382,272],{"class":63},[20,31384,275],{},[40,31386,31388],{"className":42,"code":31387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31389,31390,31422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31391,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31393,8710],{"class":63},[49,31395,2734],{"class":346},[49,31397,7103],{"class":350},[49,31399,2734],{"class":346},[49,31401,135],{"class":63},[49,31403,2729],{"class":346},[49,31405,12299],{"class":350},[49,31407,2734],{"class":346},[49,31409,71],{"class":63},[49,31411,2729],{"class":346},[49,31413,8731],{"class":350},[49,31415,2734],{"class":346},[49,31417,135],{"class":63},[49,31419,226],{"class":67},[49,31421,8741],{"class":63},[49,31423,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31425,8710],{"class":63},[49,31427,2734],{"class":346},[49,31429,7103],{"class":350},[49,31431,2734],{"class":346},[49,31433,135],{"class":63},[49,31435,2729],{"class":346},[49,31437,12299],{"class":350},[49,31439,2734],{"class":346},[49,31441,71],{"class":63},[49,31443,2729],{"class":346},[49,31445,8731],{"class":350},[49,31447,2734],{"class":346},[49,31449,135],{"class":63},[49,31451,29900],{"class":67},[49,31453,71],{"class":63},[49,31455,2729],{"class":346},[49,31457,9841],{"class":350},[49,31459,2734],{"class":346},[49,31461,135],{"class":63},[49,31463,2729],{"class":346},[49,31465,15453],{"class":350},[49,31467,2734],{"class":346},[49,31469,8741],{"class":63},[20,31471,31472,31473,91],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[308,31474,16020],{"href":16019},[35,31476,2261],{"id":2260},[20,31478,10179,31479,135],{},[15,31480,14375],{},[137,31482,31483,31490,31494,31497,31500],{},[140,31484,12017,31485,31487,31488],{},[15,31486,14375],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31489,323],{},[140,31491,1011,31492,12025],{},[15,31493,14375],{},[140,31495,31496],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[140,31498,31499],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[140,31501,31502],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31504,31505],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[40,31507,31509],{"className":42,"code":31508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31510,31511,31521,31535,31549,31571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31512,31513,31515,31517,31519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31514,105],{"class":104},[49,31516,108],{"class":63},[49,31518,10877],{"class":94},[49,31520,272],{"class":63},[49,31522,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31524,105],{"class":104},[49,31526,108],{"class":63},[49,31528,1175],{"class":1174},[49,31530,108],{"class":63},[49,31532,8636],{"class":94},[49,31534,1182],{"class":63},[49,31536,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,31538,105],{"class":104},[49,31540,108],{"class":63},[49,31542,7526],{"class":1174},[49,31544,108],{"class":63},[49,31546,8636],{"class":94},[49,31548,1182],{"class":63},[49,31550,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,31552,105],{"class":104},[49,31554,108],{"class":63},[49,31556,10877],{"class":94},[49,31558,91],{"class":63},[49,31560,19173],{"class":94},[49,31562,108],{"class":63},[49,31564,2734],{"class":346},[49,31566,14262],{"class":350},[49,31568,2734],{"class":346},[49,31570,1182],{"class":63},[49,31572,31573,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,31574,31575],{"class":104},"help",[49,31577,108],{"class":63},[49,31579,8252],{"class":1174},[49,31581,91],{"class":63},[49,31583,29887],{"class":915},[49,31585,272],{"class":63},[20,31587,31588],{},"These can help you check:",[137,31590,31591,31594,31599,31602,31605],{},[140,31592,31593],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[140,31595,31596,31597],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31598,14375],{},[140,31600,31601],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[140,31603,31604],{},"Whether a key exists",[140,31606,31607],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31609,31610,31611,91],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[308,31612,10693],{"href":10505},[35,31614,1253],{"id":1252},[528,31616,1257,31618,31620],{"id":31617},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31619,14375],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31622,31623,31624,91],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31625,323],{},[528,31627,1257,31629,31631],{"id":31628},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31630,14375],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31633,31634],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[528,31636,4601,31638,31640],{"id":31637},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31639,14375],{}," add new keys?",[20,31642,31643],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[528,31645,1296,31647,31649],{"id":31646},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31648,14375],{}," with a list?",[20,31651,31652,31653,91],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31654,10525],{},[528,31656,1279,31658,31660],{"id":31657},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31659,14375],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31662,31663,31664,31666],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31665,14375],{}," can change many keys at once.",[35,31668,1309],{"id":1308},[137,31670,31671,31675,31679,31684,31688],{},[140,31672,31673],{},[308,31674,25518],{"href":8823},[140,31676,31677],{},[308,31678,10682],{"href":10163},[140,31680,31681],{},[308,31682,31683],{"href":30508},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[140,31685,31686],{},[308,31687,20879],{"href":16019},[140,31689,31690],{},[308,31691,10693],{"href":10505},[1352,31693,31694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":31696},[31697,31698,31700,31701,31703,31705,31706,31707,31709,31710,31722],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":29942,"depth":85,"text":31699},"What update() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":30301,"depth":85,"text":31702},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30512,"depth":85,"text":31704},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30753,"depth":85,"text":30754},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":31236,"depth":85,"text":31708},"When to use update()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":31711},[31712,31714,31716,31718,31720],{"id":31617,"depth":101,"text":31713},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31628,"depth":101,"text":31715},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31637,"depth":101,"text":31717},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31646,"depth":101,"text":31719},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31657,"depth":101,"text":31721},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29820,"description":31723},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31729,"title":31730,"body":31731,"description":33718,"extension":1392,"meta":33719,"navigation":243,"path":22317,"seo":33720,"stem":33721,"__hash__":33722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31732,"toc":33681},[31733,31738,31745,31748,31750,31849,31851,31906,31911,31916,31930,31935,31937,31952,31954,31968,31981,31986,31992,31999,32001,32108,32110,32159,32165,32240,32242,32263,32265,32268,32373,32375,32430,32432,32460,32464,32469,32548,32550,32570,32572,32583,32593,32597,32602,32706,32708,32733,32736,32747,32752,32761,32764,32781,32783,32870,32872,32935,32937,32960,32962,32967,32973,32978,32980,33019,33024,33027,33046,33056,33062,33065,33138,33140,33159,33164,33167,33190,33196,33199,33263,33266,33343,33350,33353,33412,33418,33420,33439,33443,33446,33497,33500,33520,33522,33583,33585,33590,33595,33600,33605,33610,33615,33621,33624,33633,33641,33643,33678],[10,31734,10749,31736,18],{"id":31735},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31737,16494],{},[20,31739,31740,31741,31744],{},"The Python ",[15,31742,31743],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31746,31747],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[35,31749,1434],{"id":1433},[40,31751,31753],{"className":42,"code":31752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31754,31755,31807,31821,31825,31835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31756,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31758,12282],{"class":55},[49,31760,60],{"class":59},[49,31762,9923],{"class":63},[49,31764,347],{"class":346},[49,31766,7103],{"class":350},[49,31768,347],{"class":346},[49,31770,135],{"class":63},[49,31772,357],{"class":346},[49,31774,12299],{"class":350},[49,31776,347],{"class":346},[49,31778,71],{"class":63},[49,31780,357],{"class":346},[49,31782,8731],{"class":350},[49,31784,347],{"class":346},[49,31786,135],{"class":63},[49,31788,226],{"class":67},[49,31790,71],{"class":63},[49,31792,357],{"class":346},[49,31794,9841],{"class":350},[49,31796,347],{"class":346},[49,31798,135],{"class":63},[49,31800,357],{"class":346},[49,31802,15453],{"class":350},[49,31804,347],{"class":346},[49,31806,8741],{"class":63},[49,31808,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31810,3252],{"class":55},[49,31812,60],{"class":59},[49,31814,12325],{"class":55},[49,31816,91],{"class":63},[49,31818,4790],{"class":94},[49,31820,98],{"class":63},[49,31822,31823],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,31824,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,31826,31827,31829,31831,31833],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,31828,105],{"class":104},[49,31830,108],{"class":63},[49,31832,4790],{"class":94},[49,31834,272],{"class":63},[49,31836,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,31838,105],{"class":104},[49,31840,108],{"class":63},[49,31842,7526],{"class":1174},[49,31844,108],{"class":63},[49,31846,4790],{"class":94},[49,31848,1182],{"class":63},[20,31850,275],{},[40,31852,31854],{"className":42,"code":31853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31855,31856,31882],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31857,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31859,16460],{"class":94},[49,31861,2418],{"class":63},[49,31863,2734],{"class":346},[49,31865,12299],{"class":350},[49,31867,2734],{"class":346},[49,31869,71],{"class":63},[49,31871,226],{"class":67},[49,31873,71],{"class":63},[49,31875,2729],{"class":346},[49,31877,15453],{"class":350},[49,31879,2734],{"class":346},[49,31881,3319],{"class":63},[49,31883,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,31885,938],{"class":63},[49,31887,2734],{"class":346},[49,31889,12299],{"class":350},[49,31891,2734],{"class":346},[49,31893,71],{"class":63},[49,31895,226],{"class":67},[49,31897,71],{"class":63},[49,31899,2729],{"class":346},[49,31901,15453],{"class":350},[49,31903,2734],{"class":346},[49,31905,82],{"class":63},[20,31907,31908,31910],{},[15,31909,16494],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[35,31912,127,31914,130],{"id":31913},"what-values-does",[15,31915,16494],{},[137,31917,31918,31921,31924,31927],{},[140,31919,31920],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[140,31922,31923],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[140,31925,31926],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[140,31928,31929],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31931,31932,31933,91],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[308,31934,8824],{"href":8823},[35,31936,164],{"id":163},[40,31938,31940],{"className":42,"code":31939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31941,31942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31943,31944,31946,31948,31950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31945,10877],{"class":55},[49,31947,91],{"class":63},[49,31949,4790],{"class":94},[49,31951,98],{"class":63},[20,31953,12471],{},[137,31955,31956,31960,31963],{},[140,31957,31958,10892],{},[15,31959,16494],{},[140,31961,31962],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[140,31964,31965,31966],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31967,16494],{},[20,31969,31970,31971,618,31976,91],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[308,31972,31973,31975],{"href":16485},[15,31974,16488],{}," for dictionary keys",[308,31977,31978,31980],{"href":16498},[15,31979,16501],{}," for key-value pairs",[35,31982,127,31984,11129],{"id":31983},"what-values-returns",[15,31985,16494],{},[20,31987,31988,21397,31990,24186],{},[15,31989,16494],{},[15,31991,16460],{},[20,31993,31994,31995,31998],{},"This object is a ",[30,31996,31997],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32000,761],{},[40,32002,32004],{"className":42,"code":32003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32005,32006,32042,32046,32061,32072,32076,32098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32007,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32009,12624],{"class":55},[49,32011,60],{"class":59},[49,32013,9923],{"class":63},[49,32015,347],{"class":346},[49,32017,7103],{"class":350},[49,32019,347],{"class":346},[49,32021,135],{"class":63},[49,32023,357],{"class":346},[49,32025,7353],{"class":350},[49,32027,347],{"class":346},[49,32029,71],{"class":63},[49,32031,357],{"class":346},[49,32033,8731],{"class":350},[49,32035,347],{"class":346},[49,32037,135],{"class":63},[49,32039,8738],{"class":67},[49,32041,8741],{"class":63},[49,32043,32044],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32045,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32047,32048,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32049,32050],{"class":55},"values_view ",[49,32052,60],{"class":59},[49,32054,12667],{"class":55},[49,32056,91],{"class":63},[49,32058,4790],{"class":94},[49,32060,98],{"class":63},[49,32062,32063,32065,32067,32070],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32064,105],{"class":104},[49,32066,108],{"class":63},[49,32068,32069],{"class":94},"values_view",[49,32071,272],{"class":63},[49,32073,32074],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,32075,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32077,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,32079,16730],{"class":55},[49,32081,938],{"class":63},[49,32083,347],{"class":346},[49,32085,9841],{"class":350},[49,32087,347],{"class":346},[49,32089,12693],{"class":63},[49,32091,12696],{"class":59},[49,32093,357],{"class":346},[49,32095,30066],{"class":350},[49,32097,1124],{"class":346},[49,32099,32100,32102,32104,32106],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,32101,105],{"class":104},[49,32103,108],{"class":63},[49,32105,32069],{"class":94},[49,32107,272],{"class":63},[20,32109,275],{},[40,32111,32113],{"className":42,"code":32112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32114,32115,32133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32116,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32118,16460],{"class":94},[49,32120,2418],{"class":63},[49,32122,2734],{"class":346},[49,32124,7353],{"class":350},[49,32126,2734],{"class":346},[49,32128,71],{"class":63},[49,32130,8738],{"class":67},[49,32132,3319],{"class":63},[49,32134,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32136,16460],{"class":94},[49,32138,2418],{"class":63},[49,32140,2734],{"class":346},[49,32142,7353],{"class":350},[49,32144,2734],{"class":346},[49,32146,71],{"class":63},[49,32148,8738],{"class":67},[49,32150,71],{"class":63},[49,32152,2729],{"class":346},[49,32154,30066],{"class":350},[49,32156,2734],{"class":346},[49,32158,3319],{"class":63},[20,32160,32161,32162,91],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32163,32164],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[40,32166,32168],{"className":42,"code":32167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32169,32170,32206,32225,32229],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32171,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32173,12624],{"class":55},[49,32175,60],{"class":59},[49,32177,9923],{"class":63},[49,32179,347],{"class":346},[49,32181,7103],{"class":350},[49,32183,347],{"class":346},[49,32185,135],{"class":63},[49,32187,357],{"class":346},[49,32189,7353],{"class":350},[49,32191,347],{"class":346},[49,32193,71],{"class":63},[49,32195,357],{"class":346},[49,32197,8731],{"class":350},[49,32199,347],{"class":346},[49,32201,135],{"class":63},[49,32203,8738],{"class":67},[49,32205,8741],{"class":63},[49,32207,32208,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32209,32210],{"class":55},"values_list ",[49,32212,60],{"class":59},[49,32214,21982],{"class":1174},[49,32216,108],{"class":63},[49,32218,16730],{"class":94},[49,32220,91],{"class":63},[49,32222,4790],{"class":94},[49,32224,6628],{"class":63},[49,32226,32227],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32228,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32230,32231,32233,32235,32238],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32232,105],{"class":104},[49,32234,108],{"class":63},[49,32236,32237],{"class":94},"values_list",[49,32239,272],{"class":63},[20,32241,275],{},[40,32243,32245],{"className":42,"code":32244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32246,32247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32248,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32250,938],{"class":63},[49,32252,2734],{"class":346},[49,32254,7353],{"class":350},[49,32256,2734],{"class":346},[49,32258,71],{"class":63},[49,32260,8738],{"class":67},[49,32262,82],{"class":63},[35,32264,201],{"id":200},[20,32266,32267],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[40,32269,32271],{"className":42,"code":32270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32272,32273,32327,32331,32345,32349,32359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32274,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32308,32310,32312,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32276,24218],{"class":55},[49,32278,60],{"class":59},[49,32280,9923],{"class":63},[49,32282,347],{"class":346},[49,32284,24227],{"class":350},[49,32286,347],{"class":346},[49,32288,135],{"class":63},[49,32290,357],{"class":346},[49,32292,24236],{"class":350},[49,32294,347],{"class":346},[49,32296,71],{"class":63},[49,32298,357],{"class":346},[49,32300,24245],{"class":350},[49,32302,347],{"class":346},[49,32304,135],{"class":63},[49,32306,32307],{"class":67}," 2022",[49,32309,71],{"class":63},[49,32311,357],{"class":346},[49,32313,32314],{"class":350},"color",[49,32316,347],{"class":346},[49,32318,135],{"class":63},[49,32320,357],{"class":346},[49,32322,12529],{"class":350},[49,32324,347],{"class":346},[49,32326,8741],{"class":63},[49,32328,32329],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32330,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32332,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32334,382],{"class":55},[49,32336,60],{"class":59},[49,32338,24267],{"class":55},[49,32340,91],{"class":63},[49,32342,4790],{"class":94},[49,32344,98],{"class":63},[49,32346,32347],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32348,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32350,32351,32353,32355,32357],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,32352,105],{"class":104},[49,32354,108],{"class":63},[49,32356,420],{"class":94},[49,32358,272],{"class":63},[49,32360,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,32362,105],{"class":104},[49,32364,108],{"class":63},[49,32366,7526],{"class":1174},[49,32368,108],{"class":63},[49,32370,420],{"class":94},[49,32372,1182],{"class":63},[20,32374,275],{},[40,32376,32378],{"className":42,"code":32377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32379,32380,32406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32381,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32383,16460],{"class":94},[49,32385,2418],{"class":63},[49,32387,2734],{"class":346},[49,32389,24236],{"class":350},[49,32391,2734],{"class":346},[49,32393,71],{"class":63},[49,32395,32307],{"class":67},[49,32397,71],{"class":63},[49,32399,2729],{"class":346},[49,32401,12529],{"class":350},[49,32403,2734],{"class":346},[49,32405,3319],{"class":63},[49,32407,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32409,938],{"class":63},[49,32411,2734],{"class":346},[49,32413,24236],{"class":350},[49,32415,2734],{"class":346},[49,32417,71],{"class":63},[49,32419,32307],{"class":67},[49,32421,71],{"class":63},[49,32423,2729],{"class":346},[49,32425,12529],{"class":350},[49,32427,2734],{"class":346},[49,32429,82],{"class":63},[20,32431,287],{},[137,32433,32434,32440,32446,32454],{},[140,32435,32436,32439],{},[15,32437,32438],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[140,32441,32442,32445],{},[15,32443,32444],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[140,32447,32448,32451,32452,24040],{},[15,32449,32450],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32453,16460],{},[140,32455,32456,32459],{},[15,32457,32458],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[35,32461,32463],{"id":32462},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32465,32466,32467,25487],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32468,5391],{},[40,32470,32472],{"className":42,"code":32471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32473,32474,32518,32522,32538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32475,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32477,4494],{"class":55},[49,32479,60],{"class":59},[49,32481,9923],{"class":63},[49,32483,347],{"class":346},[49,32485,17839],{"class":350},[49,32487,347],{"class":346},[49,32489,135],{"class":63},[49,32491,19321],{"class":67},[49,32493,71],{"class":63},[49,32495,357],{"class":346},[49,32497,30575],{"class":350},[49,32499,347],{"class":346},[49,32501,135],{"class":63},[49,32503,12927],{"class":67},[49,32505,71],{"class":63},[49,32507,357],{"class":346},[49,32509,17848],{"class":350},[49,32511,347],{"class":346},[49,32513,135],{"class":63},[49,32515,28343],{"class":67},[49,32517,8741],{"class":63},[49,32519,32520],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32521,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32523,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32525,5391],{"class":3306},[49,32527,21006],{"class":55},[49,32529,3313],{"class":3306},[49,32531,4541],{"class":55},[49,32533,91],{"class":63},[49,32535,4790],{"class":94},[49,32537,21017],{"class":63},[49,32539,32540,32542,32544,32546],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32541,7501],{"class":104},[49,32543,108],{"class":63},[49,32545,1904],{"class":94},[49,32547,272],{"class":63},[20,32549,275],{},[40,32551,32553],{"className":42,"code":32552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32554,32555,32560,32565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32556,32557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32558,32559],{"class":67},"90\n",[49,32561,32562],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32563,32564],{"class":67},"85\n",[49,32566,32567],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32568,32569],{"class":67},"88\n",[20,32571,17132],{},[137,32573,32574,32577,32580],{},[140,32575,32576],{},"You only need the values",[140,32578,32579],{},"You do not care about the keys",[140,32581,32582],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32584,32585,32586,2310,32590,91],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[308,32587,10169,32588,736],{"href":16498},[15,32589,16501],{},[308,32591,21897],{"href":32592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[35,32594,32596],{"id":32595},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32598,120,32599,32601],{},[15,32600,32164],{}," when you need a list.",[40,32603,32605],{"className":42,"code":32604,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32606,32607,32653,32657,32677,32681,32692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32608,32609,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32645,32647,32649,32651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32610,32611],{"class":55},"fruit_prices ",[49,32613,60],{"class":59},[49,32615,9923],{"class":63},[49,32617,347],{"class":346},[49,32619,3510],{"class":350},[49,32621,347],{"class":346},[49,32623,135],{"class":63},[49,32625,74],{"class":67},[49,32627,71],{"class":63},[49,32629,357],{"class":346},[49,32631,3519],{"class":350},[49,32633,347],{"class":346},[49,32635,135],{"class":63},[49,32637,4930],{"class":67},[49,32639,71],{"class":63},[49,32641,357],{"class":346},[49,32643,32644],{"class":350},"orange",[49,32646,347],{"class":346},[49,32648,135],{"class":63},[49,32650,79],{"class":67},[49,32652,8741],{"class":63},[49,32654,32655],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32656,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32658,32659,32662,32664,32666,32668,32671,32673,32675],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32660,32661],{"class":55},"price_list ",[49,32663,60],{"class":59},[49,32665,21982],{"class":1174},[49,32667,108],{"class":63},[49,32669,32670],{"class":94},"fruit_prices",[49,32672,91],{"class":63},[49,32674,4790],{"class":94},[49,32676,6628],{"class":63},[49,32678,32679],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32680,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32682,32683,32685,32687,32690],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,32684,105],{"class":104},[49,32686,108],{"class":63},[49,32688,32689],{"class":94},"price_list",[49,32691,272],{"class":63},[49,32693,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,32695,105],{"class":104},[49,32697,108],{"class":63},[49,32699,32689],{"class":94},[49,32701,938],{"class":63},[49,32703,1552],{"class":67},[49,32705,3319],{"class":63},[20,32707,275],{},[40,32709,32711],{"className":42,"code":32710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32712,32713,32729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32714,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32716,938],{"class":63},[49,32718,1488],{"class":67},[49,32720,71],{"class":63},[49,32722,4930],{"class":67},[49,32724,71],{"class":63},[49,32726,79],{"class":67},[49,32728,82],{"class":63},[49,32730,32731],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32732,16479],{"class":67},[20,32734,32735],{},"This is helpful for:",[137,32737,32738,32741,32744],{},[140,32739,32740],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[140,32742,32743],{},"Accessing values by index",[140,32745,32746],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32748,3355,32749,32751],{},[15,32750,16460],{}," is not the same as a list.",[35,32753,32755,10018,32757,10018,32759],{"id":32754},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32756,16494],{},[15,32758,16488],{},[15,32760,16501],{},[20,32762,32763],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[137,32765,32766,32771,32776],{},[140,32767,32768,32770],{},[15,32769,16494],{}," returns only the values",[140,32772,32773,32775],{},[15,32774,16488],{}," returns only the keys",[140,32777,32778,32780],{},[15,32779,16501],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32782,1558],{},[40,32784,32786],{"className":42,"code":32785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32787,32788,32824,32828,32842,32856],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32789,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32791,12282],{"class":55},[49,32793,60],{"class":59},[49,32795,9923],{"class":63},[49,32797,347],{"class":346},[49,32799,7103],{"class":350},[49,32801,347],{"class":346},[49,32803,135],{"class":63},[49,32805,357],{"class":346},[49,32807,12299],{"class":350},[49,32809,347],{"class":346},[49,32811,71],{"class":63},[49,32813,357],{"class":346},[49,32815,8731],{"class":350},[49,32817,347],{"class":346},[49,32819,135],{"class":63},[49,32821,226],{"class":67},[49,32823,8741],{"class":63},[49,32825,32826],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32827,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,32829,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32831,105],{"class":104},[49,32833,108],{"class":63},[49,32835,13046],{"class":94},[49,32837,91],{"class":63},[49,32839,16346],{"class":94},[49,32841,6628],{"class":63},[49,32843,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,32845,105],{"class":104},[49,32847,108],{"class":63},[49,32849,13046],{"class":94},[49,32851,91],{"class":63},[49,32853,4790],{"class":94},[49,32855,6628],{"class":63},[49,32857,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,32859,105],{"class":104},[49,32861,108],{"class":63},[49,32863,13046],{"class":94},[49,32865,91],{"class":63},[49,32867,88],{"class":94},[49,32869,6628],{"class":63},[20,32871,275],{},[40,32873,32875],{"className":42,"code":32874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32876,32877,32899,32917],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32878,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32880,16437],{"class":94},[49,32882,2418],{"class":63},[49,32884,2734],{"class":346},[49,32886,7103],{"class":350},[49,32888,2734],{"class":346},[49,32890,71],{"class":63},[49,32892,2729],{"class":346},[49,32894,8731],{"class":350},[49,32896,2734],{"class":346},[49,32898,3319],{"class":63},[49,32900,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,32902,16460],{"class":94},[49,32904,2418],{"class":63},[49,32906,2734],{"class":346},[49,32908,12299],{"class":350},[49,32910,2734],{"class":346},[49,32912,71],{"class":63},[49,32914,226],{"class":67},[49,32916,3319],{"class":63},[49,32918,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,32920,21330],{"class":94},[49,32922,9090],{"class":63},[49,32924,2734],{"class":346},[49,32926,7103],{"class":350},[49,32928,2734],{"class":346},[49,32930,71],{"class":63},[49,32932,226],{"class":67},[49,32934,10111],{"class":63},[20,32936,18117],{},[137,32938,32939,32946,32953],{},[140,32940,32941,32945],{},[308,32942,32943],{"href":16485},[15,32944,16488],{}," when you need just the keys",[140,32947,32948,32952],{},[308,32949,32950],{"href":16491},[15,32951,16494],{}," when you need just the values",[140,32954,32955,32959],{},[308,32956,32957],{"href":16498},[15,32958,16501],{}," when you need both",[35,32961,863],{"id":862},[20,32963,32964,32965,91],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32966,16494],{},[528,32968,29073,32970,32972],{"id":32969},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32971,16494],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32974,32975,32977],{},[15,32976,16494],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32979,16066],{},[40,32981,32983],{"className":42,"code":32982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32984,32985,33005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32986,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32988,521],{"class":55},[49,32990,60],{"class":59},[49,32992,64],{"class":63},[49,32994,68],{"class":67},[49,32996,71],{"class":63},[49,32998,74],{"class":67},[49,33000,71],{"class":63},[49,33002,79],{"class":67},[49,33004,82],{"class":63},[49,33006,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33008,105],{"class":104},[49,33010,108],{"class":63},[49,33012,177],{"class":94},[49,33014,91],{"class":63},[49,33016,4790],{"class":94},[49,33018,6628],{"class":63},[20,33020,33021,33022,1141],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33023,16494],{},[20,33025,33026],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[40,33028,33030],{"className":42,"code":33029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33031,33032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33035,105],{"class":104},[49,33037,108],{"class":63},[49,33039,1175],{"class":1174},[49,33041,108],{"class":63},[49,33043,177],{"class":94},[49,33045,1182],{"class":63},[20,33047,33048,33049,33051,33052,91],{},"If you get an ",[15,33050,25094],{},", see ",[308,33053,25102,33054,1350],{"href":25101},[15,33055,25105],{},[528,33057,4010,33059,33061],{"id":33058},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33060,16494],{}," returns a list",[20,33063,33064],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[40,33066,33068],{"className":42,"code":33067,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33069,33070,33106,33120,33124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33073,12282],{"class":55},[49,33075,60],{"class":59},[49,33077,9923],{"class":63},[49,33079,347],{"class":346},[49,33081,7103],{"class":350},[49,33083,347],{"class":346},[49,33085,135],{"class":63},[49,33087,357],{"class":346},[49,33089,12299],{"class":350},[49,33091,347],{"class":346},[49,33093,71],{"class":63},[49,33095,357],{"class":346},[49,33097,8731],{"class":350},[49,33099,347],{"class":346},[49,33101,135],{"class":63},[49,33103,226],{"class":67},[49,33105,8741],{"class":63},[49,33107,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33109,3252],{"class":55},[49,33111,60],{"class":59},[49,33113,12325],{"class":55},[49,33115,91],{"class":63},[49,33117,4790],{"class":94},[49,33119,98],{"class":63},[49,33121,33122],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33123,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,33125,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,33127,105],{"class":104},[49,33129,108],{"class":63},[49,33131,1175],{"class":1174},[49,33133,108],{"class":63},[49,33135,4790],{"class":94},[49,33137,1182],{"class":63},[20,33139,275],{},[40,33141,33143],{"className":42,"code":33142,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33144,33145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33146,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33148,2723],{"class":59},[49,33150,2726],{"class":1497},[49,33152,2729],{"class":346},[49,33154,16460],{"class":350},[49,33156,2734],{"class":346},[49,33158,2737],{"class":59},[20,33160,4579,33161,33163],{},[15,33162,16460],{},", not a list.",[20,33165,33166],{},"If you need a list:",[40,33168,33170],{"className":42,"code":33169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33171,33172],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33173,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33175,3252],{"class":55},[49,33177,60],{"class":59},[49,33179,21982],{"class":1174},[49,33181,108],{"class":63},[49,33183,13046],{"class":94},[49,33185,91],{"class":63},[49,33187,4790],{"class":94},[49,33189,6628],{"class":63},[528,33191,33193,33194],{"id":33192},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33195,16460],{},[20,33197,33198],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[40,33200,33202],{"className":42,"code":33201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33203,33204,33240,33254,33258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33205,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33207,12282],{"class":55},[49,33209,60],{"class":59},[49,33211,9923],{"class":63},[49,33213,347],{"class":346},[49,33215,7103],{"class":350},[49,33217,347],{"class":346},[49,33219,135],{"class":63},[49,33221,357],{"class":346},[49,33223,12299],{"class":350},[49,33225,347],{"class":346},[49,33227,71],{"class":63},[49,33229,357],{"class":346},[49,33231,8731],{"class":350},[49,33233,347],{"class":346},[49,33235,135],{"class":63},[49,33237,226],{"class":67},[49,33239,8741],{"class":63},[49,33241,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33243,3252],{"class":55},[49,33245,60],{"class":59},[49,33247,12325],{"class":55},[49,33249,91],{"class":63},[49,33251,4790],{"class":94},[49,33253,98],{"class":63},[49,33255,33256],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33257,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,33259,33260],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,33261,33262],{"class":116},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33264,33265],{},"Convert to a list first:",[40,33267,33269],{"className":42,"code":33268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33270,33271,33307,33325,33329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33272,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33274,12282],{"class":55},[49,33276,60],{"class":59},[49,33278,9923],{"class":63},[49,33280,347],{"class":346},[49,33282,7103],{"class":350},[49,33284,347],{"class":346},[49,33286,135],{"class":63},[49,33288,357],{"class":346},[49,33290,12299],{"class":350},[49,33292,347],{"class":346},[49,33294,71],{"class":63},[49,33296,357],{"class":346},[49,33298,8731],{"class":350},[49,33300,347],{"class":346},[49,33302,135],{"class":63},[49,33304,226],{"class":67},[49,33306,8741],{"class":63},[49,33308,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33310,3252],{"class":55},[49,33312,60],{"class":59},[49,33314,21982],{"class":1174},[49,33316,108],{"class":63},[49,33318,13046],{"class":94},[49,33320,91],{"class":63},[49,33322,4790],{"class":94},[49,33324,6628],{"class":63},[49,33326,33327],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33328,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,33330,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,33332,105],{"class":104},[49,33334,108],{"class":63},[49,33336,4790],{"class":94},[49,33338,938],{"class":63},[49,33340,1552],{"class":67},[49,33342,3319],{"class":63},[528,33344,1092,33346,871,33348],{"id":33345},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33347,4790],{},[15,33349,16494],{},[20,33351,33352],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[40,33354,33356],{"className":42,"code":33355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33357,33358,33394,33398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33359,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33361,12282],{"class":55},[49,33363,60],{"class":59},[49,33365,9923],{"class":63},[49,33367,347],{"class":346},[49,33369,7103],{"class":350},[49,33371,347],{"class":346},[49,33373,135],{"class":63},[49,33375,357],{"class":346},[49,33377,12299],{"class":350},[49,33379,347],{"class":346},[49,33381,71],{"class":63},[49,33383,357],{"class":346},[49,33385,8731],{"class":350},[49,33387,347],{"class":346},[49,33389,135],{"class":63},[49,33391,226],{"class":67},[49,33393,8741],{"class":63},[49,33395,33396],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33397,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,33399,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33401,105],{"class":104},[49,33403,108],{"class":63},[49,33405,13046],{"class":94},[49,33407,91],{"class":63},[49,33409,4790],{"class":915},[49,33411,272],{"class":63},[20,33413,33414,33417],{},[15,33415,33416],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33419,18117],{},[40,33421,33423],{"className":42,"code":33422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33424,33425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33426,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33428,105],{"class":104},[49,33430,108],{"class":63},[49,33432,13046],{"class":94},[49,33434,91],{"class":63},[49,33436,4790],{"class":94},[49,33438,6628],{"class":63},[528,33440,33442],{"id":33441},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33444,33445],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[40,33447,33449],{"className":42,"code":33448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33450,33451,33483],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33452,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33454,8597],{"class":55},[49,33456,60],{"class":59},[49,33458,9923],{"class":63},[49,33460,347],{"class":346},[49,33462,308],{"class":350},[49,33464,347],{"class":346},[49,33466,135],{"class":63},[49,33468,4930],{"class":67},[49,33470,71],{"class":63},[49,33472,357],{"class":346},[49,33474,360],{"class":350},[49,33476,347],{"class":346},[49,33478,135],{"class":63},[49,33480,74],{"class":67},[49,33482,8741],{"class":63},[49,33484,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33486,105],{"class":104},[49,33488,108],{"class":63},[49,33490,8636],{"class":94},[49,33492,91],{"class":63},[49,33494,4790],{"class":94},[49,33496,6628],{"class":63},[20,33498,33499],{},"Not like this:",[40,33501,33503],{"className":42,"code":33502,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33504,33505,33510,33515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33506,33507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33508,33509],{"class":116},"# Wrong examples:\n",[49,33511,33512],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33513,33514],{"class":116},"# data().values()\n",[49,33516,33517],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33518,33519],{"class":116},"# values(data)\n",[20,33521,2774],{},[40,33523,33525],{"className":42,"code":33524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33526,33527,33541,33551,33565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33530,105],{"class":104},[49,33532,108],{"class":63},[49,33534,1175],{"class":1174},[49,33536,108],{"class":63},[49,33538,10877],{"class":94},[49,33540,1182],{"class":63},[49,33542,33543,33545,33547,33549],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33544,105],{"class":104},[49,33546,108],{"class":63},[49,33548,10877],{"class":94},[49,33550,272],{"class":63},[49,33552,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33554,105],{"class":104},[49,33556,108],{"class":63},[49,33558,10877],{"class":94},[49,33560,91],{"class":63},[49,33562,4790],{"class":94},[49,33564,6628],{"class":63},[49,33566,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,33568,105],{"class":104},[49,33570,108],{"class":63},[49,33572,7526],{"class":1174},[49,33574,108],{"class":63},[49,33576,10877],{"class":94},[49,33578,91],{"class":63},[49,33580,4790],{"class":94},[49,33582,5723],{"class":63},[35,33584,1253],{"id":1252},[528,33586,4573,33588,4576],{"id":33587},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33589,31743],{},[20,33591,16843,33592,33594],{},[15,33593,16460],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[528,33596,1257,33598,23354],{"id":33597},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33599,16494],{},[20,33601,23357,33602,23361],{},[15,33603,33604],{},"list(...)",[528,33606,25479,33608,1284],{"id":33607},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33609,31743],{},[20,33611,33612,33613,25487],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33614,5391],{},[528,33616,1257,33618,33620],{"id":33617},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33619,31743],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33622,33623],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[528,33625,33627,33628,33630,33631,1284],{"id":33626},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33629,16494],{}," different from ",[15,33632,16501],{},[20,33634,33635,33637,33638,33640],{},[15,33636,16494],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33639,16501],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[35,33642,1309],{"id":1308},[137,33644,33645,33651,33657,33661,33667,33671],{},[140,33646,33647],{},[308,33648,10169,33649,736],{"href":16485},[15,33650,16488],{},[140,33652,33653],{},[308,33654,10169,33655,736],{"href":16498},[15,33656,16501],{},[140,33658,33659],{},[308,33660,10673],{"href":8823},[140,33662,33663],{},[308,33664,33666],{"href":33665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[140,33668,33669],{},[308,33670,23439],{"href":32592},[140,33672,33673],{},[308,33674,1346,33675],{"href":25101},[15,33676,33677],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1352,33679,33680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":33682},[33683,33684,33686,33687,33689,33690,33691,33692,33694,33705,33717],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":31913,"depth":85,"text":33685},"What values() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":31983,"depth":85,"text":33688},"What values() returns",{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":32462,"depth":85,"text":32463},{"id":32595,"depth":85,"text":32596},{"id":32754,"depth":85,"text":33693},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":33695},[33696,33698,33700,33702,33704],{"id":32969,"depth":101,"text":33697},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33058,"depth":101,"text":33699},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33192,"depth":101,"text":33701},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33345,"depth":101,"text":33703},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33441,"depth":101,"text":33442},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":33706},[33707,33709,33711,33713,33715],{"id":33587,"depth":101,"text":33708},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33597,"depth":101,"text":33710},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33607,"depth":101,"text":33712},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33617,"depth":101,"text":33714},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33626,"depth":101,"text":33716},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31730,"description":33718},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33724,"title":33725,"body":33726,"description":35155,"extension":1392,"meta":35156,"navigation":243,"path":35157,"seo":35158,"stem":35159,"__hash__":35160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33727,"toc":35107},[33728,33734,33739,33742,33758,33767,33769,33801,33807,33810,33905,33908,33913,33918,33921,33932,33934,33948,33954,33956,33961,33967,33970,34009,34017,34022,34025,34070,34073,34085,34091,34097,34101,34132,34135,34153,34156,34160,34199,34201,34221,34224,34236,34241,34247,34250,34305,34308,34319,34322,34333,34336,34340,34346,34348,34378,34381,34396,34399,34402,34421,34424,34440,34449,34451,34482,34488,34493,34496,34503,34534,34537,34559,34562,34565,34579,34583,34614,34629,34636,34643,34647,34655,34659,34667,34670,34719,34730,34732,34735,34741,34746,34756,34760,34763,34766,34770,34773,34775,34796,34800,34806,34817,34823,34825,34831,34855,34858,34921,34924,34952,34955,35017,35019,35024,35027,35034,35042,35049,35052,35060,35066,35068,35095,35104],[10,33729,3010,33731,3014],{"id":33730},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33732,33733],{},"dir()",[20,33735,31740,33736,33738],{},[15,33737,33733],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33740,33741],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[137,33743,33744,33747,33750,33755],{},[140,33745,33746],{},"learning Python",[140,33748,33749],{},"exploring a new object",[140,33751,33752,33753],{},"debugging an ",[15,33754,25094],{},[140,33756,33757],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33759,33760,33761,33763,33764],{},"In short, ",[15,33762,33733],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33765,33766],{},"“What can I use here?”",[35,33768,1434],{"id":1433},[40,33770,33772],{"className":42,"code":33771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33773,33774,33786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33775,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33777,7308],{"class":55},[49,33779,60],{"class":59},[49,33781,357],{"class":346},[49,33783,1121],{"class":350},[49,33785,1124],{"class":346},[49,33787,33788,33790,33792,33795,33797,33799],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33789,105],{"class":104},[49,33791,108],{"class":63},[49,33793,33794],{"class":104},"dir",[49,33796,108],{"class":63},[49,33798,7103],{"class":94},[49,33800,1182],{"class":63},[20,33802,120,33803,33806],{},[15,33804,33805],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33808,33809],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[40,33811,33813],{"className":42,"code":33812,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33814,33815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33816,33817,33819,33821,33824,33826,33828,33830,33833,33835,33837,33839,33842,33844,33846,33848,33851,33853,33855,33857,33860,33862,33864,33866,33869,33871,33873,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33892,33894,33896,33898,33901,33903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33818,938],{"class":63},[49,33820,2734],{"class":346},[49,33822,33823],{"class":350},"__add__",[49,33825,2734],{"class":346},[49,33827,71],{"class":63},[49,33829,2729],{"class":346},[49,33831,33832],{"class":350},"__class__",[49,33834,2734],{"class":346},[49,33836,71],{"class":63},[49,33838,2729],{"class":346},[49,33840,33841],{"class":350},"__contains__",[49,33843,2734],{"class":346},[49,33845,71],{"class":63},[49,33847,2729],{"class":346},[49,33849,33850],{"class":350},"__delattr__",[49,33852,2734],{"class":346},[49,33854,71],{"class":63},[49,33856,2729],{"class":346},[49,33858,33859],{"class":350},"__dir__",[49,33861,2734],{"class":346},[49,33863,71],{"class":63},[49,33865,2729],{"class":346},[49,33867,33868],{"class":350},"__doc__",[49,33870,2734],{"class":346},[49,33872,71],{"class":63},[49,33874,33876],{"class":33875},"s_hVV"," ...",[49,33878,71],{"class":63},[49,33880,2729],{"class":346},[49,33882,8071],{"class":350},[49,33884,2734],{"class":346},[49,33886,71],{"class":63},[49,33888,2729],{"class":346},[49,33890,33891],{"class":350},"split",[49,33893,2734],{"class":346},[49,33895,71],{"class":63},[49,33897,2729],{"class":346},[49,33899,33900],{"class":350},"upper",[49,33902,2734],{"class":346},[49,33904,82],{"class":63},[20,33906,33907],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[35,33909,127,33911,130],{"id":33910},"what-dir-does",[15,33912,33733],{},[20,33914,33915,33917],{},[15,33916,33733],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33919,33920],{},"It usually includes:",[137,33922,33923,33926,33929],{},[140,33924,33925],{},"attributes",[140,33927,33928],{},"methods",[140,33930,33931],{},"special Python names",[20,33933,186],{},[137,33935,33936,33942,33945],{},[140,33937,33938,33939],{},"The result is a ",[30,33940,33941],{},"list of strings",[140,33943,33944],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[140,33946,33947],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33949,33950,33951,33953],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33952,33733],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[35,33955,164],{"id":163},[20,33957,33958,33960],{},[15,33959,33733],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[528,33962,33964,33966],{"id":33963},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33965,33733],{}," with no argument",[20,33968,33969],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[40,33971,33973],{"className":42,"code":33972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33974,33975,33983,33995,33999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33976,33977,33979,33981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33978,2457],{"class":55},[49,33980,60],{"class":59},[49,33982,2017],{"class":67},[49,33984,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,33986,7308],{"class":55},[49,33988,60],{"class":59},[49,33990,357],{"class":346},[49,33992,7112],{"class":350},[49,33994,1124],{"class":346},[49,33996,33997],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,33998,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34000,34001,34003,34005,34007],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,34002,105],{"class":104},[49,34004,108],{"class":63},[49,34006,33794],{"class":104},[49,34008,6628],{"class":63},[20,34010,34011,34012,618,34014,34016],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34013,1606],{},[15,34015,7103],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[528,34018,34020],{"id":34019},"dirobject",[15,34021,33805],{},[20,34023,34024],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[40,34026,34028],{"className":42,"code":34027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34029,34030,34048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34031,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34033,105],{"class":104},[49,34035,108],{"class":63},[49,34037,33794],{"class":104},[49,34039,108],{"class":63},[49,34041,347],{"class":346},[49,34043,1121],{"class":350},[49,34045,347],{"class":346},[49,34047,1182],{"class":63},[49,34049,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34051,105],{"class":104},[49,34053,108],{"class":63},[49,34055,33794],{"class":104},[49,34057,2418],{"class":63},[49,34059,68],{"class":67},[49,34061,71],{"class":63},[49,34063,74],{"class":67},[49,34065,71],{"class":63},[49,34067,79],{"class":67},[49,34069,2431],{"class":63},[20,34071,34072],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[137,34074,34075,34077,34079,34082],{},[140,34076,4740],{},[140,34078,4731],{},[140,34080,34081],{},"modules",[140,34083,34084],{},"custom objects",[35,34086,1092,34088,34090],{"id":34087},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34089,33733],{}," with a value",[20,34092,34093,34094,34096],{},"A common use of ",[15,34095,33733],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[528,34098,34100],{"id":34099},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[40,34102,34104],{"className":42,"code":34103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34105,34106,34118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34107,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34109,1114],{"class":55},[49,34111,60],{"class":59},[49,34113,357],{"class":346},[49,34115,1121],{"class":350},[49,34117,1124],{"class":346},[49,34119,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34121,105],{"class":104},[49,34123,108],{"class":63},[49,34125,33794],{"class":104},[49,34127,108],{"class":63},[49,34129,1129],{"class":94},[49,34131,1182],{"class":63},[20,34133,34134],{},"You will see method names like:",[137,34136,34137,34141,34145,34149],{},[140,34138,34139],{},[15,34140,8071],{},[140,34142,34143],{},[15,34144,33900],{},[140,34146,34147],{},[15,34148,33891],{},[140,34150,34151],{},[15,34152,8065],{},[20,34154,34155],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[528,34157,34159],{"id":34158},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[40,34161,34163],{"className":42,"code":34162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34164,34165,34185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34166,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34168,214],{"class":55},[49,34170,60],{"class":59},[49,34172,64],{"class":63},[49,34174,68],{"class":67},[49,34176,71],{"class":63},[49,34178,74],{"class":67},[49,34180,71],{"class":63},[49,34182,79],{"class":67},[49,34184,82],{"class":63},[49,34186,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34188,105],{"class":104},[49,34190,108],{"class":63},[49,34192,33794],{"class":104},[49,34194,108],{"class":63},[49,34196,249],{"class":94},[49,34198,1182],{"class":63},[20,34200,34134],{},[137,34202,34203,34207,34211,34216],{},[140,34204,34205],{},[15,34206,12973],{},[140,34208,34209],{},[15,34210,25664],{},[140,34212,34213],{},[15,34214,34215],{},"remove",[140,34217,34218],{},[15,34219,34220],{},"sort",[20,34222,34223],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34225,34226,34227,34232,34233,34235],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[308,34228,34230],{"href":34229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34231,1734],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34234,33733],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[35,34237,1092,34239,33966],{"id":34238},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34240,33733],{},[20,34242,34243,34244,34246],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34245,33733],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34248,34249],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[40,34251,34253],{"className":42,"code":34252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34254,34255,34264,34268,34279,34291,34295],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34256,34257,34259,34261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34258,2457],{"class":55},[49,34260,60],{"class":59},[49,34262,34263],{"class":67}," 5\n",[49,34265,34266],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34267,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34269,34270,34273,34277],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34271,34272],{"class":1497},"def",[49,34274,34276],{"class":34275},"sGLFI"," greet",[49,34278,21017],{"class":63},[49,34280,34281,34284,34286,34289],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,34282,34283],{"class":3306},"    return",[49,34285,357],{"class":346},[49,34287,34288],{"class":350},"Hello",[49,34290,1124],{"class":346},[49,34292,34293],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,34294,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34296,34297,34299,34301,34303],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,34298,105],{"class":104},[49,34300,108],{"class":63},[49,34302,33794],{"class":104},[49,34304,6628],{"class":63},[20,34306,34307],{},"The output will include names like:",[137,34309,34310,34314],{},[140,34311,34312],{},[15,34313,1606],{},[140,34315,34316],{},[15,34317,34318],{},"greet",[20,34320,34321],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[137,34323,34324,34327,34330],{},[140,34325,34326],{},"what variables exist",[140,34328,34329],{},"what functions you have defined",[140,34331,34332],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34334,34335],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[35,34337,34339],{"id":34338},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34341,34342,34343,34345],{},"When you first use ",[15,34344,33733],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34347,761],{},[40,34349,34350],{"className":42,"code":34103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,34351,34352,34364],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34353,34354,34356,34358,34360,34362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34355,1114],{"class":55},[49,34357,60],{"class":59},[49,34359,357],{"class":346},[49,34361,1121],{"class":350},[49,34363,1124],{"class":346},[49,34365,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34367,105],{"class":104},[49,34369,108],{"class":63},[49,34371,33794],{"class":104},[49,34373,108],{"class":63},[49,34375,1129],{"class":94},[49,34377,1182],{"class":63},[20,34379,34380],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[137,34382,34383,34387,34391],{},[140,34384,34385],{},[15,34386,33832],{},[140,34388,34389],{},[15,34390,33868],{},[140,34392,34393],{},[15,34394,34395],{},"__len__",[20,34397,34398],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34400,34401],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[137,34403,34404,34408,34412,34416],{},[140,34405,34406],{},[15,34407,33900],{},[140,34409,34410],{},[15,34411,8071],{},[140,34413,34414],{},[15,34415,33891],{},[140,34417,34418],{},[15,34419,34420],{},"replace",[20,34422,34423],{},"A key point to remember:",[137,34425,34426,34434],{},[140,34427,34428,34430,34431],{},[15,34429,33733],{}," lists ",[30,34432,34433],{},"names only",[140,34435,34436,34437,34439],{},"it does ",[30,34438,329],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34441,34442,34443,91],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[308,34444,34446],{"href":34445},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34447,34448],{},"help()",[20,34450,4904],{},[40,34452,34454],{"className":42,"code":34453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34455,34456,34468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34457,34458,34460,34462,34464,34466],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34459,7308],{"class":55},[49,34461,60],{"class":59},[49,34463,357],{"class":346},[49,34465,1121],{"class":350},[49,34467,1124],{"class":346},[49,34469,34470,34472,34474,34476,34478,34480],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34471,31575],{"class":104},[49,34473,108],{"class":63},[49,34475,7103],{"class":94},[49,34477,91],{"class":63},[49,34479,33900],{"class":915},[49,34481,272],{"class":63},[35,34483,34485,34487],{"id":34484},"dir-on-modules",[15,34486,33733],{}," on modules",[20,34489,15136,34490,34492],{},[15,34491,33733],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34494,34495],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[528,34497,34499,34500,34502],{"id":34498},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34501,17839],{}," module",[40,34504,34506],{"className":42,"code":34505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34507,34508,34516,34520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34509,34510,34513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34511,34512],{"class":3306},"import",[49,34514,34515],{"class":55}," math\n",[49,34517,34518],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34519,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34521,34522,34524,34526,34528,34530,34532],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34523,105],{"class":104},[49,34525,108],{"class":63},[49,34527,33794],{"class":104},[49,34529,108],{"class":63},[49,34531,17839],{"class":94},[49,34533,1182],{"class":63},[20,34535,34536],{},"You may see names like:",[137,34538,34539,34544,34549,34554],{},[140,34540,34541],{},[15,34542,34543],{},"sqrt",[140,34545,34546],{},[15,34547,34548],{},"ceil",[140,34550,34551],{},[15,34552,34553],{},"floor",[140,34555,34556],{},[15,34557,34558],{},"pi",[20,34560,34561],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34563,34564],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[137,34566,34567,34573],{},[140,34568,34569],{},[308,34570,34572],{"href":34571},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[140,34574,34575],{},[308,34576,34578],{"href":34577},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[528,34580,34582],{"id":34581},"another-example","Another example",[40,34584,34586],{"className":42,"code":34585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34587,34588,34595,34599],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34589,34590,34592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34591,34512],{"class":3306},[49,34593,34594],{"class":55}," json\n",[49,34596,34597],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34598,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34600,34601,34603,34605,34607,34609,34612],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34602,105],{"class":104},[49,34604,108],{"class":63},[49,34606,33794],{"class":104},[49,34608,108],{"class":63},[49,34610,34611],{"class":94},"json",[49,34613,1182],{"class":63},[20,34615,34616,34617,1622,34620,1622,34623,16495,34626,91],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34618,34619],{},"dump",[15,34621,34622],{},"dumps",[15,34624,34625],{},"load",[15,34627,34628],{},"loads",[35,34630,34632,10018,34634],{"id":34631},"dir-vs-help",[15,34633,33733],{},[15,34635,34448],{},[20,34637,34638,618,34640,34642],{},[15,34639,33733],{},[15,34641,34448],{}," are often used together.",[528,34644,34645],{"id":33794},[15,34646,33733],{},[137,34648,34649,34652],{},[140,34650,34651],{},"shows available names",[140,34653,34654],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[528,34656,34657],{"id":31575},[15,34658,34448],{},[137,34660,34661,34664],{},[140,34662,34663],{},"explains what an object or function does",[140,34665,34666],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34668,34669],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[40,34671,34673],{"className":42,"code":34672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34674,34675,34687,34691,34705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34676,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34678,7308],{"class":55},[49,34680,60],{"class":59},[49,34682,357],{"class":346},[49,34684,1121],{"class":350},[49,34686,1124],{"class":346},[49,34688,34689],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34690,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34692,34693,34695,34697,34699,34701,34703],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34694,105],{"class":104},[49,34696,108],{"class":63},[49,34698,33794],{"class":104},[49,34700,108],{"class":63},[49,34702,7103],{"class":94},[49,34704,1182],{"class":63},[49,34706,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715,34717],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,34708,31575],{"class":104},[49,34710,108],{"class":63},[49,34712,7103],{"class":94},[49,34714,91],{"class":63},[49,34716,33900],{"class":915},[49,34718,272],{"class":63},[20,34720,120,34721,34723,34724,34726,34727,34729],{},[15,34722,33733],{}," first to find a method name.",[9278,34725],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34728,34448],{}," to understand how to use it.",[35,34731,24780],{"id":24779},[20,34733,34734],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[528,34736,34738,34740],{"id":34737},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34739,33733],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34742,34743,34745],{},[15,34744,33733],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34747,34748,34749,34751,34752,34755],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34750,33900],{}," in ",[15,34753,34754],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[528,34757,34759],{"id":34758},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34761,34762],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34764,34765],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[528,34767,34769],{"id":34768},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34771,34772],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34774,4904],{},[137,34776,34777,34782,34788],{},[140,34778,34779,34781],{},[15,34780,34754],{}," shows string-related names",[140,34783,34784,34787],{},[15,34785,34786],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[140,34789,34790,34793,34794,34502],{},[15,34791,34792],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34795,17839],{},[528,34797,34799],{"id":34798},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34801,34802,34803,34805],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34804,33733],{}," does not mean you already know:",[137,34807,34808,34811,34814],{},[140,34809,34810],{},"what it does",[140,34812,34813],{},"what arguments it needs",[140,34815,34816],{},"what it returns",[20,34818,34819,34820,34822],{},"That is why ",[15,34821,34448],{}," is the natural next step.",[35,34824,2261],{"id":2260},[20,34826,34827,34828,34830],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34829,33733],{}," in these situations:",[137,34832,34833,34836,34845,34848],{},[140,34834,34835],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[140,34837,34838,34839,34844],{},"Seeing an ",[308,34840,34842],{"href":34841},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34843,25094],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[140,34846,34847],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[140,34849,1092,34850,34852,34853],{},[15,34851,33733],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34854,34448],{},[20,34856,34857],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[40,34859,34861],{"className":42,"code":34860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34862,34863,34875,34879,34893,34907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34864,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34866,7308],{"class":55},[49,34868,60],{"class":59},[49,34870,357],{"class":346},[49,34872,1121],{"class":350},[49,34874,1124],{"class":346},[49,34876,34877],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34878,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34880,34881,34883,34885,34887,34889,34891],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34882,105],{"class":104},[49,34884,108],{"class":63},[49,34886,1175],{"class":1174},[49,34888,108],{"class":63},[49,34890,7103],{"class":94},[49,34892,1182],{"class":63},[49,34894,34895,34897,34899,34901,34903,34905],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,34896,105],{"class":104},[49,34898,108],{"class":63},[49,34900,33794],{"class":104},[49,34902,108],{"class":63},[49,34904,7103],{"class":94},[49,34906,1182],{"class":63},[49,34908,34909,34911,34913,34915,34917,34919],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,34910,31575],{"class":104},[49,34912,108],{"class":63},[49,34914,7103],{"class":94},[49,34916,91],{"class":63},[49,34918,33900],{"class":915},[49,34920,272],{"class":63},[20,34922,34923],{},"And for modules:",[40,34925,34926],{"className":42,"code":34505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,34927,34928,34934,34938],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34929,34930,34932],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34931,34512],{"class":3306},[49,34933,34515],{"class":55},[49,34935,34936],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34937,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,34939,34940,34942,34944,34946,34948,34950],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34941,105],{"class":104},[49,34943,108],{"class":63},[49,34945,33794],{"class":104},[49,34947,108],{"class":63},[49,34949,17839],{"class":94},[49,34951,1182],{"class":63},[20,34953,34954],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[40,34956,34958],{"className":42,"code":34957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34959,34960,34965,34977,34987,35001,35007],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34961,34962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34963,34964],{"class":55},"python\n",[49,34966,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,34968,7308],{"class":55},[49,34970,60],{"class":59},[49,34972,357],{"class":346},[49,34974,1121],{"class":350},[49,34976,1124],{"class":346},[49,34978,34979,34981,34983,34985],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,34980,33794],{"class":104},[49,34982,108],{"class":63},[49,34984,7103],{"class":94},[49,34986,272],{"class":63},[49,34988,34989,34991,34993,34995,34997,34999],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,34990,31575],{"class":104},[49,34992,108],{"class":63},[49,34994,7103],{"class":94},[49,34996,91],{"class":63},[49,34998,33900],{"class":915},[49,35000,272],{"class":63},[49,35002,35003,35005],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,35004,34512],{"class":3306},[49,35006,34515],{"class":55},[49,35008,35009,35011,35013,35015],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,35010,33794],{"class":104},[49,35012,108],{"class":63},[49,35014,17839],{"class":94},[49,35016,272],{"class":63},[35,35018,1253],{"id":1252},[528,35020,4573,35022,4576],{"id":35021},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35023,33733],{},[20,35025,35026],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[528,35028,1279,35030,618,35032,1284],{"id":35029},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35031,33733],{},[15,35033,34448],{},[20,35035,35036,35038,35039,35041],{},[15,35037,33733],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35040,34448],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[528,35043,35045,35046,35048],{"id":35044},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35047,33733],{}," output?",[20,35050,35051],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[528,35053,4601,35055,35057,35058,1284],{"id":35054},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35056,33733],{}," help fix ",[15,35059,25094],{},[20,35061,35062,35063,91],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[308,35064,35065],{"href":34841},"object has no attribute",[35,35067,1309],{"id":1308},[137,35069,35070,35076,35081,35085,35089],{},[140,35071,35072],{},[308,35073,3010,35074,2943],{"href":34445},[15,35075,34448],{},[140,35077,35078],{},[308,35079,35080],{"href":34841},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[140,35082,35083],{},[308,35084,34572],{"href":34571},[140,35086,35087],{},[308,35088,34578],{"href":34577},[140,35090,35091],{},[308,35092,3010,35093,2943],{"href":34229},[15,35094,1734],{},[20,35096,35097,35098,35100,35101,35103],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35099,33733],{}," together with ",[15,35102,34448],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1352,35105,35106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":35108},[35109,35110,35112,35117,35122,35124,35125,35131,35136,35143,35144,35154],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":33910,"depth":85,"text":35111},"What dir() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":35113},[35114,35116],{"id":33963,"depth":101,"text":35115},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34019,"depth":101,"text":33805},{"id":34087,"depth":85,"text":35118,"children":35119},"Using dir() with a value",[35120,35121],{"id":34099,"depth":101,"text":34100},{"id":34158,"depth":101,"text":34159},{"id":34238,"depth":85,"text":35123},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34338,"depth":85,"text":34339},{"id":34484,"depth":85,"text":35126,"children":35127},"dir() on modules",[35128,35130],{"id":34498,"depth":101,"text":35129},"Example: math module",{"id":34581,"depth":101,"text":34582},{"id":34631,"depth":85,"text":35132,"children":35133},"dir() vs help()",[35134,35135],{"id":33794,"depth":101,"text":33733},{"id":31575,"depth":101,"text":34448},{"id":24779,"depth":85,"text":24780,"children":35137},[35138,35140,35141,35142],{"id":34737,"depth":101,"text":35139},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34758,"depth":101,"text":34759},{"id":34768,"depth":101,"text":34769},{"id":34798,"depth":101,"text":34799},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":35145},[35146,35148,35150,35152],{"id":35021,"depth":101,"text":35147},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35029,"depth":101,"text":35149},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35044,"depth":101,"text":35151},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35054,"depth":101,"text":35153},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33725,"description":35155},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35162,"title":35163,"body":35164,"description":36983,"extension":1392,"meta":36984,"navigation":243,"path":36985,"seo":36986,"stem":36987,"__hash__":36988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35165,"toc":36952},[35166,35172,35177,35180,35188,35194,35196,35276,35278,35304,35309,35314,35319,35322,35333,35336,35338,35417,35419,35445,35452,35454,35456,35481,35484,35497,35502,35504,35585,35587,35612,35621,35626,35634,35640,35647,35650,35652,35731,35734,35791,35793,35830,35836,35841,35846,35849,35863,35865,35968,35970,36013,36022,36032,36039,36045,36052,36135,36137,36160,36163,36166,36168,36172,36176,36179,36242,36265,36268,36272,36278,36280,36347,36350,36427,36432,36438,36441,36444,36490,36492,36516,36521,36525,36530,36536,36599,36602,36604,36607,36632,36635,36770,36772,36873,36875,36880,36883,36889,36899,36907,36912,36918,36924,36926,36949],[10,35167,3010,35169,3014],{"id":35168},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35170,35171],{},"enumerate()",[20,35173,35174,35176],{},[15,35175,35171],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35178,35179],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[137,35181,35182,35185],{},[140,35183,35184],{},"the item itself",[140,35186,35187],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35189,35190,35191,35193],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35192,35171],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[35,35195,1434],{"id":1433},[40,35197,35199],{"className":42,"code":35198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35200,35201,35233,35237,35260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35202,35203,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217,35219,35221,35223,35225,35227,35229,35231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35204,12495],{"class":55},[49,35206,60],{"class":59},[49,35208,64],{"class":63},[49,35210,347],{"class":346},[49,35212,12512],{"class":350},[49,35214,347],{"class":346},[49,35216,71],{"class":63},[49,35218,357],{"class":346},[49,35220,16877],{"class":350},[49,35222,347],{"class":346},[49,35224,71],{"class":63},[49,35226,357],{"class":346},[49,35228,12529],{"class":350},[49,35230,347],{"class":346},[49,35232,82],{"class":63},[49,35234,35235],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35236,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35238,35239,35241,35244,35246,35249,35251,35254,35256,35258],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35240,5391],{"class":3306},[49,35242,35243],{"class":55}," index",[49,35245,71],{"class":63},[49,35247,35248],{"class":55}," color ",[49,35250,3313],{"class":3306},[49,35252,35253],{"class":104}," enumerate",[49,35255,108],{"class":63},[49,35257,16924],{"class":94},[49,35259,7773],{"class":63},[49,35261,35262,35264,35266,35269,35271,35274],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35263,7501],{"class":104},[49,35265,108],{"class":63},[49,35267,35268],{"class":94},"index",[49,35270,71],{"class":63},[49,35272,35273],{"class":94}," color",[49,35275,272],{"class":63},[20,35277,275],{},[40,35279,35281],{"className":42,"code":35280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35282,35283,35290,35297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35284,35285,35287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35286,1552],{"class":67},[49,35288,35289],{"class":55}," red\n",[49,35291,35292,35294],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35293,68],{"class":67},[49,35295,35296],{"class":55}," green\n",[49,35298,35299,35301],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35300,1488],{"class":67},[49,35302,35303],{"class":55}," blue\n",[20,35305,120,35306,35308],{},[15,35307,35171],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[35,35310,127,35312,130],{"id":35311},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35313,35171],{},[20,35315,35316,35318],{},[15,35317,35171],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35320,35321],{},"It is commonly used with:",[137,35323,35324,35326,35328,35330],{},[140,35325,4731],{},[140,35327,4734],{},[140,35329,4740],{},[140,35331,35332],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35334,35335],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35337,761],{},[40,35339,35341],{"className":42,"code":35340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35342,35343,35377,35381,35402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35344,35345,35347,35349,35351,35353,35355,35357,35359,35361,35364,35366,35368,35370,35373,35375],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35346,4425],{"class":55},[49,35348,60],{"class":59},[49,35350,64],{"class":63},[49,35352,347],{"class":346},[49,35354,12299],{"class":350},[49,35356,347],{"class":346},[49,35358,71],{"class":63},[49,35360,357],{"class":346},[49,35362,35363],{"class":350},"Ben",[49,35365,347],{"class":346},[49,35367,71],{"class":63},[49,35369,357],{"class":346},[49,35371,35372],{"class":350},"Cara",[49,35374,347],{"class":346},[49,35376,82],{"class":63},[49,35378,35379],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35380,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35382,35383,35385,35387,35389,35392,35394,35396,35398,35400],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35384,5391],{"class":3306},[49,35386,35243],{"class":55},[49,35388,71],{"class":63},[49,35390,35391],{"class":55}," name ",[49,35393,3313],{"class":3306},[49,35395,35253],{"class":104},[49,35397,108],{"class":63},[49,35399,4469],{"class":94},[49,35401,7773],{"class":63},[49,35403,35404,35406,35408,35410,35412,35415],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35405,7501],{"class":104},[49,35407,108],{"class":63},[49,35409,35268],{"class":94},[49,35411,71],{"class":63},[49,35413,35414],{"class":94}," name",[49,35416,272],{"class":63},[20,35418,275],{},[40,35420,35422],{"className":42,"code":35421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35423,35424,35431,35438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35425,35426,35428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35427,1552],{"class":67},[49,35429,35430],{"class":55}," Ana\n",[49,35432,35433,35435],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35434,68],{"class":67},[49,35436,35437],{"class":55}," Ben\n",[49,35439,35440,35442],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35441,1488],{"class":67},[49,35443,35444],{"class":55}," Cara\n",[20,35446,35447,35448,91],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[308,35449,35451],{"href":35450},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[35,35453,164],{"id":163},[20,35455,1592],{},[40,35457,35459],{"className":42,"code":35458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35460,35461],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35462,35463,35466,35468,35470,35472,35475,35477,35479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35464,35465],{"class":104},"enumerate",[49,35467,108],{"class":63},[49,35469,3151],{"class":94},[49,35471,71],{"class":63},[49,35473,35474],{"class":8607}," start",[49,35476,60],{"class":59},[49,35478,1552],{"class":67},[49,35480,272],{"class":63},[20,35482,35483],{},"It has two parts:",[137,35485,35486,35491],{},[140,35487,35488,35490],{},[15,35489,3151],{},": the object you want to loop through",[140,35492,35493,35496],{},[15,35494,35495],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35498,35499,35500,91],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35501,1552],{},[20,35503,761],{},[40,35505,35507],{"className":42,"code":35506,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35508,35509,35542,35546,35569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35510,35511,35514,35516,35518,35520,35522,35524,35526,35528,35530,35532,35534,35536,35538,35540],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35512,35513],{"class":55},"letters ",[49,35515,60],{"class":59},[49,35517,64],{"class":63},[49,35519,347],{"class":346},[49,35521,308],{"class":350},[49,35523,347],{"class":346},[49,35525,71],{"class":63},[49,35527,357],{"class":346},[49,35529,360],{"class":350},[49,35531,347],{"class":346},[49,35533,71],{"class":63},[49,35535,357],{"class":346},[49,35537,369],{"class":350},[49,35539,347],{"class":346},[49,35541,82],{"class":63},[49,35543,35544],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35545,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35547,35548,35550,35553,35555,35558,35560,35562,35564,35567],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35549,5391],{"class":3306},[49,35551,35552],{"class":55}," i",[49,35554,71],{"class":63},[49,35556,35557],{"class":55}," letter ",[49,35559,3313],{"class":3306},[49,35561,35253],{"class":104},[49,35563,108],{"class":63},[49,35565,35566],{"class":94},"letters",[49,35568,7773],{"class":63},[49,35570,35571,35573,35575,35578,35580,35583],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35572,7501],{"class":104},[49,35574,108],{"class":63},[49,35576,35577],{"class":94},"i",[49,35579,71],{"class":63},[49,35581,35582],{"class":94}," letter",[49,35584,272],{"class":63},[20,35586,275],{},[40,35588,35590],{"className":42,"code":35589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35591,35592,35598,35605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35593,35594,35596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35595,1552],{"class":67},[49,35597,569],{"class":55},[49,35599,35600,35602],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35601,68],{"class":67},[49,35603,35604],{"class":55}," b\n",[49,35606,35607,35609],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35608,1488],{"class":67},[49,35610,35611],{"class":55}," c\n",[20,35613,35614,35615,91],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[308,35616,3010,35618,2943],{"href":35617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35619,35620],{},"range()",[35,35622,127,35624,11129],{"id":35623},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35625,35171],{},[20,35627,35628,35630,35631,91],{},[15,35629,35171],{}," returns an ",[30,35632,35633],{},"enumerate object",[20,35635,35636,35637,35639],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35638,5391],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[137,35641,35642],{},[140,35643,35644],{},[15,35645,35646],{},"(index, item)",[20,35648,35649],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35651,761],{},[40,35653,35655],{"className":42,"code":35654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35656,35657,35690,35694,35716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35658,35659,35662,35664,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674,35676,35678,35680,35682,35684,35686,35688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35660,35661],{"class":55},"fruits ",[49,35663,60],{"class":59},[49,35665,64],{"class":63},[49,35667,347],{"class":346},[49,35669,3510],{"class":350},[49,35671,347],{"class":346},[49,35673,71],{"class":63},[49,35675,357],{"class":346},[49,35677,3519],{"class":350},[49,35679,347],{"class":346},[49,35681,71],{"class":63},[49,35683,357],{"class":346},[49,35685,32644],{"class":350},[49,35687,347],{"class":346},[49,35689,82],{"class":63},[49,35691,35692],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35693,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35695,35696,35698,35700,35702,35705,35707,35709,35711,35714],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35697,5391],{"class":3306},[49,35699,35243],{"class":55},[49,35701,71],{"class":63},[49,35703,35704],{"class":55}," fruit ",[49,35706,3313],{"class":3306},[49,35708,35253],{"class":104},[49,35710,108],{"class":63},[49,35712,35713],{"class":94},"fruits",[49,35715,7773],{"class":63},[49,35717,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726,35729],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35719,7501],{"class":104},[49,35721,108],{"class":63},[49,35723,35268],{"class":94},[49,35725,71],{"class":63},[49,35727,35728],{"class":94}," fruit",[49,35730,272],{"class":63},[20,35732,35733],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[40,35735,35737],{"className":42,"code":35736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35738,35739,35759,35763,35781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35740,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35742,214],{"class":55},[49,35744,60],{"class":59},[49,35746,64],{"class":63},[49,35748,221],{"class":67},[49,35750,71],{"class":63},[49,35752,226],{"class":67},[49,35754,71],{"class":63},[49,35756,231],{"class":67},[49,35758,82],{"class":63},[49,35760,35761],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35762,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35764,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773,35775,35777,35779],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35766,382],{"class":55},[49,35768,60],{"class":59},[49,35770,21982],{"class":1174},[49,35772,108],{"class":63},[49,35774,35465],{"class":104},[49,35776,108],{"class":63},[49,35778,249],{"class":94},[49,35780,1182],{"class":63},[49,35782,35783,35785,35787,35789],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35784,105],{"class":104},[49,35786,108],{"class":63},[49,35788,420],{"class":94},[49,35790,272],{"class":63},[20,35792,275],{},[40,35794,35796],{"className":42,"code":35795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35797,35798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35799,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808,35810,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35801,21162],{"class":63},[49,35803,1552],{"class":67},[49,35805,71],{"class":63},[49,35807,5437],{"class":67},[49,35809,8665],{"class":63},[49,35811,8668],{"class":63},[49,35813,68],{"class":67},[49,35815,71],{"class":63},[49,35817,226],{"class":67},[49,35819,8665],{"class":63},[49,35821,8668],{"class":63},[49,35823,1488],{"class":67},[49,35825,71],{"class":63},[49,35827,231],{"class":67},[49,35829,8681],{"class":63},[20,35831,35832,35833,35835],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35834,35171],{}," produces.",[35,35837,740,35839],{"id":35838},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35840,35171],{},[20,35842,120,35843,35845],{},[15,35844,35171],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35847,35848],{},"Common cases:",[137,35850,35851,35854,35857,35860],{},[140,35852,35853],{},"printing numbered output",[140,35855,35856],{},"building menus",[140,35858,35859],{},"showing positions in a list",[140,35861,35862],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35864,761],{},[40,35866,35868],{"className":42,"code":35867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35869,35870,35905,35909,35939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35871,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35883,35885,35887,35889,35892,35894,35896,35898,35901,35903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35873,29321],{"class":55},[49,35875,60],{"class":59},[49,35877,64],{"class":63},[49,35879,347],{"class":346},[49,35881,35882],{"class":350},"Wash dishes",[49,35884,347],{"class":346},[49,35886,71],{"class":63},[49,35888,357],{"class":346},[49,35890,35891],{"class":350},"Study Python",[49,35893,347],{"class":346},[49,35895,71],{"class":63},[49,35897,357],{"class":346},[49,35899,35900],{"class":350},"Go for a walk",[49,35902,347],{"class":346},[49,35904,82],{"class":63},[49,35906,35907],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35908,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,35910,35911,35913,35915,35917,35920,35922,35924,35926,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,35912,5391],{"class":3306},[49,35914,1630],{"class":55},[49,35916,71],{"class":63},[49,35918,35919],{"class":55}," task ",[49,35921,3313],{"class":3306},[49,35923,35253],{"class":104},[49,35925,108],{"class":63},[49,35927,35928],{"class":94},"tasks",[49,35930,71],{"class":63},[49,35932,35474],{"class":8607},[49,35934,60],{"class":59},[49,35936,68],{"class":67},[49,35938,7773],{"class":63},[49,35940,35941,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35962,35964,35966],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,35942,7501],{"class":104},[49,35944,108],{"class":63},[49,35946,21716],{"class":1497},[49,35948,347],{"class":350},[49,35950,8710],{"class":67},[49,35952,1672],{"class":94},[49,35954,21725],{"class":67},[49,35956,27737],{"class":350},[49,35958,8710],{"class":67},[49,35960,35961],{"class":94},"task",[49,35963,21725],{"class":67},[49,35965,347],{"class":350},[49,35967,272],{"class":63},[20,35969,275],{},[40,35971,35973],{"className":42,"code":35972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35974,35975,35987,35999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35976,35977,35979,35981,35984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35978,68],{"class":67},[49,35980,91],{"class":63},[49,35982,35983],{"class":915}," Wash",[49,35985,35986],{"class":55}," dishes\n",[49,35988,35989,35991,35993,35996],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,35990,1488],{"class":67},[49,35992,91],{"class":63},[49,35994,35995],{"class":915}," Study",[49,35997,35998],{"class":55}," Python\n",[49,36000,36001,36003,36005,36008,36010],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36002,1494],{"class":67},[49,36004,91],{"class":63},[49,36006,36007],{"class":915}," Go",[49,36009,3307],{"class":3306},[49,36011,36012],{"class":55}," a walk\n",[20,36014,36015,36016,36018,36019,91],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36017,35171],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36020,36021],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36023,36024,36025,91],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[308,36026,36028,36029,36031],{"href":36027},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36030,35171],{}," in Python",[35,36033,36035,36036,36038],{"id":36034},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36037,35495],{}," argument",[20,36040,36041,36042,36044],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36043,35495],{}," argument.",[20,36046,36047,36048,871,36050,135],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36049,68],{},[15,36051,1552],{},[40,36053,36055],{"className":42,"code":36054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36056,36057,36089,36093,36121],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36058,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36060,12495],{"class":55},[49,36062,60],{"class":59},[49,36064,64],{"class":63},[49,36066,347],{"class":346},[49,36068,12512],{"class":350},[49,36070,347],{"class":346},[49,36072,71],{"class":63},[49,36074,357],{"class":346},[49,36076,16877],{"class":350},[49,36078,347],{"class":346},[49,36080,71],{"class":63},[49,36082,357],{"class":346},[49,36084,12529],{"class":350},[49,36086,347],{"class":346},[49,36088,82],{"class":63},[49,36090,36091],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36092,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,36094,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36096,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36098,35243],{"class":55},[49,36100,71],{"class":63},[49,36102,35248],{"class":55},[49,36104,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36106,35253],{"class":104},[49,36108,108],{"class":63},[49,36110,16924],{"class":94},[49,36112,71],{"class":63},[49,36114,35474],{"class":8607},[49,36116,60],{"class":59},[49,36118,68],{"class":67},[49,36120,7773],{"class":63},[49,36122,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36124,7501],{"class":104},[49,36126,108],{"class":63},[49,36128,35268],{"class":94},[49,36130,71],{"class":63},[49,36132,35273],{"class":94},[49,36134,272],{"class":63},[20,36136,275],{},[40,36138,36140],{"className":42,"code":36139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36141,36142,36148,36154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36143,36144,36146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36145,68],{"class":67},[49,36147,35289],{"class":55},[49,36149,36150,36152],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36151,1488],{"class":67},[49,36153,35296],{"class":55},[49,36155,36156,36158],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36157,1494],{"class":67},[49,36159,35303],{"class":55},[20,36161,36162],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36164,36165],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[35,36167,24780],{"id":24779},[20,36169,24783,36170,91],{},[15,36171,35171],{},[528,36173,36175],{"id":36174},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36177,36178],{},"In this loop:",[40,36180,36182],{"className":42,"code":36181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36183,36184,36204,36208,36228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36185,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36187,214],{"class":55},[49,36189,60],{"class":59},[49,36191,64],{"class":63},[49,36193,221],{"class":67},[49,36195,71],{"class":63},[49,36197,226],{"class":67},[49,36199,71],{"class":63},[49,36201,231],{"class":67},[49,36203,82],{"class":63},[49,36205,36206],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36207,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,36209,36210,36212,36214,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36211,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36213,35243],{"class":55},[49,36215,71],{"class":63},[49,36217,21006],{"class":55},[49,36219,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36221,35253],{"class":104},[49,36223,108],{"class":63},[49,36225,249],{"class":94},[49,36227,7773],{"class":63},[49,36229,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36231,7501],{"class":104},[49,36233,108],{"class":63},[49,36235,35268],{"class":94},[49,36237,71],{"class":63},[49,36239,7864],{"class":94},[49,36241,272],{"class":63},[137,36243,36244,36254],{},[140,36245,36246,4214,36248,1622,36250,1622,36252],{},[15,36247,35268],{},[15,36249,1552],{},[15,36251,68],{},[15,36253,1488],{},[140,36255,36256,4214,36258,1622,36260,1622,36262],{},[15,36257,1904],{},[15,36259,221],{},[15,36261,15176],{},[15,36263,36264],{},"30",[20,36266,36267],{},"These are different things.",[528,36269,36271],{"id":36270},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36273,36274,36275,36277],{},"Each item from ",[15,36276,35171],{}," is a pair.",[20,36279,6121],{},[40,36281,36283],{"className":42,"code":36282,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36284,36285,36309,36313,36333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36286,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36288,56],{"class":55},[49,36290,60],{"class":59},[49,36292,64],{"class":63},[49,36294,347],{"class":346},[49,36296,1606],{"class":350},[49,36298,347],{"class":346},[49,36300,71],{"class":63},[49,36302,357],{"class":346},[49,36304,11169],{"class":350},[49,36306,347],{"class":346},[49,36308,82],{"class":63},[49,36310,36311],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36312,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,36314,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36316,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36318,35552],{"class":55},[49,36320,71],{"class":63},[49,36322,5394],{"class":55},[49,36324,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36326,35253],{"class":104},[49,36328,108],{"class":63},[49,36330,88],{"class":94},[49,36332,7773],{"class":63},[49,36334,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36336,7501],{"class":104},[49,36338,108],{"class":63},[49,36340,35577],{"class":94},[49,36342,71],{"class":63},[49,36344,28930],{"class":94},[49,36346,272],{"class":63},[20,36348,36349],{},"But this causes an error:",[40,36351,36353],{"className":42,"code":36352,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36354,36355,36379,36383,36408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36356,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36358,56],{"class":55},[49,36360,60],{"class":59},[49,36362,64],{"class":63},[49,36364,347],{"class":346},[49,36366,1606],{"class":350},[49,36368,347],{"class":346},[49,36370,71],{"class":63},[49,36372,357],{"class":346},[49,36374,11169],{"class":350},[49,36376,347],{"class":346},[49,36378,82],{"class":63},[49,36380,36381],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36382,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,36384,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36398,36400,36402,36404,36406],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36386,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36388,35552],{"class":55},[49,36390,71],{"class":63},[49,36392,28930],{"class":55},[49,36394,71],{"class":63},[49,36396,36397],{"class":55}," extra ",[49,36399,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36401,35253],{"class":104},[49,36403,108],{"class":63},[49,36405,88],{"class":94},[49,36407,7773],{"class":63},[49,36409,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36425],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36411,7501],{"class":104},[49,36413,108],{"class":63},[49,36415,35577],{"class":94},[49,36417,71],{"class":63},[49,36419,28930],{"class":94},[49,36421,71],{"class":63},[49,36423,36424],{"class":94}," extra",[49,36426,272],{"class":63},[20,36428,28484,36429,36431],{},[15,36430,35171],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[528,36433,36435,36437],{"id":36434},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36436,35171],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36439,36440],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36442,36443],{},"Example with a string:",[40,36445,36447],{"className":42,"code":36446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36448,36449,36475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36450,36451,36453,36455,36457,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36471,36473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36452,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36454,35243],{"class":55},[49,36456,71],{"class":63},[49,36458,36459],{"class":55}," char ",[49,36461,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36463,35253],{"class":104},[49,36465,108],{"class":63},[49,36467,347],{"class":346},[49,36469,36470],{"class":350},"cat",[49,36472,347],{"class":346},[49,36474,7773],{"class":63},[49,36476,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36488],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36478,7501],{"class":104},[49,36480,108],{"class":63},[49,36482,35268],{"class":94},[49,36484,71],{"class":63},[49,36486,36487],{"class":94}," char",[49,36489,272],{"class":63},[20,36491,275],{},[40,36493,36495],{"className":42,"code":36494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36496,36497,36503,36509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36498,36499,36501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36500,1552],{"class":67},[49,36502,35611],{"class":55},[49,36504,36505,36507],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36506,68],{"class":67},[49,36508,569],{"class":55},[49,36510,36511,36513],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36512,1488],{"class":67},[49,36514,36515],{"class":55}," t\n",[20,36517,36518,36519,91],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[308,36520,4567],{"href":5019},[528,36522,36524],{"id":36523},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36526,36527,36528,91],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36529,35171],{},[20,36531,36532,36533,36535],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36534,5391],{}," loop:",[40,36537,36539],{"className":42,"code":36538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36540,36541,36573,36577,36589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36542,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36544,12495],{"class":55},[49,36546,60],{"class":59},[49,36548,64],{"class":63},[49,36550,347],{"class":346},[49,36552,12512],{"class":350},[49,36554,347],{"class":346},[49,36556,71],{"class":63},[49,36558,357],{"class":346},[49,36560,16877],{"class":350},[49,36562,347],{"class":346},[49,36564,71],{"class":63},[49,36566,357],{"class":346},[49,36568,12529],{"class":350},[49,36570,347],{"class":346},[49,36572,82],{"class":63},[49,36574,36575],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36576,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,36578,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36580,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36582,35248],{"class":55},[49,36584,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36586,12543],{"class":55},[49,36588,5826],{"class":63},[49,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36592,7501],{"class":104},[49,36594,108],{"class":63},[49,36596,32314],{"class":94},[49,36598,272],{"class":63},[20,36600,36601],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[35,36603,2261],{"id":2260},[20,36605,36606],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[137,36608,36609,36614,36620,36625],{},[140,36610,22523,36611,36613],{},[15,36612,35171],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[140,36615,36616,36617,36619],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36618,1552],{}," by default",[140,36621,1092,36622,36624],{},[15,36623,35171],{}," when only values are needed",[140,36626,36627,36628,8135,36630],{},"Confusing ",[15,36629,35171],{},[15,36631,35620],{},[20,36633,36634],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[40,36636,36638],{"className":42,"code":36637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36639,36640,36662,36689,36723,36756],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36641,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36643,105],{"class":104},[49,36645,108],{"class":63},[49,36647,35465],{"class":104},[49,36649,2418],{"class":63},[49,36651,221],{"class":67},[49,36653,71],{"class":63},[49,36655,226],{"class":67},[49,36657,71],{"class":63},[49,36659,231],{"class":67},[49,36661,2431],{"class":63},[49,36663,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36665,105],{"class":104},[49,36667,108],{"class":63},[49,36669,7526],{"class":1174},[49,36671,108],{"class":63},[49,36673,35465],{"class":104},[49,36675,2418],{"class":63},[49,36677,221],{"class":67},[49,36679,71],{"class":63},[49,36681,226],{"class":67},[49,36683,71],{"class":63},[49,36685,231],{"class":67},[49,36687,36688],{"class":63},"])))\n",[49,36690,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36692,105],{"class":104},[49,36694,108],{"class":63},[49,36696,7526],{"class":1174},[49,36698,108],{"class":63},[49,36700,35465],{"class":104},[49,36702,2418],{"class":63},[49,36704,221],{"class":67},[49,36706,71],{"class":63},[49,36708,226],{"class":67},[49,36710,71],{"class":63},[49,36712,231],{"class":67},[49,36714,17484],{"class":63},[49,36716,35474],{"class":8607},[49,36718,60],{"class":59},[49,36720,68],{"class":67},[49,36722,2344],{"class":63},[49,36724,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36726,5391],{"class":3306},[49,36728,35552],{"class":55},[49,36730,71],{"class":63},[49,36732,21006],{"class":55},[49,36734,3313],{"class":3306},[49,36736,35253],{"class":104},[49,36738,2418],{"class":63},[49,36740,2734],{"class":346},[49,36742,308],{"class":350},[49,36744,2734],{"class":346},[49,36746,71],{"class":63},[49,36748,2729],{"class":346},[49,36750,360],{"class":350},[49,36752,2734],{"class":346},[49,36754,36755],{"class":63},"]):\n",[49,36757,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,36759,7501],{"class":104},[49,36761,108],{"class":63},[49,36763,35577],{"class":94},[49,36765,71],{"class":63},[49,36767,7864],{"class":94},[49,36769,272],{"class":63},[20,36771,16381],{},[40,36773,36775],{"className":42,"code":36774,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36776,36777,36797,36829,36861,36867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36778,36779,36781,36783,36785,36788,36792,36795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36780,2723],{"class":59},[49,36782,35465],{"class":104},[49,36784,24040],{"class":1174},[49,36786,36787],{"class":55}," at ",[49,36789,36791],{"class":36790},"srjyR","0x",[49,36793,36794],{"class":33875},"...",[49,36796,2737],{"class":59},[49,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,36800,21162],{"class":63},[49,36802,1552],{"class":67},[49,36804,71],{"class":63},[49,36806,5437],{"class":67},[49,36808,8665],{"class":63},[49,36810,8668],{"class":63},[49,36812,68],{"class":67},[49,36814,71],{"class":63},[49,36816,226],{"class":67},[49,36818,8665],{"class":63},[49,36820,8668],{"class":63},[49,36822,1488],{"class":67},[49,36824,71],{"class":63},[49,36826,231],{"class":67},[49,36828,8681],{"class":63},[49,36830,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,36832,21162],{"class":63},[49,36834,68],{"class":67},[49,36836,71],{"class":63},[49,36838,5437],{"class":67},[49,36840,8665],{"class":63},[49,36842,8668],{"class":63},[49,36844,1488],{"class":67},[49,36846,71],{"class":63},[49,36848,226],{"class":67},[49,36850,8665],{"class":63},[49,36852,8668],{"class":63},[49,36854,1494],{"class":67},[49,36856,71],{"class":63},[49,36858,231],{"class":67},[49,36860,8681],{"class":63},[49,36862,36863,36865],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,36864,1552],{"class":67},[49,36866,569],{"class":55},[49,36868,36869,36871],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,36870,68],{"class":67},[49,36872,35604],{"class":55},[35,36874,1253],{"id":1252},[528,36876,4573,36878,4576],{"id":36877},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36879,35171],{},[20,36881,36882],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[528,36884,1257,36886,36888],{"id":36885},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36887,35171],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36890,36891,36892,36894,36895,36898],{},"It starts at ",[15,36893,1552],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36896,36897],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[528,36900,20842,36902,871,36904,1284],{"id":36901},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36903,35171],{},[15,36905,36906],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36908,36015,36909,36911],{},[15,36910,35171],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[528,36913,4601,36915,36917],{"id":36914},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36916,35171],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36919,36920,36921,36923],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36922,35171],{}," can return each character with its index.",[35,36925,1309],{"id":1308},[137,36927,36928,36932,36938,36945],{},[140,36929,36930],{},[308,36931,35451],{"href":35450},[140,36933,36934],{},[308,36935,3010,36936,2943],{"href":35617},[15,36937,35620],{},[140,36939,36940],{},[308,36941,36942,36943,36031],{"href":36027},"How to use ",[15,36944,35171],{},[140,36946,36947],{},[308,36948,4647],{"href":5019},[1352,36950,36951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":36953},[36954,36955,36957,36958,36960,36962,36964,36971,36972,36982],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":35311,"depth":85,"text":36956},"What enumerate() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":35623,"depth":85,"text":36959},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35838,"depth":85,"text":36961},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36034,"depth":85,"text":36963},"Using the start argument",{"id":24779,"depth":85,"text":24780,"children":36965},[36966,36967,36968,36970],{"id":36174,"depth":101,"text":36175},{"id":36270,"depth":101,"text":36271},{"id":36434,"depth":101,"text":36969},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36523,"depth":101,"text":36524},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":36973},[36974,36976,36978,36980],{"id":36877,"depth":101,"text":36975},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36885,"depth":101,"text":36977},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36901,"depth":101,"text":36979},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36914,"depth":101,"text":36981},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35163,"description":36983},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36990,"title":36991,"body":36992,"description":39507,"extension":1392,"meta":39508,"navigation":243,"path":39509,"seo":39510,"stem":39511,"__hash__":39512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36993,"toc":39464},[36994,37000,37005,37008,37016,37030,37032,37123,37131,37136,37141,37143,37159,37161,37240,37242,37259,37265,37269,37271,37292,37296,37299,37311,37315,37318,37321,37338,37341,37417,37419,37436,37441,37445,37453,37456,37471,37473,37562,37564,37609,37612,37616,37619,37698,37700,37721,37724,37731,37736,37739,37842,37844,37869,37872,37879,37885,37890,37893,37904,38010,38012,38033,38041,38048,38054,38073,38078,38081,38100,38102,38187,38189,38218,38221,38226,38231,38234,38245,38247,38336,38338,38358,38364,38470,38472,38492,38495,38579,38581,38601,38608,38610,38614,38620,38623,38680,38683,38686,38747,38756,38759,38762,38790,38793,38853,38855,38872,38876,38879,38957,38959,38979,38982,39057,39061,39064,39066,39075,39080,39082,39133,39141,39153,39158,39219,39221,39238,39242,39305,39307,39332,39340,39342,39348,39354,39361,39369,39375,39378,39385,39395,39401,39407,39410,39427,39433,39435,39461],[10,36995,3010,36997,3014],{"id":36996},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36998,36999],{},"filter()",[20,37001,37002,37004],{},[15,37003,36999],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37006,37007],{},"It takes:",[137,37009,37010,37013],{},[140,37011,37012],{},"a function that checks each item",[140,37014,37015],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37017,37018,37019,37022,37023,37026,37027,37029],{},"The result is ",[30,37020,37021],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37024,37025],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37028,24203],{}," to see the values.",[35,37031,1434],{"id":1433},[40,37033,37035],{"className":42,"code":37034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37036,37037,37070,37106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37038,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37040,214],{"class":55},[49,37042,60],{"class":59},[49,37044,64],{"class":63},[49,37046,68],{"class":67},[49,37048,71],{"class":63},[49,37050,74],{"class":67},[49,37052,71],{"class":63},[49,37054,79],{"class":67},[49,37056,71],{"class":63},[49,37058,1888],{"class":67},[49,37060,71],{"class":63},[49,37062,4036],{"class":67},[49,37064,71],{"class":63},[49,37066,37067],{"class":67}," 6",[49,37069,82],{"class":63},[49,37071,37072,37074,37076,37079,37081,37084,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37073,382],{"class":55},[49,37075,60],{"class":59},[49,37077,37078],{"class":104}," filter",[49,37080,108],{"class":63},[49,37082,37083],{"class":1497},"lambda",[49,37085,37087],{"class":37086},"sFwrP"," x",[49,37089,135],{"class":63},[49,37091,3310],{"class":94},[49,37093,5836],{"class":59},[49,37095,74],{"class":67},[49,37097,5841],{"class":59},[49,37099,3263],{"class":67},[49,37101,71],{"class":63},[49,37103,3695],{"class":94},[49,37105,272],{"class":63},[49,37107,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37109,105],{"class":104},[49,37111,108],{"class":63},[49,37113,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37115,108],{"class":63},[49,37117,420],{"class":94},[49,37119,4793],{"class":63},[49,37121,37122],{"class":116},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37124,37125,37127,37128,37130],{},[15,37126,36999],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37129,24203],{}," to see the results.",[35,37132,127,37134,130],{"id":37133},"what-filter-does",[15,37135,36999],{},[20,37137,37138,37140],{},[15,37139,36999],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37142,1539],{},[137,37144,37145,37148,37154],{},[140,37146,37147],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[140,37149,37150,37151,37153],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37152,3039],{},", the item is kept",[140,37155,37150,37156,37158],{},[15,37157,3105],{},", the item is removed",[20,37160,761],{},[40,37162,37164],{"className":42,"code":37163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37165,37166,37194,37198,37226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37167,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37169,214],{"class":55},[49,37171,60],{"class":59},[49,37173,64],{"class":63},[49,37175,68],{"class":67},[49,37177,71],{"class":63},[49,37179,74],{"class":67},[49,37181,71],{"class":63},[49,37183,79],{"class":67},[49,37185,71],{"class":63},[49,37187,1888],{"class":67},[49,37189,71],{"class":63},[49,37191,4036],{"class":67},[49,37193,82],{"class":63},[49,37195,37196],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37197,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37199,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37201,382],{"class":55},[49,37203,60],{"class":59},[49,37205,37078],{"class":104},[49,37207,108],{"class":63},[49,37209,37083],{"class":1497},[49,37211,37087],{"class":37086},[49,37213,135],{"class":63},[49,37215,3310],{"class":94},[49,37217,3684],{"class":59},[49,37219,79],{"class":67},[49,37221,71],{"class":63},[49,37223,3695],{"class":94},[49,37225,272],{"class":63},[49,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37229,105],{"class":104},[49,37231,108],{"class":63},[49,37233,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37235,108],{"class":63},[49,37237,420],{"class":94},[49,37239,1182],{"class":63},[20,37241,275],{},[40,37243,37245],{"className":42,"code":37244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37246,37247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37248,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37250,938],{"class":63},[49,37252,1936],{"class":67},[49,37254,71],{"class":63},[49,37256,4036],{"class":67},[49,37258,82],{"class":63},[20,37260,37261,37262,37264],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37263,1494],{}," are kept.",[35,37266,37268],{"id":37267},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37270,1592],{},[40,37272,37274],{"className":42,"code":37273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37275,37276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37277,37278,37280,37282,37285,37287,37290],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37279,37025],{"class":104},[49,37281,108],{"class":63},[49,37283,37284],{"class":94},"function",[49,37286,71],{"class":63},[49,37288,37289],{"class":94}," iterable",[49,37291,272],{"class":63},[528,37293,37294],{"id":37284},[15,37295,37284],{},[20,37297,37298],{},"This is the test function.",[137,37300,37301,37304],{},[140,37302,37303],{},"It receives one item at a time",[140,37305,37306,37307,2310,37309],{},"It should return ",[15,37308,3039],{},[15,37310,3105],{},[528,37312,37313],{"id":3151},[15,37314,3151],{},[20,37316,37317],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37319,37320],{},"It can be:",[137,37322,37323,37326,37329,37332,37335],{},[140,37324,37325],{},"a list",[140,37327,37328],{},"a tuple",[140,37330,37331],{},"a string",[140,37333,37334],{},"a set",[140,37336,37337],{},"another iterable object",[20,37339,37340],{},"Example with a tuple:",[40,37342,37344],{"className":42,"code":37343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37345,37346,37371,37375,37403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37347,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37349,214],{"class":55},[49,37351,60],{"class":59},[49,37353,8668],{"class":63},[49,37355,221],{"class":67},[49,37357,71],{"class":63},[49,37359,37360],{"class":67}," 15",[49,37362,71],{"class":63},[49,37364,226],{"class":67},[49,37366,71],{"class":63},[49,37368,8738],{"class":67},[49,37370,272],{"class":63},[49,37372,37373],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37374,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37376,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37378,382],{"class":55},[49,37380,60],{"class":59},[49,37382,37078],{"class":104},[49,37384,108],{"class":63},[49,37386,37083],{"class":1497},[49,37388,37087],{"class":37086},[49,37390,135],{"class":63},[49,37392,3310],{"class":94},[49,37394,4529],{"class":59},[49,37396,226],{"class":67},[49,37398,71],{"class":63},[49,37400,3695],{"class":94},[49,37402,272],{"class":63},[49,37404,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37406,105],{"class":104},[49,37408,108],{"class":63},[49,37410,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37412,108],{"class":63},[49,37414,420],{"class":94},[49,37416,1182],{"class":63},[20,37418,275],{},[40,37420,37422],{"className":42,"code":37421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37423,37424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37425,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37427,938],{"class":63},[49,37429,15176],{"class":67},[49,37431,71],{"class":63},[49,37433,8738],{"class":67},[49,37435,82],{"class":63},[20,37437,37438,37439,91],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[308,37440,4567],{"href":5019},[35,37442,37444],{"id":37443},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37446,37447,37448,21397,37450,91],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37449,36999],{},[30,37451,37452],{},"filter object",[20,37454,37455],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[137,37457,37458,37461,37466],{},[140,37459,37460],{},"loop through it",[140,37462,37463,37464],{},"convert it with ",[15,37465,24203],{},[140,37467,37463,37468],{},[15,37469,37470],{},"tuple()",[20,37472,761],{},[40,37474,37476],{"className":42,"code":37475,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37477,37478,37520,37524,37534,37548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37479,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37481,382],{"class":55},[49,37483,60],{"class":59},[49,37485,37078],{"class":104},[49,37487,108],{"class":63},[49,37489,37083],{"class":1497},[49,37491,37087],{"class":37086},[49,37493,135],{"class":63},[49,37495,3310],{"class":94},[49,37497,3684],{"class":59},[49,37499,74],{"class":67},[49,37501,71],{"class":63},[49,37503,64],{"class":63},[49,37505,68],{"class":67},[49,37507,71],{"class":63},[49,37509,74],{"class":67},[49,37511,71],{"class":63},[49,37513,79],{"class":67},[49,37515,71],{"class":63},[49,37517,1888],{"class":67},[49,37519,3319],{"class":63},[49,37521,37522],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37523,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37525,37526,37528,37530,37532],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37527,105],{"class":104},[49,37529,108],{"class":63},[49,37531,420],{"class":94},[49,37533,272],{"class":63},[49,37535,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37537,105],{"class":104},[49,37539,108],{"class":63},[49,37541,1175],{"class":1174},[49,37543,108],{"class":63},[49,37545,420],{"class":94},[49,37547,1182],{"class":63},[49,37549,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,37551,105],{"class":104},[49,37553,108],{"class":63},[49,37555,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37557,108],{"class":63},[49,37559,420],{"class":94},[49,37561,1182],{"class":63},[20,37563,275],{},[40,37565,37567],{"className":42,"code":37566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37568,37569,37583,37597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37570,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37572,2723],{"class":59},[49,37574,37025],{"class":104},[49,37576,24040],{"class":1174},[49,37578,36787],{"class":55},[49,37580,36794],{"class":33875},[49,37582,2737],{"class":59},[49,37584,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37586,2723],{"class":59},[49,37588,2726],{"class":1497},[49,37590,2729],{"class":346},[49,37592,37025],{"class":350},[49,37594,2734],{"class":346},[49,37596,2737],{"class":59},[49,37598,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37600,938],{"class":63},[49,37602,1494],{"class":67},[49,37604,71],{"class":63},[49,37606,1888],{"class":67},[49,37608,82],{"class":63},[20,37610,37611],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[528,37613,37615],{"id":37614},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37617,37618],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[40,37620,37622],{"className":42,"code":37621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37623,37624,37666,37670,37684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37625,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37627,382],{"class":55},[49,37629,60],{"class":59},[49,37631,37078],{"class":104},[49,37633,108],{"class":63},[49,37635,37083],{"class":1497},[49,37637,37087],{"class":37086},[49,37639,135],{"class":63},[49,37641,3310],{"class":94},[49,37643,3684],{"class":59},[49,37645,74],{"class":67},[49,37647,71],{"class":63},[49,37649,64],{"class":63},[49,37651,68],{"class":67},[49,37653,71],{"class":63},[49,37655,74],{"class":67},[49,37657,71],{"class":63},[49,37659,79],{"class":67},[49,37661,71],{"class":63},[49,37663,1888],{"class":67},[49,37665,3319],{"class":63},[49,37667,37668],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37669,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37671,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37673,105],{"class":104},[49,37675,108],{"class":63},[49,37677,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37679,108],{"class":63},[49,37681,420],{"class":94},[49,37683,1182],{"class":63},[49,37685,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37687,105],{"class":104},[49,37689,108],{"class":63},[49,37691,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37693,108],{"class":63},[49,37695,420],{"class":94},[49,37697,1182],{"class":63},[20,37699,275],{},[40,37701,37703],{"className":42,"code":37702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37704,37705,37717],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37706,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37708,938],{"class":63},[49,37710,1494],{"class":67},[49,37712,71],{"class":63},[49,37714,1888],{"class":67},[49,37716,82],{"class":63},[49,37718,37719],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37720,278],{"class":63},[20,37722,37723],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[35,37725,1092,37727,8135,37729],{"id":37726},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37728,36999],{},[15,37730,37083],{},[20,37732,14610,37733,37735],{},[15,37734,37083],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37737,37738],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[40,37740,37742],{"className":42,"code":37741,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37743,37744,37786,37790,37828],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37745,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37782,37784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37747,3501],{"class":55},[49,37749,60],{"class":59},[49,37751,64],{"class":63},[49,37753,347],{"class":346},[49,37755,3510],{"class":350},[49,37757,347],{"class":346},[49,37759,71],{"class":63},[49,37761,357],{"class":346},[49,37763,37764],{"class":350},"kiwi",[49,37766,347],{"class":346},[49,37768,71],{"class":63},[49,37770,357],{"class":346},[49,37772,3519],{"class":350},[49,37774,347],{"class":346},[49,37776,71],{"class":63},[49,37778,357],{"class":346},[49,37780,37781],{"class":350},"fig",[49,37783,347],{"class":346},[49,37785,82],{"class":63},[49,37787,37788],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37789,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37791,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37805,37807,37810,37812,37815,37817,37820,37822,37824,37826],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37793,382],{"class":55},[49,37795,60],{"class":59},[49,37797,37078],{"class":104},[49,37799,108],{"class":63},[49,37801,37083],{"class":1497},[49,37803,37804],{"class":37086}," word",[49,37806,135],{"class":63},[49,37808,37809],{"class":104}," len",[49,37811,108],{"class":63},[49,37813,37814],{"class":94},"word",[49,37816,113],{"class":63},[49,37818,37819],{"class":59}," >",[49,37821,1888],{"class":67},[49,37823,71],{"class":63},[49,37825,5601],{"class":94},[49,37827,272],{"class":63},[49,37829,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37831,105],{"class":104},[49,37833,108],{"class":63},[49,37835,7526],{"class":1174},[49,37837,108],{"class":63},[49,37839,420],{"class":94},[49,37841,1182],{"class":63},[20,37843,275],{},[40,37845,37847],{"className":42,"code":37846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37848,37849],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37850,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37852,938],{"class":63},[49,37854,2734],{"class":346},[49,37856,3510],{"class":350},[49,37858,2734],{"class":346},[49,37860,71],{"class":63},[49,37862,2729],{"class":346},[49,37864,3519],{"class":350},[49,37866,2734],{"class":346},[49,37868,82],{"class":63},[20,37870,37871],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37873,37874,37875,91],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[308,37876,37878],{"href":37877},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[35,37880,1092,37882,37884],{"id":37881},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37883,36999],{}," with a named function",[20,37886,37887,37888,91],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37889,37083],{},[20,37891,37892],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[137,37894,37895,37898,37901],{},[140,37896,37897],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[140,37899,37900],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[140,37902,37903],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[40,37905,37907],{"className":42,"code":37906,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37908,37909,37922,37937,37941,37973,37992,37996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37910,37911,37913,37916,37918,37920],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37912,34272],{"class":1497},[49,37914,37915],{"class":34275}," is_even",[49,37917,108],{"class":63},[49,37919,1672],{"class":37086},[49,37921,7773],{"class":63},[49,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,37925,34283],{"class":3306},[49,37927,5819],{"class":55},[49,37929,5836],{"class":59},[49,37931,74],{"class":67},[49,37933,5841],{"class":59},[49,37935,37936],{"class":67}," 0\n",[49,37938,37939],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,37940,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37942,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,37944,214],{"class":55},[49,37946,60],{"class":59},[49,37948,64],{"class":63},[49,37950,68],{"class":67},[49,37952,71],{"class":63},[49,37954,74],{"class":67},[49,37956,71],{"class":63},[49,37958,79],{"class":67},[49,37960,71],{"class":63},[49,37962,1888],{"class":67},[49,37964,71],{"class":63},[49,37966,4036],{"class":67},[49,37968,71],{"class":63},[49,37970,37067],{"class":67},[49,37972,82],{"class":63},[49,37974,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37986,37988,37990],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,37976,382],{"class":55},[49,37978,60],{"class":59},[49,37980,37078],{"class":104},[49,37982,108],{"class":63},[49,37984,37985],{"class":94},"is_even",[49,37987,71],{"class":63},[49,37989,3695],{"class":94},[49,37991,272],{"class":63},[49,37993,37994],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,37995,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,37997,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,37999,105],{"class":104},[49,38001,108],{"class":63},[49,38003,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38005,108],{"class":63},[49,38007,420],{"class":94},[49,38009,1182],{"class":63},[20,38011,275],{},[40,38013,38015],{"className":42,"code":38014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38016,38017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38018,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38020,938],{"class":63},[49,38022,1488],{"class":67},[49,38024,71],{"class":63},[49,38026,1888],{"class":67},[49,38028,71],{"class":63},[49,38030,37067],{"class":67},[49,38032,82],{"class":63},[20,38034,705,38035,320,38038,38040],{},[15,38036,38037],{},"is_even()",[15,38039,3039],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[35,38042,1092,38044,8135,38046],{"id":38043},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38045,323],{},[15,38047,36999],{},[20,38049,38050,38051,38053],{},"You can pass ",[15,38052,323],{}," as the first argument:",[40,38055,38057],{"className":42,"code":38056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38058,38059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38060,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38062,37025],{"class":104},[49,38064,108],{"class":63},[49,38066,323],{"class":3281},[49,38068,71],{"class":63},[49,38070,37289],{"class":94},[49,38072,272],{"class":63},[20,38074,38075,38076,6774],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38077,5029],{},[20,38079,38080],{},"Falsy values include:",[137,38082,38083,38087,38092,38096],{},[140,38084,38085],{},[15,38086,1552],{},[140,38088,38089,38091],{},[15,38090,3204],{}," (empty string)",[140,38093,38094],{},[15,38095,323],{},[140,38097,38098],{},[15,38099,3105],{},[20,38101,761],{},[40,38103,38105],{"className":42,"code":38104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38106,38107,38151,38155,38173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38110,56],{"class":55},[49,38112,60],{"class":59},[49,38114,64],{"class":63},[49,38116,1552],{"class":67},[49,38118,71],{"class":63},[49,38120,4930],{"class":67},[49,38122,71],{"class":63},[49,38124,5559],{"class":346},[49,38126,71],{"class":63},[49,38128,357],{"class":346},[49,38130,1121],{"class":350},[49,38132,347],{"class":346},[49,38134,71],{"class":63},[49,38136,3282],{"class":3281},[49,38138,71],{"class":63},[49,38140,3346],{"class":3281},[49,38142,71],{"class":63},[49,38144,3337],{"class":3281},[49,38146,71],{"class":63},[49,38148,4036],{"class":67},[49,38150,82],{"class":63},[49,38152,38153],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38154,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,38158,382],{"class":55},[49,38160,60],{"class":59},[49,38162,37078],{"class":104},[49,38164,108],{"class":63},[49,38166,323],{"class":3281},[49,38168,71],{"class":63},[49,38170,387],{"class":94},[49,38172,272],{"class":63},[49,38174,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,38176,105],{"class":104},[49,38178,108],{"class":63},[49,38180,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38182,108],{"class":63},[49,38184,420],{"class":94},[49,38186,1182],{"class":63},[20,38188,275],{},[40,38190,38192],{"className":42,"code":38191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38193,38194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38195,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38197,938],{"class":63},[49,38199,68],{"class":67},[49,38201,71],{"class":63},[49,38203,2729],{"class":346},[49,38205,1121],{"class":350},[49,38207,2734],{"class":346},[49,38209,71],{"class":63},[49,38211,3346],{"class":3281},[49,38213,71],{"class":63},[49,38215,4036],{"class":67},[49,38217,82],{"class":63},[20,38219,38220],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[35,38222,740,38224],{"id":38223},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38225,36999],{},[20,38227,120,38228,38230],{},[15,38229,36999],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38232,38233],{},"It works well for:",[137,38235,38236,38239,38242],{},[140,38237,38238],{},"simple filtering rules",[140,38240,38241],{},"quick data cleaning",[140,38243,38244],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38246,761],{},[40,38248,38250],{"className":42,"code":38249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38251,38252,38284,38317,38321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38255,214],{"class":55},[49,38257,60],{"class":59},[49,38259,64],{"class":63},[49,38261,68],{"class":67},[49,38263,71],{"class":63},[49,38265,74],{"class":67},[49,38267,71],{"class":63},[49,38269,79],{"class":67},[49,38271,71],{"class":63},[49,38273,1888],{"class":67},[49,38275,71],{"class":63},[49,38277,4036],{"class":67},[49,38279,71],{"class":63},[49,38281,37067],{"class":67},[49,38283,82],{"class":63},[49,38285,38286,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38287,38288],{"class":55},"evens ",[49,38290,60],{"class":59},[49,38292,37078],{"class":104},[49,38294,108],{"class":63},[49,38296,37083],{"class":1497},[49,38298,37087],{"class":37086},[49,38300,135],{"class":63},[49,38302,3310],{"class":94},[49,38304,5836],{"class":59},[49,38306,74],{"class":67},[49,38308,5841],{"class":59},[49,38310,3263],{"class":67},[49,38312,71],{"class":63},[49,38314,3695],{"class":94},[49,38316,272],{"class":63},[49,38318,38319],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,38320,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38322,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38334],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,38324,105],{"class":104},[49,38326,108],{"class":63},[49,38328,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38330,108],{"class":63},[49,38332,38333],{"class":94},"evens",[49,38335,1182],{"class":63},[20,38337,275],{},[40,38339,38340],{"className":42,"code":38014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38341,38342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38343,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38345,938],{"class":63},[49,38347,1488],{"class":67},[49,38349,71],{"class":63},[49,38351,1888],{"class":67},[49,38353,71],{"class":63},[49,38355,37067],{"class":67},[49,38357,82],{"class":63},[20,38359,38360,38361,38363],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38362,5391],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[40,38365,38367],{"className":42,"code":38366,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38368,38369,38401,38409,38413,38425,38441,38456,38460],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38370,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38372,214],{"class":55},[49,38374,60],{"class":59},[49,38376,64],{"class":63},[49,38378,68],{"class":67},[49,38380,71],{"class":63},[49,38382,74],{"class":67},[49,38384,71],{"class":63},[49,38386,79],{"class":67},[49,38388,71],{"class":63},[49,38390,1888],{"class":67},[49,38392,71],{"class":63},[49,38394,4036],{"class":67},[49,38396,71],{"class":63},[49,38398,37067],{"class":67},[49,38400,82],{"class":63},[49,38402,38403,38405,38407],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38404,38288],{"class":55},[49,38406,60],{"class":59},[49,38408,526],{"class":63},[49,38410,38411],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,38412,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38414,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,38416,5391],{"class":3306},[49,38418,5819],{"class":55},[49,38420,3313],{"class":3306},[49,38422,3695],{"class":55},[49,38424,5826],{"class":63},[49,38426,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,38428,5831],{"class":3306},[49,38430,5819],{"class":55},[49,38432,5836],{"class":59},[49,38434,74],{"class":67},[49,38436,5841],{"class":59},[49,38438,3263],{"class":67},[49,38440,5826],{"class":63},[49,38442,38443,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,38444,38445],{"class":55},"        evens",[49,38447,91],{"class":63},[49,38449,12973],{"class":94},[49,38451,108],{"class":63},[49,38453,1672],{"class":94},[49,38455,272],{"class":63},[49,38457,38458],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,38459,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38461,38462,38464,38466,38468],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,38463,105],{"class":104},[49,38465,108],{"class":63},[49,38467,38333],{"class":94},[49,38469,272],{"class":63},[20,38471,275],{},[40,38473,38474],{"className":42,"code":38014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38475,38476],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38477,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38479,938],{"class":63},[49,38481,1488],{"class":67},[49,38483,71],{"class":63},[49,38485,1888],{"class":67},[49,38487,71],{"class":63},[49,38489,37067],{"class":67},[49,38491,82],{"class":63},[20,38493,38494],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[40,38496,38498],{"className":42,"code":38497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38499,38500,38532,38565,38569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38501,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38503,214],{"class":55},[49,38505,60],{"class":59},[49,38507,64],{"class":63},[49,38509,68],{"class":67},[49,38511,71],{"class":63},[49,38513,74],{"class":67},[49,38515,71],{"class":63},[49,38517,79],{"class":67},[49,38519,71],{"class":63},[49,38521,1888],{"class":67},[49,38523,71],{"class":63},[49,38525,4036],{"class":67},[49,38527,71],{"class":63},[49,38529,37067],{"class":67},[49,38531,82],{"class":63},[49,38533,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38535,38288],{"class":55},[49,38537,60],{"class":59},[49,38539,64],{"class":63},[49,38541,1650],{"class":55},[49,38543,5391],{"class":3306},[49,38545,5819],{"class":55},[49,38547,3313],{"class":3306},[49,38549,38550],{"class":55}," numbers ",[49,38552,6431],{"class":3306},[49,38554,5819],{"class":55},[49,38556,5836],{"class":59},[49,38558,74],{"class":67},[49,38560,5841],{"class":59},[49,38562,3263],{"class":67},[49,38564,82],{"class":63},[49,38566,38567],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,38568,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38570,38571,38573,38575,38577],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,38572,105],{"class":104},[49,38574,108],{"class":63},[49,38576,38333],{"class":94},[49,38578,272],{"class":63},[20,38580,275],{},[40,38582,38583],{"className":42,"code":38014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38584,38585],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38586,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38588,938],{"class":63},[49,38590,1488],{"class":67},[49,38592,71],{"class":63},[49,38594,1888],{"class":67},[49,38596,71],{"class":63},[49,38598,37067],{"class":67},[49,38600,82],{"class":63},[20,38602,38603,38604,91],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[308,38605,38607],{"href":38606},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[35,38609,2261],{"id":2260},[20,38611,14154,38612,91],{},[15,38613,36999],{},[528,38615,1011,38617,38619],{"id":38616},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38618,36999],{}," to return a list",[20,38621,38622],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[40,38624,38626],{"className":42,"code":38625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38627,38628,38670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38629,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38631,382],{"class":55},[49,38633,60],{"class":59},[49,38635,37078],{"class":104},[49,38637,108],{"class":63},[49,38639,37083],{"class":1497},[49,38641,37087],{"class":37086},[49,38643,135],{"class":63},[49,38645,3310],{"class":94},[49,38647,3684],{"class":59},[49,38649,74],{"class":67},[49,38651,71],{"class":63},[49,38653,64],{"class":63},[49,38655,68],{"class":67},[49,38657,71],{"class":63},[49,38659,74],{"class":67},[49,38661,71],{"class":63},[49,38663,79],{"class":67},[49,38665,71],{"class":63},[49,38667,1888],{"class":67},[49,38669,3319],{"class":63},[49,38671,38672,38674,38676,38678],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38673,105],{"class":104},[49,38675,108],{"class":63},[49,38677,420],{"class":94},[49,38679,272],{"class":63},[20,38681,38682],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38684,38685],{},"Fix:",[40,38687,38689],{"className":42,"code":38688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38690,38691,38733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38692,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38694,382],{"class":55},[49,38696,60],{"class":59},[49,38698,37078],{"class":104},[49,38700,108],{"class":63},[49,38702,37083],{"class":1497},[49,38704,37087],{"class":37086},[49,38706,135],{"class":63},[49,38708,3310],{"class":94},[49,38710,3684],{"class":59},[49,38712,74],{"class":67},[49,38714,71],{"class":63},[49,38716,64],{"class":63},[49,38718,68],{"class":67},[49,38720,71],{"class":63},[49,38722,74],{"class":67},[49,38724,71],{"class":63},[49,38726,79],{"class":67},[49,38728,71],{"class":63},[49,38730,1888],{"class":67},[49,38732,3319],{"class":63},[49,38734,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38736,105],{"class":104},[49,38738,108],{"class":63},[49,38740,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38742,108],{"class":63},[49,38744,420],{"class":94},[49,38746,1182],{"class":63},[528,38748,38750,38751,2310,38753,38755],{"id":38749},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38752,3039],{},[15,38754,3105],{}," clearly",[20,38757,38758],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38760,38761],{},"Good example:",[40,38763,38765],{"className":42,"code":38764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38766,38767,38780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38768,38769,38771,38774,38776,38778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38770,34272],{"class":1497},[49,38772,38773],{"class":34275}," is_positive",[49,38775,108],{"class":63},[49,38777,1672],{"class":37086},[49,38779,7773],{"class":63},[49,38781,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38783,34283],{"class":3306},[49,38785,5819],{"class":55},[49,38787,3684],{"class":59},[49,38789,37936],{"class":67},[20,38791,38792],{},"Then use it with:",[40,38794,38796],{"className":42,"code":38795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38797,38798,38830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38799,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38801,214],{"class":55},[49,38803,60],{"class":59},[49,38805,64],{"class":63},[49,38807,1453],{"class":59},[49,38809,1488],{"class":67},[49,38811,71],{"class":63},[49,38813,1655],{"class":59},[49,38815,68],{"class":67},[49,38817,71],{"class":63},[49,38819,3263],{"class":67},[49,38821,71],{"class":63},[49,38823,4930],{"class":67},[49,38825,71],{"class":63},[49,38827,74],{"class":67},[49,38829,82],{"class":63},[49,38831,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38847,38849,38851],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38833,105],{"class":104},[49,38835,108],{"class":63},[49,38837,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38839,108],{"class":63},[49,38841,37025],{"class":104},[49,38843,108],{"class":63},[49,38845,38846],{"class":94},"is_positive",[49,38848,71],{"class":63},[49,38850,3695],{"class":94},[49,38852,2344],{"class":63},[20,38854,275],{},[40,38856,38858],{"className":42,"code":38857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38859,38860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38861,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38863,938],{"class":63},[49,38865,68],{"class":67},[49,38867,71],{"class":63},[49,38869,74],{"class":67},[49,38871,82],{"class":63},[528,38873,38875],{"id":38874},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38877,38878],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[40,38880,38881],{"className":42,"code":37621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38882,38883,38925,38929,38943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38884,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38886,382],{"class":55},[49,38888,60],{"class":59},[49,38890,37078],{"class":104},[49,38892,108],{"class":63},[49,38894,37083],{"class":1497},[49,38896,37087],{"class":37086},[49,38898,135],{"class":63},[49,38900,3310],{"class":94},[49,38902,3684],{"class":59},[49,38904,74],{"class":67},[49,38906,71],{"class":63},[49,38908,64],{"class":63},[49,38910,68],{"class":67},[49,38912,71],{"class":63},[49,38914,74],{"class":67},[49,38916,71],{"class":63},[49,38918,79],{"class":67},[49,38920,71],{"class":63},[49,38922,1888],{"class":67},[49,38924,3319],{"class":63},[49,38926,38927],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38928,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,38930,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,38932,105],{"class":104},[49,38934,108],{"class":63},[49,38936,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38938,108],{"class":63},[49,38940,420],{"class":94},[49,38942,1182],{"class":63},[49,38944,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,38946,105],{"class":104},[49,38948,108],{"class":63},[49,38950,7526],{"class":1174},[49,38952,108],{"class":63},[49,38954,420],{"class":94},[49,38956,1182],{"class":63},[20,38958,275],{},[40,38960,38961],{"className":42,"code":37702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38962,38963,38975],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38964,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38966,938],{"class":63},[49,38968,1494],{"class":67},[49,38970,71],{"class":63},[49,38972,1888],{"class":67},[49,38974,82],{"class":63},[49,38976,38977],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,38978,278],{"class":63},[20,38980,38981],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[40,38983,38985],{"className":42,"code":38984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38986,38987,39033,39037,39047],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38988,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38990,382],{"class":55},[49,38992,60],{"class":59},[49,38994,21982],{"class":1174},[49,38996,108],{"class":63},[49,38998,37025],{"class":104},[49,39000,108],{"class":63},[49,39002,37083],{"class":1497},[49,39004,37087],{"class":37086},[49,39006,135],{"class":63},[49,39008,3310],{"class":94},[49,39010,3684],{"class":59},[49,39012,74],{"class":67},[49,39014,71],{"class":63},[49,39016,64],{"class":63},[49,39018,68],{"class":67},[49,39020,71],{"class":63},[49,39022,74],{"class":67},[49,39024,71],{"class":63},[49,39026,79],{"class":67},[49,39028,71],{"class":63},[49,39030,1888],{"class":67},[49,39032,2431],{"class":63},[49,39034,39035],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39036,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,39038,39039,39041,39043,39045],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,39040,105],{"class":104},[49,39042,108],{"class":63},[49,39044,420],{"class":94},[49,39046,272],{"class":63},[49,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,39050,105],{"class":104},[49,39052,108],{"class":63},[49,39054,420],{"class":94},[49,39056,272],{"class":63},[528,39058,39060],{"id":39059},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39062,39063],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39065,16066],{},[40,39067,39069],{"className":42,"code":39068,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39070,39071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39072,39073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39074,39068],{"class":116},[20,39076,39077,39078,5984],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39079,221],{},[20,39081,16078],{},[40,39083,39085],{"className":42,"code":39084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39086,39087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39088,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39090,105],{"class":104},[49,39092,108],{"class":63},[49,39094,7526],{"class":1174},[49,39096,108],{"class":63},[49,39098,37025],{"class":104},[49,39100,108],{"class":63},[49,39102,37083],{"class":1497},[49,39104,37087],{"class":37086},[49,39106,135],{"class":63},[49,39108,3310],{"class":94},[49,39110,3684],{"class":59},[49,39112,74],{"class":67},[49,39114,71],{"class":63},[49,39116,64],{"class":63},[49,39118,68],{"class":67},[49,39120,71],{"class":63},[49,39122,74],{"class":67},[49,39124,71],{"class":63},[49,39126,79],{"class":67},[49,39128,71],{"class":63},[49,39130,1888],{"class":67},[49,39132,36688],{"class":63},[528,39134,36627,39136,8135,39138],{"id":39135},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39137,36999],{},[15,39139,39140],{},"map()",[137,39142,39143,39148],{},[140,39144,39145,39147],{},[15,39146,36999],{}," keeps or removes items",[140,39149,39150,39152],{},[15,39151,39140],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39154,39155,39156,135],{},"Example of ",[15,39157,36999],{},[40,39159,39161],{"className":42,"code":39160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39162,39163,39187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39164,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39166,214],{"class":55},[49,39168,60],{"class":59},[49,39170,64],{"class":63},[49,39172,68],{"class":67},[49,39174,71],{"class":63},[49,39176,74],{"class":67},[49,39178,71],{"class":63},[49,39180,79],{"class":67},[49,39182,71],{"class":63},[49,39184,1888],{"class":67},[49,39186,82],{"class":63},[49,39188,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39190,105],{"class":104},[49,39192,108],{"class":63},[49,39194,7526],{"class":1174},[49,39196,108],{"class":63},[49,39198,37025],{"class":104},[49,39200,108],{"class":63},[49,39202,37083],{"class":1497},[49,39204,37087],{"class":37086},[49,39206,135],{"class":63},[49,39208,3310],{"class":94},[49,39210,3684],{"class":59},[49,39212,74],{"class":67},[49,39214,71],{"class":63},[49,39216,3695],{"class":94},[49,39218,2344],{"class":63},[20,39220,275],{},[40,39222,39224],{"className":42,"code":39223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39225,39226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39229,938],{"class":63},[49,39231,1494],{"class":67},[49,39233,71],{"class":63},[49,39235,1888],{"class":67},[49,39237,82],{"class":63},[20,39239,39155,39240,135],{},[15,39241,39140],{},[40,39243,39245],{"className":42,"code":39244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39246,39247,39271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39248,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39250,214],{"class":55},[49,39252,60],{"class":59},[49,39254,64],{"class":63},[49,39256,68],{"class":67},[49,39258,71],{"class":63},[49,39260,74],{"class":67},[49,39262,71],{"class":63},[49,39264,79],{"class":67},[49,39266,71],{"class":63},[49,39268,1888],{"class":67},[49,39270,82],{"class":63},[49,39272,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39274,105],{"class":104},[49,39276,108],{"class":63},[49,39278,7526],{"class":1174},[49,39280,108],{"class":63},[49,39282,39283],{"class":104},"map",[49,39285,108],{"class":63},[49,39287,37083],{"class":1497},[49,39289,37087],{"class":37086},[49,39291,135],{"class":63},[49,39293,3310],{"class":94},[49,39295,39296],{"class":59},"*",[49,39298,74],{"class":67},[49,39300,71],{"class":63},[49,39302,3695],{"class":94},[49,39304,2344],{"class":63},[20,39306,275],{},[40,39308,39310],{"className":42,"code":39309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39311,39312],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39313,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39315,938],{"class":63},[49,39317,1488],{"class":67},[49,39319,71],{"class":63},[49,39321,1888],{"class":67},[49,39323,71],{"class":63},[49,39325,37067],{"class":67},[49,39327,71],{"class":63},[49,39329,5792],{"class":67},[49,39331,82],{"class":63},[20,39333,39334,39335,91],{},"For the related function, see ",[308,39336,3010,39338,2943],{"href":39337},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39339,39140],{},[35,39341,1253],{"id":1252},[528,39343,1257,39345,39347],{"id":39344},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39346,36999],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39349,39350,39351,39353],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39352,24203],{}," if needed.",[528,39355,39357,39358,39360],{"id":39356},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39359,36999],{}," need to return?",[20,39362,37306,39363,39365,39366,39368],{},[15,39364,3039],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39367,3105],{}," to remove it.",[528,39370,1296,39372,39374],{"id":39371},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39373,36999],{}," without lambda?",[20,39376,39377],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[528,39379,4573,39381,39384],{"id":39380},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39382,39383],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39386,39387,39388,39390,39391,16495,39393,91],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39389,1552],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39392,323],{},[15,39394,3105],{},[528,39396,20842,39398,39400],{"id":39397},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39399,36999],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39402,39403,39404,39406],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39405,5391],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39408,39409],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[137,39411,39412,39418,39424],{},[140,39413,39414,39415,39417],{},"use ",[15,39416,36999],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[140,39419,39420,39421,39423],{},"use a ",[15,39422,5391],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[140,39425,39426],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39428,39429,39430,91],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[308,39431,4563],{"href":39432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[35,39434,1309],{"id":1308},[137,39436,39437,39442,39446,39451,39457],{},[140,39438,39439],{},[308,39440,39441],{"href":37877},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[140,39443,39444],{},[308,39445,4652],{"href":39432},[140,39447,39448],{},[308,39449,39450],{"href":38606},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[140,39452,39453],{},[308,39454,3010,39455,2943],{"href":39337},[15,39456,39140],{},[140,39458,39459],{},[308,39460,4647],{"href":5019},[1352,39462,39463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":39465},[39466,39467,39469,39473,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39494,39506],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":37133,"depth":85,"text":39468},"What filter() does",{"id":37267,"depth":85,"text":37268,"children":39470},[39471,39472],{"id":37284,"depth":101,"text":37284},{"id":3151,"depth":101,"text":3151},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444,"children":39474},[39475],{"id":37614,"depth":101,"text":37615},{"id":37726,"depth":85,"text":39477},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37881,"depth":85,"text":39479},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38043,"depth":85,"text":39481},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38223,"depth":85,"text":39483},"When to use filter()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":39485},[39486,39488,39490,39491,39492],{"id":38616,"depth":101,"text":39487},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38749,"depth":101,"text":39489},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38874,"depth":101,"text":38875},{"id":39059,"depth":101,"text":39060},{"id":39135,"depth":101,"text":39493},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":39495},[39496,39498,39500,39502,39504],{"id":39344,"depth":101,"text":39497},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39356,"depth":101,"text":39499},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39371,"depth":101,"text":39501},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39380,"depth":101,"text":39503},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39397,"depth":101,"text":39505},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36991,"description":39507},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39514,"title":39515,"body":39516,"description":41667,"extension":1392,"meta":41668,"navigation":243,"path":41669,"seo":41670,"stem":41671,"__hash__":41672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39517,"toc":41621},[39518,39521,39526,39532,39534,39586,39588,39607,39612,39616,39621,39624,39639,39642,39664,39666,39715,39717,39741,39743,39745,39760,39765,39773,39788,39790,39799,39802,39837,39841,39846,39850,39857,39892,39894,39910,39914,39917,39958,39960,39974,39978,39981,40005,40007,40016,40020,40023,40056,40058,40071,40075,40081,40100,40102,40110,40114,40119,40123,40129,40152,40154,40183,40186,40205,40209,40212,40239,40241,40275,40279,40282,40306,40310,40321,40323,40328,40333,40335,40419,40421,40463,40466,40470,40477,40486,40542,40549,40558,40563,40567,40638,40640,40649,40653,40656,40700,40702,40711,40715,40721,40771,40775,40780,40784,40808,40810,40819,40823,40847,40849,40860,40864,40888,40890,40899,40902,40919,40925,40929,40935,40938,40943,40946,40967,40969,41001,41004,41009,41011,41022,41024,41068,41072,41079,41131,41133,41142,41146,41149,41242,41245,41269,41273,41276,41368,41373,41377,41384,41389,41413,41415,41424,41429,41452,41454,41462,41469,41492,41500,41502,41515,41525,41527,41531,41538,41542,41551,41555,41562,41566,41570,41574,41586,41588,41618],[10,39519,39515],{"id":39520},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39522,8554,39523,39525],{},[15,39524,2316],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39527,39528,39529,39531],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39530,2316],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[35,39533,1434],{"id":1433},[40,39535,39537],{"className":42,"code":39536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39538,39539,39553,39572],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39540,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39542,105],{"class":104},[49,39544,108],{"class":63},[49,39546,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39548,108],{"class":63},[49,39550,1569],{"class":67},[49,39552,1182],{"class":63},[49,39554,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39568,39570],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39556,105],{"class":104},[49,39558,108],{"class":63},[49,39560,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39562,108],{"class":63},[49,39564,347],{"class":346},[49,39566,39567],{"class":350},"3.14",[49,39569,347],{"class":346},[49,39571,1182],{"class":63},[49,39573,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,39575,105],{"class":104},[49,39577,108],{"class":63},[49,39579,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39581,108],{"class":63},[49,39583,3039],{"class":3281},[49,39585,1182],{"class":63},[20,39587,275],{},[40,39589,39591],{"className":42,"code":39590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39592,39593,39597,39602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39594,39595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39596,1911],{"class":67},[49,39598,39599],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39600,39601],{"class":67},"3.14\n",[49,39603,39604],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,39605,39606],{"class":67},"1.0\n",[20,39608,120,39609,39611],{},[15,39610,2316],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[35,39613,39615],{"id":39614},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39617,39618,39620],{},[15,39619,2316],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39622,39623],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[137,39625,39626,39630,39634],{},[140,39627,39628],{},[15,39629,1923],{},[140,39631,39632],{},[15,39633,39567],{},[140,39635,39636],{},[15,39637,39638],{},"0.5",[20,39640,39641],{},"A few key points:",[137,39643,39644,39651,39654,39657],{},[140,39645,39646,39648,39649],{},[15,39647,2316],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39650,1625],{},[140,39652,39653],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[140,39655,39656],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[140,39658,39659,39660],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[308,39661,39662],{"href":7652},[15,39663,2390],{},[20,39665,761],{},[40,39667,39669],{"className":42,"code":39668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39670,39671,39691,39701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39672,39673,39675,39677,39680,39682,39684,39687,39689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39674,1650],{"class":55},[49,39676,60],{"class":59},[49,39678,39679],{"class":1174}," float",[49,39681,108],{"class":63},[49,39683,347],{"class":346},[49,39685,39686],{"class":350},"2.75",[49,39688,347],{"class":346},[49,39690,272],{"class":63},[49,39692,39693,39695,39697,39699],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39694,105],{"class":104},[49,39696,108],{"class":63},[49,39698,1672],{"class":94},[49,39700,272],{"class":63},[49,39702,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,39704,105],{"class":104},[49,39706,108],{"class":63},[49,39708,1175],{"class":1174},[49,39710,108],{"class":63},[49,39712,1672],{"class":94},[49,39714,1182],{"class":63},[20,39716,275],{},[40,39718,39720],{"className":42,"code":39719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39721,39722,39727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39723,39724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39725,39726],{"class":67},"2.75\n",[49,39728,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39730,2723],{"class":59},[49,39732,2726],{"class":1497},[49,39734,2729],{"class":346},[49,39736,1625],{"class":350},[49,39738,2734],{"class":346},[49,39740,2737],{"class":59},[35,39742,164],{"id":163},[20,39744,6652],{},[40,39746,39748],{"className":42,"code":39747,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"float(value)\n",[15,39749,39750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39751,39752,39754,39756,39758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39753,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39755,108],{"class":63},[49,39757,1904],{"class":94},[49,39759,272],{"class":63},[20,39761,39762,39763,91],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39764,2316],{},[20,39766,39767,39768,39770,39771,135],{},"If you call ",[15,39769,2316],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39772,3199],{},[40,39774,39776],{"className":42,"code":39775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float())\n",[15,39777,39778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39779,39780,39782,39784,39786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39781,105],{"class":104},[49,39783,108],{"class":63},[49,39785,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39787,6628],{"class":63},[20,39789,275],{},[40,39791,39793],{"className":42,"code":39792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0.0\n",[15,39794,39795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39796,39797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39798,39792],{"class":67},[20,39800,39801],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[40,39803,39805],{"className":42,"code":39804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39806,39807,39827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39808,39809,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39823,39825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39810,39811],{"class":55},"price ",[49,39813,60],{"class":59},[49,39815,39679],{"class":1174},[49,39817,108],{"class":63},[49,39819,347],{"class":346},[49,39821,39822],{"class":350},"19.99",[49,39824,347],{"class":346},[49,39826,272],{"class":63},[49,39828,39829,39831,39833,39835],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39830,105],{"class":104},[49,39832,108],{"class":63},[49,39834,24572],{"class":94},[49,39836,272],{"class":63},[35,39838,39840],{"id":39839},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39842,39843,39845],{},[15,39844,2316],{}," can convert several common value types.",[528,39847,39849],{"id":39848},"integers","Integers",[20,39851,39852,39853,39856],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39854,39855],{},".0"," added:",[40,39858,39860],{"className":42,"code":39859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39861,39862,39876],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39863,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39865,105],{"class":104},[49,39867,108],{"class":63},[49,39869,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39871,108],{"class":63},[49,39873,1569],{"class":67},[49,39875,1182],{"class":63},[49,39877,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888,39890],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39879,105],{"class":104},[49,39881,108],{"class":63},[49,39883,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39885,108],{"class":63},[49,39887,1453],{"class":59},[49,39889,1488],{"class":67},[49,39891,1182],{"class":63},[20,39893,275],{},[40,39895,39897],{"className":42,"code":39896,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39898,39899,39903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39900,39901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39902,1911],{"class":67},[49,39904,39905,39907],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39906,1453],{"class":59},[49,39908,39909],{"class":67},"2.0\n",[528,39911,39913],{"id":39912},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39915,39916],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[40,39918,39920],{"className":42,"code":39919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39921,39922,39940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39923,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39925,105],{"class":104},[49,39927,108],{"class":63},[49,39929,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39931,108],{"class":63},[49,39933,347],{"class":346},[49,39935,39567],{"class":350},[49,39937,347],{"class":346},[49,39939,1182],{"class":63},[49,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39943,105],{"class":104},[49,39945,108],{"class":63},[49,39947,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39949,108],{"class":63},[49,39951,347],{"class":346},[49,39953,221],{"class":350},[49,39955,347],{"class":346},[49,39957,1182],{"class":63},[20,39959,275],{},[40,39961,39963],{"className":42,"code":39962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39964,39965,39969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39966,39967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39968,39601],{"class":67},[49,39970,39971],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,39972,39973],{"class":67},"10.0\n",[528,39975,39977],{"id":39976},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39979,39980],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[40,39982,39984],{"className":42,"code":39983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39985,39986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40001,40003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39989,105],{"class":104},[49,39991,108],{"class":63},[49,39993,1625],{"class":1174},[49,39995,108],{"class":63},[49,39997,347],{"class":346},[49,39999,40000],{"class":350},"  8.5  ",[49,40002,347],{"class":346},[49,40004,1182],{"class":63},[20,40006,275],{},[40,40008,40010],{"className":42,"code":40009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8.5\n",[15,40011,40012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40013,40014],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40015,40009],{"class":67},[528,40017,40019],{"id":40018},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40021,40022],{},"Boolean values also work:",[40,40024,40026],{"className":42,"code":40025,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40027,40028,40042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40029,40030,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40031,105],{"class":104},[49,40033,108],{"class":63},[49,40035,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40037,108],{"class":63},[49,40039,3039],{"class":3281},[49,40041,1182],{"class":63},[49,40043,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40045,105],{"class":104},[49,40047,108],{"class":63},[49,40049,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40051,108],{"class":63},[49,40053,3105],{"class":3281},[49,40055,1182],{"class":63},[20,40057,275],{},[40,40059,40061],{"className":42,"code":40060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40062,40063,40067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40064,40065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40066,39606],{"class":67},[49,40068,40069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40070,39792],{"class":67},[528,40072,40074],{"id":40073},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40076,40077,40078,40080],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40079,2316],{}," returns a float version of it:",[40,40082,40084],{"className":42,"code":40083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40085,40086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40087,40088,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40089,105],{"class":104},[49,40091,108],{"class":63},[49,40093,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40095,108],{"class":63},[49,40097,1794],{"class":67},[49,40099,1182],{"class":63},[20,40101,275],{},[40,40103,40104],{"className":42,"code":1818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,40105,40106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40107,40108],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40109,1818],{"class":67},[35,40111,40113],{"id":40112},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40115,40116,40117,91],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40118,2316],{},[528,40120,40122],{"id":40121},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40124,40125,40126,135],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40127,40128],{},"ValueError",[40,40130,40132],{"className":42,"code":40131,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40133,40134],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40135,40136,40138,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40137,105],{"class":104},[49,40139,108],{"class":63},[49,40141,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40143,108],{"class":63},[49,40145,347],{"class":346},[49,40147,1121],{"class":350},[49,40149,347],{"class":346},[49,40151,1182],{"class":63},[20,40153,29104],{},[40,40155,40157],{"className":42,"code":40156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40158,40159],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40160,40161,40163,40165,40168,40170,40173,40175,40177,40179,40181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40162,40128],{"class":1174},[49,40164,135],{"class":63},[49,40166,40167],{"class":55}," could ",[49,40169,329],{"class":59},[49,40171,40172],{"class":55}," convert string to ",[49,40174,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40176,135],{"class":63},[49,40178,2729],{"class":346},[49,40180,1121],{"class":350},[49,40182,29123],{"class":346},[20,40184,40185],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[40,40187,40189],{"className":42,"code":40188,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40190,40191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40192,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40194,105],{"class":104},[49,40196,108],{"class":63},[49,40198,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40200,108],{"class":63},[49,40202,5705],{"class":346},[49,40204,1182],{"class":63},[528,40206,40208],{"id":40207},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40210,40211],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[40,40213,40215],{"className":42,"code":40214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40216,40217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40218,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40220,105],{"class":104},[49,40222,108],{"class":63},[49,40224,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40226,2418],{"class":63},[49,40228,68],{"class":67},[49,40230,71],{"class":63},[49,40232,74],{"class":67},[49,40234,71],{"class":63},[49,40236,79],{"class":67},[49,40238,2431],{"class":63},[20,40240,29104],{},[40,40242,40244],{"className":42,"code":40243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40245,40246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40247,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256,40259,40262,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40249,2437],{"class":1174},[49,40251,135],{"class":63},[49,40253,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40255,6800],{"class":63},[49,40257,40258],{"class":55}," argument must be a string ",[49,40260,40261],{"class":59},"or",[49,40263,40264],{"class":55}," a real number",[49,40266,71],{"class":63},[49,40268,7532],{"class":59},[49,40270,2729],{"class":346},[49,40272,7526],{"class":350},[49,40274,29123],{"class":346},[528,40276,40278],{"id":40277},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40280,40281],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[40,40283,40285],{"className":42,"code":40284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40286,40287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40288,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40302,40304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40290,105],{"class":104},[49,40292,108],{"class":63},[49,40294,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40296,108],{"class":63},[49,40298,347],{"class":346},[49,40300,40301],{"class":350},"3,14",[49,40303,347],{"class":346},[49,40305,1182],{"class":63},[20,40307,2434,40308,91],{},[15,40309,40128],{},[20,40311,40312,40313,618,40317,91],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[308,40314,40316],{"href":40315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[308,40318,40320],{"href":40319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[35,40322,315],{"id":314},[20,40324,40325,40327],{},[15,40326,2316],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40329,326,40330,40332],{},[30,40331,329],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40334,761],{},[40,40336,40338],{"className":42,"code":40337,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40339,40340,40353,40367,40371,40381,40391,40405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40341,40342,40344,40346,40348,40351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40343,1114],{"class":55},[49,40345,60],{"class":59},[49,40347,357],{"class":346},[49,40349,40350],{"class":350},"6.5",[49,40352,1124],{"class":346},[49,40354,40355,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40356,1650],{"class":55},[49,40358,60],{"class":59},[49,40360,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40362,108],{"class":63},[49,40364,1129],{"class":94},[49,40366,272],{"class":63},[49,40368,40369],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40370,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,40372,40373,40375,40377,40379],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40374,105],{"class":104},[49,40376,108],{"class":63},[49,40378,1129],{"class":94},[49,40380,272],{"class":63},[49,40382,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,40384,105],{"class":104},[49,40386,108],{"class":63},[49,40388,1672],{"class":94},[49,40390,272],{"class":63},[49,40392,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,40394,105],{"class":104},[49,40396,108],{"class":63},[49,40398,1175],{"class":1174},[49,40400,108],{"class":63},[49,40402,1129],{"class":94},[49,40404,1182],{"class":63},[49,40406,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,40408,105],{"class":104},[49,40410,108],{"class":63},[49,40412,1175],{"class":1174},[49,40414,108],{"class":63},[49,40416,1672],{"class":94},[49,40418,1182],{"class":63},[20,40420,275],{},[40,40422,40424],{"className":42,"code":40423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40425,40426,40431,40435,40449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40427,40428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40429,40430],{"class":67},"6.5\n",[49,40432,40433],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40434,40430],{"class":67},[49,40436,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40438,2723],{"class":59},[49,40440,2726],{"class":1497},[49,40442,2729],{"class":346},[49,40444,2877],{"class":350},[49,40446,2734],{"class":346},[49,40448,2737],{"class":59},[49,40450,40451,40453,40455,40457,40459,40461],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40452,2723],{"class":59},[49,40454,2726],{"class":1497},[49,40456,2729],{"class":346},[49,40458,1625],{"class":350},[49,40460,2734],{"class":346},[49,40462,2737],{"class":59},[20,40464,40465],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[35,40467,40469],{"id":40468},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[528,40471,40473,40474,40476],{"id":40472},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40475,2390],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40478,1409,40479,40483,40484,91],{},[308,40480,40481,1735],{"href":7652},[15,40482,2390],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40485,2316],{},[40,40487,40489],{"className":42,"code":40488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40490,40491,40510,40524,40528],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40492,40493,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503,40506,40508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40494,7670],{"class":55},[49,40496,60],{"class":59},[49,40498,7675],{"class":104},[49,40500,108],{"class":63},[49,40502,347],{"class":346},[49,40504,40505],{"class":350},"Enter a price: ",[49,40507,347],{"class":346},[49,40509,272],{"class":63},[49,40511,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40513,39811],{"class":55},[49,40515,60],{"class":59},[49,40517,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40519,108],{"class":63},[49,40521,7699],{"class":94},[49,40523,272],{"class":63},[49,40525,40526],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40527,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,40529,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40531,105],{"class":104},[49,40533,108],{"class":63},[49,40535,39811],{"class":94},[49,40537,39296],{"class":59},[49,40539,74],{"class":67},[49,40541,272],{"class":63},[20,40543,40544,40545,40548],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40546,40547],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[40,40550,40552],{"className":42,"code":40551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"9.0\n",[15,40553,40554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40555,40556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40557,40551],{"class":67},[20,40559,40560,40561,91],{},"For more help with this, see ",[308,40562,8412],{"href":8411},[528,40564,40566],{"id":40565},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[40,40568,40570],{"className":42,"code":40569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40571,40572,40585,40598,40602,40627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40573,40574,40576,40578,40580,40583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40575,543],{"class":55},[49,40577,60],{"class":59},[49,40579,357],{"class":346},[49,40581,40582],{"class":350},"2.5",[49,40584,1124],{"class":346},[49,40586,40587,40589,40591,40593,40596],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40588,564],{"class":55},[49,40590,60],{"class":59},[49,40592,357],{"class":346},[49,40594,40595],{"class":350},"1.5",[49,40597,1124],{"class":346},[49,40599,40600],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40601,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,40603,40604,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40605,40606],{"class":55},"total ",[49,40608,60],{"class":59},[49,40610,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40612,108],{"class":63},[49,40614,308],{"class":94},[49,40616,113],{"class":63},[49,40618,1885],{"class":59},[49,40620,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40622,108],{"class":63},[49,40624,360],{"class":94},[49,40626,272],{"class":63},[49,40628,40629,40631,40633,40636],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,40630,105],{"class":104},[49,40632,108],{"class":63},[49,40634,40635],{"class":94},"total",[49,40637,272],{"class":63},[20,40639,275],{},[40,40641,40643],{"className":42,"code":40642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.0\n",[15,40644,40645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40646,40647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40648,40642],{"class":67},[528,40650,40652],{"id":40651},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40654,40655],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[40,40657,40659],{"className":42,"code":40658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40660,40661,40671,40686,40690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40662,40663,40666,40668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40664,40665],{"class":55},"count ",[49,40667,60],{"class":59},[49,40669,40670],{"class":67}," 7\n",[49,40672,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40684],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40674,382],{"class":55},[49,40676,60],{"class":59},[49,40678,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40680,108],{"class":63},[49,40682,40683],{"class":94},"count",[49,40685,272],{"class":63},[49,40687,40688],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40689,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,40691,40692,40694,40696,40698],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40693,105],{"class":104},[49,40695,108],{"class":63},[49,40697,420],{"class":94},[49,40699,272],{"class":63},[20,40701,275],{},[40,40703,40705],{"className":42,"code":40704,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.0\n",[15,40706,40707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40708,40709],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40710,40704],{"class":67},[528,40712,40714],{"id":40713},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40716,40717,40718,40720],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40719,2316],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[40,40722,40724],{"className":42,"code":40723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40725,40726,40740,40756,40760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40727,40728,40731,40733,40735,40738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40729,40730],{"class":55},"temperature_text ",[49,40732,60],{"class":59},[49,40734,357],{"class":346},[49,40736,40737],{"class":350},"21.8",[49,40739,1124],{"class":346},[49,40741,40742,40745,40747,40749,40751,40754],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40743,40744],{"class":55},"temperature ",[49,40746,60],{"class":59},[49,40748,39679],{"class":1174},[49,40750,108],{"class":63},[49,40752,40753],{"class":94},"temperature_text",[49,40755,272],{"class":63},[49,40757,40758],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,40759,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,40761,40762,40764,40766,40769],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,40763,105],{"class":104},[49,40765,108],{"class":63},[49,40767,40768],{"class":94},"temperature",[49,40770,272],{"class":63},[35,40772,40774],{"id":40773},"special-values","Special values",[20,40776,40777,40779],{},[15,40778,2316],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[528,40781,40783],{"id":40782},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[40,40785,40787],{"className":42,"code":40786,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40788,40789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40790,40791,40793,40795,40797,40799,40801,40804,40806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40792,105],{"class":104},[49,40794,108],{"class":63},[49,40796,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40798,108],{"class":63},[49,40800,347],{"class":346},[49,40802,40803],{"class":350},"inf",[49,40805,347],{"class":346},[49,40807,1182],{"class":63},[20,40809,275],{},[40,40811,40813],{"className":42,"code":40812,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"inf\n",[15,40814,40815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40816,40817],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40818,40812],{"class":55},[528,40820,40822],{"id":40821},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[40,40824,40826],{"className":42,"code":40825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40827,40828],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40829,40830,40832,40834,40836,40838,40840,40843,40845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40831,105],{"class":104},[49,40833,108],{"class":63},[49,40835,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40837,108],{"class":63},[49,40839,347],{"class":346},[49,40841,40842],{"class":350},"-inf",[49,40844,347],{"class":346},[49,40846,1182],{"class":63},[20,40848,275],{},[40,40850,40852],{"className":42,"code":40851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-inf\n",[15,40853,40854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40855,40856,40858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40857,1453],{"class":59},[49,40859,40812],{"class":55},[528,40861,40863],{"id":40862},"not-a-number","Not a number",[40,40865,40867],{"className":42,"code":40866,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40868,40869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40870,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879,40881,40884,40886],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40872,105],{"class":104},[49,40874,108],{"class":63},[49,40876,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40878,108],{"class":63},[49,40880,347],{"class":346},[49,40882,40883],{"class":350},"nan",[49,40885,347],{"class":346},[49,40887,1182],{"class":63},[20,40889,275],{},[40,40891,40893],{"className":42,"code":40892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nan\n",[15,40894,40895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40896,40897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40898,40892],{"class":55},[20,40900,40901],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[137,40903,40904,40909,40914],{},[140,40905,40906,40908],{},[15,40907,40803],{}," means positive infinity",[140,40910,40911,40913],{},[15,40912,40842],{}," means negative infinity",[140,40915,40916,40918],{},[15,40917,40883],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40920,40921,40922,40924],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40923,2316],{}," accepts them.",[35,40926,40928],{"id":40927},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40930,40931,40932,40934],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40933,2316],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[528,40936,40128],{"id":40937},"valueerror",[20,40939,14610,40940,40942],{},[15,40941,40128],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40944,40945],{},"Common causes:",[137,40947,40948,40954,40957,40960],{},[140,40949,40950,40951],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40952,40953],{},"\"abc\"",[140,40955,40956],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[140,40958,40959],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[140,40961,4135,40962],{},[308,40963,40964,40966],{"href":7652},[15,40965,2390],{}," returns a string",[20,40968,761],{},[40,40970,40972],{"className":42,"code":40971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40973,40974,40987],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40975,40976,40978,40980,40982,40985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40977,1878],{"class":55},[49,40979,60],{"class":59},[49,40981,357],{"class":346},[49,40983,40984],{"class":350},"abc",[49,40986,1124],{"class":346},[49,40988,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,40990,105],{"class":104},[49,40992,108],{"class":63},[49,40994,1625],{"class":1174},[49,40996,108],{"class":63},[49,40998,1904],{"class":94},[49,41000,1182],{"class":63},[528,41002,2437],{"id":41003},"typeerror",[20,41005,14610,41006,41008],{},[15,41007,2437],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41010,40945],{},[137,41012,41013,41016,41019],{},[140,41014,41015],{},"Passing a list",[140,41017,41018],{},"Passing a dictionary",[140,41020,41021],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41023,761],{},[40,41025,41027],{"className":42,"code":41026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41028,41029,41054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41030,41031,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41050,41052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41032,1878],{"class":55},[49,41034,60],{"class":59},[49,41036,9923],{"class":63},[49,41038,347],{"class":346},[49,41040,24572],{"class":350},[49,41042,347],{"class":346},[49,41044,135],{"class":63},[49,41046,357],{"class":346},[49,41048,41049],{"class":350},"9.99",[49,41051,347],{"class":346},[49,41053,8741],{"class":63},[49,41055,41056,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41057,105],{"class":104},[49,41059,108],{"class":63},[49,41061,1625],{"class":1174},[49,41063,108],{"class":63},[49,41065,1904],{"class":94},[49,41067,1182],{"class":63},[528,41069,41071],{"id":41070},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41073,41074,41075,41078],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41076,41077],{},"strip()"," can help:",[40,41080,41082],{"className":42,"code":41081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41083,41084,41097,41112,41116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41085,41086,41088,41090,41092,41095],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41087,1878],{"class":55},[49,41089,60],{"class":59},[49,41091,357],{"class":346},[49,41093,41094],{"class":350},"  7.25  ",[49,41096,1124],{"class":346},[49,41098,41099,41102,41104,41106,41108,41110],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41100,41101],{"class":55},"clean_value ",[49,41103,60],{"class":59},[49,41105,7864],{"class":55},[49,41107,91],{"class":63},[49,41109,8065],{"class":94},[49,41111,98],{"class":63},[49,41113,41114],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41115,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,41117,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126,41129],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,41119,105],{"class":104},[49,41121,108],{"class":63},[49,41123,1625],{"class":1174},[49,41125,108],{"class":63},[49,41127,41128],{"class":94},"clean_value",[49,41130,1182],{"class":63},[20,41132,275],{},[40,41134,41136],{"className":42,"code":41135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.25\n",[15,41137,41138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41139,41140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41141,41135],{"class":67},[528,41143,41145],{"id":41144},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41147,41148],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[40,41150,41152],{"className":42,"code":41151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41153,41154,41167,41171,41181,41195,41210,41214,41228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41155,41156,41158,41160,41162,41165],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41157,1878],{"class":55},[49,41159,60],{"class":59},[49,41161,357],{"class":346},[49,41163,41164],{"class":350}," 3.5 ",[49,41166,1124],{"class":346},[49,41168,41169],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41170,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,41172,41173,41175,41177,41179],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41174,105],{"class":104},[49,41176,108],{"class":63},[49,41178,1904],{"class":94},[49,41180,272],{"class":63},[49,41182,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191,41193],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,41184,105],{"class":104},[49,41186,108],{"class":63},[49,41188,1175],{"class":1174},[49,41190,108],{"class":63},[49,41192,1904],{"class":94},[49,41194,1182],{"class":63},[49,41196,41197,41199,41201,41204,41206,41208],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,41198,105],{"class":104},[49,41200,108],{"class":63},[49,41202,41203],{"class":104},"repr",[49,41205,108],{"class":63},[49,41207,1904],{"class":94},[49,41209,1182],{"class":63},[49,41211,41212],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,41213,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,41215,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,41217,41101],{"class":55},[49,41219,60],{"class":59},[49,41221,7864],{"class":55},[49,41223,91],{"class":63},[49,41225,8065],{"class":94},[49,41227,98],{"class":63},[49,41229,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41240],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,41231,105],{"class":104},[49,41233,108],{"class":63},[49,41235,1625],{"class":1174},[49,41237,108],{"class":63},[49,41239,41128],{"class":94},[49,41241,1182],{"class":63},[20,41243,41244],{},"Why this helps:",[137,41246,41247,41253,41258,41264],{},[140,41248,41249,41252],{},[15,41250,41251],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[140,41254,41255,20789],{},[15,41256,41257],{},"print(type(value))",[140,41259,41260,41263],{},[15,41261,41262],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[140,41265,41266,41268],{},[15,41267,41077],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[528,41270,41272],{"id":41271},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41274,41275],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[40,41277,41279],{"className":42,"code":41278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41280,41281,41300,41304,41310,41325,41344,41353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41282,41283,41285,41287,41289,41291,41293,41296,41298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41284,1878],{"class":55},[49,41286,60],{"class":59},[49,41288,7675],{"class":104},[49,41290,108],{"class":63},[49,41292,347],{"class":346},[49,41294,41295],{"class":350},"Enter a number: ",[49,41297,347],{"class":346},[49,41299,272],{"class":63},[49,41301,41302],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41303,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,41305,41306,41308],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41307,29227],{"class":3306},[49,41309,5826],{"class":63},[49,41311,41312,41315,41317,41319,41321,41323],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,41313,41314],{"class":55},"    number ",[49,41316,60],{"class":59},[49,41318,39679],{"class":1174},[49,41320,108],{"class":63},[49,41322,1904],{"class":94},[49,41324,272],{"class":63},[49,41326,41327,41329,41331,41333,41336,41338,41340,41342],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,41328,7501],{"class":104},[49,41330,108],{"class":63},[49,41332,347],{"class":346},[49,41334,41335],{"class":350},"Converted:",[49,41337,347],{"class":346},[49,41339,71],{"class":63},[49,41341,1630],{"class":94},[49,41343,272],{"class":63},[49,41345,41346,41348,41351],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,41347,29258],{"class":3306},[49,41349,41350],{"class":1174}," ValueError",[49,41352,5826],{"class":63},[49,41354,41355,41357,41359,41361,41364,41366],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,41356,7501],{"class":104},[49,41358,108],{"class":63},[49,41360,347],{"class":346},[49,41362,41363],{"class":350},"That is not a valid number.",[49,41365,347],{"class":346},[49,41367,272],{"class":63},[20,41369,41370,41371,91],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[308,41372,40320],{"href":40319},[35,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41378,615,41379,618,41381,41383],{},[15,41380,2316],{},[15,41382,2309],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41385,41386,41388],{},[15,41387,2316],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[40,41390,41392],{"className":42,"code":41391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41393,41394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41395,41396,41398,41400,41402,41404,41406,41409,41411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41397,105],{"class":104},[49,41399,108],{"class":63},[49,41401,1625],{"class":1174},[49,41403,108],{"class":63},[49,41405,347],{"class":346},[49,41407,41408],{"class":350},"3.9",[49,41410,347],{"class":346},[49,41412,1182],{"class":63},[20,41414,275],{},[40,41416,41418],{"className":42,"code":41417,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.9\n",[15,41419,41420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41421,41422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41423,41417],{"class":67},[20,41425,41426,41428],{},[15,41427,2309],{}," creates whole numbers:",[40,41430,41432],{"className":42,"code":41431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41433,41434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41435,41436,41438,41440,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41437,105],{"class":104},[49,41439,108],{"class":63},[49,41441,1621],{"class":1174},[49,41443,108],{"class":63},[49,41445,347],{"class":346},[49,41447,221],{"class":350},[49,41449,347],{"class":346},[49,41451,1182],{"class":63},[20,41453,275],{},[40,41455,41456],{"className":42,"code":1808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,41457,41458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41459,41460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41461,1808],{"class":67},[20,41463,41464,41465,41468],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41466,41467],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[40,41470,41472],{"className":42,"code":41471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41473,41474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41475,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41488,41490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41477,105],{"class":104},[49,41479,108],{"class":63},[49,41481,1621],{"class":1174},[49,41483,108],{"class":63},[49,41485,347],{"class":346},[49,41487,41408],{"class":350},[49,41489,347],{"class":346},[49,41491,1182],{"class":63},[20,41493,2434,41494,8032,41496,41499],{},[15,41495,40128],{},[15,41497,41498],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41501,10145],{},[137,41503,41504,41510],{},[140,41505,41506,41509],{},[15,41507,41508],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[140,41511,41512,41514],{},[15,41513,41467],{}," fails",[20,41516,41517,41518,41521,41522,41524],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[308,41519,41520],{"href":2306},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[308,41523,1851],{"href":1850}," helpful.",[35,41526,1253],{"id":1252},[528,41528,41530],{"id":41529},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41532,41533,41534,2310,41536,91],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41535,1923],{},[15,41537,39567],{},[528,41539,41541],{"id":41540},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41543,41544,41545,2310,41548,91],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41546,41547],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41549,41550],{},"\"10\"",[528,41552,41554],{"id":41553},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41556,28484,41557,41559,41560,91],{},[15,41558,40953],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41561,40128],{},[528,41563,41565],{"id":41564},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41567,4579,41568,91],{},[15,41569,3199],{},[528,41571,41573],{"id":41572},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41575,41576,41577,483,41579,618,41582,483,41584,91],{},"Yes. ",[15,41578,3039],{},[15,41580,41581],{},"1.0",[15,41583,3105],{},[15,41585,3199],{},[35,41587,1309],{"id":1308},[137,41589,41590,41594,41600,41605,41609,41613],{},[140,41591,41592],{},[308,41593,41520],{"href":2306},[140,41595,41596],{},[308,41597,41599],{"href":41598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[140,41601,41602],{},[308,41603,41604],{"href":40315},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[140,41606,41607],{},[308,41608,8489],{"href":8411},[140,41610,41611],{},[308,41612,40320],{"href":40319},[140,41614,41615],{},[308,41616,41617],{"href":7652},"Python input() Function Explained",[1352,41619,41620],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":41622},[41623,41624,41625,41626,41633,41638,41639,41646,41651,41658,41659,41666],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":39614,"depth":85,"text":39615},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":39839,"depth":85,"text":39840,"children":41627},[41628,41629,41630,41631,41632],{"id":39848,"depth":101,"text":39849},{"id":39912,"depth":101,"text":39913},{"id":39976,"depth":101,"text":39977},{"id":40018,"depth":101,"text":40019},{"id":40073,"depth":101,"text":40074},{"id":40112,"depth":85,"text":40113,"children":41634},[41635,41636,41637],{"id":40121,"depth":101,"text":40122},{"id":40207,"depth":101,"text":40208},{"id":40277,"depth":101,"text":40278},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":40468,"depth":85,"text":40469,"children":41640},[41641,41643,41644,41645],{"id":40472,"depth":101,"text":41642},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40565,"depth":101,"text":40566},{"id":40651,"depth":101,"text":40652},{"id":40713,"depth":101,"text":40714},{"id":40773,"depth":85,"text":40774,"children":41647},[41648,41649,41650],{"id":40782,"depth":101,"text":40783},{"id":40821,"depth":101,"text":40822},{"id":40862,"depth":101,"text":40863},{"id":40927,"depth":85,"text":40928,"children":41652},[41653,41654,41655,41656,41657],{"id":40937,"depth":101,"text":40128},{"id":41003,"depth":101,"text":2437},{"id":41070,"depth":101,"text":41071},{"id":41144,"depth":101,"text":41145},{"id":41271,"depth":101,"text":41272},{"id":41375,"depth":85,"text":41376},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":41660},[41661,41662,41663,41664,41665],{"id":41529,"depth":101,"text":41530},{"id":41540,"depth":101,"text":41541},{"id":41553,"depth":101,"text":41554},{"id":41564,"depth":101,"text":41565},{"id":41572,"depth":101,"text":41573},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39515,"description":41667},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41674,"title":41675,"body":41676,"description":42897,"extension":1392,"meta":42898,"navigation":243,"path":34445,"seo":42899,"stem":42900,"__hash__":42901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41677,"toc":42863},[41678,41681,41686,41689,41691,41730,41744,41748,41753,41756,41773,41776,41786,41801,41804,41806,41809,41825,41828,41831,41851,41855,41866,41869,41873,41877,41891,41926,41930,41941,41976,41979,41981,41989,42022,42038,42040,42050,42071,42082,42084,42089,42092,42106,42108,42127,42130,42143,42146,42150,42154,42168,42171,42189,42192,42207,42211,42216,42230,42236,42238,42295,42297,42330,42333,42349,42353,42360,42364,42369,42372,42383,42387,42392,42407,42416,42421,42440,42443,42455,42457,42462,42472,42475,42504,42509,42518,42522,42527,42530,42534,42539,42541,42571,42574,42581,42586,42591,42595,42598,42606,42609,42687,42690,42712,42714,42718,42721,42725,42731,42794,42798,42806,42810,42813,42815,42840,42860],[10,41679,41675],{"id":41680},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41682,3017,41683,41685],{},[15,41684,34448],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41687,41688],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[35,41690,1434],{"id":1433},[40,41692,41694],{"className":42,"code":41693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41695,41696,41706,41716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41697,41698,41700,41702,41704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41699,31575],{"class":104},[49,41701,108],{"class":63},[49,41703,10592],{"class":104},[49,41705,272],{"class":63},[49,41707,41708,41710,41712,41714],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41709,31575],{"class":104},[49,41711,108],{"class":63},[49,41713,2877],{"class":1174},[49,41715,272],{"class":63},[49,41717,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41719,31575],{"class":104},[49,41721,108],{"class":63},[49,41723,2734],{"class":346},[49,41725,34081],{"class":350},[49,41727,2734],{"class":346},[49,41729,272],{"class":63},[20,41731,120,41732,41734,41735,2310,41737,41739,41740,41743],{},[15,41733,34448],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41736,10592],{},[15,41738,2877],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41741,41742],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[35,41745,41747],{"id":41746},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41749,41750,41752],{},[15,41751,34448],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41754,41755],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[137,41757,41758,41761,41764,41767,41770],{},[140,41759,41760],{},"Functions",[140,41762,41763],{},"Classes",[140,41765,41766],{},"Methods",[140,41768,41769],{},"Modules",[140,41771,41772],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41774,41775],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41777,41778,41779,41785],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[308,41780,41782],{"href":41781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41783,41784],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[40,41787,41789],{"className":42,"code":41788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\n",[15,41790,41791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41792,41793,41795,41797,41799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41794,31575],{"class":104},[49,41796,108],{"class":63},[49,41798,10592],{"class":104},[49,41800,272],{"class":63},[20,41802,41803],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[35,41805,164],{"id":163},[20,41807,41808],{},"The main form is:",[40,41810,41812],{"className":42,"code":41811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(object)\n",[15,41813,41814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41815,41816,41818,41820,41823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41817,31575],{"class":104},[49,41819,108],{"class":63},[49,41821,41822],{"class":1174},"object",[49,41824,272],{"class":63},[20,41826,41827],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41829,41830],{},"Common examples include:",[137,41832,41833,41837,41842,41846],{},[140,41834,41835],{},[15,41836,10592],{},[140,41838,41839],{},[15,41840,41841],{},"list.append",[140,41843,41844],{},[15,41845,2877],{},[140,41847,41848],{},[15,41849,41850],{},"open",[20,41852,6609,41853,6612],{},[15,41854,34448],{},[40,41856,41858],{"className":42,"code":41857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help()\n",[15,41859,41860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41861,41862,41864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41863,31575],{"class":104},[49,41865,98],{"class":63},[20,41867,41868],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[35,41870,41872],{"id":41871},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[528,41874,41876],{"id":41875},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41878,41879,41880,1622,41882,1622,41884,16495,41887,91],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41881,10592],{},[15,41883,105],{},[15,41885,41886],{},"input",[308,41888,41889],{"href":1731},[15,41890,1734],{},[40,41892,41894],{"className":42,"code":41893,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41895,41896,41906,41916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41897,41898,41900,41902,41904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41899,31575],{"class":104},[49,41901,108],{"class":63},[49,41903,105],{"class":104},[49,41905,272],{"class":63},[49,41907,41908,41910,41912,41914],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41909,31575],{"class":104},[49,41911,108],{"class":63},[49,41913,41886],{"class":104},[49,41915,272],{"class":63},[49,41917,41918,41920,41922,41924],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41919,31575],{"class":104},[49,41921,108],{"class":63},[49,41923,1175],{"class":1174},[49,41925,272],{"class":63},[528,41927,41929],{"id":41928},"data-types","Data types",[20,41931,41932,41933,1622,41935,1622,41937,16495,41939,91],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41934,2877],{},[15,41936,7526],{},[15,41938,8252],{},[15,41940,5720],{},[40,41942,41944],{"className":42,"code":41943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41945,41946,41956,41966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41947,41948,41950,41952,41954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41949,31575],{"class":104},[49,41951,108],{"class":63},[49,41953,2877],{"class":1174},[49,41955,272],{"class":63},[49,41957,41958,41960,41962,41964],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,41959,31575],{"class":104},[49,41961,108],{"class":63},[49,41963,7526],{"class":1174},[49,41965,272],{"class":63},[49,41967,41968,41970,41972,41974],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,41969,31575],{"class":104},[49,41971,108],{"class":63},[49,41973,8252],{"class":1174},[49,41975,272],{"class":63},[20,41977,41978],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[528,41980,41766],{"id":33928},[20,41982,41983,41984,618,41987,91],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41985,41986],{},"str.split",[15,41988,41841],{},[40,41990,41992],{"className":42,"code":41991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41993,41994,42008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41995,41996,41998,42000,42002,42004,42006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41997,31575],{"class":104},[49,41999,108],{"class":63},[49,42001,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42003,91],{"class":63},[49,42005,33891],{"class":915},[49,42007,272],{"class":63},[49,42009,42010,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42011,31575],{"class":104},[49,42013,108],{"class":63},[49,42015,7526],{"class":1174},[49,42017,91],{"class":63},[49,42019,12973],{"class":915},[49,42021,272],{"class":63},[20,42023,42024,42025,8135,42027,27737,42032,42034,42035,42037],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42026,34448],{},[308,42028,42030],{"href":42029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42031,33733],{},[15,42033,33733],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42036,34448],{}," explains one of them.",[528,42039,41769],{"id":34081},[20,42041,42042,42043,1622,42045,16495,42047,91],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42044,17839],{},[15,42046,34611],{},[15,42048,42049],{},"os",[40,42051,42053],{"className":42,"code":42052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42054,42055,42061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42056,42057,42059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42058,34512],{"class":3306},[49,42060,34515],{"class":55},[49,42062,42063,42065,42067,42069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42064,31575],{"class":104},[49,42066,108],{"class":63},[49,42068,17839],{"class":94},[49,42070,272],{"class":63},[20,42072,42073,42074,42078,42079,91],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[308,42075,42077],{"href":42076},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[308,42080,34578],{"href":42081},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[35,42083,34339],{"id":34338},[20,42085,42086,42088],{},[15,42087,34448],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42090,42091],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[137,42093,42094,42097,42100,42103],{},[140,42095,42096],{},"The function signature",[140,42098,42099],{},"The short description",[140,42101,42102],{},"Parameter names",[140,42104,42105],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42107,4904],{},[40,42109,42111],{"className":42,"code":42110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42112,42113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42114,42115,42117,42119,42121,42123,42125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42116,31575],{"class":104},[49,42118,108],{"class":63},[49,42120,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42122,91],{"class":63},[49,42124,33891],{"class":915},[49,42126,272],{"class":63},[20,42128,42129],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[137,42131,42132,42135,42138,42140],{},[140,42133,42134],{},"What object this is",[140,42136,42137],{},"What arguments it accepts",[140,42139,21392],{},[140,42141,42142],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42144,42145],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[35,42147,42149],{"id":42148},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42151,42152,29297],{},[15,42153,34448],{},[137,42155,42156,42159,42162,42165],{},[140,42157,42158],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[140,42160,42161],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[140,42163,42164],{},"You are exploring a new module",[140,42166,42167],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42169,42170],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[40,42172,42173],{"className":42,"code":42110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,42174,42175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42176,42177,42179,42181,42183,42185,42187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42178,31575],{"class":104},[49,42180,108],{"class":63},[49,42182,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42184,91],{"class":63},[49,42186,33891],{"class":915},[49,42188,272],{"class":63},[20,42190,42191],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[40,42193,42195],{"className":42,"code":42194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(open)\n",[15,42196,42197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42198,42199,42201,42203,42205],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42200,31575],{"class":104},[49,42202,108],{"class":63},[49,42204,41850],{"class":104},[49,42206,272],{"class":63},[35,42208,42210],{"id":42209},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42212,42213,42215],{},[15,42214,34448],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[137,42217,42218,42221,42224,42227],{},[140,42219,42220],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[140,42222,42223],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[140,42225,42226],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[140,42228,42229],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42231,42232,42233,42235],{},"So, ",[15,42234,34448],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42237,4904],{},[40,42239,42241],{"className":42,"code":42240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42242,42243,42256,42280,42284],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42244,42245,42247,42249,42251,42254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42246,1114],{"class":55},[49,42248,60],{"class":59},[49,42250,357],{"class":346},[49,42252,42253],{"class":350},"a,b,c",[49,42255,1124],{"class":346},[49,42257,42258,42261,42263,42266,42268,42270,42272,42274,42276,42278],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42259,42260],{"class":55},"parts ",[49,42262,60],{"class":59},[49,42264,42265],{"class":55}," text",[49,42267,91],{"class":63},[49,42269,33891],{"class":94},[49,42271,108],{"class":63},[49,42273,347],{"class":346},[49,42275,71],{"class":350},[49,42277,347],{"class":346},[49,42279,272],{"class":63},[49,42281,42282],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,42283,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,42285,42286,42288,42290,42293],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,42287,105],{"class":104},[49,42289,108],{"class":63},[49,42291,42292],{"class":94},"parts",[49,42294,272],{"class":63},[20,42296,4992],{},[40,42298,42300],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42301,42302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42303,42304,42306,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316,42318,42320,42322,42324,42326,42328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42305,938],{"class":63},[49,42307,2734],{"class":346},[49,42309,308],{"class":350},[49,42311,2734],{"class":346},[49,42313,71],{"class":63},[49,42315,2729],{"class":346},[49,42317,360],{"class":350},[49,42319,2734],{"class":346},[49,42321,71],{"class":63},[49,42323,2729],{"class":346},[49,42325,369],{"class":350},[49,42327,2734],{"class":346},[49,42329,82],{"class":63},[20,42331,42332],{},"A good workflow is:",[28136,42334,42335,42340,42343,42346],{},[140,42336,120,42337,42339],{},[15,42338,34448],{}," to inspect something",[140,42341,42342],{},"Write a tiny example",[140,42344,42345],{},"Check the result",[140,42347,42348],{},"Repeat",[35,42350,42352],{"id":42351},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42354,42355,618,42357,42359],{},[15,42356,34448],{},[15,42358,33733],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[528,42361,42362],{"id":31575},[15,42363,34448],{},[20,42365,120,42366,42368],{},[15,42367,34448],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42370,42371],{},"It tells you:",[137,42373,42374,42377,42380],{},[140,42375,42376],{},"What something is",[140,42378,42379],{},"How to use it",[140,42381,42382],{},"What parameters it accepts",[528,42384,42385],{"id":33794},[15,42386,33733],{},[20,42388,120,42389,42391],{},[15,42390,33733],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[40,42393,42395],{"className":42,"code":42394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dir(str)\n",[15,42396,42397],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42398,42399,42401,42403,42405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42400,33794],{"class":104},[49,42402,108],{"class":63},[49,42404,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42406,272],{"class":63},[20,42408,42409,42410,1622,42412,16495,42414,91],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42411,33891],{},[15,42413,8065],{},[15,42415,8071],{},[20,42417,42418,42419,135],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42420,34448],{},[40,42422,42424],{"className":42,"code":42423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42425,42426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42427,42428,42430,42432,42434,42436,42438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42429,31575],{"class":104},[49,42431,108],{"class":63},[49,42433,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42435,91],{"class":63},[49,42437,8071],{"class":915},[49,42439,272],{"class":63},[20,42441,42442],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[137,42444,42445,42450],{},[140,42446,120,42447,42449],{},[15,42448,33733],{}," to discover options",[140,42451,120,42452,42454],{},[15,42453,34448],{}," to understand one option",[35,42456,2261],{"id":2260},[20,42458,42459,42460,91],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42461,34448],{},[528,42463,1092,42465,42468,42469],{"id":42464},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42466,42467],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42470,42471],{},"help(len)",[20,42473,42474],{},"These are not always the same.",[40,42476,42478],{"className":42,"code":42477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42479,42480,42490],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42483,31575],{"class":104},[49,42485,108],{"class":63},[49,42487,10592],{"class":104},[49,42489,272],{"class":63},[49,42491,42492,42494,42496,42498,42500,42502],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42493,31575],{"class":104},[49,42495,108],{"class":63},[49,42497,2734],{"class":346},[49,42499,10592],{"class":350},[49,42501,2734],{"class":346},[49,42503,272],{"class":63},[20,42505,42506,42508],{},[15,42507,42471],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42510,42511,42513,42514,42517],{},[15,42512,42467],{}," treats ",[15,42515,42516],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[528,42519,42521],{"id":42520},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42523,42524,42526],{},[15,42525,34448],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42528,42529],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[528,42531,42533],{"id":42532},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42535,39767,42536,42538],{},[15,42537,34448],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42540,761],{},[40,42542,42544],{"className":42,"code":42543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42545,42546,42556],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42547,42548,42550,42552,42554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42549,31575],{"class":104},[49,42551,108],{"class":63},[49,42553,10592],{"class":104},[49,42555,272],{"class":63},[49,42557,42558,42560,42562,42564,42567,42569],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42559,105],{"class":104},[49,42561,108],{"class":63},[49,42563,347],{"class":346},[49,42565,42566],{"class":350},"Done",[49,42568,347],{"class":346},[49,42570,272],{"class":63},[20,42572,42573],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[528,42575,36627,42577,8135,42579],{"id":42576},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42578,34448],{},[15,42580,33733],{},[20,42582,42583,42584,91],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42585,33733],{},[20,42587,42588,42589,91],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42590,34448],{},[35,42592,42594],{"id":42593},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42596,42597],{},"Open Python:",[40,42599,42600],{"className":42,"code":34964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,42601,42602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42603,42604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42605,34964],{"class":55},[20,42607,42608],{},"Then test these commands:",[40,42610,42612],{"className":42,"code":42611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42613,42614,42624,42638,42652,42662,42677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42615,42616,42618,42620,42622],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42617,31575],{"class":104},[49,42619,108],{"class":63},[49,42621,10592],{"class":104},[49,42623,272],{"class":63},[49,42625,42626,42628,42630,42632,42634,42636],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42627,31575],{"class":104},[49,42629,108],{"class":63},[49,42631,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42633,91],{"class":63},[49,42635,33891],{"class":915},[49,42637,272],{"class":63},[49,42639,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648,42650],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,42641,31575],{"class":104},[49,42643,108],{"class":63},[49,42645,7526],{"class":1174},[49,42647,91],{"class":63},[49,42649,12973],{"class":915},[49,42651,272],{"class":63},[49,42653,42654,42656,42658,42660],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,42655,31575],{"class":104},[49,42657,108],{"class":63},[49,42659,41850],{"class":104},[49,42661,272],{"class":63},[49,42663,42664,42666,42668,42670,42673,42675],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,42665,31575],{"class":104},[49,42667,108],{"class":63},[49,42669,2734],{"class":346},[49,42671,42672],{"class":350},"keywords",[49,42674,2734],{"class":346},[49,42676,272],{"class":63},[49,42678,42679,42681,42683,42685],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,42680,33794],{"class":104},[49,42682,108],{"class":63},[49,42684,2877],{"class":1174},[49,42686,272],{"class":63},[20,42688,42689],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[137,42691,42692,42695,42698,42701,42704,42707],{},[140,42693,42694],{},"A built-in function",[140,42696,42697],{},"A string method",[140,42699,42700],{},"A list method",[140,42702,42703],{},"A built-in file function",[140,42705,42706],{},"A special help topic",[140,42708,14610,42709,42711],{},[15,42710,33733],{}," example for comparison",[35,42713,1253],{"id":1252},[528,42715,42717],{"id":42716},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42719,42720],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[528,42722,42724],{"id":42723},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42726,42727,42728,42730],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42729,34448],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[40,42732,42734],{"className":42,"code":42733,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42735,42736,42748,42761,42780,42784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42737,42738,42740,42742,42744,42746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42739,34272],{"class":1497},[49,42741,34276],{"class":34275},[49,42743,108],{"class":63},[49,42745,7103],{"class":37086},[49,42747,7773],{"class":63},[49,42749,42750,42754,42758],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42751,42753],{"class":42752},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[49,42755,42757],{"class":42756},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[49,42759,42760],{"class":42752},"\"\"\"\n",[49,42762,42763,42765,42768,42771,42773,42775,42777],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,42764,34283],{"class":3306},[49,42766,42767],{"class":1497}," f",[49,42769,42770],{"class":350},"\"Hello, ",[49,42772,8710],{"class":67},[49,42774,7103],{"class":55},[49,42776,21725],{"class":67},[49,42778,42779],{"class":350},"!\"\n",[49,42781,42782],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,42783,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,42785,42786,42788,42790,42792],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,42787,31575],{"class":104},[49,42789,108],{"class":63},[49,42791,34318],{"class":94},[49,42793,272],{"class":63},[528,42795,42797],{"id":42796},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42799,42800,42802,42803,42805],{},[15,42801,42471],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42804,42467],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[528,42807,42809],{"id":42808},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42811,42812],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[35,42814,1309],{"id":1308},[137,42816,42817,42822,42826,42831,42836],{},[140,42818,42819],{},[308,42820,42821],{"href":42029},"Python dir() function explained",[140,42823,42824],{},[308,42825,7873],{"href":1731},[140,42827,42828],{},[308,42829,42830],{"href":41781},"Python len() function explained",[140,42832,42833],{},[308,42834,42835],{"href":42076},"How import works in Python",[140,42837,42838],{},[308,42839,34578],{"href":42081},[20,42841,42842,42843,42845,42846,1622,42848,16495,42850,42852,42853,2310,42856,42859],{},"Try ",[15,42844,34448],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42847,10592],{},[15,42849,105],{},[15,42851,41886],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42854,42855],{},"dir(str)",[15,42857,42858],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1352,42861,42862],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":42864},[42865,42866,42867,42868,42874,42875,42876,42877,42881,42889,42890,42896],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":41746,"depth":85,"text":41747},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":41871,"depth":85,"text":41872,"children":42869},[42870,42871,42872,42873],{"id":41875,"depth":101,"text":41876},{"id":41928,"depth":101,"text":41929},{"id":33928,"depth":101,"text":41766},{"id":34081,"depth":101,"text":41769},{"id":34338,"depth":85,"text":34339},{"id":42148,"depth":85,"text":42149},{"id":42209,"depth":85,"text":42210},{"id":42351,"depth":85,"text":42352,"children":42878},[42879,42880],{"id":31575,"depth":101,"text":34448},{"id":33794,"depth":101,"text":33733},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":42882},[42883,42885,42886,42887],{"id":42464,"depth":101,"text":42884},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42520,"depth":101,"text":42521},{"id":42532,"depth":101,"text":42533},{"id":42576,"depth":101,"text":42888},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42593,"depth":85,"text":42594},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":42891},[42892,42893,42894,42895],{"id":42716,"depth":101,"text":42717},{"id":42723,"depth":101,"text":42724},{"id":42796,"depth":101,"text":42797},{"id":42808,"depth":101,"text":42809},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41675,"description":42897},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42903,"title":42904,"body":42905,"description":44266,"extension":1392,"meta":44267,"navigation":243,"path":44268,"seo":44269,"stem":44270,"__hash__":44271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42906,"toc":44239},[42907,42913,42918,42924,42934,42992,43002,43013,43018,43024,43026,43044,43052,43054,43056,43071,43074,43085,43087,43178,43181,43185,43190,43211,43213,43324,43326,43353,43364,43368,43371,43454,43456,43464,43470,43476,43480,43483,43593,43595,43608,43611,43625,43633,43640,43645,43659,43665,43778,43780,43841,43844,43850,43856,43859,43881,43884,43954,43957,43989,43996,43998,44001,44019,44022,44034,44040,44042,44047,44073,44076,44148,44150,44156,44159,44165,44168,44174,44184,44190,44193,44200,44203,44205,44236],[10,42908,3010,42910,3014],{"id":42909},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42911,42912],{},"id()",[20,42914,31740,42915,42917],{},[15,42916,42912],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42919,42920,42921,42923],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42922,42912],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42925,120,42926,42928,42929,42931,42932,91],{},[15,42927,42912],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,42930,329],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42933,4119],{},[40,42935,42937],{"className":42,"code":42936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42938,42939,42951,42965,42969,42978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42940,42941,42943,42945,42947,42949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42942,7308],{"class":55},[49,42944,60],{"class":59},[49,42946,357],{"class":346},[49,42948,6731],{"class":350},[49,42950,1124],{"class":346},[49,42952,42953,42955,42957,42959,42961,42963],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,42954,105],{"class":104},[49,42956,108],{"class":63},[49,42958,1191],{"class":104},[49,42960,108],{"class":63},[49,42962,7103],{"class":94},[49,42964,1182],{"class":63},[49,42966,42967],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,42968,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,42970,42971,42973,42975],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,42972,1202],{"class":55},[49,42974,60],{"class":59},[49,42976,42977],{"class":55}," name\n",[49,42979,42980,42982,42984,42986,42988,42990],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,42981,105],{"class":104},[49,42983,108],{"class":63},[49,42985,1191],{"class":104},[49,42987,108],{"class":63},[49,42989,1226],{"class":94},[49,42991,1182],{"class":63},[20,42993,42994,42995,42998,42999,43001],{},"In this example, ",[15,42996,42997],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43000,42912],{}," values match.",[43003,43004,43005],"blockquote",{},[20,43006,120,43007,43009,43010,43012],{},[15,43008,42912],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43011,4119],{}," for value comparison.",[35,43014,127,43016,130],{"id":43015},"what-id-does",[15,43017,42912],{},[20,43019,43020,43023],{},[15,43021,43022],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43025,12471],{},[137,43027,43028,43031,43038,43041],{},[140,43029,43030],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[140,43032,43033,43034,43037],{},"It shows ",[30,43035,43036],{},"object identity",", not object value",[140,43039,43040],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[140,43042,43043],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43045,43046,43047,43051],{},"This is closely related to how ",[308,43048,43050],{"href":43049},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[35,43053,164],{"id":163},[20,43055,4866],{},[40,43057,43059],{"className":42,"code":43058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"id(object)\n",[15,43060,43061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43062,43063,43065,43067,43069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43064,1191],{"class":104},[49,43066,108],{"class":63},[49,43068,41822],{"class":1174},[49,43070,272],{"class":63},[20,43072,43073],{},"Important details:",[137,43075,43076,43079,43082],{},[140,43077,43078],{},"It takes one argument",[140,43080,43081],{},"It returns an integer",[140,43083,43084],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43086,761],{},[40,43088,43090],{"className":42,"code":43089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43091,43092,43104,43112,43132,43136,43150,43164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43093,43094,43096,43098,43100,43102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43095,1114],{"class":55},[49,43097,60],{"class":59},[49,43099,357],{"class":346},[49,43101,1121],{"class":350},[49,43103,1124],{"class":346},[49,43105,43106,43108,43110],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43107,1650],{"class":55},[49,43109,60],{"class":59},[49,43111,2199],{"class":67},[49,43113,43114,43116,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126,43128,43130],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43115,56],{"class":55},[49,43117,60],{"class":59},[49,43119,64],{"class":63},[49,43121,68],{"class":67},[49,43123,71],{"class":63},[49,43125,74],{"class":67},[49,43127,71],{"class":63},[49,43129,79],{"class":67},[49,43131,82],{"class":63},[49,43133,43134],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43135,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43137,43138,43140,43142,43144,43146,43148],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43139,105],{"class":104},[49,43141,108],{"class":63},[49,43143,1191],{"class":104},[49,43145,108],{"class":63},[49,43147,1129],{"class":94},[49,43149,1182],{"class":63},[49,43151,43152,43154,43156,43158,43160,43162],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,43153,105],{"class":104},[49,43155,108],{"class":63},[49,43157,1191],{"class":104},[49,43159,108],{"class":63},[49,43161,1672],{"class":94},[49,43163,1182],{"class":63},[49,43165,43166,43168,43170,43172,43174,43176],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,43167,105],{"class":104},[49,43169,108],{"class":63},[49,43171,1191],{"class":104},[49,43173,108],{"class":63},[49,43175,88],{"class":94},[49,43177,1182],{"class":63},[20,43179,43180],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[35,43182,43184],{"id":43183},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43186,43187,43188,91],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43189,42912],{},[137,43191,43192,43199,43206],{},[140,43193,43194,43196,43197],{},[15,43195,4119],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43198,1904],{},[140,43200,43201,43203,43204],{},[15,43202,11617],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43205,41822],{},[140,43207,43208,43210],{},[15,43209,42912],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43212,761],{},[40,43214,43216],{"className":42,"code":43215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43217,43218,43238,43258,43262,43279,43296,43310],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43219,43220,43222,43224,43226,43228,43230,43232,43234,43236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43221,543],{"class":55},[49,43223,60],{"class":59},[49,43225,64],{"class":63},[49,43227,68],{"class":67},[49,43229,71],{"class":63},[49,43231,74],{"class":67},[49,43233,71],{"class":63},[49,43235,79],{"class":67},[49,43237,82],{"class":63},[49,43239,43240,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250,43252,43254,43256],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43241,564],{"class":55},[49,43243,60],{"class":59},[49,43245,64],{"class":63},[49,43247,68],{"class":67},[49,43249,71],{"class":63},[49,43251,74],{"class":67},[49,43253,71],{"class":63},[49,43255,79],{"class":67},[49,43257,82],{"class":63},[49,43259,43260],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43261,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43263,43264,43266,43268,43270,43272,43274,43276],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43265,105],{"class":104},[49,43267,108],{"class":63},[49,43269,543],{"class":94},[49,43271,4119],{"class":59},[49,43273,1990],{"class":94},[49,43275,113],{"class":63},[49,43277,43278],{"class":116},"   # True\n",[49,43280,43281,43283,43285,43287,43289,43291,43293],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43282,105],{"class":104},[49,43284,108],{"class":63},[49,43286,543],{"class":94},[49,43288,11617],{"class":3306},[49,43290,1990],{"class":94},[49,43292,113],{"class":63},[49,43294,43295],{"class":116},"   # False\n",[49,43297,43298,43300,43302,43304,43306,43308],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,43299,105],{"class":104},[49,43301,108],{"class":63},[49,43303,1191],{"class":104},[49,43305,108],{"class":63},[49,43307,308],{"class":94},[49,43309,1182],{"class":63},[49,43311,43312,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,43313,105],{"class":104},[49,43315,108],{"class":63},[49,43317,1191],{"class":104},[49,43319,108],{"class":63},[49,43321,360],{"class":94},[49,43323,1182],{"class":63},[20,43325,1611],{},[137,43327,43328,43336,43344],{},[140,43329,43330,4214,43333,43335],{},[15,43331,43332],{},"a == b",[15,43334,3039],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[140,43337,43338,4214,43341,43343],{},[15,43339,43340],{},"a is b",[15,43342,3105],{}," because they are different list objects",[140,43345,43346,618,43349,43352],{},[15,43347,43348],{},"id(a)",[15,43350,43351],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43354,43355,43356,618,43360,91],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[308,43357,43359],{"href":43358},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[308,43361,43363],{"href":43362},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[35,43365,43367],{"id":43366},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43369,43370],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[40,43372,43374],{"className":42,"code":43373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43375,43376,43396,43406,43410,43424,43439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43377,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390,43392,43394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43379,214],{"class":55},[49,43381,60],{"class":59},[49,43383,64],{"class":63},[49,43385,221],{"class":67},[49,43387,71],{"class":63},[49,43389,226],{"class":67},[49,43391,71],{"class":63},[49,43393,231],{"class":67},[49,43395,82],{"class":63},[49,43397,43398,43401,43403],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43399,43400],{"class":55},"other_numbers ",[49,43402,60],{"class":59},[49,43404,43405],{"class":55}," numbers\n",[49,43407,43408],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43409,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43411,43412,43414,43416,43418,43420,43422],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43413,105],{"class":104},[49,43415,108],{"class":63},[49,43417,1191],{"class":104},[49,43419,108],{"class":63},[49,43421,249],{"class":94},[49,43423,1182],{"class":63},[49,43425,43426,43428,43430,43432,43434,43437],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43427,105],{"class":104},[49,43429,108],{"class":63},[49,43431,1191],{"class":104},[49,43433,108],{"class":63},[49,43435,43436],{"class":94},"other_numbers",[49,43438,1182],{"class":63},[49,43440,43441,43443,43445,43447,43449,43452],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,43442,105],{"class":104},[49,43444,108],{"class":63},[49,43446,214],{"class":94},[49,43448,11617],{"class":3306},[49,43450,43451],{"class":94}," other_numbers",[49,43453,272],{"class":63},[20,43455,4992],{},[40,43457,43458],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,43459,43460],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43461,43462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43463,3410],{"class":3281},[20,43465,43466,43467,43469],{},"The two ",[15,43468,42912],{}," values will also match.",[20,43471,21611,43472,43475],{},[15,43473,43474],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[35,43477,43479],{"id":43478},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43481,43482],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[40,43484,43486],{"className":42,"code":43485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43487,43488,43509,43530,43534,43549,43563,43578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43489,43490,43493,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505,43507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43491,43492],{"class":55},"list_a ",[49,43494,60],{"class":59},[49,43496,64],{"class":63},[49,43498,68],{"class":67},[49,43500,71],{"class":63},[49,43502,74],{"class":67},[49,43504,71],{"class":63},[49,43506,79],{"class":67},[49,43508,82],{"class":63},[49,43510,43511,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43512,43513],{"class":55},"list_b ",[49,43515,60],{"class":59},[49,43517,64],{"class":63},[49,43519,68],{"class":67},[49,43521,71],{"class":63},[49,43523,74],{"class":67},[49,43525,71],{"class":63},[49,43527,79],{"class":67},[49,43529,82],{"class":63},[49,43531,43532],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43533,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43535,43536,43538,43540,43542,43544,43547],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43537,105],{"class":104},[49,43539,108],{"class":63},[49,43541,43492],{"class":94},[49,43543,4119],{"class":59},[49,43545,43546],{"class":94}," list_b",[49,43548,272],{"class":63},[49,43550,43551,43553,43555,43557,43559,43561],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43552,105],{"class":104},[49,43554,108],{"class":63},[49,43556,43492],{"class":94},[49,43558,11617],{"class":3306},[49,43560,43546],{"class":94},[49,43562,272],{"class":63},[49,43564,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43576],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,43566,105],{"class":104},[49,43568,108],{"class":63},[49,43570,1191],{"class":104},[49,43572,108],{"class":63},[49,43574,43575],{"class":94},"list_a",[49,43577,1182],{"class":63},[49,43579,43580,43582,43584,43586,43588,43591],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,43581,105],{"class":104},[49,43583,108],{"class":63},[49,43585,1191],{"class":104},[49,43587,108],{"class":63},[49,43589,43590],{"class":94},"list_b",[49,43592,1182],{"class":63},[20,43594,4992],{},[40,43596,43598],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43599,43600,43604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43601,43602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43603,3410],{"class":3281},[49,43605,43606],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43607,3471],{"class":3281},[20,43609,43610],{},"What this means:",[137,43612,43613,43616,43619],{},[140,43614,43615],{},"The lists are equal in value",[140,43617,43618],{},"They are not the same object",[140,43620,43621,43622,43624],{},"Their ",[15,43623,42912],{}," values are usually different",[20,43626,43627,43628,43630,43631,91],{},"This is why ",[15,43629,42912],{}," should not replace ",[15,43632,4119],{},[35,43634,43636,43637,43639],{"id":43635},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43638,42912],{}," is useful",[20,43641,43642,43644],{},[15,43643,42912],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[137,43646,43647,43650,43653,43656],{},[140,43648,43649],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[140,43651,43652],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[140,43654,43655],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[140,43657,43658],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43660,43661,43662,43664],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43663,42912],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[40,43666,43668],{"className":42,"code":43667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43669,43670,43694,43703,43707,43726,43730,43740,43750,43764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43671,43672,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43673,11509],{"class":55},[49,43675,60],{"class":59},[49,43677,64],{"class":63},[49,43679,347],{"class":346},[49,43681,308],{"class":350},[49,43683,347],{"class":346},[49,43685,71],{"class":63},[49,43687,357],{"class":346},[49,43689,360],{"class":350},[49,43691,347],{"class":346},[49,43693,82],{"class":63},[49,43695,43696,43699,43701],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43697,43698],{"class":55},"copy_ref ",[49,43700,60],{"class":59},[49,43702,11547],{"class":55},[49,43704,43705],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43706,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43708,43709,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720,43722,43724],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43710,43711],{"class":55},"copy_ref",[49,43713,91],{"class":63},[49,43715,12973],{"class":94},[49,43717,108],{"class":63},[49,43719,347],{"class":346},[49,43721,369],{"class":350},[49,43723,347],{"class":346},[49,43725,272],{"class":63},[49,43727,43728],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43729,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43731,43732,43734,43736,43738],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,43733,105],{"class":104},[49,43735,108],{"class":63},[49,43737,11556],{"class":94},[49,43739,272],{"class":63},[49,43741,43742,43744,43746,43748],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,43743,105],{"class":104},[49,43745,108],{"class":63},[49,43747,43711],{"class":94},[49,43749,272],{"class":63},[49,43751,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,43753,105],{"class":104},[49,43755,108],{"class":63},[49,43757,1191],{"class":104},[49,43759,108],{"class":63},[49,43761,11556],{"class":94},[49,43763,1182],{"class":63},[49,43765,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,43767,105],{"class":104},[49,43769,108],{"class":63},[49,43771,1191],{"class":104},[49,43773,108],{"class":63},[49,43775,43711],{"class":94},[49,43777,1182],{"class":63},[20,43779,4992],{},[40,43781,43783],{"className":42,"code":43782,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43784,43785,43813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43786,43787,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43788,938],{"class":63},[49,43790,2734],{"class":346},[49,43792,308],{"class":350},[49,43794,2734],{"class":346},[49,43796,71],{"class":63},[49,43798,2729],{"class":346},[49,43800,360],{"class":350},[49,43802,2734],{"class":346},[49,43804,71],{"class":63},[49,43806,2729],{"class":346},[49,43808,369],{"class":350},[49,43810,2734],{"class":346},[49,43812,82],{"class":63},[49,43814,43815,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43816,938],{"class":63},[49,43818,2734],{"class":346},[49,43820,308],{"class":350},[49,43822,2734],{"class":346},[49,43824,71],{"class":63},[49,43826,2729],{"class":346},[49,43828,360],{"class":350},[49,43830,2734],{"class":346},[49,43832,71],{"class":63},[49,43834,2729],{"class":346},[49,43836,369],{"class":350},[49,43838,2734],{"class":346},[49,43840,82],{"class":63},[20,43842,43843],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[35,43845,43847,43848],{"id":43846},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43849,42912],{},[20,43851,43852,43853,43855],{},"Do not use ",[15,43854,42912],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43857,43858],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[137,43860,43861,43867,43873,43876],{},[140,43862,43863,43864,43866],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43865,4119],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[140,43868,43869,43870,43872],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43871,42912],{}," values across program runs",[140,43874,43875],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[140,43877,43878,43879],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43880,42912],{},[20,43882,43883],{},"Bad example:",[40,43885,43887],{"className":42,"code":43886,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43888,43889,43901,43913,43917,43939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43890,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43892,543],{"class":55},[49,43894,60],{"class":59},[49,43896,357],{"class":346},[49,43898,36470],{"class":350},[49,43900,1124],{"class":346},[49,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43904,564],{"class":55},[49,43906,60],{"class":59},[49,43908,357],{"class":346},[49,43910,36470],{"class":350},[49,43912,1124],{"class":346},[49,43914,43915],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,43916,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,43918,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,43920,6431],{"class":3306},[49,43922,14237],{"class":104},[49,43924,108],{"class":63},[49,43926,308],{"class":94},[49,43928,113],{"class":63},[49,43930,5841],{"class":59},[49,43932,14237],{"class":104},[49,43934,108],{"class":63},[49,43936,360],{"class":94},[49,43938,7773],{"class":63},[49,43940,43941,43943,43945,43947,43950,43952],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,43942,7501],{"class":104},[49,43944,108],{"class":63},[49,43946,347],{"class":346},[49,43948,43949],{"class":350},"The values are equal",[49,43951,347],{"class":346},[49,43953,272],{"class":63},[20,43955,43956],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[40,43958,43960],{"className":42,"code":43959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43961,43962,43975],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43963,43964,43966,43969,43971,43973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43965,6431],{"class":3306},[49,43967,43968],{"class":55}," a ",[49,43970,4119],{"class":59},[49,43972,1990],{"class":55},[49,43974,5826],{"class":63},[49,43976,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985,43987],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,43978,7501],{"class":104},[49,43980,108],{"class":63},[49,43982,347],{"class":346},[49,43984,43949],{"class":350},[49,43986,347],{"class":346},[49,43988,272],{"class":63},[20,43990,120,43991,2310,43993,43995],{},[15,43992,11617],{},[15,43994,42912],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[35,43997,20223],{"id":20222},[20,43999,44000],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[137,44002,44003,44006,44009,44014],{},[140,44004,44005],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[140,44007,44008],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[140,44010,44011,44012],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44013,42912],{},[140,44015,44016,44017],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44018,42912],{},[20,44020,44021],{},"The important rule is:",[137,44023,44024,44029],{},[140,44025,120,44026,44028],{},[15,44027,4119],{}," to check value",[140,44030,120,44031,44033],{},[15,44032,11617],{}," to check identity",[20,44035,44036,44037,44039],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44038,42912],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[35,44041,2261],{"id":2260},[20,44043,44044,44045,135],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44046,42912],{},[137,44048,44049,44057,44060,44063,44068],{},[140,44050,1092,44051,44053,44054,44056],{},[15,44052,42912],{}," when ",[15,44055,4119],{}," should be used",[140,44058,44059],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[140,44061,44062],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[140,44064,44065,44066],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44067,42912],{},[140,44069,1092,44070,44072],{},[15,44071,42912],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44074,44075],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[40,44077,44079],{"className":42,"code":44078,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44080,44081,44096,44110,44124,44138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44082,44083,44085,44087,44089,44091,44094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44084,105],{"class":104},[49,44086,108],{"class":63},[49,44088,1191],{"class":104},[49,44090,108],{"class":63},[49,44092,44093],{"class":94},"my_object",[49,44095,1182],{"class":63},[49,44097,44098,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44099,105],{"class":104},[49,44101,108],{"class":63},[49,44103,543],{"class":94},[49,44105,4119],{"class":59},[49,44107,1990],{"class":94},[49,44109,272],{"class":63},[49,44111,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44113,105],{"class":104},[49,44115,108],{"class":63},[49,44117,543],{"class":94},[49,44119,11617],{"class":3306},[49,44121,1990],{"class":94},[49,44123,272],{"class":63},[49,44125,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,44127,105],{"class":104},[49,44129,108],{"class":63},[49,44131,1175],{"class":1174},[49,44133,108],{"class":63},[49,44135,44093],{"class":94},[49,44137,1182],{"class":63},[49,44139,44140,44142,44144,44146],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,44141,31575],{"class":104},[49,44143,108],{"class":63},[49,44145,1191],{"class":104},[49,44147,272],{"class":63},[35,44149,1253],{"id":1252},[528,44151,44153,44154,12137],{"id":44152},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44155,42912],{},[20,44157,44158],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[528,44160,14324,44162,44164],{"id":44161},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44163,42912],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44166,44167],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[528,44169,20842,44171,44173],{"id":44170},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44172,42912],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44175,29694,44176,44178,44179,2310,44181,44183],{},[15,44177,4119],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44180,42912],{},[15,44182,11617],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[528,44185,44187,44188,1284],{"id":44186},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44189,42912],{},[20,44191,44192],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[528,44194,44196,44197,44199],{"id":44195},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44198,42912],{}," values?",[20,44201,44202],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[35,44204,1309],{"id":1308},[137,44206,44207,44212,44217,44222,44230],{},[140,44208,44209],{},[308,44210,44211],{"href":43049},"Python variables explained for beginners",[140,44213,44214],{},[308,44215,44216],{"href":43358},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[140,44218,44219],{},[308,44220,44221],{"href":43362},"Python data types overview",[140,44223,44224],{},[308,44225,3010,44227,2943],{"href":44226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44228,44229],{},"isinstance()",[140,44231,44232],{},[308,44233,44235],{"href":44234},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1352,44237,44238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":44240},[44241,44243,44244,44245,44246,44247,44249,44251,44252,44253,44265],{"id":43015,"depth":85,"text":44242},"What id() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":43183,"depth":85,"text":43184},{"id":43366,"depth":85,"text":43367},{"id":43478,"depth":85,"text":43479},{"id":43635,"depth":85,"text":44248},"When id() is useful",{"id":43846,"depth":85,"text":44250},"When not to use id()",{"id":20222,"depth":85,"text":20223},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":44254},[44255,44257,44259,44261,44263],{"id":44152,"depth":101,"text":44256},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44161,"depth":101,"text":44258},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44170,"depth":101,"text":44260},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44186,"depth":101,"text":44262},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44195,"depth":101,"text":44264},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42904,"description":44266},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44273,"title":41617,"body":44274,"description":45914,"extension":1392,"meta":45915,"navigation":243,"path":45916,"seo":45917,"stem":45918,"__hash__":45919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44275,"toc":45880},[44276,44281,44286,44289,44291,44334,44339,44342,44347,44352,44355,44371,44373,44417,44419,44446,44448,44463,44465,44467,44469,44485,44487,44499,44502,44536,44539,44564,44569,44571,44576,44580,44583,44585,44633,44635,44668,44674,44685,44687,44739,44741,44772,44774,44778,44782,44825,44831,44837,44889,44897,44902,44906,44997,44999,45032,45035,45037,45097,45099,45125,45135,45137,45141,45146,45151,45153,45190,45192,45211,45214,45218,45221,45277,45289,45298,45300,45327,45335,45342,45346,45349,45386,45389,45395,45432,45434,45438,45444,45462,45467,45515,45519,45608,45611,45618,45620,45622,45627,45645,45647,45690,45696,45713,45715,45777,45779,45781,45787,45795,45801,45807,45816,45826,45830,45838,45840,45842,45877],[10,44277,3010,44279,3014],{"id":44278},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44280,2390],{},[20,44282,1409,44283,44285],{},[15,44284,2390],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44287,44288],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[35,44290,1434],{"id":1433},[40,44292,44294],{"className":42,"code":44293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44295,44296,44315],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44297,44298,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44311,44313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44299,7308],{"class":55},[49,44301,60],{"class":59},[49,44303,7675],{"class":104},[49,44305,108],{"class":63},[49,44307,347],{"class":346},[49,44309,44310],{"class":350},"Enter your name: ",[49,44312,347],{"class":346},[49,44314,272],{"class":63},[49,44316,44317,44319,44321,44323,44326,44328,44330,44332],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44318,105],{"class":104},[49,44320,108],{"class":63},[49,44322,347],{"class":346},[49,44324,44325],{"class":350},"Hello, ",[49,44327,347],{"class":346},[49,44329,1885],{"class":59},[49,44331,35414],{"class":94},[49,44333,272],{"class":63},[20,44335,120,44336,44338],{},[15,44337,2390],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44340,44341],"hr",{},[35,44343,127,44345,130],{"id":44344},"what-input-does",[15,44346,2390],{},[20,44348,44349,44351],{},[15,44350,2390],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44353,44354],{},"Here is what happens:",[137,44356,44357,44362,44365,44368],{},[140,44358,44359,44361],{},[15,44360,2390],{}," waits for the user to type",[140,44363,44364],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[140,44366,44367],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[140,44369,44370],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44372,761],{},[40,44374,44376],{"className":42,"code":44375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44377,44378,44398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44379,44380,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391,44394,44396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44381,44382],{"class":55},"color ",[49,44384,60],{"class":59},[49,44386,7675],{"class":104},[49,44388,108],{"class":63},[49,44390,347],{"class":346},[49,44392,44393],{"class":350},"What is your favorite color? ",[49,44395,347],{"class":346},[49,44397,272],{"class":63},[49,44399,44400,44402,44404,44406,44409,44411,44413,44415],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44401,105],{"class":104},[49,44403,108],{"class":63},[49,44405,347],{"class":346},[49,44407,44408],{"class":350},"Your favorite color is",[49,44410,347],{"class":346},[49,44412,71],{"class":63},[49,44414,35273],{"class":94},[49,44416,272],{"class":63},[20,44418,29453],{},[40,44420,44422],{"className":42,"code":44421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44423,44424,44437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44425,44426,44428,44430,44433,44435],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44427,127],{"class":55},[49,44429,11617],{"class":59},[49,44431,44432],{"class":55}," your favorite color",[49,44434,1284],{"class":36790},[49,44436,35303],{"class":55},[49,44438,44439,44442,44444],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44440,44441],{"class":55},"Your favorite color ",[49,44443,11617],{"class":59},[49,44445,35303],{"class":55},[20,44447,19380],{},[137,44449,44450,44455,44460],{},[140,44451,44452,44453],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44454,44393],{},[140,44456,44457,44458],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44459,32314],{},[140,44461,44462],{},"That value is then printed",[44340,44464],{},[35,44466,164],{"id":163},[20,44468,6652],{},[40,44470,44472],{"className":42,"code":44471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44473,44474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44475,44476,44478,44480,44483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44477,41886],{"class":104},[49,44479,108],{"class":63},[49,44481,44482],{"class":94},"prompt",[49,44484,272],{"class":63},[20,44486,186],{},[137,44488,44489,44493,44496],{},[140,44490,1409,44491,19462],{},[15,44492,44482],{},[140,44494,44495],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[140,44497,44498],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44500,44501],{},"Example with a prompt:",[40,44503,44505],{"className":42,"code":44504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44506,44507,44526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44508,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519,44522,44524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44510,7393],{"class":55},[49,44512,60],{"class":59},[49,44514,7675],{"class":104},[49,44516,108],{"class":63},[49,44518,347],{"class":346},[49,44520,44521],{"class":350},"Enter your username: ",[49,44523,347],{"class":346},[49,44525,272],{"class":63},[49,44527,44528,44530,44532,44534],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44529,105],{"class":104},[49,44531,108],{"class":63},[49,44533,7417],{"class":94},[49,44535,272],{"class":63},[20,44537,44538],{},"Example without a prompt:",[40,44540,44542],{"className":42,"code":44541,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44543,44544,44554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44545,44546,44548,44550,44552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44547,1878],{"class":55},[49,44549,60],{"class":59},[49,44551,7675],{"class":104},[49,44553,98],{"class":63},[49,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44557,105],{"class":104},[49,44559,108],{"class":63},[49,44561,1904],{"class":94},[49,44563,272],{"class":63},[20,44565,7198,44566,44568],{},[15,44567,2390],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44340,44570],{},[35,44572,127,44574,11129],{"id":44573},"what-input-returns",[15,44575,2390],{},[20,44577,44578,7658],{},[15,44579,2390],{},[20,44581,44582],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44584,761],{},[40,44586,44588],{"className":42,"code":44587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44589,44590,44609,44619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44591,44592,44594,44596,44598,44600,44602,44605,44607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44593,21050],{"class":55},[49,44595,60],{"class":59},[49,44597,7675],{"class":104},[49,44599,108],{"class":63},[49,44601,347],{"class":346},[49,44603,44604],{"class":350},"Enter your age: ",[49,44606,347],{"class":346},[49,44608,272],{"class":63},[49,44610,44611,44613,44615,44617],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44612,105],{"class":104},[49,44614,108],{"class":63},[49,44616,8731],{"class":94},[49,44618,272],{"class":63},[49,44620,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44622,105],{"class":104},[49,44624,108],{"class":63},[49,44626,1175],{"class":1174},[49,44628,108],{"class":63},[49,44630,8731],{"class":94},[49,44632,1182],{"class":63},[20,44634,29453],{},[40,44636,44638],{"className":42,"code":44637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44639,44640,44650,44654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44641,44642,44645,44647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44643,44644],{"class":55},"Enter your age",[49,44646,135],{"class":63},[49,44648,44649],{"class":67}," 25\n",[49,44651,44652],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44653,2139],{"class":67},[49,44655,44656,44658,44660,44662,44664,44666],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44657,2723],{"class":59},[49,44659,2726],{"class":1497},[49,44661,2729],{"class":346},[49,44663,2877],{"class":350},[49,44665,2734],{"class":346},[49,44667,2737],{"class":59},[20,44669,44670,44671,44673],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44672,8625],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44675,44676,44677,2310,44681,91],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[308,44678,44679],{"href":2306},[15,44680,2309],{},[308,44682,44683],{"href":2313},[15,44684,2316],{},[20,44686,761],{},[40,44688,44690],{"className":42,"code":44689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44691,44692,44715,44725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44693,44694,44696,44698,44701,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44695,21050],{"class":55},[49,44697,60],{"class":59},[49,44699,44700],{"class":1174}," int",[49,44702,108],{"class":63},[49,44704,41886],{"class":104},[49,44706,108],{"class":63},[49,44708,347],{"class":346},[49,44710,44604],{"class":350},[49,44712,347],{"class":346},[49,44714,1182],{"class":63},[49,44716,44717,44719,44721,44723],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44718,105],{"class":104},[49,44720,108],{"class":63},[49,44722,8731],{"class":94},[49,44724,272],{"class":63},[49,44726,44727,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44728,105],{"class":104},[49,44730,108],{"class":63},[49,44732,1175],{"class":1174},[49,44734,108],{"class":63},[49,44736,8731],{"class":94},[49,44738,1182],{"class":63},[20,44740,29453],{},[40,44742,44744],{"className":42,"code":44743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44745,44746,44754,44758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44747,44748,44750,44752],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44749,44644],{"class":55},[49,44751,135],{"class":63},[49,44753,44649],{"class":67},[49,44755,44756],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44757,2139],{"class":67},[49,44759,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768,44770],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44761,2723],{"class":59},[49,44763,2726],{"class":1497},[49,44765,2729],{"class":346},[49,44767,1621],{"class":350},[49,44769,2734],{"class":346},[49,44771,2737],{"class":59},[44340,44773],{},[35,44775,44777],{"id":44776},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[528,44779,44781],{"id":44780},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[40,44783,44785],{"className":42,"code":44784,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44786,44787,44806],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44788,44789,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799,44802,44804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44790,7308],{"class":55},[49,44792,60],{"class":59},[49,44794,7675],{"class":104},[49,44796,108],{"class":63},[49,44798,347],{"class":346},[49,44800,44801],{"class":350},"What is your name? ",[49,44803,347],{"class":346},[49,44805,272],{"class":63},[49,44807,44808,44810,44812,44814,44817,44819,44821,44823],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44809,105],{"class":104},[49,44811,108],{"class":63},[49,44813,347],{"class":346},[49,44815,44816],{"class":350},"Hello,",[49,44818,347],{"class":346},[49,44820,71],{"class":63},[49,44822,35414],{"class":94},[49,44824,272],{"class":63},[20,44826,44827,44828,44830],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44829,7103],{}," and prints it.",[528,44832,44834,44835],{"id":44833},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44836,2309],{},[40,44838,44840],{"className":42,"code":44839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44841,44842,44865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44843,44844,44846,44848,44850,44852,44854,44856,44858,44861,44863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44845,21050],{"class":55},[49,44847,60],{"class":59},[49,44849,44700],{"class":1174},[49,44851,108],{"class":63},[49,44853,41886],{"class":104},[49,44855,108],{"class":63},[49,44857,347],{"class":346},[49,44859,44860],{"class":350},"How old are you? ",[49,44862,347],{"class":346},[49,44864,1182],{"class":63},[49,44866,44867,44869,44871,44873,44876,44878,44880,44883,44885,44887],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44868,105],{"class":104},[49,44870,108],{"class":63},[49,44872,347],{"class":346},[49,44874,44875],{"class":350},"Next year you will be",[49,44877,347],{"class":346},[49,44879,71],{"class":63},[49,44881,44882],{"class":94}," age ",[49,44884,1491],{"class":59},[49,44886,4930],{"class":67},[49,44888,272],{"class":63},[20,44890,5493,44891,44893,44894,44896],{},[15,44892,2309],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44895,2390],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44898,44899,44900,91],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[308,44901,8412],{"href":8411},[528,44903,44905],{"id":44904},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[40,44907,44909],{"className":42,"code":44908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44910,44911,44935,44959,44973,44977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44912,44913,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924,44926,44928,44931,44933],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44914,44915],{"class":55},"num1 ",[49,44917,60],{"class":59},[49,44919,44700],{"class":1174},[49,44921,108],{"class":63},[49,44923,41886],{"class":104},[49,44925,108],{"class":63},[49,44927,347],{"class":346},[49,44929,44930],{"class":350},"Enter the first number: ",[49,44932,347],{"class":346},[49,44934,1182],{"class":63},[49,44936,44937,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952,44955,44957],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,44938,44939],{"class":55},"num2 ",[49,44941,60],{"class":59},[49,44943,44700],{"class":1174},[49,44945,108],{"class":63},[49,44947,41886],{"class":104},[49,44949,108],{"class":63},[49,44951,347],{"class":346},[49,44953,44954],{"class":350},"Enter the second number: ",[49,44956,347],{"class":346},[49,44958,1182],{"class":63},[49,44960,44961,44963,44965,44968,44970],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,44962,40606],{"class":55},[49,44964,60],{"class":59},[49,44966,44967],{"class":55}," num1 ",[49,44969,1491],{"class":59},[49,44971,44972],{"class":55}," num2\n",[49,44974,44975],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,44976,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,44978,44979,44981,44983,44985,44988,44990,44992,44995],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,44980,105],{"class":104},[49,44982,108],{"class":63},[49,44984,347],{"class":346},[49,44986,44987],{"class":350},"Total:",[49,44989,347],{"class":346},[49,44991,71],{"class":63},[49,44993,44994],{"class":94}," total",[49,44996,272],{"class":63},[20,44998,29453],{},[40,45000,45002],{"className":42,"code":45001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45003,45004,45014,45023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45005,45006,45009,45011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45007,45008],{"class":55},"Enter the first number",[49,45010,135],{"class":63},[49,45012,45013],{"class":67}," 2\n",[49,45015,45016,45019,45021],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45017,45018],{"class":55},"Enter the second number",[49,45020,135],{"class":63},[49,45022,2008],{"class":67},[49,45024,45025,45028,45030],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45026,45027],{"class":55},"Total",[49,45029,135],{"class":63},[49,45031,34263],{"class":67},[20,45033,45034],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45036,761],{},[40,45038,45040],{"className":42,"code":45039,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45041,45042,45060,45078,45082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45043,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45054,45056,45058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45045,44915],{"class":55},[49,45047,60],{"class":59},[49,45049,7675],{"class":104},[49,45051,108],{"class":63},[49,45053,347],{"class":346},[49,45055,44930],{"class":350},[49,45057,347],{"class":346},[49,45059,272],{"class":63},[49,45061,45062,45064,45066,45068,45070,45072,45074,45076],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45063,44939],{"class":55},[49,45065,60],{"class":59},[49,45067,7675],{"class":104},[49,45069,108],{"class":63},[49,45071,347],{"class":346},[49,45073,44954],{"class":350},[49,45075,347],{"class":346},[49,45077,272],{"class":63},[49,45079,45080],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45081,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,45083,45084,45086,45088,45090,45092,45095],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,45085,105],{"class":104},[49,45087,108],{"class":63},[49,45089,44915],{"class":94},[49,45091,1491],{"class":59},[49,45093,45094],{"class":94}," num2",[49,45096,272],{"class":63},[20,45098,29453],{},[40,45100,45102],{"className":42,"code":45101,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45103,45104,45112,45120],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45105,45106,45108,45110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45107,45008],{"class":55},[49,45109,135],{"class":63},[49,45111,45013],{"class":67},[49,45113,45114,45116,45118],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45115,45018],{"class":55},[49,45117,135],{"class":63},[49,45119,2008],{"class":67},[49,45121,45122],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45123,45124],{"class":67},"23\n",[20,45126,45127,45128,45131,45132,91],{},"That happens because ",[15,45129,45130],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45133,45134],{},"\"23\"",[44340,45136],{},[35,45138,45140],{"id":45139},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45142,45143,45144,91],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45145,2390],{},[528,45147,4135,45149,40966],{"id":45148},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45150,2390],{},[20,45152,38622],{},[40,45154,45156],{"className":42,"code":45155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45157,45158,45176],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45159,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45161,1878],{"class":55},[49,45163,60],{"class":59},[49,45165,7675],{"class":104},[49,45167,108],{"class":63},[49,45169,347],{"class":346},[49,45171,41295],{"class":350},[49,45173,347],{"class":346},[49,45175,272],{"class":63},[49,45177,45178,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45179,105],{"class":104},[49,45181,108],{"class":63},[49,45183,1175],{"class":1174},[49,45185,108],{"class":63},[49,45187,1904],{"class":94},[49,45189,1182],{"class":63},[20,45191,275],{},[40,45193,45195],{"className":42,"code":45194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45196,45197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45198,45199,45201,45203,45205,45207,45209],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45200,2723],{"class":59},[49,45202,2726],{"class":1497},[49,45204,2729],{"class":346},[49,45206,2877],{"class":350},[49,45208,2734],{"class":346},[49,45210,2737],{"class":59},[20,45212,45213],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[528,45215,45217],{"id":45216},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45219,45220],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[40,45222,45224],{"className":42,"code":45223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45225,45226,45244,45263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45227,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240,45242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45229,543],{"class":55},[49,45231,60],{"class":59},[49,45233,7675],{"class":104},[49,45235,108],{"class":63},[49,45237,347],{"class":346},[49,45239,41295],{"class":350},[49,45241,347],{"class":346},[49,45243,272],{"class":63},[49,45245,45246,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45259,45261],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45247,564],{"class":55},[49,45249,60],{"class":59},[49,45251,7675],{"class":104},[49,45253,108],{"class":63},[49,45255,347],{"class":346},[49,45257,45258],{"class":350},"Enter another number: ",[49,45260,347],{"class":346},[49,45262,272],{"class":63},[49,45264,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45266,105],{"class":104},[49,45268,108],{"class":63},[49,45270,543],{"class":94},[49,45272,1491],{"class":59},[49,45274,1990],{"class":94},[49,45276,272],{"class":63},[20,45278,40544,45279,618,45281,45283,45284,18386,45287,91],{},[15,45280,1936],{},[15,45282,1569],{},", the result is ",[15,45285,45286],{},"45",[15,45288,1577],{},[528,45290,45292,45293,45295,45296],{"id":45291},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45294,40128],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45297,2309],{},[20,45299,761],{},[40,45301,45303],{"className":42,"code":45302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45304,45305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45306,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323,45325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45308,21050],{"class":55},[49,45310,60],{"class":59},[49,45312,44700],{"class":1174},[49,45314,108],{"class":63},[49,45316,41886],{"class":104},[49,45318,108],{"class":63},[49,45320,347],{"class":346},[49,45322,44604],{"class":350},[49,45324,347],{"class":346},[49,45326,1182],{"class":63},[20,45328,7704,45329,45332,45333,91],{},[15,45330,45331],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45334,40128],{},[20,45336,45337,45338,91],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[308,45339,45341],{"href":45340},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[528,45343,45345],{"id":45344},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45347,45348],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[40,45350,45352],{"className":42,"code":45351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45353,45354,45372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45355,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45357,7308],{"class":55},[49,45359,60],{"class":59},[49,45361,7675],{"class":104},[49,45363,108],{"class":63},[49,45365,347],{"class":346},[49,45367,44310],{"class":350},[49,45369,347],{"class":346},[49,45371,272],{"class":63},[49,45373,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45375,105],{"class":104},[49,45377,108],{"class":63},[49,45379,41203],{"class":104},[49,45381,108],{"class":63},[49,45383,7103],{"class":94},[49,45385,1182],{"class":63},[20,45387,45388],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45390,45391,45392,135],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45393,45394],{},".strip()",[40,45396,45398],{"className":42,"code":45397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45399,45400,45422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45403,7308],{"class":55},[49,45405,60],{"class":59},[49,45407,7675],{"class":104},[49,45409,108],{"class":63},[49,45411,347],{"class":346},[49,45413,44310],{"class":350},[49,45415,347],{"class":346},[49,45417,8062],{"class":63},[49,45419,8065],{"class":94},[49,45421,98],{"class":63},[49,45423,45424,45426,45428,45430],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45425,105],{"class":104},[49,45427,108],{"class":63},[49,45429,7103],{"class":94},[49,45431,272],{"class":63},[44340,45433],{},[35,45435,45437],{"id":45436},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45439,45440,45441,45443],{},"These habits make ",[15,45442,2390],{}," easier and safer to use.",[137,45445,45446,45449,45454,45457],{},[140,45447,45448],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[140,45450,120,45451,45453],{},[15,45452,45394],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[140,45455,45456],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[140,45458,120,45459,45461],{},[15,45460,29205],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45463,45464,45465,135],{},"Example with ",[15,45466,45394],{},[40,45468,45470],{"className":42,"code":45469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45471,45472,45496],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45473,45474,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45488,45490,45492,45494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45475,45476],{"class":55},"city ",[49,45478,60],{"class":59},[49,45480,7675],{"class":104},[49,45482,108],{"class":63},[49,45484,347],{"class":346},[49,45486,45487],{"class":350},"Enter your city: ",[49,45489,347],{"class":346},[49,45491,8062],{"class":63},[49,45493,8065],{"class":94},[49,45495,98],{"class":63},[49,45497,45498,45500,45502,45504,45507,45509,45511,45513],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45499,105],{"class":104},[49,45501,108],{"class":63},[49,45503,347],{"class":346},[49,45505,45506],{"class":350},"City:",[49,45508,347],{"class":346},[49,45510,71],{"class":63},[49,45512,30807],{"class":94},[49,45514,272],{"class":63},[20,45516,45464,45517,135],{},[15,45518,29205],{},[40,45520,45522],{"className":42,"code":45521,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45523,45524,45530,45553,45585,45593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45525,45526,45528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45527,29227],{"class":3306},[49,45529,5826],{"class":63},[49,45531,45532,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45533,45534],{"class":55},"    age ",[49,45536,60],{"class":59},[49,45538,44700],{"class":1174},[49,45540,108],{"class":63},[49,45542,41886],{"class":104},[49,45544,108],{"class":63},[49,45546,347],{"class":346},[49,45548,44604],{"class":350},[49,45550,347],{"class":346},[49,45552,1182],{"class":63},[49,45554,45555,45557,45559,45561,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578,45581,45583],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45556,7501],{"class":104},[49,45558,108],{"class":63},[49,45560,347],{"class":346},[49,45562,45563],{"class":350},"You will be",[49,45565,347],{"class":346},[49,45567,71],{"class":63},[49,45569,44882],{"class":94},[49,45571,1491],{"class":59},[49,45573,4930],{"class":67},[49,45575,71],{"class":63},[49,45577,357],{"class":346},[49,45579,45580],{"class":350},"next year",[49,45582,347],{"class":346},[49,45584,272],{"class":63},[49,45586,45587,45589,45591],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,45588,29258],{"class":3306},[49,45590,41350],{"class":1174},[49,45592,5826],{"class":63},[49,45594,45595,45597,45599,45601,45604,45606],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,45596,7501],{"class":104},[49,45598,108],{"class":63},[49,45600,347],{"class":346},[49,45602,45603],{"class":350},"Please enter a whole number.",[49,45605,347],{"class":346},[49,45607,272],{"class":63},[20,45609,45610],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45612,45613,45614,91],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[308,45615,45617],{"href":45616},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44340,45619],{},[35,45621,2261],{"id":2260},[20,45623,45624,45625,135],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45626,2390],{},[137,45628,45629,45636,45639,45642],{},[140,45630,45631,45632,2310,45634],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45633,2309],{},[15,45635,2316],{},[140,45637,45638],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[140,45640,45641],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[140,45643,45644],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45646,31505],{},[40,45648,45650],{"className":42,"code":45649,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45651,45652,45662,45676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45653,45654,45656,45658,45660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45655,105],{"class":104},[49,45657,108],{"class":63},[49,45659,1904],{"class":94},[49,45661,272],{"class":63},[49,45663,45664,45666,45668,45670,45672,45674],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45665,105],{"class":104},[49,45667,108],{"class":63},[49,45669,1175],{"class":1174},[49,45671,108],{"class":63},[49,45673,1904],{"class":94},[49,45675,1182],{"class":63},[49,45677,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45679,105],{"class":104},[49,45681,108],{"class":63},[49,45683,41203],{"class":104},[49,45685,108],{"class":63},[49,45687,1904],{"class":94},[49,45689,1182],{"class":63},[20,45691,45692,45693,45695],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45694,2390],{}," actually returned:",[137,45697,45698,45703,45708],{},[140,45699,45700,45702],{},[15,45701,41251],{}," shows the value",[140,45704,45705,45707],{},[15,45706,41257],{}," shows the data type",[140,45709,45710,45712],{},[15,45711,41262],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45714,761],{},[40,45716,45718],{"className":42,"code":45717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45719,45720,45739,45749,45763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45721,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732,45735,45737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45723,1878],{"class":55},[49,45725,60],{"class":59},[49,45727,7675],{"class":104},[49,45729,108],{"class":63},[49,45731,347],{"class":346},[49,45733,45734],{"class":350},"Enter something: ",[49,45736,347],{"class":346},[49,45738,272],{"class":63},[49,45740,45741,45743,45745,45747],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45742,105],{"class":104},[49,45744,108],{"class":63},[49,45746,1904],{"class":94},[49,45748,272],{"class":63},[49,45750,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,45752,105],{"class":104},[49,45754,108],{"class":63},[49,45756,1175],{"class":1174},[49,45758,108],{"class":63},[49,45760,1904],{"class":94},[49,45762,1182],{"class":63},[49,45764,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,45766,105],{"class":104},[49,45768,108],{"class":63},[49,45770,41203],{"class":104},[49,45772,108],{"class":63},[49,45774,1904],{"class":94},[49,45776,1182],{"class":63},[44340,45778],{},[35,45780,1253],{"id":1252},[528,45782,1257,45784,45786],{"id":45783},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45785,2390],{}," return an integer?",[20,45788,45789,45790,45792,45793,39353],{},"No. ",[15,45791,2390],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45794,2309],{},[528,45796,45798,45799,1284],{"id":45797},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45800,2390],{},[20,45802,45803,45804,45806],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45805,2390],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[528,45808,4589,45810,45813,45814,1284],{"id":45809},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45811,45812],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45815,2390],{},[20,45817,28484,45818,45820,45821,483,45823,45825],{},[15,45819,2390],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45822,45130],{},[15,45824,45134],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[528,45827,45829],{"id":45828},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45831,120,45832,45834,45835,91],{},[15,45833,45394],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45836,45837],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44340,45839],{},[35,45841,1309],{"id":1308},[137,45843,45844,45849,45853,45859,45865,45869],{},[140,45845,45846],{},[308,45847,45848],{"href":45616},"How to get user input in Python",[140,45850,45851],{},[308,45852,8489],{"href":8411},[140,45854,45855],{},[308,45856,3010,45857,2943],{"href":2306},[15,45858,2309],{},[140,45860,45861],{},[308,45862,3010,45863,2943],{"href":2313},[15,45864,2316],{},[140,45866,45867],{},[308,45868,45341],{"href":45340},[140,45870,45871],{},[308,45872,3010,45874,2943],{"href":45873},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45875,45876],{},"print()",[1352,45878,45879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":45881},[45882,45883,45885,45886,45888,45894,45902,45903,45904,45913],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":44344,"depth":85,"text":45884},"What input() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":44573,"depth":85,"text":45887},"What input() returns",{"id":44776,"depth":85,"text":44777,"children":45889},[45890,45891,45893],{"id":44780,"depth":101,"text":44781},{"id":44833,"depth":101,"text":45892},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44904,"depth":101,"text":44905},{"id":45139,"depth":85,"text":45140,"children":45895},[45896,45898,45899,45901],{"id":45148,"depth":101,"text":45897},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45216,"depth":101,"text":45217},{"id":45291,"depth":101,"text":45900},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45344,"depth":101,"text":45345},{"id":45436,"depth":85,"text":45437},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":45905},[45906,45908,45910,45912],{"id":45783,"depth":101,"text":45907},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45797,"depth":101,"text":45909},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45809,"depth":101,"text":45911},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45828,"depth":101,"text":45829},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41617,"description":45914},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45921,"title":41520,"body":45922,"description":48235,"extension":1392,"meta":48236,"navigation":243,"path":48237,"seo":48238,"stem":48239,"__hash__":48240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45923,"toc":48187},[45924,45929,45934,45939,45960,45963,45965,46025,46027,46046,46051,46056,46061,46063,46076,46078,46161,46163,46204,46210,46212,46242,46248,46251,46268,46270,46322,46324,46342,46348,46354,46357,46375,46377,46450,46452,46471,46478,46484,46489,46492,46552,46554,46573,46576,46579,46594,46600,46604,46665,46667,46688,46692,46821,46823,46953,46963,46969,46975,46983,47049,47051,47076,47079,47096,47109,47115,47118,47151,47153,47166,47169,47212,47214,47222,47229,47233,47240,47244,47271,47273,47281,47287,47304,47309,47313,47340,47342,47350,47354,47359,47362,47388,47391,47400,47408,47412,47422,47426,47429,47431,47482,47484,47514,47524,47551,47553,47561,47571,47575,47578,47580,47628,47630,47674,47680,47731,47733,47752,47757,47762,47765,47784,47787,47839,47841,47850,47852,47856,47860,47863,47872,47879,47881,47908,47912,47914,47923,47926,47933,47939,47999,48003,48005,48013,48016,48042,48048,48051,48071,48073,48082,48090,48092,48098,48103,48110,48120,48126,48134,48138,48141,48143,48184],[10,45925,3010,45927,3014],{"id":45926},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45928,2309],{},[20,45930,31740,45931,45933],{},[15,45932,2309],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45935,34827,45936,45938],{},[15,45937,2309],{}," when they want to:",[137,45940,45941,45951,45954,45957],{},[140,45942,45943,45944,45947,45948],{},"turn text like ",[15,45945,45946],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45949,45950],{},"42",[140,45952,45953],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[140,45955,45956],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[140,45958,45959],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45961,45962],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[35,45964,1434],{"id":1433},[40,45966,45968],{"className":42,"code":45967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45969,45970,45988,46002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45971,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45973,105],{"class":104},[49,45975,108],{"class":63},[49,45977,1621],{"class":1174},[49,45979,108],{"class":63},[49,45981,347],{"class":346},[49,45983,45950],{"class":350},[49,45985,347],{"class":346},[49,45987,1182],{"class":63},[49,45989,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,45991,105],{"class":104},[49,45993,108],{"class":63},[49,45995,1621],{"class":1174},[49,45997,108],{"class":63},[49,45999,41408],{"class":67},[49,46001,1182],{"class":63},[49,46003,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46017,46019,46021,46023],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46005,105],{"class":104},[49,46007,108],{"class":63},[49,46009,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46011,108],{"class":63},[49,46013,347],{"class":346},[49,46015,46016],{"class":350},"101",[49,46018,347],{"class":346},[49,46020,71],{"class":63},[49,46022,74],{"class":67},[49,46024,1182],{"class":63},[20,46026,275],{},[40,46028,46030],{"className":42,"code":46029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46031,46032,46037,46042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46033,46034],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46035,46036],{"class":67},"42\n",[49,46038,46039],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46040,46041],{"class":67},"3\n",[49,46043,46044],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46045,2379],{"class":67},[20,46047,120,46048,46050],{},[15,46049,2309],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[35,46052,127,46054,130],{"id":46053},"what-int-does",[15,46055,2309],{},[20,46057,46058,46060],{},[15,46059,2309],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46062,12471],{},[137,46064,46065,46070,46073],{},[140,46066,46067,46068,6774],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46069,1621],{},[140,46071,46072],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[140,46074,46075],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46077,761],{},[40,46079,46081],{"className":42,"code":46080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46082,46083,46095,46109,46113,46123,46133,46147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46084,46085,46087,46089,46091,46093],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46086,1114],{"class":55},[49,46088,60],{"class":59},[49,46090,357],{"class":346},[49,46092,8625],{"class":350},[49,46094,1124],{"class":346},[49,46096,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46098,1650],{"class":55},[49,46100,60],{"class":59},[49,46102,44700],{"class":1174},[49,46104,108],{"class":63},[49,46106,1129],{"class":94},[49,46108,272],{"class":63},[49,46110,46111],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46112,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,46114,46115,46117,46119,46121],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,46116,105],{"class":104},[49,46118,108],{"class":63},[49,46120,1129],{"class":94},[49,46122,272],{"class":63},[49,46124,46125,46127,46129,46131],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,46126,105],{"class":104},[49,46128,108],{"class":63},[49,46130,1672],{"class":94},[49,46132,272],{"class":63},[49,46134,46135,46137,46139,46141,46143,46145],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,46136,105],{"class":104},[49,46138,108],{"class":63},[49,46140,1175],{"class":1174},[49,46142,108],{"class":63},[49,46144,1129],{"class":94},[49,46146,1182],{"class":63},[49,46148,46149,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,46150,105],{"class":104},[49,46152,108],{"class":63},[49,46154,1175],{"class":1174},[49,46156,108],{"class":63},[49,46158,1672],{"class":94},[49,46160,1182],{"class":63},[20,46162,275],{},[40,46164,46166],{"className":42,"code":46165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46167,46168,46172,46176,46190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46169,46170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46171,2139],{"class":67},[49,46173,46174],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46175,2139],{"class":67},[49,46177,46178,46180,46182,46184,46186,46188],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46179,2723],{"class":59},[49,46181,2726],{"class":1497},[49,46183,2729],{"class":346},[49,46185,2877],{"class":350},[49,46187,2734],{"class":346},[49,46189,2737],{"class":59},[49,46191,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200,46202],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,46193,2723],{"class":59},[49,46195,2726],{"class":1497},[49,46197,2729],{"class":346},[49,46199,1621],{"class":350},[49,46201,2734],{"class":346},[49,46203,2737],{"class":59},[20,46205,46206,46207,46209],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46208,2309],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[35,46211,164],{"id":163},[40,46213,46215],{"className":42,"code":46214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46216,46217,46227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46218,46219,46221,46223,46225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46220,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46222,108],{"class":63},[49,46224,1606],{"class":94},[49,46226,272],{"class":63},[49,46228,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46240],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46230,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46232,108],{"class":63},[49,46234,1606],{"class":94},[49,46236,71],{"class":63},[49,46238,46239],{"class":94}," base",[49,46241,272],{"class":63},[528,46243,46245],{"id":46244},"intx",[15,46246,46247],{},"int(x)",[20,46249,46250],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[137,46252,46253,46258,46263],{},[140,46254,46255,46256],{},"a string such as ",[15,46257,41550],{},[140,46259,46260,46261],{},"a float such as ",[15,46262,41408],{},[140,46264,46265,46266],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46267,3039],{},[20,46269,761],{},[40,46271,46273],{"className":42,"code":46272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46274,46275,46293,46308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46276,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46278,105],{"class":104},[49,46280,108],{"class":63},[49,46282,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46284,108],{"class":63},[49,46286,347],{"class":346},[49,46288,221],{"class":350},[49,46290,347],{"class":346},[49,46292,1182],{"class":63},[49,46294,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46306],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46296,105],{"class":104},[49,46298,108],{"class":63},[49,46300,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46302,108],{"class":63},[49,46304,46305],{"class":67},"8.7",[49,46307,1182],{"class":63},[49,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46311,105],{"class":104},[49,46313,108],{"class":63},[49,46315,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46317,108],{"class":63},[49,46319,3039],{"class":3281},[49,46321,1182],{"class":63},[20,46323,275],{},[40,46325,46327],{"className":42,"code":46326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46328,46329,46333,46337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46330,46331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46332,1808],{"class":67},[49,46334,46335],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46336,1813],{"class":67},[49,46338,46339],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46340,46341],{"class":67},"1\n",[528,46343,46345],{"id":46344},"intx-base",[15,46346,46347],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46349,46350,46351,46353],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46352,1606],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46355,46356],{},"Common bases:",[137,46358,46359,46364,46369],{},[140,46360,46361,46363],{},[15,46362,1488],{}," for binary",[140,46365,46366,46368],{},[15,46367,1777],{}," for octal",[140,46370,46371,46374],{},[15,46372,46373],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46376,761],{},[40,46378,46380],{"className":42,"code":46379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46381,46382,46404,46427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46383,46384,46386,46388,46390,46392,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46385,105],{"class":104},[49,46387,108],{"class":63},[49,46389,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46391,108],{"class":63},[49,46393,347],{"class":346},[49,46395,46016],{"class":350},[49,46397,347],{"class":346},[49,46399,71],{"class":63},[49,46401,74],{"class":67},[49,46403,1182],{"class":63},[49,46405,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46419,46421,46423,46425],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46407,105],{"class":104},[49,46409,108],{"class":63},[49,46411,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46413,108],{"class":63},[49,46415,347],{"class":346},[49,46417,46418],{"class":350},"17",[49,46420,347],{"class":346},[49,46422,71],{"class":63},[49,46424,5792],{"class":67},[49,46426,1182],{"class":63},[49,46428,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46442,46444,46446,46448],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46430,105],{"class":104},[49,46432,108],{"class":63},[49,46434,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46436,108],{"class":63},[49,46438,347],{"class":346},[49,46440,46441],{"class":350},"1A",[49,46443,347],{"class":346},[49,46445,71],{"class":63},[49,46447,13408],{"class":67},[49,46449,1182],{"class":63},[20,46451,275],{},[40,46453,46455],{"className":42,"code":46454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46456,46457,46461,46466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46458,46459],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46460,2379],{"class":67},[49,46462,46463],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46464,46465],{"class":67},"15\n",[49,46467,46468],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46469,46470],{"class":67},"26\n",[20,46472,46473,46474,91],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[308,46475,46476,1735],{"href":2313},[15,46477,2316],{},[35,46479,1092,46481,46483],{"id":46480},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46482,2309],{}," with strings",[20,46485,46486,46488],{},[15,46487,2309],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46490,46491],{},"Examples that work:",[40,46493,46495],{"className":42,"code":46494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46496,46497,46515,46533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46498,46499,46501,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511,46513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46500,105],{"class":104},[49,46502,108],{"class":63},[49,46504,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46506,108],{"class":63},[49,46508,347],{"class":346},[49,46510,1569],{"class":350},[49,46512,347],{"class":346},[49,46514,1182],{"class":63},[49,46516,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46518,105],{"class":104},[49,46520,108],{"class":63},[49,46522,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46524,108],{"class":63},[49,46526,347],{"class":346},[49,46528,1724],{"class":350},[49,46530,347],{"class":346},[49,46532,1182],{"class":63},[49,46534,46535,46537,46539,46541,46543,46545,46548,46550],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46536,105],{"class":104},[49,46538,108],{"class":63},[49,46540,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46542,108],{"class":63},[49,46544,347],{"class":346},[49,46546,46547],{"class":350},"  42  ",[49,46549,347],{"class":346},[49,46551,1182],{"class":63},[20,46553,275],{},[40,46555,46557],{"className":42,"code":46556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46558,46559,46563,46569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46560,46561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46562,2379],{"class":67},[49,46564,46565,46567],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46566,1453],{"class":59},[49,46568,1658],{"class":67},[49,46570,46571],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46572,46036],{"class":67},[20,46574,46575],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46577,46578],{},"Examples that fail:",[40,46580,46582],{"className":42,"code":46581,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46583,46584,46589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46585,46586],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46587,46588],{"class":116},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[49,46590,46591],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46592,46593],{"class":116},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46595,46596,46597,46599],{},"These raise ",[15,46598,40128],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[528,46601,46603],{"id":46602},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[40,46605,46607],{"className":42,"code":46606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46608,46609,46627,46646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46610,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46612,105],{"class":104},[49,46614,108],{"class":63},[49,46616,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46618,108],{"class":63},[49,46620,347],{"class":346},[49,46622,1552],{"class":350},[49,46624,347],{"class":346},[49,46626,1182],{"class":63},[49,46628,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46642,46644],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46630,105],{"class":104},[49,46632,108],{"class":63},[49,46634,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46636,108],{"class":63},[49,46638,347],{"class":346},[49,46640,46641],{"class":350},"+7",[49,46643,347],{"class":346},[49,46645,1182],{"class":63},[49,46647,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46661,46663],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46649,105],{"class":104},[49,46651,108],{"class":63},[49,46653,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46655,108],{"class":63},[49,46657,347],{"class":346},[49,46659,46660],{"class":350},"-100",[49,46662,347],{"class":346},[49,46664,1182],{"class":63},[20,46666,275],{},[40,46668,46670],{"className":42,"code":46669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46671,46672,46677,46681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46673,46674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46675,46676],{"class":67},"0\n",[49,46678,46679],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46680,1512],{"class":67},[49,46682,46683,46685],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46684,1453],{"class":59},[49,46686,46687],{"class":67},"100\n",[528,46689,46691],{"id":46690},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[40,46693,46695],{"className":42,"code":46694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46696,46697,46735,46739,46751,46758,46773,46788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46698,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46715,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728,46731,46733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46700,3252],{"class":55},[49,46702,60],{"class":59},[49,46704,64],{"class":63},[49,46706,347],{"class":346},[49,46708,39567],{"class":350},[49,46710,347],{"class":346},[49,46712,71],{"class":63},[49,46714,357],{"class":346},[49,46716,46717],{"class":350},"12abc",[49,46719,347],{"class":346},[49,46721,71],{"class":63},[49,46723,5559],{"class":346},[49,46725,71],{"class":63},[49,46727,357],{"class":346},[49,46729,46730],{"class":350},"seven",[49,46732,347],{"class":346},[49,46734,82],{"class":63},[49,46736,46737],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46738,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,46740,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46742,5391],{"class":3306},[49,46744,21006],{"class":55},[49,46746,3313],{"class":3306},[49,46748,3316],{"class":55},[49,46750,5826],{"class":63},[49,46752,46753,46756],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,46754,46755],{"class":3306},"    try",[49,46757,5826],{"class":63},[49,46759,46760,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,46761,46762],{"class":104},"        print",[49,46764,108],{"class":63},[49,46766,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46768,108],{"class":63},[49,46770,1904],{"class":94},[49,46772,1182],{"class":63},[49,46774,46775,46778,46780,46783,46786],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,46776,46777],{"class":3306},"    except",[49,46779,41350],{"class":1174},[49,46781,46782],{"class":3306}," as",[49,46784,46785],{"class":55}," error",[49,46787,5826],{"class":63},[49,46789,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800,46802,46805,46807,46810,46812,46815,46817,46819],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,46791,46762],{"class":104},[49,46793,108],{"class":63},[49,46795,21716],{"class":1497},[49,46797,347],{"class":350},[49,46799,8710],{"class":67},[49,46801,1904],{"class":94},[49,46803,46804],{"class":1497},"!r",[49,46806,21725],{"class":67},[49,46808,46809],{"class":350}," -> ",[49,46811,8710],{"class":67},[49,46813,46814],{"class":94},"error",[49,46816,21725],{"class":67},[49,46818,347],{"class":350},[49,46820,272],{"class":63},[20,46822,275],{},[40,46824,46826],{"className":42,"code":46825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46827,46828,46864,46896,46921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46829,46830,46832,46834,46836,46839,46842,46844,46846,46848,46851,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46831,2734],{"class":42752},[49,46833,39567],{"class":42756},[49,46835,2734],{"class":42752},[49,46837,46838],{"class":36790}," ->",[49,46840,46841],{"class":55}," invalid literal ",[49,46843,5391],{"class":3306},[49,46845,44700],{"class":1174},[49,46847,6800],{"class":63},[49,46849,46850],{"class":3306}," with",[49,46852,46853],{"class":55}," base ",[49,46855,221],{"class":67},[49,46857,135],{"class":63},[49,46859,2729],{"class":346},[49,46861,39567],{"class":350},[49,46863,29123],{"class":346},[49,46865,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,46867,2734],{"class":346},[49,46869,46717],{"class":350},[49,46871,2734],{"class":346},[49,46873,46838],{"class":36790},[49,46875,46841],{"class":55},[49,46877,5391],{"class":3306},[49,46879,44700],{"class":1174},[49,46881,6800],{"class":63},[49,46883,46850],{"class":3306},[49,46885,46853],{"class":55},[49,46887,221],{"class":67},[49,46889,135],{"class":63},[49,46891,2729],{"class":346},[49,46893,46717],{"class":350},[49,46895,29123],{"class":346},[49,46897,46898,46900,46902,46904,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46918],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,46899,3204],{"class":346},[49,46901,46838],{"class":36790},[49,46903,46841],{"class":55},[49,46905,5391],{"class":3306},[49,46907,44700],{"class":1174},[49,46909,6800],{"class":63},[49,46911,46850],{"class":3306},[49,46913,46853],{"class":55},[49,46915,221],{"class":67},[49,46917,135],{"class":63},[49,46919,46920],{"class":346}," ''\n",[49,46922,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,46924,2734],{"class":346},[49,46926,46730],{"class":350},[49,46928,2734],{"class":346},[49,46930,46838],{"class":36790},[49,46932,46841],{"class":55},[49,46934,5391],{"class":3306},[49,46936,44700],{"class":1174},[49,46938,6800],{"class":63},[49,46940,46850],{"class":3306},[49,46942,46853],{"class":55},[49,46944,221],{"class":67},[49,46946,135],{"class":63},[49,46948,2729],{"class":346},[49,46950,46730],{"class":350},[49,46952,29123],{"class":346},[20,46954,46955,46956,46958,46959,91],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[308,46957,8412],{"href":8411}," and the ",[308,46960,46961,1735],{"href":7652},[15,46962,2390],{},[35,46964,1092,46966,46968],{"id":46965},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46967,2309],{}," with floats",[20,46970,46971,46972,46974],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46973,2309],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46976,46977,46978,13474,46980,46982],{},"Important: ",[15,46979,2309],{},[30,46981,329],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[40,46984,46986],{"className":42,"code":46985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46987,46988,47002,47017,47033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46989,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46991,105],{"class":104},[49,46993,108],{"class":63},[49,46995,1621],{"class":1174},[49,46997,108],{"class":63},[49,46999,41408],{"class":67},[49,47001,1182],{"class":63},[49,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47015],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47005,105],{"class":104},[49,47007,108],{"class":63},[49,47009,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47011,108],{"class":63},[49,47013,47014],{"class":67},"3.1",[49,47016,1182],{"class":63},[49,47018,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47020,105],{"class":104},[49,47022,108],{"class":63},[49,47024,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47026,108],{"class":63},[49,47028,1453],{"class":59},[49,47030,41408],{"class":67},[49,47032,1182],{"class":63},[49,47034,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47036,105],{"class":104},[49,47038,108],{"class":63},[49,47040,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47042,108],{"class":63},[49,47044,1453],{"class":59},[49,47046,47014],{"class":67},[49,47048,1182],{"class":63},[20,47050,275],{},[40,47052,47054],{"className":42,"code":47053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47055,47056,47060,47064,47070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47057,47058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47059,46041],{"class":67},[49,47061,47062],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47063,46041],{"class":67},[49,47065,47066,47068],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47067,1453],{"class":59},[49,47069,46041],{"class":67},[49,47071,47072,47074],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47073,1453],{"class":59},[49,47075,46041],{"class":67},[20,47077,47078],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[137,47080,47081,47088],{},[140,47082,47083,483,47086],{},[15,47084,47085],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47087,1494],{},[140,47089,47090,483,47093],{},[15,47091,47092],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47094,47095],{},"-3",[20,47097,47098,47099,47103,47104,91],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[308,47100,47101],{"href":2313},[15,47102,2316],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[308,47105,47106],{"href":41598},[15,47107,47108],{},"str()",[35,47110,1092,47112,47114],{"id":47111},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47113,2309],{}," with booleans",[20,47116,47117],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[40,47119,47121],{"className":42,"code":47120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47122,47123,47137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47124,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47126,105],{"class":104},[49,47128,108],{"class":63},[49,47130,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47132,108],{"class":63},[49,47134,3039],{"class":3281},[49,47136,1182],{"class":63},[49,47138,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47140,105],{"class":104},[49,47142,108],{"class":63},[49,47144,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47146,108],{"class":63},[49,47148,3105],{"class":3281},[49,47150,1182],{"class":63},[20,47152,275],{},[40,47154,47156],{"className":42,"code":47155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n0\n",[15,47157,47158,47162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47159,47160],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47161,46341],{"class":67},[49,47163,47164],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47165,46676],{"class":67},[20,47167,47168],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[40,47170,47172],{"className":42,"code":47171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47173,47174,47183,47198,47202],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47175,47176,47179,47181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47177,47178],{"class":55},"passed ",[49,47180,60],{"class":59},[49,47182,5855],{"class":3281},[49,47184,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193,47196],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47186,40606],{"class":55},[49,47188,60],{"class":59},[49,47190,44700],{"class":1174},[49,47192,108],{"class":63},[49,47194,47195],{"class":94},"passed",[49,47197,272],{"class":63},[49,47199,47200],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47201,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,47203,47204,47206,47208,47210],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47205,105],{"class":104},[49,47207,108],{"class":63},[49,47209,40635],{"class":94},[49,47211,272],{"class":63},[20,47213,275],{},[40,47215,47216],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47217,47218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47219,47220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47221,46341],{"class":67},[20,47223,47224,47225,91],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[308,47226,47227,1735],{"href":5213},[15,47228,3242],{},[35,47230,47232],{"id":47231},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47234,47235,47236,47239],{},"Use the ",[15,47237,47238],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[528,47241,47243],{"id":47242},"binary-example","Binary example",[40,47245,47247],{"className":42,"code":47246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47248,47249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47250,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47252,105],{"class":104},[49,47254,108],{"class":63},[49,47256,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47258,108],{"class":63},[49,47260,347],{"class":346},[49,47262,46016],{"class":350},[49,47264,347],{"class":346},[49,47266,71],{"class":63},[49,47268,74],{"class":67},[49,47270,1182],{"class":63},[20,47272,275],{},[40,47274,47275],{"className":42,"code":2379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47276,47277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47278,47279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47280,2379],{"class":67},[20,47282,47283,47286],{},[15,47284,47285],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[137,47288,47289,47294,47299],{},[140,47290,47291],{},[15,47292,47293],{},"1 × 4",[140,47295,47296],{},[15,47297,47298],{},"0 × 2",[140,47300,47301],{},[15,47302,47303],{},"1 × 1",[20,47305,47306,47307,91],{},"So the result is ",[15,47308,1569],{},[528,47310,47312],{"id":47311},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[40,47314,47316],{"className":42,"code":47315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47317,47318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47319,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47321,105],{"class":104},[49,47323,108],{"class":63},[49,47325,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47327,108],{"class":63},[49,47329,347],{"class":346},[49,47331,46441],{"class":350},[49,47333,347],{"class":346},[49,47335,71],{"class":63},[49,47337,13408],{"class":67},[49,47339,1182],{"class":63},[20,47341,275],{},[40,47343,47344],{"className":42,"code":46470,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47345,47346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47347,47348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47349,46470],{"class":67},[528,47351,47353],{"id":47352},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47355,1409,47356,47358],{},[15,47357,47238],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47360,47361],{},"Good:",[40,47363,47364],{"className":42,"code":47246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47365,47366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47367,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47369,105],{"class":104},[49,47371,108],{"class":63},[49,47373,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47375,108],{"class":63},[49,47377,347],{"class":346},[49,47379,46016],{"class":350},[49,47381,347],{"class":346},[49,47383,71],{"class":63},[49,47385,74],{"class":67},[49,47387,1182],{"class":63},[20,47389,47390],{},"Not correct:",[40,47392,47394],{"className":42,"code":47393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47395,47396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47397,47398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47399,47393],{"class":116},[20,47401,47402,47403,8032,47405,47407],{},"That causes a ",[15,47404,2437],{},[15,47406,47238],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[35,47409,47411],{"id":47410},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47413,47414,47415,47417,47418,618,47420,91],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47416,2309],{}," are ",[15,47419,40128],{},[15,47421,2437],{},[528,47423,47424],{"id":40937},[15,47425,40128],{},[20,47427,47428],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47430,761],{},[40,47432,47434],{"className":42,"code":47433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47435,47436,47442,47460,47472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47437,47438,47440],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47439,29227],{"class":3306},[49,47441,5826],{"class":63},[49,47443,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47445,7501],{"class":104},[49,47447,108],{"class":63},[49,47449,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47451,108],{"class":63},[49,47453,347],{"class":346},[49,47455,39567],{"class":350},[49,47457,347],{"class":346},[49,47459,1182],{"class":63},[49,47461,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47463,29258],{"class":3306},[49,47465,41350],{"class":1174},[49,47467,46782],{"class":3306},[49,47469,46785],{"class":55},[49,47471,5826],{"class":63},[49,47473,47474,47476,47478,47480],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47475,7501],{"class":104},[49,47477,108],{"class":63},[49,47479,46814],{"class":94},[49,47481,272],{"class":63},[20,47483,275],{},[40,47485,47487],{"className":42,"code":47486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47488,47489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47490,47491,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47492,47493],{"class":55},"invalid literal ",[49,47495,5391],{"class":3306},[49,47497,44700],{"class":1174},[49,47499,6800],{"class":63},[49,47501,46850],{"class":3306},[49,47503,46853],{"class":55},[49,47505,221],{"class":67},[49,47507,135],{"class":63},[49,47509,2729],{"class":346},[49,47511,39567],{"class":350},[49,47513,29123],{"class":346},[20,47515,47516,47517,47520,47521,47523],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47518,47519],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47522,2309],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[40,47525,47527],{"className":42,"code":47526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47528,47529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47530,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47532,105],{"class":104},[49,47534,108],{"class":63},[49,47536,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47538,108],{"class":63},[49,47540,1625],{"class":1174},[49,47542,108],{"class":63},[49,47544,347],{"class":346},[49,47546,39567],{"class":350},[49,47548,347],{"class":346},[49,47550,2344],{"class":63},[20,47552,275],{},[40,47554,47555],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47556,47557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47558,47559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47560,46041],{"class":67},[20,47562,47563,47564,618,47567,91],{},"If you see this often, read ",[308,47565,47566],{"href":2394},"how to convert string to int in Python",[308,47568,25102,47569],{"href":45340},[15,47570,45341],{},[528,47572,47573],{"id":41003},[15,47574,2437],{},[20,47576,47577],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47579,761],{},[40,47581,47583],{"className":42,"code":47582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47584,47585,47591,47605,47618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47586,47587,47589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47588,29227],{"class":3306},[49,47590,5826],{"class":63},[49,47592,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47594,7501],{"class":104},[49,47596,108],{"class":63},[49,47598,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47600,108],{"class":63},[49,47602,323],{"class":3281},[49,47604,1182],{"class":63},[49,47606,47607,47609,47612,47614,47616],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47608,29258],{"class":3306},[49,47610,47611],{"class":1174}," TypeError",[49,47613,46782],{"class":3306},[49,47615,46785],{"class":55},[49,47617,5826],{"class":63},[49,47619,47620,47622,47624,47626],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47621,7501],{"class":104},[49,47623,108],{"class":63},[49,47625,46814],{"class":94},[49,47627,272],{"class":63},[20,47629,275],{},[40,47631,47633],{"className":42,"code":47632,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47634,47635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47636,47637,47639,47641,47644,47646,47648,47651,47653,47656,47658,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47638,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47640,6800],{"class":63},[49,47642,47643],{"class":55}," argument must be a string",[49,47645,71],{"class":63},[49,47647,43968],{"class":55},[49,47649,47650],{"class":1174},"bytes",[49,47652,1453],{"class":59},[49,47654,47655],{"class":55},"like ",[49,47657,41822],{"class":1174},[49,47659,47660],{"class":59}," or",[49,47662,40264],{"class":55},[49,47664,71],{"class":63},[49,47666,7532],{"class":59},[49,47668,2729],{"class":346},[49,47670,47671],{"class":350},"NoneType",[49,47673,29123],{"class":346},[20,47675,47676,47677,47679],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47678,47238],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[40,47681,47683],{"className":42,"code":47682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47684,47685,47691,47709,47721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47686,47687,47689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47688,29227],{"class":3306},[49,47690,5826],{"class":63},[49,47692,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47694,7501],{"class":104},[49,47696,108],{"class":63},[49,47698,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47700,108],{"class":63},[49,47702,46016],{"class":67},[49,47704,71],{"class":63},[49,47706,74],{"class":67},[49,47708,1182],{"class":63},[49,47710,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47712,29258],{"class":3306},[49,47714,47611],{"class":1174},[49,47716,46782],{"class":3306},[49,47718,46785],{"class":55},[49,47720,5826],{"class":63},[49,47722,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47724,7501],{"class":104},[49,47726,108],{"class":63},[49,47728,46814],{"class":94},[49,47730,272],{"class":63},[20,47732,275],{},[40,47734,47736],{"className":42,"code":47735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47737,47738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47739,47740,47742,47744,47747,47749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47741,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47743,6800],{"class":63},[49,47745,47746],{"class":55}," can",[49,47748,2734],{"class":346},[49,47750,47751],{"class":350},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[35,47753,740,47755],{"id":47754},"when-to-use-int",[15,47756,2309],{},[20,47758,120,47759,47761],{},[15,47760,2309],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47763,47764],{},"Common uses:",[137,47766,47767,47773,47776,47779],{},[140,47768,47769,47770,47772],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47771,2390],{}," into integers",[140,47774,47775],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[140,47777,47778],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[140,47780,47781,47782,36038],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47783,47238],{},[20,47785,47786],{},"Example with user input:",[40,47788,47790],{"className":42,"code":47789,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47791,47792,47806,47821,47825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47793,47794,47797,47799,47801,47804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47795,47796],{"class":55},"age_text ",[49,47798,60],{"class":59},[49,47800,357],{"class":346},[49,47802,47803],{"class":350},"18",[49,47805,1124],{"class":346},[49,47807,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47819],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47809,21050],{"class":55},[49,47811,60],{"class":59},[49,47813,44700],{"class":1174},[49,47815,108],{"class":63},[49,47817,47818],{"class":94},"age_text",[49,47820,272],{"class":63},[49,47822,47823],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47824,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,47826,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47828,105],{"class":104},[49,47830,108],{"class":63},[49,47832,21050],{"class":94},[49,47834,1491],{"class":59},[49,47836,4930],{"class":67},[49,47838,272],{"class":63},[20,47840,275],{},[40,47842,47844],{"className":42,"code":47843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19\n",[15,47845,47846],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47847,47848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47849,47843],{"class":67},[35,47851,2261],{"id":2260},[20,47853,14154,47854,91],{},[15,47855,2309],{},[528,47857,47859],{"id":47858},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47861,47862],{},"This fails:",[40,47864,47866],{"className":42,"code":47865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47867,47868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47869,47870],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47871,47865],{"class":116},[20,47873,47874,47875,47878],{},"Why: ",[15,47876,47877],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47880,18263],{},[40,47882,47884],{"className":42,"code":47883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47885,47886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47887,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47889,105],{"class":104},[49,47891,108],{"class":63},[49,47893,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47895,108],{"class":63},[49,47897,1625],{"class":1174},[49,47899,108],{"class":63},[49,47901,347],{"class":346},[49,47903,40547],{"class":350},[49,47905,347],{"class":346},[49,47907,2344],{"class":63},[528,47909,47911],{"id":47910},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47913,47862],{},[40,47915,47917],{"className":42,"code":47916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47918,47919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47920,47921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47922,47916],{"class":116},[20,47924,47925],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[528,47927,47929,47930],{"id":47928},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47931,47932],{},"int(None)",[20,47934,47935,47936,47938],{},"This fails because ",[15,47937,323],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[40,47940,47942],{"className":42,"code":47941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47943,47944,47953,47957,47963,47977,47989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47945,47946,47948,47950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47947,1878],{"class":55},[49,47949,60],{"class":59},[49,47951,47952],{"class":3281}," None\n",[49,47954,47955],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,47956,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,47958,47959,47961],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,47960,29227],{"class":3306},[49,47962,5826],{"class":63},[49,47964,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,47966,7501],{"class":104},[49,47968,108],{"class":63},[49,47970,1621],{"class":1174},[49,47972,108],{"class":63},[49,47974,1904],{"class":94},[49,47976,1182],{"class":63},[49,47978,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,47980,29258],{"class":3306},[49,47982,47611],{"class":1174},[49,47984,46782],{"class":3306},[49,47986,46785],{"class":55},[49,47988,5826],{"class":63},[49,47990,47991,47993,47995,47997],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,47992,7501],{"class":104},[49,47994,108],{"class":63},[49,47996,46814],{"class":94},[49,47998,272],{"class":63},[528,48000,48002],{"id":48001},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48004,47862],{},[40,48006,48007],{"className":42,"code":47393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48008,48009],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48010,48011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48012,47393],{"class":116},[20,48014,48015],{},"Use a string instead:",[40,48017,48018],{"className":42,"code":47246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48019,48020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48021,48022,48024,48026,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48023,105],{"class":104},[49,48025,108],{"class":63},[49,48027,1621],{"class":1174},[49,48029,108],{"class":63},[49,48031,347],{"class":346},[49,48033,46016],{"class":350},[49,48035,347],{"class":346},[49,48037,71],{"class":63},[49,48039,74],{"class":67},[49,48041,1182],{"class":63},[528,48043,1011,48045,48047],{"id":48044},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48046,2309],{}," to round",[20,48049,48050],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[40,48052,48054],{"className":42,"code":48053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48055,48056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48057,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48059,105],{"class":104},[49,48061,108],{"class":63},[49,48063,1621],{"class":1174},[49,48065,108],{"class":63},[49,48067,48068],{"class":67},"4.9",[49,48070,1182],{"class":63},[20,48072,275],{},[40,48074,48076],{"className":42,"code":48075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n",[15,48077,48078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48079,48080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48081,48075],{"class":67},[20,48083,2602,48084,48086,48087,48089],{},[15,48085,1569],{},", remember that ",[15,48088,2309],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[35,48091,1253],{"id":1252},[528,48093,1257,48095,48097],{"id":48094},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48096,2309],{}," round numbers?",[20,48099,45789,48100,48102],{},[15,48101,2309],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[528,48104,4589,48106,48109],{"id":48105},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48107,48108],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48111,28484,48112,48114,48115,48117,48118,39353],{},[15,48113,47519],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48116,2316],{}," first, then use ",[15,48119,2309],{},[528,48121,4573,48123,12137],{"id":48122},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48124,48125],{},"int(True)",[20,48127,4579,48128,27737,48130,483,48132,91],{},[15,48129,68],{},[15,48131,3105],{},[15,48133,1552],{},[528,48135,48137],{"id":48136},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48139,48140],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[35,48142,1309],{"id":1308},[137,48144,48145,48151,48157,48163,48168,48172,48178],{},[140,48146,48147],{},[308,48148,48149,2943],{"href":2313},[15,48150,2316],{},[140,48152,48153],{},[308,48154,48155,2943],{"href":41598},[15,48156,47108],{},[140,48158,48159],{},[308,48160,48161,2943],{"href":5213},[15,48162,3242],{},[140,48164,48165],{},[308,48166,48167],{"href":2394},"How to convert string to int in Python",[140,48169,48170],{},[308,48171,8489],{"href":8411},[140,48173,48174],{},[308,48175,48176,2943],{"href":7652},[15,48177,2390],{},[140,48179,48180],{},[308,48181,1346,48182],{"href":45340},[15,48183,45341],{},[1352,48185,48186],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":48188},[48189,48190,48192,48196,48201,48203,48205,48210,48214,48216,48225,48234],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":46053,"depth":85,"text":48191},"What int() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":48193},[48194,48195],{"id":46244,"depth":101,"text":46247},{"id":46344,"depth":101,"text":46347},{"id":46480,"depth":85,"text":48197,"children":48198},"Using int() with strings",[48199,48200],{"id":46602,"depth":101,"text":46603},{"id":46690,"depth":101,"text":46691},{"id":46965,"depth":85,"text":48202},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47111,"depth":85,"text":48204},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47231,"depth":85,"text":47232,"children":48206},[48207,48208,48209],{"id":47242,"depth":101,"text":47243},{"id":47311,"depth":101,"text":47312},{"id":47352,"depth":101,"text":47353},{"id":47410,"depth":85,"text":47411,"children":48211},[48212,48213],{"id":40937,"depth":101,"text":40128},{"id":41003,"depth":101,"text":2437},{"id":47754,"depth":85,"text":48215},"When to use int()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":48217},[48218,48219,48220,48222,48223],{"id":47858,"depth":101,"text":47859},{"id":47910,"depth":101,"text":47911},{"id":47928,"depth":101,"text":48221},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48001,"depth":101,"text":48002},{"id":48044,"depth":101,"text":48224},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":48226},[48227,48229,48231,48233],{"id":48094,"depth":101,"text":48228},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48105,"depth":101,"text":48230},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48122,"depth":101,"text":48232},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48136,"depth":101,"text":48137},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41520,"description":48235},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48242,"title":48243,"body":48244,"description":50080,"extension":1392,"meta":50081,"navigation":243,"path":44226,"seo":50082,"stem":50083,"__hash__":50084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48245,"toc":50036},[48246,48251,48256,48264,48273,48275,48334,48340,48345,48350,48353,48381,48384,48387,48398,48408,48410,48412,48432,48436,48464,48466,48505,48507,48515,48517,48520,48524,48577,48579,48591,48595,48652,48654,48666,48672,48678,48682,48685,48688,48754,48756,48768,48774,48776,48828,48831,48872,48875,48882,48891,48897,48900,48933,48939,48942,48973,48979,48982,48994,48998,49003,49007,49165,49167,49182,49185,49189,49293,49295,49312,49316,49377,49379,49387,49390,49394,49461,49463,49472,49478,49480,49489,49491,49526,49531,49533,49563,49567,49569,49606,49609,49611,49648,49654,49656,49706,49708,49716,49726,49732,49736,49741,49790,49792,49805,49808,49810,49813,49888,49891,49910,49913,49943,49953,49955,49960,49967,49973,49979,49986,49994,50000,50003,50005,50033],[10,48247,3010,48249,3014],{"id":48248},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48250,44229],{},[20,48252,48253,48255],{},[15,48254,44229],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48257,48258,48259,2310,48261,48263],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48260,3039],{},[15,48262,3105],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48265,48266,48267,48269,48270,48272],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48268,44229],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48271,1734],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[35,48274,38],{"id":37},[40,48276,48278],{"className":42,"code":48277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48279,48280,48288,48292,48313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48281,48282,48284,48286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48283,1878],{"class":55},[49,48285,60],{"class":59},[49,48287,2017],{"class":67},[49,48289,48290],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48291,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48293,48294,48296,48298,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309,48311],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48295,105],{"class":104},[49,48297,108],{"class":63},[49,48299,48300],{"class":104},"isinstance",[49,48302,108],{"class":63},[49,48304,1904],{"class":94},[49,48306,71],{"class":63},[49,48308,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48310,4793],{"class":63},[49,48312,43278],{"class":116},[49,48314,48315,48317,48319,48321,48323,48325,48327,48330,48332],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,48316,105],{"class":104},[49,48318,108],{"class":63},[49,48320,48300],{"class":104},[49,48322,108],{"class":63},[49,48324,1904],{"class":94},[49,48326,71],{"class":63},[49,48328,48329],{"class":1174}," str",[49,48331,4793],{"class":63},[49,48333,43295],{"class":116},[20,48335,120,48336,48339],{},[15,48337,48338],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[35,48341,127,48343,130],{"id":48342},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48344,44229],{},[20,48346,48347,48349],{},[15,48348,44229],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48351,48352],{},"It:",[137,48354,48355,48358,48364,48367],{},[140,48356,48357],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[140,48359,10851,48360,2310,48362],{},[15,48361,3039],{},[15,48363,3105],{},[140,48365,48366],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[140,48368,48369,48370,1622,48372,1622,48374,1622,48376,16495,48379],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48371,2877],{},[15,48373,1621],{},[15,48375,7526],{},[15,48377,48378],{},"tuple",[15,48380,8252],{},[20,48382,48383],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48385,48386],{},"For example, you might want to:",[137,48388,48389,48392,48395],{},[140,48390,48391],{},"loop through a list",[140,48393,48394],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[140,48396,48397],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48399,48400,48401,2310,48404,91],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[308,48402,44221],{"href":48403},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[308,48405,48407],{"href":48406},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[35,48409,164],{"id":163},[20,48411,1592],{},[40,48413,48415],{"className":42,"code":48414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48416,48417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48418,48419,48421,48423,48425,48427,48430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48420,48300],{"class":104},[49,48422,108],{"class":63},[49,48424,41822],{"class":1174},[49,48426,71],{"class":63},[49,48428,48429],{"class":94}," classinfo",[49,48431,272],{"class":63},[528,48433,48435],{"id":48434},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[137,48437,48438,48443,48457],{},[140,48439,48440,48442],{},[15,48441,41822],{}," is the value you want to test",[140,48444,48445,48448,48449,1622,48451,1622,48453,1626,48455],{},[15,48446,48447],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48450,1621],{},[15,48452,2877],{},[15,48454,7526],{},[15,48456,8252],{},[140,48458,48459,48460,2310,48462],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48461,3039],{},[15,48463,3105],{},[20,48465,761],{},[40,48467,48469],{"className":42,"code":48468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48470,48471,48483,48487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48472,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48474,7308],{"class":55},[49,48476,60],{"class":59},[49,48478,357],{"class":346},[49,48480,10933],{"class":350},[49,48482,1124],{"class":346},[49,48484,48485],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48486,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48488,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48490,105],{"class":104},[49,48492,108],{"class":63},[49,48494,48300],{"class":104},[49,48496,108],{"class":63},[49,48498,7103],{"class":94},[49,48500,71],{"class":63},[49,48502,48329],{"class":1174},[49,48504,1182],{"class":63},[20,48506,275],{},[40,48508,48509],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48510,48511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48512,48513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48514,3410],{"class":3281},[35,48516,201],{"id":200},[20,48518,48519],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[528,48521,48523],{"id":48522},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[40,48525,48527],{"className":42,"code":48526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48528,48529,48537,48541,48559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48530,48531,48533,48535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48532,1878],{"class":55},[49,48534,60],{"class":59},[49,48536,44649],{"class":67},[49,48538,48539],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48540,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48542,48543,48545,48547,48549,48551,48553,48555,48557],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48544,105],{"class":104},[49,48546,108],{"class":63},[49,48548,48300],{"class":104},[49,48550,108],{"class":63},[49,48552,1904],{"class":94},[49,48554,71],{"class":63},[49,48556,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48558,1182],{"class":63},[49,48560,48561,48563,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,48562,105],{"class":104},[49,48564,108],{"class":63},[49,48566,48300],{"class":104},[49,48568,108],{"class":63},[49,48570,1904],{"class":94},[49,48572,71],{"class":63},[49,48574,48329],{"class":1174},[49,48576,1182],{"class":63},[20,48578,275],{},[40,48580,48581],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48582,48583,48587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48584,48585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48586,3410],{"class":3281},[49,48588,48589],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48590,3471],{"class":3281},[528,48592,48594],{"id":48593},"check-text","Check text",[40,48596,48598],{"className":42,"code":48597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48599,48600,48612,48616,48634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48601,48602,48604,48606,48608,48610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48603,1114],{"class":55},[49,48605,60],{"class":59},[49,48607,357],{"class":346},[49,48609,1121],{"class":350},[49,48611,1124],{"class":346},[49,48613,48614],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48615,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48617,48618,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48630,48632],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48619,105],{"class":104},[49,48621,108],{"class":63},[49,48623,48300],{"class":104},[49,48625,108],{"class":63},[49,48627,1129],{"class":94},[49,48629,71],{"class":63},[49,48631,48329],{"class":1174},[49,48633,1182],{"class":63},[49,48635,48636,48638,48640,48642,48644,48646,48648,48650],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,48637,105],{"class":104},[49,48639,108],{"class":63},[49,48641,48300],{"class":104},[49,48643,108],{"class":63},[49,48645,1129],{"class":94},[49,48647,71],{"class":63},[49,48649,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48651,1182],{"class":63},[20,48653,275],{},[40,48655,48656],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48657,48658,48662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48659,48660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48661,3410],{"class":3281},[49,48663,48664],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48665,3471],{"class":3281},[20,48667,48668,48669,48671],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48670,44229],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48673,48674,48675,91],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[308,48676,48677],{"href":2394},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[35,48679,48681],{"id":48680},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48683,48684],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48686,48687],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[40,48689,48691],{"className":42,"code":48690,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48692,48693,48702,48706,48730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48694,48695,48697,48699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48696,1878],{"class":55},[49,48698,60],{"class":59},[49,48700,48701],{"class":67}," 3.5\n",[49,48703,48704],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48705,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48707,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48726,48728],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48709,105],{"class":104},[49,48711,108],{"class":63},[49,48713,48300],{"class":104},[49,48715,108],{"class":63},[49,48717,1904],{"class":94},[49,48719,71],{"class":63},[49,48721,8668],{"class":63},[49,48723,1621],{"class":1174},[49,48725,71],{"class":63},[49,48727,39679],{"class":1174},[49,48729,2344],{"class":63},[49,48731,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,48733,105],{"class":104},[49,48735,108],{"class":63},[49,48737,48300],{"class":104},[49,48739,108],{"class":63},[49,48741,1904],{"class":94},[49,48743,71],{"class":63},[49,48745,8668],{"class":63},[49,48747,2877],{"class":1174},[49,48749,71],{"class":63},[49,48751,21982],{"class":1174},[49,48753,2344],{"class":63},[20,48755,275],{},[40,48757,48758],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48759,48760,48764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48761,48762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48763,3410],{"class":3281},[49,48765,48766],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48767,3471],{"class":3281},[20,48769,48770,48771,48773],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48772,40261],{}," conditions.",[20,48775,7731],{},[40,48777,48779],{"className":42,"code":48778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48780,48781,48789,48793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48782,48783,48785,48787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48784,1878],{"class":55},[49,48786,60],{"class":59},[49,48788,48701],{"class":67},[49,48790,48791],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48792,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48794,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48796,105],{"class":104},[49,48798,108],{"class":63},[49,48800,1175],{"class":1174},[49,48802,108],{"class":63},[49,48804,1904],{"class":94},[49,48806,113],{"class":63},[49,48808,5841],{"class":59},[49,48810,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48812,47660],{"class":3306},[49,48814,48815],{"class":1174}," type",[49,48817,108],{"class":63},[49,48819,1904],{"class":94},[49,48821,113],{"class":63},[49,48823,5841],{"class":59},[49,48825,39679],{"class":1174},[49,48827,272],{"class":63},[20,48829,48830],{},"you can write this:",[40,48832,48834],{"className":42,"code":48833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48835,48836,48844,48848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48837,48838,48840,48842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48839,1878],{"class":55},[49,48841,60],{"class":59},[49,48843,48701],{"class":67},[49,48845,48846],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48847,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,48849,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862,48864,48866,48868,48870],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,48851,105],{"class":104},[49,48853,108],{"class":63},[49,48855,48300],{"class":104},[49,48857,108],{"class":63},[49,48859,1904],{"class":94},[49,48861,71],{"class":63},[49,48863,8668],{"class":63},[49,48865,1621],{"class":1174},[49,48867,71],{"class":63},[49,48869,39679],{"class":1174},[49,48871,2344],{"class":63},[20,48873,48874],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[35,48876,48878,10018,48880],{"id":48877},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48879,44229],{},[15,48881,1734],{},[20,48883,615,48884,618,48886,48890],{},[15,48885,44229],{},[308,48887,48888],{"href":1731},[15,48889,1734],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[528,48892,48894],{"id":48893},"typevalue-int",[15,48895,48896],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48898,48899],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[40,48901,48903],{"className":42,"code":48902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48904,48905,48913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48906,48907,48909,48911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48908,1878],{"class":55},[49,48910,60],{"class":59},[49,48912,2017],{"class":67},[49,48914,48915,48917,48919,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48916,105],{"class":104},[49,48918,108],{"class":63},[49,48920,1175],{"class":1174},[49,48922,108],{"class":63},[49,48924,1904],{"class":94},[49,48926,113],{"class":63},[49,48928,5841],{"class":59},[49,48930,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48932,272],{"class":63},[528,48934,48936],{"id":48935},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48937,48938],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48940,48941],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[40,48943,48945],{"className":42,"code":48944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48946,48947,48955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48948,48949,48951,48953],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48950,1878],{"class":55},[49,48952,60],{"class":59},[49,48954,2017],{"class":67},[49,48956,48957,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,48958,105],{"class":104},[49,48960,108],{"class":63},[49,48962,48300],{"class":104},[49,48964,108],{"class":63},[49,48966,1904],{"class":94},[49,48968,71],{"class":63},[49,48970,44700],{"class":1174},[49,48972,1182],{"class":63},[20,48974,48975,48976,48978],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48977,44229],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48980,48981],{},"In everyday code:",[137,48983,48984,48989],{},[140,48985,39414,48986,48988],{},[15,48987,1734],{}," when you need the exact type",[140,48990,39414,48991,48993],{},[15,48992,44229],{}," when you want a practical type check",[35,48995,48997],{"id":48996},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48999,49000,49001,91],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49002,44229],{},[528,49004,49006],{"id":49005},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[40,49008,49010],{"className":42,"code":49009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49011,49012,49030,49049,49061,49066,49084,49095,49099,49111,49115,49139],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49013,49014,49016,49019,49021,49023,49025,49028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49015,34272],{"class":1497},[49,49017,49018],{"class":34275}," repeat_text",[49,49020,108],{"class":63},[49,49022,1129],{"class":37086},[49,49024,71],{"class":63},[49,49026,49027],{"class":37086}," count",[49,49029,7773],{"class":63},[49,49031,49032,49034,49036,49039,49041,49043,49045,49047],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49033,5831],{"class":3306},[49,49035,7532],{"class":59},[49,49037,49038],{"class":104}," isinstance",[49,49040,108],{"class":63},[49,49042,1129],{"class":94},[49,49044,71],{"class":63},[49,49046,48329],{"class":1174},[49,49048,7773],{"class":63},[49,49050,49051,49054,49056,49059],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49052,49053],{"class":3306},"        return",[49,49055,357],{"class":346},[49,49057,49058],{"class":350},"text must be a string",[49,49060,1124],{"class":346},[49,49062,49063],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49064,49065],{"class":55},"    \n",[49,49067,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,49069,5831],{"class":3306},[49,49071,7532],{"class":59},[49,49073,49038],{"class":104},[49,49075,108],{"class":63},[49,49077,40683],{"class":94},[49,49079,71],{"class":63},[49,49081,44700],{"class":1174},[49,49083,7773],{"class":63},[49,49085,49086,49088,49090,49093],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,49087,49053],{"class":3306},[49,49089,357],{"class":346},[49,49091,49092],{"class":350},"count must be an integer",[49,49094,1124],{"class":346},[49,49096,49097],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,49098,49065],{"class":55},[49,49100,49101,49103,49106,49108],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,49102,34283],{"class":3306},[49,49104,49105],{"class":55}," text ",[49,49107,39296],{"class":59},[49,49109,49110],{"class":55}," count\n",[49,49112,49113],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,49114,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49116,49117,49119,49121,49124,49126,49128,49131,49133,49135,49137],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,49118,105],{"class":104},[49,49120,108],{"class":63},[49,49122,49123],{"class":94},"repeat_text",[49,49125,108],{"class":63},[49,49127,347],{"class":346},[49,49129,49130],{"class":350},"Hi ",[49,49132,347],{"class":346},[49,49134,71],{"class":63},[49,49136,79],{"class":67},[49,49138,1182],{"class":63},[49,49140,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163],{"class":51,"line":11019},[49,49142,105],{"class":104},[49,49144,108],{"class":63},[49,49146,49123],{"class":94},[49,49148,108],{"class":63},[49,49150,347],{"class":346},[49,49152,49130],{"class":350},[49,49154,347],{"class":346},[49,49156,71],{"class":63},[49,49158,357],{"class":346},[49,49160,1494],{"class":350},[49,49162,347],{"class":346},[49,49164,1182],{"class":63},[20,49166,275],{},[40,49168,49170],{"className":42,"code":49169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49171,49172,49177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49173,49174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49175,49176],{"class":55},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[49,49178,49179],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49180,49181],{"class":55},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49183,49184],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[528,49186,49188],{"id":49187},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[40,49190,49192],{"className":42,"code":49191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49193,49194,49226,49230,49246,49261,49278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49195,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49197,1878],{"class":55},[49,49199,60],{"class":59},[49,49201,64],{"class":63},[49,49203,347],{"class":346},[49,49205,308],{"class":350},[49,49207,347],{"class":346},[49,49209,71],{"class":63},[49,49211,357],{"class":346},[49,49213,360],{"class":350},[49,49215,347],{"class":346},[49,49217,71],{"class":63},[49,49219,357],{"class":346},[49,49221,369],{"class":350},[49,49223,347],{"class":346},[49,49225,82],{"class":63},[49,49227,49228],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49229,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49231,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242,49244],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49233,6431],{"class":3306},[49,49235,49038],{"class":104},[49,49237,108],{"class":63},[49,49239,1904],{"class":94},[49,49241,71],{"class":63},[49,49243,48329],{"class":1174},[49,49245,7773],{"class":63},[49,49247,49248,49250,49252,49254,49257,49259],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49249,7501],{"class":104},[49,49251,108],{"class":63},[49,49253,347],{"class":346},[49,49255,49256],{"class":350},"This is text",[49,49258,347],{"class":346},[49,49260,272],{"class":63},[49,49262,49263,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,49264,49265],{"class":3306},"elif",[49,49267,49038],{"class":104},[49,49269,108],{"class":63},[49,49271,1904],{"class":94},[49,49273,71],{"class":63},[49,49275,21982],{"class":1174},[49,49277,7773],{"class":63},[49,49279,49280,49282,49284,49286,49289,49291],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,49281,7501],{"class":104},[49,49283,108],{"class":63},[49,49285,347],{"class":346},[49,49287,49288],{"class":350},"This is a list",[49,49290,347],{"class":346},[49,49292,272],{"class":63},[20,49294,275],{},[40,49296,49298],{"className":42,"code":49297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a list\n",[15,49299,49300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49301,49302,49305,49307,49309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49303,49304],{"class":55},"This ",[49,49306,11617],{"class":59},[49,49308,43968],{"class":55},[49,49310,49311],{"class":1174},"list\n",[528,49313,49315],{"id":49314},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[40,49317,49319],{"className":42,"code":49318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49320,49321,49333,49337,49353,49367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49322,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49324,1878],{"class":55},[49,49326,60],{"class":59},[49,49328,357],{"class":346},[49,49330,45950],{"class":350},[49,49332,1124],{"class":346},[49,49334,49335],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49336,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49338,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49340,6431],{"class":3306},[49,49342,49038],{"class":104},[49,49344,108],{"class":63},[49,49346,1904],{"class":94},[49,49348,71],{"class":63},[49,49350,48329],{"class":1174},[49,49352,7773],{"class":63},[49,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49356,41314],{"class":55},[49,49358,60],{"class":59},[49,49360,44700],{"class":1174},[49,49362,108],{"class":63},[49,49364,1904],{"class":94},[49,49366,272],{"class":63},[49,49368,49369,49371,49373,49375],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,49370,7501],{"class":104},[49,49372,108],{"class":63},[49,49374,1672],{"class":94},[49,49376,272],{"class":63},[20,49378,275],{},[40,49380,49381],{"className":42,"code":46036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49382,49383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49384,49385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49386,46036],{"class":67},[20,49388,49389],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[528,49391,49393],{"id":49392},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[40,49395,49397],{"className":42,"code":49396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49398,49399,49423,49427,49443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49400,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49402,1878],{"class":55},[49,49404,60],{"class":59},[49,49406,9923],{"class":63},[49,49408,347],{"class":346},[49,49410,7103],{"class":350},[49,49412,347],{"class":346},[49,49414,135],{"class":63},[49,49416,357],{"class":346},[49,49418,12299],{"class":350},[49,49420,347],{"class":346},[49,49422,8741],{"class":63},[49,49424,49425],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49426,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49428,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49430,6431],{"class":3306},[49,49432,49038],{"class":104},[49,49434,108],{"class":63},[49,49436,1904],{"class":94},[49,49438,71],{"class":63},[49,49440,8602],{"class":1174},[49,49442,7773],{"class":63},[49,49444,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49446,7501],{"class":104},[49,49448,108],{"class":63},[49,49450,1904],{"class":94},[49,49452,938],{"class":63},[49,49454,347],{"class":346},[49,49456,7103],{"class":350},[49,49458,347],{"class":346},[49,49460,3319],{"class":63},[20,49462,275],{},[40,49464,49466],{"className":42,"code":49465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n",[15,49467,49468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49469,49470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49471,49465],{"class":55},[20,49473,49474,49475,49477],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49476,2437],{}," messages later.",[35,49479,863],{"id":862},[528,49481,49483,49484,871,49487],{"id":49482},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49485,49486],{},"\"int\"",[15,49488,1621],{},[20,49490,16066],{},[40,49492,49494],{"className":42,"code":49493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49495,49496,49504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49497,49498,49500,49502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49499,1878],{"class":55},[49,49501,60],{"class":59},[49,49503,2017],{"class":67},[49,49505,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49507,105],{"class":104},[49,49509,108],{"class":63},[49,49511,48300],{"class":104},[49,49513,108],{"class":63},[49,49515,1904],{"class":94},[49,49517,71],{"class":63},[49,49519,357],{"class":346},[49,49521,1621],{"class":350},[49,49523,347],{"class":346},[49,49525,1182],{"class":63},[20,49527,49528,49530],{},[15,49529,49486],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49532,16078],{},[40,49534,49535],{"className":42,"code":48944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49536,49537,49545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49538,49539,49541,49543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49540,1878],{"class":55},[49,49542,60],{"class":59},[49,49544,2017],{"class":67},[49,49546,49547,49549,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559,49561],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49548,105],{"class":104},[49,49550,108],{"class":63},[49,49552,48300],{"class":104},[49,49554,108],{"class":63},[49,49556,1904],{"class":94},[49,49558,71],{"class":63},[49,49560,44700],{"class":1174},[49,49562,1182],{"class":63},[528,49564,49566],{"id":49565},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49568,16066],{},[40,49570,49572],{"className":42,"code":49571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49573,49574,49582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49575,49576,49578,49580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49577,1878],{"class":55},[49,49579,60],{"class":59},[49,49581,34263],{"class":67},[49,49583,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49585,105],{"class":104},[49,49587,108],{"class":63},[49,49589,48300],{"class":104},[49,49591,108],{"class":63},[49,49593,1904],{"class":94},[49,49595,71],{"class":63},[49,49597,64],{"class":63},[49,49599,1621],{"class":1174},[49,49601,71],{"class":63},[49,49603,39679],{"class":1174},[49,49605,2431],{"class":63},[20,49607,49608],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49610,16078],{},[40,49612,49614],{"className":42,"code":49613,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49615,49616,49624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49617,49618,49620,49622],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49619,1878],{"class":55},[49,49621,60],{"class":59},[49,49623,34263],{"class":67},[49,49625,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49627,105],{"class":104},[49,49629,108],{"class":63},[49,49631,48300],{"class":104},[49,49633,108],{"class":63},[49,49635,1904],{"class":94},[49,49637,71],{"class":63},[49,49639,8668],{"class":63},[49,49641,1621],{"class":1174},[49,49643,71],{"class":63},[49,49645,39679],{"class":1174},[49,49647,2344],{"class":63},[528,49649,25197,49651,49653],{"id":49650},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49652,44229],{}," converts a value",[20,49655,18336],{},[40,49657,49659],{"className":42,"code":49658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49660,49661,49674,49692,49696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49662,49663,49665,49667,49669,49672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49664,1878],{"class":55},[49,49666,60],{"class":59},[49,49668,357],{"class":346},[49,49670,49671],{"class":350},"123",[49,49673,1124],{"class":346},[49,49675,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49677,382],{"class":55},[49,49679,60],{"class":59},[49,49681,49038],{"class":104},[49,49683,108],{"class":63},[49,49685,1904],{"class":94},[49,49687,71],{"class":63},[49,49689,44700],{"class":1174},[49,49691,272],{"class":63},[49,49693,49694],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49695,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49697,49698,49700,49702,49704],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49699,105],{"class":104},[49,49701,108],{"class":63},[49,49703,420],{"class":94},[49,49705,272],{"class":63},[20,49707,275],{},[40,49709,49710],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49711,49712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49713,49714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49715,3471],{"class":3281},[20,49717,49718,49719,49722,49723,49725],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49720,49721],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49724,49671],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49727,49728,49729,6064],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49730,49731],{},"int(value)",[528,49733,49735],{"id":49734},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49737,49738,49740],{},[15,49739,44229],{}," does not modify anything.",[40,49742,49744],{"className":42,"code":49743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49745,49746,49758,49762,49780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49747,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49749,1878],{"class":55},[49,49751,60],{"class":59},[49,49753,357],{"class":346},[49,49755,12978],{"class":350},[49,49757,1124],{"class":346},[49,49759,49760],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49761,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,49763,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776,49778],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49765,105],{"class":104},[49,49767,108],{"class":63},[49,49769,48300],{"class":104},[49,49771,108],{"class":63},[49,49773,1904],{"class":94},[49,49775,71],{"class":63},[49,49777,48329],{"class":1174},[49,49779,1182],{"class":63},[49,49781,49782,49784,49786,49788],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49783,105],{"class":104},[49,49785,108],{"class":63},[49,49787,1904],{"class":94},[49,49789,272],{"class":63},[20,49791,275],{},[40,49793,49795],{"className":42,"code":49794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n100\n",[15,49796,49797,49801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49798,49799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49800,3410],{"class":3281},[49,49802,49803],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49804,46687],{"class":67},[20,49806,49807],{},"The value stays the same.",[35,49809,25365],{"id":25364},[20,49811,49812],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[40,49814,49816],{"className":42,"code":49815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49817,49818,49832,49850,49874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49819,49820,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49821,105],{"class":104},[49,49823,108],{"class":63},[49,49825,1175],{"class":1174},[49,49827,108],{"class":63},[49,49829,1904],{"class":94},[49,49831,1182],{"class":63},[49,49833,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,49835,105],{"class":104},[49,49837,108],{"class":63},[49,49839,48300],{"class":104},[49,49841,108],{"class":63},[49,49843,1904],{"class":94},[49,49845,71],{"class":63},[49,49847,44700],{"class":1174},[49,49849,1182],{"class":63},[49,49851,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,49853,105],{"class":104},[49,49855,108],{"class":63},[49,49857,48300],{"class":104},[49,49859,108],{"class":63},[49,49861,1904],{"class":94},[49,49863,71],{"class":63},[49,49865,8668],{"class":63},[49,49867,1621],{"class":1174},[49,49869,71],{"class":63},[49,49871,39679],{"class":1174},[49,49873,2344],{"class":63},[49,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,49877,105],{"class":104},[49,49879,108],{"class":63},[49,49881,41203],{"class":104},[49,49883,108],{"class":63},[49,49885,1904],{"class":94},[49,49887,1182],{"class":63},[20,49889,49890],{},"These can help when:",[137,49892,49893,49896,49901,49904],{},[140,49894,49895],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[140,49897,49898,49899],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49900,2437],{},[140,49902,49903],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[140,49905,49906,49907,49909],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49908,44229],{}," is invalid",[20,49911,49912],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[137,49914,49915,49929,49935,49940],{},[140,49916,49917,49918,2310,49921,49924,49925,2310,49927],{},"using ",[15,49919,49920],{},"'int'",[15,49922,49923],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49926,1621],{},[15,49928,2877],{},[140,49930,49931,49932,49934],{},"expecting ",[15,49933,44229],{}," to convert a value",[140,49936,49917,49937,49939],{},[15,49938,1734],{}," when inherited types should also match",[140,49941,49942],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49944,49945,49946,91],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[308,49947,49949,49950],{"href":49948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49951,49952],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[35,49954,1253],{"id":1252},[528,49956,4573,49958,4576],{"id":49957},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49959,44229],{},[20,49961,4579,49962,49964,49965,91],{},[15,49963,3039],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49966,3105],{},[528,49968,4601,49970,49972],{"id":49969},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49971,44229],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49974,49975,49976,91],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49977,49978],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[528,49980,1279,49982,618,49984,1284],{"id":49981},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49983,44229],{},[15,49985,1734],{},[20,49987,49988,49990,49991,49993],{},[15,49989,1734],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49992,44229],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[528,49995,1257,49997,49999],{"id":49996},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49998,44229],{}," convert a value?",[20,50001,50002],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[35,50004,1309],{"id":1308},[137,50006,50007,50013,50017,50022,50027],{},[140,50008,50009],{},[308,50010,3010,50011,2943],{"href":1731},[15,50012,1734],{},[140,50014,50015],{},[308,50016,44221],{"href":48403},[140,50018,50019],{},[308,50020,50021],{"href":2394},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[140,50023,50024],{},[308,50025,50026],{"href":48406},"What is a data type in Python?",[140,50028,50029],{},[308,50030,49949,50031],{"href":49948},[15,50032,49952],{},[1352,50034,50035],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":50037},[50038,50039,50041,50044,50048,50049,50054,50060,50068,50069,50079],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":48342,"depth":85,"text":50040},"What isinstance() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":50042},[50043],{"id":48434,"depth":101,"text":48435},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201,"children":50045},[50046,50047],{"id":48522,"depth":101,"text":48523},{"id":48593,"depth":101,"text":48594},{"id":48680,"depth":85,"text":48681},{"id":48877,"depth":85,"text":50050,"children":50051},"isinstance() vs type()",[50052,50053],{"id":48893,"depth":101,"text":48896},{"id":48935,"depth":101,"text":48938},{"id":48996,"depth":85,"text":48997,"children":50055},[50056,50057,50058,50059],{"id":49005,"depth":101,"text":49006},{"id":49187,"depth":101,"text":49188},{"id":49314,"depth":101,"text":49315},{"id":49392,"depth":101,"text":49393},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":50061},[50062,50064,50065,50067],{"id":49482,"depth":101,"text":50063},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49565,"depth":101,"text":49566},{"id":49650,"depth":101,"text":50066},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49734,"depth":101,"text":49735},{"id":25364,"depth":85,"text":25365},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":50070},[50071,50073,50075,50077],{"id":49957,"depth":101,"text":50072},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49969,"depth":101,"text":50074},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49981,"depth":101,"text":50076},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49996,"depth":101,"text":50078},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48243,"description":50080},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50086,"title":50087,"body":50088,"description":52060,"extension":1392,"meta":52061,"navigation":243,"path":52062,"seo":52063,"stem":52064,"__hash__":52065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50089,"toc":52035},[50090,50093,50098,50103,50117,50120,50122,50197,50202,50206,50211,50214,50228,50230,50395,50408,50410,50412,50427,50430,50433,50446,50448,50546,50550,50556,50559,50568,50570,50605,50610,50631,50636,50641,50673,50676,50733,50737,50743,50746,50799,50801,50841,50844,50912,50915,50966,50973,50977,50983,51068,51074,51080,51129,51132,51135,51185,51187,51192,51196,51246,51250,51297,51301,51378,51382,51447,51450,51454,51459,51464,51476,51478,51497,51503,51506,51525,51530,51557,51564,51568,51574,51577,51672,51675,51678,51727,51732,51734,51738,51773,51776,51833,51843,51846,51880,51883,51885,51889,51892,51896,51899,51903,51906,51910,51923,51927,51932,51934,51984,51996,51998,52032],[10,50091,50087],{"id":50092},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50094,8554,50095,50097],{},[15,50096,41784],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50099,34827,50100,50102],{},[15,50101,41784],{}," to count:",[137,50104,50105,50108,50111,50114],{},[140,50106,50107],{},"characters in a string",[140,50109,50110],{},"items in a list or tuple",[140,50112,50113],{},"keys in a dictionary",[140,50115,50116],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50118,50119],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[35,50121,1434],{"id":1433},[40,50123,50125],{"className":42,"code":50124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50126,50127,50139,50159,50163,50180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50128,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50130,1114],{"class":55},[49,50132,60],{"class":59},[49,50134,357],{"class":346},[49,50136,1121],{"class":350},[49,50138,1124],{"class":346},[49,50140,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50142,56],{"class":55},[49,50144,60],{"class":59},[49,50146,64],{"class":63},[49,50148,221],{"class":67},[49,50150,71],{"class":63},[49,50152,226],{"class":67},[49,50154,71],{"class":63},[49,50156,231],{"class":67},[49,50158,82],{"class":63},[49,50160,50161],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,50162,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,50164,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,50166,105],{"class":104},[49,50168,108],{"class":63},[49,50170,10592],{"class":104},[49,50172,108],{"class":63},[49,50174,1129],{"class":94},[49,50176,4793],{"class":63},[49,50178,50179],{"class":116},"   # 5\n",[49,50181,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,50183,105],{"class":104},[49,50185,108],{"class":63},[49,50187,10592],{"class":104},[49,50189,108],{"class":63},[49,50191,88],{"class":94},[49,50193,4793],{"class":63},[49,50195,50196],{"class":116},"  # 3\n",[20,50198,120,50199,50201],{},[15,50200,41784],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[35,50203,50205],{"id":50204},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50207,50208,50210],{},[15,50209,41784],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50212,50213],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[137,50215,50216,50219,50222,50225],{},[140,50217,50218],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[140,50220,50221],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[140,50223,50224],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[140,50226,50227],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50229,761],{},[40,50231,50233],{"className":42,"code":50232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50234,50235,50247,50271,50303,50323,50327,50344,50361,50378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50236,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50238,7308],{"class":55},[49,50240,60],{"class":59},[49,50242,357],{"class":346},[49,50244,7112],{"class":350},[49,50246,1124],{"class":346},[49,50248,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50250,214],{"class":55},[49,50252,60],{"class":59},[49,50254,64],{"class":63},[49,50256,221],{"class":67},[49,50258,71],{"class":63},[49,50260,226],{"class":67},[49,50262,71],{"class":63},[49,50264,231],{"class":67},[49,50266,71],{"class":63},[49,50268,236],{"class":67},[49,50270,82],{"class":63},[49,50272,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,50274,8597],{"class":55},[49,50276,60],{"class":59},[49,50278,9923],{"class":63},[49,50280,347],{"class":346},[49,50282,308],{"class":350},[49,50284,347],{"class":346},[49,50286,135],{"class":63},[49,50288,4930],{"class":67},[49,50290,71],{"class":63},[49,50292,357],{"class":346},[49,50294,360],{"class":350},[49,50296,347],{"class":346},[49,50298,135],{"class":63},[49,50300,74],{"class":67},[49,50302,8741],{"class":63},[49,50304,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,50306,3252],{"class":55},[49,50308,60],{"class":59},[49,50310,9923],{"class":63},[49,50312,1569],{"class":67},[49,50314,71],{"class":63},[49,50316,37067],{"class":67},[49,50318,71],{"class":63},[49,50320,5426],{"class":67},[49,50322,8741],{"class":63},[49,50324,50325],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,50326,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,50328,50329,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,50330,105],{"class":104},[49,50332,108],{"class":63},[49,50334,10592],{"class":104},[49,50336,108],{"class":63},[49,50338,7103],{"class":94},[49,50340,4793],{"class":63},[49,50342,50343],{"class":116},"     # 3\n",[49,50345,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,50347,105],{"class":104},[49,50349,108],{"class":63},[49,50351,10592],{"class":104},[49,50353,108],{"class":63},[49,50355,249],{"class":94},[49,50357,4793],{"class":63},[49,50359,50360],{"class":116},"  # 4\n",[49,50362,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,50364,105],{"class":104},[49,50366,108],{"class":63},[49,50368,10592],{"class":104},[49,50370,108],{"class":63},[49,50372,8636],{"class":94},[49,50374,4793],{"class":63},[49,50376,50377],{"class":116},"     # 2\n",[49,50379,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,50381,105],{"class":104},[49,50383,108],{"class":63},[49,50385,10592],{"class":104},[49,50387,108],{"class":63},[49,50389,4790],{"class":94},[49,50391,4793],{"class":63},[49,50393,50394],{"class":116},"   # 3\n",[20,50396,50397,50398,1622,50402,16495,50406,91],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[308,50399,50401],{"href":50400},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[308,50403,50405],{"href":50404},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[308,50407,8587],{"href":8586},[35,50409,164],{"id":163},[20,50411,1592],{},[40,50413,50415],{"className":42,"code":50414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(object)\n",[15,50416,50417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50418,50419,50421,50423,50425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50420,10592],{"class":104},[49,50422,108],{"class":63},[49,50424,41822],{"class":1174},[49,50426,272],{"class":63},[20,50428,50429],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50431,50432],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[137,50434,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443],{},[140,50436,37331],{},[140,50438,37325],{},[140,50440,37328],{},[140,50442,37334],{},[140,50444,50445],{},"a dictionary",[20,50447,761],{},[40,50449,50451],{"className":42,"code":50450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50452,50453,50474,50498,50520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50454,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50456,105],{"class":104},[49,50458,108],{"class":63},[49,50460,10592],{"class":104},[49,50462,108],{"class":63},[49,50464,347],{"class":346},[49,50466,44],{"class":350},[49,50468,347],{"class":346},[49,50470,4793],{"class":63},[49,50472,50473],{"class":116},"      # 6\n",[49,50475,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50477,105],{"class":104},[49,50479,108],{"class":63},[49,50481,10592],{"class":104},[49,50483,2418],{"class":63},[49,50485,68],{"class":67},[49,50487,71],{"class":63},[49,50489,74],{"class":67},[49,50491,71],{"class":63},[49,50493,79],{"class":67},[49,50495,4166],{"class":63},[49,50497,50343],{"class":116},[49,50499,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50517],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,50501,105],{"class":104},[49,50503,108],{"class":63},[49,50505,10592],{"class":104},[49,50507,4943],{"class":63},[49,50509,221],{"class":67},[49,50511,71],{"class":63},[49,50513,226],{"class":67},[49,50515,50516],{"class":63},")))",[49,50518,50519],{"class":116},"      # 2\n",[49,50521,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50543],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,50523,105],{"class":104},[49,50525,108],{"class":63},[49,50527,10592],{"class":104},[49,50529,4962],{"class":63},[49,50531,347],{"class":346},[49,50533,1606],{"class":350},[49,50535,347],{"class":346},[49,50537,135],{"class":63},[49,50539,4930],{"class":67},[49,50541,50542],{"class":63},"}))",[49,50544,50545],{"class":116},"      # 1\n",[35,50547,50549],{"id":50548},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50551,50552,50553,50555],{},"When you use ",[15,50554,41784],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50557,50558],{},"That includes:",[137,50560,50561,50563,50565],{},[140,50562,35566],{},[140,50564,9884],{},[140,50566,50567],{},"punctuation",[20,50569,761],{},[40,50571,50573],{"className":42,"code":50572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50574,50575,50588],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50576,50577,50579,50581,50583,50586],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50578,1114],{"class":55},[49,50580,60],{"class":59},[49,50582,357],{"class":346},[49,50584,50585],{"class":350},"Hi there!",[49,50587,1124],{"class":346},[49,50589,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50591,105],{"class":104},[49,50593,108],{"class":63},[49,50595,10592],{"class":104},[49,50597,108],{"class":63},[49,50599,1129],{"class":94},[49,50601,4793],{"class":63},[49,50603,50604],{"class":116},"  # 9\n",[20,50606,50607,50608,1284],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50609,1577],{},[137,50611,50612,50618,50622,50625],{},[140,50613,50614,50617],{},[15,50615,50616],{},"H"," = 1",[140,50619,50620,50617],{},[15,50621,35577],{},[140,50623,50624],{},"space = 1",[140,50626,50627,50630],{},[15,50628,50629],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50632,50633,50634],{},"Total: ",[15,50635,1577],{},[20,50637,50638,50639,135],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50640,1552],{},[40,50642,50644],{"className":42,"code":50643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50645,50646,50655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50647,50648,50651,50653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50649,50650],{"class":55},"empty_text ",[49,50652,60],{"class":59},[49,50654,7313],{"class":346},[49,50656,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50668,50670],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50658,105],{"class":104},[49,50660,108],{"class":63},[49,50662,10592],{"class":104},[49,50664,108],{"class":63},[49,50666,50667],{"class":94},"empty_text",[49,50669,4793],{"class":63},[49,50671,50672],{"class":116},"  # 0\n",[20,50674,50675],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[40,50677,50679],{"className":42,"code":50678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50680,50681,50694,50698,50718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50682,50683,50686,50688,50690,50692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50684,50685],{"class":55},"user_name ",[49,50687,60],{"class":59},[49,50689,357],{"class":346},[49,50691,4434],{"class":350},[49,50693,1124],{"class":346},[49,50695,50696],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50697,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,50699,50700,50702,50704,50706,50709,50711,50714,50716],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,50701,6431],{"class":3306},[49,50703,37809],{"class":104},[49,50705,108],{"class":63},[49,50707,50708],{"class":94},"user_name",[49,50710,113],{"class":63},[49,50712,50713],{"class":59}," >=",[49,50715,79],{"class":67},[49,50717,5826],{"class":63},[49,50719,50720,50722,50724,50726,50729,50731],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,50721,7501],{"class":104},[49,50723,108],{"class":63},[49,50725,347],{"class":346},[49,50727,50728],{"class":350},"Name is long enough",[49,50730,347],{"class":346},[49,50732,272],{"class":63},[35,50734,50736],{"id":50735},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50738,50739,50740,50742],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50741,41784],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50744,50745],{},"Example with a list:",[40,50747,50749],{"className":42,"code":50748,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50750,50751,50783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50752,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50754,12495],{"class":55},[49,50756,60],{"class":59},[49,50758,64],{"class":63},[49,50760,347],{"class":346},[49,50762,12512],{"class":350},[49,50764,347],{"class":346},[49,50766,71],{"class":63},[49,50768,357],{"class":346},[49,50770,16877],{"class":350},[49,50772,347],{"class":346},[49,50774,71],{"class":63},[49,50776,357],{"class":346},[49,50778,12529],{"class":350},[49,50780,347],{"class":346},[49,50782,82],{"class":63},[49,50784,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50786,105],{"class":104},[49,50788,108],{"class":63},[49,50790,10592],{"class":104},[49,50792,108],{"class":63},[49,50794,16924],{"class":94},[49,50796,4793],{"class":63},[49,50798,50196],{"class":116},[20,50800,37340],{},[40,50802,50804],{"className":42,"code":50803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50805,50806,50823],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50807,50808,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50809,50810],{"class":55},"point ",[49,50812,60],{"class":59},[49,50814,8668],{"class":63},[49,50816,221],{"class":67},[49,50818,71],{"class":63},[49,50820,226],{"class":67},[49,50822,272],{"class":63},[49,50824,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50836,50838],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50826,105],{"class":104},[49,50828,108],{"class":63},[49,50830,10592],{"class":104},[49,50832,108],{"class":63},[49,50834,50835],{"class":94},"point",[49,50837,4793],{"class":63},[49,50839,50840],{"class":116},"  # 2\n",[20,50842,50843],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[40,50845,50847],{"className":42,"code":50846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50848,50849,50873,50877,50895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50850,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50852,56],{"class":55},[49,50854,60],{"class":59},[49,50856,64],{"class":63},[49,50858,347],{"class":346},[49,50860,3510],{"class":350},[49,50862,347],{"class":346},[49,50864,71],{"class":63},[49,50866,357],{"class":346},[49,50868,3519],{"class":350},[49,50870,347],{"class":346},[49,50872,82],{"class":63},[49,50874,50875],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50876,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,50880,6431],{"class":3306},[49,50882,37809],{"class":104},[49,50884,108],{"class":63},[49,50886,88],{"class":94},[49,50888,113],{"class":63},[49,50890,37819],{"class":59},[49,50892,4930],{"class":67},[49,50894,5826],{"class":63},[49,50896,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,50898,7501],{"class":104},[49,50900,108],{"class":63},[49,50902,88],{"class":94},[49,50904,938],{"class":63},[49,50906,68],{"class":67},[49,50908,19869],{"class":63},[49,50910,50911],{"class":116},"  # banana\n",[20,50913,50914],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[40,50916,50918],{"className":42,"code":50917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50919,50920,50943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50921,50922,50924,50926,50928,50931,50933,50936,50938,50941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50923,4494],{"class":55},[49,50925,60],{"class":59},[49,50927,64],{"class":63},[49,50929,50930],{"class":67},"88",[49,50932,71],{"class":63},[49,50934,50935],{"class":67}," 91",[49,50937,71],{"class":63},[49,50939,50940],{"class":67}," 75",[49,50942,82],{"class":63},[49,50944,50945,50947,50949,50951,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50946,105],{"class":104},[49,50948,108],{"class":63},[49,50950,347],{"class":346},[49,50952,50953],{"class":350},"Number of scores:",[49,50955,347],{"class":346},[49,50957,71],{"class":63},[49,50959,37809],{"class":104},[49,50961,108],{"class":63},[49,50963,15811],{"class":94},[49,50965,1182],{"class":63},[20,50967,50968,50969,91],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[308,50970,50972],{"href":50971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[35,50974,50976],{"id":50975},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50978,50979,50980,50982],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50981,41784],{}," counts keys.",[40,50984,50986],{"className":42,"code":50985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50987,50988,50996,51014,51028,51044,51048,51052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50989,50990,50992,50994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50991,12282],{"class":55},[49,50993,60],{"class":59},[49,50995,10917],{"class":63},[49,50997,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,50999,10922],{"class":346},[49,51001,7103],{"class":350},[49,51003,347],{"class":346},[49,51005,135],{"class":63},[49,51007,357],{"class":346},[49,51009,7353],{"class":350},[49,51011,347],{"class":346},[49,51013,10938],{"class":63},[49,51015,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51017,10922],{"class":346},[49,51019,8731],{"class":350},[49,51021,347],{"class":346},[49,51023,135],{"class":63},[49,51025,30365],{"class":67},[49,51027,10938],{"class":63},[49,51029,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51031,10922],{"class":346},[49,51033,19314],{"class":350},[49,51035,347],{"class":346},[49,51037,135],{"class":63},[49,51039,357],{"class":346},[49,51041,21667],{"class":350},[49,51043,1124],{"class":346},[49,51045,51046],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,51047,8741],{"class":63},[49,51049,51050],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,51051,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51053,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,51055,105],{"class":104},[49,51057,108],{"class":63},[49,51059,10592],{"class":104},[49,51061,108],{"class":63},[49,51063,13046],{"class":94},[49,51065,4793],{"class":63},[49,51067,50196],{"class":116},[20,51069,51070,51071,51073],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51072,41784],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51075,51076,51077,51079],{},"For sets, ",[15,51078,41784],{}," counts unique items:",[40,51081,51083],{"className":42,"code":51082,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51084,51085,51113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51086,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51088,214],{"class":55},[49,51090,60],{"class":59},[49,51092,9923],{"class":63},[49,51094,68],{"class":67},[49,51096,71],{"class":63},[49,51098,74],{"class":67},[49,51100,71],{"class":63},[49,51102,79],{"class":67},[49,51104,71],{"class":63},[49,51106,79],{"class":67},[49,51108,71],{"class":63},[49,51110,74],{"class":67},[49,51112,8741],{"class":63},[49,51114,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51116,105],{"class":104},[49,51118,108],{"class":63},[49,51120,10592],{"class":104},[49,51122,108],{"class":63},[49,51124,249],{"class":94},[49,51126,4793],{"class":63},[49,51128,50196],{"class":116},[20,51130,51131],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51133,51134],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[40,51136,51138],{"className":42,"code":51137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51139,51140,51148,51152,51170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51141,51142,51144,51146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51143,8597],{"class":55},[49,51145,60],{"class":59},[49,51147,9270],{"class":63},[49,51149,51150],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51151,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51153,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51155,6431],{"class":3306},[49,51157,37809],{"class":104},[49,51159,108],{"class":63},[49,51161,8636],{"class":94},[49,51163,113],{"class":63},[49,51165,5841],{"class":59},[49,51167,3263],{"class":67},[49,51169,5826],{"class":63},[49,51171,51172,51174,51176,51178,51181,51183],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51173,7501],{"class":104},[49,51175,108],{"class":63},[49,51177,347],{"class":346},[49,51179,51180],{"class":350},"The dictionary is empty",[49,51182,347],{"class":346},[49,51184,272],{"class":63},[35,51186,40469],{"id":40468},[20,51188,51189,51190,91],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51191,41784],{},[528,51193,51195],{"id":51194},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[40,51197,51199],{"className":42,"code":51198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51200,51201,51209,51213,51231],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51202,51203,51205,51207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51204,56],{"class":55},[49,51206,60],{"class":59},[49,51208,526],{"class":63},[49,51210,51211],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51212,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51216,6431],{"class":3306},[49,51218,37809],{"class":104},[49,51220,108],{"class":63},[49,51222,88],{"class":94},[49,51224,113],{"class":63},[49,51226,5841],{"class":59},[49,51228,3263],{"class":67},[49,51230,5826],{"class":63},[49,51232,51233,51235,51237,51239,51242,51244],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51234,7501],{"class":104},[49,51236,108],{"class":63},[49,51238,347],{"class":346},[49,51240,51241],{"class":350},"The list is empty",[49,51243,347],{"class":346},[49,51245,272],{"class":63},[528,51247,51249],{"id":51248},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[40,51251,51253],{"className":42,"code":51252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51254,51255,51274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51256,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51270,51272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51258,5587],{"class":55},[49,51260,60],{"class":59},[49,51262,7675],{"class":104},[49,51264,108],{"class":63},[49,51266,347],{"class":346},[49,51268,51269],{"class":350},"Enter a word: ",[49,51271,347],{"class":346},[49,51273,272],{"class":63},[49,51275,51276,51278,51280,51282,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51277,105],{"class":104},[49,51279,108],{"class":63},[49,51281,347],{"class":346},[49,51283,51284],{"class":350},"Number of characters:",[49,51286,347],{"class":346},[49,51288,71],{"class":63},[49,51290,37809],{"class":104},[49,51292,108],{"class":63},[49,51294,37814],{"class":94},[49,51296,1182],{"class":63},[528,51298,51300],{"id":51299},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[40,51302,51304],{"className":42,"code":51303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51305,51306,51320,51324,51342,51357,51363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51307,51308,51311,51313,51315,51318],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51309,51310],{"class":55},"password ",[49,51312,60],{"class":59},[49,51314,357],{"class":346},[49,51316,51317],{"class":350},"secret123",[49,51319,1124],{"class":346},[49,51321,51322],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51323,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51325,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51327,6431],{"class":3306},[49,51329,37809],{"class":104},[49,51331,108],{"class":63},[49,51333,17043],{"class":94},[49,51335,113],{"class":63},[49,51337,50713],{"class":59},[49,51339,5792],{"class":67},[49,51341,5826],{"class":63},[49,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353,51355],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51345,7501],{"class":104},[49,51347,108],{"class":63},[49,51349,347],{"class":346},[49,51351,51352],{"class":350},"Password length is valid",[49,51354,347],{"class":346},[49,51356,272],{"class":63},[49,51358,51359,51361],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,51360,26857],{"class":3306},[49,51362,5826],{"class":63},[49,51364,51365,51367,51369,51371,51374,51376],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,51366,7501],{"class":104},[49,51368,108],{"class":63},[49,51370,347],{"class":346},[49,51372,51373],{"class":350},"Password is too short",[49,51375,347],{"class":346},[49,51377,272],{"class":63},[528,51379,51381],{"id":51380},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[40,51383,51385],{"className":42,"code":51384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51386,51387,51423],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51388,51389,51392,51394,51396,51398,51401,51403,51405,51407,51410,51412,51414,51416,51419,51421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51390,51391],{"class":55},"results ",[49,51393,60],{"class":59},[49,51395,64],{"class":63},[49,51397,347],{"class":346},[49,51399,51400],{"class":350},"item1",[49,51402,347],{"class":346},[49,51404,71],{"class":63},[49,51406,357],{"class":346},[49,51408,51409],{"class":350},"item2",[49,51411,347],{"class":346},[49,51413,71],{"class":63},[49,51415,357],{"class":346},[49,51417,51418],{"class":350},"item3",[49,51420,347],{"class":346},[49,51422,82],{"class":63},[49,51424,51425,51427,51429,51431,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51445],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51426,105],{"class":104},[49,51428,108],{"class":63},[49,51430,347],{"class":346},[49,51432,51433],{"class":350},"Items found:",[49,51435,347],{"class":346},[49,51437,71],{"class":63},[49,51439,37809],{"class":104},[49,51441,108],{"class":63},[49,51443,51444],{"class":94},"results",[49,51446,1182],{"class":63},[20,51448,51449],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[35,51451,51453],{"id":51452},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51455,51456,51458],{},[15,51457,41784],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51460,51461,51462,135],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51463,2437],{},[137,51465,51466,51469,51472],{},[140,51467,51468],{},"plain integers",[140,51470,51471],{},"floats",[140,51473,51474],{},[15,51475,323],{},[20,51477,761],{},[40,51479,51481],{"className":42,"code":51480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51482,51483],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51484,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51486,105],{"class":104},[49,51488,108],{"class":63},[49,51490,10592],{"class":104},[49,51492,108],{"class":63},[49,51494,1569],{"class":67},[49,51496,1182],{"class":63},[20,51498,51499,51500,51502],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51501,1569],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51504,51505],{},"Another example:",[40,51507,51509],{"className":42,"code":51508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51510,51511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51514,105],{"class":104},[49,51516,108],{"class":63},[49,51518,10592],{"class":104},[49,51520,108],{"class":63},[49,51522,39567],{"class":67},[49,51524,1182],{"class":63},[20,51526,51527,51528,135],{},"And with ",[15,51529,323],{},[40,51531,51533],{"className":42,"code":51532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51534,51535,51543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51536,51537,51539,51541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51538,1878],{"class":55},[49,51540,60],{"class":59},[49,51542,47952],{"class":3281},[49,51544,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51546,105],{"class":104},[49,51548,108],{"class":63},[49,51550,10592],{"class":104},[49,51552,108],{"class":63},[49,51554,1904],{"class":94},[49,51556,1182],{"class":63},[20,51558,51559,51560,91],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[308,51561,51563],{"href":51562},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[35,51565,51567],{"id":51566},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51569,51570,51571,51573],{},"Before using ",[15,51572,41784],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51575,51576],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[40,51578,51580],{"className":42,"code":51579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51581,51582,51590,51594,51604,51618,51636,51654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51583,51584,51586,51588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51585,1878],{"class":55},[49,51587,60],{"class":59},[49,51589,47952],{"class":3281},[49,51591,51592],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51593,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51595,51596,51598,51600,51602],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51597,105],{"class":104},[49,51599,108],{"class":63},[49,51601,1904],{"class":94},[49,51603,272],{"class":63},[49,51605,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51607,105],{"class":104},[49,51609,108],{"class":63},[49,51611,1175],{"class":1174},[49,51613,108],{"class":63},[49,51615,1904],{"class":94},[49,51617,1182],{"class":63},[49,51619,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,51621,105],{"class":104},[49,51623,108],{"class":63},[49,51625,48300],{"class":104},[49,51627,108],{"class":63},[49,51629,1904],{"class":94},[49,51631,71],{"class":63},[49,51633,48329],{"class":1174},[49,51635,1182],{"class":63},[49,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,51639,105],{"class":104},[49,51641,108],{"class":63},[49,51643,48300],{"class":104},[49,51645,108],{"class":63},[49,51647,1904],{"class":94},[49,51649,71],{"class":63},[49,51651,21982],{"class":1174},[49,51653,1182],{"class":63},[49,51655,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,51657,105],{"class":104},[49,51659,108],{"class":63},[49,51661,48300],{"class":104},[49,51663,108],{"class":63},[49,51665,1904],{"class":94},[49,51667,71],{"class":63},[49,51669,8602],{"class":1174},[49,51671,1182],{"class":63},[20,51673,51674],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51676,51677],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[40,51679,51681],{"className":42,"code":51680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51682,51683,51695,51699,51713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51684,51685,51687,51689,51691,51693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51686,1878],{"class":55},[49,51688,60],{"class":59},[49,51690,357],{"class":346},[49,51692,1121],{"class":350},[49,51694,1124],{"class":346},[49,51696,51697],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51698,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51700,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51702,6431],{"class":3306},[49,51704,21006],{"class":55},[49,51706,11617],{"class":59},[49,51708,7532],{"class":59},[49,51710,3282],{"class":3281},[49,51712,5826],{"class":63},[49,51714,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51716,7501],{"class":104},[49,51718,108],{"class":63},[49,51720,10592],{"class":104},[49,51722,108],{"class":63},[49,51724,1904],{"class":94},[49,51726,1182],{"class":63},[20,51728,51729,51730,91],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[308,51731,7873],{"href":1731},[35,51733,2261],{"id":2260},[20,51735,22517,51736,135],{},[15,51737,41784],{},[137,51739,51740,51748,51756,51764,51770],{},[140,51741,1092,51742,51744,51745],{},[15,51743,41784],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51746,51747],{},"len(5)",[140,51749,1092,51750,51752,51753],{},[15,51751,41784],{}," on a float like ",[15,51754,51755],{},"len(3.14)",[140,51757,1092,51758,51760,51761,51763],{},[15,51759,41784],{}," on ",[15,51762,323],{}," after a function returns nothing",[140,51765,4010,51766,51769],{},[15,51767,51768],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[140,51771,51772],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51774,51775],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[40,51777,51779],{"className":42,"code":51778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51780,51781,51817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51782,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51784,12624],{"class":55},[49,51786,60],{"class":59},[49,51788,9923],{"class":63},[49,51790,347],{"class":346},[49,51792,7103],{"class":350},[49,51794,347],{"class":346},[49,51796,135],{"class":63},[49,51798,357],{"class":346},[49,51800,12299],{"class":350},[49,51802,347],{"class":346},[49,51804,71],{"class":63},[49,51806,357],{"class":346},[49,51808,8731],{"class":350},[49,51810,347],{"class":346},[49,51812,135],{"class":63},[49,51814,226],{"class":67},[49,51816,8741],{"class":63},[49,51818,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51820,105],{"class":104},[49,51822,108],{"class":63},[49,51824,10592],{"class":104},[49,51826,108],{"class":63},[49,51828,16730],{"class":94},[49,51830,4793],{"class":63},[49,51832,50840],{"class":116},[20,51834,37018,51835,51837,51838,618,51840,91],{},[15,51836,1488],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51839,14661],{},[15,51841,51842],{},"\"age\"",[20,51844,51845],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[40,51847,51849],{"className":42,"code":51848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51850,51851,51864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51852,51853,51855,51857,51859,51862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51854,1114],{"class":55},[49,51856,60],{"class":59},[49,51858,357],{"class":346},[49,51860,51861],{"class":350},"a b",[49,51863,1124],{"class":346},[49,51865,51866,51868,51870,51872,51874,51876,51878],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51867,105],{"class":104},[49,51869,108],{"class":63},[49,51871,10592],{"class":104},[49,51873,108],{"class":63},[49,51875,1129],{"class":94},[49,51877,4793],{"class":63},[49,51879,50196],{"class":116},[20,51881,51882],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[35,51884,1253],{"id":1252},[528,51886,51888],{"id":51887},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51890,51891],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[528,51893,51895],{"id":51894},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51897,51898],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[528,51900,51902],{"id":51901},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51904,51905],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[528,51907,51909],{"id":51908},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51911,51912,51913,51915,51916,2310,51918,51920,51921,91],{},"No. Using ",[15,51914,41784],{}," on an ",[15,51917,1621],{},[15,51919,1625],{}," raises a ",[15,51922,2437],{},[528,51924,51926],{"id":51925},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51928,7198,51929,91],{},[15,51930,51931],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51933,761],{},[40,51935,51937],{"className":42,"code":51936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51938,51939,51947,51951,51969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51940,51941,51943,51945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51942,521],{"class":55},[49,51944,60],{"class":59},[49,51946,526],{"class":63},[49,51948,51949],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,51950,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,51952,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,51954,6431],{"class":3306},[49,51956,37809],{"class":104},[49,51958,108],{"class":63},[49,51960,177],{"class":94},[49,51962,113],{"class":63},[49,51964,5841],{"class":59},[49,51966,3263],{"class":67},[49,51968,5826],{"class":63},[49,51970,51971,51973,51975,51977,51980,51982],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,51972,7501],{"class":104},[49,51974,108],{"class":63},[49,51976,347],{"class":346},[49,51978,51979],{"class":350},"Empty list",[49,51981,347],{"class":346},[49,51983,272],{"class":63},[20,51985,51986,51987,51989,51990,51992,51993,51995],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51988,3105],{}," in an ",[15,51991,6431],{}," statement, but ",[15,51994,41784],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[35,51997,1309],{"id":1308},[137,51999,52000,52004,52008,52012,52017,52021,52027],{},[140,52001,52002],{},[308,52003,50401],{"href":50400},[140,52005,52006],{},[308,52007,50405],{"href":50404},[140,52009,52010],{},[308,52011,8587],{"href":8586},[140,52013,52014],{},[308,52015,52016],{"href":50971},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[140,52018,52019],{},[308,52020,7873],{"href":1731},[140,52022,52023],{},[308,52024,52026],{"href":52025},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[140,52028,52029],{},[308,52030,52031],{"href":51562},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1352,52033,52034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":52036},[52037,52038,52039,52040,52041,52042,52043,52049,52050,52051,52052,52059],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":50204,"depth":85,"text":50205},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":50548,"depth":85,"text":50549},{"id":50735,"depth":85,"text":50736},{"id":50975,"depth":85,"text":50976},{"id":40468,"depth":85,"text":40469,"children":52044},[52045,52046,52047,52048],{"id":51194,"depth":101,"text":51195},{"id":51248,"depth":101,"text":51249},{"id":51299,"depth":101,"text":51300},{"id":51380,"depth":101,"text":51381},{"id":51452,"depth":85,"text":51453},{"id":51566,"depth":85,"text":51567},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":52053},[52054,52055,52056,52057,52058],{"id":51887,"depth":101,"text":51888},{"id":51894,"depth":101,"text":51895},{"id":51901,"depth":101,"text":51902},{"id":51908,"depth":101,"text":51909},{"id":51925,"depth":101,"text":51926},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50087,"description":52060},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52067,"title":52068,"body":52069,"description":53751,"extension":1392,"meta":53752,"navigation":243,"path":53753,"seo":53754,"stem":53755,"__hash__":53756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52070,"toc":53724},[52071,52074,52088,52093,52095,52149,52154,52158,52174,52177,52191,52196,52198,52201,52220,52236,52238,52314,52316,52353,52364,52366,52369,52430,52432,52465,52468,52474,52478,52481,52606,52608,52667,52675,52728,52730,52757,52763,52773,52777,52780,52785,52837,52839,52865,52871,52925,52927,52952,52955,52979,52985,52987,52991,52993,53050,53052,53060,53062,53084,53086,53139,53141,53165,53169,53171,53210,53212,53220,53226,53230,53282,53284,53310,53318,53322,53327,53336,53338,53404,53406,53438,53442,53447,53449,53463,53466,53539,53541,53567,53569,53573,53580,53584,53591,53595,53598,53600,53653,53655,53681,53685,53694,53696,53721],[10,52072,52068],{"id":52073},"python-list-append-method",[20,52075,1409,52076,52079,52080,52083,52084,52087],{},[15,52077,52078],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52081,52082],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52085,52086],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52089,52090,52091,330],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52092,329],{},[35,52094,38],{"id":37},[40,52096,52098],{"className":42,"code":52097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52099,52100,52120,52134,52144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52101,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114,52116,52118],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52103,214],{"class":55},[49,52105,60],{"class":59},[49,52107,64],{"class":63},[49,52109,68],{"class":67},[49,52111,71],{"class":63},[49,52113,74],{"class":67},[49,52115,71],{"class":63},[49,52117,79],{"class":67},[49,52119,82],{"class":63},[49,52121,52122,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52123,249],{"class":55},[49,52125,91],{"class":63},[49,52127,12973],{"class":94},[49,52129,108],{"class":63},[49,52131,1936],{"class":67},[49,52133,272],{"class":63},[49,52135,52136,52138,52140,52142],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52137,105],{"class":104},[49,52139,108],{"class":63},[49,52141,249],{"class":94},[49,52143,272],{"class":63},[49,52145,52146],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52147,52148],{"class":116},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52150,120,52151,52153],{},[15,52152,52078],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[35,52155,52157],{"id":52156},"what-append-does","What append() does",[137,52159,52160,52165,52168,52171],{},[140,52161,52162,52164],{},[15,52163,52078],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[140,52166,52167],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[140,52169,52170],{},"It does not create a new list",[140,52172,52173],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52175,52176],{},"This means you can append:",[137,52178,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189],{},[140,52180,249],{},[140,52182,4740],{},[140,52184,40018],{},[140,52186,4731],{},[140,52188,6685],{},[140,52190,34084],{},[20,52192,52193,52194,91],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[308,52195,311],{"href":50404},[35,52197,4863],{"id":4862},[20,52199,52200],{},"Basic form:",[40,52202,52204],{"className":42,"code":52203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52205,52206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52207,52208,52210,52212,52214,52216,52218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52209,177],{"class":55},[49,52211,91],{"class":63},[49,52213,12973],{"class":94},[49,52215,108],{"class":63},[49,52217,22733],{"class":94},[49,52219,272],{"class":63},[137,52221,52222,52227,52232],{},[140,52223,52224,52226],{},[15,52225,177],{}," is the list you want to change",[140,52228,52229,52231],{},[15,52230,22733],{}," is the value or object to add",[140,52233,11335,52234],{},[15,52235,323],{},[20,52237,761],{},[40,52239,52241],{"className":42,"code":52240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52242,52243,52267,52290,52294,52304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52244,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52246,35661],{"class":55},[49,52248,60],{"class":59},[49,52250,64],{"class":63},[49,52252,347],{"class":346},[49,52254,3510],{"class":350},[49,52256,347],{"class":346},[49,52258,71],{"class":63},[49,52260,357],{"class":346},[49,52262,3519],{"class":350},[49,52264,347],{"class":346},[49,52266,82],{"class":63},[49,52268,52269,52271,52273,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52270,382],{"class":55},[49,52272,60],{"class":59},[49,52274,52275],{"class":55}," fruits",[49,52277,91],{"class":63},[49,52279,12973],{"class":94},[49,52281,108],{"class":63},[49,52283,347],{"class":346},[49,52285,32644],{"class":350},[49,52287,347],{"class":346},[49,52289,272],{"class":63},[49,52291,52292],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52293,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52295,52296,52298,52300,52302],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52297,105],{"class":104},[49,52299,108],{"class":63},[49,52301,35713],{"class":94},[49,52303,272],{"class":63},[49,52305,52306,52308,52310,52312],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,52307,105],{"class":104},[49,52309,108],{"class":63},[49,52311,420],{"class":94},[49,52313,272],{"class":63},[20,52315,275],{},[40,52317,52319],{"className":42,"code":52318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52320,52321,52349],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52322,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52324,938],{"class":63},[49,52326,2734],{"class":346},[49,52328,3510],{"class":350},[49,52330,2734],{"class":346},[49,52332,71],{"class":63},[49,52334,2729],{"class":346},[49,52336,3519],{"class":350},[49,52338,2734],{"class":346},[49,52340,71],{"class":63},[49,52342,2729],{"class":346},[49,52344,32644],{"class":350},[49,52346,2734],{"class":346},[49,52348,82],{"class":63},[49,52350,52351],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52352,11232],{"class":3281},[20,52354,52355,52356,52358,52359,52361,52362,91],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52357,52078],{}," updates ",[15,52360,35713],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52363,323],{},[35,52365,201],{"id":200},[20,52367,52368],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[40,52370,52372],{"className":42,"code":52371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52373,52374,52398,52416,52420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52375,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390,52392,52394,52396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52377,12495],{"class":55},[49,52379,60],{"class":59},[49,52381,64],{"class":63},[49,52383,347],{"class":346},[49,52385,12512],{"class":350},[49,52387,347],{"class":346},[49,52389,71],{"class":63},[49,52391,357],{"class":346},[49,52393,12529],{"class":350},[49,52395,347],{"class":346},[49,52397,82],{"class":63},[49,52399,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52401,16924],{"class":55},[49,52403,91],{"class":63},[49,52405,12973],{"class":94},[49,52407,108],{"class":63},[49,52409,347],{"class":346},[49,52411,16877],{"class":350},[49,52413,347],{"class":346},[49,52415,272],{"class":63},[49,52417,52418],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52419,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52421,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52423,105],{"class":104},[49,52425,108],{"class":63},[49,52427,16924],{"class":94},[49,52429,272],{"class":63},[20,52431,275],{},[40,52433,52435],{"className":42,"code":52434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52436,52437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52438,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52440,938],{"class":63},[49,52442,2734],{"class":346},[49,52444,12512],{"class":350},[49,52446,2734],{"class":346},[49,52448,71],{"class":63},[49,52450,2729],{"class":346},[49,52452,12529],{"class":350},[49,52454,2734],{"class":346},[49,52456,71],{"class":63},[49,52458,2729],{"class":346},[49,52460,16877],{"class":350},[49,52462,2734],{"class":346},[49,52464,82],{"class":63},[20,52466,52467],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52469,30505,52470,91],{},[308,52471,52473],{"href":52472},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[35,52475,52477],{"id":52476},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52479,52480],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[40,52482,52484],{"className":42,"code":52483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52485,52486,52494,52498,52512,52530,52544,52570,52592,52596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52487,52488,52490,52492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52489,56],{"class":55},[49,52491,60],{"class":59},[49,52493,526],{"class":63},[49,52495,52496],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52497,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52501,88],{"class":55},[49,52503,91],{"class":63},[49,52505,12973],{"class":94},[49,52507,108],{"class":63},[49,52509,221],{"class":67},[49,52511,272],{"class":63},[49,52513,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52515,88],{"class":55},[49,52517,91],{"class":63},[49,52519,12973],{"class":94},[49,52521,108],{"class":63},[49,52523,347],{"class":346},[49,52525,1121],{"class":350},[49,52527,347],{"class":346},[49,52529,272],{"class":63},[49,52531,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,52533,88],{"class":55},[49,52535,91],{"class":63},[49,52537,12973],{"class":94},[49,52539,108],{"class":63},[49,52541,3039],{"class":3281},[49,52543,272],{"class":63},[49,52545,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,52547,88],{"class":55},[49,52549,91],{"class":63},[49,52551,12973],{"class":94},[49,52553,4962],{"class":63},[49,52555,347],{"class":346},[49,52557,7103],{"class":350},[49,52559,347],{"class":346},[49,52561,135],{"class":63},[49,52563,357],{"class":346},[49,52565,7112],{"class":350},[49,52567,347],{"class":346},[49,52569,29919],{"class":63},[49,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,52573,88],{"class":55},[49,52575,91],{"class":63},[49,52577,12973],{"class":94},[49,52579,2418],{"class":63},[49,52581,68],{"class":67},[49,52583,71],{"class":63},[49,52585,74],{"class":67},[49,52587,71],{"class":63},[49,52589,79],{"class":67},[49,52591,3319],{"class":63},[49,52593,52594],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,52595,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52597,52598,52600,52602,52604],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,52599,105],{"class":104},[49,52601,108],{"class":63},[49,52603,88],{"class":94},[49,52605,272],{"class":63},[20,52607,275],{},[40,52609,52611],{"className":42,"code":52610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52612,52613],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52614,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52616,938],{"class":63},[49,52618,221],{"class":67},[49,52620,71],{"class":63},[49,52622,2729],{"class":346},[49,52624,1121],{"class":350},[49,52626,2734],{"class":346},[49,52628,71],{"class":63},[49,52630,3346],{"class":3281},[49,52632,71],{"class":63},[49,52634,9923],{"class":63},[49,52636,2734],{"class":346},[49,52638,7103],{"class":350},[49,52640,2734],{"class":346},[49,52642,135],{"class":63},[49,52644,2729],{"class":346},[49,52646,7112],{"class":350},[49,52648,2734],{"class":346},[49,52650,52651],{"class":63},"},",[49,52653,64],{"class":63},[49,52655,68],{"class":67},[49,52657,71],{"class":63},[49,52659,74],{"class":67},[49,52661,71],{"class":63},[49,52663,79],{"class":67},[49,52665,52666],{"class":63},"]]\n",[20,52668,52669,52670,483,52672,91],{},"A list added with ",[15,52671,52078],{},[30,52673,52674],{},"one single item",[40,52676,52678],{"className":42,"code":52677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52679,52680,52696,52714,52718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52681,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52683,214],{"class":55},[49,52685,60],{"class":59},[49,52687,64],{"class":63},[49,52689,68],{"class":67},[49,52691,71],{"class":63},[49,52693,74],{"class":67},[49,52695,82],{"class":63},[49,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708,52710,52712],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52699,249],{"class":55},[49,52701,91],{"class":63},[49,52703,12973],{"class":94},[49,52705,2418],{"class":63},[49,52707,1494],{"class":67},[49,52709,71],{"class":63},[49,52711,1888],{"class":67},[49,52713,3319],{"class":63},[49,52715,52716],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52717,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52719,52720,52722,52724,52726],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52721,105],{"class":104},[49,52723,108],{"class":63},[49,52725,249],{"class":94},[49,52727,272],{"class":63},[20,52729,275],{},[40,52731,52733],{"className":42,"code":52732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52734,52735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52736,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52738,938],{"class":63},[49,52740,68],{"class":67},[49,52742,71],{"class":63},[49,52744,74],{"class":67},[49,52746,71],{"class":63},[49,52748,64],{"class":63},[49,52750,1494],{"class":67},[49,52752,71],{"class":63},[49,52754,1888],{"class":67},[49,52756,52666],{"class":63},[20,52758,1718,52759,52762],{},[15,52760,52761],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52764,52765,52766,52772],{},"This is different from ",[308,52767,52769],{"href":52768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52770,52771],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[35,52774,52776],{"id":52775},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52778,52779],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[528,52781,1092,52783],{"id":52782},"using-append",[15,52784,52078],{},[40,52786,52787],{"className":42,"code":52677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,52788,52789,52805,52823,52827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52792,214],{"class":55},[49,52794,60],{"class":59},[49,52796,64],{"class":63},[49,52798,68],{"class":67},[49,52800,71],{"class":63},[49,52802,74],{"class":67},[49,52804,82],{"class":63},[49,52806,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52808,249],{"class":55},[49,52810,91],{"class":63},[49,52812,12973],{"class":94},[49,52814,2418],{"class":63},[49,52816,1494],{"class":67},[49,52818,71],{"class":63},[49,52820,1888],{"class":67},[49,52822,3319],{"class":63},[49,52824,52825],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52826,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52828,52829,52831,52833,52835],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52830,105],{"class":104},[49,52832,108],{"class":63},[49,52834,249],{"class":94},[49,52836,272],{"class":63},[20,52838,275],{},[40,52840,52841],{"className":42,"code":52732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,52842,52843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52844,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52846,938],{"class":63},[49,52848,68],{"class":67},[49,52850,71],{"class":63},[49,52852,74],{"class":67},[49,52854,71],{"class":63},[49,52856,64],{"class":63},[49,52858,1494],{"class":67},[49,52860,71],{"class":63},[49,52862,1888],{"class":67},[49,52864,52666],{"class":63},[528,52866,1092,52868],{"id":52867},"using-extend",[15,52869,52870],{},"extend()",[40,52872,52874],{"className":42,"code":52873,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52875,52876,52892,52911,52915],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52877,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52879,214],{"class":55},[49,52881,60],{"class":59},[49,52883,64],{"class":63},[49,52885,68],{"class":67},[49,52887,71],{"class":63},[49,52889,74],{"class":67},[49,52891,82],{"class":63},[49,52893,52894,52896,52898,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,52895,249],{"class":55},[49,52897,91],{"class":63},[49,52899,52900],{"class":94},"extend",[49,52902,2418],{"class":63},[49,52904,1494],{"class":67},[49,52906,71],{"class":63},[49,52908,1888],{"class":67},[49,52910,3319],{"class":63},[49,52912,52913],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,52914,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,52916,52917,52919,52921,52923],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,52918,105],{"class":104},[49,52920,108],{"class":63},[49,52922,249],{"class":94},[49,52924,272],{"class":63},[20,52926,275],{},[40,52928,52930],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52931,52932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52933,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52935,938],{"class":63},[49,52937,68],{"class":67},[49,52939,71],{"class":63},[49,52941,74],{"class":67},[49,52943,71],{"class":63},[49,52945,79],{"class":67},[49,52947,71],{"class":63},[49,52949,1888],{"class":67},[49,52951,82],{"class":63},[20,52953,52954],{},"The difference:",[137,52956,52957,52963,52969,52974],{},[140,52958,52959,52962],{},[15,52960,52961],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[140,52964,52965,52968],{},[15,52966,52967],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[140,52970,120,52971,52973],{},[15,52972,52078],{}," for one item",[140,52975,120,52976,52978],{},[15,52977,52870],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52980,52981,52982,91],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[308,52983,52984],{"href":52768},"Python list extend() method",[35,52986,863],{"id":862},[528,52988,52990],{"id":52989},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52992,25113],{},[40,52994,52996],{"className":42,"code":52995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52997,52998,53018,53036,53040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52999,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53001,56],{"class":55},[49,53003,60],{"class":59},[49,53005,64],{"class":63},[49,53007,68],{"class":67},[49,53009,71],{"class":63},[49,53011,74],{"class":67},[49,53013,71],{"class":63},[49,53015,79],{"class":67},[49,53017,82],{"class":63},[49,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53021,56],{"class":55},[49,53023,60],{"class":59},[49,53025,387],{"class":55},[49,53027,91],{"class":63},[49,53029,12973],{"class":94},[49,53031,108],{"class":63},[49,53033,1936],{"class":67},[49,53035,272],{"class":63},[49,53037,53038],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53039,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53041,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53043,105],{"class":104},[49,53045,108],{"class":63},[49,53047,88],{"class":94},[49,53049,272],{"class":63},[20,53051,275],{},[40,53053,53054],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53055,53056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53057,53058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53059,11232],{"class":3281},[20,53061,11324],{},[137,53063,53064,53069,53075],{},[140,53065,53066,53068],{},[15,53067,52078],{}," changes the list in place",[140,53070,53071,320,53073],{},[15,53072,52078],{},[15,53074,323],{},[140,53076,53077,53078,53081,53082],{},"So ",[15,53079,53080],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53083,323],{},[20,53085,956],{},[40,53087,53089],{"className":42,"code":53088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53090,53091,53111,53125,53129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53092,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53094,56],{"class":55},[49,53096,60],{"class":59},[49,53098,64],{"class":63},[49,53100,68],{"class":67},[49,53102,71],{"class":63},[49,53104,74],{"class":67},[49,53106,71],{"class":63},[49,53108,79],{"class":67},[49,53110,82],{"class":63},[49,53112,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53114,88],{"class":55},[49,53116,91],{"class":63},[49,53118,12973],{"class":94},[49,53120,108],{"class":63},[49,53122,1936],{"class":67},[49,53124,272],{"class":63},[49,53126,53127],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53128,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53130,53131,53133,53135,53137],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53132,105],{"class":104},[49,53134,108],{"class":63},[49,53136,88],{"class":94},[49,53138,272],{"class":63},[20,53140,275],{},[40,53142,53143],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53144,53145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53146,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53148,938],{"class":63},[49,53150,68],{"class":67},[49,53152,71],{"class":63},[49,53154,74],{"class":67},[49,53156,71],{"class":63},[49,53158,79],{"class":67},[49,53160,71],{"class":63},[49,53162,1888],{"class":67},[49,53164,82],{"class":63},[528,53166,53168],{"id":53167},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53170,18336],{},[40,53172,53174],{"className":42,"code":53173,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53175,53176,53200],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53179,31305],{"class":55},[49,53181,60],{"class":59},[49,53183,64],{"class":63},[49,53185,68],{"class":67},[49,53187,71],{"class":63},[49,53189,74],{"class":67},[49,53191,12970],{"class":63},[49,53193,12973],{"class":94},[49,53195,108],{"class":63},[49,53197,1494],{"class":67},[49,53199,272],{"class":63},[49,53201,53202,53204,53206,53208],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53203,105],{"class":104},[49,53205,108],{"class":63},[49,53207,31324],{"class":94},[49,53209,272],{"class":63},[20,53211,275],{},[40,53213,53214],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53215,53216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53217,53218],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53219,11232],{"class":3281},[20,53221,53222,53223,53225],{},"Remember: ",[15,53224,52078],{}," updates the list you already have.",[528,53227,53229],{"id":53228},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[40,53231,53232],{"className":42,"code":52677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53233,53234,53250,53268,53272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53235,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53237,214],{"class":55},[49,53239,60],{"class":59},[49,53241,64],{"class":63},[49,53243,68],{"class":67},[49,53245,71],{"class":63},[49,53247,74],{"class":67},[49,53249,82],{"class":63},[49,53251,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53253,249],{"class":55},[49,53255,91],{"class":63},[49,53257,12973],{"class":94},[49,53259,2418],{"class":63},[49,53261,1494],{"class":67},[49,53263,71],{"class":63},[49,53265,1888],{"class":67},[49,53267,3319],{"class":63},[49,53269,53270],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53271,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53273,53274,53276,53278,53280],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53275,105],{"class":104},[49,53277,108],{"class":63},[49,53279,249],{"class":94},[49,53281,272],{"class":63},[20,53283,275],{},[40,53285,53286],{"className":42,"code":52732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53287,53288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53289,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53291,938],{"class":63},[49,53293,68],{"class":67},[49,53295,71],{"class":63},[49,53297,74],{"class":67},[49,53299,71],{"class":63},[49,53301,64],{"class":63},[49,53303,1494],{"class":67},[49,53305,71],{"class":63},[49,53307,1888],{"class":67},[49,53309,52666],{"class":63},[20,53311,2602,53312,53315,53316,6064],{},[15,53313,53314],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53317,52870],{},[528,53319,53321],{"id":53320},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53323,53324,53326],{},[15,53325,52078],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53328,53329,53330,91],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[308,53331,53333],{"href":53332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53334,53335],{},"list.insert()",[20,53337,761],{},[40,53339,53341],{"className":42,"code":53340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53342,53343,53367,53390,53394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53344,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53346,35513],{"class":55},[49,53348,60],{"class":59},[49,53350,64],{"class":63},[49,53352,347],{"class":346},[49,53354,308],{"class":350},[49,53356,347],{"class":346},[49,53358,71],{"class":63},[49,53360,357],{"class":346},[49,53362,369],{"class":350},[49,53364,347],{"class":346},[49,53366,82],{"class":63},[49,53368,53369,53371,53373,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53370,35566],{"class":55},[49,53372,91],{"class":63},[49,53374,53375],{"class":94},"insert",[49,53377,108],{"class":63},[49,53379,68],{"class":67},[49,53381,71],{"class":63},[49,53383,357],{"class":346},[49,53385,360],{"class":350},[49,53387,347],{"class":346},[49,53389,272],{"class":63},[49,53391,53392],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53393,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53397,105],{"class":104},[49,53399,108],{"class":63},[49,53401,35566],{"class":94},[49,53403,272],{"class":63},[20,53405,275],{},[40,53407,53408],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53409,53410],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53411,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53413,938],{"class":63},[49,53415,2734],{"class":346},[49,53417,308],{"class":350},[49,53419,2734],{"class":346},[49,53421,71],{"class":63},[49,53423,2729],{"class":346},[49,53425,360],{"class":350},[49,53427,2734],{"class":346},[49,53429,71],{"class":63},[49,53431,2729],{"class":346},[49,53433,369],{"class":350},[49,53435,2734],{"class":346},[49,53437,82],{"class":63},[35,53439,53441],{"id":53440},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53443,53444,53446],{},[15,53445,52078],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53448,35848],{},[137,53450,53451,53454,53457,53460],{},[140,53452,53453],{},"building a list in a loop",[140,53455,53456],{},"collecting user input",[140,53458,53459],{},"storing results step by step",[140,53461,53462],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53464,53465],{},"Example with a loop:",[40,53467,53469],{"className":42,"code":53468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53470,53471,53480,53484,53505,53524,53528],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53472,53473,53476,53478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53474,53475],{"class":55},"squares ",[49,53477,60],{"class":59},[49,53479,526],{"class":63},[49,53481,53482],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53483,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53487,5391],{"class":3306},[49,53489,5819],{"class":55},[49,53491,3313],{"class":3306},[49,53493,53494],{"class":104}," range",[49,53496,108],{"class":63},[49,53498,68],{"class":67},[49,53500,71],{"class":63},[49,53502,4036],{"class":67},[49,53504,7773],{"class":63},[49,53506,53507,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53508,53509],{"class":55},"    squares",[49,53511,91],{"class":63},[49,53513,12973],{"class":94},[49,53515,108],{"class":63},[49,53517,1650],{"class":94},[49,53519,39296],{"class":59},[49,53521,1630],{"class":94},[49,53523,272],{"class":63},[49,53525,53526],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,53527,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53529,53530,53532,53534,53537],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,53531,105],{"class":104},[49,53533,108],{"class":63},[49,53535,53536],{"class":94},"squares",[49,53538,272],{"class":63},[20,53540,275],{},[40,53542,53544],{"className":42,"code":53543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53545,53546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53547,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53561,53563,53565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53549,938],{"class":63},[49,53551,68],{"class":67},[49,53553,71],{"class":63},[49,53555,1888],{"class":67},[49,53557,71],{"class":63},[49,53559,53560],{"class":67}," 9",[49,53562,71],{"class":63},[49,53564,13408],{"class":67},[49,53566,82],{"class":63},[35,53568,1253],{"id":1252},[528,53570,53572],{"id":53571},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53574,45789,53575,53577,53578,91],{},[15,53576,52078],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53579,323],{},[528,53581,53583],{"id":53582},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53585,53586,53587,91],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[308,53588,53589],{"href":52768},[15,53590,52870],{},[528,53592,53594],{"id":53593},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53596,53597],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53599,761],{},[40,53601,53603],{"className":42,"code":53602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53604,53605,53621,53639,53643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53606,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53608,8597],{"class":55},[49,53610,60],{"class":59},[49,53612,64],{"class":63},[49,53614,68],{"class":67},[49,53616,71],{"class":63},[49,53618,74],{"class":67},[49,53620,82],{"class":63},[49,53622,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53624,8636],{"class":55},[49,53626,91],{"class":63},[49,53628,12973],{"class":94},[49,53630,2418],{"class":63},[49,53632,1494],{"class":67},[49,53634,71],{"class":63},[49,53636,1888],{"class":67},[49,53638,3319],{"class":63},[49,53640,53641],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53642,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53646,105],{"class":104},[49,53648,108],{"class":63},[49,53650,8636],{"class":94},[49,53652,272],{"class":63},[20,53654,275],{},[40,53656,53657],{"className":42,"code":52732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53658,53659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53660,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53662,938],{"class":63},[49,53664,68],{"class":67},[49,53666,71],{"class":63},[49,53668,74],{"class":67},[49,53670,71],{"class":63},[49,53672,64],{"class":63},[49,53674,1494],{"class":67},[49,53676,71],{"class":63},[49,53678,1888],{"class":67},[49,53680,52666],{"class":63},[528,53682,53684],{"id":53683},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53686,53687,53689,53690,53693],{},[15,53688,52078],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53691,53692],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[35,53695,1309],{"id":1308},[137,53697,53698,53703,53707,53712,53716],{},[140,53699,53700],{},[308,53701,53702],{"href":52472},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[140,53704,53705],{},[308,53706,52984],{"href":52768},[140,53708,53709],{},[308,53710,53711],{"href":53332},"Python list insert() method",[140,53713,53714],{},[308,53715,311],{"href":50404},[140,53717,53718],{},[308,53719,53720],{"href":1248},"Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1352,53722,53723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":53725},[53726,53727,53728,53729,53730,53731,53737,53743,53744,53750],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":52156,"depth":85,"text":52157},{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":52476,"depth":85,"text":52477},{"id":52775,"depth":85,"text":52776,"children":53732},[53733,53735],{"id":52782,"depth":101,"text":53734},"Using append()",{"id":52867,"depth":101,"text":53736},"Using extend()",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":53738},[53739,53740,53741,53742],{"id":52989,"depth":101,"text":52990},{"id":53167,"depth":101,"text":53168},{"id":53228,"depth":101,"text":53229},{"id":53320,"depth":101,"text":53321},{"id":53440,"depth":85,"text":53441},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":53745},[53746,53747,53748,53749],{"id":53571,"depth":101,"text":53572},{"id":53582,"depth":101,"text":53583},{"id":53593,"depth":101,"text":53594},{"id":53683,"depth":101,"text":53684},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52068,"description":53751},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":53758,"description":1391,"extension":1392,"meta":54866,"navigation":243,"path":1394,"seo":54867,"stem":1396,"__hash__":1397},{"type":7,"value":53759,"toc":54842},[53760,53764,53768,53772,53774,53820,53824,53828,53832,53844,53848,53850,53852,53866,53868,53876,53878,53880,53936,53938,53946,53948,53960,53964,53966,53972,53976,54058,54060,54108,54114,54120,54122,54136,54148,54152,54226,54232,54236,54308,54314,54316,54324,54330,54334,54338,54346,54348,54418,54430,54432,54438,54440,54486,54488,54508,54510,54512,54562,54566,54572,54638,54642,54646,54648,54674,54678,54682,54684,54754,54756,54764,54768,54770,54774,54776,54780,54784,54790,54796,54800,54804,54806,54840],[10,53761,13,53762,18],{"id":12},[15,53763,17],{},[20,53765,53766,25],{},[15,53767,24],{},[20,53769,28,53770,33],{},[30,53771,32],{},[35,53773,38],{"id":37},[40,53775,53776],{"className":42,"code":43,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53777,53778,53798,53808],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53779,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53781,56],{"class":55},[49,53783,60],{"class":59},[49,53785,64],{"class":63},[49,53787,68],{"class":67},[49,53789,71],{"class":63},[49,53791,74],{"class":67},[49,53793,71],{"class":63},[49,53795,79],{"class":67},[49,53797,82],{"class":63},[49,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53801,88],{"class":55},[49,53803,91],{"class":63},[49,53805,95],{"class":94},[49,53807,98],{"class":63},[49,53809,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53811,105],{"class":104},[49,53813,108],{"class":63},[49,53815,88],{"class":94},[49,53817,113],{"class":63},[49,53819,117],{"class":116},[20,53821,120,53822,123],{},[15,53823,17],{},[35,53825,127,53826,130],{"id":126},[15,53827,24],{},[20,53829,53830,135],{},[15,53831,24],{},[137,53833,53834,53836,53838,53842],{},[140,53835,142],{},[140,53837,145],{},[140,53839,148,53840],{},[15,53841,151],{},[140,53843,154],{},[20,53845,157,53846,160],{},[15,53847,17],{},[35,53849,164],{"id":163},[20,53851,167],{},[40,53853,53854],{"className":42,"code":170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53855,53856],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53859,177],{"class":55},[49,53861,91],{"class":63},[49,53863,95],{"class":94},[49,53865,98],{"class":63},[20,53867,186],{},[137,53869,53870,53872,53874],{},[140,53871,191],{},[140,53873,194],{},[140,53875,197],{},[35,53877,201],{"id":200},[20,53879,204],{},[40,53881,53882],{"className":42,"code":207,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53883,53884,53908,53912,53922,53926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53885,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53887,214],{"class":55},[49,53889,60],{"class":59},[49,53891,64],{"class":63},[49,53893,221],{"class":67},[49,53895,71],{"class":63},[49,53897,226],{"class":67},[49,53899,71],{"class":63},[49,53901,231],{"class":67},[49,53903,71],{"class":63},[49,53905,236],{"class":67},[49,53907,82],{"class":63},[49,53909,53910],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,53911,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53913,53914,53916,53918,53920],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,53915,249],{"class":55},[49,53917,91],{"class":63},[49,53919,95],{"class":94},[49,53921,98],{"class":63},[49,53923,53924],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,53925,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,53927,53928,53930,53932,53934],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,53929,105],{"class":104},[49,53931,108],{"class":63},[49,53933,249],{"class":94},[49,53935,272],{"class":63},[20,53937,275],{},[40,53939,53940],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53941,53942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53943,53944],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53945,278],{"class":63},[20,53947,287],{},[137,53949,53950,53954,53958],{},[140,53951,53952,294],{},[15,53953,249],{},[140,53955,53956,300],{},[15,53957,299],{},[140,53959,303],{},[20,53961,306,53962,91],{},[308,53963,311],{"href":310},[35,53965,315],{"id":314},[20,53967,53968,320,53970,91],{},[15,53969,17],{},[15,53971,323],{},[20,53973,326,53974,330],{},[30,53975,329],{},[40,53977,53978],{"className":42,"code":333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53979,53980,54012,54016,54030,54034,54046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53983,56],{"class":55},[49,53985,60],{"class":59},[49,53987,64],{"class":63},[49,53989,347],{"class":346},[49,53991,308],{"class":350},[49,53993,347],{"class":346},[49,53995,71],{"class":63},[49,53997,357],{"class":346},[49,53999,360],{"class":350},[49,54001,347],{"class":346},[49,54003,71],{"class":63},[49,54005,357],{"class":346},[49,54007,369],{"class":350},[49,54009,347],{"class":346},[49,54011,82],{"class":63},[49,54013,54014],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54015,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54017,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54019,382],{"class":55},[49,54021,60],{"class":59},[49,54023,387],{"class":55},[49,54025,91],{"class":63},[49,54027,95],{"class":94},[49,54029,98],{"class":63},[49,54031,54032],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54033,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54037,105],{"class":104},[49,54039,108],{"class":63},[49,54041,88],{"class":94},[49,54043,113],{"class":63},[49,54045,410],{"class":116},[49,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54049,105],{"class":104},[49,54051,108],{"class":63},[49,54053,420],{"class":94},[49,54055,113],{"class":63},[49,54057,425],{"class":116},[20,54059,428],{},[40,54061,54062],{"className":42,"code":431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54063,54064,54084,54098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54065,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54067,56],{"class":55},[49,54069,60],{"class":59},[49,54071,64],{"class":63},[49,54073,68],{"class":67},[49,54075,71],{"class":63},[49,54077,74],{"class":67},[49,54079,71],{"class":63},[49,54081,79],{"class":67},[49,54083,82],{"class":63},[49,54085,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54087,56],{"class":55},[49,54089,60],{"class":59},[49,54091,387],{"class":55},[49,54093,91],{"class":63},[49,54095,95],{"class":94},[49,54097,98],{"class":63},[49,54099,54100,54102,54104,54106],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54101,105],{"class":104},[49,54103,108],{"class":63},[49,54105,88],{"class":94},[49,54107,272],{"class":63},[20,54109,480,54110,483,54112,486],{},[15,54111,88],{},[15,54113,323],{},[35,54115,54116,492,54118],{"id":489},[15,54117,17],{},[15,54119,151],{},[20,54121,497],{},[40,54123,54124],{"className":42,"code":170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54125,54126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54127,54128,54130,54132,54134],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54129,177],{"class":55},[49,54131,91],{"class":63},[49,54133,95],{"class":94},[49,54135,98],{"class":63},[40,54137,54138],{"className":42,"code":514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54139,54140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54141,54142,54144,54146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54143,521],{"class":55},[49,54145,60],{"class":59},[49,54147,526],{"class":63},[528,54149,54150,533],{"id":530},[15,54151,17],{},[40,54153,54154],{"className":42,"code":536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54155,54156,54176,54184,54188,54198,54202,54214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54157,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54159,543],{"class":55},[49,54161,60],{"class":59},[49,54163,64],{"class":63},[49,54165,68],{"class":67},[49,54167,71],{"class":63},[49,54169,74],{"class":67},[49,54171,71],{"class":63},[49,54173,79],{"class":67},[49,54175,82],{"class":63},[49,54177,54178,54180,54182],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54179,564],{"class":55},[49,54181,60],{"class":59},[49,54183,569],{"class":55},[49,54185,54186],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54187,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54189,54190,54192,54194,54196],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54191,308],{"class":55},[49,54193,91],{"class":63},[49,54195,95],{"class":94},[49,54197,98],{"class":63},[49,54199,54200],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54201,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54205,105],{"class":104},[49,54207,108],{"class":63},[49,54209,308],{"class":94},[49,54211,113],{"class":63},[49,54213,117],{"class":116},[49,54215,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,54217,105],{"class":104},[49,54219,108],{"class":63},[49,54221,360],{"class":94},[49,54223,113],{"class":63},[49,54225,117],{"class":116},[20,54227,615,54228,618,54230,621],{},[15,54229,308],{},[15,54231,360],{},[528,54233,54234,628],{"id":624},[15,54235,627],{},[40,54237,54238],{"className":42,"code":631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54239,54240,54260,54268,54272,54280,54284,54296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54241,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254,54256,54258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54243,543],{"class":55},[49,54245,60],{"class":59},[49,54247,64],{"class":63},[49,54249,68],{"class":67},[49,54251,71],{"class":63},[49,54253,74],{"class":67},[49,54255,71],{"class":63},[49,54257,79],{"class":67},[49,54259,82],{"class":63},[49,54261,54262,54264,54266],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54263,564],{"class":55},[49,54265,60],{"class":59},[49,54267,569],{"class":55},[49,54269,54270],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54271,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54273,54274,54276,54278],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54275,543],{"class":55},[49,54277,60],{"class":59},[49,54279,526],{"class":63},[49,54281,54282],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54283,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54285,54286,54288,54290,54292,54294],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54287,105],{"class":104},[49,54289,108],{"class":63},[49,54291,308],{"class":94},[49,54293,113],{"class":63},[49,54295,117],{"class":116},[49,54297,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,54299,105],{"class":104},[49,54301,108],{"class":63},[49,54303,360],{"class":94},[49,54305,113],{"class":63},[49,54307,702],{"class":116},[20,54309,705,54310,708,54312,711],{},[15,54311,308],{},[15,54313,360],{},[20,54315,714],{},[137,54317,54318,54320,54322],{},[140,54319,719],{},[140,54321,722],{},[140,54323,725],{},[20,54325,728,54326,91],{},[308,54327,732,54328,736],{"href":731},[15,54329,735],{},[35,54331,740,54332],{"id":739},[15,54333,17],{},[20,54335,120,54336,747],{},[15,54337,17],{},[137,54339,54340,54342,54344],{},[140,54341,752],{},[140,54343,755],{},[140,54345,758],{},[20,54347,761],{},[40,54349,54350],{"className":42,"code":764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54351,54352,54384,54388,54392,54402,54406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54353,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54355,771],{"class":55},[49,54357,60],{"class":59},[49,54359,64],{"class":63},[49,54361,347],{"class":346},[49,54363,780],{"class":350},[49,54365,347],{"class":346},[49,54367,71],{"class":63},[49,54369,357],{"class":346},[49,54371,789],{"class":350},[49,54373,347],{"class":346},[49,54375,71],{"class":63},[49,54377,357],{"class":346},[49,54379,798],{"class":350},[49,54381,347],{"class":346},[49,54383,82],{"class":63},[49,54385,54386],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54387,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54389,54390],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54391,811],{"class":116},[49,54393,54394,54396,54398,54400],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54395,816],{"class":55},[49,54397,91],{"class":63},[49,54399,95],{"class":94},[49,54401,98],{"class":63},[49,54403,54404],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54405,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54407,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54409,105],{"class":104},[49,54411,108],{"class":63},[49,54413,816],{"class":94},[49,54415,113],{"class":63},[49,54417,117],{"class":116},[20,54419,841,54420,846,54422,853,54426,91],{},[308,54421,845],{"href":844},[308,54423,54424,736],{"href":849},[15,54425,852],{},[308,54427,54428,736],{"href":856},[15,54429,859],{},[35,54431,863],{"id":862},[528,54433,867,54434,871,54436],{"id":866},[15,54435,870],{},[15,54437,874],{},[20,54439,877],{},[40,54441,54442],{"className":42,"code":880,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54443,54444,54464,54468,54476],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54447,56],{"class":55},[49,54449,60],{"class":59},[49,54451,64],{"class":63},[49,54453,68],{"class":67},[49,54455,71],{"class":63},[49,54457,74],{"class":67},[49,54459,71],{"class":63},[49,54461,79],{"class":67},[49,54463,82],{"class":63},[49,54465,54466],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54467,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54469,54470,54472,54474],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54471,88],{"class":55},[49,54473,91],{"class":63},[49,54475,916],{"class":915},[49,54477,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54479,105],{"class":104},[49,54481,108],{"class":63},[49,54483,88],{"class":94},[49,54485,272],{"class":63},[20,54487,275],{},[40,54489,54490],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54491,54492],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54493,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54495,938],{"class":63},[49,54497,68],{"class":67},[49,54499,71],{"class":63},[49,54501,74],{"class":67},[49,54503,71],{"class":63},[49,54505,79],{"class":67},[49,54507,82],{"class":63},[20,54509,953],{},[20,54511,956],{},[40,54513,54514],{"className":42,"code":959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54515,54516,54536,54540,54550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54517,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54519,56],{"class":55},[49,54521,60],{"class":59},[49,54523,64],{"class":63},[49,54525,68],{"class":67},[49,54527,71],{"class":63},[49,54529,74],{"class":67},[49,54531,71],{"class":63},[49,54533,79],{"class":67},[49,54535,82],{"class":63},[49,54537,54538],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54539,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54543,88],{"class":55},[49,54545,91],{"class":63},[49,54547,95],{"class":94},[49,54549,98],{"class":63},[49,54551,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54553,105],{"class":104},[49,54555,108],{"class":63},[49,54557,88],{"class":94},[49,54559,113],{"class":63},[49,54561,117],{"class":116},[528,54563,1011,54564,1014],{"id":1010},[15,54565,17],{},[20,54567,54568,320,54570,1021],{},[15,54569,17],{},[15,54571,323],{},[40,54573,54574],{"className":42,"code":1024,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54575,54576,54596,54610,54614,54626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54577,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54579,56],{"class":55},[49,54581,60],{"class":59},[49,54583,64],{"class":63},[49,54585,68],{"class":67},[49,54587,71],{"class":63},[49,54589,74],{"class":67},[49,54591,71],{"class":63},[49,54593,79],{"class":67},[49,54595,82],{"class":63},[49,54597,54598,54600,54602,54604,54606,54608],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54599,382],{"class":55},[49,54601,60],{"class":59},[49,54603,387],{"class":55},[49,54605,91],{"class":63},[49,54607,95],{"class":94},[49,54609,98],{"class":63},[49,54611,54612],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54613,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54615,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54617,105],{"class":104},[49,54619,108],{"class":63},[49,54621,420],{"class":94},[49,54623,113],{"class":63},[49,54625,425],{"class":116},[49,54627,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54629,105],{"class":104},[49,54631,108],{"class":63},[49,54633,88],{"class":94},[49,54635,113],{"class":63},[49,54637,410],{"class":116},[528,54639,1092,54640,1095],{"id":1091},[15,54641,17],{},[20,54643,1098,54644,1101],{},[15,54645,17],{},[20,54647,1104],{},[40,54649,54650],{"className":42,"code":1107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54651,54652,54664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54653,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54655,1114],{"class":55},[49,54657,60],{"class":59},[49,54659,357],{"class":346},[49,54661,1121],{"class":350},[49,54663,1124],{"class":346},[49,54665,54666,54668,54670,54672],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54667,1129],{"class":55},[49,54669,91],{"class":63},[49,54671,95],{"class":94},[49,54673,98],{"class":63},[20,54675,1138,54676,1141],{},[15,54677,17],{},[20,54679,1144,54680,1147],{},[15,54681,323],{},[20,54683,1150],{},[40,54685,54686],{"className":42,"code":1153,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54687,54688,54698,54712,54726,54734,54744],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54691,105],{"class":104},[49,54693,108],{"class":63},[49,54695,177],{"class":94},[49,54697,272],{"class":63},[49,54699,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54701,105],{"class":104},[49,54703,108],{"class":63},[49,54705,1175],{"class":1174},[49,54707,108],{"class":63},[49,54709,177],{"class":94},[49,54711,1182],{"class":63},[49,54713,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54715,105],{"class":104},[49,54717,108],{"class":63},[49,54719,1191],{"class":104},[49,54721,108],{"class":63},[49,54723,177],{"class":94},[49,54725,1182],{"class":63},[49,54727,54728,54730,54732],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54729,1202],{"class":55},[49,54731,60],{"class":59},[49,54733,1207],{"class":55},[49,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54737,177],{"class":55},[49,54739,91],{"class":63},[49,54741,95],{"class":94},[49,54743,98],{"class":63},[49,54745,54746,54748,54750,54752],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54747,105],{"class":104},[49,54749,108],{"class":63},[49,54751,1226],{"class":94},[49,54753,272],{"class":63},[20,54755,1231],{},[137,54757,54758,54760,54762],{},[140,54759,1236],{},[140,54761,1239],{},[140,54763,1242],{},[20,54765,1245,54766,91],{},[308,54767,1249],{"href":1248},[35,54769,1253],{"id":1252},[528,54771,1257,54772,1260],{"id":1256},[15,54773,24],{},[20,54775,1263],{},[528,54777,1257,54778,1269],{"id":1266},[15,54779,24],{},[20,54781,1272,54782,1275],{},[15,54783,323],{},[528,54785,1279,54786,618,54788,1284],{"id":1278},[15,54787,17],{},[15,54789,627],{},[20,54791,54792,1289,54794,1292],{},[15,54793,17],{},[15,54795,627],{},[528,54797,1296,54798,1299],{"id":1295},[15,54799,17],{},[20,54801,1302,54802,1305],{},[15,54803,17],{},[35,54805,1309],{"id":1308},[137,54807,54808,54812,54816,54822,54828,54834],{},[140,54809,54810],{},[308,54811,311],{"href":310},[140,54813,54814],{},[308,54815,1320],{"href":844},[140,54817,54818],{},[308,54819,1325,54820,736],{"href":856},[15,54821,1328],{},[140,54823,54824],{},[308,54825,1325,54826,736],{"href":849},[15,54827,1335],{},[140,54829,54830],{},[308,54831,1325,54832,736],{"href":731},[15,54833,735],{},[140,54835,54836],{},[308,54837,1346,54838,1350],{"href":1248},[15,54839,1349],{},[1352,54841,1354],{},{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":54843},[54844,54845,54846,54847,54848,54849,54853,54854,54859,54865],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":126,"depth":85,"text":1359},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":489,"depth":85,"text":1364,"children":54850},[54851,54852],{"id":530,"depth":101,"text":1367},{"id":624,"depth":101,"text":1369},{"id":739,"depth":85,"text":1371},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":54855},[54856,54857,54858],{"id":866,"depth":101,"text":1375},{"id":1010,"depth":101,"text":1377},{"id":1091,"depth":101,"text":1379},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":54860},[54861,54862,54863,54864],{"id":1256,"depth":101,"text":1383},{"id":1266,"depth":101,"text":1385},{"id":1278,"depth":101,"text":1387},{"id":1295,"depth":101,"text":1389},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},{},{"title":5,"description":1391},{"id":54869,"title":54870,"body":54871,"description":56556,"extension":1392,"meta":56557,"navigation":243,"path":56558,"seo":56559,"stem":56560,"__hash__":56561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54872,"toc":56524},[54873,54878,54884,54892,54894,54983,54990,54995,54999,55013,55015,55092,55094,55155,55158,55160,55162,55183,55186,55200,55203,55248,55250,55258,55261,55267,55273,55276,55353,55355,55400,55403,55408,55491,55493,55534,55539,55543,55549,55551,55559,55562,55655,55657,55715,55718,55734,55739,55749,55754,55756,55761,55766,55769,55771,55828,55831,55884,55890,55895,55899,55916,55918,56002,56004,56045,56053,56055,56060,56066,56068,56131,56136,56206,56210,56245,56248,56250,56289,56293,56369,56375,56381,56386,56408,56411,56430,56438,56440,56446,56449,56456,56464,56469,56472,56476,56482,56490,56493,56495,56521],[10,54874,13,54876,18],{"id":54875},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54877,735],{},[20,54879,54880,54883],{},[15,54881,54882],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54885,54886,54887,13474,54889,54891],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54888,60],{},[30,54890,329],{}," make a real copy.",[35,54893,1434],{"id":1433},[40,54895,54897],{"className":42,"code":54896,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54898,54899,54919,54934,54938,54953,54957,54970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54900,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54902,214],{"class":55},[49,54904,60],{"class":59},[49,54906,64],{"class":63},[49,54908,68],{"class":67},[49,54910,71],{"class":63},[49,54912,74],{"class":67},[49,54914,71],{"class":63},[49,54916,79],{"class":67},[49,54918,82],{"class":63},[49,54920,54921,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,54922,54923],{"class":55},"new_numbers ",[49,54925,60],{"class":59},[49,54927,3695],{"class":55},[49,54929,91],{"class":63},[49,54931,12330],{"class":94},[49,54933,98],{"class":63},[49,54935,54936],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,54937,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54939,54940,54943,54945,54947,54949,54951],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,54941,54942],{"class":55},"new_numbers",[49,54944,91],{"class":63},[49,54946,12973],{"class":94},[49,54948,108],{"class":63},[49,54950,1936],{"class":67},[49,54952,272],{"class":63},[49,54954,54955],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,54956,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,54958,54959,54961,54963,54965,54967],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,54960,105],{"class":104},[49,54962,108],{"class":63},[49,54964,249],{"class":94},[49,54966,113],{"class":63},[49,54968,54969],{"class":116},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,54971,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,54973,105],{"class":104},[49,54975,108],{"class":63},[49,54977,54942],{"class":94},[49,54979,113],{"class":63},[49,54981,54982],{"class":116},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,54984,120,54985,54987,54988,91],{},[15,54986,54882],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,54989,12269],{},[35,54991,127,54993,130],{"id":54992},"what-listcopy-does",[15,54994,54882],{},[20,54996,54997,135],{},[15,54998,54882],{},[137,55000,55001,55004,55007,55010],{},[140,55002,55003],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[140,55005,55006],{},"Returns that new list",[140,55008,55009],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[140,55011,55012],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55014,761],{},[40,55016,55018],{"className":42,"code":55017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55019,55020,55052,55067,55071,55081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55021,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048,55050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55023,35661],{"class":55},[49,55025,60],{"class":59},[49,55027,64],{"class":63},[49,55029,347],{"class":346},[49,55031,3510],{"class":350},[49,55033,347],{"class":346},[49,55035,71],{"class":63},[49,55037,357],{"class":346},[49,55039,3519],{"class":350},[49,55041,347],{"class":346},[49,55043,71],{"class":63},[49,55045,357],{"class":346},[49,55047,32644],{"class":350},[49,55049,347],{"class":346},[49,55051,82],{"class":63},[49,55053,55054,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55055,55056],{"class":55},"copied_fruits ",[49,55058,60],{"class":59},[49,55060,52275],{"class":55},[49,55062,91],{"class":63},[49,55064,12330],{"class":94},[49,55066,98],{"class":63},[49,55068,55069],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55070,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55072,55073,55075,55077,55079],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55074,105],{"class":104},[49,55076,108],{"class":63},[49,55078,35713],{"class":94},[49,55080,272],{"class":63},[49,55082,55083,55085,55087,55090],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,55084,105],{"class":104},[49,55086,108],{"class":63},[49,55088,55089],{"class":94},"copied_fruits",[49,55091,272],{"class":63},[20,55093,275],{},[40,55095,55097],{"className":42,"code":55096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55098,55099,55127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55100,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55102,938],{"class":63},[49,55104,2734],{"class":346},[49,55106,3510],{"class":350},[49,55108,2734],{"class":346},[49,55110,71],{"class":63},[49,55112,2729],{"class":346},[49,55114,3519],{"class":350},[49,55116,2734],{"class":346},[49,55118,71],{"class":63},[49,55120,2729],{"class":346},[49,55122,32644],{"class":350},[49,55124,2734],{"class":346},[49,55126,82],{"class":63},[49,55128,55129,55131,55133,55135,55137,55139,55141,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151,55153],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55130,938],{"class":63},[49,55132,2734],{"class":346},[49,55134,3510],{"class":350},[49,55136,2734],{"class":346},[49,55138,71],{"class":63},[49,55140,2729],{"class":346},[49,55142,3519],{"class":350},[49,55144,2734],{"class":346},[49,55146,71],{"class":63},[49,55148,2729],{"class":346},[49,55150,32644],{"class":350},[49,55152,2734],{"class":346},[49,55154,82],{"class":63},[20,55156,55157],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[35,55159,164],{"id":163},[20,55161,1592],{},[40,55163,55165],{"className":42,"code":55164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55166,55167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55168,55169,55172,55174,55177,55179,55181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55170,55171],{"class":55},"new_list ",[49,55173,60],{"class":59},[49,55175,55176],{"class":55}," old_list",[49,55178,91],{"class":63},[49,55180,12330],{"class":94},[49,55182,98],{"class":63},[20,55184,55185],{},"How it works:",[137,55187,55188,55194,55197],{},[140,55189,55190,55191,55193],{},"Call ",[15,55192,735],{}," on an existing list",[140,55195,55196],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[140,55198,55199],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55201,55202],{},"Example with an empty list:",[40,55204,55206],{"className":42,"code":55205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55207,55208,55217,55233,55237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55209,55210,55213,55215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55211,55212],{"class":55},"empty_list ",[49,55214,60],{"class":59},[49,55216,526],{"class":63},[49,55218,55219,55222,55224,55227,55229,55231],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55220,55221],{"class":55},"new_empty_list ",[49,55223,60],{"class":59},[49,55225,55226],{"class":55}," empty_list",[49,55228,91],{"class":63},[49,55230,12330],{"class":94},[49,55232,98],{"class":63},[49,55234,55235],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55236,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55238,55239,55241,55243,55246],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55240,105],{"class":104},[49,55242,108],{"class":63},[49,55244,55245],{"class":94},"new_empty_list",[49,55247,272],{"class":63},[20,55249,275],{},[40,55251,55252],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,55253,55254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55255,55256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55257,278],{"class":63},[20,55259,55260],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[35,55262,55264,55265],{"id":55263},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55266,60],{},[20,55268,1092,55269,13474,55271,330],{},[15,55270,60],{},[30,55272,329],{},[20,55274,55275],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[40,55277,55279],{"className":42,"code":55278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55280,55281,55301,55310,55314,55329,55333,55343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55284,214],{"class":55},[49,55286,60],{"class":59},[49,55288,64],{"class":63},[49,55290,68],{"class":67},[49,55292,71],{"class":63},[49,55294,74],{"class":67},[49,55296,71],{"class":63},[49,55298,79],{"class":67},[49,55300,82],{"class":63},[49,55302,55303,55306,55308],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55304,55305],{"class":55},"same_list ",[49,55307,60],{"class":59},[49,55309,43405],{"class":55},[49,55311,55312],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55313,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55315,55316,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55317,55318],{"class":55},"same_list",[49,55320,91],{"class":63},[49,55322,12973],{"class":94},[49,55324,108],{"class":63},[49,55326,1936],{"class":67},[49,55328,272],{"class":63},[49,55330,55331],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,55332,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,55336,105],{"class":104},[49,55338,108],{"class":63},[49,55340,249],{"class":94},[49,55342,272],{"class":63},[49,55344,55345,55347,55349,55351],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,55346,105],{"class":104},[49,55348,108],{"class":63},[49,55350,55318],{"class":94},[49,55352,272],{"class":63},[20,55354,275],{},[40,55356,55358],{"className":42,"code":55357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55359,55360,55380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55361,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370,55372,55374,55376,55378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55363,938],{"class":63},[49,55365,68],{"class":67},[49,55367,71],{"class":63},[49,55369,74],{"class":67},[49,55371,71],{"class":63},[49,55373,79],{"class":67},[49,55375,71],{"class":63},[49,55377,1888],{"class":67},[49,55379,82],{"class":63},[49,55381,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55383,938],{"class":63},[49,55385,68],{"class":67},[49,55387,71],{"class":63},[49,55389,74],{"class":67},[49,55391,71],{"class":63},[49,55393,79],{"class":67},[49,55395,71],{"class":63},[49,55397,1888],{"class":67},[49,55399,82],{"class":63},[20,55401,55402],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55404,55405,55406,135],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55407,735],{},[40,55409,55411],{"className":42,"code":55410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55412,55413,55433,55448,55452,55467,55471,55481],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55414,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423,55425,55427,55429,55431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55416,214],{"class":55},[49,55418,60],{"class":59},[49,55420,64],{"class":63},[49,55422,68],{"class":67},[49,55424,71],{"class":63},[49,55426,74],{"class":67},[49,55428,71],{"class":63},[49,55430,79],{"class":67},[49,55432,82],{"class":63},[49,55434,55435,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55436,55437],{"class":55},"copied_numbers ",[49,55439,60],{"class":59},[49,55441,3695],{"class":55},[49,55443,91],{"class":63},[49,55445,12330],{"class":94},[49,55447,98],{"class":63},[49,55449,55450],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55451,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55453,55454,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55455,55456],{"class":55},"copied_numbers",[49,55458,91],{"class":63},[49,55460,12973],{"class":94},[49,55462,108],{"class":63},[49,55464,1936],{"class":67},[49,55466,272],{"class":63},[49,55468,55469],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,55470,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55472,55473,55475,55477,55479],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,55474,105],{"class":104},[49,55476,108],{"class":63},[49,55478,249],{"class":94},[49,55480,272],{"class":63},[49,55482,55483,55485,55487,55489],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,55484,105],{"class":104},[49,55486,108],{"class":63},[49,55488,55456],{"class":94},[49,55490,272],{"class":63},[20,55492,275],{},[40,55494,55496],{"className":42,"code":55495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55497,55498,55514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55499,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55501,938],{"class":63},[49,55503,68],{"class":67},[49,55505,71],{"class":63},[49,55507,74],{"class":67},[49,55509,71],{"class":63},[49,55511,79],{"class":67},[49,55513,82],{"class":63},[49,55515,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55517,938],{"class":63},[49,55519,68],{"class":67},[49,55521,71],{"class":63},[49,55523,74],{"class":67},[49,55525,71],{"class":63},[49,55527,79],{"class":67},[49,55529,71],{"class":63},[49,55531,1888],{"class":67},[49,55533,82],{"class":63},[20,55535,55536,55537,91],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[308,55538,311],{"href":50404},[35,55540,55542],{"id":55541},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55544,55545,12266,55547,91],{},[15,55546,54882],{},[30,55548,12269],{},[20,55550,1539],{},[137,55552,55553,55556],{},[140,55554,55555],{},"The outer list is new",[140,55557,55558],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55560,55561],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[40,55563,55565],{"className":42,"code":55564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55566,55567,55594,55608,55612,55631,55635,55645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55568,55569,55571,55573,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55570,11509],{"class":55},[49,55572,60],{"class":59},[49,55574,55575],{"class":63}," [[",[49,55577,68],{"class":67},[49,55579,71],{"class":63},[49,55581,74],{"class":67},[49,55583,17484],{"class":63},[49,55585,64],{"class":63},[49,55587,1494],{"class":67},[49,55589,71],{"class":63},[49,55591,1888],{"class":67},[49,55593,52666],{"class":63},[49,55595,55596,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55597,13732],{"class":55},[49,55599,60],{"class":59},[49,55601,11584],{"class":55},[49,55603,91],{"class":63},[49,55605,12330],{"class":94},[49,55607,98],{"class":63},[49,55609,55610],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55611,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55613,55614,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55629],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55615,13751],{"class":55},[49,55617,938],{"class":63},[49,55619,1552],{"class":67},[49,55621,12970],{"class":63},[49,55623,12973],{"class":94},[49,55625,108],{"class":63},[49,55627,55628],{"class":67},"99",[49,55630,272],{"class":63},[49,55632,55633],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,55634,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55636,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,55638,105],{"class":104},[49,55640,108],{"class":63},[49,55642,11556],{"class":94},[49,55644,272],{"class":63},[49,55646,55647,55649,55651,55653],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,55648,105],{"class":104},[49,55650,108],{"class":63},[49,55652,13751],{"class":94},[49,55654,272],{"class":63},[20,55656,275],{},[40,55658,55660],{"className":42,"code":55659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55661,55662,55689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55663,55664,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55665,55666],{"class":63},"[[",[49,55668,68],{"class":67},[49,55670,71],{"class":63},[49,55672,74],{"class":67},[49,55674,71],{"class":63},[49,55676,9629],{"class":67},[49,55678,17484],{"class":63},[49,55680,64],{"class":63},[49,55682,1494],{"class":67},[49,55684,71],{"class":63},[49,55686,1888],{"class":67},[49,55688,52666],{"class":63},[49,55690,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55692,55666],{"class":63},[49,55694,68],{"class":67},[49,55696,71],{"class":63},[49,55698,74],{"class":67},[49,55700,71],{"class":63},[49,55702,9629],{"class":67},[49,55704,17484],{"class":63},[49,55706,64],{"class":63},[49,55708,1494],{"class":67},[49,55710,71],{"class":63},[49,55712,1888],{"class":67},[49,55714,52666],{"class":63},[20,55716,55717],{},"Why did both change?",[137,55719,55720,55727],{},[140,55721,55722,618,55724,55726],{},[15,55723,11556],{},[15,55725,13751],{}," are different outer lists",[140,55728,55729,55730,55733],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55731,55732],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55735,53077,55736,55738],{},[15,55737,735],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[137,55740,55741,55744,55747],{},[140,55742,55743],{},"Numbers",[140,55745,55746],{},"Strings",[140,55748,40019],{},[20,55750,55751,55752,91],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[308,55753,13211],{"href":13210},[35,55755,315],{"id":314},[20,55757,55758,55760],{},[15,55759,54882],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55762,326,55763,55765],{},[30,55764,329],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55767,55768],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55770,16078],{},[40,55772,55774],{"className":42,"code":55773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55775,55776,55800,55814,55818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55777,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55779,12495],{"class":55},[49,55781,60],{"class":59},[49,55783,64],{"class":63},[49,55785,347],{"class":346},[49,55787,12512],{"class":350},[49,55789,347],{"class":346},[49,55791,71],{"class":63},[49,55793,357],{"class":346},[49,55795,12529],{"class":350},[49,55797,347],{"class":346},[49,55799,82],{"class":63},[49,55801,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55803,12538],{"class":55},[49,55805,60],{"class":59},[49,55807,12543],{"class":55},[49,55809,91],{"class":63},[49,55811,12330],{"class":94},[49,55813,98],{"class":63},[49,55815,55816],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55817,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55819,55820,55822,55824,55826],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55821,105],{"class":104},[49,55823,108],{"class":63},[49,55825,12562],{"class":94},[49,55827,272],{"class":63},[20,55829,55830],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[40,55832,55834],{"className":42,"code":55833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55835,55836,55860,55870,55874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55837,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55839,12495],{"class":55},[49,55841,60],{"class":59},[49,55843,64],{"class":63},[49,55845,347],{"class":346},[49,55847,12512],{"class":350},[49,55849,347],{"class":346},[49,55851,71],{"class":63},[49,55853,357],{"class":346},[49,55855,12529],{"class":350},[49,55857,347],{"class":346},[49,55859,82],{"class":63},[49,55861,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55863,16924],{"class":55},[49,55865,91],{"class":63},[49,55867,12330],{"class":94},[49,55869,98],{"class":63},[49,55871,55872],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55873,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55875,55876,55878,55880,55882],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55877,105],{"class":104},[49,55879,108],{"class":63},[49,55881,16924],{"class":94},[49,55883,272],{"class":63},[20,55885,55886,55887,55889],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55888,735],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[35,55891,740,55893],{"id":55892},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55894,54882],{},[20,55896,120,55897,10033],{},[15,55898,54882],{},[137,55900,55901,55904,55907,55910],{},[140,55902,55903],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[140,55905,55906],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[140,55908,55909],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[140,55911,55912,55913],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,55914,55915],{},"[:]",[20,55917,761],{},[40,55919,55921],{"className":42,"code":55920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,55922,55923,55943,55958,55962,55977,55981,55991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55924,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55926,4494],{"class":55},[49,55928,60],{"class":59},[49,55930,64],{"class":63},[49,55932,221],{"class":67},[49,55934,71],{"class":63},[49,55936,226],{"class":67},[49,55938,71],{"class":63},[49,55940,231],{"class":67},[49,55942,82],{"class":63},[49,55944,55945,55948,55950,55952,55954,55956],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,55946,55947],{"class":55},"backup_scores ",[49,55949,60],{"class":59},[49,55951,4541],{"class":55},[49,55953,91],{"class":63},[49,55955,12330],{"class":94},[49,55957,98],{"class":63},[49,55959,55960],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,55961,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55963,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55975],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,55965,15811],{"class":55},[49,55967,91],{"class":63},[49,55969,12973],{"class":94},[49,55971,108],{"class":63},[49,55973,55974],{"class":67},"40",[49,55976,272],{"class":63},[49,55978,55979],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,55980,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,55982,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,55984,105],{"class":104},[49,55986,108],{"class":63},[49,55988,15811],{"class":94},[49,55990,272],{"class":63},[49,55992,55993,55995,55997,56000],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,55994,105],{"class":104},[49,55996,108],{"class":63},[49,55998,55999],{"class":94},"backup_scores",[49,56001,272],{"class":63},[20,56003,275],{},[40,56005,56007],{"className":42,"code":56006,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56008,56009,56029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56010,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56012,938],{"class":63},[49,56014,221],{"class":67},[49,56016,71],{"class":63},[49,56018,226],{"class":67},[49,56020,71],{"class":63},[49,56022,231],{"class":67},[49,56024,71],{"class":63},[49,56026,236],{"class":67},[49,56028,82],{"class":63},[49,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56032,938],{"class":63},[49,56034,221],{"class":67},[49,56036,71],{"class":63},[49,56038,226],{"class":67},[49,56040,71],{"class":63},[49,56042,231],{"class":67},[49,56044,82],{"class":63},[20,56046,56047,56048,91],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[308,56049,1325,56051,736],{"href":56050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56052,52078],{},[35,56054,863],{"id":862},[20,56056,56057,56058,91],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56059,54882],{},[528,56061,1092,56063,56065],{"id":56062},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56064,60],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56067,38622],{},[40,56069,56071],{"className":42,"code":56070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56072,56073,56093,56101,56115,56119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56074,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56076,543],{"class":55},[49,56078,60],{"class":59},[49,56080,64],{"class":63},[49,56082,68],{"class":67},[49,56084,71],{"class":63},[49,56086,74],{"class":67},[49,56088,71],{"class":63},[49,56090,79],{"class":67},[49,56092,82],{"class":63},[49,56094,56095,56097,56099],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56096,564],{"class":55},[49,56098,60],{"class":59},[49,56100,569],{"class":55},[49,56102,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,56104,360],{"class":55},[49,56106,91],{"class":63},[49,56108,12973],{"class":94},[49,56110,108],{"class":63},[49,56112,1936],{"class":67},[49,56114,272],{"class":63},[49,56116,56117],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,56118,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,56120,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,56122,105],{"class":104},[49,56124,108],{"class":63},[49,56126,308],{"class":94},[49,56128,113],{"class":63},[49,56130,54982],{"class":116},[20,56132,56133,56134,6064],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56135,735],{},[40,56137,56139],{"className":42,"code":56138,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56140,56141,56161,56176,56190,56194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56142,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56144,543],{"class":55},[49,56146,60],{"class":59},[49,56148,64],{"class":63},[49,56150,68],{"class":67},[49,56152,71],{"class":63},[49,56154,74],{"class":67},[49,56156,71],{"class":63},[49,56158,79],{"class":67},[49,56160,82],{"class":63},[49,56162,56163,56165,56167,56170,56172,56174],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56164,564],{"class":55},[49,56166,60],{"class":59},[49,56168,56169],{"class":55}," a",[49,56171,91],{"class":63},[49,56173,12330],{"class":94},[49,56175,98],{"class":63},[49,56177,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,56179,360],{"class":55},[49,56181,91],{"class":63},[49,56183,12973],{"class":94},[49,56185,108],{"class":63},[49,56187,1936],{"class":67},[49,56189,272],{"class":63},[49,56191,56192],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,56193,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,56197,105],{"class":104},[49,56199,108],{"class":63},[49,56201,308],{"class":94},[49,56203,113],{"class":63},[49,56205,702],{"class":116},[528,56207,56209],{"id":56208},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[40,56211,56213],{"className":42,"code":56212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56214,56215,56235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56216,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56218,214],{"class":55},[49,56220,60],{"class":59},[49,56222,64],{"class":63},[49,56224,68],{"class":67},[49,56226,71],{"class":63},[49,56228,74],{"class":67},[49,56230,71],{"class":63},[49,56232,79],{"class":67},[49,56234,82],{"class":63},[49,56236,56237,56239,56241,56243],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56238,249],{"class":55},[49,56240,91],{"class":63},[49,56242,12330],{"class":94},[49,56244,98],{"class":63},[20,56246,56247],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56249,38685],{},[40,56251,56253],{"className":42,"code":56252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56254,56255,56275],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56256,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56258,214],{"class":55},[49,56260,60],{"class":59},[49,56262,64],{"class":63},[49,56264,68],{"class":67},[49,56266,71],{"class":63},[49,56268,74],{"class":67},[49,56270,71],{"class":63},[49,56272,79],{"class":67},[49,56274,82],{"class":63},[49,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56278,55437],{"class":55},[49,56280,60],{"class":59},[49,56282,3695],{"class":55},[49,56284,91],{"class":63},[49,56286,12330],{"class":94},[49,56288,98],{"class":63},[528,56290,56292],{"id":56291},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[40,56294,56296],{"className":42,"code":56295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56297,56298,56316,56330,56334,56352,56356],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56301,543],{"class":55},[49,56303,60],{"class":59},[49,56305,55575],{"class":63},[49,56307,68],{"class":67},[49,56309,17484],{"class":63},[49,56311,64],{"class":63},[49,56313,1488],{"class":67},[49,56315,52666],{"class":63},[49,56317,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56319,564],{"class":55},[49,56321,60],{"class":59},[49,56323,56169],{"class":55},[49,56325,91],{"class":63},[49,56327,12330],{"class":94},[49,56329,98],{"class":63},[49,56331,56332],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,56333,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,56337,360],{"class":55},[49,56339,938],{"class":63},[49,56341,1552],{"class":67},[49,56343,12970],{"class":63},[49,56345,12973],{"class":94},[49,56347,108],{"class":63},[49,56349,55628],{"class":67},[49,56351,272],{"class":63},[49,56353,56354],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,56355,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,56357,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,56359,105],{"class":104},[49,56361,108],{"class":63},[49,56363,308],{"class":94},[49,56365,113],{"class":63},[49,56367,56368],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56370,56371,56372,56374],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56373,54882],{}," is shallow.",[528,56376,25039,56378,56380],{"id":56377},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56379,735],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56382,56383,56385],{},[15,56384,735],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[40,56387,56389],{"className":42,"code":56388,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56390,56391,56403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56392,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56394,7308],{"class":55},[49,56396,60],{"class":59},[49,56398,357],{"class":346},[49,56400,4434],{"class":350},[49,56402,1124],{"class":346},[49,56404,56405],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56406,56407],{"class":116},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56409,56410],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[40,56412,56414],{"className":42,"code":56413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56415,56416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56419,105],{"class":104},[49,56421,108],{"class":63},[49,56423,1175],{"class":1174},[49,56425,108],{"class":63},[49,56427,7103],{"class":94},[49,56429,1182],{"class":63},[20,56431,56432,56433,56437],{},"You can also review ",[308,56434,56436],{"href":56435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[35,56439,1253],{"id":1252},[528,56441,1257,56443,56445],{"id":56442},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56444,54882],{}," change the original list?",[20,56447,56448],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[528,56450,1279,56452,618,56454,1284],{"id":56451},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56453,54882],{},[15,56455,60],{},[20,56457,56458,56460,56461,56463],{},[15,56459,735],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56462,60],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[528,56465,14324,56467,14327],{"id":56466},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56468,54882],{},[20,56470,56471],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[528,56473,56475],{"id":56474},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56477,41576,56478,56481],{},[15,56479,56480],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[528,56483,14324,56485,56487,56488,1284],{"id":56484},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56486,54882],{}," the same as ",[15,56489,55915],{},[20,56491,56492],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[35,56494,1309],{"id":1308},[137,56496,56497,56502,56506,56511,56517],{},[140,56498,56499],{},[308,56500,14386],{"href":56501},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[140,56503,56504],{},[308,56505,311],{"href":50404},[140,56507,56508],{},[308,56509,56510],{"href":56435},"Creating a list in Python",[140,56512,56513],{},[308,56514,1325,56515,736],{"href":56050},[15,56516,52078],{},[140,56518,56519],{},[308,56520,13211],{"href":13210},[1352,56522,56523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":56525},[56526,56527,56529,56530,56532,56533,56534,56536,56544,56555],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":54992,"depth":85,"text":56528},"What list.copy() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":55263,"depth":85,"text":56531},"Why not use =",{"id":55541,"depth":85,"text":55542},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":55892,"depth":85,"text":56535},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":56537},[56538,56540,56541,56542],{"id":56062,"depth":101,"text":56539},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56208,"depth":101,"text":56209},{"id":56291,"depth":101,"text":56292},{"id":56377,"depth":101,"text":56543},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":56545},[56546,56548,56550,56552,56553],{"id":56442,"depth":101,"text":56547},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56451,"depth":101,"text":56549},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56466,"depth":101,"text":56551},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56474,"depth":101,"text":56475},{"id":56484,"depth":101,"text":56554},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54870,"description":56556},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56563,"title":56564,"body":56565,"description":58307,"extension":1392,"meta":58308,"navigation":243,"path":58309,"seo":58310,"stem":58311,"__hash__":58312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56566,"toc":58266},[56567,56573,56579,56582,56593,56596,56598,56661,56667,56672,56676,56690,56693,56698,56703,56705,56707,56726,56738,56740,56807,56809,56817,56822,56824,56832,56835,56852,56854,56978,56989,56993,56998,57001,57003,57021,57025,57111,57120,57128,57197,57199,57202,57214,57219,57223,57294,57297,57301,57305,57370,57372,57380,57384,57467,57469,57477,57481,57542,57544,57552,57556,57643,57645,57653,57658,57663,57666,57677,57679,57764,57769,57778,57780,57784,57788,57793,57855,57859,57867,57873,57882,57887,57936,57939,57960,57964,58026,58033,58038,58041,58128,58131,58142,58145,58165,58167,58173,58176,58180,58184,58190,58193,58199,58206,58214,58225,58227,58263],[10,56568,13,56570,18],{"id":56569},"python-list-count-method",[15,56571,56572],{},"count()",[20,56574,56575,56578],{},[15,56576,56577],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56580,56581],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[137,56583,56584,56587,56590],{},[140,56585,56586],{},"count one specific item",[140,56588,56589],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[140,56591,56592],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56594,56595],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[35,56597,38],{"id":37},[40,56599,56601],{"className":42,"code":56600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56602,56603,56631,56649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56604,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56606,214],{"class":55},[49,56608,60],{"class":59},[49,56610,64],{"class":63},[49,56612,68],{"class":67},[49,56614,71],{"class":63},[49,56616,74],{"class":67},[49,56618,71],{"class":63},[49,56620,74],{"class":67},[49,56622,71],{"class":63},[49,56624,79],{"class":67},[49,56626,71],{"class":63},[49,56628,74],{"class":67},[49,56630,82],{"class":63},[49,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56634,382],{"class":55},[49,56636,60],{"class":59},[49,56638,3695],{"class":55},[49,56640,91],{"class":63},[49,56642,40683],{"class":94},[49,56644,108],{"class":63},[49,56646,1488],{"class":67},[49,56648,272],{"class":63},[49,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,56652,105],{"class":104},[49,56654,108],{"class":63},[49,56656,420],{"class":94},[49,56658,113],{"class":63},[49,56660,50196],{"class":116},[20,56662,120,56663,56666],{},[15,56664,56665],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[35,56668,127,56670,130],{"id":56669},"what-listcount-does",[15,56671,56577],{},[20,56673,56674,135],{},[15,56675,56577],{},[137,56677,56678,56681,56684,56687],{},[140,56679,56680],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[140,56682,56683],{},"returns an integer",[140,56685,56686],{},"does not change the original list",[140,56688,56689],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56691,56692],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56694,56695,56696,91],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56697,1494],{},[20,56699,56700,56701,91],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56702,1552],{},[35,56704,164],{"id":163},[20,56706,1592],{},[40,56708,56710],{"className":42,"code":56709,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56711,56712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56713,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56715,177],{"class":55},[49,56717,91],{"class":63},[49,56719,40683],{"class":94},[49,56721,108],{"class":63},[49,56723,1904],{"class":94},[49,56725,272],{"class":63},[137,56727,56728,56733],{},[140,56729,56730,56732],{},[15,56731,177],{}," is the list you want to search",[140,56734,56735,56737],{},[15,56736,1904],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56739,761],{},[40,56741,56743],{"className":42,"code":56742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56744,56745,56785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56746,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56748,35513],{"class":55},[49,56750,60],{"class":59},[49,56752,64],{"class":63},[49,56754,347],{"class":346},[49,56756,308],{"class":350},[49,56758,347],{"class":346},[49,56760,71],{"class":63},[49,56762,357],{"class":346},[49,56764,360],{"class":350},[49,56766,347],{"class":346},[49,56768,71],{"class":63},[49,56770,357],{"class":346},[49,56772,308],{"class":350},[49,56774,347],{"class":346},[49,56776,71],{"class":63},[49,56778,357],{"class":346},[49,56780,369],{"class":350},[49,56782,347],{"class":346},[49,56784,82],{"class":63},[49,56786,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56788,105],{"class":104},[49,56790,108],{"class":63},[49,56792,35566],{"class":94},[49,56794,91],{"class":63},[49,56796,40683],{"class":94},[49,56798,108],{"class":63},[49,56800,347],{"class":346},[49,56802,308],{"class":350},[49,56804,347],{"class":346},[49,56806,1182],{"class":63},[20,56808,275],{},[40,56810,56811],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,56812,56813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56814,56815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56816,16479],{"class":67},[20,56818,56819,56820,91],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56821,1552],{},[35,56823,37444],{"id":37443},[20,56825,56826,56827,56829,56830,91],{},"The return value from ",[15,56828,56572],{}," is always an ",[15,56831,1621],{},[20,56833,56834],{},"Possible results:",[137,56836,56837,56842,56847],{},[140,56838,56839,56841],{},[15,56840,1552],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[140,56843,56844,56846],{},[15,56845,68],{}," if it appears once",[140,56848,56849,56851],{},[15,56850,1488],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56853,761],{},[40,56855,56857],{"className":42,"code":56856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56858,56859,56899,56903,56928,56953],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56862,12495],{"class":55},[49,56864,60],{"class":59},[49,56866,64],{"class":63},[49,56868,347],{"class":346},[49,56870,12512],{"class":350},[49,56872,347],{"class":346},[49,56874,71],{"class":63},[49,56876,357],{"class":346},[49,56878,12529],{"class":350},[49,56880,347],{"class":346},[49,56882,71],{"class":63},[49,56884,357],{"class":346},[49,56886,16877],{"class":350},[49,56888,347],{"class":346},[49,56890,71],{"class":63},[49,56892,357],{"class":346},[49,56894,12529],{"class":350},[49,56896,347],{"class":346},[49,56898,82],{"class":63},[49,56900,56901],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,56902,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,56904,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,56906,105],{"class":104},[49,56908,108],{"class":63},[49,56910,16924],{"class":94},[49,56912,91],{"class":63},[49,56914,40683],{"class":94},[49,56916,108],{"class":63},[49,56918,347],{"class":346},[49,56920,12529],{"class":350},[49,56922,347],{"class":346},[49,56924,4793],{"class":63},[49,56926,56927],{"class":116},"   # 2\n",[49,56929,56930,56932,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,56931,105],{"class":104},[49,56933,108],{"class":63},[49,56935,16924],{"class":94},[49,56937,91],{"class":63},[49,56939,40683],{"class":94},[49,56941,108],{"class":63},[49,56943,347],{"class":346},[49,56945,12512],{"class":350},[49,56947,347],{"class":346},[49,56949,4793],{"class":63},[49,56951,56952],{"class":116},"    # 1\n",[49,56954,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,56956,105],{"class":104},[49,56958,108],{"class":63},[49,56960,16924],{"class":94},[49,56962,91],{"class":63},[49,56964,40683],{"class":94},[49,56966,108],{"class":63},[49,56968,347],{"class":346},[49,56970,21946],{"class":350},[49,56972,347],{"class":346},[49,56974,4793],{"class":63},[49,56976,56977],{"class":116}," # 0\n",[20,56979,56980,56981,56983,56984,56986,56987,91],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,56982,56572],{}," works, but using ",[15,56985,3313],{}," is often simpler. See ",[308,56988,5631],{"href":5630},[35,56990,56992],{"id":56991},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,56994,56995,56997],{},[15,56996,56577],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,56999,57000],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57002,43073],{},[137,57004,57005,57008,57011,57018],{},[140,57006,57007],{},"matches are based on equality",[140,57009,57010],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[140,57012,57013,618,57015,57017],{},[15,57014,68],{},[15,57016,3039],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[140,57019,57020],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[528,57022,57024],{"id":57023},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[40,57026,57028],{"className":42,"code":57027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57029,57030,57063,57087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57051,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57033,3501],{"class":55},[49,57035,60],{"class":59},[49,57037,64],{"class":63},[49,57039,347],{"class":346},[49,57041,3510],{"class":350},[49,57043,347],{"class":346},[49,57045,71],{"class":63},[49,57047,357],{"class":346},[49,57049,57050],{"class":350},"Apple",[49,57052,347],{"class":346},[49,57054,71],{"class":63},[49,57056,357],{"class":346},[49,57058,3510],{"class":350},[49,57060,347],{"class":346},[49,57062,82],{"class":63},[49,57064,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57066,105],{"class":104},[49,57068,108],{"class":63},[49,57070,3545],{"class":94},[49,57072,91],{"class":63},[49,57074,40683],{"class":94},[49,57076,108],{"class":63},[49,57078,347],{"class":346},[49,57080,3510],{"class":350},[49,57082,347],{"class":346},[49,57084,4793],{"class":63},[49,57086,50840],{"class":116},[49,57088,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57090,105],{"class":104},[49,57092,108],{"class":63},[49,57094,3545],{"class":94},[49,57096,91],{"class":63},[49,57098,40683],{"class":94},[49,57100,108],{"class":63},[49,57102,347],{"class":346},[49,57104,57050],{"class":350},[49,57106,347],{"class":346},[49,57108,4793],{"class":63},[49,57110,27203],{"class":116},[20,57112,57113,618,57116,57119],{},[15,57114,57115],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57117,57118],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[528,57121,57123,618,57125,57127],{"id":57122},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57124,68],{},[15,57126,3039],{}," can match",[40,57129,57131],{"className":42,"code":57130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57132,57133,57157,57177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57134,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57136,3252],{"class":55},[49,57138,60],{"class":59},[49,57140,64],{"class":63},[49,57142,68],{"class":67},[49,57144,71],{"class":63},[49,57146,3346],{"class":3281},[49,57148,71],{"class":63},[49,57150,74],{"class":67},[49,57152,71],{"class":63},[49,57154,4930],{"class":67},[49,57156,82],{"class":63},[49,57158,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57160,105],{"class":104},[49,57162,108],{"class":63},[49,57164,4790],{"class":94},[49,57166,91],{"class":63},[49,57168,40683],{"class":94},[49,57170,108],{"class":63},[49,57172,68],{"class":67},[49,57174,4793],{"class":63},[49,57176,50343],{"class":116},[49,57178,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57180,105],{"class":104},[49,57182,108],{"class":63},[49,57184,4790],{"class":94},[49,57186,91],{"class":63},[49,57188,40683],{"class":94},[49,57190,108],{"class":63},[49,57192,3039],{"class":3281},[49,57194,4793],{"class":63},[49,57196,50196],{"class":116},[20,57198,3842],{},[20,57200,57201],{},"In Python:",[137,57203,57204,57209],{},[140,57205,57206],{},[15,57207,57208],{},"True == 1",[140,57210,57211],{},[15,57212,57213],{},"False == 0",[20,57215,53077,57216,57218],{},[15,57217,56572],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[528,57220,57222],{"id":57221},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[40,57224,57226],{"className":42,"code":57225,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57227,57228,57270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57229,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57231,56],{"class":55},[49,57233,60],{"class":59},[49,57235,55575],{"class":63},[49,57237,68],{"class":67},[49,57239,71],{"class":63},[49,57241,74],{"class":67},[49,57243,17484],{"class":63},[49,57245,64],{"class":63},[49,57247,1494],{"class":67},[49,57249,71],{"class":63},[49,57251,1888],{"class":67},[49,57253,17484],{"class":63},[49,57255,64],{"class":63},[49,57257,68],{"class":67},[49,57259,71],{"class":63},[49,57261,74],{"class":67},[49,57263,17484],{"class":63},[49,57265,64],{"class":63},[49,57267,68],{"class":67},[49,57269,52666],{"class":63},[49,57271,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57273,105],{"class":104},[49,57275,108],{"class":63},[49,57277,88],{"class":94},[49,57279,91],{"class":63},[49,57281,40683],{"class":94},[49,57283,2418],{"class":63},[49,57285,68],{"class":67},[49,57287,71],{"class":63},[49,57289,74],{"class":67},[49,57291,4166],{"class":63},[49,57293,50840],{"class":116},[20,57295,57296],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[35,57298,57300],{"id":57299},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[528,57302,57304],{"id":57303},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[40,57306,57308],{"className":42,"code":57307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57309,57310,57338,57356,57360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57311,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57313,214],{"class":55},[49,57315,60],{"class":59},[49,57317,64],{"class":63},[49,57319,221],{"class":67},[49,57321,71],{"class":63},[49,57323,226],{"class":67},[49,57325,71],{"class":63},[49,57327,5437],{"class":67},[49,57329,71],{"class":63},[49,57331,231],{"class":67},[49,57333,71],{"class":63},[49,57335,5437],{"class":67},[49,57337,82],{"class":63},[49,57339,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57341,382],{"class":55},[49,57343,60],{"class":59},[49,57345,3695],{"class":55},[49,57347,91],{"class":63},[49,57349,40683],{"class":94},[49,57351,108],{"class":63},[49,57353,221],{"class":67},[49,57355,272],{"class":63},[49,57357,57358],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57359,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,57361,57362,57364,57366,57368],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,57363,105],{"class":104},[49,57365,108],{"class":63},[49,57367,420],{"class":94},[49,57369,272],{"class":63},[20,57371,275],{},[40,57373,57374],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57375,57376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57377,57378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57379,46041],{"class":67},[528,57381,57383],{"id":57382},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[40,57385,57387],{"className":42,"code":57386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57388,57389,57431,57453,57457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57390,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57427,57429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57392,3501],{"class":55},[49,57394,60],{"class":59},[49,57396,64],{"class":63},[49,57398,347],{"class":346},[49,57400,36470],{"class":350},[49,57402,347],{"class":346},[49,57404,71],{"class":63},[49,57406,357],{"class":346},[49,57408,57409],{"class":350},"dog",[49,57411,347],{"class":346},[49,57413,71],{"class":63},[49,57415,357],{"class":346},[49,57417,36470],{"class":350},[49,57419,347],{"class":346},[49,57421,71],{"class":63},[49,57423,357],{"class":346},[49,57425,57426],{"class":350},"bird",[49,57428,347],{"class":346},[49,57430,82],{"class":63},[49,57432,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57434,382],{"class":55},[49,57436,60],{"class":59},[49,57438,5601],{"class":55},[49,57440,91],{"class":63},[49,57442,40683],{"class":94},[49,57444,108],{"class":63},[49,57446,347],{"class":346},[49,57448,36470],{"class":350},[49,57450,347],{"class":346},[49,57452,272],{"class":63},[49,57454,57455],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57456,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,57458,57459,57461,57463,57465],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,57460,105],{"class":104},[49,57462,108],{"class":63},[49,57464,420],{"class":94},[49,57466,272],{"class":63},[20,57468,275],{},[40,57470,57471],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57472,57473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57474,57475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57476,16479],{"class":67},[528,57478,57480],{"id":57479},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[40,57482,57484],{"className":42,"code":57483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57485,57486,57510,57528,57532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57487,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57489,214],{"class":55},[49,57491,60],{"class":59},[49,57493,64],{"class":63},[49,57495,68],{"class":67},[49,57497,71],{"class":63},[49,57499,74],{"class":67},[49,57501,71],{"class":63},[49,57503,79],{"class":67},[49,57505,71],{"class":63},[49,57507,1888],{"class":67},[49,57509,82],{"class":63},[49,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57513,382],{"class":55},[49,57515,60],{"class":59},[49,57517,3695],{"class":55},[49,57519,91],{"class":63},[49,57521,40683],{"class":94},[49,57523,108],{"class":63},[49,57525,1569],{"class":67},[49,57527,272],{"class":63},[49,57529,57530],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57531,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,57533,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,57535,105],{"class":104},[49,57537,108],{"class":63},[49,57539,420],{"class":94},[49,57541,272],{"class":63},[20,57543,275],{},[40,57545,57546],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57547,57548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57549,57550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57551,46676],{"class":67},[528,57553,57555],{"id":57554},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[40,57557,57559],{"className":42,"code":57558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57560,57561,57607,57629,57633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57564,8597],{"class":55},[49,57566,60],{"class":59},[49,57568,55575],{"class":63},[49,57570,68],{"class":67},[49,57572,71],{"class":63},[49,57574,74],{"class":67},[49,57576,17484],{"class":63},[49,57578,64],{"class":63},[49,57580,68],{"class":67},[49,57582,71],{"class":63},[49,57584,74],{"class":67},[49,57586,17484],{"class":63},[49,57588,64],{"class":63},[49,57590,1488],{"class":67},[49,57592,71],{"class":63},[49,57594,79],{"class":67},[49,57596,17484],{"class":63},[49,57598,64],{"class":63},[49,57600,68],{"class":67},[49,57602,71],{"class":63},[49,57604,74],{"class":67},[49,57606,52666],{"class":63},[49,57608,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57610,382],{"class":55},[49,57612,60],{"class":59},[49,57614,13987],{"class":55},[49,57616,91],{"class":63},[49,57618,40683],{"class":94},[49,57620,2418],{"class":63},[49,57622,68],{"class":67},[49,57624,71],{"class":63},[49,57626,74],{"class":67},[49,57628,3319],{"class":63},[49,57630,57631],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57632,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,57634,57635,57637,57639,57641],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,57636,105],{"class":104},[49,57638,108],{"class":63},[49,57640,420],{"class":94},[49,57642,272],{"class":63},[20,57644,275],{},[40,57646,57647],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57648,57649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57650,57651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57652,46041],{"class":67},[35,57654,740,57656],{"id":57655},"when-to-use-count",[15,57657,56572],{},[20,57659,120,57660,57662],{},[15,57661,56572],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57664,57665],{},"Good use cases:",[137,57667,57668,57671,57674],{},[140,57669,57670],{},"counting one specific item",[140,57672,57673],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[140,57675,57676],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57678,761],{},[40,57680,57682],{"className":42,"code":57681,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57683,57684,57725,57749,57753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57685,57686,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57687,57688],{"class":55},"votes ",[49,57690,60],{"class":59},[49,57692,64],{"class":63},[49,57694,347],{"class":346},[49,57696,8088],{"class":350},[49,57698,347],{"class":346},[49,57700,71],{"class":63},[49,57702,357],{"class":346},[49,57704,8028],{"class":350},[49,57706,347],{"class":346},[49,57708,71],{"class":63},[49,57710,357],{"class":346},[49,57712,8088],{"class":350},[49,57714,347],{"class":346},[49,57716,71],{"class":63},[49,57718,357],{"class":346},[49,57720,8088],{"class":350},[49,57722,347],{"class":346},[49,57724,82],{"class":63},[49,57726,57727,57730,57732,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57728,57729],{"class":55},"yes_votes ",[49,57731,60],{"class":59},[49,57733,57734],{"class":55}," votes",[49,57736,91],{"class":63},[49,57738,40683],{"class":94},[49,57740,108],{"class":63},[49,57742,347],{"class":346},[49,57744,8088],{"class":350},[49,57746,347],{"class":346},[49,57748,272],{"class":63},[49,57750,57751],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,57752,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,57754,57755,57757,57759,57762],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,57756,105],{"class":104},[49,57758,108],{"class":63},[49,57760,57761],{"class":94},"yes_votes",[49,57763,272],{"class":63},[20,57765,57766,57768],{},[15,57767,56572],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57770,57771,57772,618,57774,91],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[308,57773,311],{"href":50404},[308,57775,57777],{"href":57776},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[35,57779,2261],{"id":2260},[20,57781,7878,57782,91],{},[15,57783,56577],{},[528,57785,57787],{"id":57786},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57789,57790,57792],{},[15,57791,56577],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[40,57794,57796],{"className":42,"code":57795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57797,57798,57831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57799,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57801,3501],{"class":55},[49,57803,60],{"class":59},[49,57805,64],{"class":63},[49,57807,347],{"class":346},[49,57809,57810],{"class":350},"apple pie",[49,57812,347],{"class":346},[49,57814,71],{"class":63},[49,57816,357],{"class":346},[49,57818,3519],{"class":350},[49,57820,347],{"class":346},[49,57822,71],{"class":63},[49,57824,357],{"class":346},[49,57826,57810],{"class":350},[49,57828,347],{"class":346},[49,57830,82],{"class":63},[49,57832,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57834,105],{"class":104},[49,57836,108],{"class":63},[49,57838,3545],{"class":94},[49,57840,91],{"class":63},[49,57842,40683],{"class":94},[49,57844,108],{"class":63},[49,57846,347],{"class":346},[49,57848,3510],{"class":350},[49,57850,347],{"class":346},[49,57852,4793],{"class":63},[49,57854,50672],{"class":116},[20,57856,1920,57857,1284],{},[15,57858,1552],{},[20,57860,28484,57861,57863,57864,91],{},[15,57862,57115],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57865,57866],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57868,57869,57870,91],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57871,57872],{},"str.count()",[528,57874,1011,57876,7886,57878,2310,57880],{"id":57875},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57877,56572],{},[15,57879,3039],{},[15,57881,3105],{},[20,57883,57884,57886],{},[15,57885,56572],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[40,57888,57890],{"className":42,"code":57889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57891,57892,57916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57893,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57895,214],{"class":55},[49,57897,60],{"class":59},[49,57899,64],{"class":63},[49,57901,68],{"class":67},[49,57903,71],{"class":63},[49,57905,74],{"class":67},[49,57907,71],{"class":63},[49,57909,74],{"class":67},[49,57911,71],{"class":63},[49,57913,79],{"class":67},[49,57915,82],{"class":63},[49,57917,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,57919,105],{"class":104},[49,57921,108],{"class":63},[49,57923,249],{"class":94},[49,57925,91],{"class":63},[49,57927,40683],{"class":94},[49,57929,108],{"class":63},[49,57931,1488],{"class":67},[49,57933,4793],{"class":63},[49,57935,50840],{"class":116},[20,57937,57938],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[40,57940,57942],{"className":42,"code":57941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,57943,57944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57945,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57947,105],{"class":104},[49,57949,108],{"class":63},[49,57951,1488],{"class":67},[49,57953,20595],{"class":3306},[49,57955,3695],{"class":94},[49,57957,113],{"class":63},[49,57959,3095],{"class":116},[528,57961,57963],{"id":57962},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[40,57965,57967],{"className":42,"code":57966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,57968,57969,58002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57970,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57998,58000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57972,4425],{"class":55},[49,57974,60],{"class":59},[49,57976,64],{"class":63},[49,57978,347],{"class":346},[49,57980,7112],{"class":350},[49,57982,347],{"class":346},[49,57984,71],{"class":63},[49,57986,357],{"class":346},[49,57988,19641],{"class":350},[49,57990,347],{"class":346},[49,57992,71],{"class":63},[49,57994,357],{"class":346},[49,57996,57997],{"class":350},"SAM",[49,57999,347],{"class":346},[49,58001,82],{"class":63},[49,58003,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58005,105],{"class":104},[49,58007,108],{"class":63},[49,58009,4469],{"class":94},[49,58011,91],{"class":63},[49,58013,40683],{"class":94},[49,58015,108],{"class":63},[49,58017,347],{"class":346},[49,58019,19641],{"class":350},[49,58021,347],{"class":346},[49,58023,4793],{"class":63},[49,58025,27203],{"class":116},[20,58027,58028,58029,58032],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58030,58031],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[528,58034,29073,58036,32972],{"id":58035},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58037,56572],{},[20,58039,58040],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[40,58042,58044],{"className":42,"code":58043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58045,58046,58056,58070,58088,58102,58114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58047,58048,58050,58052,58054],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58049,105],{"class":104},[49,58051,108],{"class":63},[49,58053,177],{"class":94},[49,58055,272],{"class":63},[49,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58059,105],{"class":104},[49,58061,108],{"class":63},[49,58063,1175],{"class":1174},[49,58065,108],{"class":63},[49,58067,177],{"class":94},[49,58069,1182],{"class":63},[49,58071,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58073,105],{"class":104},[49,58075,108],{"class":63},[49,58077,177],{"class":94},[49,58079,91],{"class":63},[49,58081,40683],{"class":94},[49,58083,108],{"class":63},[49,58085,1904],{"class":94},[49,58087,1182],{"class":63},[49,58089,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,58091,105],{"class":104},[49,58093,108],{"class":63},[49,58095,1878],{"class":94},[49,58097,3313],{"class":3306},[49,58099,7827],{"class":94},[49,58101,272],{"class":63},[49,58103,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,58105,5391],{"class":3306},[49,58107,5394],{"class":55},[49,58109,3313],{"class":3306},[49,58111,7827],{"class":55},[49,58113,5826],{"class":63},[49,58115,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,58117,7501],{"class":104},[49,58119,108],{"class":63},[49,58121,41203],{"class":104},[49,58123,108],{"class":63},[49,58125,22733],{"class":94},[49,58127,1182],{"class":63},[20,58129,58130],{},"These checks can help you see:",[137,58132,58133,58136,58139],{},[140,58134,58135],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[140,58137,58138],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[140,58140,58141],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58143,58144],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[137,58146,58147,58152,58155,58162],{},[140,58148,49917,58149,58151],{},[15,58150,56572],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[140,58153,58154],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[140,58156,10537,58157,58159,58160],{},[15,58158,56577],{}," with string ",[15,58161,56572],{},[140,58163,58164],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[35,58166,1253],{"id":1252},[528,58168,1257,58170,58172],{"id":58169},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58171,56577],{}," change the list?",[20,58174,58175],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[528,58177,58179],{"id":58178},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58181,11335,58182,91],{},[15,58183,1552],{},[528,58185,4601,58187,58189],{"id":58186},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58188,56577],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58191,58192],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[528,58194,14324,58196,58198],{"id":58195},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58197,56577],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58200,41576,58201,618,58203,58205],{},[15,58202,57118],{},[15,58204,57115],{}," are different values.",[528,58207,4589,58209,58211,58212,1284],{"id":58208},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58210,3039],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58213,68],{},[20,58215,8216,58216,58218,58219,618,58221,58218,58223,91],{},[15,58217,3039],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58220,68],{},[15,58222,3105],{},[15,58224,1552],{},[35,58226,1309],{"id":1308},[137,58228,58229,58233,58239,58243,58251,58258],{},[140,58230,58231],{},[308,58232,311],{"href":50404},[140,58234,58235],{},[308,58236,58238],{"href":58237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[140,58240,58241],{},[308,58242,6369],{"href":5630},[140,58244,58245],{},[308,58246,1325,58248,736],{"href":58247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58249,58250],{},"index()",[140,58252,58253],{},[308,58254,3010,58256],{"href":58255},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58257,41784],{},[140,58259,58260],{},[308,58261,58262],{"href":57776},"What is a list in Python",[1352,58264,58265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":58267},[58268,58269,58271,58272,58273,58279,58285,58287,58295,58306],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":56669,"depth":85,"text":58270},"What list.count() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444},{"id":56991,"depth":85,"text":56992,"children":58274},[58275,58276,58278],{"id":57023,"depth":101,"text":57024},{"id":57122,"depth":101,"text":58277},"1 and True can match",{"id":57221,"depth":101,"text":57222},{"id":57299,"depth":85,"text":57300,"children":58280},[58281,58282,58283,58284],{"id":57303,"depth":101,"text":57304},{"id":57382,"depth":101,"text":57383},{"id":57479,"depth":101,"text":57480},{"id":57554,"depth":101,"text":57555},{"id":57655,"depth":85,"text":58286},"When to use count()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":58288},[58289,58290,58292,58293],{"id":57786,"depth":101,"text":57787},{"id":57875,"depth":101,"text":58291},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":57962,"depth":101,"text":57963},{"id":58035,"depth":101,"text":58294},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":58296},[58297,58299,58300,58302,58304],{"id":58169,"depth":101,"text":58298},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58178,"depth":101,"text":58179},{"id":58186,"depth":101,"text":58301},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58195,"depth":101,"text":58303},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58208,"depth":101,"text":58305},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56564,"description":58307},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58314,"title":58315,"body":58316,"description":60279,"extension":1392,"meta":60280,"navigation":243,"path":60281,"seo":60282,"stem":60283,"__hash__":60284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58317,"toc":60242},[58318,58321,58324,58326,58454,58458,58539,58550,58552,58571,58575,58578,58581,58599,58601,58644,58648,58673,58682,58686,58691,58694,58811,58815,58884,58888,58900,58904,58907,58948,58952,58965,58968,59053,59057,59090,59097,59103,59108,59110,59122,59126,59159,59163,59195,59199,59236,59240,59260,59264,59298,59302,59331,59342,59346,59349,59352,59365,59422,59426,59465,59471,59474,59476,59479,59483,59486,59511,59513,59538,59545,59548,59593,59597,59616,59619,59658,59665,59670,59704,59708,59809,59816,59849,59853,59879,59883,59886,59924,59927,59964,59968,59971,59990,59994,60055,60057,60075,60079,60082,60085,60114,60116,60120,60123,60131,60135,60138,60158,60164,60170,60174,60177,60184,60192,60194,60233,60239],[10,58319,58315],{"id":58320},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58322,58323],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[35,58325,38],{"id":37},[40,58327,58329],{"className":42,"code":58328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58330,58331,58351,58383,58391,58409,58413,58423,58433,58444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58332,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58334,214],{"class":55},[49,58336,60],{"class":59},[49,58338,64],{"class":63},[49,58340,68],{"class":67},[49,58342,71],{"class":63},[49,58344,74],{"class":67},[49,58346,71],{"class":63},[49,58348,79],{"class":67},[49,58350,82],{"class":63},[49,58352,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58354,4425],{"class":55},[49,58356,60],{"class":59},[49,58358,64],{"class":63},[49,58360,347],{"class":346},[49,58362,12299],{"class":350},[49,58364,347],{"class":346},[49,58366,71],{"class":63},[49,58368,357],{"class":346},[49,58370,35363],{"class":350},[49,58372,347],{"class":346},[49,58374,71],{"class":63},[49,58376,357],{"class":346},[49,58378,35372],{"class":350},[49,58380,347],{"class":346},[49,58382,82],{"class":63},[49,58384,58385,58387,58389],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58386,55212],{"class":55},[49,58388,60],{"class":59},[49,58390,526],{"class":63},[49,58392,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,58394,35513],{"class":55},[49,58396,60],{"class":59},[49,58398,21982],{"class":1174},[49,58400,108],{"class":63},[49,58402,347],{"class":346},[49,58404,40984],{"class":350},[49,58406,347],{"class":346},[49,58408,272],{"class":63},[49,58410,58411],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,58412,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,58414,58415,58417,58419,58421],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,58416,105],{"class":104},[49,58418,108],{"class":63},[49,58420,249],{"class":94},[49,58422,272],{"class":63},[49,58424,58425,58427,58429,58431],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,58426,105],{"class":104},[49,58428,108],{"class":63},[49,58430,4469],{"class":94},[49,58432,272],{"class":63},[49,58434,58435,58437,58439,58442],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,58436,105],{"class":104},[49,58438,108],{"class":63},[49,58440,58441],{"class":94},"empty_list",[49,58443,272],{"class":63},[49,58445,58446,58448,58450,58452],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,58447,105],{"class":104},[49,58449,108],{"class":63},[49,58451,35566],{"class":94},[49,58453,272],{"class":63},[20,58455,58456],{},[30,58457,275],{},[40,58459,58461],{"className":42,"code":58460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58462,58463,58479,58507,58511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58464,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58466,938],{"class":63},[49,58468,68],{"class":67},[49,58470,71],{"class":63},[49,58472,74],{"class":67},[49,58474,71],{"class":63},[49,58476,79],{"class":67},[49,58478,82],{"class":63},[49,58480,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58482,938],{"class":63},[49,58484,2734],{"class":346},[49,58486,12299],{"class":350},[49,58488,2734],{"class":346},[49,58490,71],{"class":63},[49,58492,2729],{"class":346},[49,58494,35363],{"class":350},[49,58496,2734],{"class":346},[49,58498,71],{"class":63},[49,58500,2729],{"class":346},[49,58502,35372],{"class":350},[49,58504,2734],{"class":346},[49,58506,82],{"class":63},[49,58508,58509],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58510,278],{"class":63},[49,58512,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,58514,938],{"class":63},[49,58516,2734],{"class":346},[49,58518,308],{"class":350},[49,58520,2734],{"class":346},[49,58522,71],{"class":63},[49,58524,2729],{"class":346},[49,58526,360],{"class":350},[49,58528,2734],{"class":346},[49,58530,71],{"class":63},[49,58532,2729],{"class":346},[49,58534,369],{"class":350},[49,58536,2734],{"class":346},[49,58538,82],{"class":63},[20,58540,58541,58542,58544,58545,58547,58548,91],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58543,151],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58546,24203],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58549,35620],{},[35,58551,14584],{"id":14583},[137,58553,58554,58557,58560,58563,58568],{},[140,58555,58556],{},"What a list is in Python",[140,58558,58559],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[140,58561,58562],{},"How to create an empty list",[140,58564,58565,58566,1735],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58567,24203],{},[140,58569,58570],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[35,58572,58574],{"id":58573},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58576,58577],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58579,58580],{},"This means:",[137,58582,58583,58586,58589,58592],{},[140,58584,58585],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[140,58587,58588],{},"The order of items is kept",[140,58590,58591],{},"A list can hold different data types",[140,58593,58594,58595,58598],{},"A list is ",[30,58596,58597],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58600,761],{},[40,58602,58604],{"className":42,"code":58603,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58605,58606,58630,58634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58607,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58609,56],{"class":55},[49,58611,60],{"class":59},[49,58613,64],{"class":63},[49,58615,347],{"class":346},[49,58617,3510],{"class":350},[49,58619,347],{"class":346},[49,58621,71],{"class":63},[49,58623,5437],{"class":67},[49,58625,71],{"class":63},[49,58627,3346],{"class":3281},[49,58629,82],{"class":63},[49,58631,58632],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58633,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,58635,58636,58638,58640,58642],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58637,105],{"class":104},[49,58639,108],{"class":63},[49,58641,88],{"class":94},[49,58643,272],{"class":63},[20,58645,58646],{},[30,58647,275],{},[40,58649,58651],{"className":42,"code":58650,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58652,58653],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58654,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58656,938],{"class":63},[49,58658,2734],{"class":346},[49,58660,3510],{"class":350},[49,58662,2734],{"class":346},[49,58664,71],{"class":63},[49,58666,5437],{"class":67},[49,58668,71],{"class":63},[49,58670,3346],{"class":3281},[49,58672,82],{"class":63},[20,58674,58675,58676,2310,58679,91],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[308,58677,58678],{"href":50404},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[308,58680,58681],{"href":57776},"What is a List in Python?",[35,58683,58685],{"id":58684},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58687,58541,58688,58690],{},[15,58689,151],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58692,58693],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[40,58695,58697],{"className":42,"code":58696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58698,58699,58719,58751,58776,58780,58790,58800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58700,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58702,214],{"class":55},[49,58704,60],{"class":59},[49,58706,64],{"class":63},[49,58708,68],{"class":67},[49,58710,71],{"class":63},[49,58712,74],{"class":67},[49,58714,71],{"class":63},[49,58716,79],{"class":67},[49,58718,82],{"class":63},[49,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58722,4425],{"class":55},[49,58724,60],{"class":59},[49,58726,64],{"class":63},[49,58728,347],{"class":346},[49,58730,12299],{"class":350},[49,58732,347],{"class":346},[49,58734,71],{"class":63},[49,58736,357],{"class":346},[49,58738,35363],{"class":350},[49,58740,347],{"class":346},[49,58742,71],{"class":63},[49,58744,357],{"class":346},[49,58746,35372],{"class":350},[49,58748,347],{"class":346},[49,58750,82],{"class":63},[49,58752,58753,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58754,58755],{"class":55},"mixed ",[49,58757,60],{"class":59},[49,58759,64],{"class":63},[49,58761,221],{"class":67},[49,58763,71],{"class":63},[49,58765,357],{"class":346},[49,58767,1121],{"class":350},[49,58769,347],{"class":346},[49,58771,71],{"class":63},[49,58773,3337],{"class":3281},[49,58775,82],{"class":63},[49,58777,58778],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,58779,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,58783,105],{"class":104},[49,58785,108],{"class":63},[49,58787,249],{"class":94},[49,58789,272],{"class":63},[49,58791,58792,58794,58796,58798],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,58793,105],{"class":104},[49,58795,108],{"class":63},[49,58797,4469],{"class":94},[49,58799,272],{"class":63},[49,58801,58802,58804,58806,58809],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,58803,105],{"class":104},[49,58805,108],{"class":63},[49,58807,58808],{"class":94},"mixed",[49,58810,272],{"class":63},[20,58812,58813],{},[30,58814,275],{},[40,58816,58818],{"className":42,"code":58817,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58819,58820,58836,58864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58821,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58823,938],{"class":63},[49,58825,68],{"class":67},[49,58827,71],{"class":63},[49,58829,74],{"class":67},[49,58831,71],{"class":63},[49,58833,79],{"class":67},[49,58835,82],{"class":63},[49,58837,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58839,938],{"class":63},[49,58841,2734],{"class":346},[49,58843,12299],{"class":350},[49,58845,2734],{"class":346},[49,58847,71],{"class":63},[49,58849,2729],{"class":346},[49,58851,35363],{"class":350},[49,58853,2734],{"class":346},[49,58855,71],{"class":63},[49,58857,2729],{"class":346},[49,58859,35372],{"class":350},[49,58861,2734],{"class":346},[49,58863,82],{"class":63},[49,58865,58866,58868,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58867,938],{"class":63},[49,58869,221],{"class":67},[49,58871,71],{"class":63},[49,58873,2729],{"class":346},[49,58875,1121],{"class":350},[49,58877,2734],{"class":346},[49,58879,71],{"class":63},[49,58881,3337],{"class":3281},[49,58883,82],{"class":63},[528,58885,58887],{"id":58886},"key-points","Key points",[137,58889,58890,58895,58897],{},[140,58891,120,58892,58894],{},[15,58893,151],{}," to make a new list",[140,58896,14854],{},[140,58898,58899],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[35,58901,58903],{"id":58902},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,58905,58906],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[40,58908,58910],{"className":42,"code":58909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,58911,58912,58920,58924,58934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58913,58914,58916,58918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58915,521],{"class":55},[49,58917,60],{"class":59},[49,58919,526],{"class":63},[49,58921,58922],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58923,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,58925,58926,58928,58930,58932],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58927,105],{"class":104},[49,58929,108],{"class":63},[49,58931,177],{"class":94},[49,58933,272],{"class":63},[49,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,58937,105],{"class":104},[49,58939,108],{"class":63},[49,58941,10592],{"class":104},[49,58943,108],{"class":63},[49,58945,177],{"class":94},[49,58947,1182],{"class":63},[20,58949,58950],{},[30,58951,275],{},[40,58953,58955],{"className":42,"code":58954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[]\n0\n",[15,58956,58957,58961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58958,58959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58960,278],{"class":63},[49,58962,58963],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58964,46676],{"class":67},[20,58966,58967],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[40,58969,58971],{"className":42,"code":58970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,58972,58973,58981,58985,59003,59021,59039,59043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58974,58975,58977,58979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58976,4425],{"class":55},[49,58978,60],{"class":59},[49,58980,526],{"class":63},[49,58982,58983],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,58984,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,58986,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,58988,4469],{"class":55},[49,58990,91],{"class":63},[49,58992,12973],{"class":94},[49,58994,108],{"class":63},[49,58996,347],{"class":346},[49,58998,12299],{"class":350},[49,59000,347],{"class":346},[49,59002,272],{"class":63},[49,59004,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,59006,4469],{"class":55},[49,59008,91],{"class":63},[49,59010,12973],{"class":94},[49,59012,108],{"class":63},[49,59014,347],{"class":346},[49,59016,35363],{"class":350},[49,59018,347],{"class":346},[49,59020,272],{"class":63},[49,59022,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,59024,4469],{"class":55},[49,59026,91],{"class":63},[49,59028,12973],{"class":94},[49,59030,108],{"class":63},[49,59032,347],{"class":346},[49,59034,35372],{"class":350},[49,59036,347],{"class":346},[49,59038,272],{"class":63},[49,59040,59041],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,59042,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,59044,59045,59047,59049,59051],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,59046,105],{"class":104},[49,59048,108],{"class":63},[49,59050,4469],{"class":94},[49,59052,272],{"class":63},[20,59054,59055],{},[30,59056,275],{},[40,59058,59060],{"className":42,"code":59059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59061,59062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59063,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59065,938],{"class":63},[49,59067,2734],{"class":346},[49,59069,12299],{"class":350},[49,59071,2734],{"class":346},[49,59073,71],{"class":63},[49,59075,2729],{"class":346},[49,59077,35363],{"class":350},[49,59079,2734],{"class":346},[49,59081,71],{"class":63},[49,59083,2729],{"class":346},[49,59085,35372],{"class":350},[49,59087,2734],{"class":346},[49,59089,82],{"class":63},[20,59091,59092,59093,91],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[308,59094,59095,736],{"href":56050},[15,59096,52078],{},[35,59098,59100,59101],{"id":59099},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59102,24203],{},[20,59104,120,59105,59107],{},[15,59106,24203],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59109,4889],{},[137,59111,59112,59114,59116,59118],{},[140,59113,4740],{},[140,59115,4734],{},[140,59117,4737],{},[140,59119,59120],{},[15,59121,35620],{},[528,59123,59125],{"id":59124},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[40,59127,59129],{"className":42,"code":59128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59130,59131,59149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59132,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143,59145,59147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59134,35513],{"class":55},[49,59136,60],{"class":59},[49,59138,21982],{"class":1174},[49,59140,108],{"class":63},[49,59142,347],{"class":346},[49,59144,40984],{"class":350},[49,59146,347],{"class":346},[49,59148,272],{"class":63},[49,59150,59151,59153,59155,59157],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59152,105],{"class":104},[49,59154,108],{"class":63},[49,59156,35566],{"class":94},[49,59158,272],{"class":63},[20,59160,59161],{},[30,59162,275],{},[40,59164,59165],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59166,59167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59168,59169,59171,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59170,938],{"class":63},[49,59172,2734],{"class":346},[49,59174,308],{"class":350},[49,59176,2734],{"class":346},[49,59178,71],{"class":63},[49,59180,2729],{"class":346},[49,59182,360],{"class":350},[49,59184,2734],{"class":346},[49,59186,71],{"class":63},[49,59188,2729],{"class":346},[49,59190,369],{"class":350},[49,59192,2734],{"class":346},[49,59194,82],{"class":63},[528,59196,59198],{"id":59197},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[40,59200,59202],{"className":42,"code":59201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59203,59204,59226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59205,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59207,214],{"class":55},[49,59209,60],{"class":59},[49,59211,21982],{"class":1174},[49,59213,4943],{"class":63},[49,59215,68],{"class":67},[49,59217,71],{"class":63},[49,59219,74],{"class":67},[49,59221,71],{"class":63},[49,59223,79],{"class":67},[49,59225,1182],{"class":63},[49,59227,59228,59230,59232,59234],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59229,105],{"class":104},[49,59231,108],{"class":63},[49,59233,249],{"class":94},[49,59235,272],{"class":63},[20,59237,59238],{},[30,59239,275],{},[40,59241,59242],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59243,59244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59245,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59247,938],{"class":63},[49,59249,68],{"class":67},[49,59251,71],{"class":63},[49,59253,74],{"class":67},[49,59255,71],{"class":63},[49,59257,79],{"class":67},[49,59259,82],{"class":63},[528,59261,59263],{"id":59262},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[40,59265,59267],{"className":42,"code":59266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59268,59269,59288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59270,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59282,59284,59286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59272,3252],{"class":55},[49,59274,60],{"class":59},[49,59276,21982],{"class":1174},[49,59278,108],{"class":63},[49,59280,59281],{"class":104},"range",[49,59283,108],{"class":63},[49,59285,1569],{"class":67},[49,59287,1182],{"class":63},[49,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59291,105],{"class":104},[49,59293,108],{"class":63},[49,59295,4790],{"class":94},[49,59297,272],{"class":63},[20,59299,59300],{},[30,59301,275],{},[40,59303,59305],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59306,59307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59308,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59310,938],{"class":63},[49,59312,1552],{"class":67},[49,59314,71],{"class":63},[49,59316,4930],{"class":67},[49,59318,71],{"class":63},[49,59320,74],{"class":67},[49,59322,71],{"class":63},[49,59324,79],{"class":67},[49,59326,71],{"class":63},[49,59328,1888],{"class":67},[49,59330,82],{"class":63},[20,59332,59333,59335,59336,91],{},[15,59334,24203],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[308,59337,59339,59341],{"href":59338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59340,24203],{},": Function Explained",[35,59343,59345],{"id":59344},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59347,59348],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59350,59351],{},"Examples include:",[137,59353,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362],{},[140,59355,4740],{},[140,59357,39848],{},[140,59359,51471],{},[140,59361,40018],{},[140,59363,59364],{},"other lists",[40,59366,59368],{"className":42,"code":59367,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59369,59370,59408,59412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59371,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59373,8597],{"class":55},[49,59375,60],{"class":59},[49,59377,64],{"class":63},[49,59379,347],{"class":346},[49,59381,12299],{"class":350},[49,59383,347],{"class":346},[49,59385,71],{"class":63},[49,59387,8738],{"class":67},[49,59389,71],{"class":63},[49,59391,3346],{"class":3281},[49,59393,71],{"class":63},[49,59395,64],{"class":63},[49,59397,68],{"class":67},[49,59399,71],{"class":63},[49,59401,74],{"class":67},[49,59403,71],{"class":63},[49,59405,79],{"class":67},[49,59407,52666],{"class":63},[49,59409,59410],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59411,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,59413,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,59415,105],{"class":104},[49,59417,108],{"class":63},[49,59419,8636],{"class":94},[49,59421,272],{"class":63},[20,59423,59424],{},[30,59425,275],{},[40,59427,59429],{"className":42,"code":59428,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59430,59431],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59432,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59434,938],{"class":63},[49,59436,2734],{"class":346},[49,59438,12299],{"class":350},[49,59440,2734],{"class":346},[49,59442,71],{"class":63},[49,59444,8738],{"class":67},[49,59446,71],{"class":63},[49,59448,3346],{"class":3281},[49,59450,71],{"class":63},[49,59452,64],{"class":63},[49,59454,68],{"class":67},[49,59456,71],{"class":63},[49,59458,74],{"class":67},[49,59460,71],{"class":63},[49,59462,79],{"class":67},[49,59464,52666],{"class":63},[20,59466,59467,59468,91],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59469,59470],{},"nested list",[20,59472,59473],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[35,59475,863],{"id":862},[20,59477,59478],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[528,59480,59482],{"id":59481},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59484,59485],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[40,59487,59489],{"className":42,"code":59488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59490,59491,59495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59492,59493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59494,3966],{"class":116},[49,59496,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59498,214],{"class":55},[49,59500,60],{"class":59},[49,59502,64],{"class":63},[49,59504,68],{"class":67},[49,59506,74],{"class":67},[49,59508,79],{"class":67},[49,59510,82],{"class":63},[20,59512,956],{},[40,59514,59516],{"className":42,"code":59515,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59517,59518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59519,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59521,214],{"class":55},[49,59523,60],{"class":59},[49,59525,64],{"class":63},[49,59527,68],{"class":67},[49,59529,71],{"class":63},[49,59531,74],{"class":67},[49,59533,71],{"class":63},[49,59535,79],{"class":67},[49,59537,82],{"class":63},[528,59539,1092,59541,871,59543],{"id":59540},"using-instead-of",[15,59542,6800],{},[15,59544,151],{},[20,59546,59547],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[40,59549,59551],{"className":42,"code":59550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59552,59553,59574,59578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59554,59555,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59556,59557],{"class":55},"my_values ",[49,59559,60],{"class":59},[49,59561,8668],{"class":63},[49,59563,68],{"class":67},[49,59565,71],{"class":63},[49,59567,74],{"class":67},[49,59569,71],{"class":63},[49,59571,79],{"class":67},[49,59573,272],{"class":63},[49,59575,59576],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59577,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,59579,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59591],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,59581,105],{"class":104},[49,59583,108],{"class":63},[49,59585,1175],{"class":1174},[49,59587,108],{"class":63},[49,59589,59590],{"class":94},"my_values",[49,59592,1182],{"class":63},[20,59594,59595],{},[30,59596,275],{},[40,59598,59600],{"className":42,"code":59599,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59601,59602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59603,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59605,2723],{"class":59},[49,59607,2726],{"class":1497},[49,59609,2729],{"class":346},[49,59611,48378],{"class":350},[49,59613,2734],{"class":346},[49,59615,2737],{"class":59},[20,59617,59618],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[40,59620,59622],{"className":42,"code":59621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59623,59624,59644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59625,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59627,59557],{"class":55},[49,59629,60],{"class":59},[49,59631,64],{"class":63},[49,59633,68],{"class":67},[49,59635,71],{"class":63},[49,59637,74],{"class":67},[49,59639,71],{"class":63},[49,59641,79],{"class":67},[49,59643,82],{"class":63},[49,59645,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59647,105],{"class":104},[49,59649,108],{"class":63},[49,59651,1175],{"class":1174},[49,59653,108],{"class":63},[49,59655,59590],{"class":94},[49,59657,1182],{"class":63},[528,59659,1011,59661,59664],{"id":59660},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59662,59663],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59666,59667,59669],{},[15,59668,24203],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[40,59671,59673],{"className":42,"code":59672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59674,59675,59694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59676,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59690,59692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59678,382],{"class":55},[49,59680,60],{"class":59},[49,59682,21982],{"class":1174},[49,59684,108],{"class":63},[49,59686,347],{"class":346},[49,59688,59689],{"class":350},"hello world",[49,59691,347],{"class":346},[49,59693,272],{"class":63},[49,59695,59696,59698,59700,59702],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59697,105],{"class":104},[49,59699,108],{"class":63},[49,59701,420],{"class":94},[49,59703,272],{"class":63},[20,59705,59706],{},[30,59707,275],{},[40,59709,59711],{"className":42,"code":59710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59712,59713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59714,59715,59717,59719,59722,59724,59726,59728,59731,59733,59735,59737,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59716,938],{"class":63},[49,59718,2734],{"class":346},[49,59720,59721],{"class":350},"h",[49,59723,2734],{"class":346},[49,59725,71],{"class":63},[49,59727,2729],{"class":346},[49,59729,59730],{"class":350},"e",[49,59732,2734],{"class":346},[49,59734,71],{"class":63},[49,59736,2729],{"class":346},[49,59738,59739],{"class":350},"l",[49,59741,2734],{"class":346},[49,59743,71],{"class":63},[49,59745,2729],{"class":346},[49,59747,59739],{"class":350},[49,59749,2734],{"class":346},[49,59751,71],{"class":63},[49,59753,2729],{"class":346},[49,59755,59756],{"class":350},"o",[49,59758,2734],{"class":346},[49,59760,71],{"class":63},[49,59762,2729],{"class":346},[49,59764,2729],{"class":346},[49,59766,71],{"class":63},[49,59768,2729],{"class":346},[49,59770,59771],{"class":350},"w",[49,59773,2734],{"class":346},[49,59775,71],{"class":63},[49,59777,2729],{"class":346},[49,59779,59756],{"class":350},[49,59781,2734],{"class":346},[49,59783,71],{"class":63},[49,59785,2729],{"class":346},[49,59787,59788],{"class":350},"r",[49,59790,2734],{"class":346},[49,59792,71],{"class":63},[49,59794,2729],{"class":346},[49,59796,59739],{"class":350},[49,59798,2734],{"class":346},[49,59800,71],{"class":63},[49,59802,2729],{"class":346},[49,59804,18190],{"class":350},[49,59806,2734],{"class":346},[49,59808,82],{"class":63},[20,59810,59811,59812,59815],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59813,59814],{},"split()"," instead:",[40,59817,59819],{"className":42,"code":59818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59820,59821,59839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59822,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59824,3501],{"class":55},[49,59826,60],{"class":59},[49,59828,357],{"class":346},[49,59830,59689],{"class":350},[49,59832,347],{"class":346},[49,59834,91],{"class":63},[49,59836,33891],{"class":94},[49,59838,98],{"class":63},[49,59840,59841,59843,59845,59847],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59842,105],{"class":104},[49,59844,108],{"class":63},[49,59846,3545],{"class":94},[49,59848,272],{"class":63},[20,59850,59851],{},[30,59852,275],{},[40,59854,59856],{"className":42,"code":59855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59857,59858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59859,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59875,59877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59861,938],{"class":63},[49,59863,2734],{"class":346},[49,59865,1121],{"class":350},[49,59867,2734],{"class":346},[49,59869,71],{"class":63},[49,59871,2729],{"class":346},[49,59873,59874],{"class":350},"world",[49,59876,2734],{"class":346},[49,59878,82],{"class":63},[528,59880,59882],{"id":59881},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59884,59885],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[40,59887,59889],{"className":42,"code":59888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59890,59891,59895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59892,59893],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59894,3966],{"class":116},[49,59896,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59916,59918,59920,59922],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,59898,4425],{"class":55},[49,59900,60],{"class":59},[49,59902,64],{"class":63},[49,59904,347],{"class":346},[49,59906,12299],{"class":350},[49,59908,347],{"class":346},[49,59910,71],{"class":63},[49,59912,357],{"class":346},[49,59914,59915],{"class":350},"Ben', ",[49,59917,347],{"class":346},[49,59919,35372],{"class":55},[49,59921,347],{"class":346},[49,59923,82],{"class":350},[20,59925,59926],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[40,59928,59930],{"className":42,"code":59929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59931,59932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59933,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59935,4425],{"class":55},[49,59937,60],{"class":59},[49,59939,64],{"class":63},[49,59941,347],{"class":346},[49,59943,12299],{"class":350},[49,59945,347],{"class":346},[49,59947,71],{"class":63},[49,59949,357],{"class":346},[49,59951,35363],{"class":350},[49,59953,347],{"class":346},[49,59955,71],{"class":63},[49,59957,357],{"class":346},[49,59959,35372],{"class":350},[49,59961,347],{"class":346},[49,59963,82],{"class":63},[528,59965,59967],{"id":59966},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,59969,59970],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[137,59972,59973,59976,59979,59984],{},[140,59974,59975],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[140,59977,59978],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[140,59980,59981,59982],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,59983,24203],{},[140,59985,1011,59986,59989],{},[15,59987,59988],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[528,59991,59993],{"id":59992},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[40,59995,59997],{"className":42,"code":59996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,59998,59999,60009,60023,60037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60000,60001,60003,60005,60007],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60002,105],{"class":104},[49,60004,108],{"class":63},[49,60006,177],{"class":94},[49,60008,272],{"class":63},[49,60010,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60012,105],{"class":104},[49,60014,108],{"class":63},[49,60016,1175],{"class":1174},[49,60018,108],{"class":63},[49,60020,177],{"class":94},[49,60022,1182],{"class":63},[49,60024,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60026,105],{"class":104},[49,60028,108],{"class":63},[49,60030,10592],{"class":104},[49,60032,108],{"class":63},[49,60034,177],{"class":94},[49,60036,1182],{"class":63},[49,60038,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60040,105],{"class":104},[49,60042,108],{"class":63},[49,60044,7526],{"class":1174},[49,60046,108],{"class":63},[49,60048,59281],{"class":104},[49,60050,108],{"class":63},[49,60052,1569],{"class":67},[49,60054,2344],{"class":63},[20,60056,25431],{},[137,60058,60059,60062,60065,60068],{},[140,60060,60061],{},"what the list contains",[140,60063,60064],{},"whether the value is really a list",[140,60066,60067],{},"how many items it has",[140,60069,25442,60070,60072,60073],{},[15,60071,24203],{}," does with ",[15,60074,35620],{},[35,60076,60078],{"id":60077},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60080,60081],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60083,60084],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[137,60086,60087,60102,60107],{},[140,60088,120,60089,1622,60093,16495,60097,60101],{},[308,60090,60091],{"href":56050},[15,60092,52078],{},[308,60094,60095],{"href":52768},[15,60096,52870],{},[308,60098,60099],{"href":53332},[15,60100,53692],{}," to add items later",[140,60103,120,60104,60106],{},[308,60105,58678],{"href":50404}," for a broader introduction",[140,60108,120,60109,60113],{},[308,60110,60111,59341],{"href":59338},[15,60112,24203],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[35,60115,1253],{"id":1252},[528,60117,60119],{"id":60118},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60121,60122],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[40,60124,60125],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60126,60127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60128,60129],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60130,278],{"class":63},[528,60132,60134],{"id":60133},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60136,60137],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[40,60139,60140],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60141,60142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60145,938],{"class":63},[49,60147,68],{"class":67},[49,60149,71],{"class":63},[49,60151,74],{"class":67},[49,60153,71],{"class":63},[49,60155,79],{"class":67},[49,60157,82],{"class":63},[528,60159,4573,60161,60163],{"id":60160},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60162,24203],{}," do in Python?",[20,60165,60166,60167,60169],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60168,35620],{},", into a list.",[528,60171,60173],{"id":60172},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60175,60176],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[528,60178,1279,60180,618,60182,1284],{"id":60179},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60181,151],{},[15,60183,6800],{},[20,60185,60186,60188,60189,60191],{},[15,60187,151],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60190,6800],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[35,60193,1309],{"id":1308},[137,60195,60196,60200,60206,60212,60218,60224,60228],{},[140,60197,60198],{},[308,60199,58678],{"href":50404},[140,60201,60202],{},[308,60203,1325,60204,18],{"href":56050},[15,60205,52078],{},[140,60207,60208],{},[308,60209,1325,60210,18],{"href":52768},[15,60211,52870],{},[140,60213,60214],{},[308,60215,1325,60216,18],{"href":53332},[15,60217,53692],{},[140,60219,60220],{},[308,60221,3010,60222,3014],{"href":59338},[15,60223,24203],{},[140,60225,60226],{},[308,60227,58681],{"href":57776},[140,60229,60230],{},[308,60231,60232],{"href":11488},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60234,60235,60236,60238],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60237,52078],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1352,60240,60241],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":60243},[60244,60245,60246,60247,60250,60251,60257,60258,60268,60269,60278],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":58573,"depth":85,"text":58574},{"id":58684,"depth":85,"text":58685,"children":60248},[60249],{"id":58886,"depth":101,"text":58887},{"id":58902,"depth":85,"text":58903},{"id":59099,"depth":85,"text":60252,"children":60253},"Create a list with list()",[60254,60255,60256],{"id":59124,"depth":101,"text":59125},{"id":59197,"depth":101,"text":59198},{"id":59262,"depth":101,"text":59263},{"id":59344,"depth":85,"text":59345},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":60259},[60260,60261,60263,60265,60266,60267],{"id":59481,"depth":101,"text":59482},{"id":59540,"depth":101,"text":60262},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59660,"depth":101,"text":60264},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59881,"depth":101,"text":59882},{"id":59966,"depth":101,"text":59967},{"id":59992,"depth":101,"text":59993},{"id":60077,"depth":85,"text":60078},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":60270},[60271,60272,60273,60275,60276],{"id":60118,"depth":101,"text":60119},{"id":60133,"depth":101,"text":60134},{"id":60160,"depth":101,"text":60274},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60172,"depth":101,"text":60173},{"id":60179,"depth":101,"text":60277},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58315,"description":60279},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60286,"title":60287,"body":60288,"description":62029,"extension":1392,"meta":62030,"navigation":243,"path":62031,"seo":62032,"stem":62033,"__hash__":62034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60289,"toc":61984},[60290,60295,60300,60303,60305,60376,60381,60386,60390,60404,60409,60411,60431,60436,60439,60462,60466,60471,60563,60565,60587,60593,60599,60606,60613,60619,60676,60682,60740,60742,60754,60762,60768,60773,60777,60834,60837,60841,60900,60903,60907,60965,60977,60981,61034,61037,61041,61047,61053,61115,61118,61179,61182,61238,61243,61245,61249,61256,61317,61322,61331,61387,61394,61398,61456,61465,61523,61527,61562,61566,61576,61579,61634,61648,61651,61766,61771,61775,61786,61788,61867,61877,61879,61884,61889,61896,61904,61910,61913,61919,61922,61928,61934,61936,61972,61981],[10,60291,13,60293,18],{"id":60292},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60294,52870],{},[20,60296,60297,60299],{},[15,60298,52771],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60301,60302],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[35,60304,1434],{"id":1433},[40,60306,60308],{"className":42,"code":60307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60309,60310,60326,60343,60347,60362,60372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60313,214],{"class":55},[49,60315,60],{"class":59},[49,60317,64],{"class":63},[49,60319,68],{"class":67},[49,60321,71],{"class":63},[49,60323,74],{"class":67},[49,60325,82],{"class":63},[49,60327,60328,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60329,60330],{"class":55},"more_numbers ",[49,60332,60],{"class":59},[49,60334,64],{"class":63},[49,60336,1494],{"class":67},[49,60338,71],{"class":63},[49,60340,1888],{"class":67},[49,60342,82],{"class":63},[49,60344,60345],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60346,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60348,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60360],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60350,249],{"class":55},[49,60352,91],{"class":63},[49,60354,52900],{"class":94},[49,60356,108],{"class":63},[49,60358,60359],{"class":94},"more_numbers",[49,60361,272],{"class":63},[49,60363,60364,60366,60368,60370],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60365,105],{"class":104},[49,60367,108],{"class":63},[49,60369,249],{"class":94},[49,60371,272],{"class":63},[49,60373,60374],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,60375,52148],{"class":116},[20,60377,120,60378,60380],{},[15,60379,52870],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[35,60382,127,60384,130],{"id":60383},"what-listextend-does",[15,60385,52771],{},[20,60387,60388,135],{},[15,60389,52870],{},[137,60391,60392,60395,60397,60400],{},[140,60393,60394],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[140,60396,145],{},[140,60398,60399],{},"Does not create a new list",[140,60401,10851,60402],{},[15,60403,323],{},[20,60405,60406,60407,53225],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60408,52870],{},[35,60410,164],{"id":163},[40,60412,60414],{"className":42,"code":60413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60415,60416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60417,60418,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60419,60420],{"class":55},"list_name",[49,60422,91],{"class":63},[49,60424,52900],{"class":94},[49,60426,108],{"class":63},[49,60428,3151],{"class":94},[49,60430,272],{"class":63},[20,60432,4884,60433,60435],{},[30,60434,3151],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60437,60438],{},"Common iterables include:",[137,60440,60441,60445,60449,60453,60458],{},[140,60442,60443],{},[15,60444,7526],{},[140,60446,60447],{},[15,60448,48378],{},[140,60450,60451],{},[15,60452,5720],{},[140,60454,60455],{},[15,60456,60457],{},"string",[140,60459,60460],{},[15,60461,59281],{},[35,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60467,60468,60469,135],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60470,52870],{},[40,60472,60474],{"className":42,"code":60473,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60475,60476,60500,60525,60529,60544,60548,60558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60477,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496,60498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60479,35661],{"class":55},[49,60481,60],{"class":59},[49,60483,64],{"class":63},[49,60485,347],{"class":346},[49,60487,3510],{"class":350},[49,60489,347],{"class":346},[49,60491,71],{"class":63},[49,60493,357],{"class":346},[49,60495,3519],{"class":350},[49,60497,347],{"class":346},[49,60499,82],{"class":63},[49,60501,60502,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60503,60504],{"class":55},"more_fruits ",[49,60506,60],{"class":59},[49,60508,64],{"class":63},[49,60510,347],{"class":346},[49,60512,32644],{"class":350},[49,60514,347],{"class":346},[49,60516,71],{"class":63},[49,60518,357],{"class":346},[49,60520,21955],{"class":350},[49,60522,347],{"class":346},[49,60524,82],{"class":63},[49,60526,60527],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60528,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60530,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60542],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60532,35713],{"class":55},[49,60534,91],{"class":63},[49,60536,52900],{"class":94},[49,60538,108],{"class":63},[49,60540,60541],{"class":94},"more_fruits",[49,60543,272],{"class":63},[49,60545,60546],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60547,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60549,60550,60552,60554,60556],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,60551,105],{"class":104},[49,60553,108],{"class":63},[49,60555,35713],{"class":94},[49,60557,272],{"class":63},[49,60559,60560],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,60561,60562],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60564,287],{},[137,60566,60567,60572,60577],{},[140,60568,60569,60571],{},[15,60570,35713],{}," starts with two items",[140,60573,60574,60576],{},[15,60575,60541],{}," has two more items",[140,60578,60579,60581,60582,60584,60585],{},[15,60580,52870],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60583,60541],{}," to ",[15,60586,35713],{},[20,60588,60589,60590,60592],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60591,35713],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60594,306,60595,618,60597,91],{},[308,60596,311],{"href":50404},[308,60598,56436],{"href":56435},[35,60600,60602,10018,60604],{"id":60601},"extend-vs-append",[15,60603,52870],{},[15,60605,52078],{},[20,60607,60608,618,60610,60612],{},[15,60609,52870],{},[15,60611,52078],{}," are often confused.",[528,60614,60616,60618],{"id":60615},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60617,52870],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[40,60620,60622],{"className":42,"code":60621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60623,60624,60640,60658,60662,60672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60625,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60627,214],{"class":55},[49,60629,60],{"class":59},[49,60631,64],{"class":63},[49,60633,68],{"class":67},[49,60635,71],{"class":63},[49,60637,74],{"class":67},[49,60639,82],{"class":63},[49,60641,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60643,249],{"class":55},[49,60645,91],{"class":63},[49,60647,52900],{"class":94},[49,60649,2418],{"class":63},[49,60651,1494],{"class":67},[49,60653,71],{"class":63},[49,60655,1888],{"class":67},[49,60657,3319],{"class":63},[49,60659,60660],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60661,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60663,60664,60666,60668,60670],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60665,105],{"class":104},[49,60667,108],{"class":63},[49,60669,249],{"class":94},[49,60671,272],{"class":63},[49,60673,60674],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60675,52148],{"class":116},[528,60677,60679,60681],{"id":60678},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60680,52078],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[40,60683,60685],{"className":42,"code":60684,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60686,60687,60703,60721,60725,60735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60688,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60690,214],{"class":55},[49,60692,60],{"class":59},[49,60694,64],{"class":63},[49,60696,68],{"class":67},[49,60698,71],{"class":63},[49,60700,74],{"class":67},[49,60702,82],{"class":63},[49,60704,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60706,249],{"class":55},[49,60708,91],{"class":63},[49,60710,12973],{"class":94},[49,60712,2418],{"class":63},[49,60714,1494],{"class":67},[49,60716,71],{"class":63},[49,60718,1888],{"class":67},[49,60720,3319],{"class":63},[49,60722,60723],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60724,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60728,105],{"class":104},[49,60730,108],{"class":63},[49,60732,249],{"class":94},[49,60734,272],{"class":63},[49,60736,60737],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60738,60739],{"class":116},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60741,18117],{},[137,60743,60744,60749],{},[140,60745,60746,60748],{},[15,60747,52870],{}," to combine values",[140,60750,60751,60753],{},[15,60752,52078],{}," to add one item",[20,60755,41517,60756,618,60760,91],{},[308,60757,1325,60758,736],{"href":56050},[15,60759,52078],{},[308,60761,52473],{"href":52472},[35,60763,1092,60765,60767],{"id":60764},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60766,52870],{}," with different iterables",[20,60769,60770,60772],{},[15,60771,52870],{}," works with more than just lists.",[528,60774,60776],{"id":60775},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[40,60778,60780],{"className":42,"code":60779,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60781,60782,60798,60816,60820,60830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60783,60784,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60785,3252],{"class":55},[49,60787,60],{"class":59},[49,60789,64],{"class":63},[49,60791,68],{"class":67},[49,60793,71],{"class":63},[49,60795,74],{"class":67},[49,60797,82],{"class":63},[49,60799,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60801,4790],{"class":55},[49,60803,91],{"class":63},[49,60805,52900],{"class":94},[49,60807,4943],{"class":63},[49,60809,1494],{"class":67},[49,60811,71],{"class":63},[49,60813,1888],{"class":67},[49,60815,1182],{"class":63},[49,60817,60818],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60819,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60821,60822,60824,60826,60828],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60823,105],{"class":104},[49,60825,108],{"class":63},[49,60827,4790],{"class":94},[49,60829,272],{"class":63},[49,60831,60832],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60833,52148],{"class":116},[20,60835,60836],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[528,60838,60840],{"id":60839},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[40,60842,60844],{"className":42,"code":60843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60845,60846,60862,60881,60885,60895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60847,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60849,35513],{"class":55},[49,60851,60],{"class":59},[49,60853,64],{"class":63},[49,60855,347],{"class":346},[49,60857,308],{"class":350},[49,60859,347],{"class":346},[49,60861,82],{"class":63},[49,60863,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60877,60879],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60865,35566],{"class":55},[49,60867,91],{"class":63},[49,60869,52900],{"class":94},[49,60871,108],{"class":63},[49,60873,347],{"class":346},[49,60875,60876],{"class":350},"bc",[49,60878,347],{"class":346},[49,60880,272],{"class":63},[49,60882,60883],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60884,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60886,60887,60889,60891,60893],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60888,105],{"class":104},[49,60890,108],{"class":63},[49,60892,35566],{"class":94},[49,60894,272],{"class":63},[49,60896,60897],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60898,60899],{"class":116},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60901,60902],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[528,60904,60906],{"id":60905},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[40,60908,60910],{"className":42,"code":60909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60911,60912,60924,60946,60950,60960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60913,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60915,214],{"class":55},[49,60917,60],{"class":59},[49,60919,64],{"class":63},[49,60921,1552],{"class":67},[49,60923,82],{"class":63},[49,60925,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,60927,249],{"class":55},[49,60929,91],{"class":63},[49,60931,52900],{"class":94},[49,60933,108],{"class":63},[49,60935,59281],{"class":104},[49,60937,108],{"class":63},[49,60939,68],{"class":67},[49,60941,71],{"class":63},[49,60943,1888],{"class":67},[49,60945,1182],{"class":63},[49,60947,60948],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,60949,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,60951,60952,60954,60956,60958],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,60953,105],{"class":104},[49,60955,108],{"class":63},[49,60957,249],{"class":94},[49,60959,272],{"class":63},[49,60961,60962],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,60963,60964],{"class":116},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,60966,60967,60970,60971,1622,60973,16495,60975,91],{},[15,60968,60969],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,60972,68],{},[15,60974,1488],{},[15,60976,1494],{},[528,60978,60980],{"id":60979},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[40,60982,60984],{"className":42,"code":60983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,60985,60986,61002,61020,61024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60987,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60989,56],{"class":55},[49,60991,60],{"class":59},[49,60993,64],{"class":63},[49,60995,68],{"class":67},[49,60997,71],{"class":63},[49,60999,74],{"class":67},[49,61001,82],{"class":63},[49,61003,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61005,88],{"class":55},[49,61007,91],{"class":63},[49,61009,52900],{"class":94},[49,61011,4962],{"class":63},[49,61013,1494],{"class":67},[49,61015,71],{"class":63},[49,61017,1888],{"class":67},[49,61019,29919],{"class":63},[49,61021,61022],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61023,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61025,61026,61028,61030,61032],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61027,105],{"class":104},[49,61029,108],{"class":63},[49,61031,88],{"class":94},[49,61033,272],{"class":63},[20,61035,61036],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[35,61038,61040],{"id":61039},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61042,61043,320,61045,91],{},[15,61044,52870],{},[15,61046,323],{},[20,61048,61049,61050,135],{},"That means this is ",[30,61051,61052],{},"wrong",[40,61054,61056],{"className":42,"code":61055,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61057,61058,61074,61096,61100,61110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61059,61060,61062,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61061,214],{"class":55},[49,61063,60],{"class":59},[49,61065,64],{"class":63},[49,61067,68],{"class":67},[49,61069,71],{"class":63},[49,61071,74],{"class":67},[49,61073,82],{"class":63},[49,61075,61076,61078,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61077,382],{"class":55},[49,61079,60],{"class":59},[49,61081,3695],{"class":55},[49,61083,91],{"class":63},[49,61085,52900],{"class":94},[49,61087,2418],{"class":63},[49,61089,1494],{"class":67},[49,61091,71],{"class":63},[49,61093,1888],{"class":67},[49,61095,3319],{"class":63},[49,61097,61098],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61099,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61103,105],{"class":104},[49,61105,108],{"class":63},[49,61107,420],{"class":94},[49,61109,272],{"class":63},[49,61111,61112],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61113,61114],{"class":116},"# None\n",[20,61116,61117],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[40,61119,61121],{"className":42,"code":61120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61122,61123,61139,61161,61165,61175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61124,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61126,214],{"class":55},[49,61128,60],{"class":59},[49,61130,64],{"class":63},[49,61132,68],{"class":67},[49,61134,71],{"class":63},[49,61136,74],{"class":67},[49,61138,82],{"class":63},[49,61140,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61142,214],{"class":55},[49,61144,60],{"class":59},[49,61146,3695],{"class":55},[49,61148,91],{"class":63},[49,61150,52900],{"class":94},[49,61152,2418],{"class":63},[49,61154,1494],{"class":67},[49,61156,71],{"class":63},[49,61158,1888],{"class":67},[49,61160,3319],{"class":63},[49,61162,61163],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61164,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61166,61167,61169,61171,61173],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61168,105],{"class":104},[49,61170,108],{"class":63},[49,61172,249],{"class":94},[49,61174,272],{"class":63},[49,61176,61177],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61178,61114],{"class":116},[20,61180,61181],{},"The correct way is:",[40,61183,61184],{"className":42,"code":60621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61185,61186,61202,61220,61224,61234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61187,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198,61200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61189,214],{"class":55},[49,61191,60],{"class":59},[49,61193,64],{"class":63},[49,61195,68],{"class":67},[49,61197,71],{"class":63},[49,61199,74],{"class":67},[49,61201,82],{"class":63},[49,61203,61204,61206,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61205,249],{"class":55},[49,61207,91],{"class":63},[49,61209,52900],{"class":94},[49,61211,2418],{"class":63},[49,61213,1494],{"class":67},[49,61215,71],{"class":63},[49,61217,1888],{"class":67},[49,61219,3319],{"class":63},[49,61221,61222],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61223,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61225,61226,61228,61230,61232],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61227,105],{"class":104},[49,61229,108],{"class":63},[49,61231,249],{"class":94},[49,61233,272],{"class":63},[49,61235,61236],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61237,52148],{"class":116},[20,61239,55190,61240,61242],{},[15,61241,52870],{}," first, then use the original list.",[35,61244,863],{"id":862},[20,61246,14154,61247,91],{},[15,61248,52870],{},[528,61250,61252,61253,61255],{"id":61251},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61254,52870],{}," to return a new list",[40,61257,61259],{"className":42,"code":61258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61260,61261,61277,61299,61303,61313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61262,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61264,214],{"class":55},[49,61266,60],{"class":59},[49,61268,64],{"class":63},[49,61270,68],{"class":67},[49,61272,71],{"class":63},[49,61274,74],{"class":67},[49,61276,82],{"class":63},[49,61278,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61280,54923],{"class":55},[49,61282,60],{"class":59},[49,61284,3695],{"class":55},[49,61286,91],{"class":63},[49,61288,52900],{"class":94},[49,61290,2418],{"class":63},[49,61292,1494],{"class":67},[49,61294,71],{"class":63},[49,61296,1888],{"class":67},[49,61298,3319],{"class":63},[49,61300,61301],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61302,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61304,61305,61307,61309,61311],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61306,105],{"class":104},[49,61308,108],{"class":63},[49,61310,54942],{"class":94},[49,61312,272],{"class":63},[49,61314,61315],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61316,61114],{"class":116},[20,61318,61319,61320,91],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61321,52870],{},[528,61323,61325,61326,44053,61328,61330],{"id":61324},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61327,52078],{},[15,61329,52870],{}," is needed",[40,61332,61333],{"className":42,"code":60684,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61334,61335,61351,61369,61373,61383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61336,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61338,214],{"class":55},[49,61340,60],{"class":59},[49,61342,64],{"class":63},[49,61344,68],{"class":67},[49,61346,71],{"class":63},[49,61348,74],{"class":67},[49,61350,82],{"class":63},[49,61352,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61354,249],{"class":55},[49,61356,91],{"class":63},[49,61358,12973],{"class":94},[49,61360,2418],{"class":63},[49,61362,1494],{"class":67},[49,61364,71],{"class":63},[49,61366,1888],{"class":67},[49,61368,3319],{"class":63},[49,61370,61371],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61372,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61374,61375,61377,61379,61381],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61376,105],{"class":104},[49,61378,108],{"class":63},[49,61380,249],{"class":94},[49,61382,272],{"class":63},[49,61384,61385],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61386,60739],{"class":116},[20,61388,61389,61390,53315,61392,6064],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61391,53314],{},[15,61393,52870],{},[528,61395,61397],{"id":61396},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[40,61399,61401],{"className":42,"code":61400,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61402,61403,61419,61437,61441,61451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61404,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61406,3501],{"class":55},[49,61408,60],{"class":59},[49,61410,64],{"class":63},[49,61412,347],{"class":346},[49,61414,1121],{"class":350},[49,61416,347],{"class":346},[49,61418,82],{"class":63},[49,61420,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61422,3545],{"class":55},[49,61424,91],{"class":63},[49,61426,52900],{"class":94},[49,61428,108],{"class":63},[49,61430,347],{"class":346},[49,61432,59874],{"class":350},[49,61434,347],{"class":346},[49,61436,272],{"class":63},[49,61438,61439],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61440,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61442,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61444,105],{"class":104},[49,61446,108],{"class":63},[49,61448,3545],{"class":94},[49,61450,272],{"class":63},[49,61452,61453],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61454,61455],{"class":116},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61457,61458,61459,61462,61463,135],{},"If you want ",[15,61460,61461],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61464,52078],{},[40,61466,61468],{"className":42,"code":61467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61469,61470,61486,61504,61508,61518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61471,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61473,3501],{"class":55},[49,61475,60],{"class":59},[49,61477,64],{"class":63},[49,61479,347],{"class":346},[49,61481,1121],{"class":350},[49,61483,347],{"class":346},[49,61485,82],{"class":63},[49,61487,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61489,3545],{"class":55},[49,61491,91],{"class":63},[49,61493,12973],{"class":94},[49,61495,108],{"class":63},[49,61497,347],{"class":346},[49,61499,59874],{"class":350},[49,61501,347],{"class":346},[49,61503,272],{"class":63},[49,61505,61506],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61507,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61509,61510,61512,61514,61516],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61511,105],{"class":104},[49,61513,108],{"class":63},[49,61515,3545],{"class":94},[49,61517,272],{"class":63},[49,61519,61520],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61521,61522],{"class":116},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[528,61524,61526],{"id":61525},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[40,61528,61530],{"className":42,"code":61529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61531,61532,61548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61533,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61535,214],{"class":55},[49,61537,60],{"class":59},[49,61539,64],{"class":63},[49,61541,68],{"class":67},[49,61543,71],{"class":63},[49,61545,74],{"class":67},[49,61547,82],{"class":63},[49,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61551,249],{"class":55},[49,61553,91],{"class":63},[49,61555,52900],{"class":94},[49,61557,108],{"class":63},[49,61559,1569],{"class":67},[49,61561,272],{"class":63},[20,61563,39077,61564,5984],{},[15,61565,1569],{},[20,61567,61568,61569,61571,61572,61575],{},"You will get a ",[15,61570,2437],{},". See ",[308,61573,61574],{"href":52025},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61577,61578],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[40,61580,61582],{"className":42,"code":61581,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61583,61584,61594,61608,61620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61585,61586,61588,61590,61592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61587,105],{"class":104},[49,61589,108],{"class":63},[49,61591,177],{"class":94},[49,61593,272],{"class":63},[49,61595,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61597,105],{"class":104},[49,61599,108],{"class":63},[49,61601,1175],{"class":1174},[49,61603,108],{"class":63},[49,61605,4790],{"class":94},[49,61607,1182],{"class":63},[49,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61611,105],{"class":104},[49,61613,108],{"class":63},[49,61615,420],{"class":94},[49,61617,113],{"class":63},[49,61619,272],{"class":55},[49,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61623,31575],{"class":104},[49,61625,108],{"class":63},[49,61627,7526],{"class":1174},[49,61629,91],{"class":63},[49,61631,52900],{"class":915},[49,61633,272],{"class":63},[43003,61635,61636],{},[20,61637,61638,61639,61642,61643,61645,61646,91],{},"Note: ",[15,61640,61641],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61644,113],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61647,32450],{},[20,61649,61650],{},"Correct debugging example:",[40,61652,61654],{"className":42,"code":61653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61655,61656,61672,61688,61692,61706,61710,61718,61728,61742,61752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61657,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668,61670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61659,521],{"class":55},[49,61661,60],{"class":59},[49,61663,64],{"class":63},[49,61665,68],{"class":67},[49,61667,71],{"class":63},[49,61669,74],{"class":67},[49,61671,82],{"class":63},[49,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61675,3252],{"class":55},[49,61677,60],{"class":59},[49,61679,64],{"class":63},[49,61681,1494],{"class":67},[49,61683,71],{"class":63},[49,61685,1888],{"class":67},[49,61687,82],{"class":63},[49,61689,61690],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61691,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61693,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61695,177],{"class":55},[49,61697,91],{"class":63},[49,61699,52900],{"class":94},[49,61701,108],{"class":63},[49,61703,4790],{"class":94},[49,61705,272],{"class":63},[49,61707,61708],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61709,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61711,61712,61714,61716],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,61713,382],{"class":55},[49,61715,60],{"class":59},[49,61717,47952],{"class":3281},[49,61719,61720,61722,61724,61726],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,61721,105],{"class":104},[49,61723,108],{"class":63},[49,61725,177],{"class":94},[49,61727,272],{"class":63},[49,61729,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,61731,105],{"class":104},[49,61733,108],{"class":63},[49,61735,1175],{"class":1174},[49,61737,108],{"class":63},[49,61739,4790],{"class":94},[49,61741,1182],{"class":63},[49,61743,61744,61746,61748,61750],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,61745,105],{"class":104},[49,61747,108],{"class":63},[49,61749,420],{"class":94},[49,61751,272],{"class":63},[49,61753,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,61755,31575],{"class":104},[49,61757,108],{"class":63},[49,61759,7526],{"class":1174},[49,61761,91],{"class":63},[49,61763,52900],{"class":915},[49,61765,272],{"class":63},[35,61767,740,61769],{"id":61768},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61770,52870],{},[20,61772,120,61773,747],{},[15,61774,52870],{},[137,61776,61777,61780,61783],{},[140,61778,61779],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[140,61781,61782],{},"Add multiple values at once",[140,61784,61785],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61787,4904],{},[40,61789,61791],{"className":42,"code":61790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61792,61793,61810,61828,61832,61848,61852,61862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61794,61795,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61796,61797],{"class":55},"all_scores ",[49,61799,60],{"class":59},[49,61801,64],{"class":63},[49,61803,12922],{"class":67},[49,61805,71],{"class":63},[49,61807,12927],{"class":67},[49,61809,82],{"class":63},[49,61811,61812,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61826],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,61813,61814],{"class":55},"new_scores ",[49,61816,60],{"class":59},[49,61818,64],{"class":63},[49,61820,50930],{"class":67},[49,61822,71],{"class":63},[49,61824,61825],{"class":67}," 92",[49,61827,82],{"class":63},[49,61829,61830],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,61831,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61833,61834,61837,61839,61841,61843,61846],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,61835,61836],{"class":55},"all_scores",[49,61838,91],{"class":63},[49,61840,52900],{"class":94},[49,61842,108],{"class":63},[49,61844,61845],{"class":94},"new_scores",[49,61847,272],{"class":63},[49,61849,61850],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,61851,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,61853,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,61855,105],{"class":104},[49,61857,108],{"class":63},[49,61859,61836],{"class":94},[49,61861,272],{"class":63},[49,61863,61864],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,61865,61866],{"class":116},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61868,61869,61870,61872,61873,91],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61871,52078],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[308,61874,1325,61875,736],{"href":53332},[15,61876,53692],{},[35,61878,1253],{"id":1252},[528,61880,1257,61882,1269],{"id":61881},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61883,52771],{},[20,61885,61886,61887,91],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61888,323],{},[528,61890,1279,61892,618,61894,1284],{"id":61891},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61893,52870],{},[15,61895,52078],{},[20,61897,61898,61900,61901,61903],{},[15,61899,52870],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,61902,52078],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[528,61905,1296,61907,61909],{"id":61906},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,61908,52870],{}," with a string?",[20,61911,61912],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[528,61914,1296,61916,61918],{"id":61915},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,61917,52870],{}," with a tuple?",[20,61920,61921],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[528,61923,61925,61926,1284],{"id":61924},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,61927,52870],{},[20,61929,61930,61931,61933],{},"You get a ",[15,61932,2437],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[35,61935,1309],{"id":1308},[137,61937,61938,61944,61948,61952,61956,61962,61966],{},[140,61939,61940],{},[308,61941,1325,61942,736],{"href":56050},[15,61943,52078],{},[140,61945,61946],{},[308,61947,53702],{"href":52472},[140,61949,61950],{},[308,61951,56510],{"href":56435},[140,61953,61954],{},[308,61955,311],{"href":50404},[140,61957,61958],{},[308,61959,1325,61960,736],{"href":53332},[15,61961,53692],{},[140,61963,61964],{},[308,61965,61574],{"href":52025},[140,61967,61968],{},[308,61969,1325,61970,736],{"href":731},[15,61971,735],{},[20,61973,61974,61975,61977,61978,61980],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,61976,52078],{},", when to use ",[15,61979,53692],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1352,61982,61983],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":61985},[61986,61987,61989,61990,61991,61998,62005,62006,62014,62016,62028],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":60383,"depth":85,"text":61988},"What list.extend() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":60464,"depth":85,"text":60465},{"id":60601,"depth":85,"text":61992,"children":61993},"extend() vs append()",[61994,61996],{"id":60615,"depth":101,"text":61995},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60678,"depth":101,"text":61997},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60764,"depth":85,"text":61999,"children":62000},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62001,62002,62003,62004],{"id":60775,"depth":101,"text":60776},{"id":60839,"depth":101,"text":60840},{"id":60905,"depth":101,"text":60906},{"id":60979,"depth":101,"text":60980},{"id":61039,"depth":85,"text":61040},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":62007},[62008,62010,62012,62013],{"id":61251,"depth":101,"text":62009},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61324,"depth":101,"text":62011},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61396,"depth":101,"text":61397},{"id":61525,"depth":101,"text":61526},{"id":61768,"depth":85,"text":62015},"When to use extend()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":62017},[62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"id":61881,"depth":101,"text":62019},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61891,"depth":101,"text":62021},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61906,"depth":101,"text":62023},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":61915,"depth":101,"text":62025},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":61924,"depth":101,"text":62027},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60287,"description":62029},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62036,"title":62037,"body":62038,"description":64129,"extension":1392,"meta":64130,"navigation":243,"path":64131,"seo":64132,"stem":64133,"__hash__":64134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62039,"toc":64092},[62040,62043,62048,62054,62065,62071,62073,62142,62144,62193,62201,62205,62210,62213,62224,62229,62231,62233,62254,62267,62270,62283,62285,62290,62315,62317,62325,62328,62397,62399,62423,62429,62433,62437,62473,62475,62495,62502,62506,62539,62541,62575,62580,62584,62617,62619,62647,62655,62659,62696,62698,62719,62722,62726,62795,62797,62821,62827,62834,62838,62841,62843,62857,62860,62884,62886,62911,62914,62933,62935,62961,62970,62974,62981,63058,63060,63101,63107,63113,63204,63206,63262,63265,63270,63274,63279,63283,63342,63344,63369,63373,63436,63438,63463,63467,63530,63532,63575,63578,63582,63586,63608,63612,63694,63696,63731,63739,63741,63745,63749,63751,63778,63783,63785,63812,63819,63822,63845,63847,63896,63899,63902,63921,63925,63928,63979,63982,63988,63992,63997,64000,64002,64008,64017,64021,64027,64031,64034,64038,64041,64045,64051,64053,64089],[10,62041,62037],{"id":62042},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62044,8554,62045,62047],{},[15,62046,24203],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62049,62050,62051,62053],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62052,24203],{}," for two main reasons:",[137,62055,62056,62059],{},[140,62057,62058],{},"to make an empty list",[140,62060,62061,62062,62064],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62063,59281],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62066,62067,62068,62070],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62069,24203],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[35,62072,1434],{"id":1433},[40,62074,62076],{"className":42,"code":62075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62077,62078,62100,62118,62122,62132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62079,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62081,214],{"class":55},[49,62083,60],{"class":59},[49,62085,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62087,4943],{"class":63},[49,62089,68],{"class":67},[49,62091,71],{"class":63},[49,62093,74],{"class":67},[49,62095,71],{"class":63},[49,62097,79],{"class":67},[49,62099,1182],{"class":63},[49,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62103,35513],{"class":55},[49,62105,60],{"class":59},[49,62107,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62109,108],{"class":63},[49,62111,347],{"class":346},[49,62113,40984],{"class":350},[49,62115,347],{"class":346},[49,62117,272],{"class":63},[49,62119,62120],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,62121,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,62123,62124,62126,62128,62130],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,62125,105],{"class":104},[49,62127,108],{"class":63},[49,62129,249],{"class":94},[49,62131,272],{"class":63},[49,62133,62134,62136,62138,62140],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,62135,105],{"class":104},[49,62137,108],{"class":63},[49,62139,35566],{"class":94},[49,62141,272],{"class":63},[20,62143,275],{},[40,62145,62147],{"className":42,"code":62146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62148,62149,62165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62150,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159,62161,62163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62152,938],{"class":63},[49,62154,68],{"class":67},[49,62156,71],{"class":63},[49,62158,74],{"class":67},[49,62160,71],{"class":63},[49,62162,79],{"class":67},[49,62164,82],{"class":63},[49,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62168,938],{"class":63},[49,62170,2734],{"class":346},[49,62172,308],{"class":350},[49,62174,2734],{"class":346},[49,62176,71],{"class":63},[49,62178,2729],{"class":346},[49,62180,360],{"class":350},[49,62182,2734],{"class":346},[49,62184,71],{"class":63},[49,62186,2729],{"class":346},[49,62188,369],{"class":350},[49,62190,2734],{"class":346},[49,62192,82],{"class":63},[20,62194,120,62195,62197,62198,62200],{},[15,62196,24203],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62199,59281],{},", set, or dictionary.",[35,62202,62204],{"id":62203},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62206,62207,62209],{},[15,62208,24203],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62211,62212],{},"It can:",[137,62214,62215,62218,62221],{},[140,62216,62217],{},"create a new list object",[140,62219,62220],{},"make an empty list",[140,62222,62223],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62225,62226,62227,91],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[308,62228,311],{"href":50404},[35,62230,164],{"id":163},[20,62232,25910],{},[40,62234,62236],{"className":42,"code":62235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62237,62238,62244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62239,62240,62242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62241,7526],{"class":1174},[49,62243,98],{"class":63},[49,62245,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62247,7526],{"class":1174},[49,62249,108],{"class":63},[49,62251,3151],{"class":94},[49,62253,272],{"class":63},[137,62255,62256,62261],{},[140,62257,62258,62260],{},[15,62259,24203],{}," makes an empty list",[140,62262,62263,62266],{},[15,62264,62265],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62268,62269],{},"Common iterable values include:",[137,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62281],{},[140,62273,4740],{},[140,62275,4734],{},[140,62277,4737],{},[140,62279,62280],{},"ranges",[140,62282,6685],{},[35,62284,58903],{"id":58902},[20,62286,120,62287,62289],{},[15,62288,24203],{}," with no arguments:",[40,62291,62293],{"className":42,"code":62292,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62294,62295,62305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62296,62297,62299,62301,62303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62298,56],{"class":55},[49,62300,60],{"class":59},[49,62302,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62304,98],{"class":63},[49,62306,62307,62309,62311,62313],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62308,105],{"class":104},[49,62310,108],{"class":63},[49,62312,88],{"class":94},[49,62314,272],{"class":63},[20,62316,275],{},[40,62318,62319],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62320,62321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62322,62323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62324,278],{"class":63},[20,62326,62327],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[40,62329,62331],{"className":42,"code":62330,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62332,62333,62343,62347,62365,62383,62387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62336,56],{"class":55},[49,62338,60],{"class":59},[49,62340,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62342,98],{"class":63},[49,62344,62345],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62346,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,62348,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359,62361,62363],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,62350,88],{"class":55},[49,62352,91],{"class":63},[49,62354,12973],{"class":94},[49,62356,108],{"class":63},[49,62358,347],{"class":346},[49,62360,3510],{"class":350},[49,62362,347],{"class":346},[49,62364,272],{"class":63},[49,62366,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,62368,88],{"class":55},[49,62370,91],{"class":63},[49,62372,12973],{"class":94},[49,62374,108],{"class":63},[49,62376,347],{"class":346},[49,62378,3519],{"class":350},[49,62380,347],{"class":346},[49,62382,272],{"class":63},[49,62384,62385],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,62386,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,62388,62389,62391,62393,62395],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,62390,105],{"class":104},[49,62392,108],{"class":63},[49,62394,88],{"class":94},[49,62396,272],{"class":63},[20,62398,275],{},[40,62400,62401],{"className":42,"code":37846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62402,62403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62404,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62406,938],{"class":63},[49,62408,2734],{"class":346},[49,62410,3510],{"class":350},[49,62412,2734],{"class":346},[49,62414,71],{"class":63},[49,62416,2729],{"class":346},[49,62418,3519],{"class":350},[49,62420,2734],{"class":346},[49,62422,82],{"class":63},[20,62424,62425,62426,62428],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62427,151],{},". Both are valid.",[35,62430,62432],{"id":62431},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[528,62434,62436],{"id":62435},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[40,62438,62439],{"className":42,"code":59201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62440,62441,62463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62442,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62444,214],{"class":55},[49,62446,60],{"class":59},[49,62448,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62450,4943],{"class":63},[49,62452,68],{"class":67},[49,62454,71],{"class":63},[49,62456,74],{"class":67},[49,62458,71],{"class":63},[49,62460,79],{"class":67},[49,62462,1182],{"class":63},[49,62464,62465,62467,62469,62471],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62466,105],{"class":104},[49,62468,108],{"class":63},[49,62470,249],{"class":94},[49,62472,272],{"class":63},[20,62474,275],{},[40,62476,62477],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62478,62479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62482,938],{"class":63},[49,62484,68],{"class":67},[49,62486,71],{"class":63},[49,62488,74],{"class":67},[49,62490,71],{"class":63},[49,62492,79],{"class":67},[49,62494,82],{"class":63},[20,62496,62497,62498,91],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[308,62499,62501],{"href":62500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[528,62503,62505],{"id":62504},"string-to-list","String to list",[40,62507,62509],{"className":42,"code":62508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62510,62511,62529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62514,35513],{"class":55},[49,62516,60],{"class":59},[49,62518,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62520,108],{"class":63},[49,62522,347],{"class":346},[49,62524,36470],{"class":350},[49,62526,347],{"class":346},[49,62528,272],{"class":63},[49,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62532,105],{"class":104},[49,62534,108],{"class":63},[49,62536,35566],{"class":94},[49,62538,272],{"class":63},[20,62540,275],{},[40,62542,62544],{"className":42,"code":62543,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62545,62546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62547,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568,62571,62573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62549,938],{"class":63},[49,62551,2734],{"class":346},[49,62553,369],{"class":350},[49,62555,2734],{"class":346},[49,62557,71],{"class":63},[49,62559,2729],{"class":346},[49,62561,308],{"class":350},[49,62563,2734],{"class":346},[49,62565,71],{"class":63},[49,62567,2729],{"class":346},[49,62569,62570],{"class":350},"t",[49,62572,2734],{"class":346},[49,62574,82],{"class":63},[20,62576,62577,62579],{},[15,62578,24203],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[528,62581,62583],{"id":62582},"range-to-list","Range to list",[40,62585,62587],{"className":42,"code":62586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62588,62589,62607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62590,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62592,214],{"class":55},[49,62594,60],{"class":59},[49,62596,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62598,108],{"class":63},[49,62600,59281],{"class":104},[49,62602,108],{"class":63},[49,62604,1569],{"class":67},[49,62606,1182],{"class":63},[49,62608,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62610,105],{"class":104},[49,62612,108],{"class":63},[49,62614,249],{"class":94},[49,62616,272],{"class":63},[20,62618,275],{},[40,62620,62621],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62622,62623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62624,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62626,938],{"class":63},[49,62628,1552],{"class":67},[49,62630,71],{"class":63},[49,62632,4930],{"class":67},[49,62634,71],{"class":63},[49,62636,74],{"class":67},[49,62638,71],{"class":63},[49,62640,79],{"class":67},[49,62642,71],{"class":63},[49,62644,1888],{"class":67},[49,62646,82],{"class":63},[20,62648,62649,62650,62654],{},"This is common when working with ",[308,62651,62652],{"href":35617},[15,62653,35620],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[528,62656,62658],{"id":62657},"set-to-list","Set to list",[40,62660,62662],{"className":42,"code":62661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62663,62664,62686],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62665,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682,62684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62667,3252],{"class":55},[49,62669,60],{"class":59},[49,62671,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62673,4962],{"class":63},[49,62675,221],{"class":67},[49,62677,71],{"class":63},[49,62679,226],{"class":67},[49,62681,71],{"class":63},[49,62683,231],{"class":67},[49,62685,29919],{"class":63},[49,62687,62688,62690,62692,62694],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62689,105],{"class":104},[49,62691,108],{"class":63},[49,62693,4790],{"class":94},[49,62695,272],{"class":63},[20,62697,16381],{},[40,62699,62701],{"className":42,"code":62700,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62702,62703],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62704,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62706,938],{"class":63},[49,62708,221],{"class":67},[49,62710,71],{"class":63},[49,62712,226],{"class":67},[49,62714,71],{"class":63},[49,62716,231],{"class":67},[49,62718,82],{"class":63},[20,62720,62721],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[528,62723,62725],{"id":62724},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[40,62727,62729],{"className":42,"code":62728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62730,62731,62767,62781,62785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62732,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62734,12624],{"class":55},[49,62736,60],{"class":59},[49,62738,9923],{"class":63},[49,62740,347],{"class":346},[49,62742,7103],{"class":350},[49,62744,347],{"class":346},[49,62746,135],{"class":63},[49,62748,357],{"class":346},[49,62750,12299],{"class":350},[49,62752,347],{"class":346},[49,62754,71],{"class":63},[49,62756,357],{"class":346},[49,62758,8731],{"class":350},[49,62760,347],{"class":346},[49,62762,135],{"class":63},[49,62764,8738],{"class":67},[49,62766,8741],{"class":63},[49,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,62770,382],{"class":55},[49,62772,60],{"class":59},[49,62774,21982],{"class":1174},[49,62776,108],{"class":63},[49,62778,16730],{"class":94},[49,62780,272],{"class":63},[49,62782,62783],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,62784,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,62786,62787,62789,62791,62793],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,62788,105],{"class":104},[49,62790,108],{"class":63},[49,62792,420],{"class":94},[49,62794,272],{"class":63},[20,62796,275],{},[40,62798,62799],{"className":42,"code":24903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62800,62801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62802,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62804,938],{"class":63},[49,62806,2734],{"class":346},[49,62808,7103],{"class":350},[49,62810,2734],{"class":346},[49,62812,71],{"class":63},[49,62814,2729],{"class":346},[49,62816,8731],{"class":350},[49,62818,2734],{"class":346},[49,62820,82],{"class":63},[20,62822,62823,62824,62826],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62825,24203],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62828,62829,62830,91],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[308,62831,62833],{"href":62832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[35,62835,62837],{"id":62836},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62839,62840],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62842,60438],{},[137,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855],{},[140,62846,4731],{},[140,62848,4734],{},[140,62850,4740],{},[140,62852,4737],{},[140,62854,62280],{},[140,62856,6685],{},[20,62858,62859],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[40,62861,62863],{"className":42,"code":62862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62864,62865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62866,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62880,62882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62868,105],{"class":104},[49,62870,108],{"class":63},[49,62872,7526],{"class":1174},[49,62874,108],{"class":63},[49,62876,347],{"class":346},[49,62878,62879],{"class":350},"hi",[49,62881,347],{"class":346},[49,62883,1182],{"class":63},[20,62885,275],{},[40,62887,62889],{"className":42,"code":62888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62890,62891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62892,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62894,938],{"class":63},[49,62896,2734],{"class":346},[49,62898,59721],{"class":350},[49,62900,2734],{"class":346},[49,62902,71],{"class":63},[49,62904,2729],{"class":346},[49,62906,35577],{"class":350},[49,62908,2734],{"class":346},[49,62910,82],{"class":63},[20,62912,62913],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[40,62915,62917],{"className":42,"code":62916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(5))\n",[15,62918,62919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62922,105],{"class":104},[49,62924,108],{"class":63},[49,62926,7526],{"class":1174},[49,62928,108],{"class":63},[49,62930,1569],{"class":67},[49,62932,1182],{"class":63},[20,62934,275],{},[40,62936,62938],{"className":42,"code":62937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,62939,62940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62943,2437],{"class":1174},[49,62945,135],{"class":63},[49,62947,2729],{"class":346},[49,62949,1621],{"class":350},[49,62951,2734],{"class":346},[49,62953,24040],{"class":1174},[49,62955,7529],{"class":59},[49,62957,7532],{"class":59},[49,62959,62960],{"class":55}," iterable\n",[20,62962,62963,62964,62966,62967,91],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[308,62965,4567],{"href":5019},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[308,62968,62969],{"href":52025},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[35,62971,62973],{"id":62972},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,62975,62976,62977,62980],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,62978,62979],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[40,62982,62984],{"className":42,"code":62983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,62985,62986,63006,63020,63024,63034,63044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62987,62988,62990,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62989,11509],{"class":55},[49,62991,60],{"class":59},[49,62993,64],{"class":63},[49,62995,68],{"class":67},[49,62997,71],{"class":63},[49,62999,74],{"class":67},[49,63001,71],{"class":63},[49,63003,79],{"class":67},[49,63005,82],{"class":63},[49,63007,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63009,13732],{"class":55},[49,63011,60],{"class":59},[49,63013,21982],{"class":1174},[49,63015,108],{"class":63},[49,63017,11556],{"class":94},[49,63019,272],{"class":63},[49,63021,63022],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,63023,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,63025,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,63027,105],{"class":104},[49,63029,108],{"class":63},[49,63031,11556],{"class":94},[49,63033,272],{"class":63},[49,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,63037,105],{"class":104},[49,63039,108],{"class":63},[49,63041,13751],{"class":94},[49,63043,272],{"class":63},[49,63045,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,63047,105],{"class":104},[49,63049,108],{"class":63},[49,63051,11509],{"class":94},[49,63053,11617],{"class":3306},[49,63055,13805],{"class":94},[49,63057,272],{"class":63},[20,63059,275],{},[40,63061,63063],{"className":42,"code":63062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63064,63065,63081,63097],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63066,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63068,938],{"class":63},[49,63070,68],{"class":67},[49,63072,71],{"class":63},[49,63074,74],{"class":67},[49,63076,71],{"class":63},[49,63078,79],{"class":67},[49,63080,82],{"class":63},[49,63082,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63084,938],{"class":63},[49,63086,68],{"class":67},[49,63088,71],{"class":63},[49,63090,74],{"class":67},[49,63092,71],{"class":63},[49,63094,79],{"class":67},[49,63096,82],{"class":63},[49,63098,63099],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,63100,3471],{"class":3281},[20,63102,63103,63104,63106],{},"This means ",[15,63105,13751],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63108,63109,63110,63112],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63111,12269],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[40,63114,63116],{"className":42,"code":63115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63117,63118,63144,63158,63162,63180,63184,63194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63119,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140,63142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63121,11509],{"class":55},[49,63123,60],{"class":59},[49,63125,55575],{"class":63},[49,63127,68],{"class":67},[49,63129,71],{"class":63},[49,63131,74],{"class":67},[49,63133,17484],{"class":63},[49,63135,64],{"class":63},[49,63137,1494],{"class":67},[49,63139,71],{"class":63},[49,63141,1888],{"class":67},[49,63143,52666],{"class":63},[49,63145,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63147,13732],{"class":55},[49,63149,60],{"class":59},[49,63151,21982],{"class":1174},[49,63153,108],{"class":63},[49,63155,11556],{"class":94},[49,63157,272],{"class":63},[49,63159,63160],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,63161,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,63165,13751],{"class":55},[49,63167,938],{"class":63},[49,63169,1552],{"class":67},[49,63171,12970],{"class":63},[49,63173,12973],{"class":94},[49,63175,108],{"class":63},[49,63177,55628],{"class":67},[49,63179,272],{"class":63},[49,63181,63182],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,63183,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,63185,63186,63188,63190,63192],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,63187,105],{"class":104},[49,63189,108],{"class":63},[49,63191,11556],{"class":94},[49,63193,272],{"class":63},[49,63195,63196,63198,63200,63202],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,63197,105],{"class":104},[49,63199,108],{"class":63},[49,63201,13751],{"class":94},[49,63203,272],{"class":63},[20,63205,275],{},[40,63207,63208],{"className":42,"code":55659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63209,63210,63236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63211,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63213,55666],{"class":63},[49,63215,68],{"class":67},[49,63217,71],{"class":63},[49,63219,74],{"class":67},[49,63221,71],{"class":63},[49,63223,9629],{"class":67},[49,63225,17484],{"class":63},[49,63227,64],{"class":63},[49,63229,1494],{"class":67},[49,63231,71],{"class":63},[49,63233,1888],{"class":67},[49,63235,52666],{"class":63},[49,63237,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63239,55666],{"class":63},[49,63241,68],{"class":67},[49,63243,71],{"class":63},[49,63245,74],{"class":67},[49,63247,71],{"class":63},[49,63249,9629],{"class":67},[49,63251,17484],{"class":63},[49,63253,64],{"class":63},[49,63255,1494],{"class":67},[49,63257,71],{"class":63},[49,63259,1888],{"class":67},[49,63261,52666],{"class":63},[20,63263,63264],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63266,63267,63268,91],{},"For more on this, see ",[308,63269,13211],{"href":13210},[35,63271,63273],{"id":63272},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63275,63276,63277,91],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63278,24203],{},[528,63280,63282],{"id":63281},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[40,63284,63286],{"className":42,"code":63285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63287,63288,63328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63291,12282],{"class":55},[49,63293,60],{"class":59},[49,63295,9923],{"class":63},[49,63297,347],{"class":346},[49,63299,7103],{"class":350},[49,63301,347],{"class":346},[49,63303,135],{"class":63},[49,63305,357],{"class":346},[49,63307,7353],{"class":350},[49,63309,347],{"class":346},[49,63311,71],{"class":63},[49,63313,357],{"class":346},[49,63315,19314],{"class":350},[49,63317,347],{"class":346},[49,63319,135],{"class":63},[49,63321,357],{"class":346},[49,63323,21667],{"class":350},[49,63325,347],{"class":346},[49,63327,8741],{"class":63},[49,63329,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63331,105],{"class":104},[49,63333,108],{"class":63},[49,63335,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63337,108],{"class":63},[49,63339,13046],{"class":94},[49,63341,1182],{"class":63},[20,63343,275],{},[40,63345,63347],{"className":42,"code":63346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63348,63349],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63350,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365,63367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63352,938],{"class":63},[49,63354,2734],{"class":346},[49,63356,7103],{"class":350},[49,63358,2734],{"class":346},[49,63360,71],{"class":63},[49,63362,2729],{"class":346},[49,63364,19314],{"class":350},[49,63366,2734],{"class":346},[49,63368,82],{"class":63},[528,63370,63372],{"id":63371},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[40,63374,63376],{"className":42,"code":63375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63377,63378,63418],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63381,12282],{"class":55},[49,63383,60],{"class":59},[49,63385,9923],{"class":63},[49,63387,347],{"class":346},[49,63389,7103],{"class":350},[49,63391,347],{"class":346},[49,63393,135],{"class":63},[49,63395,357],{"class":346},[49,63397,7353],{"class":350},[49,63399,347],{"class":346},[49,63401,71],{"class":63},[49,63403,357],{"class":346},[49,63405,19314],{"class":350},[49,63407,347],{"class":346},[49,63409,135],{"class":63},[49,63411,357],{"class":346},[49,63413,21667],{"class":350},[49,63415,347],{"class":346},[49,63417,8741],{"class":63},[49,63419,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63421,105],{"class":104},[49,63423,108],{"class":63},[49,63425,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63427,108],{"class":63},[49,63429,13046],{"class":94},[49,63431,91],{"class":63},[49,63433,4790],{"class":94},[49,63435,5723],{"class":63},[20,63437,275],{},[40,63439,63441],{"className":42,"code":63440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63442,63443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63446,938],{"class":63},[49,63448,2734],{"class":346},[49,63450,7353],{"class":350},[49,63452,2734],{"class":346},[49,63454,71],{"class":63},[49,63456,2729],{"class":346},[49,63458,21667],{"class":350},[49,63460,2734],{"class":346},[49,63462,82],{"class":63},[528,63464,63466],{"id":63465},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[40,63468,63470],{"className":42,"code":63469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63471,63472,63512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63475,12282],{"class":55},[49,63477,60],{"class":59},[49,63479,9923],{"class":63},[49,63481,347],{"class":346},[49,63483,7103],{"class":350},[49,63485,347],{"class":346},[49,63487,135],{"class":63},[49,63489,357],{"class":346},[49,63491,7353],{"class":350},[49,63493,347],{"class":346},[49,63495,71],{"class":63},[49,63497,357],{"class":346},[49,63499,19314],{"class":350},[49,63501,347],{"class":346},[49,63503,135],{"class":63},[49,63505,357],{"class":346},[49,63507,21667],{"class":350},[49,63509,347],{"class":346},[49,63511,8741],{"class":63},[49,63513,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63515,105],{"class":104},[49,63517,108],{"class":63},[49,63519,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63521,108],{"class":63},[49,63523,13046],{"class":94},[49,63525,91],{"class":63},[49,63527,88],{"class":94},[49,63529,5723],{"class":63},[20,63531,275],{},[40,63533,63535],{"className":42,"code":63534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63536,63537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63540,21162],{"class":63},[49,63542,2734],{"class":346},[49,63544,7103],{"class":350},[49,63546,2734],{"class":346},[49,63548,71],{"class":63},[49,63550,2729],{"class":346},[49,63552,7353],{"class":350},[49,63554,2734],{"class":346},[49,63556,8665],{"class":63},[49,63558,8668],{"class":63},[49,63560,2734],{"class":346},[49,63562,19314],{"class":350},[49,63564,2734],{"class":346},[49,63566,71],{"class":63},[49,63568,2729],{"class":346},[49,63570,21667],{"class":350},[49,63572,2734],{"class":346},[49,63574,8681],{"class":63},[20,63576,63577],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[35,63579,63581],{"id":63580},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63583,120,63584,10033],{},[15,63585,24203],{},[137,63587,63588,63596,63605],{},[140,63589,63590,63591,2310,63593],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63592,52078],{},[15,63594,63595],{},"sort()",[140,63597,63598,63599,2310,63601,63604],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63600,35620],{},[15,63602,63603],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[140,63606,63607],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63609,45464,63610,135],{},[15,63611,63603],{},[40,63613,63615],{"className":42,"code":63614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63616,63617,63641,63657,63661,63684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63618,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63620,4425],{"class":55},[49,63622,60],{"class":59},[49,63624,64],{"class":63},[49,63626,347],{"class":346},[49,63628,12299],{"class":350},[49,63630,347],{"class":346},[49,63632,71],{"class":63},[49,63634,357],{"class":346},[49,63636,35363],{"class":350},[49,63638,347],{"class":346},[49,63640,82],{"class":63},[49,63642,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63644,4494],{"class":55},[49,63646,60],{"class":59},[49,63648,64],{"class":63},[49,63650,12922],{"class":67},[49,63652,71],{"class":63},[49,63654,12927],{"class":67},[49,63656,82],{"class":63},[49,63658,63659],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,63660,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,63662,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,63664,8647],{"class":55},[49,63666,60],{"class":59},[49,63668,21982],{"class":1174},[49,63670,108],{"class":63},[49,63672,63673],{"class":104},"zip",[49,63675,108],{"class":63},[49,63677,4469],{"class":94},[49,63679,71],{"class":63},[49,63681,4541],{"class":94},[49,63683,1182],{"class":63},[49,63685,63686,63688,63690,63692],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,63687,105],{"class":104},[49,63689,108],{"class":63},[49,63691,8694],{"class":94},[49,63693,272],{"class":63},[20,63695,275],{},[40,63697,63699],{"className":42,"code":63698,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63700,63701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63702,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63704,21162],{"class":63},[49,63706,2734],{"class":346},[49,63708,12299],{"class":350},[49,63710,2734],{"class":346},[49,63712,71],{"class":63},[49,63714,19321],{"class":67},[49,63716,8665],{"class":63},[49,63718,8668],{"class":63},[49,63720,2734],{"class":346},[49,63722,35363],{"class":350},[49,63724,2734],{"class":346},[49,63726,71],{"class":63},[49,63728,12927],{"class":67},[49,63730,8681],{"class":63},[20,63732,63733,63734,63736,63737,91],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63735,52078],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[308,63738,52473],{"href":52472},[35,63740,863],{"id":862},[20,63742,56057,63743,91],{},[15,63744,24203],{},[528,63746,63748],{"id":63747},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63750,3956],{},[40,63752,63754],{"className":42,"code":63753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63755,63756,63760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63757,63758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63759,3966],{"class":116},[49,63761,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63763,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63765,108],{"class":63},[49,63767,68],{"class":67},[49,63769,71],{"class":63},[49,63771,74],{"class":67},[49,63773,71],{"class":63},[49,63775,79],{"class":67},[49,63777,272],{"class":63},[20,63779,63780,63782],{},[15,63781,24203],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63784,18117],{},[40,63786,63788],{"className":42,"code":63787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63789,63790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63791,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63793,105],{"class":104},[49,63795,108],{"class":63},[49,63797,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63799,4943],{"class":63},[49,63801,68],{"class":67},[49,63803,71],{"class":63},[49,63805,74],{"class":67},[49,63807,71],{"class":63},[49,63809,79],{"class":67},[49,63811,2344],{"class":63},[528,63813,63815,63816],{"id":63814},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[49,63817,63818],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63820,63821],{},"This is a common surprise:",[40,63823,63825],{"className":42,"code":63824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63826,63827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63828,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63830,105],{"class":104},[49,63832,108],{"class":63},[49,63834,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63836,108],{"class":63},[49,63838,347],{"class":346},[49,63840,1121],{"class":350},[49,63842,347],{"class":346},[49,63844,1182],{"class":63},[20,63846,275],{},[40,63848,63850],{"className":42,"code":63849,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63851,63852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63853,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63855,938],{"class":63},[49,63857,2734],{"class":346},[49,63859,59721],{"class":350},[49,63861,2734],{"class":346},[49,63863,71],{"class":63},[49,63865,2729],{"class":346},[49,63867,59730],{"class":350},[49,63869,2734],{"class":346},[49,63871,71],{"class":63},[49,63873,2729],{"class":346},[49,63875,59739],{"class":350},[49,63877,2734],{"class":346},[49,63879,71],{"class":63},[49,63881,2729],{"class":346},[49,63883,59739],{"class":350},[49,63885,2734],{"class":346},[49,63887,71],{"class":63},[49,63889,2729],{"class":346},[49,63891,59756],{"class":350},[49,63893,2734],{"class":346},[49,63895,82],{"class":63},[20,63897,63898],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63900,63901],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[40,63903,63905],{"className":42,"code":63904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,63906,63907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63908,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63910,105],{"class":104},[49,63912,2418],{"class":63},[49,63914,347],{"class":346},[49,63916,1121],{"class":350},[49,63918,347],{"class":346},[49,63920,3319],{"class":63},[528,63922,63924],{"id":63923},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,63926,63927],{},"This:",[40,63929,63931],{"className":42,"code":63930,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,63932,63933,63965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63936,8597],{"class":55},[49,63938,60],{"class":59},[49,63940,9923],{"class":63},[49,63942,347],{"class":346},[49,63944,308],{"class":350},[49,63946,347],{"class":346},[49,63948,135],{"class":63},[49,63950,4930],{"class":67},[49,63952,71],{"class":63},[49,63954,357],{"class":346},[49,63956,360],{"class":350},[49,63958,347],{"class":346},[49,63960,135],{"class":63},[49,63962,74],{"class":67},[49,63964,8741],{"class":63},[49,63966,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,63968,105],{"class":104},[49,63970,108],{"class":63},[49,63972,7526],{"class":1174},[49,63974,108],{"class":63},[49,63976,8636],{"class":94},[49,63978,1182],{"class":63},[20,63980,63981],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,63983,120,63984,63987],{},[15,63985,63986],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[528,63989,63991],{"id":63990},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,63993,63994,63996],{},[15,63995,24203],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,63998,63999],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[35,64001,1253],{"id":1252},[528,64003,1279,64005,64007],{"id":64004},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[49,64006],{}," and list()?",[20,64009,64010,64011,64013,64014,64016],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64012,151],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64015,24203],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[528,64018,64020],{"id":64019},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64022,64023,64024,64026],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64025,24203],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[528,64028,64030],{"id":64029},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64032,64033],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[528,64035,64037],{"id":64036},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64039,64040],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[528,64042,64044],{"id":64043},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64046,64047,64048,64050],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64049,24203],{}," cannot loop through it.",[35,64052,1309],{"id":1308},[137,64054,64055,64059,64064,64068,64072,64076,64080,64085],{},[140,64056,64057],{},[308,64058,311],{"href":50404},[140,64060,64061],{},[308,64062,64063],{"href":35617},"Python range() function explained",[140,64065,64066],{},[308,64067,62501],{"href":62500},[140,64069,64070],{},[308,64071,62833],{"href":62832},[140,64073,64074],{},[308,64075,4647],{"href":5019},[140,64077,64078],{},[308,64079,13211],{"href":13210},[140,64081,64082],{},[308,64083,64084],{"href":52025},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[140,64086,64087],{},[308,64088,53702],{"href":52472},[1352,64090,64091],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":64093},[64094,64095,64096,64097,64098,64105,64106,64107,64112,64113,64120,64128],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":62203,"depth":85,"text":62204},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":58902,"depth":85,"text":58903},{"id":62431,"depth":85,"text":62432,"children":64099},[64100,64101,64102,64103,64104],{"id":62435,"depth":101,"text":62436},{"id":62504,"depth":101,"text":62505},{"id":62582,"depth":101,"text":62583},{"id":62657,"depth":101,"text":62658},{"id":62724,"depth":101,"text":62725},{"id":62836,"depth":85,"text":62837},{"id":62972,"depth":85,"text":62973},{"id":63272,"depth":85,"text":63273,"children":64108},[64109,64110,64111],{"id":63281,"depth":101,"text":63282},{"id":63371,"depth":101,"text":63372},{"id":63465,"depth":101,"text":63466},{"id":63580,"depth":85,"text":63581},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":64114},[64115,64116,64118,64119],{"id":63747,"depth":101,"text":63748},{"id":63814,"depth":101,"text":64117},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":63923,"depth":101,"text":63924},{"id":63990,"depth":101,"text":63991},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":64121},[64122,64124,64125,64126,64127],{"id":64004,"depth":101,"text":64123},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64019,"depth":101,"text":64020},{"id":64029,"depth":101,"text":64030},{"id":64036,"depth":101,"text":64037},{"id":64043,"depth":101,"text":64044},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62037,"description":64129},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64136,"title":64137,"body":64138,"description":65489,"extension":1392,"meta":65490,"navigation":243,"path":65491,"seo":65492,"stem":65493,"__hash__":65494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64139,"toc":65463},[64140,64145,64151,64160,64162,64235,64244,64249,64253,64269,64273,64275,64277,64296,64299,64327,64330,64355,64363,64365,64370,64377,64379,64436,64438,64446,64452,64456,64459,64532,64534,64542,64545,64568,64575,64581,64585,64591,64662,64664,64672,64681,64688,64695,64703,64847,64849,64866,64869,64908,64911,64915,64920,64922,64981,64987,64990,65097,65099,65114,65117,65124,65126,65130,65278,65281,65342,65345,65348,65369,65374,65378,65389,65392,65394,65399,65402,65410,65415,65421,65424,65430,65438,65440,65460],[10,64141,13,64143,18],{"id":64142},"python-list-index-method",[15,64144,58250],{},[20,64146,64147,64150],{},[15,64148,64149],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64152,64153,64154,64157,64158,91],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,64155,64156],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64159,40128],{},[35,64161,38],{"id":37},[40,64163,64165],{"className":42,"code":64164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64166,64167,64199,64222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64168,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64170,56],{"class":55},[49,64172,60],{"class":59},[49,64174,64],{"class":63},[49,64176,347],{"class":346},[49,64178,3510],{"class":350},[49,64180,347],{"class":346},[49,64182,71],{"class":63},[49,64184,357],{"class":346},[49,64186,3519],{"class":350},[49,64188,347],{"class":346},[49,64190,71],{"class":63},[49,64192,357],{"class":346},[49,64194,3528],{"class":350},[49,64196,347],{"class":346},[49,64198,82],{"class":63},[49,64200,64201,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64202,64203],{"class":55},"position ",[49,64205,60],{"class":59},[49,64207,387],{"class":55},[49,64209,91],{"class":63},[49,64211,35268],{"class":94},[49,64213,108],{"class":63},[49,64215,347],{"class":346},[49,64217,3519],{"class":350},[49,64219,347],{"class":346},[49,64221,272],{"class":63},[49,64223,64224,64226,64228,64231,64233],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64225,105],{"class":104},[49,64227,108],{"class":63},[49,64229,64230],{"class":94},"position",[49,64232,113],{"class":63},[49,64234,27203],{"class":116},[20,64236,120,64237,64240,64241,64243],{},[15,64238,64239],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64242,40128],{}," if the item is not found.",[35,64245,127,64247,130],{"id":64246},"what-listindex-does",[15,64248,64149],{},[20,64250,64251,135],{},[15,64252,64149],{},[137,64254,64255,64258,64261,64266],{},[140,64256,64257],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[140,64259,64260],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[140,64262,64263,64264],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64265,1552],{},[140,64267,64268],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64270,306,64271,91],{},[308,64272,311],{"href":310},[35,64274,164],{"id":163},[20,64276,30148],{},[40,64278,64280],{"className":42,"code":64279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64281,64282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64283,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64285,177],{"class":55},[49,64287,91],{"class":63},[49,64289,35268],{"class":94},[49,64291,108],{"class":63},[49,64293,1904],{"class":94},[49,64295,272],{"class":63},[20,64297,64298],{},"You can also limit the search:",[40,64300,64302],{"className":42,"code":64301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64303,64304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64305,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64307,177],{"class":55},[49,64309,91],{"class":63},[49,64311,35268],{"class":94},[49,64313,108],{"class":63},[49,64315,1904],{"class":94},[49,64317,71],{"class":63},[49,64319,35474],{"class":94},[49,64321,71],{"class":63},[49,64323,64324],{"class":94}," end",[49,64326,272],{"class":63},[20,64328,64329],{},"Here is what each part means:",[137,64331,64332,64337,64342,64347],{},[140,64333,64334,64336],{},[15,64335,1904],{},": the item to search for",[140,64338,64339,64341],{},[15,64340,35495],{},": where the search begins",[140,64343,64344,64346],{},[15,64345,52086],{},": where the search stops",[140,64348,64349,4214,64351,64354],{},[15,64350,52086],{},[30,64352,64353],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64356,64357,64358,64360,64361,91],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64359,35495],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64362,52086],{},[35,64364,37444],{"id":37443},[20,64366,64367,64369],{},[15,64368,64149],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64371,64372,64373,64376],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,64374,64375],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64378,761],{},[40,64380,64382],{"className":42,"code":64381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64383,64384,64404,64422,64426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64385,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64387,214],{"class":55},[49,64389,60],{"class":59},[49,64391,64],{"class":63},[49,64393,221],{"class":67},[49,64395,71],{"class":63},[49,64397,226],{"class":67},[49,64399,71],{"class":63},[49,64401,231],{"class":67},[49,64403,82],{"class":63},[49,64405,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64407,382],{"class":55},[49,64409,60],{"class":59},[49,64411,3695],{"class":55},[49,64413,91],{"class":63},[49,64415,35268],{"class":94},[49,64417,108],{"class":63},[49,64419,15176],{"class":67},[49,64421,272],{"class":63},[49,64423,64424],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64425,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,64427,64428,64430,64432,64434],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,64429,105],{"class":104},[49,64431,108],{"class":63},[49,64433,420],{"class":94},[49,64435,272],{"class":63},[20,64437,275],{},[40,64439,64440],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64441,64442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64443,64444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64445,46341],{"class":67},[20,64447,64448,64449,64451],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64450,58250],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[35,64453,64455],{"id":64454},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64457,64458],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[40,64460,64462],{"className":42,"code":64461,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64463,64464,64496,64518,64522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64465,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64467,35661],{"class":55},[49,64469,60],{"class":59},[49,64471,64],{"class":63},[49,64473,347],{"class":346},[49,64475,3510],{"class":350},[49,64477,347],{"class":346},[49,64479,71],{"class":63},[49,64481,357],{"class":346},[49,64483,3519],{"class":350},[49,64485,347],{"class":346},[49,64487,71],{"class":63},[49,64489,357],{"class":346},[49,64491,3528],{"class":350},[49,64493,347],{"class":346},[49,64495,82],{"class":63},[49,64497,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64499,64203],{"class":55},[49,64501,60],{"class":59},[49,64503,52275],{"class":55},[49,64505,91],{"class":63},[49,64507,35268],{"class":94},[49,64509,108],{"class":63},[49,64511,347],{"class":346},[49,64513,3528],{"class":350},[49,64515,347],{"class":346},[49,64517,272],{"class":63},[49,64519,64520],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64521,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,64523,64524,64526,64528,64530],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,64525,105],{"class":104},[49,64527,108],{"class":63},[49,64529,64230],{"class":94},[49,64531,272],{"class":63},[20,64533,275],{},[40,64535,64536],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64537,64538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64539,64540],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64541,16479],{"class":67},[20,64543,64544],{},"In this list:",[137,64546,64547,64554,64561],{},[140,64548,64549,64551,64552],{},[15,64550,57115],{}," is at index ",[15,64553,1552],{},[140,64555,64556,64551,64559],{},[15,64557,64558],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64560,68],{},[140,64562,64563,64551,64566],{},[15,64564,64565],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64567,1488],{},[20,64569,53077,64570,320,64573,91],{},[15,64571,64572],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64574,1488],{},[20,64576,50968,64577,91],{},[308,64578,64580],{"href":64579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[35,64582,64584],{"id":64583},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64586,64587,64588,64590],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64589,58250],{}," returns the first match only.",[40,64592,64594],{"className":42,"code":64593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64595,64596,64636,64640],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64597,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64599,12495],{"class":55},[49,64601,60],{"class":59},[49,64603,64],{"class":63},[49,64605,347],{"class":346},[49,64607,12512],{"class":350},[49,64609,347],{"class":346},[49,64611,71],{"class":63},[49,64613,357],{"class":346},[49,64615,12529],{"class":350},[49,64617,347],{"class":346},[49,64619,71],{"class":63},[49,64621,357],{"class":346},[49,64623,12512],{"class":350},[49,64625,347],{"class":346},[49,64627,71],{"class":63},[49,64629,357],{"class":346},[49,64631,16877],{"class":350},[49,64633,347],{"class":346},[49,64635,82],{"class":63},[49,64637,64638],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64639,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,64641,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64643,105],{"class":104},[49,64645,108],{"class":63},[49,64647,16924],{"class":94},[49,64649,91],{"class":63},[49,64651,35268],{"class":94},[49,64653,108],{"class":63},[49,64655,347],{"class":346},[49,64657,12512],{"class":350},[49,64659,347],{"class":346},[49,64661,1182],{"class":63},[20,64663,275],{},[40,64665,64666],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,64667,64668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64669,64670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64671,46676],{"class":67},[20,64673,20399,64674,64677,64678,64680],{},[15,64675,64676],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64679,1552],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64682,64683,64684,91],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[308,64685,1325,64686,736],{"href":58309},[15,64687,56572],{},[35,64689,1092,64691,618,64693],{"id":64690},"using-start-and-end",[15,64692,35495],{},[15,64694,52086],{},[20,64696,64697,64698,618,64700,64702],{},"The optional ",[15,64699,35495],{},[15,64701,52086],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[40,64704,64706],{"className":42,"code":64705,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64707,64708,64756,64760,64785,64814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64709,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64711,35513],{"class":55},[49,64713,60],{"class":59},[49,64715,64],{"class":63},[49,64717,347],{"class":346},[49,64719,308],{"class":350},[49,64721,347],{"class":346},[49,64723,71],{"class":63},[49,64725,357],{"class":346},[49,64727,360],{"class":350},[49,64729,347],{"class":346},[49,64731,71],{"class":63},[49,64733,357],{"class":346},[49,64735,369],{"class":350},[49,64737,347],{"class":346},[49,64739,71],{"class":63},[49,64741,357],{"class":346},[49,64743,360],{"class":350},[49,64745,347],{"class":346},[49,64747,71],{"class":63},[49,64749,357],{"class":346},[49,64751,18190],{"class":350},[49,64753,347],{"class":346},[49,64755,82],{"class":63},[49,64757,64758],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64759,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,64761,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64763,105],{"class":104},[49,64765,108],{"class":63},[49,64767,35566],{"class":94},[49,64769,91],{"class":63},[49,64771,35268],{"class":94},[49,64773,108],{"class":63},[49,64775,347],{"class":346},[49,64777,360],{"class":350},[49,64779,347],{"class":346},[49,64781,4793],{"class":63},[49,64783,64784],{"class":116},"        # first match\n",[49,64786,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,64788,105],{"class":104},[49,64790,108],{"class":63},[49,64792,35566],{"class":94},[49,64794,91],{"class":63},[49,64796,35268],{"class":94},[49,64798,108],{"class":63},[49,64800,347],{"class":346},[49,64802,360],{"class":350},[49,64804,347],{"class":346},[49,64806,71],{"class":63},[49,64808,74],{"class":67},[49,64810,4793],{"class":63},[49,64812,64813],{"class":116},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[49,64815,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,64817,105],{"class":104},[49,64819,108],{"class":63},[49,64821,35566],{"class":94},[49,64823,91],{"class":63},[49,64825,35268],{"class":94},[49,64827,108],{"class":63},[49,64829,347],{"class":346},[49,64831,360],{"class":350},[49,64833,347],{"class":346},[49,64835,71],{"class":63},[49,64837,4930],{"class":67},[49,64839,71],{"class":63},[49,64841,1888],{"class":67},[49,64843,4793],{"class":63},[49,64845,64846],{"class":116},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64848,275],{},[40,64850,64852],{"className":42,"code":64851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64853,64854,64858,64862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64855,64856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64857,46341],{"class":67},[49,64859,64860],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64861,46041],{"class":67},[49,64863,64864],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,64865,46341],{"class":67},[20,64867,64868],{},"How this works:",[137,64870,64871,64883,64896],{},[140,64872,64873,64876,64877,64880,64881],{},[15,64874,64875],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64878,64879],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64882,68],{},[140,64884,64885,64888,64889,64891,64892,64880,64894],{},[15,64886,64887],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64890,1488],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64893,64879],{},[15,64895,1494],{},[140,64897,64898,64901,64902,1622,64904,16495,64906],{},[15,64899,64900],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,64903,68],{},[15,64905,1488],{},[15,64907,1494],{},[20,64909,64910],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[35,64912,64914],{"id":64913},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,64916,64917,64918,91],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64919,40128],{},[20,64921,761],{},[40,64923,64925],{"className":42,"code":64924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,64926,64927,64959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64928,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64930,56],{"class":55},[49,64932,60],{"class":59},[49,64934,64],{"class":63},[49,64936,347],{"class":346},[49,64938,3510],{"class":350},[49,64940,347],{"class":346},[49,64942,71],{"class":63},[49,64944,357],{"class":346},[49,64946,3519],{"class":350},[49,64948,347],{"class":346},[49,64950,71],{"class":63},[49,64952,357],{"class":346},[49,64954,3528],{"class":350},[49,64956,347],{"class":346},[49,64958,82],{"class":63},[49,64960,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,64962,105],{"class":104},[49,64964,108],{"class":63},[49,64966,88],{"class":94},[49,64968,91],{"class":63},[49,64970,35268],{"class":94},[49,64972,108],{"class":63},[49,64974,347],{"class":346},[49,64976,32644],{"class":350},[49,64978,347],{"class":346},[49,64980,1182],{"class":63},[20,64982,39077,64983,64986],{},[15,64984,64985],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,64988,64989],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[40,64991,64993],{"className":42,"code":64992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,64994,64995,65027,65040,65044,65057,65076,65082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64996,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64998,56],{"class":55},[49,65000,60],{"class":59},[49,65002,64],{"class":63},[49,65004,347],{"class":346},[49,65006,3510],{"class":350},[49,65008,347],{"class":346},[49,65010,71],{"class":63},[49,65012,357],{"class":346},[49,65014,3519],{"class":350},[49,65016,347],{"class":346},[49,65018,71],{"class":63},[49,65020,357],{"class":346},[49,65022,3528],{"class":350},[49,65024,347],{"class":346},[49,65026,82],{"class":63},[49,65028,65029,65032,65034,65036,65038],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65030,65031],{"class":55},"search_value ",[49,65033,60],{"class":59},[49,65035,357],{"class":346},[49,65037,32644],{"class":350},[49,65039,1124],{"class":346},[49,65041,65042],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,65043,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,65045,65046,65048,65051,65053,65055],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,65047,6431],{"class":3306},[49,65049,65050],{"class":55}," search_value ",[49,65052,3313],{"class":59},[49,65054,387],{"class":55},[49,65056,5826],{"class":63},[49,65058,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65074],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,65060,7501],{"class":104},[49,65062,108],{"class":63},[49,65064,88],{"class":94},[49,65066,91],{"class":63},[49,65068,35268],{"class":94},[49,65070,108],{"class":63},[49,65072,65073],{"class":94},"search_value",[49,65075,1182],{"class":63},[49,65077,65078,65080],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,65079,26857],{"class":3306},[49,65081,5826],{"class":63},[49,65083,65084,65086,65088,65090,65093,65095],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,65085,7501],{"class":104},[49,65087,108],{"class":63},[49,65089,347],{"class":346},[49,65091,65092],{"class":350},"Item not found",[49,65094,347],{"class":346},[49,65096,272],{"class":63},[20,65098,275],{},[40,65100,65102],{"className":42,"code":65101,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Item not found\n",[15,65103,65104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65105,65106,65109,65111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65107,65108],{"class":55},"Item ",[49,65110,329],{"class":59},[49,65112,65113],{"class":55}," found\n",[20,65115,65116],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65118,65119,65120,91],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[308,65121,65123],{"href":65122},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[35,65125,863],{"id":862},[20,65127,20633,65128,135],{},[15,65129,64149],{},[137,65131,65132,65150,65162,65222],{},[140,65133,25197,65134,320,65136,65139,65140,65142,65143,4592,65145,65147,65148,91],{},[15,65135,58250],{},[15,65137,65138],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9278,65141],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65144,329],{},[15,65146,65138],{},". It raises ",[15,65149,40128],{},[140,65151,65152,65153,65155,65158,65159,65161],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9278,65154],{},[15,65156,65157],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65160,64558],{},", not the value itself.",[140,65163,1092,65164,871,65167,65169,65171,65172,16078,65174,65197,16066,65199],{},[15,65165,65166],{},"index[]",[15,65168,58250],{},[9278,65170],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9278,65173],{},[40,65175,65177],{"className":42,"code":65176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65178,65179],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65180,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65182,88],{"class":55},[49,65184,91],{"class":63},[49,65186,35268],{"class":94},[49,65188,108],{"class":63},[49,65190,347],{"class":346},[49,65192,3519],{"class":350},[49,65194,347],{"class":346},[49,65196,272],{"class":63},[9278,65198],{},[40,65200,65202],{"className":42,"code":65201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65203,65204],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65205,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65207,88],{"class":55},[49,65209,91],{"class":63},[49,65211,35268],{"class":915},[49,65213,938],{"class":63},[49,65215,347],{"class":346},[49,65217,3519],{"class":350},[49,65219,347],{"class":346},[49,65221,82],{"class":63},[140,65223,65224,65225,65227,618,65230,65232,65233],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9278,65226],{},[15,65228,65229],{},"\"3\"",[15,65231,1494],{}," are different values in Python.",[40,65234,65236],{"className":42,"code":65235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65237,65238,65258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65239,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65241,214],{"class":55},[49,65243,60],{"class":59},[49,65245,64],{"class":63},[49,65247,68],{"class":67},[49,65249,71],{"class":63},[49,65251,74],{"class":67},[49,65253,71],{"class":63},[49,65255,79],{"class":67},[49,65257,82],{"class":63},[49,65259,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65261,105],{"class":104},[49,65263,108],{"class":63},[49,65265,347],{"class":346},[49,65267,1494],{"class":350},[49,65269,347],{"class":346},[49,65271,20595],{"class":3306},[49,65273,3695],{"class":94},[49,65275,113],{"class":63},[49,65277,4202],{"class":116},[20,65279,65280],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,65282,65284],{"className":42,"code":65283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65285,65286,65296,65310,65324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65287,65288,65290,65292,65294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65289,105],{"class":104},[49,65291,108],{"class":63},[49,65293,177],{"class":94},[49,65295,272],{"class":63},[49,65297,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65299,105],{"class":104},[49,65301,108],{"class":63},[49,65303,1175],{"class":1174},[49,65305,108],{"class":63},[49,65307,65073],{"class":94},[49,65309,1182],{"class":63},[49,65311,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,65313,105],{"class":104},[49,65315,108],{"class":63},[49,65317,65031],{"class":94},[49,65319,3313],{"class":3306},[49,65321,7827],{"class":94},[49,65323,272],{"class":63},[49,65325,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,65327,105],{"class":104},[49,65329,108],{"class":63},[49,65331,177],{"class":94},[49,65333,91],{"class":63},[49,65335,35268],{"class":94},[49,65337,108],{"class":63},[49,65339,65073],{"class":94},[49,65341,1182],{"class":63},[20,65343,65344],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65346,65347],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[137,65349,65350,65353,65360,65366],{},[140,65351,65352],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[140,65354,65355,65356,871,65358],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65357,65229],{},[15,65359,1494],{},[140,65361,65362,65363,65365],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65364,58250],{}," returns only the first one",[140,65367,65368],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[35,65370,740,65372],{"id":65371},"when-to-use-index",[15,65373,58250],{},[20,65375,120,65376,10033],{},[15,65377,58250],{},[137,65379,65380,65383,65386],{},[140,65381,65382],{},"You need the position of a known value",[140,65384,65385],{},"You are working with a small list",[140,65387,65388],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65390,65391],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[35,65393,1253],{"id":1252},[528,65395,4573,65397,4576],{"id":65396},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65398,64149],{},[20,65400,65401],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[528,65403,1257,65405,4592,65407,65409],{"id":65404},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65406,64149],{},[15,65408,65138],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65411,65412,65413,6064],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65414,40128],{},[528,65416,4601,65418,65420],{"id":65417},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65419,64149],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65422,65423],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[528,65425,65427,65428,1284],{"id":65426},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65429,58250],{},[20,65431,65432,65433,618,65435,65437],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65434,35495],{},[15,65436,52086],{}," arguments.",[35,65439,1309],{"id":1308},[137,65441,65442,65446,65450,65454],{},[140,65443,65444],{},[308,65445,58238],{"href":64579},[140,65447,65448],{},[308,65449,311],{"href":310},[140,65451,65452],{},[308,65453,65123],{"href":65122},[140,65455,65456],{},[308,65457,1325,65458,736],{"href":58309},[15,65459,56572],{},[1352,65461,65462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":65464},[65465,65466,65468,65469,65470,65471,65472,65474,65475,65476,65478,65488],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":64246,"depth":85,"text":65467},"What list.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444},{"id":64454,"depth":85,"text":64455},{"id":64583,"depth":85,"text":64584},{"id":64690,"depth":85,"text":65473},"Using start and end",{"id":64913,"depth":85,"text":64914},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863},{"id":65371,"depth":85,"text":65477},"When to use index()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":65479},[65480,65482,65484,65486],{"id":65396,"depth":101,"text":65481},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65404,"depth":101,"text":65483},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65417,"depth":101,"text":65485},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65426,"depth":101,"text":65487},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64137,"description":65489},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65496,"title":65497,"body":65498,"description":67440,"extension":1392,"meta":67441,"navigation":243,"path":67442,"seo":67443,"stem":67444,"__hash__":67445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65499,"toc":67400},[65500,65505,65510,65513,65522,65579,65585,65590,65594,65608,65614,65616,65639,65656,65658,65719,65721,65753,65766,65768,65771,65871,65873,65951,65957,65961,65969,65973,65979,66034,66036,66060,66064,66067,66120,66122,66146,66150,66153,66206,66208,66232,66236,66242,66313,66315,66356,66362,66369,66372,66377,66385,66390,66398,66400,66497,66499,66568,66575,66580,66582,66586,66591,66593,66664,66666,66695,66701,66703,66730,66733,66756,66760,66763,66785,66788,66811,66813,66873,66875,66907,66913,66918,66971,66973,66998,67001,67050,67052,67073,67077,67082,67085,67140,67142,67169,67176,67180,67185,67256,67259,67273,67278,67283,67285,67299,67311,67316,67318,67323,67328,67332,67335,67341,67347,67354,67362,67364,67397],[10,65501,13,65503,18],{"id":65502},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65504,53692],{},[20,65506,65507,65509],{},[15,65508,53335],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65511,65512],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65514,120,65515,65517,65518,91],{},[15,65516,53692],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[308,65519,1325,65520,736],{"href":56050},[15,65521,52078],{},[40,65523,65525],{"className":42,"code":65524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65526,65527,65547,65565,65575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65528,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65530,214],{"class":55},[49,65532,60],{"class":59},[49,65534,64],{"class":63},[49,65536,68],{"class":67},[49,65538,71],{"class":63},[49,65540,74],{"class":67},[49,65542,71],{"class":63},[49,65544,1888],{"class":67},[49,65546,82],{"class":63},[49,65548,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65550,249],{"class":55},[49,65552,91],{"class":63},[49,65554,53375],{"class":94},[49,65556,108],{"class":63},[49,65558,1488],{"class":67},[49,65560,71],{"class":63},[49,65562,79],{"class":67},[49,65564,272],{"class":63},[49,65566,65567,65569,65571,65573],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,65568,105],{"class":104},[49,65570,108],{"class":63},[49,65572,249],{"class":94},[49,65574,272],{"class":63},[49,65576,65577],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,65578,52148],{"class":116},[20,65580,120,65581,65584],{},[15,65582,65583],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[35,65586,127,65588,130],{"id":65587},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65589,53335],{},[20,65591,65592,135],{},[15,65593,53335],{},[137,65595,65596,65599,65602,65604],{},[140,65597,65598],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[140,65600,65601],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[140,65603,145],{},[140,65605,10851,65606],{},[15,65607,323],{},[20,65609,65610,65611,65613],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65612,53692],{}," does not create a new list.",[35,65615,4863],{"id":4862},[40,65617,65619],{"className":42,"code":65618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65620,65621],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65622,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65624,177],{"class":55},[49,65626,91],{"class":63},[49,65628,53375],{"class":94},[49,65630,108],{"class":63},[49,65632,35268],{"class":94},[49,65634,71],{"class":63},[49,65636,28930],{"class":94},[49,65638,272],{"class":63},[137,65640,65641,65646,65651],{},[140,65642,65643,65645],{},[15,65644,35268],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[140,65647,65648,65650],{},[15,65649,22733],{}," is the value to add",[140,65652,65653,65654],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65655,1552],{},[20,65657,761],{},[40,65659,65661],{"className":42,"code":65660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65662,65663,65687,65709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65664,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65666,35513],{"class":55},[49,65668,60],{"class":59},[49,65670,64],{"class":63},[49,65672,347],{"class":346},[49,65674,308],{"class":350},[49,65676,347],{"class":346},[49,65678,71],{"class":63},[49,65680,357],{"class":346},[49,65682,369],{"class":350},[49,65684,347],{"class":346},[49,65686,82],{"class":63},[49,65688,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65690,35566],{"class":55},[49,65692,91],{"class":63},[49,65694,53375],{"class":94},[49,65696,108],{"class":63},[49,65698,68],{"class":67},[49,65700,71],{"class":63},[49,65702,357],{"class":346},[49,65704,360],{"class":350},[49,65706,347],{"class":346},[49,65708,272],{"class":63},[49,65710,65711,65713,65715,65717],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,65712,105],{"class":104},[49,65714,108],{"class":63},[49,65716,35566],{"class":94},[49,65718,272],{"class":63},[20,65720,275],{},[40,65722,65723],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,65724,65725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65726,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65728,938],{"class":63},[49,65730,2734],{"class":346},[49,65732,308],{"class":350},[49,65734,2734],{"class":346},[49,65736,71],{"class":63},[49,65738,2729],{"class":346},[49,65740,360],{"class":350},[49,65742,2734],{"class":346},[49,65744,71],{"class":63},[49,65746,2729],{"class":346},[49,65748,369],{"class":350},[49,65750,2734],{"class":346},[49,65752,82],{"class":63},[20,65754,705,65755,65757,65758,65760,65761,618,65763,91],{},[15,65756,64879],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65759,68],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65762,17518],{},[15,65764,65765],{},"\"c\"",[35,65767,5220],{"id":5219},[20,65769,65770],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[40,65772,65774],{"className":42,"code":65773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65775,65776,65808,65826,65830,65852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65777,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65779,12495],{"class":55},[49,65781,60],{"class":59},[49,65783,64],{"class":63},[49,65785,347],{"class":346},[49,65787,12512],{"class":350},[49,65789,347],{"class":346},[49,65791,71],{"class":63},[49,65793,357],{"class":346},[49,65795,12529],{"class":350},[49,65797,347],{"class":346},[49,65799,71],{"class":63},[49,65801,357],{"class":346},[49,65803,16877],{"class":350},[49,65805,347],{"class":346},[49,65807,82],{"class":63},[49,65809,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65811,105],{"class":104},[49,65813,108],{"class":63},[49,65815,347],{"class":346},[49,65817,10988],{"class":350},[49,65819,347],{"class":346},[49,65821,71],{"class":63},[49,65823,12543],{"class":94},[49,65825,272],{"class":63},[49,65827,65828],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,65829,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,65831,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,65833,16924],{"class":55},[49,65835,91],{"class":63},[49,65837,53375],{"class":94},[49,65839,108],{"class":63},[49,65841,68],{"class":67},[49,65843,71],{"class":63},[49,65845,357],{"class":346},[49,65847,21946],{"class":350},[49,65849,347],{"class":346},[49,65851,272],{"class":63},[49,65853,65854,65856,65858,65860,65863,65865,65867,65869],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,65855,105],{"class":104},[49,65857,108],{"class":63},[49,65859,347],{"class":346},[49,65861,65862],{"class":350},"After: ",[49,65864,347],{"class":346},[49,65866,71],{"class":63},[49,65868,12543],{"class":94},[49,65870,272],{"class":63},[20,65872,275],{},[40,65874,65876],{"className":42,"code":65875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65877,65878,65910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65879,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65881,11048],{"class":55},[49,65883,135],{"class":63},[49,65885,64],{"class":63},[49,65887,2734],{"class":346},[49,65889,12512],{"class":350},[49,65891,2734],{"class":346},[49,65893,71],{"class":63},[49,65895,2729],{"class":346},[49,65897,12529],{"class":350},[49,65899,2734],{"class":346},[49,65901,71],{"class":63},[49,65903,2729],{"class":346},[49,65905,16877],{"class":350},[49,65907,2734],{"class":346},[49,65909,82],{"class":63},[49,65911,65912,65914,65916,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,65913,11101],{"class":55},[49,65915,135],{"class":63},[49,65917,65918],{"class":63},"  [",[49,65920,2734],{"class":346},[49,65922,12512],{"class":350},[49,65924,2734],{"class":346},[49,65926,71],{"class":63},[49,65928,2729],{"class":346},[49,65930,21946],{"class":350},[49,65932,2734],{"class":346},[49,65934,71],{"class":63},[49,65936,2729],{"class":346},[49,65938,12529],{"class":350},[49,65940,2734],{"class":346},[49,65942,71],{"class":63},[49,65944,2729],{"class":346},[49,65946,16877],{"class":350},[49,65948,2734],{"class":346},[49,65950,82],{"class":63},[20,65952,65953,65954,65956],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,65955,68],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[35,65958,65960],{"id":65959},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,65962,1409,65963,34751,65965,65968],{},[15,65964,35268],{},[15,65966,65967],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[528,65970,65972],{"id":65971},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,65974,65975,65976,65978],{},"Use index ",[15,65977,1552],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[40,65980,65982],{"className":42,"code":65981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,65983,65984,66005,66024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65985,65986,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65987,65988],{"class":55},"nums ",[49,65990,60],{"class":59},[49,65992,64],{"class":63},[49,65994,1488],{"class":67},[49,65996,71],{"class":63},[49,65998,79],{"class":67},[49,66000,71],{"class":63},[49,66002,1888],{"class":67},[49,66004,82],{"class":63},[49,66006,66007,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66008,66009],{"class":55},"nums",[49,66011,91],{"class":63},[49,66013,53375],{"class":94},[49,66015,108],{"class":63},[49,66017,1552],{"class":67},[49,66019,71],{"class":63},[49,66021,4930],{"class":67},[49,66023,272],{"class":63},[49,66025,66026,66028,66030,66032],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66027,105],{"class":104},[49,66029,108],{"class":63},[49,66031,66009],{"class":94},[49,66033,272],{"class":63},[20,66035,275],{},[40,66037,66038],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66039,66040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66041,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66043,938],{"class":63},[49,66045,68],{"class":67},[49,66047,71],{"class":63},[49,66049,74],{"class":67},[49,66051,71],{"class":63},[49,66053,79],{"class":67},[49,66055,71],{"class":63},[49,66057,1888],{"class":67},[49,66059,82],{"class":63},[528,66061,66063],{"id":66062},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66065,66066],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[40,66068,66070],{"className":42,"code":66069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66071,66072,66092,66110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66073,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66075,65988],{"class":55},[49,66077,60],{"class":59},[49,66079,64],{"class":63},[49,66081,68],{"class":67},[49,66083,71],{"class":63},[49,66085,74],{"class":67},[49,66087,71],{"class":63},[49,66089,1888],{"class":67},[49,66091,82],{"class":63},[49,66093,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66095,66009],{"class":55},[49,66097,91],{"class":63},[49,66099,53375],{"class":94},[49,66101,108],{"class":63},[49,66103,1488],{"class":67},[49,66105,71],{"class":63},[49,66107,79],{"class":67},[49,66109,272],{"class":63},[49,66111,66112,66114,66116,66118],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66113,105],{"class":104},[49,66115,108],{"class":63},[49,66117,66009],{"class":94},[49,66119,272],{"class":63},[20,66121,275],{},[40,66123,66124],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66125,66126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66127,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66129,938],{"class":63},[49,66131,68],{"class":67},[49,66133,71],{"class":63},[49,66135,74],{"class":67},[49,66137,71],{"class":63},[49,66139,79],{"class":67},[49,66141,71],{"class":63},[49,66143,1888],{"class":67},[49,66145,82],{"class":63},[528,66147,66149],{"id":66148},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66151,66152],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[40,66154,66156],{"className":42,"code":66155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66157,66158,66178,66196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66159,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66161,65988],{"class":55},[49,66163,60],{"class":59},[49,66165,64],{"class":63},[49,66167,68],{"class":67},[49,66169,71],{"class":63},[49,66171,74],{"class":67},[49,66173,71],{"class":63},[49,66175,79],{"class":67},[49,66177,82],{"class":63},[49,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66181,66009],{"class":55},[49,66183,91],{"class":63},[49,66185,53375],{"class":94},[49,66187,108],{"class":63},[49,66189,221],{"class":67},[49,66191,71],{"class":63},[49,66193,1888],{"class":67},[49,66195,272],{"class":63},[49,66197,66198,66200,66202,66204],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66199,105],{"class":104},[49,66201,108],{"class":63},[49,66203,66009],{"class":94},[49,66205,272],{"class":63},[20,66207,275],{},[40,66209,66210],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66211,66212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66213,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66215,938],{"class":63},[49,66217,68],{"class":67},[49,66219,71],{"class":63},[49,66221,74],{"class":67},[49,66223,71],{"class":63},[49,66225,79],{"class":67},[49,66227,71],{"class":63},[49,66229,1888],{"class":67},[49,66231,82],{"class":63},[528,66233,66235],{"id":66234},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66237,66238,66239,66241],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66240,53692],{}," places the item before that position.",[40,66243,66245],{"className":42,"code":66244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66246,66247,66279,66303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66248,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66250,35513],{"class":55},[49,66252,60],{"class":59},[49,66254,64],{"class":63},[49,66256,347],{"class":346},[49,66258,308],{"class":350},[49,66260,347],{"class":346},[49,66262,71],{"class":63},[49,66264,357],{"class":346},[49,66266,360],{"class":350},[49,66268,347],{"class":346},[49,66270,71],{"class":63},[49,66272,357],{"class":346},[49,66274,18190],{"class":350},[49,66276,347],{"class":346},[49,66278,82],{"class":63},[49,66280,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66282,35566],{"class":55},[49,66284,91],{"class":63},[49,66286,53375],{"class":94},[49,66288,108],{"class":63},[49,66290,1453],{"class":59},[49,66292,68],{"class":67},[49,66294,71],{"class":63},[49,66296,357],{"class":346},[49,66298,369],{"class":350},[49,66300,347],{"class":346},[49,66302,272],{"class":63},[49,66304,66305,66307,66309,66311],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66306,105],{"class":104},[49,66308,108],{"class":63},[49,66310,35566],{"class":94},[49,66312,272],{"class":63},[20,66314,275],{},[40,66316,66318],{"className":42,"code":66317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66319,66320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66321,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66323,938],{"class":63},[49,66325,2734],{"class":346},[49,66327,308],{"class":350},[49,66329,2734],{"class":346},[49,66331,71],{"class":63},[49,66333,2729],{"class":346},[49,66335,360],{"class":350},[49,66337,2734],{"class":346},[49,66339,71],{"class":63},[49,66341,2729],{"class":346},[49,66343,369],{"class":350},[49,66345,2734],{"class":346},[49,66347,71],{"class":63},[49,66349,2729],{"class":346},[49,66351,18190],{"class":350},[49,66353,2734],{"class":346},[49,66355,82],{"class":63},[20,66357,66358,66359,1736],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[308,66360,66361],{"href":50404},"Python lists beginner guide",[35,66363,66365,10018,66367],{"id":66364},"insert-vs-append",[15,66366,53692],{},[15,66368,52078],{},[20,66370,66371],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[528,66373,120,66375,10033],{"id":66374},"use-insert-when",[15,66376,53692],{},[137,66378,66379,66382],{},[140,66380,66381],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[140,66383,66384],{},"The order of the list matters",[528,66386,120,66388,10033],{"id":66387},"use-append-when",[15,66389,52078],{},[137,66391,66392,66395],{},[140,66393,66394],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[140,66396,66397],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66399,761],{},[40,66401,66403],{"className":42,"code":66402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66404,66405,66429,66433,66455,66465,66469,66487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66406,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66408,56],{"class":55},[49,66410,60],{"class":59},[49,66412,64],{"class":63},[49,66414,347],{"class":346},[49,66416,3510],{"class":350},[49,66418,347],{"class":346},[49,66420,71],{"class":63},[49,66422,357],{"class":346},[49,66424,32644],{"class":350},[49,66426,347],{"class":346},[49,66428,82],{"class":63},[49,66430,66431],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66432,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,66434,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66436,88],{"class":55},[49,66438,91],{"class":63},[49,66440,53375],{"class":94},[49,66442,108],{"class":63},[49,66444,68],{"class":67},[49,66446,71],{"class":63},[49,66448,357],{"class":346},[49,66450,3519],{"class":350},[49,66452,347],{"class":346},[49,66454,272],{"class":63},[49,66456,66457,66459,66461,66463],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,66458,105],{"class":104},[49,66460,108],{"class":63},[49,66462,88],{"class":94},[49,66464,272],{"class":63},[49,66466,66467],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,66468,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,66470,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,66472,88],{"class":55},[49,66474,91],{"class":63},[49,66476,12973],{"class":94},[49,66478,108],{"class":63},[49,66480,347],{"class":346},[49,66482,21955],{"class":350},[49,66484,347],{"class":346},[49,66486,272],{"class":63},[49,66488,66489,66491,66493,66495],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,66490,105],{"class":104},[49,66492,108],{"class":63},[49,66494,88],{"class":94},[49,66496,272],{"class":63},[20,66498,275],{},[40,66500,66502],{"className":42,"code":66501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66503,66504,66532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66507,938],{"class":63},[49,66509,2734],{"class":346},[49,66511,3510],{"class":350},[49,66513,2734],{"class":346},[49,66515,71],{"class":63},[49,66517,2729],{"class":346},[49,66519,3519],{"class":350},[49,66521,2734],{"class":346},[49,66523,71],{"class":63},[49,66525,2729],{"class":346},[49,66527,32644],{"class":350},[49,66529,2734],{"class":346},[49,66531,82],{"class":63},[49,66533,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66535,938],{"class":63},[49,66537,2734],{"class":346},[49,66539,3510],{"class":350},[49,66541,2734],{"class":346},[49,66543,71],{"class":63},[49,66545,2729],{"class":346},[49,66547,3519],{"class":350},[49,66549,2734],{"class":346},[49,66551,71],{"class":63},[49,66553,2729],{"class":346},[49,66555,32644],{"class":350},[49,66557,2734],{"class":346},[49,66559,71],{"class":63},[49,66561,2729],{"class":346},[49,66563,21955],{"class":350},[49,66565,2734],{"class":346},[49,66567,82],{"class":63},[20,66569,66570,66571,91],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[308,66572,1325,66573,736],{"href":56050},[15,66574,52078],{},[20,66576,66577,66578,91],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[308,66579,52473],{"href":52472},[35,66581,863],{"id":862},[20,66583,14154,66584,91],{},[15,66585,53692],{},[528,66587,12017,66589],{"id":66588},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66590,53692],{},[20,66592,25113],{},[40,66594,66596],{"className":42,"code":66595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66597,66598,66618,66640,66644,66654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66601,214],{"class":55},[49,66603,60],{"class":59},[49,66605,64],{"class":63},[49,66607,68],{"class":67},[49,66609,71],{"class":63},[49,66611,74],{"class":67},[49,66613,71],{"class":63},[49,66615,79],{"class":67},[49,66617,82],{"class":63},[49,66619,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66621,382],{"class":55},[49,66623,60],{"class":59},[49,66625,3695],{"class":55},[49,66627,91],{"class":63},[49,66629,53375],{"class":94},[49,66631,108],{"class":63},[49,66633,68],{"class":67},[49,66635,71],{"class":63},[49,66637,9629],{"class":67},[49,66639,272],{"class":63},[49,66641,66642],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66643,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,66645,66646,66648,66650,66652],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,66647,105],{"class":104},[49,66649,108],{"class":63},[49,66651,420],{"class":94},[49,66653,272],{"class":63},[49,66655,66656,66658,66660,66662],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,66657,105],{"class":104},[49,66659,108],{"class":63},[49,66661,249],{"class":94},[49,66663,272],{"class":63},[20,66665,275],{},[40,66667,66669],{"className":42,"code":66668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66670,66671,66675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66672,66673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66674,11232],{"class":3281},[49,66676,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66678,938],{"class":63},[49,66680,68],{"class":67},[49,66682,71],{"class":63},[49,66684,9629],{"class":67},[49,66686,71],{"class":63},[49,66688,74],{"class":67},[49,66690,71],{"class":63},[49,66692,79],{"class":67},[49,66694,82],{"class":63},[20,66696,66697,53577,66699,91],{},[15,66698,53692],{},[15,66700,323],{},[20,66702,16066],{},[40,66704,66706],{"className":42,"code":66705,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66707,66708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66709,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66711,55171],{"class":55},[49,66713,60],{"class":59},[49,66715,3695],{"class":55},[49,66717,91],{"class":63},[49,66719,53375],{"class":94},[49,66721,108],{"class":63},[49,66723,68],{"class":67},[49,66725,71],{"class":63},[49,66727,9629],{"class":67},[49,66729,272],{"class":63},[20,66731,66732],{},"Right:",[40,66734,66736],{"className":42,"code":66735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66737,66738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66739,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66741,249],{"class":55},[49,66743,91],{"class":63},[49,66745,53375],{"class":94},[49,66747,108],{"class":63},[49,66749,68],{"class":67},[49,66751,71],{"class":63},[49,66753,9629],{"class":67},[49,66755,272],{"class":63},[528,66757,66759],{"id":66758},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66761,66762],{},"The correct order is:",[40,66764,66765],{"className":42,"code":65618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66766,66767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66768,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66770,177],{"class":55},[49,66772,91],{"class":63},[49,66774,53375],{"class":94},[49,66776,108],{"class":63},[49,66778,35268],{"class":94},[49,66780,71],{"class":63},[49,66782,28930],{"class":94},[49,66784,272],{"class":63},[20,66786,66787],{},"Not:",[40,66789,66791],{"className":42,"code":66790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66792,66793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66794,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66796,177],{"class":55},[49,66798,91],{"class":63},[49,66800,53375],{"class":94},[49,66802,108],{"class":63},[49,66804,22733],{"class":94},[49,66806,71],{"class":63},[49,66808,35243],{"class":94},[49,66810,272],{"class":63},[20,66812,761],{},[40,66814,66815],{"className":42,"code":65660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66816,66817,66841,66863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66818,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66820,35513],{"class":55},[49,66822,60],{"class":59},[49,66824,64],{"class":63},[49,66826,347],{"class":346},[49,66828,308],{"class":350},[49,66830,347],{"class":346},[49,66832,71],{"class":63},[49,66834,357],{"class":346},[49,66836,369],{"class":350},[49,66838,347],{"class":346},[49,66840,82],{"class":63},[49,66842,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66844,35566],{"class":55},[49,66846,91],{"class":63},[49,66848,53375],{"class":94},[49,66850,108],{"class":63},[49,66852,68],{"class":67},[49,66854,71],{"class":63},[49,66856,357],{"class":346},[49,66858,360],{"class":350},[49,66860,347],{"class":346},[49,66862,272],{"class":63},[49,66864,66865,66867,66869,66871],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66866,105],{"class":104},[49,66868,108],{"class":63},[49,66870,35566],{"class":94},[49,66872,272],{"class":63},[20,66874,275],{},[40,66876,66877],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66878,66879],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66880,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66882,938],{"class":63},[49,66884,2734],{"class":346},[49,66886,308],{"class":350},[49,66888,2734],{"class":346},[49,66890,71],{"class":63},[49,66892,2729],{"class":346},[49,66894,360],{"class":350},[49,66896,2734],{"class":346},[49,66898,71],{"class":63},[49,66900,2729],{"class":346},[49,66902,369],{"class":350},[49,66904,2734],{"class":346},[49,66906,82],{"class":63},[528,66908,1011,66910,66912],{"id":66909},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,66911,53692],{}," to replace an item",[20,66914,66915,66917],{},[15,66916,53692],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[40,66919,66921],{"className":42,"code":66920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66922,66923,66943,66961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66924,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66926,214],{"class":55},[49,66928,60],{"class":59},[49,66930,64],{"class":63},[49,66932,68],{"class":67},[49,66934,71],{"class":63},[49,66936,74],{"class":67},[49,66938,71],{"class":63},[49,66940,79],{"class":67},[49,66942,82],{"class":63},[49,66944,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,66946,249],{"class":55},[49,66948,91],{"class":63},[49,66950,53375],{"class":94},[49,66952,108],{"class":63},[49,66954,68],{"class":67},[49,66956,71],{"class":63},[49,66958,9629],{"class":67},[49,66960,272],{"class":63},[49,66962,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,66964,105],{"class":104},[49,66966,108],{"class":63},[49,66968,249],{"class":94},[49,66970,272],{"class":63},[20,66972,275],{},[40,66974,66976],{"className":42,"code":66975,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66977,66978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66981,938],{"class":63},[49,66983,68],{"class":67},[49,66985,71],{"class":63},[49,66987,9629],{"class":67},[49,66989,71],{"class":63},[49,66991,74],{"class":67},[49,66993,71],{"class":63},[49,66995,79],{"class":67},[49,66997,82],{"class":63},[20,66999,67000],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[40,67002,67004],{"className":42,"code":67003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67005,67006,67026,67040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67007,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67009,214],{"class":55},[49,67011,60],{"class":59},[49,67013,64],{"class":63},[49,67015,68],{"class":67},[49,67017,71],{"class":63},[49,67019,74],{"class":67},[49,67021,71],{"class":63},[49,67023,79],{"class":67},[49,67025,82],{"class":63},[49,67027,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67029,249],{"class":55},[49,67031,938],{"class":63},[49,67033,68],{"class":67},[49,67035,12693],{"class":63},[49,67037,12696],{"class":59},[49,67039,13551],{"class":67},[49,67041,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67043,105],{"class":104},[49,67045,108],{"class":63},[49,67047,249],{"class":94},[49,67049,272],{"class":63},[20,67051,275],{},[40,67053,67055],{"className":42,"code":67054,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67056,67057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67058,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67060,938],{"class":63},[49,67062,68],{"class":67},[49,67064,71],{"class":63},[49,67066,9629],{"class":67},[49,67068,71],{"class":63},[49,67070,79],{"class":67},[49,67072,82],{"class":63},[528,67074,67076],{"id":67075},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67078,67079,67081],{},[15,67080,53692],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67083,67084],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[40,67086,67088],{"className":42,"code":67087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67089,67090,67106,67130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67091,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67093,214],{"class":55},[49,67095,60],{"class":59},[49,67097,64],{"class":63},[49,67099,68],{"class":67},[49,67101,71],{"class":63},[49,67103,1888],{"class":67},[49,67105,82],{"class":63},[49,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67109,249],{"class":55},[49,67111,91],{"class":63},[49,67113,53375],{"class":94},[49,67115,108],{"class":63},[49,67117,68],{"class":67},[49,67119,71],{"class":63},[49,67121,64],{"class":63},[49,67123,1488],{"class":67},[49,67125,71],{"class":63},[49,67127,79],{"class":67},[49,67129,3319],{"class":63},[49,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67133,105],{"class":104},[49,67135,108],{"class":63},[49,67137,249],{"class":94},[49,67139,272],{"class":63},[20,67141,275],{},[40,67143,67145],{"className":42,"code":67144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67146,67147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67148,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67150,938],{"class":63},[49,67152,68],{"class":67},[49,67154,71],{"class":63},[49,67156,64],{"class":63},[49,67158,1488],{"class":67},[49,67160,71],{"class":63},[49,67162,79],{"class":67},[49,67164,17484],{"class":63},[49,67166,1888],{"class":67},[49,67168,82],{"class":63},[20,67170,67171,67172,91],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[308,67173,1325,67174,736],{"href":52768},[15,67175,52870],{},[528,67177,67179],{"id":67178},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67181,8306,67182,67184],{},[15,67183,53692],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[40,67186,67188],{"className":42,"code":67187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67189,67190,67200,67214,67232,67246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67191,67192,67194,67196,67198],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67193,105],{"class":104},[49,67195,108],{"class":63},[49,67197,177],{"class":94},[49,67199,272],{"class":63},[49,67201,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67203,105],{"class":104},[49,67205,108],{"class":63},[49,67207,10592],{"class":104},[49,67209,108],{"class":63},[49,67211,177],{"class":94},[49,67213,1182],{"class":63},[49,67215,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67217,105],{"class":104},[49,67219,108],{"class":63},[49,67221,177],{"class":94},[49,67223,91],{"class":63},[49,67225,53375],{"class":915},[49,67227,91],{"class":63},[49,67229,33868],{"class":33875},[49,67231,272],{"class":63},[49,67233,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,67235,31575],{"class":104},[49,67237,108],{"class":63},[49,67239,7526],{"class":1174},[49,67241,91],{"class":63},[49,67243,53375],{"class":915},[49,67245,272],{"class":63},[49,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,67249,1175],{"class":1174},[49,67251,108],{"class":63},[49,67253,177],{"class":94},[49,67255,272],{"class":63},[20,67257,67258],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[137,67260,67261,67264,67267,67270],{},[140,67262,67263],{},"What is currently in the list",[140,67265,67266],{},"How long the list is",[140,67268,67269],{},"That you are working with a real list",[140,67271,67272],{},"How Python describes the method",[35,67274,740,67276],{"id":67275},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67277,53692],{},[20,67279,120,67280,67282],{},[15,67281,53692],{}," when position matters.",[20,67284,35848],{},[137,67286,67287,67290,67293,67296],{},[140,67288,67289],{},"Ordered menus",[140,67291,67292],{},"Rankings or score lists",[140,67294,67295],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[140,67297,67298],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67300,67301,67302,67304,67305,67307,67308,67310],{},"You usually do ",[30,67303,329],{}," need ",[15,67306,53692],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67309,52078],{}," is simpler.",[20,67312,67313,67314,91],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[308,67315,56436],{"href":56435},[35,67317,1253],{"id":1252},[528,67319,1257,67321,1269],{"id":67320},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67322,53335],{},[20,67324,67325,67326,91],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67327,323],{},[528,67329,67331],{"id":67330},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67333,67334],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[528,67336,4601,67338,67340],{"id":67337},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67339,53335],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67342,67343,67344,67346],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67345,52870],{}," or slicing.",[528,67348,1279,67350,618,67352,1284],{"id":67349},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67351,53692],{},[15,67353,52078],{},[20,67355,67356,67358,67359,67361],{},[15,67357,53692],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67360,52078],{}," adds only at the end.",[35,67363,1309],{"id":1308},[137,67365,67366,67372,67378,67382,67386,67390],{},[140,67367,67368],{},[308,67369,1325,67370,736],{"href":56050},[15,67371,52078],{},[140,67373,67374],{},[308,67375,1325,67376,736],{"href":52768},[15,67377,52870],{},[140,67379,67380],{},[308,67381,53702],{"href":52472},[140,67383,67384],{},[308,67385,311],{"href":50404},[140,67387,67388],{},[308,67389,56510],{"href":56435},[140,67391,67392],{},[308,67393,1346,67394,1350],{"href":1248},[15,67395,67396],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1352,67398,67399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":67401},[67402,67404,67405,67406,67412,67419,67428,67430,67439],{"id":65587,"depth":85,"text":67403},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863},{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":65959,"depth":85,"text":65960,"children":67407},[67408,67409,67410,67411],{"id":65971,"depth":101,"text":65972},{"id":66062,"depth":101,"text":66063},{"id":66148,"depth":101,"text":66149},{"id":66234,"depth":101,"text":66235},{"id":66364,"depth":85,"text":67413,"children":67414},"insert() vs append()",[67415,67417],{"id":66374,"depth":101,"text":67416},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66387,"depth":101,"text":67418},"Use append() when:",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":67420},[67421,67423,67424,67426,67427],{"id":66588,"depth":101,"text":67422},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66758,"depth":101,"text":66759},{"id":66909,"depth":101,"text":67425},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67075,"depth":101,"text":67076},{"id":67178,"depth":101,"text":67179},{"id":67275,"depth":85,"text":67429},"When to use insert()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":67431},[67432,67434,67435,67437],{"id":67320,"depth":101,"text":67433},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67330,"depth":101,"text":67331},{"id":67337,"depth":101,"text":67436},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67349,"depth":101,"text":67438},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65497,"description":67440},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67447,"title":67448,"body":67449,"description":69004,"extension":1392,"meta":69005,"navigation":243,"path":58255,"seo":69006,"stem":69007,"__hash__":69008},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67450,"toc":68977},[67451,67457,67466,67515,67517,67525,67531,67533,67551,67557,67562,67565,67568,67583,67585,67637,67639,67647,67655,67662,67664,67670,67735,67737,67745,67747,67766,67769,67820,67824,67829,67856,67858,67866,67869,67938,67940,67955,67961,67965,67974,67977,68032,68034,68042,68045,68047,68092,68094,68102,68108,68110,68118,68121,68123,68162,68164,68203,68208,68210,68212,68247,68250,68252,68290,68294,68300,68302,68353,68355,68363,68370,68373,68394,68397,68452,68463,68465,68526,68528,68537,68544,68550,68553,68556,68613,68616,68629,68636,68642,68648,68650,68663,68666,68763,68765,68782,68785,68867,68869,68891,68898,68904,68906,68910,68916,68922,68927,68931,68934,68940,68947,68949,68974],[10,67452,67454,67455,113],{"id":67453},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67456,10592],{},[20,67458,67459,67460,67462,67463,67465],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67461,41784],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67464,41784],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[40,67467,67469],{"className":42,"code":67468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67470,67471,67491,67505],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67472,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67474,214],{"class":55},[49,67476,60],{"class":59},[49,67478,64],{"class":63},[49,67480,221],{"class":67},[49,67482,71],{"class":63},[49,67484,226],{"class":67},[49,67486,71],{"class":63},[49,67488,231],{"class":67},[49,67490,82],{"class":63},[49,67492,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67494,40665],{"class":55},[49,67496,60],{"class":59},[49,67498,37809],{"class":104},[49,67500,108],{"class":63},[49,67502,249],{"class":94},[49,67504,272],{"class":63},[49,67506,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67508,105],{"class":104},[49,67510,108],{"class":63},[49,67512,40683],{"class":94},[49,67514,272],{"class":63},[20,67516,275],{},[40,67518,67519],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67520,67521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67522,67523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67524,46041],{"class":67},[20,67526,120,67527,67530],{},[15,67528,67529],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[35,67532,14584],{"id":14583},[137,67534,67535,67540,67545,67548],{},[140,67536,3630,67537,67539],{},[15,67538,41784],{}," works with Python lists",[140,67541,67542,67543,11129],{},"What value ",[15,67544,41784],{},[140,67546,67547],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[140,67549,67550],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[35,67552,127,67554,67556],{"id":67553},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67555,41784],{}," returns for a list",[20,67558,67559,64369],{},[15,67560,67561],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67563,67564],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67566,67567],{},"A few important points:",[137,67569,67570,67573,67578],{},[140,67571,67572],{},"It counts list items",[140,67574,326,67575,67577],{},[30,67576,329],{}," count characters inside a string item",[140,67579,67580,67581],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67582,1552],{},[20,67584,761],{},[40,67586,67588],{"className":42,"code":67587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67589,67590,67623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67593,3501],{"class":55},[49,67595,60],{"class":59},[49,67597,64],{"class":63},[49,67599,347],{"class":346},[49,67601,36470],{"class":350},[49,67603,347],{"class":346},[49,67605,71],{"class":63},[49,67607,357],{"class":346},[49,67609,67610],{"class":350},"elephant",[49,67612,347],{"class":346},[49,67614,71],{"class":63},[49,67616,357],{"class":346},[49,67618,57409],{"class":350},[49,67620,347],{"class":346},[49,67622,82],{"class":63},[49,67624,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67626,105],{"class":104},[49,67628,108],{"class":63},[49,67630,10592],{"class":104},[49,67632,108],{"class":63},[49,67634,3545],{"class":94},[49,67636,1182],{"class":63},[20,67638,275],{},[40,67640,67641],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67642,67643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67644,67645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67646,46041],{"class":67},[20,67648,20399,67649,67652,67653,64376],{},[15,67650,67651],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67654,52082],{},[20,67656,67657,67658,91],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[308,67659,3010,67660,2943],{"href":41781},[15,67661,41784],{},[35,67663,5220],{"id":5219},[20,67665,67666,67667,67669],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67668,41784],{},", and print the result.",[40,67671,67673],{"className":42,"code":67672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67674,67675,67707,67721,67725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67676,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67678,12495],{"class":55},[49,67680,60],{"class":59},[49,67682,64],{"class":63},[49,67684,347],{"class":346},[49,67686,12512],{"class":350},[49,67688,347],{"class":346},[49,67690,71],{"class":63},[49,67692,357],{"class":346},[49,67694,16877],{"class":350},[49,67696,347],{"class":346},[49,67698,71],{"class":63},[49,67700,357],{"class":346},[49,67702,12529],{"class":350},[49,67704,347],{"class":346},[49,67706,82],{"class":63},[49,67708,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67710,40665],{"class":55},[49,67712,60],{"class":59},[49,67714,37809],{"class":104},[49,67716,108],{"class":63},[49,67718,16924],{"class":94},[49,67720,272],{"class":63},[49,67722,67723],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67724,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,67728,105],{"class":104},[49,67730,108],{"class":63},[49,67732,40683],{"class":94},[49,67734,272],{"class":63},[20,67736,275],{},[40,67738,67739],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67740,67741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67742,67743],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67744,46041],{"class":67},[20,67746,287],{},[137,67748,67749,67754,67761],{},[140,67750,67751,67753],{},[15,67752,16924],{}," is a list with 3 items",[140,67755,67756,320,67759],{},[15,67757,67758],{},"len(colors)",[15,67760,1494],{},[140,67762,67763,67764],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67765,40683],{},[20,67767,67768],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[40,67770,67772],{"className":42,"code":67771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67773,67774,67806],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67777,12495],{"class":55},[49,67779,60],{"class":59},[49,67781,64],{"class":63},[49,67783,347],{"class":346},[49,67785,12512],{"class":350},[49,67787,347],{"class":346},[49,67789,71],{"class":63},[49,67791,357],{"class":346},[49,67793,16877],{"class":350},[49,67795,347],{"class":346},[49,67797,71],{"class":63},[49,67799,357],{"class":346},[49,67801,12529],{"class":350},[49,67803,347],{"class":346},[49,67805,82],{"class":63},[49,67807,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67809,105],{"class":104},[49,67811,108],{"class":63},[49,67813,10592],{"class":104},[49,67815,108],{"class":63},[49,67817,16924],{"class":94},[49,67819,1182],{"class":63},[35,67821,67823],{"id":67822},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67825,67826,67827,91],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67828,1552],{},[40,67830,67832],{"className":42,"code":67831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67833,67834,67842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67835,67836,67838,67840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67837,56],{"class":55},[49,67839,60],{"class":59},[49,67841,526],{"class":63},[49,67843,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67845,105],{"class":104},[49,67847,108],{"class":63},[49,67849,10592],{"class":104},[49,67851,108],{"class":63},[49,67853,88],{"class":94},[49,67855,1182],{"class":63},[20,67857,275],{},[40,67859,67860],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67861,67862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67863,67864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67865,46676],{"class":67},[20,67867,67868],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[40,67870,67872],{"className":42,"code":67871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67873,67874,67882,67886,67904,67918,67924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67875,67876,67878,67880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67877,56],{"class":55},[49,67879,60],{"class":59},[49,67881,526],{"class":63},[49,67883,67884],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,67885,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,67887,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,67889,6431],{"class":3306},[49,67891,37809],{"class":104},[49,67893,108],{"class":63},[49,67895,88],{"class":94},[49,67897,113],{"class":63},[49,67899,37819],{"class":59},[49,67901,3263],{"class":67},[49,67903,5826],{"class":63},[49,67905,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,67907,7501],{"class":104},[49,67909,108],{"class":63},[49,67911,88],{"class":94},[49,67913,938],{"class":63},[49,67915,1552],{"class":67},[49,67917,3319],{"class":63},[49,67919,67920,67922],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,67921,26857],{"class":3306},[49,67923,5826],{"class":63},[49,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,67927,7501],{"class":104},[49,67929,108],{"class":63},[49,67931,347],{"class":346},[49,67933,51241],{"class":350},[49,67935,347],{"class":346},[49,67937,272],{"class":63},[20,67939,275],{},[40,67941,67943],{"className":42,"code":67942,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is empty\n",[15,67944,67945],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67946,67947,67949,67951,67953],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67948,1409],{"class":55},[49,67950,7526],{"class":1174},[49,67952,7529],{"class":59},[49,67954,7535],{"class":55},[20,67956,67957,67958,67960],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[308,67959,311],{"href":50404}," is a good next step.",[35,67962,67964],{"id":67963},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,67966,67967,67969,67970,67973],{},[15,67968,41784],{}," counts only the ",[30,67971,67972],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,67975,67976],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[40,67978,67980],{"className":42,"code":67979,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,67981,67982,68018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67983,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67985,8597],{"class":55},[49,67987,60],{"class":59},[49,67989,55575],{"class":63},[49,67991,68],{"class":67},[49,67993,71],{"class":63},[49,67995,74],{"class":67},[49,67997,17484],{"class":63},[49,67999,64],{"class":63},[49,68001,1494],{"class":67},[49,68003,71],{"class":63},[49,68005,1888],{"class":67},[49,68007,17484],{"class":63},[49,68009,64],{"class":63},[49,68011,1569],{"class":67},[49,68013,71],{"class":63},[49,68015,37067],{"class":67},[49,68017,52666],{"class":63},[49,68019,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68021,105],{"class":104},[49,68023,108],{"class":63},[49,68025,10592],{"class":104},[49,68027,108],{"class":63},[49,68029,8636],{"class":94},[49,68031,1182],{"class":63},[20,68033,275],{},[40,68035,68036],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68037,68038],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68039,68040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68041,46041],{"class":67},[20,68043,68044],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68046,51505],{},[40,68048,68050],{"className":42,"code":68049,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68051,68052,68078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68053,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68055,58755],{"class":55},[49,68057,60],{"class":59},[49,68059,64],{"class":63},[49,68061,68],{"class":67},[49,68063,71],{"class":63},[49,68065,64],{"class":63},[49,68067,1488],{"class":67},[49,68069,71],{"class":63},[49,68071,79],{"class":67},[49,68073,17484],{"class":63},[49,68075,1888],{"class":67},[49,68077,82],{"class":63},[49,68079,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68081,105],{"class":104},[49,68083,108],{"class":63},[49,68085,10592],{"class":104},[49,68087,108],{"class":63},[49,68089,58808],{"class":94},[49,68091,1182],{"class":63},[20,68093,275],{},[40,68095,68096],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68097,68098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68099,68100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68101,46041],{"class":67},[20,68103,20399,68104,68107],{},[15,68105,68106],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[35,68109,863],{"id":862},[528,68111,1092,68113,871,68116],{"id":68112},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68114,68115],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68117,67561],{},[20,68119,68120],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68122,16066],{},[40,68124,68126],{"className":42,"code":68125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68127,68128,68148],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68129,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68131,214],{"class":55},[49,68133,60],{"class":59},[49,68135,64],{"class":63},[49,68137,221],{"class":67},[49,68139,71],{"class":63},[49,68141,226],{"class":67},[49,68143,71],{"class":63},[49,68145,231],{"class":67},[49,68147,82],{"class":63},[49,68149,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68151,105],{"class":104},[49,68153,108],{"class":63},[49,68155,249],{"class":94},[49,68157,91],{"class":63},[49,68159,10592],{"class":94},[49,68161,6628],{"class":63},[20,68163,16078],{},[40,68165,68167],{"className":42,"code":68166,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68168,68169,68189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68170,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68172,214],{"class":55},[49,68174,60],{"class":59},[49,68176,64],{"class":63},[49,68178,221],{"class":67},[49,68180,71],{"class":63},[49,68182,226],{"class":67},[49,68184,71],{"class":63},[49,68186,231],{"class":67},[49,68188,82],{"class":63},[49,68190,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68192,105],{"class":104},[49,68194,108],{"class":63},[49,68196,10592],{"class":104},[49,68198,108],{"class":63},[49,68200,249],{"class":94},[49,68202,1182],{"class":63},[20,68204,68205,68207],{},[15,68206,41784],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[528,68209,25110],{"id":25109},[20,68211,16066],{},[40,68213,68215],{"className":42,"code":68214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68216,68217,68237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68218,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68220,214],{"class":55},[49,68222,60],{"class":59},[49,68224,64],{"class":63},[49,68226,221],{"class":67},[49,68228,71],{"class":63},[49,68230,226],{"class":67},[49,68232,71],{"class":63},[49,68234,231],{"class":67},[49,68236,82],{"class":63},[49,68238,68239,68241,68243,68245],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68240,105],{"class":104},[49,68242,108],{"class":63},[49,68244,10592],{"class":104},[49,68246,272],{"class":63},[20,68248,68249],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68251,16078],{},[40,68253,68254],{"className":42,"code":68166,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68255,68256,68276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68257,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68259,214],{"class":55},[49,68261,60],{"class":59},[49,68263,64],{"class":63},[49,68265,221],{"class":67},[49,68267,71],{"class":63},[49,68269,226],{"class":67},[49,68271,71],{"class":63},[49,68273,231],{"class":67},[49,68275,82],{"class":63},[49,68277,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286,68288],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68279,105],{"class":104},[49,68281,108],{"class":63},[49,68283,10592],{"class":104},[49,68285,108],{"class":63},[49,68287,249],{"class":94},[49,68289,1182],{"class":63},[528,68291,68293],{"id":68292},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68295,68296,68297,68299],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68298,329],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68301,761],{},[40,68303,68305],{"className":42,"code":68304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68306,68307,68339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68308,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68310,35513],{"class":55},[49,68312,60],{"class":59},[49,68314,64],{"class":63},[49,68316,347],{"class":346},[49,68318,308],{"class":350},[49,68320,347],{"class":346},[49,68322,71],{"class":63},[49,68324,357],{"class":346},[49,68326,360],{"class":350},[49,68328,347],{"class":346},[49,68330,71],{"class":63},[49,68332,357],{"class":346},[49,68334,369],{"class":350},[49,68336,347],{"class":346},[49,68338,82],{"class":63},[49,68340,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68342,105],{"class":104},[49,68344,108],{"class":63},[49,68346,10592],{"class":104},[49,68348,108],{"class":63},[49,68350,35566],{"class":94},[49,68352,1182],{"class":63},[20,68354,275],{},[40,68356,68357],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68358,68359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68360,68361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68362,46041],{"class":67},[20,68364,68365,68366,18386,68368,91],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68367,1488],{},[15,68369,1494],{},[20,68371,68372],{},"Indexes are:",[137,68374,68375,68382,68388],{},[140,68376,68377,68379,68380],{},[15,68378,1552],{}," for ",[15,68381,17518],{},[140,68383,68384,68379,68386],{},[15,68385,68],{},[15,68387,64879],{},[140,68389,68390,68379,68392],{},[15,68391,1488],{},[15,68393,65765],{},[20,68395,68396],{},"So this causes an error:",[40,68398,68400],{"className":42,"code":68399,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68401,68402,68434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68403,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68405,35513],{"class":55},[49,68407,60],{"class":59},[49,68409,64],{"class":63},[49,68411,347],{"class":346},[49,68413,308],{"class":350},[49,68415,347],{"class":346},[49,68417,71],{"class":63},[49,68419,357],{"class":346},[49,68421,360],{"class":350},[49,68423,347],{"class":346},[49,68425,71],{"class":63},[49,68427,357],{"class":346},[49,68429,369],{"class":350},[49,68431,347],{"class":346},[49,68433,82],{"class":63},[49,68435,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68437,105],{"class":104},[49,68439,108],{"class":63},[49,68441,35566],{"class":94},[49,68443,938],{"class":63},[49,68445,10592],{"class":104},[49,68447,108],{"class":63},[49,68449,35566],{"class":94},[49,68451,10111],{"class":63},[20,68453,7926,68454,4214,68457,68459,68460,68462],{},[15,68455,68456],{},"len(letters)",[15,68458,1494],{},", and index ",[15,68461,1494],{}," does not exist.",[20,68464,18263],{},[40,68466,68468],{"className":42,"code":68467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68469,68470,68502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68471,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68473,35513],{"class":55},[49,68475,60],{"class":59},[49,68477,64],{"class":63},[49,68479,347],{"class":346},[49,68481,308],{"class":350},[49,68483,347],{"class":346},[49,68485,71],{"class":63},[49,68487,357],{"class":346},[49,68489,360],{"class":350},[49,68491,347],{"class":346},[49,68493,71],{"class":63},[49,68495,357],{"class":346},[49,68497,369],{"class":350},[49,68499,347],{"class":346},[49,68501,82],{"class":63},[49,68503,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68505,105],{"class":104},[49,68507,108],{"class":63},[49,68509,35566],{"class":94},[49,68511,938],{"class":63},[49,68513,10592],{"class":104},[49,68515,108],{"class":63},[49,68517,35566],{"class":94},[49,68519,113],{"class":63},[49,68521,1655],{"class":59},[49,68523,4930],{"class":67},[49,68525,3319],{"class":63},[20,68527,275],{},[40,68529,68531],{"className":42,"code":68530,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"c\n",[15,68532,68533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68534,68535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68536,68530],{"class":55},[20,68538,68539,68540,91],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[308,68541,68543],{"href":68542},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[528,68545,1092,68547,68549],{"id":68546},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68548,41784],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68551,68552],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68554,68555],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[40,68557,68559],{"className":42,"code":68558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68560,68561,68571,68585,68599],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68562,68563,68565,68567,68569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68564,105],{"class":104},[49,68566,108],{"class":63},[49,68568,177],{"class":94},[49,68570,272],{"class":63},[49,68572,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68574,105],{"class":104},[49,68576,108],{"class":63},[49,68578,10592],{"class":104},[49,68580,108],{"class":63},[49,68582,177],{"class":94},[49,68584,1182],{"class":63},[49,68586,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,68588,105],{"class":104},[49,68590,108],{"class":63},[49,68592,1175],{"class":1174},[49,68594,108],{"class":63},[49,68596,177],{"class":94},[49,68598,1182],{"class":63},[49,68600,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,68602,105],{"class":104},[49,68604,108],{"class":63},[49,68606,177],{"class":94},[49,68608,938],{"class":63},[49,68610,1552],{"class":67},[49,68612,3319],{"class":63},[20,68614,68615],{},"These help you verify:",[137,68617,68618,68621,68623,68626],{},[140,68619,68620],{},"what the variable contains",[140,68622,60067],{},[140,68624,68625],{},"whether it is really a list",[140,68627,68628],{},"what the first item is",[20,68630,68631,68632,68635],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68633,68634],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[35,68637,740,68639,68641],{"id":68638},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68640,41784],{}," with lists",[20,68643,68644,68645,68647],{},"You will often use ",[15,68646,41784],{}," in real programs.",[20,68649,8806],{},[137,68651,68652,68654,68657,68660],{},[140,68653,51195],{},[140,68655,68656],{},"Control loops",[140,68658,68659],{},"Validate input or results",[140,68661,68662],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68664,68665],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[40,68667,68669],{"className":42,"code":68668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68670,68671,68691,68707,68711,68725,68739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68672,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68674,543],{"class":55},[49,68676,60],{"class":59},[49,68678,64],{"class":63},[49,68680,68],{"class":67},[49,68682,71],{"class":63},[49,68684,74],{"class":67},[49,68686,71],{"class":63},[49,68688,79],{"class":67},[49,68690,82],{"class":63},[49,68692,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68694,564],{"class":55},[49,68696,60],{"class":59},[49,68698,64],{"class":63},[49,68700,221],{"class":67},[49,68702,71],{"class":63},[49,68704,226],{"class":67},[49,68706,82],{"class":63},[49,68708,68709],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,68710,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,68712,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,68714,105],{"class":104},[49,68716,108],{"class":63},[49,68718,10592],{"class":104},[49,68720,108],{"class":63},[49,68722,308],{"class":94},[49,68724,1182],{"class":63},[49,68726,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,68728,105],{"class":104},[49,68730,108],{"class":63},[49,68732,10592],{"class":104},[49,68734,108],{"class":63},[49,68736,360],{"class":94},[49,68738,1182],{"class":63},[49,68740,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,68742,105],{"class":104},[49,68744,108],{"class":63},[49,68746,10592],{"class":104},[49,68748,108],{"class":63},[49,68750,308],{"class":94},[49,68752,113],{"class":63},[49,68754,37819],{"class":59},[49,68756,37809],{"class":104},[49,68758,108],{"class":63},[49,68760,360],{"class":94},[49,68762,1182],{"class":63},[20,68764,275],{},[40,68766,68768],{"className":42,"code":68767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68769,68770,68774,68778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68771,68772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68773,46041],{"class":67},[49,68775,68776],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68777,16479],{"class":67},[49,68779,68780],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,68781,3410],{"class":3281},[20,68783,68784],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[40,68786,68788],{"className":42,"code":68787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68789,68790,68822,68826,68848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68791,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68793,4425],{"class":55},[49,68795,60],{"class":59},[49,68797,64],{"class":63},[49,68799,347],{"class":346},[49,68801,12299],{"class":350},[49,68803,347],{"class":346},[49,68805,71],{"class":63},[49,68807,357],{"class":346},[49,68809,35363],{"class":350},[49,68811,347],{"class":346},[49,68813,71],{"class":63},[49,68815,357],{"class":346},[49,68817,35372],{"class":350},[49,68819,347],{"class":346},[49,68821,82],{"class":63},[49,68823,68824],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68825,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,68827,68828,68830,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,68829,5391],{"class":3306},[49,68831,68832],{"class":55}," i ",[49,68834,3313],{"class":3306},[49,68836,53494],{"class":104},[49,68838,108],{"class":63},[49,68840,10592],{"class":104},[49,68842,108],{"class":63},[49,68844,4469],{"class":94},[49,68846,68847],{"class":63},")):\n",[49,68849,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68861,68863,68865],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,68851,7501],{"class":104},[49,68853,108],{"class":63},[49,68855,35577],{"class":94},[49,68857,71],{"class":63},[49,68859,68860],{"class":94}," names",[49,68862,938],{"class":63},[49,68864,35577],{"class":94},[49,68866,3319],{"class":63},[20,68868,275],{},[40,68870,68871],{"className":42,"code":35421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68872,68873,68879,68885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68874,68875,68877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68876,1552],{"class":67},[49,68878,35430],{"class":55},[49,68880,68881,68883],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,68882,68],{"class":67},[49,68884,35437],{"class":55},[49,68886,68887,68889],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,68888,1488],{"class":67},[49,68890,35444],{"class":55},[20,68892,68893,68894,91],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[308,68895,68897],{"href":68896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68899,68900,68901,68903],{},"You can also read ",[308,68902,50972],{"href":50971}," for a task-focused guide.",[35,68905,1253],{"id":1252},[528,68907,68909],{"id":68908},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,68911,120,68912,68915],{},[15,68913,68914],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[528,68917,4573,68919,12137],{"id":68918},"what-does-len-return",[15,68920,68921],{},"len([])",[20,68923,4579,68924,68926],{},[15,68925,1552],{}," because the list is empty.",[528,68928,68930],{"id":68929},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,68932,68933],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[528,68935,1296,68937,68939],{"id":68936},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,68938,68115],{}," in Python?",[20,68941,29694,68942,7655,68944,68946],{},[15,68943,67561],{},[15,68945,41784],{}," is a built-in function.",[35,68948,1309],{"id":1308},[137,68950,68951,68957,68961,68965,68969],{},[140,68952,68953],{},[308,68954,3010,68955,2943],{"href":41781},[15,68956,41784],{},[140,68958,68959],{},[308,68960,52016],{"href":50971},[140,68962,68963],{},[308,68964,311],{"href":50404},[140,68966,68967],{},[308,68968,68543],{"href":68542},[140,68970,68971],{},[308,68972,68973],{"href":68896},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1352,68975,68976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":68978},[68979,68980,68982,68983,68984,68985,68993,68995,69003],{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":67553,"depth":85,"text":68981},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":67822,"depth":85,"text":67823},{"id":67963,"depth":85,"text":67964},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":68986},[68987,68989,68990,68991],{"id":68112,"depth":101,"text":68988},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25109,"depth":101,"text":25110},{"id":68292,"depth":101,"text":68293},{"id":68546,"depth":101,"text":68992},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68638,"depth":85,"text":68994},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":68996},[68997,68998,69000,69001],{"id":68908,"depth":101,"text":68909},{"id":68918,"depth":101,"text":68999},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":68929,"depth":101,"text":68930},{"id":68936,"depth":101,"text":69002},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67448,"description":69004},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69010,"title":69011,"body":69012,"description":70994,"extension":1392,"meta":70995,"navigation":243,"path":70996,"seo":70997,"stem":70998,"__hash__":70999},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69013,"toc":70967},[69014,69017,69022,69025,69033,69046,69048,69113,69115,69137,69142,69146,69151,69159,69161,69171,69173,69254,69256,69286,69288,69307,69312,69329,69331,69415,69417,69447,69452,69456,69462,69546,69548,69578,69581,69585,69588,69679,69681,69719,69722,69807,69809,69839,69845,69852,69856,69861,69870,69872,69957,69959,69988,69991,69999,70003,70007,70016,70039,70041,70063,70065,70079,70081,70141,70145,70150,70189,70191,70208,70210,70220,70319,70324,70328,70333,70376,70378,70406,70408,70422,70497,70499,70521,70525,70528,70533,70544,70549,70557,70560,70631,70633,70658,70715,70717,70738,70747,70755,70760,70762,70767,70788,70791,70866,70869,70883,70890,70892,70896,70902,70906,70916,70920,70927,70931,70937,70939,70964],[10,69015,69011],{"id":69016},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69018,69019,69021],{},[15,69020,859],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69023,69024],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[137,69026,69027,69030],{},[140,69028,69029],{},"delete an item from a list",[140,69031,69032],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69034,69035,69036,69038,69039,8135,69041,69045],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69037,1328],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69040,1328],{},[308,69042,69043],{"href":849},[15,69044,1335],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[35,69047,1434],{"id":1433},[40,69049,69051],{"className":42,"code":69050,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69052,69053,69073,69088,69092,69103],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69056,214],{"class":55},[49,69058,60],{"class":59},[49,69060,64],{"class":63},[49,69062,221],{"class":67},[49,69064,71],{"class":63},[49,69066,226],{"class":67},[49,69068,71],{"class":63},[49,69070,231],{"class":67},[49,69072,82],{"class":63},[49,69074,69075,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69076,69077],{"class":55},"last_item ",[49,69079,60],{"class":59},[49,69081,3695],{"class":55},[49,69083,91],{"class":63},[49,69085,25664],{"class":94},[49,69087,98],{"class":63},[49,69089,69090],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69091,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69093,69094,69096,69098,69101],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69095,105],{"class":104},[49,69097,108],{"class":63},[49,69099,69100],{"class":94},"last_item",[49,69102,272],{"class":63},[49,69104,69105,69107,69109,69111],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69106,105],{"class":104},[49,69108,108],{"class":63},[49,69110,249],{"class":94},[49,69112,272],{"class":63},[20,69114,275],{},[40,69116,69118],{"className":42,"code":69117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69119,69120,69125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69121,69122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69123,69124],{"class":67},"30\n",[49,69126,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69128,938],{"class":63},[49,69130,221],{"class":67},[49,69132,71],{"class":63},[49,69134,226],{"class":67},[49,69136,82],{"class":63},[20,69138,120,69139,69141],{},[15,69140,1328],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[35,69143,69145],{"id":69144},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69147,69148,69150],{},[15,69149,1328],{}," has two main jobs:",[137,69152,69153,69156],{},[140,69154,69155],{},"It removes one item from a list",[140,69157,69158],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69160,43073],{},[137,69162,69163,69166,69169],{},[140,69164,69165],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[140,69167,69168],{},"It changes the original list",[140,69170,52170],{},[20,69172,761],{},[40,69174,69176],{"className":42,"code":69175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69177,69178,69210,69214,69229,69233,69244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69179,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69181,12495],{"class":55},[49,69183,60],{"class":59},[49,69185,64],{"class":63},[49,69187,347],{"class":346},[49,69189,12512],{"class":350},[49,69191,347],{"class":346},[49,69193,71],{"class":63},[49,69195,357],{"class":346},[49,69197,16877],{"class":350},[49,69199,347],{"class":346},[49,69201,71],{"class":63},[49,69203,357],{"class":346},[49,69205,12529],{"class":350},[49,69207,347],{"class":346},[49,69209,82],{"class":63},[49,69211,69212],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69213,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69215,69216,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69217,69218],{"class":55},"removed ",[49,69220,60],{"class":59},[49,69222,12543],{"class":55},[49,69224,91],{"class":63},[49,69226,25664],{"class":94},[49,69228,98],{"class":63},[49,69230,69231],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69232,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69234,69235,69237,69239,69242],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69236,105],{"class":104},[49,69238,108],{"class":63},[49,69240,69241],{"class":94},"removed",[49,69243,272],{"class":63},[49,69245,69246,69248,69250,69252],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69247,105],{"class":104},[49,69249,108],{"class":63},[49,69251,16924],{"class":94},[49,69253,272],{"class":63},[20,69255,275],{},[40,69257,69259],{"className":42,"code":69258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69260,69261,69266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69262,69263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69264,69265],{"class":55},"blue\n",[49,69267,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69269,938],{"class":63},[49,69271,2734],{"class":346},[49,69273,12512],{"class":350},[49,69275,2734],{"class":346},[49,69277,71],{"class":63},[49,69279,2729],{"class":346},[49,69281,16877],{"class":350},[49,69283,2734],{"class":346},[49,69285,82],{"class":63},[35,69287,164],{"id":163},[40,69289,69291],{"className":42,"code":69290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69292,69293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69294,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69296,7526],{"class":1174},[49,69298,91],{"class":63},[49,69300,25664],{"class":94},[49,69302,2418],{"class":63},[49,69304,35268],{"class":94},[49,69306,3319],{"class":63},[20,69308,1409,69309,69311],{},[15,69310,35268],{}," is optional.",[137,69313,69314,69320,69326],{},[140,69315,69316,69317,69319],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69318,1328],{}," removes the last item",[140,69321,69322,69323,69325],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69324,1328],{}," removes the item at that position",[140,69327,69328],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69330,761],{},[40,69332,69334],{"className":42,"code":69333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69335,69336,69368,69372,69391,69395,69405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69337,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69339,35513],{"class":55},[49,69341,60],{"class":59},[49,69343,64],{"class":63},[49,69345,347],{"class":346},[49,69347,308],{"class":350},[49,69349,347],{"class":346},[49,69351,71],{"class":63},[49,69353,357],{"class":346},[49,69355,360],{"class":350},[49,69357,347],{"class":346},[49,69359,71],{"class":63},[49,69361,357],{"class":346},[49,69363,369],{"class":350},[49,69365,347],{"class":346},[49,69367,82],{"class":63},[49,69369,69370],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69371,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69373,69374,69376,69378,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69375,27961],{"class":55},[49,69377,60],{"class":59},[49,69379,69380],{"class":55}," letters",[49,69382,91],{"class":63},[49,69384,25664],{"class":94},[49,69386,108],{"class":63},[49,69388,68],{"class":67},[49,69390,272],{"class":63},[49,69392,69393],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69394,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69396,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69398,105],{"class":104},[49,69400,108],{"class":63},[49,69402,22733],{"class":94},[49,69404,272],{"class":63},[49,69406,69407,69409,69411,69413],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69408,105],{"class":104},[49,69410,108],{"class":63},[49,69412,35566],{"class":94},[49,69414,272],{"class":63},[20,69416,275],{},[40,69418,69420],{"className":42,"code":69419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69421,69422,69427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69423,69424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69425,69426],{"class":55},"b\n",[49,69428,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69430,938],{"class":63},[49,69432,2734],{"class":346},[49,69434,308],{"class":350},[49,69436,2734],{"class":346},[49,69438,71],{"class":63},[49,69440,2729],{"class":346},[49,69442,369],{"class":350},[49,69444,2734],{"class":346},[49,69446,82],{"class":63},[20,69448,69449,69450,91],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[308,69451,311],{"href":50404},[35,69453,69455],{"id":69454},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69457,69458,69459,69461],{},"When you call ",[15,69460,1328],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[40,69463,69465],{"className":42,"code":69464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69466,69467,69502,69506,69521,69525,69536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69468,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477,69480,69482,69484,69486,69489,69491,69493,69495,69498,69500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69470,29321],{"class":55},[49,69472,60],{"class":59},[49,69474,64],{"class":63},[49,69476,347],{"class":346},[49,69478,69479],{"class":350},"write",[49,69481,347],{"class":346},[49,69483,71],{"class":63},[49,69485,357],{"class":346},[49,69487,69488],{"class":350},"test",[49,69490,347],{"class":346},[49,69492,71],{"class":63},[49,69494,357],{"class":346},[49,69496,69497],{"class":350},"submit",[49,69499,347],{"class":346},[49,69501,82],{"class":63},[49,69503,69504],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69505,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69507,69508,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69509,69510],{"class":55},"last_task ",[49,69512,60],{"class":59},[49,69514,29399],{"class":55},[49,69516,91],{"class":63},[49,69518,25664],{"class":94},[49,69520,98],{"class":63},[49,69522,69523],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69524,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69526,69527,69529,69531,69534],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69528,105],{"class":104},[49,69530,108],{"class":63},[49,69532,69533],{"class":94},"last_task",[49,69535,272],{"class":63},[49,69537,69538,69540,69542,69544],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69539,105],{"class":104},[49,69541,108],{"class":63},[49,69543,35928],{"class":94},[49,69545,272],{"class":63},[20,69547,275],{},[40,69549,69551],{"className":42,"code":69550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69552,69553,69558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69554,69555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69556,69557],{"class":55},"submit\n",[49,69559,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69561,938],{"class":63},[49,69563,2734],{"class":346},[49,69565,69479],{"class":350},[49,69567,2734],{"class":346},[49,69569,71],{"class":63},[49,69571,2729],{"class":346},[49,69573,69488],{"class":350},[49,69575,2734],{"class":346},[49,69577,82],{"class":63},[20,69579,69580],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[35,69582,69584],{"id":69583},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69586,69587],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[40,69589,69591],{"className":42,"code":69590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69592,69593,69633,69637,69655,69659,69669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69594,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69596,35661],{"class":55},[49,69598,60],{"class":59},[49,69600,64],{"class":63},[49,69602,347],{"class":346},[49,69604,3510],{"class":350},[49,69606,347],{"class":346},[49,69608,71],{"class":63},[49,69610,357],{"class":346},[49,69612,3519],{"class":350},[49,69614,347],{"class":346},[49,69616,71],{"class":63},[49,69618,357],{"class":346},[49,69620,3528],{"class":350},[49,69622,347],{"class":346},[49,69624,71],{"class":63},[49,69626,357],{"class":346},[49,69628,32644],{"class":350},[49,69630,347],{"class":346},[49,69632,82],{"class":63},[49,69634,69635],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69636,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69638,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69640,69218],{"class":55},[49,69642,60],{"class":59},[49,69644,52275],{"class":55},[49,69646,91],{"class":63},[49,69648,25664],{"class":94},[49,69650,108],{"class":63},[49,69652,68],{"class":67},[49,69654,272],{"class":63},[49,69656,69657],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69658,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69660,69661,69663,69665,69667],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69662,105],{"class":104},[49,69664,108],{"class":63},[49,69666,69241],{"class":94},[49,69668,272],{"class":63},[49,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69672,105],{"class":104},[49,69674,108],{"class":63},[49,69676,35713],{"class":94},[49,69678,272],{"class":63},[20,69680,275],{},[40,69682,69684],{"className":42,"code":69683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69685,69686,69691],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69687,69688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69689,69690],{"class":55},"banana\n",[49,69692,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69694,938],{"class":63},[49,69696,2734],{"class":346},[49,69698,3510],{"class":350},[49,69700,2734],{"class":346},[49,69702,71],{"class":63},[49,69704,2729],{"class":346},[49,69706,3528],{"class":350},[49,69708,2734],{"class":346},[49,69710,71],{"class":63},[49,69712,2729],{"class":346},[49,69714,32644],{"class":350},[49,69716,2734],{"class":346},[49,69718,82],{"class":63},[20,69720,69721],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[40,69723,69725],{"className":42,"code":69724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69726,69727,69759,69763,69783,69787,69797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69728,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69730,35661],{"class":55},[49,69732,60],{"class":59},[49,69734,64],{"class":63},[49,69736,347],{"class":346},[49,69738,3510],{"class":350},[49,69740,347],{"class":346},[49,69742,71],{"class":63},[49,69744,357],{"class":346},[49,69746,3519],{"class":350},[49,69748,347],{"class":346},[49,69750,71],{"class":63},[49,69752,357],{"class":346},[49,69754,3528],{"class":350},[49,69756,347],{"class":346},[49,69758,82],{"class":63},[49,69760,69761],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69762,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69764,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69766,69218],{"class":55},[49,69768,60],{"class":59},[49,69770,52275],{"class":55},[49,69772,91],{"class":63},[49,69774,25664],{"class":94},[49,69776,108],{"class":63},[49,69778,1453],{"class":59},[49,69780,68],{"class":67},[49,69782,272],{"class":63},[49,69784,69785],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69786,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69788,69789,69791,69793,69795],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69790,105],{"class":104},[49,69792,108],{"class":63},[49,69794,69241],{"class":94},[49,69796,272],{"class":63},[49,69798,69799,69801,69803,69805],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69800,105],{"class":104},[49,69802,108],{"class":63},[49,69804,35713],{"class":94},[49,69806,272],{"class":63},[20,69808,275],{},[40,69810,69812],{"className":42,"code":69811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69813,69814,69819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69815,69816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69817,69818],{"class":55},"cherry\n",[49,69820,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69822,938],{"class":63},[49,69824,2734],{"class":346},[49,69826,3510],{"class":350},[49,69828,2734],{"class":346},[49,69830,71],{"class":63},[49,69832,2729],{"class":346},[49,69834,3519],{"class":350},[49,69836,2734],{"class":346},[49,69838,82],{"class":63},[20,69840,69841,69842,69844],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69843,65138],{}," means the last item.",[20,69846,69847,69848,91],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[308,69849,69850,736],{"href":58247},[15,69851,64149],{},[35,69853,69855],{"id":69854},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69857,69858,69860],{},[15,69859,1328],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69862,69863,69864,618,69866,91],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69865,1328],{},[308,69867,69868],{"href":849},[15,69869,1335],{},[20,69871,761],{},[40,69873,69875],{"className":42,"code":69874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69876,69877,69909,69913,69932,69936,69947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69878,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69880,4425],{"class":55},[49,69882,60],{"class":59},[49,69884,64],{"class":63},[49,69886,347],{"class":346},[49,69888,12299],{"class":350},[49,69890,347],{"class":346},[49,69892,71],{"class":63},[49,69894,357],{"class":346},[49,69896,35363],{"class":350},[49,69898,347],{"class":346},[49,69900,71],{"class":63},[49,69902,357],{"class":346},[49,69904,35372],{"class":350},[49,69906,347],{"class":346},[49,69908,82],{"class":63},[49,69910,69911],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69912,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69914,69915,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,69916,69917],{"class":55},"removed_name ",[49,69919,60],{"class":59},[49,69921,68860],{"class":55},[49,69923,91],{"class":63},[49,69925,25664],{"class":94},[49,69927,108],{"class":63},[49,69929,1552],{"class":67},[49,69931,272],{"class":63},[49,69933,69934],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,69935,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,69937,69938,69940,69942,69945],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,69939,105],{"class":104},[49,69941,108],{"class":63},[49,69943,69944],{"class":94},"removed_name",[49,69946,272],{"class":63},[49,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,69950,105],{"class":104},[49,69952,108],{"class":63},[49,69954,4469],{"class":94},[49,69956,272],{"class":63},[20,69958,275],{},[40,69960,69962],{"className":42,"code":69961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,69963,69964,69968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69965,69966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69967,49465],{"class":55},[49,69969,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,69971,938],{"class":63},[49,69973,2734],{"class":346},[49,69975,35363],{"class":350},[49,69977,2734],{"class":346},[49,69979,71],{"class":63},[49,69981,2729],{"class":346},[49,69983,35372],{"class":350},[49,69985,2734],{"class":346},[49,69987,82],{"class":63},[20,69989,69990],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,69992,69993,69994,69996,69997,91],{},"By comparison, ",[15,69995,1335],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,69998,323],{},[35,70000,70002],{"id":70001},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[528,70004,70006],{"id":70005},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70008,70009,70010,70012,70013,91],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70011,1328],{}," raises an ",[15,70014,70015],{},"IndexError",[40,70017,70019],{"className":42,"code":70018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70020,70021,70029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70022,70023,70025,70027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70024,56],{"class":55},[49,70026,60],{"class":59},[49,70028,526],{"class":63},[49,70030,70031,70033,70035,70037],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70032,88],{"class":55},[49,70034,91],{"class":63},[49,70036,25664],{"class":94},[49,70038,98],{"class":63},[20,70040,275],{},[40,70042,70044],{"className":42,"code":70043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70045,70046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70047,70048,70050,70052,70055,70058,70061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70049,70015],{"class":1174},[49,70051,135],{"class":63},[49,70053,70054],{"class":55}," pop ",[49,70056,70057],{"class":3306},"from",[49,70059,70060],{"class":55}," empty ",[49,70062,49311],{"class":1174},[20,70064,38685],{},[137,70066,70067,70072],{},[140,70068,70069,70070],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70071,1328],{},[140,70073,70074,70075,618,70077],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70076,29227],{},[15,70078,29258],{},[20,70080,761],{},[40,70082,70084],{"className":42,"code":70083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70085,70086,70094,70098,70106,70120,70126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70087,70088,70090,70092],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70089,56],{"class":55},[49,70091,60],{"class":59},[49,70093,526],{"class":63},[49,70095,70096],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70097,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,70099,70100,70102,70104],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70101,6431],{"class":3306},[49,70103,387],{"class":55},[49,70105,5826],{"class":63},[49,70107,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70109,7501],{"class":104},[49,70111,108],{"class":63},[49,70113,88],{"class":94},[49,70115,91],{"class":63},[49,70117,25664],{"class":94},[49,70119,6628],{"class":63},[49,70121,70122,70124],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,70123,26857],{"class":3306},[49,70125,5826],{"class":63},[49,70127,70128,70130,70132,70134,70137,70139],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,70129,7501],{"class":104},[49,70131,108],{"class":63},[49,70133,347],{"class":346},[49,70135,70136],{"class":350},"The list is empty.",[49,70138,347],{"class":346},[49,70140,272],{"class":63},[528,70142,70144],{"id":70143},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70146,70147,70148,91],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70149,70015],{},[40,70151,70153],{"className":42,"code":70152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70154,70155,70175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70156,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70158,214],{"class":55},[49,70160,60],{"class":59},[49,70162,64],{"class":63},[49,70164,221],{"class":67},[49,70166,71],{"class":63},[49,70168,226],{"class":67},[49,70170,71],{"class":63},[49,70172,231],{"class":67},[49,70174,82],{"class":63},[49,70176,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70178,249],{"class":55},[49,70180,91],{"class":63},[49,70182,25664],{"class":94},[49,70184,108],{"class":63},[49,70186,1569],{"class":67},[49,70188,272],{"class":63},[20,70190,275],{},[40,70192,70194],{"className":42,"code":70193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70195,70196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70197,70198,70200,70202,70205],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70199,70015],{"class":1174},[49,70201,135],{"class":63},[49,70203,70204],{"class":55}," pop index out of ",[49,70206,70207],{"class":104},"range\n",[20,70209,38685],{},[137,70211,70212,70217],{},[140,70213,70214,70215],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70216,41784],{},[140,70218,70219],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[40,70221,70223],{"className":42,"code":70222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70224,70225,70245,70254,70258,70280,70298,70304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70226,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70228,214],{"class":55},[49,70230,60],{"class":59},[49,70232,64],{"class":63},[49,70234,221],{"class":67},[49,70236,71],{"class":63},[49,70238,226],{"class":67},[49,70240,71],{"class":63},[49,70242,231],{"class":67},[49,70244,82],{"class":63},[49,70246,70247,70250,70252],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70248,70249],{"class":55},"index ",[49,70251,60],{"class":59},[49,70253,45013],{"class":67},[49,70255,70256],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70257,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,70259,70260,70262,70264,70267,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70261,6431],{"class":3306},[49,70263,3263],{"class":67},[49,70265,70266],{"class":59}," \u003C=",[49,70268,70269],{"class":55}," index ",[49,70271,2723],{"class":59},[49,70273,37809],{"class":104},[49,70275,108],{"class":63},[49,70277,249],{"class":94},[49,70279,7773],{"class":63},[49,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,70283,7501],{"class":104},[49,70285,108],{"class":63},[49,70287,249],{"class":94},[49,70289,91],{"class":63},[49,70291,25664],{"class":94},[49,70293,108],{"class":63},[49,70295,35268],{"class":94},[49,70297,1182],{"class":63},[49,70299,70300,70302],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,70301,26857],{"class":3306},[49,70303,5826],{"class":63},[49,70305,70306,70308,70310,70312,70315,70317],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,70307,7501],{"class":104},[49,70309,108],{"class":63},[49,70311,347],{"class":346},[49,70313,70314],{"class":350},"Index is out of range.",[49,70316,347],{"class":346},[49,70318,272],{"class":63},[20,70320,70321,70322,91],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[308,70323,68543],{"href":68542},[528,70325,70327],{"id":70326},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70329,70330,70332],{},[15,70331,1328],{}," expects an integer index.",[40,70334,70336],{"className":42,"code":70335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70337,70338,70358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70339,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70341,214],{"class":55},[49,70343,60],{"class":59},[49,70345,64],{"class":63},[49,70347,221],{"class":67},[49,70349,71],{"class":63},[49,70351,226],{"class":67},[49,70353,71],{"class":63},[49,70355,231],{"class":67},[49,70357,82],{"class":63},[49,70359,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70361,249],{"class":55},[49,70363,91],{"class":63},[49,70365,25664],{"class":94},[49,70367,108],{"class":63},[49,70369,347],{"class":346},[49,70371,68],{"class":350},[49,70373,347],{"class":346},[49,70375,272],{"class":63},[20,70377,275],{},[40,70379,70381],{"className":42,"code":70380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70382,70383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70400,70403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70386,2437],{"class":1174},[49,70388,135],{"class":63},[49,70390,2729],{"class":346},[49,70392,2877],{"class":350},[49,70394,2734],{"class":346},[49,70396,24040],{"class":1174},[49,70398,70399],{"class":55}," cannot be interpreted ",[49,70401,70402],{"class":3306},"as",[49,70404,70405],{"class":55}," an integer\n",[20,70407,38685],{},[137,70409,70410,70419],{},[140,70411,70412,70413,1622,70415,1626,70417],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70414,1552],{},[15,70416,68],{},[15,70418,65138],{},[140,70420,70421],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[40,70423,70425],{"className":42,"code":70424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70426,70427,70447,70465,70469,70487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70428,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70430,214],{"class":55},[49,70432,60],{"class":59},[49,70434,64],{"class":63},[49,70436,221],{"class":67},[49,70438,71],{"class":63},[49,70440,226],{"class":67},[49,70442,71],{"class":63},[49,70444,231],{"class":67},[49,70446,82],{"class":63},[49,70448,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70450,70249],{"class":55},[49,70452,60],{"class":59},[49,70454,44700],{"class":1174},[49,70456,108],{"class":63},[49,70458,347],{"class":346},[49,70460,68],{"class":350},[49,70462,347],{"class":346},[49,70464,272],{"class":63},[49,70466,70467],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70468,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,70470,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70472,105],{"class":104},[49,70474,108],{"class":63},[49,70476,249],{"class":94},[49,70478,91],{"class":63},[49,70480,25664],{"class":94},[49,70482,108],{"class":63},[49,70484,35268],{"class":94},[49,70486,1182],{"class":63},[49,70488,70489,70491,70493,70495],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,70490,105],{"class":104},[49,70492,108],{"class":63},[49,70494,249],{"class":94},[49,70496,272],{"class":63},[20,70498,275],{},[40,70500,70502],{"className":42,"code":70501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70503,70504,70509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70505,70506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70507,70508],{"class":67},"20\n",[49,70510,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70512,938],{"class":63},[49,70514,221],{"class":67},[49,70516,71],{"class":63},[49,70518,231],{"class":67},[49,70520,82],{"class":63},[35,70522,70524],{"id":70523},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70526,70527],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[528,70529,120,70531,10033],{"id":70530},"use-pop-when",[15,70532,1328],{},[137,70534,70535,70538,70541],{},[140,70536,70537],{},"you want to remove by index",[140,70539,70540],{},"you want the removed item returned",[140,70542,70543],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[528,70545,120,70547,10033],{"id":70546},"use-remove-when",[15,70548,1335],{},[137,70550,70551,70554],{},[140,70552,70553],{},"you want to remove by value",[140,70555,70556],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70558,70559],{},"Compare these examples:",[40,70561,70563],{"className":42,"code":70562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70564,70565,70589,70593,70611,70621],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70566,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70568,214],{"class":55},[49,70570,60],{"class":59},[49,70572,64],{"class":63},[49,70574,221],{"class":67},[49,70576,71],{"class":63},[49,70578,226],{"class":67},[49,70580,71],{"class":63},[49,70582,231],{"class":67},[49,70584,71],{"class":63},[49,70586,226],{"class":67},[49,70588,82],{"class":63},[49,70590,70591],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70592,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,70594,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70596,69218],{"class":55},[49,70598,60],{"class":59},[49,70600,3695],{"class":55},[49,70602,91],{"class":63},[49,70604,25664],{"class":94},[49,70606,108],{"class":63},[49,70608,68],{"class":67},[49,70610,272],{"class":63},[49,70612,70613,70615,70617,70619],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70614,105],{"class":104},[49,70616,108],{"class":63},[49,70618,69241],{"class":94},[49,70620,272],{"class":63},[49,70622,70623,70625,70627,70629],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,70624,105],{"class":104},[49,70626,108],{"class":63},[49,70628,249],{"class":94},[49,70630,272],{"class":63},[20,70632,275],{},[40,70634,70636],{"className":42,"code":70635,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70637,70638,70642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70639,70640],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70641,70508],{"class":67},[49,70643,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70645,938],{"class":63},[49,70647,221],{"class":67},[49,70649,71],{"class":63},[49,70651,231],{"class":67},[49,70653,71],{"class":63},[49,70655,226],{"class":67},[49,70657,82],{"class":63},[40,70659,70661],{"className":42,"code":70660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70662,70663,70687,70691,70705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70664,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70666,214],{"class":55},[49,70668,60],{"class":59},[49,70670,64],{"class":63},[49,70672,221],{"class":67},[49,70674,71],{"class":63},[49,70676,226],{"class":67},[49,70678,71],{"class":63},[49,70680,231],{"class":67},[49,70682,71],{"class":63},[49,70684,226],{"class":67},[49,70686,82],{"class":63},[49,70688,70689],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70690,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,70692,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70694,249],{"class":55},[49,70696,91],{"class":63},[49,70698,34215],{"class":94},[49,70700,108],{"class":63},[49,70702,15176],{"class":67},[49,70704,272],{"class":63},[49,70706,70707,70709,70711,70713],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70708,105],{"class":104},[49,70710,108],{"class":63},[49,70712,249],{"class":94},[49,70714,272],{"class":63},[20,70716,275],{},[40,70718,70720],{"className":42,"code":70719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70721,70722],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70723,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70725,938],{"class":63},[49,70727,221],{"class":67},[49,70729,71],{"class":63},[49,70731,231],{"class":67},[49,70733,71],{"class":63},[49,70735,226],{"class":67},[49,70737,82],{"class":63},[20,70739,70740,70741,70744,70745,91],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70742,70743],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70746,68],{},[20,70748,55886,70749,70752,70753,91],{},[15,70750,70751],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70754,15176],{},[20,70756,70757,70758,91],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[308,70759,845],{"href":844},[35,70761,2261],{"id":2260},[20,70763,70764,70765,135],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70766,1328],{},[137,70768,70769,70772,70775,70781,70785],{},[140,70770,70771],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[140,70773,70774],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[140,70776,36627,70777,8135,70779],{},[15,70778,1328],{},[15,70780,1335],{},[140,70782,1011,70783,61255],{},[15,70784,1328],{},[140,70786,70787],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70789,70790],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[40,70792,70794],{"className":42,"code":70793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70795,70796,70806,70820,70834,70852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70797,70798,70800,70802,70804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70799,105],{"class":104},[49,70801,108],{"class":63},[49,70803,177],{"class":94},[49,70805,272],{"class":63},[49,70807,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,70809,105],{"class":104},[49,70811,108],{"class":63},[49,70813,10592],{"class":104},[49,70815,108],{"class":63},[49,70817,177],{"class":94},[49,70819,1182],{"class":63},[49,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,70823,105],{"class":104},[49,70825,108],{"class":63},[49,70827,177],{"class":94},[49,70829,91],{"class":63},[49,70831,25664],{"class":94},[49,70833,6628],{"class":63},[49,70835,70836,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,70837,105],{"class":104},[49,70839,108],{"class":63},[49,70841,177],{"class":94},[49,70843,91],{"class":63},[49,70845,25664],{"class":94},[49,70847,108],{"class":63},[49,70849,1552],{"class":67},[49,70851,1182],{"class":63},[49,70853,70854,70856,70858,70860,70862,70864],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,70855,105],{"class":104},[49,70857,108],{"class":63},[49,70859,1175],{"class":1174},[49,70861,108],{"class":63},[49,70863,35268],{"class":94},[49,70865,1182],{"class":63},[20,70867,70868],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[137,70870,70871,70877],{},[140,70872,70873,70876],{},[15,70874,70875],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[140,70878,70879,70882],{},[15,70880,70881],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70884,70885,70886,70889],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70887,70888],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[35,70891,1253],{"id":1252},[528,70893,70895],{"id":70894},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70897,70898,70899,70901],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70900,1328],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[528,70903,70905],{"id":70904},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,70907,70908,70910,70911,70913,70914,91],{},[15,70909,1328],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,70912,1335],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,70915,323],{},[528,70917,70919],{"id":70918},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,70921,70922,70923,70926],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,70924,70925],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[528,70928,70930],{"id":70929},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,70932,70933,70934,70936],{},"Python raises ",[15,70935,70015],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[35,70938,1309],{"id":1308},[137,70940,70941,70945,70950,70955,70960],{},[140,70942,70943],{},[308,70944,1320],{"href":844},[140,70946,70947],{},[308,70948,70949],{"href":849},"Python list remove() method",[140,70951,70952],{},[308,70953,70954],{"href":58247},"Python list index() method",[140,70956,70957],{},[308,70958,70959],{"href":50404},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[140,70961,70962],{},[308,70963,68543],{"href":68542},[1352,70965,70966],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":70968},[70969,70970,70971,70972,70973,70974,70975,70980,70986,70987,70993],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":69144,"depth":85,"text":69145},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":69454,"depth":85,"text":69455},{"id":69583,"depth":85,"text":69584},{"id":69854,"depth":85,"text":69855},{"id":70001,"depth":85,"text":70002,"children":70976},[70977,70978,70979],{"id":70005,"depth":101,"text":70006},{"id":70143,"depth":101,"text":70144},{"id":70326,"depth":101,"text":70327},{"id":70523,"depth":85,"text":70524,"children":70981},[70982,70984],{"id":70530,"depth":101,"text":70983},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70546,"depth":101,"text":70985},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":70988},[70989,70990,70991,70992],{"id":70894,"depth":101,"text":70895},{"id":70904,"depth":101,"text":70905},{"id":70918,"depth":101,"text":70919},{"id":70929,"depth":101,"text":70930},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69011,"description":70994},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71001,"title":71002,"body":71003,"description":72789,"extension":1392,"meta":72790,"navigation":243,"path":72791,"seo":72792,"stem":72793,"__hash__":72794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71004,"toc":72771},[71005,71008,71013,71019,71021,71091,71097,71101,71106,71127,71130,71197,71199,71220,71228,71230,71249,71265,71267,71332,71334,71359,71361,71363,71428,71430,71455,71457,71471,71474,71527,71529,71550,71554,71562,71635,71637,71670,71676,71682,71773,71775,71800,71806,71895,71897,71921,71923,71927,71982,71984,72016,72019,72022,72116,72118,72151,72157,72163,72167,72174,72200,72204,72269,72271,72296,72300,72381,72383,72412,72417,72422,72428,72432,72439,72461,72465,72524,72526,72550,72559,72564,72566,72570,72599,72601,72676,72679,72693,72699,72701,72705,72708,72712,72717,72721,72730,72734,72742,72744,72768],[10,71006,71002],{"id":71007},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71009,1409,71010,71012],{},[15,71011,852],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71014,71015,71016,71018],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71017,1904],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[35,71020,1434],{"id":1433},[40,71022,71024],{"className":42,"code":71023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71025,71026,71058,71076,71086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71029,56],{"class":55},[49,71031,60],{"class":59},[49,71033,64],{"class":63},[49,71035,347],{"class":346},[49,71037,3510],{"class":350},[49,71039,347],{"class":346},[49,71041,71],{"class":63},[49,71043,357],{"class":346},[49,71045,3519],{"class":350},[49,71047,347],{"class":346},[49,71049,71],{"class":63},[49,71051,357],{"class":346},[49,71053,32644],{"class":350},[49,71055,347],{"class":346},[49,71057,82],{"class":63},[49,71059,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71061,88],{"class":55},[49,71063,91],{"class":63},[49,71065,34215],{"class":94},[49,71067,108],{"class":63},[49,71069,347],{"class":346},[49,71071,3519],{"class":350},[49,71073,347],{"class":346},[49,71075,272],{"class":63},[49,71077,71078,71080,71082,71084],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71079,105],{"class":104},[49,71081,108],{"class":63},[49,71083,88],{"class":94},[49,71085,272],{"class":63},[49,71087,71088],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,71089,71090],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71092,120,71093,71096],{},[15,71094,71095],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[35,71098,71100],{"id":71099},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71102,71103,71105],{},[15,71104,1335],{}," is a list method that:",[137,71107,71108,71114,71119,71124],{},[140,71109,71110,71111,71113],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71112,29332],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[140,71115,71116,71117],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71118,32],{},[140,71120,1257,71121,71123],{},[30,71122,329],{}," return a new list",[140,71125,71126],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71128,71129],{},"This is important for beginners:",[40,71131,71133],{"className":42,"code":71132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71134,71135,71155,71173,71177,71187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71138,214],{"class":55},[49,71140,60],{"class":59},[49,71142,64],{"class":63},[49,71144,68],{"class":67},[49,71146,71],{"class":63},[49,71148,74],{"class":67},[49,71150,71],{"class":63},[49,71152,79],{"class":67},[49,71154,82],{"class":63},[49,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71158,382],{"class":55},[49,71160,60],{"class":59},[49,71162,3695],{"class":55},[49,71164,91],{"class":63},[49,71166,34215],{"class":94},[49,71168,108],{"class":63},[49,71170,1488],{"class":67},[49,71172,272],{"class":63},[49,71174,71175],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71176,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,71178,71179,71181,71183,71185],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,71180,105],{"class":104},[49,71182,108],{"class":63},[49,71184,249],{"class":94},[49,71186,272],{"class":63},[49,71188,71189,71191,71193,71195],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,71190,105],{"class":104},[49,71192,108],{"class":63},[49,71194,420],{"class":94},[49,71196,272],{"class":63},[20,71198,275],{},[40,71200,71202],{"className":42,"code":71201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71203,71204,71216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71205,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71207,938],{"class":63},[49,71209,68],{"class":67},[49,71211,71],{"class":63},[49,71213,79],{"class":67},[49,71215,82],{"class":63},[49,71217,71218],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71219,11232],{"class":3281},[20,71221,71222,71223,71225,71226,91],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71224,1335],{}," itself returned ",[15,71227,323],{},[35,71229,4863],{"id":4862},[40,71231,71233],{"className":42,"code":71232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71234,71235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71236,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71238,7526],{"class":1174},[49,71240,91],{"class":63},[49,71242,34215],{"class":94},[49,71244,108],{"class":63},[49,71246,1904],{"class":94},[49,71248,272],{"class":63},[137,71250,71251,71256,71259],{},[140,71252,71253,71255],{},[15,71254,1904],{}," is the item you want to delete",[140,71257,71258],{},"Python searches from left to right",[140,71260,71261,71262,71264],{},"Only the ",[30,71263,29332],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71266,761],{},[40,71268,71270],{"className":42,"code":71269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71271,71272,71304,71322],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71273,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300,71302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71275,35513],{"class":55},[49,71277,60],{"class":59},[49,71279,64],{"class":63},[49,71281,347],{"class":346},[49,71283,308],{"class":350},[49,71285,347],{"class":346},[49,71287,71],{"class":63},[49,71289,357],{"class":346},[49,71291,360],{"class":350},[49,71293,347],{"class":346},[49,71295,71],{"class":63},[49,71297,357],{"class":346},[49,71299,369],{"class":350},[49,71301,347],{"class":346},[49,71303,82],{"class":63},[49,71305,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71307,35566],{"class":55},[49,71309,91],{"class":63},[49,71311,34215],{"class":94},[49,71313,108],{"class":63},[49,71315,347],{"class":346},[49,71317,360],{"class":350},[49,71319,347],{"class":346},[49,71321,272],{"class":63},[49,71323,71324,71326,71328,71330],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71325,105],{"class":104},[49,71327,108],{"class":63},[49,71329,35566],{"class":94},[49,71331,272],{"class":63},[20,71333,275],{},[40,71335,71337],{"className":42,"code":71336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71338,71339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71340,71341,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71342,938],{"class":63},[49,71344,2734],{"class":346},[49,71346,308],{"class":350},[49,71348,2734],{"class":346},[49,71350,71],{"class":63},[49,71352,2729],{"class":346},[49,71354,369],{"class":350},[49,71356,2734],{"class":346},[49,71358,82],{"class":63},[35,71360,5220],{"id":5219},[20,71362,64458],{},[40,71364,71366],{"className":42,"code":71365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71367,71368,71400,71418],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71369,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71371,12495],{"class":55},[49,71373,60],{"class":59},[49,71375,64],{"class":63},[49,71377,347],{"class":346},[49,71379,12512],{"class":350},[49,71381,347],{"class":346},[49,71383,71],{"class":63},[49,71385,357],{"class":346},[49,71387,12529],{"class":350},[49,71389,347],{"class":346},[49,71391,71],{"class":63},[49,71393,357],{"class":346},[49,71395,16877],{"class":350},[49,71397,347],{"class":346},[49,71399,82],{"class":63},[49,71401,71402,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71403,16924],{"class":55},[49,71405,91],{"class":63},[49,71407,34215],{"class":94},[49,71409,108],{"class":63},[49,71411,347],{"class":346},[49,71413,12529],{"class":350},[49,71415,347],{"class":346},[49,71417,272],{"class":63},[49,71419,71420,71422,71424,71426],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71421,105],{"class":104},[49,71423,108],{"class":63},[49,71425,16924],{"class":94},[49,71427,272],{"class":63},[20,71429,275],{},[40,71431,71433],{"className":42,"code":71432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71434,71435],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71436,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71438,938],{"class":63},[49,71440,2734],{"class":346},[49,71442,12512],{"class":350},[49,71444,2734],{"class":346},[49,71446,71],{"class":63},[49,71448,2729],{"class":346},[49,71450,16877],{"class":350},[49,71452,2734],{"class":346},[49,71454,82],{"class":63},[20,71456,287],{},[137,71458,71459,71462,71468],{},[140,71460,71461],{},"A list is created with three values",[140,71463,71464,71467],{},[15,71465,71466],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[140,71469,71470],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71472,71473],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[40,71475,71477],{"className":42,"code":71476,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71478,71479,71503,71517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71480,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71482,4494],{"class":55},[49,71484,60],{"class":59},[49,71486,64],{"class":63},[49,71488,221],{"class":67},[49,71490,71],{"class":63},[49,71492,226],{"class":67},[49,71494,71],{"class":63},[49,71496,231],{"class":67},[49,71498,71],{"class":63},[49,71500,236],{"class":67},[49,71502,82],{"class":63},[49,71504,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71506,15811],{"class":55},[49,71508,91],{"class":63},[49,71510,34215],{"class":94},[49,71512,108],{"class":63},[49,71514,36264],{"class":67},[49,71516,272],{"class":63},[49,71518,71519,71521,71523,71525],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71520,105],{"class":104},[49,71522,108],{"class":63},[49,71524,15811],{"class":94},[49,71526,272],{"class":63},[20,71528,275],{},[40,71530,71532],{"className":42,"code":71531,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71533,71534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71535,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71537,938],{"class":63},[49,71539,221],{"class":67},[49,71541,71],{"class":63},[49,71543,226],{"class":67},[49,71545,71],{"class":63},[49,71547,236],{"class":67},[49,71549,82],{"class":63},[35,71551,71553],{"id":71552},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71555,64448,71556,71558,71559,71561],{},[15,71557,1335],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71560,29332],{}," one.",[40,71563,71565],{"className":42,"code":71564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71566,71567,71607,71625],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71568,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71570,56],{"class":55},[49,71572,60],{"class":59},[49,71574,64],{"class":63},[49,71576,347],{"class":346},[49,71578,3510],{"class":350},[49,71580,347],{"class":346},[49,71582,71],{"class":63},[49,71584,357],{"class":346},[49,71586,3519],{"class":350},[49,71588,347],{"class":346},[49,71590,71],{"class":63},[49,71592,357],{"class":346},[49,71594,3510],{"class":350},[49,71596,347],{"class":346},[49,71598,71],{"class":63},[49,71600,357],{"class":346},[49,71602,32644],{"class":350},[49,71604,347],{"class":346},[49,71606,82],{"class":63},[49,71608,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71610,88],{"class":55},[49,71612,91],{"class":63},[49,71614,34215],{"class":94},[49,71616,108],{"class":63},[49,71618,347],{"class":346},[49,71620,3510],{"class":350},[49,71622,347],{"class":346},[49,71624,272],{"class":63},[49,71626,71627,71629,71631,71633],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71628,105],{"class":104},[49,71630,108],{"class":63},[49,71632,88],{"class":94},[49,71634,272],{"class":63},[20,71636,275],{},[40,71638,71640],{"className":42,"code":71639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71641,71642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71643,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71645,938],{"class":63},[49,71647,2734],{"class":346},[49,71649,3519],{"class":350},[49,71651,2734],{"class":346},[49,71653,71],{"class":63},[49,71655,2729],{"class":346},[49,71657,3510],{"class":350},[49,71659,2734],{"class":346},[49,71661,71],{"class":63},[49,71663,2729],{"class":346},[49,71665,32644],{"class":350},[49,71667,2734],{"class":346},[49,71669,82],{"class":63},[20,71671,71672,71673,71675],{},"Only the first ",[15,71674,57115],{}," was removed.",[20,71677,71678,71679,71681],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71680,1335],{}," again:",[40,71683,71685],{"className":42,"code":71684,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71686,71687,71727,71745,71763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71688,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71690,56],{"class":55},[49,71692,60],{"class":59},[49,71694,64],{"class":63},[49,71696,347],{"class":346},[49,71698,3510],{"class":350},[49,71700,347],{"class":346},[49,71702,71],{"class":63},[49,71704,357],{"class":346},[49,71706,3519],{"class":350},[49,71708,347],{"class":346},[49,71710,71],{"class":63},[49,71712,357],{"class":346},[49,71714,3510],{"class":350},[49,71716,347],{"class":346},[49,71718,71],{"class":63},[49,71720,357],{"class":346},[49,71722,32644],{"class":350},[49,71724,347],{"class":346},[49,71726,82],{"class":63},[49,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71730,88],{"class":55},[49,71732,91],{"class":63},[49,71734,34215],{"class":94},[49,71736,108],{"class":63},[49,71738,347],{"class":346},[49,71740,3510],{"class":350},[49,71742,347],{"class":346},[49,71744,272],{"class":63},[49,71746,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71748,88],{"class":55},[49,71750,91],{"class":63},[49,71752,34215],{"class":94},[49,71754,108],{"class":63},[49,71756,347],{"class":346},[49,71758,3510],{"class":350},[49,71760,347],{"class":346},[49,71762,272],{"class":63},[49,71764,71765,71767,71769,71771],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,71766,105],{"class":104},[49,71768,108],{"class":63},[49,71770,88],{"class":94},[49,71772,272],{"class":63},[20,71774,275],{},[40,71776,71778],{"className":42,"code":71777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71779,71780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71781,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71783,938],{"class":63},[49,71785,2734],{"class":346},[49,71787,3519],{"class":350},[49,71789,2734],{"class":346},[49,71791,71],{"class":63},[49,71793,2729],{"class":346},[49,71795,32644],{"class":350},[49,71797,2734],{"class":346},[49,71799,82],{"class":63},[20,71801,71802,71803,71805],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,71804,3146],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[40,71807,71809],{"className":42,"code":71808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71810,71811,71851,71885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71812,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71814,56],{"class":55},[49,71816,60],{"class":59},[49,71818,64],{"class":63},[49,71820,347],{"class":346},[49,71822,3510],{"class":350},[49,71824,347],{"class":346},[49,71826,71],{"class":63},[49,71828,357],{"class":346},[49,71830,3519],{"class":350},[49,71832,347],{"class":346},[49,71834,71],{"class":63},[49,71836,357],{"class":346},[49,71838,3510],{"class":350},[49,71840,347],{"class":346},[49,71842,71],{"class":63},[49,71844,357],{"class":346},[49,71846,32644],{"class":350},[49,71848,347],{"class":346},[49,71850,82],{"class":63},[49,71852,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71870,71872,71874,71877,71879,71881,71883],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71854,56],{"class":55},[49,71856,60],{"class":59},[49,71858,64],{"class":63},[49,71860,27961],{"class":55},[49,71862,5391],{"class":3306},[49,71864,5394],{"class":55},[49,71866,3313],{"class":3306},[49,71868,71869],{"class":55}," items ",[49,71871,6431],{"class":3306},[49,71873,5394],{"class":55},[49,71875,71876],{"class":59},"!=",[49,71878,357],{"class":346},[49,71880,3510],{"class":350},[49,71882,347],{"class":346},[49,71884,82],{"class":63},[49,71886,71887,71889,71891,71893],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,71888,105],{"class":104},[49,71890,108],{"class":63},[49,71892,88],{"class":94},[49,71894,272],{"class":63},[20,71896,275],{},[40,71898,71899],{"className":42,"code":71777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,71900,71901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71904,938],{"class":63},[49,71906,2734],{"class":346},[49,71908,3519],{"class":350},[49,71910,2734],{"class":346},[49,71912,71],{"class":63},[49,71914,2729],{"class":346},[49,71916,32644],{"class":350},[49,71918,2734],{"class":346},[49,71920,82],{"class":63},[35,71922,64914],{"id":64913},[20,71924,64917,71925,91],{},[15,71926,40128],{},[40,71928,71930],{"className":42,"code":71929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,71931,71932,71964],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71935,56],{"class":55},[49,71937,60],{"class":59},[49,71939,64],{"class":63},[49,71941,347],{"class":346},[49,71943,3510],{"class":350},[49,71945,347],{"class":346},[49,71947,71],{"class":63},[49,71949,357],{"class":346},[49,71951,3519],{"class":350},[49,71953,347],{"class":346},[49,71955,71],{"class":63},[49,71957,357],{"class":346},[49,71959,32644],{"class":350},[49,71961,347],{"class":346},[49,71963,82],{"class":63},[49,71965,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,71967,88],{"class":55},[49,71969,91],{"class":63},[49,71971,34215],{"class":94},[49,71973,108],{"class":63},[49,71975,347],{"class":346},[49,71977,21955],{"class":350},[49,71979,347],{"class":346},[49,71981,272],{"class":63},[20,71983,275],{},[40,71985,71987],{"className":42,"code":71986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,71988,71989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71990,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71992,40128],{"class":1174},[49,71994,135],{"class":63},[49,71996,21982],{"class":1174},[49,71998,91],{"class":63},[49,72000,34215],{"class":94},[49,72002,108],{"class":63},[49,72004,1606],{"class":94},[49,72006,15874],{"class":63},[49,72008,3310],{"class":55},[49,72010,329],{"class":59},[49,72012,20595],{"class":59},[49,72014,72015],{"class":1174}," list\n",[20,72017,72018],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72020,72021],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[40,72023,72025],{"className":42,"code":72024,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72026,72027,72059,72071,72075,72087,72102,72106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72028,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72030,56],{"class":55},[49,72032,60],{"class":59},[49,72034,64],{"class":63},[49,72036,347],{"class":346},[49,72038,3510],{"class":350},[49,72040,347],{"class":346},[49,72042,71],{"class":63},[49,72044,357],{"class":346},[49,72046,3519],{"class":350},[49,72048,347],{"class":346},[49,72050,71],{"class":63},[49,72052,357],{"class":346},[49,72054,32644],{"class":350},[49,72056,347],{"class":346},[49,72058,82],{"class":63},[49,72060,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72062,1878],{"class":55},[49,72064,60],{"class":59},[49,72066,357],{"class":346},[49,72068,21955],{"class":350},[49,72070,1124],{"class":346},[49,72072,72073],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72074,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,72076,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,72078,6431],{"class":3306},[49,72080,21006],{"class":55},[49,72082,3313],{"class":59},[49,72084,387],{"class":55},[49,72086,5826],{"class":63},[49,72088,72089,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,72090,72091],{"class":55},"    items",[49,72093,91],{"class":63},[49,72095,34215],{"class":94},[49,72097,108],{"class":63},[49,72099,1904],{"class":94},[49,72101,272],{"class":63},[49,72103,72104],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,72105,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,72107,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,72109,105],{"class":104},[49,72111,108],{"class":63},[49,72113,88],{"class":94},[49,72115,272],{"class":63},[20,72117,275],{},[40,72119,72121],{"className":42,"code":72120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72122,72123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72124,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72126,938],{"class":63},[49,72128,2734],{"class":346},[49,72130,3510],{"class":350},[49,72132,2734],{"class":346},[49,72134,71],{"class":63},[49,72136,2729],{"class":346},[49,72138,3519],{"class":350},[49,72140,2734],{"class":346},[49,72142,71],{"class":63},[49,72144,2729],{"class":346},[49,72146,32644],{"class":350},[49,72148,2734],{"class":346},[49,72150,82],{"class":63},[20,72152,72153,72154,72156],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72155,1335],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72158,72159,72160,91],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[308,72161,65123],{"href":72162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[35,72164,72166],{"id":72165},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72168,72169,618,72171,72173],{},[15,72170,1335],{},[15,72172,1328],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[137,72175,72176,72183,72189,72195],{},[140,72177,72178,72180,72181],{},[15,72179,1335],{}," deletes by ",[30,72182,1904],{},[140,72184,72185,72180,72187],{},[15,72186,1328],{},[30,72188,35268],{},[140,72190,72191,320,72193],{},[15,72192,1335],{},[15,72194,323],{},[140,72196,72197,72199],{},[15,72198,1328],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72201,45464,72202,135],{},[15,72203,1335],{},[40,72205,72207],{"className":42,"code":72206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72208,72209,72241,72259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72212,56],{"class":55},[49,72214,60],{"class":59},[49,72216,64],{"class":63},[49,72218,347],{"class":346},[49,72220,3510],{"class":350},[49,72222,347],{"class":346},[49,72224,71],{"class":63},[49,72226,357],{"class":346},[49,72228,3519],{"class":350},[49,72230,347],{"class":346},[49,72232,71],{"class":63},[49,72234,357],{"class":346},[49,72236,32644],{"class":350},[49,72238,347],{"class":346},[49,72240,82],{"class":63},[49,72242,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72244,88],{"class":55},[49,72246,91],{"class":63},[49,72248,34215],{"class":94},[49,72250,108],{"class":63},[49,72252,347],{"class":346},[49,72254,3519],{"class":350},[49,72256,347],{"class":346},[49,72258,272],{"class":63},[49,72260,72261,72263,72265,72267],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72262,105],{"class":104},[49,72264,108],{"class":63},[49,72266,88],{"class":94},[49,72268,272],{"class":63},[20,72270,275],{},[40,72272,72274],{"className":42,"code":72273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72275,72276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72277,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72279,938],{"class":63},[49,72281,2734],{"class":346},[49,72283,3510],{"class":350},[49,72285,2734],{"class":346},[49,72287,71],{"class":63},[49,72289,2729],{"class":346},[49,72291,32644],{"class":350},[49,72293,2734],{"class":346},[49,72295,82],{"class":63},[20,72297,45464,72298,135],{},[15,72299,1328],{},[40,72301,72303],{"className":42,"code":72302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72304,72305,72337,72356,72360,72370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72306,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72308,56],{"class":55},[49,72310,60],{"class":59},[49,72312,64],{"class":63},[49,72314,347],{"class":346},[49,72316,3510],{"class":350},[49,72318,347],{"class":346},[49,72320,71],{"class":63},[49,72322,357],{"class":346},[49,72324,3519],{"class":350},[49,72326,347],{"class":346},[49,72328,71],{"class":63},[49,72330,357],{"class":346},[49,72332,32644],{"class":350},[49,72334,347],{"class":346},[49,72336,82],{"class":63},[49,72338,72339,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72340,72341],{"class":55},"removed_item ",[49,72343,60],{"class":59},[49,72345,387],{"class":55},[49,72347,91],{"class":63},[49,72349,25664],{"class":94},[49,72351,108],{"class":63},[49,72353,68],{"class":67},[49,72355,272],{"class":63},[49,72357,72358],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72359,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,72361,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,72363,105],{"class":104},[49,72365,108],{"class":63},[49,72367,88],{"class":94},[49,72369,272],{"class":63},[49,72371,72372,72374,72376,72379],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,72373,105],{"class":104},[49,72375,108],{"class":63},[49,72377,72378],{"class":94},"removed_item",[49,72380,272],{"class":63},[20,72382,275],{},[40,72384,72386],{"className":42,"code":72385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72387,72388,72408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72389,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72391,938],{"class":63},[49,72393,2734],{"class":346},[49,72395,3510],{"class":350},[49,72397,2734],{"class":346},[49,72399,71],{"class":63},[49,72401,2729],{"class":346},[49,72403,32644],{"class":350},[49,72405,2734],{"class":346},[49,72407,82],{"class":63},[49,72409,72410],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72411,69690],{"class":55},[20,72413,120,72414,72416],{},[15,72415,1335],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72418,120,72419,72421],{},[15,72420,1328],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72423,72424,72425,91],{},"For more detail, see the ",[308,72426,72427],{"href":856},"Python list pop() method",[35,72429,72431],{"id":72430},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72433,72434,618,72436,72438],{},[15,72435,1335],{},[15,72437,26448],{}," are also different.",[137,72440,72441,72446,72451,72456],{},[140,72442,72443,72445],{},[15,72444,1335],{}," deletes by matching value",[140,72447,72448,72450],{},[15,72449,26448],{}," deletes by index or slice",[140,72452,120,72453,72455],{},[15,72454,26448],{}," when you know the position",[140,72457,120,72458,72460],{},[15,72459,1335],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72462,45464,72463,135],{},[15,72464,26448],{},[40,72466,72468],{"className":42,"code":72467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72469,72470,72502,72514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72471,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72473,56],{"class":55},[49,72475,60],{"class":59},[49,72477,64],{"class":63},[49,72479,347],{"class":346},[49,72481,3510],{"class":350},[49,72483,347],{"class":346},[49,72485,71],{"class":63},[49,72487,357],{"class":346},[49,72489,3519],{"class":350},[49,72491,347],{"class":346},[49,72493,71],{"class":63},[49,72495,357],{"class":346},[49,72497,32644],{"class":350},[49,72499,347],{"class":346},[49,72501,82],{"class":63},[49,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72505,26448],{"class":3306},[49,72507,387],{"class":55},[49,72509,938],{"class":63},[49,72511,68],{"class":67},[49,72513,82],{"class":63},[49,72515,72516,72518,72520,72522],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72517,105],{"class":104},[49,72519,108],{"class":63},[49,72521,88],{"class":94},[49,72523,272],{"class":63},[20,72525,275],{},[40,72527,72528],{"className":42,"code":72273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,72529,72530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72531,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72533,938],{"class":63},[49,72535,2734],{"class":346},[49,72537,3510],{"class":350},[49,72539,2734],{"class":346},[49,72541,71],{"class":63},[49,72543,2729],{"class":346},[49,72545,32644],{"class":350},[49,72547,2734],{"class":346},[49,72549,82],{"class":63},[20,72551,72552,72553,72555,72556,72558],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72554,68],{},", not the value ",[15,72557,64558],{}," directly.",[20,72560,72561,72562,91],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[308,72563,845],{"href":844},[35,72565,2261],{"id":2260},[20,72567,20633,72568,135],{},[15,72569,1335],{},[137,72571,72572,72575,72580,72587,72596],{},[140,72573,72574],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[140,72576,1011,72577,72579],{},[15,72578,1335],{}," to delete all matching values",[140,72581,12017,72582,72584,72585],{},[15,72583,1335],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72586,323],{},[140,72588,1092,72589,44053,72591,2310,72593,72595],{},[15,72590,1335],{},[15,72592,1328],{},[15,72594,26448],{}," would be a better fit",[140,72597,72598],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72600,70790],{},[40,72602,72604],{"className":42,"code":72603,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72605,72606,72616,72630,72648,72662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72607,72608,72610,72612,72614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72609,105],{"class":104},[49,72611,108],{"class":63},[49,72613,177],{"class":94},[49,72615,272],{"class":63},[49,72617,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72619,105],{"class":104},[49,72621,108],{"class":63},[49,72623,1878],{"class":94},[49,72625,3313],{"class":3306},[49,72627,7827],{"class":94},[49,72629,272],{"class":63},[49,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72633,105],{"class":104},[49,72635,108],{"class":63},[49,72637,177],{"class":94},[49,72639,91],{"class":63},[49,72641,40683],{"class":94},[49,72643,108],{"class":63},[49,72645,1904],{"class":94},[49,72647,1182],{"class":63},[49,72649,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,72651,105],{"class":104},[49,72653,108],{"class":63},[49,72655,1175],{"class":1174},[49,72657,108],{"class":63},[49,72659,177],{"class":94},[49,72661,1182],{"class":63},[49,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,72665,31575],{"class":104},[49,72667,108],{"class":63},[49,72669,7526],{"class":1174},[49,72671,91],{"class":63},[49,72673,34215],{"class":915},[49,72675,272],{"class":63},[20,72677,72678],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[137,72680,72681,72684,72687,72690],{},[140,72682,72683],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[140,72685,72686],{},"How many times does it appear?",[140,72688,72689],{},"Am I working with a list?",[140,72691,72692],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72694,72695,72696,72698],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[308,72697,70954],{"href":58247}," may also help.",[35,72700,1253],{"id":1252},[528,72702,72704],{"id":72703},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72706,72707],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[528,72709,72711],{"id":72710},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72713,4579,72714,72716],{},[15,72715,323],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[528,72718,72720],{"id":72719},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72722,72723,72724,72727,72728,91],{},"Check with ",[15,72725,72726],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72729,1335],{},[528,72731,72733],{"id":72732},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72735,120,72736,72738,72739,72741],{},[15,72737,1335],{}," for a value and ",[15,72740,1328],{}," for an index.",[35,72743,1309],{"id":1308},[137,72745,72746,72750,72754,72758,72762],{},[140,72747,72748],{},[308,72749,1320],{"href":844},[140,72751,72752],{},[308,72753,72427],{"href":856},[140,72755,72756],{},[308,72757,70954],{"href":58247},[140,72759,72760],{},[308,72761,65123],{"href":72162},[140,72763,72764],{},[308,72765,72767],{"href":72766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1352,72769,72770],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":72772},[72773,72774,72775,72776,72777,72778,72779,72780,72781,72782,72788],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":71099,"depth":85,"text":71100},{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863},{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":71552,"depth":85,"text":71553},{"id":64913,"depth":85,"text":64914},{"id":72165,"depth":85,"text":72166},{"id":72430,"depth":85,"text":72431},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":72783},[72784,72785,72786,72787],{"id":72703,"depth":101,"text":72704},{"id":72710,"depth":101,"text":72711},{"id":72719,"depth":101,"text":72720},{"id":72732,"depth":101,"text":72733},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71002,"description":72789},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72796,"title":72797,"body":72798,"description":74689,"extension":1392,"meta":74690,"navigation":243,"path":74691,"seo":74692,"stem":74693,"__hash__":74694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72799,"toc":74659},[72800,72806,72812,72815,72826,72828,72877,72882,72887,72891,72906,72908,72973,72975,73016,73018,73020,73035,73037,73048,73050,73107,73109,73142,73144,73147,73196,73198,73223,73225,73241,73247,73254,73315,73317,73350,73355,73358,73438,73440,73501,73507,73511,73514,73578,73580,73605,73607,73627,73629,73678,73680,73701,73710,73713,73717,73722,73767,73769,73790,73796,73801,73809,73873,73875,73912,73918,73922,73929,73994,73996,74033,74037,74054,74064,74069,74074,74085,74092,74094,74100,74123,74126,74153,74158,74161,74262,74264,74319,74322,74429,74431,74502,74505,74531,74533,74538,74542,74550,74555,74560,74566,74571,74575,74578,74595,74598,74618,74626,74628,74656],[10,72801,13,72803,18],{"id":72802},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72804,72805],{},"reverse()",[20,72807,72808,72811],{},[15,72809,72810],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72813,72814],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72816,72817,72818,72820,72821,72825],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72819,72805],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[308,72822,72824],{"href":72823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[35,72827,38],{"id":37},[40,72829,72831],{"className":42,"code":72830,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72832,72833,72853,72864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72834,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72836,214],{"class":55},[49,72838,60],{"class":59},[49,72840,64],{"class":63},[49,72842,68],{"class":67},[49,72844,71],{"class":63},[49,72846,74],{"class":67},[49,72848,71],{"class":63},[49,72850,79],{"class":67},[49,72852,82],{"class":63},[49,72854,72855,72857,72859,72862],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72856,249],{"class":55},[49,72858,91],{"class":63},[49,72860,72861],{"class":94},"reverse",[49,72863,98],{"class":63},[49,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72867,105],{"class":104},[49,72869,108],{"class":63},[49,72871,249],{"class":94},[49,72873,113],{"class":63},[49,72875,72876],{"class":116},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72878,72879,72881],{},[15,72880,72805],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[35,72883,127,72885,130],{"id":72884},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72886,72810],{},[20,72888,72889,135],{},[15,72890,72810],{},[137,72892,72893,72896,72899,72903],{},[140,72894,72895],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[140,72897,72898],{},"Changes the original list directly",[140,72900,10851,72901],{},[15,72902,323],{},[140,72904,72905],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,72907,761],{},[40,72909,72911],{"className":42,"code":72910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72912,72913,72953,72963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72914,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72916,35513],{"class":55},[49,72918,60],{"class":59},[49,72920,64],{"class":63},[49,72922,347],{"class":346},[49,72924,308],{"class":350},[49,72926,347],{"class":346},[49,72928,71],{"class":63},[49,72930,357],{"class":346},[49,72932,360],{"class":350},[49,72934,347],{"class":346},[49,72936,71],{"class":63},[49,72938,357],{"class":346},[49,72940,369],{"class":350},[49,72942,347],{"class":346},[49,72944,71],{"class":63},[49,72946,357],{"class":346},[49,72948,18190],{"class":350},[49,72950,347],{"class":346},[49,72952,82],{"class":63},[49,72954,72955,72957,72959,72961],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,72956,35566],{"class":55},[49,72958,91],{"class":63},[49,72960,72861],{"class":94},[49,72962,98],{"class":63},[49,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,72966,105],{"class":104},[49,72968,108],{"class":63},[49,72970,35566],{"class":94},[49,72972,272],{"class":63},[20,72974,275],{},[40,72976,72978],{"className":42,"code":72977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,72979,72980],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72981,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72983,938],{"class":63},[49,72985,2734],{"class":346},[49,72987,18190],{"class":350},[49,72989,2734],{"class":346},[49,72991,71],{"class":63},[49,72993,2729],{"class":346},[49,72995,369],{"class":350},[49,72997,2734],{"class":346},[49,72999,71],{"class":63},[49,73001,2729],{"class":346},[49,73003,360],{"class":350},[49,73005,2734],{"class":346},[49,73007,71],{"class":63},[49,73009,2729],{"class":346},[49,73011,308],{"class":350},[49,73013,2734],{"class":346},[49,73015,82],{"class":63},[35,73017,164],{"id":163},[20,73019,1592],{},[40,73021,73023],{"className":42,"code":73022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73024,73025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73026,73027,73029,73031,73033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73028,177],{"class":55},[49,73030,91],{"class":63},[49,73032,72861],{"class":94},[49,73034,98],{"class":63},[20,73036,12471],{},[137,73038,73039,73042,73045],{},[140,73040,73041],{},"No arguments are needed",[140,73043,73044],{},"You call it on an existing list",[140,73046,73047],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73049,761],{},[40,73051,73053],{"className":42,"code":73052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73054,73055,73087,73097],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73056,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73058,12495],{"class":55},[49,73060,60],{"class":59},[49,73062,64],{"class":63},[49,73064,347],{"class":346},[49,73066,12512],{"class":350},[49,73068,347],{"class":346},[49,73070,71],{"class":63},[49,73072,357],{"class":346},[49,73074,16877],{"class":350},[49,73076,347],{"class":346},[49,73078,71],{"class":63},[49,73080,357],{"class":346},[49,73082,12529],{"class":350},[49,73084,347],{"class":346},[49,73086,82],{"class":63},[49,73088,73089,73091,73093,73095],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73090,16924],{"class":55},[49,73092,91],{"class":63},[49,73094,72861],{"class":94},[49,73096,98],{"class":63},[49,73098,73099,73101,73103,73105],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73100,105],{"class":104},[49,73102,108],{"class":63},[49,73104,16924],{"class":94},[49,73106,272],{"class":63},[20,73108,275],{},[40,73110,73112],{"className":42,"code":73111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73113,73114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73115,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73117,938],{"class":63},[49,73119,2734],{"class":346},[49,73121,12529],{"class":350},[49,73123,2734],{"class":346},[49,73125,71],{"class":63},[49,73127,2729],{"class":346},[49,73129,16877],{"class":350},[49,73131,2734],{"class":346},[49,73133,71],{"class":63},[49,73135,2729],{"class":346},[49,73137,12512],{"class":350},[49,73139,2734],{"class":346},[49,73141,82],{"class":63},[35,73143,201],{"id":200},[20,73145,73146],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[40,73148,73150],{"className":42,"code":73149,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73151,73152,73176,73186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73153,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73155,214],{"class":55},[49,73157,60],{"class":59},[49,73159,64],{"class":63},[49,73161,221],{"class":67},[49,73163,71],{"class":63},[49,73165,226],{"class":67},[49,73167,71],{"class":63},[49,73169,231],{"class":67},[49,73171,71],{"class":63},[49,73173,236],{"class":67},[49,73175,82],{"class":63},[49,73177,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73179,249],{"class":55},[49,73181,91],{"class":63},[49,73183,72861],{"class":94},[49,73185,98],{"class":63},[49,73187,73188,73190,73192,73194],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73189,105],{"class":104},[49,73191,108],{"class":63},[49,73193,249],{"class":94},[49,73195,272],{"class":63},[20,73197,275],{},[40,73199,73201],{"className":42,"code":73200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73202,73203],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73204,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73206,938],{"class":63},[49,73208,55974],{"class":67},[49,73210,71],{"class":63},[49,73212,231],{"class":67},[49,73214,71],{"class":63},[49,73216,226],{"class":67},[49,73218,71],{"class":63},[49,73220,5437],{"class":67},[49,73222,82],{"class":63},[20,73224,287],{},[137,73226,73227,73233,73238],{},[140,73228,73229,73230],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73231,73232],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[140,73234,73235,73237],{},[15,73236,72805],{}," flips the order",[140,73239,73240],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[35,73242,73244,73246],{"id":73243},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73245,72805],{}," changes the original list",[20,73248,73249,73250,73253],{},"This method is ",[30,73251,73252],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[40,73255,73257],{"className":42,"code":73256,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73258,73259,73291,73301,73305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73262,35661],{"class":55},[49,73264,60],{"class":59},[49,73266,64],{"class":63},[49,73268,347],{"class":346},[49,73270,3510],{"class":350},[49,73272,347],{"class":346},[49,73274,71],{"class":63},[49,73276,357],{"class":346},[49,73278,3519],{"class":350},[49,73280,347],{"class":346},[49,73282,71],{"class":63},[49,73284,357],{"class":346},[49,73286,3528],{"class":350},[49,73288,347],{"class":346},[49,73290,82],{"class":63},[49,73292,73293,73295,73297,73299],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73294,35713],{"class":55},[49,73296,91],{"class":63},[49,73298,72861],{"class":94},[49,73300,98],{"class":63},[49,73302,73303],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73304,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73306,73307,73309,73311,73313],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73308,105],{"class":104},[49,73310,108],{"class":63},[49,73312,35713],{"class":94},[49,73314,272],{"class":63},[20,73316,275],{},[40,73318,73320],{"className":42,"code":73319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73321,73322],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73323,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73325,938],{"class":63},[49,73327,2734],{"class":346},[49,73329,3528],{"class":350},[49,73331,2734],{"class":346},[49,73333,71],{"class":63},[49,73335,2729],{"class":346},[49,73337,3519],{"class":350},[49,73339,2734],{"class":346},[49,73341,71],{"class":63},[49,73343,2729],{"class":346},[49,73345,3510],{"class":350},[49,73347,2734],{"class":346},[49,73349,82],{"class":63},[20,73351,120,73352,73354],{},[15,73353,72805],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73356,73357],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[40,73359,73361],{"className":42,"code":73360,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73362,73363,73395,73413,73417,73427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73364,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73366,35661],{"class":55},[49,73368,60],{"class":59},[49,73370,64],{"class":63},[49,73372,347],{"class":346},[49,73374,3510],{"class":350},[49,73376,347],{"class":346},[49,73378,71],{"class":63},[49,73380,357],{"class":346},[49,73382,3519],{"class":350},[49,73384,347],{"class":346},[49,73386,71],{"class":63},[49,73388,357],{"class":346},[49,73390,3528],{"class":350},[49,73392,347],{"class":346},[49,73394,82],{"class":63},[49,73396,73397,73400,73402,73404,73407,73409,73411],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73398,73399],{"class":55},"reversed_fruits ",[49,73401,60],{"class":59},[49,73403,52275],{"class":55},[49,73405,73406],{"class":63},"[::",[49,73408,1453],{"class":59},[49,73410,68],{"class":67},[49,73412,82],{"class":63},[49,73414,73415],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73416,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73418,73419,73421,73423,73425],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73420,105],{"class":104},[49,73422,108],{"class":63},[49,73424,35713],{"class":94},[49,73426,272],{"class":63},[49,73428,73429,73431,73433,73436],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,73430,105],{"class":104},[49,73432,108],{"class":63},[49,73434,73435],{"class":94},"reversed_fruits",[49,73437,272],{"class":63},[20,73439,275],{},[40,73441,73443],{"className":42,"code":73442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73444,73445,73473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73446,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73448,938],{"class":63},[49,73450,2734],{"class":346},[49,73452,3510],{"class":350},[49,73454,2734],{"class":346},[49,73456,71],{"class":63},[49,73458,2729],{"class":346},[49,73460,3519],{"class":350},[49,73462,2734],{"class":346},[49,73464,71],{"class":63},[49,73466,2729],{"class":346},[49,73468,3528],{"class":350},[49,73470,2734],{"class":346},[49,73472,82],{"class":63},[49,73474,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495,73497,73499],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73476,938],{"class":63},[49,73478,2734],{"class":346},[49,73480,3528],{"class":350},[49,73482,2734],{"class":346},[49,73484,71],{"class":63},[49,73486,2729],{"class":346},[49,73488,3519],{"class":350},[49,73490,2734],{"class":346},[49,73492,71],{"class":63},[49,73494,2729],{"class":346},[49,73496,3510],{"class":350},[49,73498,2734],{"class":346},[49,73500,82],{"class":63},[20,73502,73503,73504,91],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[308,73505,73506],{"href":72823},"Python list slicing explained",[35,73508,73510],{"id":73509},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73512,73513],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[40,73515,73517],{"className":42,"code":73516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73518,73519,73539,73553,73557,73568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73520,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73522,214],{"class":55},[49,73524,60],{"class":59},[49,73526,64],{"class":63},[49,73528,68],{"class":67},[49,73530,71],{"class":63},[49,73532,74],{"class":67},[49,73534,71],{"class":63},[49,73536,79],{"class":67},[49,73538,82],{"class":63},[49,73540,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73542,55171],{"class":55},[49,73544,60],{"class":59},[49,73546,3695],{"class":55},[49,73548,91],{"class":63},[49,73550,72861],{"class":94},[49,73552,98],{"class":63},[49,73554,73555],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73556,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73558,73559,73561,73563,73566],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73560,105],{"class":104},[49,73562,108],{"class":63},[49,73564,73565],{"class":94},"new_list",[49,73567,272],{"class":63},[49,73569,73570,73572,73574,73576],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,73571,105],{"class":104},[49,73573,108],{"class":63},[49,73575,249],{"class":94},[49,73577,272],{"class":63},[20,73579,275],{},[40,73581,73583],{"className":42,"code":73582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73584,73585,73589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73586,73587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73588,11232],{"class":3281},[49,73590,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73592,938],{"class":63},[49,73594,1494],{"class":67},[49,73596,71],{"class":63},[49,73598,74],{"class":67},[49,73600,71],{"class":63},[49,73602,4930],{"class":67},[49,73604,82],{"class":63},[20,73606,11324],{},[137,73608,73609,73617,73621],{},[140,73610,73611,73613,73614,73616],{},[15,73612,72805],{}," changes ",[15,73615,249],{}," directly",[140,73618,326,73619,71123],{},[30,73620,329],{},[140,73622,53077,73623,483,73625],{},[15,73624,73565],{},[15,73626,323],{},[20,73628,61181],{},[40,73630,73632],{"className":42,"code":73631,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73633,73634,73654,73664,73668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73635,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73637,214],{"class":55},[49,73639,60],{"class":59},[49,73641,64],{"class":63},[49,73643,68],{"class":67},[49,73645,71],{"class":63},[49,73647,74],{"class":67},[49,73649,71],{"class":63},[49,73651,79],{"class":67},[49,73653,82],{"class":63},[49,73655,73656,73658,73660,73662],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73657,249],{"class":55},[49,73659,91],{"class":63},[49,73661,72861],{"class":94},[49,73663,98],{"class":63},[49,73665,73666],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73667,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73669,73670,73672,73674,73676],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73671,105],{"class":104},[49,73673,108],{"class":63},[49,73675,249],{"class":94},[49,73677,272],{"class":63},[20,73679,275],{},[40,73681,73683],{"className":42,"code":73682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73684,73685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73686,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73688,938],{"class":63},[49,73690,1494],{"class":67},[49,73692,71],{"class":63},[49,73694,74],{"class":67},[49,73696,71],{"class":63},[49,73698,4930],{"class":67},[49,73700,82],{"class":63},[35,73702,73704,10018,73706,73709],{"id":73703},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73705,72805],{},[15,73707,73708],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73711,73712],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[528,73714,73715],{"id":72861},[15,73716,72805],{},[20,73718,73719,73721],{},[15,73720,72805],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[40,73723,73725],{"className":42,"code":73724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73726,73727,73747,73757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73728,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73730,214],{"class":55},[49,73732,60],{"class":59},[49,73734,64],{"class":63},[49,73736,1494],{"class":67},[49,73738,71],{"class":63},[49,73740,4930],{"class":67},[49,73742,71],{"class":63},[49,73744,74],{"class":67},[49,73746,82],{"class":63},[49,73748,73749,73751,73753,73755],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73750,249],{"class":55},[49,73752,91],{"class":63},[49,73754,72861],{"class":94},[49,73756,98],{"class":63},[49,73758,73759,73761,73763,73765],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73760,105],{"class":104},[49,73762,108],{"class":63},[49,73764,249],{"class":94},[49,73766,272],{"class":63},[20,73768,275],{},[40,73770,73772],{"className":42,"code":73771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73773,73774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73775,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73777,938],{"class":63},[49,73779,1488],{"class":67},[49,73781,71],{"class":63},[49,73783,4930],{"class":67},[49,73785,71],{"class":63},[49,73787,79],{"class":67},[49,73789,82],{"class":63},[20,73791,73792,73793,73795],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,73794,329],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[528,73797,73799],{"id":73798},"sorted",[15,73800,73708],{},[20,73802,73803,73808],{},[308,73804,73806],{"href":73805},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73807,73708],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[40,73810,73812],{"className":42,"code":73811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73813,73814,73834,73849,73853,73863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73815,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73817,214],{"class":55},[49,73819,60],{"class":59},[49,73821,64],{"class":63},[49,73823,1494],{"class":67},[49,73825,71],{"class":63},[49,73827,4930],{"class":67},[49,73829,71],{"class":63},[49,73831,74],{"class":67},[49,73833,82],{"class":63},[49,73835,73836,73838,73840,73843,73845,73847],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73837,382],{"class":55},[49,73839,60],{"class":59},[49,73841,73842],{"class":104}," sorted",[49,73844,108],{"class":63},[49,73846,249],{"class":94},[49,73848,272],{"class":63},[49,73850,73851],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73852,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73854,73855,73857,73859,73861],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73856,105],{"class":104},[49,73858,108],{"class":63},[49,73860,249],{"class":94},[49,73862,272],{"class":63},[49,73864,73865,73867,73869,73871],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,73866,105],{"class":104},[49,73868,108],{"class":63},[49,73870,420],{"class":94},[49,73872,272],{"class":63},[20,73874,275],{},[40,73876,73878],{"className":42,"code":73877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73879,73880,73896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73881,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73883,938],{"class":63},[49,73885,1494],{"class":67},[49,73887,71],{"class":63},[49,73889,4930],{"class":67},[49,73891,71],{"class":63},[49,73893,74],{"class":67},[49,73895,82],{"class":63},[49,73897,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73899,938],{"class":63},[49,73901,68],{"class":67},[49,73903,71],{"class":63},[49,73905,74],{"class":67},[49,73907,71],{"class":63},[49,73909,79],{"class":67},[49,73911,82],{"class":63},[20,73913,73914,73915,91],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,73916,73917],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[528,73919,73921],{"id":73920},"slicing","Slicing",[20,73923,73924,73925,73928],{},"Slicing with ",[15,73926,73927],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[40,73930,73932],{"className":42,"code":73931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73933,73934,73954,73970,73974,73984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73937,214],{"class":55},[49,73939,60],{"class":59},[49,73941,64],{"class":63},[49,73943,1494],{"class":67},[49,73945,71],{"class":63},[49,73947,4930],{"class":67},[49,73949,71],{"class":63},[49,73951,74],{"class":67},[49,73953,82],{"class":63},[49,73955,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,73957,382],{"class":55},[49,73959,60],{"class":59},[49,73961,3695],{"class":55},[49,73963,73406],{"class":63},[49,73965,1453],{"class":59},[49,73967,68],{"class":67},[49,73969,82],{"class":63},[49,73971,73972],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,73973,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,73975,73976,73978,73980,73982],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,73977,105],{"class":104},[49,73979,108],{"class":63},[49,73981,249],{"class":94},[49,73983,272],{"class":63},[49,73985,73986,73988,73990,73992],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,73987,105],{"class":104},[49,73989,108],{"class":63},[49,73991,420],{"class":94},[49,73993,272],{"class":63},[20,73995,275],{},[40,73997,73999],{"className":42,"code":73998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74000,74001,74017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74004,938],{"class":63},[49,74006,1494],{"class":67},[49,74008,71],{"class":63},[49,74010,4930],{"class":67},[49,74012,71],{"class":63},[49,74014,74],{"class":67},[49,74016,82],{"class":63},[49,74018,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74020,938],{"class":63},[49,74022,1488],{"class":67},[49,74024,71],{"class":63},[49,74026,4930],{"class":67},[49,74028,71],{"class":63},[49,74030,79],{"class":67},[49,74032,82],{"class":63},[528,74034,74036],{"id":74035},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[137,74038,74039,74044,74049],{},[140,74040,120,74041,74043],{},[15,74042,72805],{}," when you want to change the original list",[140,74045,120,74046,74048],{},[15,74047,73927],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[140,74050,120,74051,74053],{},[15,74052,73708],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74055,74056,74057,74063],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[308,74058,74060,74061,736],{"href":74059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74062,63595],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[35,74065,740,74067],{"id":74066},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74068,72805],{},[20,74070,74071,74073],{},[15,74072,72805],{}," is a good choice:",[137,74075,74076,74079,74082],{},[140,74077,74078],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[140,74080,74081],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[140,74083,74084],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74086,74087,74088,91],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[308,74089,74091],{"href":74090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[35,74093,2261],{"id":2260},[20,74095,74096,74097,74099],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74098,72805],{}," for these reasons:",[137,74101,74102,74106,74111,74116],{},[140,74103,12017,74104,12020],{},[15,74105,72805],{},[140,74107,1011,74108,74110],{},[15,74109,72805],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[140,74112,1092,74113,74115],{},[15,74114,72805],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[140,74117,36627,74118,8135,74120],{},[15,74119,72805],{},[15,74121,74122],{},"reversed()",[20,74124,74125],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[40,74127,74129],{"className":42,"code":74128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74130,74131,74143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74132,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74134,1114],{"class":55},[49,74136,60],{"class":59},[49,74138,357],{"class":346},[49,74140,1121],{"class":350},[49,74142,1124],{"class":346},[49,74144,74145,74147,74149,74151],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74146,1129],{"class":55},[49,74148,91],{"class":63},[49,74150,72861],{"class":94},[49,74152,98],{"class":63},[20,74154,74155,74156,1141],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74157,72805],{},[20,74159,74160],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[40,74162,74164],{"className":42,"code":74163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74165,74166,74186,74190,74200,74214,74218,74232,74242,74246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74167,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74169,521],{"class":55},[49,74171,60],{"class":59},[49,74173,64],{"class":63},[49,74175,68],{"class":67},[49,74177,71],{"class":63},[49,74179,74],{"class":67},[49,74181,71],{"class":63},[49,74183,79],{"class":67},[49,74185,82],{"class":63},[49,74187,74188],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74189,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74191,74192,74194,74196,74198],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74193,105],{"class":104},[49,74195,108],{"class":63},[49,74197,177],{"class":94},[49,74199,272],{"class":63},[49,74201,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74203,105],{"class":104},[49,74205,108],{"class":63},[49,74207,1175],{"class":1174},[49,74209,108],{"class":63},[49,74211,177],{"class":94},[49,74213,1182],{"class":63},[49,74215,74216],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,74217,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74219,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,74221,382],{"class":55},[49,74223,60],{"class":59},[49,74225,7827],{"class":55},[49,74227,91],{"class":63},[49,74229,72861],{"class":94},[49,74231,98],{"class":63},[49,74233,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,74235,105],{"class":104},[49,74237,108],{"class":63},[49,74239,420],{"class":94},[49,74241,272],{"class":63},[49,74243,74244],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,74245,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74247,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,74249,105],{"class":104},[49,74251,108],{"class":63},[49,74253,177],{"class":94},[49,74255,73406],{"class":63},[49,74257,1453],{"class":59},[49,74259,68],{"class":67},[49,74261,3319],{"class":63},[20,74263,275],{},[40,74265,74267],{"className":42,"code":74266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74268,74269,74285,74299,74303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74272,938],{"class":63},[49,74274,68],{"class":67},[49,74276,71],{"class":63},[49,74278,74],{"class":67},[49,74280,71],{"class":63},[49,74282,79],{"class":67},[49,74284,82],{"class":63},[49,74286,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74288,2723],{"class":59},[49,74290,2726],{"class":1497},[49,74292,2729],{"class":346},[49,74294,7526],{"class":350},[49,74296,2734],{"class":346},[49,74298,2737],{"class":59},[49,74300,74301],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74302,11232],{"class":3281},[49,74304,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74306,938],{"class":63},[49,74308,68],{"class":67},[49,74310,71],{"class":63},[49,74312,74],{"class":67},[49,74314,71],{"class":63},[49,74316,4930],{"class":67},[49,74318,82],{"class":63},[20,74320,74321],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[40,74323,74325],{"className":42,"code":74324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74326,74327,74347,74351,74361,74375,74379,74393,74403,74413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74328,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74330,521],{"class":55},[49,74332,60],{"class":59},[49,74334,64],{"class":63},[49,74336,68],{"class":67},[49,74338,71],{"class":63},[49,74340,74],{"class":67},[49,74342,71],{"class":63},[49,74344,79],{"class":67},[49,74346,82],{"class":63},[49,74348,74349],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74350,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74352,74353,74355,74357,74359],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74354,105],{"class":104},[49,74356,108],{"class":63},[49,74358,177],{"class":94},[49,74360,272],{"class":63},[49,74362,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74364,105],{"class":104},[49,74366,108],{"class":63},[49,74368,1175],{"class":1174},[49,74370,108],{"class":63},[49,74372,177],{"class":94},[49,74374,1182],{"class":63},[49,74376,74377],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,74378,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74380,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,74382,382],{"class":55},[49,74384,60],{"class":59},[49,74386,7827],{"class":55},[49,74388,91],{"class":63},[49,74390,72861],{"class":94},[49,74392,98],{"class":63},[49,74394,74395,74397,74399,74401],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,74396,105],{"class":104},[49,74398,108],{"class":63},[49,74400,420],{"class":94},[49,74402,272],{"class":63},[49,74404,74405,74407,74409,74411],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,74406,105],{"class":104},[49,74408,108],{"class":63},[49,74410,177],{"class":94},[49,74412,272],{"class":63},[49,74414,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,74416,105],{"class":104},[49,74418,108],{"class":63},[49,74420,177],{"class":94},[49,74422,73406],{"class":63},[49,74424,1453],{"class":59},[49,74426,68],{"class":67},[49,74428,3319],{"class":63},[20,74430,275],{},[40,74432,74434],{"className":42,"code":74433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74435,74436,74452,74466,74470,74486],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74437,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74439,938],{"class":63},[49,74441,68],{"class":67},[49,74443,71],{"class":63},[49,74445,74],{"class":67},[49,74447,71],{"class":63},[49,74449,79],{"class":67},[49,74451,82],{"class":63},[49,74453,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74455,2723],{"class":59},[49,74457,2726],{"class":1497},[49,74459,2729],{"class":346},[49,74461,7526],{"class":350},[49,74463,2734],{"class":346},[49,74465,2737],{"class":59},[49,74467,74468],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74469,11232],{"class":3281},[49,74471,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74473,938],{"class":63},[49,74475,1494],{"class":67},[49,74477,71],{"class":63},[49,74479,74],{"class":67},[49,74481,71],{"class":63},[49,74483,4930],{"class":67},[49,74485,82],{"class":63},[49,74487,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,74489,938],{"class":63},[49,74491,68],{"class":67},[49,74493,71],{"class":63},[49,74495,74],{"class":67},[49,74497,71],{"class":63},[49,74499,79],{"class":67},[49,74501,82],{"class":63},[20,74503,74504],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[137,74506,74507,74516,74525],{},[140,74508,27219,74509,74512,74513],{},[15,74510,74511],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74514,74515],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[140,74517,480,74518,74521,74522,21982],{},[15,74519,74520],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74523,74524],{},"current",[140,74526,74527,74528],{},"So it prints ",[15,74529,74530],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[35,74532,1253],{"id":1252},[528,74534,1257,74536,1269],{"id":74535},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74537,72810],{},[20,74539,61886,74540,91],{},[15,74541,323],{},[528,74543,33627,74545,33630,74547,1284],{"id":74544},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74546,72805],{},[15,74548,74549],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74551,74552,74554],{},[15,74553,72805],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74556,74557,74559],{},[15,74558,74549],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[528,74561,1296,74563,74565],{"id":74562},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74564,72805],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74567,45789,74568,74570],{},[15,74569,72805],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[528,74572,74574],{"id":74573},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74576,74577],{},"Use slicing:",[40,74579,74581],{"className":42,"code":74580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74582,74583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74584,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74586,177],{"class":55},[49,74588,73406],{"class":63},[49,74590,1453],{"class":59},[49,74592,68],{"class":67},[49,74594,82],{"class":63},[20,74596,74597],{},"Or use:",[40,74599,74601],{"className":42,"code":74600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74602,74603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74604,74605,74607,74609,74612,74614,74616],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74606,7526],{"class":1174},[49,74608,108],{"class":63},[49,74610,74611],{"class":104},"reversed",[49,74613,108],{"class":63},[49,74615,177],{"class":94},[49,74617,1182],{"class":63},[20,74619,74620,74621,74625],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[308,74622,1325,74623],{"href":731},[15,74624,735],{}," can also help.",[35,74627,1309],{"id":1308},[137,74629,74630,74636,74642,74646,74650],{},[140,74631,74632],{},[308,74633,1325,74634,736],{"href":74059},[15,74635,63595],{},[140,74637,74638],{},[308,74639,3010,74640,2943],{"href":73805},[15,74641,73708],{},[140,74643,74644],{},[308,74645,74091],{"href":74090},[140,74647,74648],{},[308,74649,73506],{"href":72823},[140,74651,74652],{},[308,74653,1325,74654,736],{"href":731},[15,74655,735],{},[1352,74657,74658],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":74660},[74661,74662,74664,74665,74666,74668,74669,74676,74678,74679,74688],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":72884,"depth":85,"text":74663},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":73243,"depth":85,"text":74667},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73509,"depth":85,"text":73510},{"id":73703,"depth":85,"text":74670,"children":74671},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74672,74673,74674,74675],{"id":72861,"depth":101,"text":72805},{"id":73798,"depth":101,"text":73708},{"id":73920,"depth":101,"text":73921},{"id":74035,"depth":101,"text":74036},{"id":74066,"depth":85,"text":74677},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":74680},[74681,74683,74685,74687],{"id":74535,"depth":101,"text":74682},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74544,"depth":101,"text":74684},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74562,"depth":101,"text":74686},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74573,"depth":101,"text":74574},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72797,"description":74689},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74696,"title":74697,"body":74698,"description":77131,"extension":1392,"meta":77132,"navigation":243,"path":77133,"seo":77134,"stem":77135,"__hash__":77136},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74699,"toc":77099},[74700,74703,74715,74718,74741,74749,74751,74863,74872,74876,74879,74882,74969,74971,75004,75006,75029,75035,75039,75042,75064,75066,75083,75086,75106,75108,75218,75220,75297,75301,75304,75347,75349,75482,75484,75586,75591,75595,75598,75600,75614,75617,75731,75733,75807,75809,75837,75841,75846,75876,75879,76005,76007,76089,76095,76099,76101,76140,76149,76153,76156,76160,76207,76209,76217,76221,76272,76274,76287,76289,76303,76306,76314,76316,76363,76365,76373,76376,76419,76424,76427,76430,76453,76457,76508,76511,76532,76542,76546,76548,76578,76581,76604,76608,76611,76678,76680,76717,76720,76728,76795,76797,76834,76840,76847,76851,76854,76884,76889,76893,76896,76920,76923,77017,77027,77029,77033,77036,77040,77043,77048,77051,77057,77060,77062,77090,77096],[10,74701,74697],{"id":74702},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74704,74705,74706,1622,74708,16495,74711,74714],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74707,35495],{},[15,74709,74710],{},"stop",[15,74712,74713],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74716,74717],{},"The basic slice form is:",[40,74719,74721],{"className":42,"code":74720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74722,74723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74724,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74726,177],{"class":55},[49,74728,938],{"class":63},[49,74730,35495],{"class":55},[49,74732,135],{"class":63},[49,74734,74710],{"class":55},[49,74736,135],{"class":63},[49,74738,74713],{"class":55},[49,74740,82],{"class":63},[20,74742,74743,74744,74746,74747,91],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74745,74710],{}," position is ",[30,74748,64353],{},[35,74750,1434],{"id":1433},[40,74752,74754],{"className":42,"code":74753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74755,74756,74784,74788,74809,74827,74844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74757,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74759,214],{"class":55},[49,74761,60],{"class":59},[49,74763,64],{"class":63},[49,74765,221],{"class":67},[49,74767,71],{"class":63},[49,74769,226],{"class":67},[49,74771,71],{"class":63},[49,74773,231],{"class":67},[49,74775,71],{"class":63},[49,74777,236],{"class":67},[49,74779,71],{"class":63},[49,74781,4511],{"class":67},[49,74783,82],{"class":63},[49,74785,74786],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74787,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74791,105],{"class":104},[49,74793,108],{"class":63},[49,74795,249],{"class":94},[49,74797,938],{"class":63},[49,74799,68],{"class":67},[49,74801,135],{"class":63},[49,74803,1936],{"class":67},[49,74805,19869],{"class":63},[49,74807,74808],{"class":116},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[49,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74820,74822,74824],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74812,105],{"class":104},[49,74814,108],{"class":63},[49,74816,249],{"class":94},[49,74818,74819],{"class":63},"[:",[49,74821,1494],{"class":67},[49,74823,19869],{"class":63},[49,74825,74826],{"class":116},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[49,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,74830,105],{"class":104},[49,74832,108],{"class":63},[49,74834,249],{"class":94},[49,74836,73406],{"class":63},[49,74838,1488],{"class":67},[49,74840,19869],{"class":63},[49,74842,74843],{"class":116},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[49,74845,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,74847,105],{"class":104},[49,74849,108],{"class":63},[49,74851,249],{"class":94},[49,74853,73406],{"class":63},[49,74855,1453],{"class":59},[49,74857,68],{"class":67},[49,74859,19869],{"class":63},[49,74861,74862],{"class":116},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74864,120,74865,74868,74869,74871],{},[15,74866,74867],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74870,74710],{}," value is not included.",[35,74873,74875],{"id":74874},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74877,74878],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74880,74881],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[40,74883,74885],{"className":42,"code":74884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74886,74887,74935,74939,74958],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74890,35513],{"class":55},[49,74892,60],{"class":59},[49,74894,64],{"class":63},[49,74896,347],{"class":346},[49,74898,308],{"class":350},[49,74900,347],{"class":346},[49,74902,71],{"class":63},[49,74904,357],{"class":346},[49,74906,360],{"class":350},[49,74908,347],{"class":346},[49,74910,71],{"class":63},[49,74912,357],{"class":346},[49,74914,369],{"class":350},[49,74916,347],{"class":346},[49,74918,71],{"class":63},[49,74920,357],{"class":346},[49,74922,18190],{"class":350},[49,74924,347],{"class":346},[49,74926,71],{"class":63},[49,74928,357],{"class":346},[49,74930,59730],{"class":350},[49,74932,347],{"class":346},[49,74934,82],{"class":63},[49,74936,74937],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,74938,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,74940,74941,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,74942,74943],{"class":55},"part ",[49,74945,60],{"class":59},[49,74947,69380],{"class":55},[49,74949,938],{"class":63},[49,74951,68],{"class":67},[49,74953,135],{"class":63},[49,74955,1936],{"class":67},[49,74957,82],{"class":63},[49,74959,74960,74962,74964,74967],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,74961,105],{"class":104},[49,74963,108],{"class":63},[49,74965,74966],{"class":94},"part",[49,74968,272],{"class":63},[20,74970,275],{},[40,74972,74974],{"className":42,"code":74973,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,74975,74976],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74977,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74979,938],{"class":63},[49,74981,2734],{"class":346},[49,74983,360],{"class":350},[49,74985,2734],{"class":346},[49,74987,71],{"class":63},[49,74989,2729],{"class":346},[49,74991,369],{"class":350},[49,74993,2734],{"class":346},[49,74995,71],{"class":63},[49,74997,2729],{"class":346},[49,74999,18190],{"class":350},[49,75001,2734],{"class":346},[49,75003,82],{"class":63},[20,75005,12471],{},[137,75007,75008,75011,75014,75020,75026],{},[140,75009,75010],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[140,75012,75013],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[140,75015,75016,75017],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75018,75019],{},"list[start:stop]",[140,75021,75022,75023,75025],{},"The item at ",[15,75024,74710],{}," is not included",[140,75027,75028],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75030,75031,75032,91],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[308,75033,75034],{"href":50404},"beginner guide to Python lists",[35,75036,75038],{"id":75037},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75040,75041],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[40,75043,75044],{"className":42,"code":74720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,75045,75046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75047,75048,75050,75052,75054,75056,75058,75060,75062],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75049,177],{"class":55},[49,75051,938],{"class":63},[49,75053,35495],{"class":55},[49,75055,135],{"class":63},[49,75057,74710],{"class":55},[49,75059,135],{"class":63},[49,75061,74713],{"class":55},[49,75063,82],{"class":63},[20,75065,64329],{},[137,75067,75068,75073,75078],{},[140,75069,75070,75072],{},[15,75071,35495],{}," is where slicing begins",[140,75074,75075,75077],{},[15,75076,74710],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[140,75079,75080,75082],{},[15,75081,74713],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75084,75085],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[137,75087,75088,75094,75099],{},[140,75089,75090,75091,75093],{},"Missing ",[15,75092,35495],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[140,75095,75090,75096,75098],{},[15,75097,74710],{}," means go to the end of the list",[140,75100,75090,75101,75103,75104],{},[15,75102,74713],{}," means use ",[15,75105,68],{},[20,75107,761],{},[40,75109,75111],{"className":42,"code":75110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75112,75113,75141,75145,75166,75183,75201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75114,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75116,214],{"class":55},[49,75118,60],{"class":59},[49,75120,64],{"class":63},[49,75122,221],{"class":67},[49,75124,71],{"class":63},[49,75126,226],{"class":67},[49,75128,71],{"class":63},[49,75130,231],{"class":67},[49,75132,71],{"class":63},[49,75134,236],{"class":67},[49,75136,71],{"class":63},[49,75138,4511],{"class":67},[49,75140,82],{"class":63},[49,75142,75143],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75144,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,75146,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75148,105],{"class":104},[49,75150,108],{"class":63},[49,75152,249],{"class":94},[49,75154,938],{"class":63},[49,75156,68],{"class":67},[49,75158,135],{"class":63},[49,75160,1936],{"class":67},[49,75162,19869],{"class":63},[49,75164,75165],{"class":116},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[49,75167,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75169,105],{"class":104},[49,75171,108],{"class":63},[49,75173,249],{"class":94},[49,75175,74819],{"class":63},[49,75177,1494],{"class":67},[49,75179,19869],{"class":63},[49,75181,75182],{"class":116},"    # start from the beginning\n",[49,75184,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75198],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,75186,105],{"class":104},[49,75188,108],{"class":63},[49,75190,249],{"class":94},[49,75192,938],{"class":63},[49,75194,1488],{"class":67},[49,75196,75197],{"class":63},":])",[49,75199,75200],{"class":116},"    # go to the end\n",[49,75202,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,75204,105],{"class":104},[49,75206,108],{"class":63},[49,75208,249],{"class":94},[49,75210,73406],{"class":63},[49,75212,68],{"class":67},[49,75214,19869],{"class":63},[49,75216,75217],{"class":116},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75219,275],{},[40,75221,75223],{"className":42,"code":75222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75224,75225,75241,75257,75273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75226,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75228,938],{"class":63},[49,75230,15176],{"class":67},[49,75232,71],{"class":63},[49,75234,231],{"class":67},[49,75236,71],{"class":63},[49,75238,236],{"class":67},[49,75240,82],{"class":63},[49,75242,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75244,938],{"class":63},[49,75246,221],{"class":67},[49,75248,71],{"class":63},[49,75250,226],{"class":67},[49,75252,71],{"class":63},[49,75254,231],{"class":67},[49,75256,82],{"class":63},[49,75258,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75260,938],{"class":63},[49,75262,36264],{"class":67},[49,75264,71],{"class":63},[49,75266,236],{"class":67},[49,75268,71],{"class":63},[49,75270,4511],{"class":67},[49,75272,82],{"class":63},[49,75274,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75276,938],{"class":63},[49,75278,221],{"class":67},[49,75280,71],{"class":63},[49,75282,226],{"class":67},[49,75284,71],{"class":63},[49,75286,231],{"class":67},[49,75288,71],{"class":63},[49,75290,236],{"class":67},[49,75292,71],{"class":63},[49,75294,4511],{"class":67},[49,75296,82],{"class":63},[35,75298,75300],{"id":75299},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75302,75303],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[137,75305,75306,75315,75324,75335,75341],{},[140,75307,75308,75311,75312,387],{},[15,75309,75310],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75313,75314],{},"n",[140,75316,75317,75320,75321,75323],{},[15,75318,75319],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75322,75314],{}," to the end",[140,75325,75326,75329,75330,75332,75333],{},[15,75327,75328],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75331,308],{}," up to ",[15,75334,360],{},[140,75336,75337,75340],{},[15,75338,75339],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[140,75342,75343,75346],{},[15,75344,75345],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75348,761],{},[40,75350,75352],{"className":42,"code":75351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75353,75354,75387,75391,75408,75425,75446,75463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75355,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75357,214],{"class":55},[49,75359,60],{"class":59},[49,75361,64],{"class":63},[49,75363,221],{"class":67},[49,75365,71],{"class":63},[49,75367,226],{"class":67},[49,75369,71],{"class":63},[49,75371,231],{"class":67},[49,75373,71],{"class":63},[49,75375,236],{"class":67},[49,75377,71],{"class":63},[49,75379,4511],{"class":67},[49,75381,71],{"class":63},[49,75383,75384],{"class":67}," 60",[49,75386,82],{"class":63},[49,75388,75389],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75390,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,75392,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75394,105],{"class":104},[49,75396,108],{"class":63},[49,75398,249],{"class":94},[49,75400,74819],{"class":63},[49,75402,1494],{"class":67},[49,75404,19869],{"class":63},[49,75406,75407],{"class":116},"    # first 3 items\n",[49,75409,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75411,105],{"class":104},[49,75413,108],{"class":63},[49,75415,249],{"class":94},[49,75417,938],{"class":63},[49,75419,1494],{"class":67},[49,75421,75197],{"class":63},[49,75423,75424],{"class":116},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[49,75426,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,75428,105],{"class":104},[49,75430,108],{"class":63},[49,75432,249],{"class":94},[49,75434,938],{"class":63},[49,75436,68],{"class":67},[49,75438,135],{"class":63},[49,75440,1569],{"class":67},[49,75442,19869],{"class":63},[49,75444,75445],{"class":116},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[49,75447,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,75449,105],{"class":104},[49,75451,108],{"class":63},[49,75453,249],{"class":94},[49,75455,73406],{"class":63},[49,75457,1488],{"class":67},[49,75459,19869],{"class":63},[49,75461,75462],{"class":116},"   # every second item\n",[49,75464,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,75466,105],{"class":104},[49,75468,108],{"class":63},[49,75470,249],{"class":94},[49,75472,73406],{"class":63},[49,75474,1453],{"class":59},[49,75476,68],{"class":67},[49,75478,19869],{"class":63},[49,75480,75481],{"class":116},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75483,275],{},[40,75485,75487],{"className":42,"code":75486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75488,75489,75505,75521,75541,75557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75490,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75492,938],{"class":63},[49,75494,221],{"class":67},[49,75496,71],{"class":63},[49,75498,226],{"class":67},[49,75500,71],{"class":63},[49,75502,231],{"class":67},[49,75504,82],{"class":63},[49,75506,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75508,938],{"class":63},[49,75510,55974],{"class":67},[49,75512,71],{"class":63},[49,75514,4511],{"class":67},[49,75516,71],{"class":63},[49,75518,75384],{"class":67},[49,75520,82],{"class":63},[49,75522,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75524,938],{"class":63},[49,75526,15176],{"class":67},[49,75528,71],{"class":63},[49,75530,231],{"class":67},[49,75532,71],{"class":63},[49,75534,236],{"class":67},[49,75536,71],{"class":63},[49,75538,4511],{"class":67},[49,75540,82],{"class":63},[49,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75544,938],{"class":63},[49,75546,221],{"class":67},[49,75548,71],{"class":63},[49,75550,231],{"class":67},[49,75552,71],{"class":63},[49,75554,4511],{"class":67},[49,75556,82],{"class":63},[49,75558,75559,75561,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,75560,938],{"class":63},[49,75562,75563],{"class":67},"60",[49,75565,71],{"class":63},[49,75567,4511],{"class":67},[49,75569,71],{"class":63},[49,75571,236],{"class":67},[49,75573,71],{"class":63},[49,75575,231],{"class":67},[49,75577,71],{"class":63},[49,75579,226],{"class":67},[49,75581,71],{"class":63},[49,75583,5437],{"class":67},[49,75585,82],{"class":63},[20,75587,75588,75589,91],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[308,75590,14309],{"href":56501},[35,75592,75594],{"id":75593},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75596,75597],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75599,4904],{},[137,75601,75602,75608],{},[140,75603,75604,75607],{},[15,75605,75606],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[140,75609,75610,75613],{},[15,75611,75612],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75615,75616],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[40,75618,75620],{"className":42,"code":75619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75621,75622,75670,75674,75693,75712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75623,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75625,35513],{"class":55},[49,75627,60],{"class":59},[49,75629,64],{"class":63},[49,75631,347],{"class":346},[49,75633,308],{"class":350},[49,75635,347],{"class":346},[49,75637,71],{"class":63},[49,75639,357],{"class":346},[49,75641,360],{"class":350},[49,75643,347],{"class":346},[49,75645,71],{"class":63},[49,75647,357],{"class":346},[49,75649,369],{"class":350},[49,75651,347],{"class":346},[49,75653,71],{"class":63},[49,75655,357],{"class":346},[49,75657,18190],{"class":350},[49,75659,347],{"class":346},[49,75661,71],{"class":63},[49,75663,357],{"class":346},[49,75665,59730],{"class":350},[49,75667,347],{"class":346},[49,75669,82],{"class":63},[49,75671,75672],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75673,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,75675,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75677,105],{"class":104},[49,75679,108],{"class":63},[49,75681,35566],{"class":94},[49,75683,938],{"class":63},[49,75685,1453],{"class":59},[49,75687,68],{"class":67},[49,75689,19869],{"class":63},[49,75691,75692],{"class":116},"    # last item\n",[49,75694,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75696,105],{"class":104},[49,75698,108],{"class":63},[49,75700,35566],{"class":94},[49,75702,938],{"class":63},[49,75704,1453],{"class":59},[49,75706,1494],{"class":67},[49,75708,75197],{"class":63},[49,75710,75711],{"class":116},"   # last 3 items\n",[49,75713,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,75715,105],{"class":104},[49,75717,108],{"class":63},[49,75719,35566],{"class":94},[49,75721,74819],{"class":63},[49,75723,1453],{"class":59},[49,75725,68],{"class":67},[49,75727,19869],{"class":63},[49,75729,75730],{"class":116},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75732,275],{},[40,75734,75736],{"className":42,"code":75735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75737,75738,75743,75771],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75739,75740],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75741,75742],{"class":55},"e\n",[49,75744,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75746,938],{"class":63},[49,75748,2734],{"class":346},[49,75750,369],{"class":350},[49,75752,2734],{"class":346},[49,75754,71],{"class":63},[49,75756,2729],{"class":346},[49,75758,18190],{"class":350},[49,75760,2734],{"class":346},[49,75762,71],{"class":63},[49,75764,2729],{"class":346},[49,75766,59730],{"class":350},[49,75768,2734],{"class":346},[49,75770,82],{"class":63},[49,75772,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75774,938],{"class":63},[49,75776,2734],{"class":346},[49,75778,308],{"class":350},[49,75780,2734],{"class":346},[49,75782,71],{"class":63},[49,75784,2729],{"class":346},[49,75786,360],{"class":350},[49,75788,2734],{"class":346},[49,75790,71],{"class":63},[49,75792,2729],{"class":346},[49,75794,369],{"class":350},[49,75796,2734],{"class":346},[49,75798,71],{"class":63},[49,75800,2729],{"class":346},[49,75802,18190],{"class":350},[49,75804,2734],{"class":346},[49,75806,82],{"class":63},[20,75808,12471],{},[137,75810,75811,75814,75818,75824,75830],{},[140,75812,75813],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[140,75815,75816,75607],{},[15,75817,75606],{},[140,75819,75820,75823],{},[15,75821,75822],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[140,75825,75826,75829],{},[15,75827,75828],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[140,75831,75832,75833,618,75835],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75834,35495],{},[15,75836,74710],{},[35,75838,75840],{"id":75839},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75842,1409,75843,75845],{},[15,75844,74713],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[137,75847,75848,75851,75854,75859,75869],{},[140,75849,75850],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[140,75852,75853],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[140,75855,75856,75858],{},[15,75857,75345],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[140,75860,8306,75861,75863,75864,75866,75867],{},[15,75862,74713],{}," is negative, ",[15,75865,35495],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75868,74710],{},[140,75870,75871,75873,75874],{},[15,75872,74713],{}," cannot be ",[15,75875,1552],{},[20,75877,75878],{},"Example with different step values:",[40,75880,75882],{"className":42,"code":75881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75883,75884,75916,75920,75937,75959,75978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75885,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75887,214],{"class":55},[49,75889,60],{"class":59},[49,75891,64],{"class":63},[49,75893,221],{"class":67},[49,75895,71],{"class":63},[49,75897,226],{"class":67},[49,75899,71],{"class":63},[49,75901,231],{"class":67},[49,75903,71],{"class":63},[49,75905,236],{"class":67},[49,75907,71],{"class":63},[49,75909,4511],{"class":67},[49,75911,71],{"class":63},[49,75913,75384],{"class":67},[49,75915,82],{"class":63},[49,75917,75918],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,75919,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,75923,105],{"class":104},[49,75925,108],{"class":63},[49,75927,249],{"class":94},[49,75929,73406],{"class":63},[49,75931,1488],{"class":67},[49,75933,19869],{"class":63},[49,75935,75936],{"class":116},"     # every second item\n",[49,75938,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75952,75954,75956],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,75940,105],{"class":104},[49,75942,108],{"class":63},[49,75944,249],{"class":94},[49,75946,938],{"class":63},[49,75948,68],{"class":67},[49,75950,75951],{"class":63},"::",[49,75953,1488],{"class":67},[49,75955,19869],{"class":63},[49,75957,75958],{"class":116},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[49,75960,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,75962,105],{"class":104},[49,75964,108],{"class":63},[49,75966,249],{"class":94},[49,75968,73406],{"class":63},[49,75970,1453],{"class":59},[49,75972,68],{"class":67},[49,75974,19869],{"class":63},[49,75976,75977],{"class":116},"    # reverse the list\n",[49,75979,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,75981,105],{"class":104},[49,75983,108],{"class":63},[49,75985,249],{"class":94},[49,75987,938],{"class":63},[49,75989,1936],{"class":67},[49,75991,135],{"class":63},[49,75993,68],{"class":67},[49,75995,135],{"class":63},[49,75997,1453],{"class":59},[49,75999,68],{"class":67},[49,76001,19869],{"class":63},[49,76003,76004],{"class":116},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76006,275],{},[40,76008,76010],{"className":42,"code":76009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76011,76012,76028,76044,76072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76015,938],{"class":63},[49,76017,221],{"class":67},[49,76019,71],{"class":63},[49,76021,231],{"class":67},[49,76023,71],{"class":63},[49,76025,4511],{"class":67},[49,76027,82],{"class":63},[49,76029,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76031,938],{"class":63},[49,76033,15176],{"class":67},[49,76035,71],{"class":63},[49,76037,236],{"class":67},[49,76039,71],{"class":63},[49,76041,75384],{"class":67},[49,76043,82],{"class":63},[49,76045,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76047,938],{"class":63},[49,76049,75563],{"class":67},[49,76051,71],{"class":63},[49,76053,4511],{"class":67},[49,76055,71],{"class":63},[49,76057,236],{"class":67},[49,76059,71],{"class":63},[49,76061,231],{"class":67},[49,76063,71],{"class":63},[49,76065,226],{"class":67},[49,76067,71],{"class":63},[49,76069,5437],{"class":67},[49,76071,82],{"class":63},[49,76073,76074,76076,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,76075,938],{"class":63},[49,76077,76078],{"class":67},"50",[49,76080,71],{"class":63},[49,76082,236],{"class":67},[49,76084,71],{"class":63},[49,76086,231],{"class":67},[49,76088,82],{"class":63},[20,76090,76091,76092,91],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[308,76093,76094],{"href":74090},"how to reverse a list in Python",[528,76096,76098],{"id":76097},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76100,2268],{},[40,76102,76104],{"className":42,"code":76103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76105,76106,76126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76107,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76109,214],{"class":55},[49,76111,60],{"class":59},[49,76113,64],{"class":63},[49,76115,68],{"class":67},[49,76117,71],{"class":63},[49,76119,74],{"class":67},[49,76121,71],{"class":63},[49,76123,79],{"class":67},[49,76125,82],{"class":63},[49,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76129,105],{"class":104},[49,76131,108],{"class":63},[49,76133,249],{"class":94},[49,76135,73406],{"class":63},[49,76137,1552],{"class":67},[49,76139,3319],{"class":63},[20,76141,76142,76143,76145,76146,76148],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76144,40128],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76147,1552],{}," does not make sense.",[35,76150,76152],{"id":76151},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76154,76155],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[528,76157,76159],{"id":76158},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[40,76161,76163],{"className":42,"code":76162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76164,76165,76189,76193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76166,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76168,214],{"class":55},[49,76170,60],{"class":59},[49,76172,64],{"class":63},[49,76174,221],{"class":67},[49,76176,71],{"class":63},[49,76178,226],{"class":67},[49,76180,71],{"class":63},[49,76182,231],{"class":67},[49,76184,71],{"class":63},[49,76186,236],{"class":67},[49,76188,82],{"class":63},[49,76190,76191],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76192,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76194,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76196,105],{"class":104},[49,76198,108],{"class":63},[49,76200,249],{"class":94},[49,76202,938],{"class":63},[49,76204,1488],{"class":67},[49,76206,3319],{"class":63},[20,76208,275],{},[40,76210,76211],{"className":42,"code":69124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76212,76213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76214,76215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76216,69124],{"class":67},[528,76218,76220],{"id":76219},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[40,76222,76224],{"className":42,"code":76223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76225,76226,76250,76254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76227,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76229,214],{"class":55},[49,76231,60],{"class":59},[49,76233,64],{"class":63},[49,76235,221],{"class":67},[49,76237,71],{"class":63},[49,76239,226],{"class":67},[49,76241,71],{"class":63},[49,76243,231],{"class":67},[49,76245,71],{"class":63},[49,76247,236],{"class":67},[49,76249,82],{"class":63},[49,76251,76252],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76253,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76255,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76257,105],{"class":104},[49,76259,108],{"class":63},[49,76261,249],{"class":94},[49,76263,938],{"class":63},[49,76265,1488],{"class":67},[49,76267,135],{"class":63},[49,76269,1494],{"class":67},[49,76271,3319],{"class":63},[20,76273,275],{},[40,76275,76277],{"className":42,"code":76276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30]\n",[15,76278,76279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76280,76281,76283,76285],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76282,938],{"class":63},[49,76284,36264],{"class":67},[49,76286,82],{"class":63},[20,76288,13183],{},[137,76290,76291,76297],{},[140,76292,76293,76296],{},[15,76294,76295],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[140,76298,76299,76302],{},[15,76300,76301],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76304,76305],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[137,76307,76308,76311],{},[140,76309,76310],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[140,76312,76313],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76315,761],{},[40,76317,76319],{"className":42,"code":76318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76320,76321,76341,76345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76322,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76324,214],{"class":55},[49,76326,60],{"class":59},[49,76328,64],{"class":63},[49,76330,221],{"class":67},[49,76332,71],{"class":63},[49,76334,226],{"class":67},[49,76336,71],{"class":63},[49,76338,231],{"class":67},[49,76340,82],{"class":63},[49,76342,76343],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76344,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76346,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76348,105],{"class":104},[49,76350,108],{"class":63},[49,76352,249],{"class":94},[49,76354,938],{"class":63},[49,76356,1569],{"class":67},[49,76358,135],{"class":63},[49,76360,221],{"class":67},[49,76362,3319],{"class":63},[20,76364,275],{},[40,76366,76367],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76368,76369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76370,76371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76372,278],{"class":63},[20,76374,76375],{},"But this would raise an error:",[40,76377,76379],{"className":42,"code":76378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76380,76381,76401,76405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76382,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76384,214],{"class":55},[49,76386,60],{"class":59},[49,76388,64],{"class":63},[49,76390,221],{"class":67},[49,76392,71],{"class":63},[49,76394,226],{"class":67},[49,76396,71],{"class":63},[49,76398,231],{"class":67},[49,76400,82],{"class":63},[49,76402,76403],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76404,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76406,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76408,105],{"class":104},[49,76410,108],{"class":63},[49,76412,249],{"class":94},[49,76414,938],{"class":63},[49,76416,1569],{"class":67},[49,76418,3319],{"class":63},[20,76420,76421,76422,91],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[308,76423,68543],{"href":68542},[35,76425,14598],{"id":76426},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76428,76429],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[137,76431,76432,76436,76438,76441,76447],{},[140,76433,4135,76434,75025],{},[15,76435,74710],{},[140,76437,59975],{},[140,76439,76440],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[140,76442,36627,76443,8135,76445],{},[15,76444,75345],{},[15,76446,72810],{},[140,76448,76449,76450,76452],{},"Using step ",[15,76451,1552],{},", which causes an error",[528,76454,76456],{"id":76455},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[40,76458,76460],{"className":42,"code":76459,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76461,76462,76490],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76463,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76465,214],{"class":55},[49,76467,60],{"class":59},[49,76469,64],{"class":63},[49,76471,221],{"class":67},[49,76473,71],{"class":63},[49,76475,226],{"class":67},[49,76477,71],{"class":63},[49,76479,231],{"class":67},[49,76481,71],{"class":63},[49,76483,236],{"class":67},[49,76485,71],{"class":63},[49,76487,4511],{"class":67},[49,76489,82],{"class":63},[49,76491,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76493,105],{"class":104},[49,76495,108],{"class":63},[49,76497,249],{"class":94},[49,76499,938],{"class":63},[49,76501,68],{"class":67},[49,76503,135],{"class":63},[49,76505,1936],{"class":67},[49,76507,3319],{"class":63},[20,76509,76510],{},"This returns:",[40,76512,76514],{"className":42,"code":76513,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76515,76516],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76517,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76519,938],{"class":63},[49,76521,15176],{"class":67},[49,76523,71],{"class":63},[49,76525,231],{"class":67},[49,76527,71],{"class":63},[49,76529,236],{"class":67},[49,76531,82],{"class":63},[20,76533,326,76534,76536,76537,76539,76540,91],{},[30,76535,329],{}," include ",[15,76538,76078],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76541,1936],{},[528,76543,76545],{"id":76544},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76547,16066],{},[40,76549,76551],{"className":42,"code":76550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76552,76553,76573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76554,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76556,214],{"class":55},[49,76558,60],{"class":59},[49,76560,64],{"class":63},[49,76562,221],{"class":67},[49,76564,71],{"class":63},[49,76566,226],{"class":67},[49,76568,71],{"class":63},[49,76570,231],{"class":67},[49,76572,82],{"class":63},[49,76574,76575],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76576,76577],{"class":116},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76579,76580],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[40,76582,76584],{"className":42,"code":76583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76585,76586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76587,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76589,105],{"class":104},[49,76591,108],{"class":63},[49,76593,249],{"class":94},[49,76595,938],{"class":63},[49,76597,68],{"class":67},[49,76599,135],{"class":63},[49,76601,1494],{"class":67},[49,76603,3319],{"class":63},[528,76605,76607],{"id":76606},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76609,76610],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[40,76612,76614],{"className":42,"code":76613,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76615,76616,76640,76654,76658,76668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76617,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76619,214],{"class":55},[49,76621,60],{"class":59},[49,76623,64],{"class":63},[49,76625,221],{"class":67},[49,76627,71],{"class":63},[49,76629,226],{"class":67},[49,76631,71],{"class":63},[49,76633,231],{"class":67},[49,76635,71],{"class":63},[49,76637,236],{"class":67},[49,76639,82],{"class":63},[49,76641,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76643,74943],{"class":55},[49,76645,60],{"class":59},[49,76647,3695],{"class":55},[49,76649,74819],{"class":63},[49,76651,1488],{"class":67},[49,76653,82],{"class":63},[49,76655,76656],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76657,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76659,76660,76662,76664,76666],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,76661,105],{"class":104},[49,76663,108],{"class":63},[49,76665,74966],{"class":94},[49,76667,272],{"class":63},[49,76669,76670,76672,76674,76676],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,76671,105],{"class":104},[49,76673,108],{"class":63},[49,76675,249],{"class":94},[49,76677,272],{"class":63},[20,76679,275],{},[40,76681,76683],{"className":42,"code":76682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76684,76685,76697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76686,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76688,938],{"class":63},[49,76690,221],{"class":67},[49,76692,71],{"class":63},[49,76694,226],{"class":67},[49,76696,82],{"class":63},[49,76698,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76700,938],{"class":63},[49,76702,221],{"class":67},[49,76704,71],{"class":63},[49,76706,226],{"class":67},[49,76708,71],{"class":63},[49,76710,231],{"class":67},[49,76712,71],{"class":63},[49,76714,236],{"class":67},[49,76716,82],{"class":63},[20,76718,76719],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[528,76721,76723,76724,8135,76726],{"id":76722},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76725,75345],{},[15,76727,72810],{},[40,76729,76731],{"className":42,"code":76730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76732,76733,76753,76757,76774,76785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76734,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76736,214],{"class":55},[49,76738,60],{"class":59},[49,76740,64],{"class":63},[49,76742,221],{"class":67},[49,76744,71],{"class":63},[49,76746,226],{"class":67},[49,76748,71],{"class":63},[49,76750,231],{"class":67},[49,76752,82],{"class":63},[49,76754,76755],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76756,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,76758,76759,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76760,76761],{"class":55},"reversed_copy ",[49,76763,60],{"class":59},[49,76765,3695],{"class":55},[49,76767,73406],{"class":63},[49,76769,1453],{"class":59},[49,76771,68],{"class":67},[49,76773,82],{"class":63},[49,76775,76776,76778,76780,76783],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,76777,105],{"class":104},[49,76779,108],{"class":63},[49,76781,76782],{"class":94},"reversed_copy",[49,76784,272],{"class":63},[49,76786,76787,76789,76791,76793],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,76788,105],{"class":104},[49,76790,108],{"class":63},[49,76792,249],{"class":94},[49,76794,272],{"class":63},[20,76796,275],{},[40,76798,76800],{"className":42,"code":76799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76801,76802,76818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76803,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76805,938],{"class":63},[49,76807,36264],{"class":67},[49,76809,71],{"class":63},[49,76811,226],{"class":67},[49,76813,71],{"class":63},[49,76815,5437],{"class":67},[49,76817,82],{"class":63},[49,76819,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76821,938],{"class":63},[49,76823,221],{"class":67},[49,76825,71],{"class":63},[49,76827,226],{"class":67},[49,76829,71],{"class":63},[49,76831,231],{"class":67},[49,76833,82],{"class":63},[20,76835,76836,76839],{},[15,76837,76838],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76841,76842,76843,76846],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76844,76845],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[528,76848,76850],{"id":76849},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76852,76853],{},"This is not allowed:",[40,76855,76857],{"className":42,"code":76856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76858,76859,76879],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76860,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76862,214],{"class":55},[49,76864,60],{"class":59},[49,76866,64],{"class":63},[49,76868,221],{"class":67},[49,76870,71],{"class":63},[49,76872,226],{"class":67},[49,76874,71],{"class":63},[49,76876,231],{"class":67},[49,76878,82],{"class":63},[49,76880,76881],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76882,76883],{"class":116},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76885,76886,76887,91],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76888,40128],{},[35,76890,76892],{"id":76891},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76894,76895],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[137,76897,76898,76905,76911,76914,76917],{},[140,76899,36627,76900,618,76902,76904],{},[15,76901,35495],{},[15,76903,74710],{}," positions",[140,76906,76907,76908,76910],{},"Assuming the ",[15,76909,74710],{}," index is included",[140,76912,76913],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[140,76915,76916],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[140,76918,76919],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,76921,76922],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[40,76924,76926],{"className":42,"code":76925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,76927,76928,76938,76952,76970,76984,77001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76929,76930,76932,76934,76936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76931,105],{"class":104},[49,76933,108],{"class":63},[49,76935,177],{"class":94},[49,76937,272],{"class":63},[49,76939,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,76941,105],{"class":104},[49,76943,108],{"class":63},[49,76945,10592],{"class":104},[49,76947,108],{"class":63},[49,76949,177],{"class":94},[49,76951,1182],{"class":63},[49,76953,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,76955,105],{"class":104},[49,76957,108],{"class":63},[49,76959,177],{"class":94},[49,76961,938],{"class":63},[49,76963,68],{"class":67},[49,76965,135],{"class":63},[49,76967,1936],{"class":67},[49,76969,3319],{"class":63},[49,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,76973,105],{"class":104},[49,76975,108],{"class":63},[49,76977,177],{"class":94},[49,76979,74819],{"class":63},[49,76981,1494],{"class":67},[49,76983,3319],{"class":63},[49,76985,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,76987,105],{"class":104},[49,76989,108],{"class":63},[49,76991,177],{"class":94},[49,76993,938],{"class":63},[49,76995,1453],{"class":59},[49,76997,1494],{"class":67},[49,76999,77000],{"class":63},":])\n",[49,77002,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,77004,105],{"class":104},[49,77006,108],{"class":63},[49,77008,177],{"class":94},[49,77010,73406],{"class":63},[49,77012,1453],{"class":59},[49,77014,68],{"class":67},[49,77016,3319],{"class":63},[20,77018,1092,77019,77021,77022,77026],{},[15,77020,41784],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[308,77023,77025],{"href":77024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[35,77028,1253],{"id":1252},[528,77030,77032],{"id":77031},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77034,77035],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[528,77037,77039],{"id":77038},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77041,77042],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[528,77044,4573,77046,39384],{"id":77045},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77047,75345],{},[20,77049,77050],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[528,77052,77054,77055,1284],{"id":77053},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77056,70015],{},[20,77058,77059],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[35,77061,1309],{"id":1308},[137,77063,77064,77069,77074,77078,77082,77086],{},[140,77065,77066],{},[308,77067,77068],{"href":50404},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[140,77070,77071],{},[308,77072,77073],{"href":56435},"How to create a list in Python",[140,77075,77076],{},[308,77077,14386],{"href":56501},[140,77079,77080],{},[308,77081,74091],{"href":74090},[140,77083,77084],{},[308,77085,77025],{"href":77024},[140,77087,77088],{},[308,77089,68543],{"href":68542},[20,77091,77092,77093,77095],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77094,41784],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1352,77097,77098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":77100},[77101,77102,77103,77104,77105,77106,77109,77113,77121,77122,77130],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":74874,"depth":85,"text":74875},{"id":75037,"depth":85,"text":75038},{"id":75299,"depth":85,"text":75300},{"id":75593,"depth":85,"text":75594},{"id":75839,"depth":85,"text":75840,"children":77107},[77108],{"id":76097,"depth":101,"text":76098},{"id":76151,"depth":85,"text":76152,"children":77110},[77111,77112],{"id":76158,"depth":101,"text":76159},{"id":76219,"depth":101,"text":76220},{"id":76426,"depth":85,"text":14598,"children":77114},[77115,77116,77117,77118,77120],{"id":76455,"depth":101,"text":76456},{"id":76544,"depth":101,"text":76545},{"id":76606,"depth":101,"text":76607},{"id":76722,"depth":101,"text":77119},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76849,"depth":101,"text":76850},{"id":76891,"depth":85,"text":76892},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":77123},[77124,77125,77126,77128],{"id":77031,"depth":101,"text":77032},{"id":77038,"depth":101,"text":77039},{"id":77045,"depth":101,"text":77127},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77053,"depth":101,"text":77129},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74697,"description":77131},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77138,"title":77139,"body":77140,"description":79209,"extension":1392,"meta":79210,"navigation":243,"path":79211,"seo":79212,"stem":79213,"__hash__":79214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77141,"toc":79175},[77142,77147,77153,77159,77161,77208,77215,77220,77224,77239,77242,77295,77297,77322,77327,77329,77361,77364,77380,77382,77443,77445,77470,77474,77479,77532,77534,77559,77564,77625,77627,77652,77655,77662,77666,77669,77730,77732,77765,77768,77829,77831,77864,77870,77943,77945,77977,77984,77989,77994,77996,78008,78011,78089,78091,78132,78135,78209,78211,78244,78249,78256,78263,78267,78276,78280,78288,78290,78357,78359,78395,78400,78411,78413,78418,78423,78425,78488,78490,78515,78522,78527,78531,78534,78574,78579,78585,78590,78592,78619,78624,78627,78674,78676,78733,78740,78745,78751,78820,78824,78827,78890,78892,78925,78930,78932,78935,79016,79018,79042,79048,79050,79055,79059,79066,79074,79078,79080,79103,79107,79109,79136,79139,79146,79149,79151,79172],[10,77143,13,77145,18],{"id":77144},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77146,63595],{},[20,77148,77149,77152],{},[15,77150,77151],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77154,77155,77156,77158],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77157,63595],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[35,77160,1434],{"id":1433},[40,77162,77164],{"className":42,"code":77163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77165,77166,77186,77196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77167,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77169,214],{"class":55},[49,77171,60],{"class":59},[49,77173,64],{"class":63},[49,77175,1494],{"class":67},[49,77177,71],{"class":63},[49,77179,4930],{"class":67},[49,77181,71],{"class":63},[49,77183,74],{"class":67},[49,77185,82],{"class":63},[49,77187,77188,77190,77192,77194],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77189,249],{"class":55},[49,77191,91],{"class":63},[49,77193,34220],{"class":94},[49,77195,98],{"class":63},[49,77197,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77199,105],{"class":104},[49,77201,108],{"class":63},[49,77203,249],{"class":94},[49,77205,113],{"class":63},[49,77207,702],{"class":116},[20,77209,120,77210,77212,77213,91],{},[15,77211,77151],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77214,323],{},[35,77216,127,77218,130],{"id":77217},"what-listsort-does",[15,77219,77151],{},[20,77221,77222,135],{},[15,77223,77151],{},[137,77225,77226,77229,77232,77236],{},[140,77227,77228],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[140,77230,77231],{},"Changes the original list",[140,77233,10851,77234],{},[15,77235,323],{},[140,77237,77238],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77240,77241],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[40,77243,77245],{"className":42,"code":77244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77246,77247,77271,77281,77285],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77248,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77250,214],{"class":55},[49,77252,60],{"class":59},[49,77254,64],{"class":63},[49,77256,1569],{"class":67},[49,77258,71],{"class":63},[49,77260,74],{"class":67},[49,77262,71],{"class":63},[49,77264,53560],{"class":67},[49,77266,71],{"class":63},[49,77268,4930],{"class":67},[49,77270,82],{"class":63},[49,77272,77273,77275,77277,77279],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77274,249],{"class":55},[49,77276,91],{"class":63},[49,77278,34220],{"class":94},[49,77280,98],{"class":63},[49,77282,77283],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77284,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77286,77287,77289,77291,77293],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77288,105],{"class":104},[49,77290,108],{"class":63},[49,77292,249],{"class":94},[49,77294,272],{"class":63},[20,77296,275],{},[40,77298,77300],{"className":42,"code":77299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77301,77302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77303,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77305,938],{"class":63},[49,77307,68],{"class":67},[49,77309,71],{"class":63},[49,77311,74],{"class":67},[49,77313,71],{"class":63},[49,77315,4036],{"class":67},[49,77317,71],{"class":63},[49,77319,53560],{"class":67},[49,77321,82],{"class":63},[20,77323,77324,77325,91],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[308,77326,66361],{"href":50404},[35,77328,164],{"id":163},[40,77330,77332],{"className":42,"code":77331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77333,77334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77335,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77355,77357,77359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77337,177],{"class":55},[49,77339,91],{"class":63},[49,77341,34220],{"class":94},[49,77343,108],{"class":63},[49,77345,14262],{"class":8607},[49,77347,60],{"class":59},[49,77349,323],{"class":3281},[49,77351,71],{"class":63},[49,77353,77354],{"class":8607}," reverse",[49,77356,60],{"class":59},[49,77358,3105],{"class":3281},[49,77360,272],{"class":63},[20,77362,77363],{},"Main arguments:",[137,77365,77366,77371,77377],{},[140,77367,77368,77370],{},[15,77369,14262],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[140,77372,77373,77376],{},[15,77374,77375],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[140,77378,77379],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77381,761],{},[40,77383,77385],{"className":42,"code":77384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77386,77387,77411,77429,77433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77388,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77390,214],{"class":55},[49,77392,60],{"class":59},[49,77394,64],{"class":63},[49,77396,1936],{"class":67},[49,77398,71],{"class":63},[49,77400,4930],{"class":67},[49,77402,71],{"class":63},[49,77404,5426],{"class":67},[49,77406,71],{"class":63},[49,77408,74],{"class":67},[49,77410,82],{"class":63},[49,77412,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77414,249],{"class":55},[49,77416,91],{"class":63},[49,77418,34220],{"class":94},[49,77420,108],{"class":63},[49,77422,72861],{"class":8607},[49,77424,60],{"class":59},[49,77426,3039],{"class":3281},[49,77428,272],{"class":63},[49,77430,77431],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77432,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77436,105],{"class":104},[49,77438,108],{"class":63},[49,77440,249],{"class":94},[49,77442,272],{"class":63},[20,77444,275],{},[40,77446,77448],{"className":42,"code":77447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77449,77450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77451,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77453,938],{"class":63},[49,77455,1456],{"class":67},[49,77457,71],{"class":63},[49,77459,1888],{"class":67},[49,77461,71],{"class":63},[49,77463,74],{"class":67},[49,77465,71],{"class":63},[49,77467,4930],{"class":67},[49,77469,82],{"class":63},[35,77471,77473],{"id":77472},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77475,120,77476,77478],{},[15,77477,63595],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[40,77480,77482],{"className":42,"code":77481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77483,77484,77508,77518,77522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77485,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77487,214],{"class":55},[49,77489,60],{"class":59},[49,77491,64],{"class":63},[49,77493,221],{"class":67},[49,77495,71],{"class":63},[49,77497,79],{"class":67},[49,77499,71],{"class":63},[49,77501,5792],{"class":67},[49,77503,71],{"class":63},[49,77505,4930],{"class":67},[49,77507,82],{"class":63},[49,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77511,249],{"class":55},[49,77513,91],{"class":63},[49,77515,34220],{"class":94},[49,77517,98],{"class":63},[49,77519,77520],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77521,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77525,105],{"class":104},[49,77527,108],{"class":63},[49,77529,249],{"class":94},[49,77531,272],{"class":63},[20,77533,275],{},[40,77535,77537],{"className":42,"code":77536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77538,77539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77542,938],{"class":63},[49,77544,68],{"class":67},[49,77546,71],{"class":63},[49,77548,79],{"class":67},[49,77550,71],{"class":63},[49,77552,5792],{"class":67},[49,77554,71],{"class":63},[49,77556,5437],{"class":67},[49,77558,82],{"class":63},[20,77560,120,77561,77563],{},[15,77562,77375],{}," for descending order:",[40,77565,77567],{"className":42,"code":77566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77568,77569,77593,77611,77615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77570,77571,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77572,214],{"class":55},[49,77574,60],{"class":59},[49,77576,64],{"class":63},[49,77578,221],{"class":67},[49,77580,71],{"class":63},[49,77582,79],{"class":67},[49,77584,71],{"class":63},[49,77586,5792],{"class":67},[49,77588,71],{"class":63},[49,77590,4930],{"class":67},[49,77592,82],{"class":63},[49,77594,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77596,249],{"class":55},[49,77598,91],{"class":63},[49,77600,34220],{"class":94},[49,77602,108],{"class":63},[49,77604,72861],{"class":8607},[49,77606,60],{"class":59},[49,77608,3039],{"class":3281},[49,77610,272],{"class":63},[49,77612,77613],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77614,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77616,77617,77619,77621,77623],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77618,105],{"class":104},[49,77620,108],{"class":63},[49,77622,249],{"class":94},[49,77624,272],{"class":63},[20,77626,275],{},[40,77628,77630],{"className":42,"code":77629,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77631,77632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77633,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77635,938],{"class":63},[49,77637,221],{"class":67},[49,77639,71],{"class":63},[49,77641,5792],{"class":67},[49,77643,71],{"class":63},[49,77645,79],{"class":67},[49,77647,71],{"class":63},[49,77649,4930],{"class":67},[49,77651,82],{"class":63},[20,77653,77654],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77656,77657,77658,91],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[308,77659,77661],{"href":77660},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[35,77663,77665],{"id":77664},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77667,77668],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[40,77670,77672],{"className":42,"code":77671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77673,77674,77706,77716,77720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77675,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77677,3501],{"class":55},[49,77679,60],{"class":59},[49,77681,64],{"class":63},[49,77683,347],{"class":346},[49,77685,3519],{"class":350},[49,77687,347],{"class":346},[49,77689,71],{"class":63},[49,77691,357],{"class":346},[49,77693,3510],{"class":350},[49,77695,347],{"class":346},[49,77697,71],{"class":63},[49,77699,357],{"class":346},[49,77701,3528],{"class":350},[49,77703,347],{"class":346},[49,77705,82],{"class":63},[49,77707,77708,77710,77712,77714],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77709,3545],{"class":55},[49,77711,91],{"class":63},[49,77713,34220],{"class":94},[49,77715,98],{"class":63},[49,77717,77718],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77719,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77721,77722,77724,77726,77728],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77723,105],{"class":104},[49,77725,108],{"class":63},[49,77727,3545],{"class":94},[49,77729,272],{"class":63},[20,77731,275],{},[40,77733,77735],{"className":42,"code":77734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77736,77737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77738,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77740,938],{"class":63},[49,77742,2734],{"class":346},[49,77744,3510],{"class":350},[49,77746,2734],{"class":346},[49,77748,71],{"class":63},[49,77750,2729],{"class":346},[49,77752,3519],{"class":350},[49,77754,2734],{"class":346},[49,77756,71],{"class":63},[49,77758,2729],{"class":346},[49,77760,3528],{"class":350},[49,77762,2734],{"class":346},[49,77764,82],{"class":63},[20,77766,77767],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[40,77769,77771],{"className":42,"code":77770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77772,77773,77805,77815,77819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77774,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77776,3501],{"class":55},[49,77778,60],{"class":59},[49,77780,64],{"class":63},[49,77782,347],{"class":346},[49,77784,3519],{"class":350},[49,77786,347],{"class":346},[49,77788,71],{"class":63},[49,77790,357],{"class":346},[49,77792,57050],{"class":350},[49,77794,347],{"class":346},[49,77796,71],{"class":63},[49,77798,357],{"class":346},[49,77800,3528],{"class":350},[49,77802,347],{"class":346},[49,77804,82],{"class":63},[49,77806,77807,77809,77811,77813],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77808,3545],{"class":55},[49,77810,91],{"class":63},[49,77812,34220],{"class":94},[49,77814,98],{"class":63},[49,77816,77817],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77818,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77820,77821,77823,77825,77827],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77822,105],{"class":104},[49,77824,108],{"class":63},[49,77826,3545],{"class":94},[49,77828,272],{"class":63},[20,77830,275],{},[40,77832,77834],{"className":42,"code":77833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77835,77836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77837,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77839,938],{"class":63},[49,77841,2734],{"class":346},[49,77843,57050],{"class":350},[49,77845,2734],{"class":346},[49,77847,71],{"class":63},[49,77849,2729],{"class":346},[49,77851,3519],{"class":350},[49,77853,2734],{"class":346},[49,77855,71],{"class":63},[49,77857,2729],{"class":346},[49,77859,3528],{"class":350},[49,77861,2734],{"class":346},[49,77863,82],{"class":63},[20,77865,77866,77867,135],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77868,77869],{},"key=str.lower",[40,77871,77873],{"className":42,"code":77872,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77874,77875,77907,77929,77933],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77878,3501],{"class":55},[49,77880,60],{"class":59},[49,77882,64],{"class":63},[49,77884,347],{"class":346},[49,77886,3519],{"class":350},[49,77888,347],{"class":346},[49,77890,71],{"class":63},[49,77892,357],{"class":346},[49,77894,57050],{"class":350},[49,77896,347],{"class":346},[49,77898,71],{"class":63},[49,77900,357],{"class":346},[49,77902,3528],{"class":350},[49,77904,347],{"class":346},[49,77906,82],{"class":63},[49,77908,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,77910,3545],{"class":55},[49,77912,91],{"class":63},[49,77914,34220],{"class":94},[49,77916,108],{"class":63},[49,77918,14262],{"class":8607},[49,77920,60],{"class":59},[49,77922,2877],{"class":1174},[49,77924,91],{"class":63},[49,77926,8071],{"class":915},[49,77928,272],{"class":63},[49,77930,77931],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,77932,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,77934,77935,77937,77939,77941],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,77936,105],{"class":104},[49,77938,108],{"class":63},[49,77940,3545],{"class":94},[49,77942,272],{"class":63},[20,77944,275],{},[40,77946,77947],{"className":42,"code":77833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,77948,77949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77950,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77952,938],{"class":63},[49,77954,2734],{"class":346},[49,77956,57050],{"class":350},[49,77958,2734],{"class":346},[49,77960,71],{"class":63},[49,77962,2729],{"class":346},[49,77964,3519],{"class":350},[49,77966,2734],{"class":346},[49,77968,71],{"class":63},[49,77970,2729],{"class":346},[49,77972,3528],{"class":350},[49,77974,2734],{"class":346},[49,77976,82],{"class":63},[20,77978,77979,77980,77983],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,77981,77982],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[35,77985,36035,77987,36038],{"id":77986},"using-the-key-argument",[15,77988,14262],{},[20,77990,1409,77991,77993],{},[15,77992,14262],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,77995,6777],{},[137,77997,77998,78003],{},[140,77999,78000,78002],{},[15,78001,10592],{}," to sort by length",[140,78004,78005,78007],{},[15,78006,77982],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78009,78010],{},"Sort words by length:",[40,78012,78014],{"className":42,"code":78013,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78015,78016,78057,78075,78079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78017,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78019,3501],{"class":55},[49,78021,60],{"class":59},[49,78023,64],{"class":63},[49,78025,347],{"class":346},[49,78027,78028],{"class":350},"pear",[49,78030,347],{"class":346},[49,78032,71],{"class":63},[49,78034,357],{"class":346},[49,78036,3519],{"class":350},[49,78038,347],{"class":346},[49,78040,71],{"class":63},[49,78042,357],{"class":346},[49,78044,37781],{"class":350},[49,78046,347],{"class":346},[49,78048,71],{"class":63},[49,78050,357],{"class":346},[49,78052,3510],{"class":350},[49,78054,347],{"class":346},[49,78056,82],{"class":63},[49,78058,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78060,3545],{"class":55},[49,78062,91],{"class":63},[49,78064,34220],{"class":94},[49,78066,108],{"class":63},[49,78068,14262],{"class":8607},[49,78070,60],{"class":59},[49,78072,10592],{"class":104},[49,78074,272],{"class":63},[49,78076,78077],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78078,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78082,105],{"class":104},[49,78084,108],{"class":63},[49,78086,3545],{"class":94},[49,78088,272],{"class":63},[20,78090,275],{},[40,78092,78094],{"className":42,"code":78093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78095,78096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78097,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78099,938],{"class":63},[49,78101,2734],{"class":346},[49,78103,37781],{"class":350},[49,78105,2734],{"class":346},[49,78107,71],{"class":63},[49,78109,2729],{"class":346},[49,78111,78028],{"class":350},[49,78113,2734],{"class":346},[49,78115,71],{"class":63},[49,78117,2729],{"class":346},[49,78119,3510],{"class":350},[49,78121,2734],{"class":346},[49,78123,71],{"class":63},[49,78125,2729],{"class":346},[49,78127,3519],{"class":350},[49,78129,2734],{"class":346},[49,78131,82],{"class":63},[20,78133,78134],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[40,78136,78138],{"className":42,"code":78137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78139,78140,78173,78195,78199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78141,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78169,78171],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78143,3501],{"class":55},[49,78145,60],{"class":59},[49,78147,64],{"class":63},[49,78149,347],{"class":346},[49,78151,4443],{"class":350},[49,78153,347],{"class":346},[49,78155,71],{"class":63},[49,78157,357],{"class":346},[49,78159,17225],{"class":350},[49,78161,347],{"class":346},[49,78163,71],{"class":63},[49,78165,357],{"class":346},[49,78167,78168],{"class":350},"Carol",[49,78170,347],{"class":346},[49,78172,82],{"class":63},[49,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78176,3545],{"class":55},[49,78178,91],{"class":63},[49,78180,34220],{"class":94},[49,78182,108],{"class":63},[49,78184,14262],{"class":8607},[49,78186,60],{"class":59},[49,78188,2877],{"class":1174},[49,78190,91],{"class":63},[49,78192,8071],{"class":915},[49,78194,272],{"class":63},[49,78196,78197],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78198,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78200,78201,78203,78205,78207],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78202,105],{"class":104},[49,78204,108],{"class":63},[49,78206,3545],{"class":94},[49,78208,272],{"class":63},[20,78210,275],{},[40,78212,78214],{"className":42,"code":78213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78215,78216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78217,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78219,938],{"class":63},[49,78221,2734],{"class":346},[49,78223,17225],{"class":350},[49,78225,2734],{"class":346},[49,78227,71],{"class":63},[49,78229,2729],{"class":346},[49,78231,4443],{"class":350},[49,78233,2734],{"class":346},[49,78235,71],{"class":63},[49,78237,2729],{"class":346},[49,78239,78168],{"class":350},[49,78241,2734],{"class":346},[49,78243,82],{"class":63},[20,78245,1409,78246,78248],{},[15,78247,14262],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[35,78250,78252,10018,78254],{"id":78251},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78253,77151],{},[15,78255,73708],{},[20,78257,78258,618,78260,78262],{},[15,78259,77151],{},[15,78261,73708],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78264,78265,135],{},[15,78266,77151],{},[137,78268,78269,78272],{},[140,78270,78271],{},"Changes the existing list",[140,78273,10851,78274],{},[15,78275,323],{},[20,78277,78278,135],{},[15,78279,73708],{},[137,78281,78282,78285],{},[140,78283,78284],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[140,78286,78287],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78289,761],{},[40,78291,78293],{"className":42,"code":78292,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78294,78295,78315,78319,78333,78337,78347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78296,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78298,214],{"class":55},[49,78300,60],{"class":59},[49,78302,64],{"class":63},[49,78304,1494],{"class":67},[49,78306,71],{"class":63},[49,78308,4930],{"class":67},[49,78310,71],{"class":63},[49,78312,74],{"class":67},[49,78314,82],{"class":63},[49,78316,78317],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78318,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78320,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78322,55171],{"class":55},[49,78324,60],{"class":59},[49,78326,73842],{"class":104},[49,78328,108],{"class":63},[49,78330,249],{"class":94},[49,78332,272],{"class":63},[49,78334,78335],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78336,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78338,78339,78341,78343,78345],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,78340,105],{"class":104},[49,78342,108],{"class":63},[49,78344,249],{"class":94},[49,78346,272],{"class":63},[49,78348,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,78350,105],{"class":104},[49,78352,108],{"class":63},[49,78354,73565],{"class":94},[49,78356,272],{"class":63},[20,78358,275],{},[40,78360,78361],{"className":42,"code":73877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,78362,78363,78379],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78364,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78366,938],{"class":63},[49,78368,1494],{"class":67},[49,78370,71],{"class":63},[49,78372,4930],{"class":67},[49,78374,71],{"class":63},[49,78376,74],{"class":67},[49,78378,82],{"class":63},[49,78380,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78382,938],{"class":63},[49,78384,68],{"class":67},[49,78386,71],{"class":63},[49,78388,74],{"class":67},[49,78390,71],{"class":63},[49,78392,79],{"class":67},[49,78394,82],{"class":63},[20,78396,120,78397,78399],{},[15,78398,73708],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78401,78402,78403,618,78407,91],{},"You can learn more in ",[308,78404,3010,78405,5216],{"href":73805},[15,78406,73708],{},[308,78408,78410],{"href":78409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[35,78412,2261],{"id":2260},[20,78414,78415,78416,91],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78417,77151],{},[528,78419,12017,78421],{"id":78420},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78422,63595],{},[20,78424,25113],{},[40,78426,78428],{"className":42,"code":78427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78429,78430,78450,78464,78468,78478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78431,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78433,214],{"class":55},[49,78435,60],{"class":59},[49,78437,64],{"class":63},[49,78439,1494],{"class":67},[49,78441,71],{"class":63},[49,78443,4930],{"class":67},[49,78445,71],{"class":63},[49,78447,74],{"class":67},[49,78449,82],{"class":63},[49,78451,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78453,382],{"class":55},[49,78455,60],{"class":59},[49,78457,3695],{"class":55},[49,78459,91],{"class":63},[49,78461,34220],{"class":94},[49,78463,98],{"class":63},[49,78465,78466],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78467,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78471,105],{"class":104},[49,78473,108],{"class":63},[49,78475,420],{"class":94},[49,78477,272],{"class":63},[49,78479,78480,78482,78484,78486],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,78481,105],{"class":104},[49,78483,108],{"class":63},[49,78485,249],{"class":94},[49,78487,272],{"class":63},[20,78489,275],{},[40,78491,78493],{"className":42,"code":78492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78494,78495,78499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78496,78497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78498,11232],{"class":3281},[49,78500,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78502,938],{"class":63},[49,78504,68],{"class":67},[49,78506,71],{"class":63},[49,78508,74],{"class":67},[49,78510,71],{"class":63},[49,78512,79],{"class":67},[49,78514,82],{"class":63},[20,78516,78517,78519,78520,91],{},[15,78518,63595],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78521,323],{},[20,78523,78524,78525,6064],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78526,73708],{},[528,78528,78530],{"id":78529},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78532,78533],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[40,78535,78537],{"className":42,"code":78536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78538,78539,78564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78540,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78556,78558,78560,78562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78542,56],{"class":55},[49,78544,60],{"class":59},[49,78546,64],{"class":63},[49,78548,68],{"class":67},[49,78550,71],{"class":63},[49,78552,357],{"class":346},[49,78554,78555],{"class":350},"two",[49,78557,347],{"class":346},[49,78559,71],{"class":63},[49,78561,79],{"class":67},[49,78563,82],{"class":63},[49,78565,78566,78568,78570,78572],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78567,88],{"class":55},[49,78569,91],{"class":63},[49,78571,34220],{"class":94},[49,78573,98],{"class":63},[20,78575,2434,78576,78578],{},[15,78577,2437],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[528,78580,4135,78582,78584],{"id":78581},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78583,63595],{}," only works on lists",[20,78586,78587,78589],{},[15,78588,63595],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78591,16066],{},[40,78593,78595],{"className":42,"code":78594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78596,78597,78609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78598,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78600,1114],{"class":55},[49,78602,60],{"class":59},[49,78604,357],{"class":346},[49,78606,44],{"class":350},[49,78608,1124],{"class":346},[49,78610,78611,78613,78615,78617],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78612,1129],{"class":55},[49,78614,91],{"class":63},[49,78616,34220],{"class":94},[49,78618,98],{"class":63},[20,78620,78621,78622,1141],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78623,63595],{},[20,78625,78626],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[40,78628,78630],{"className":42,"code":78629,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78631,78632,78650,78660,78664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78633,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78635,35513],{"class":55},[49,78637,60],{"class":59},[49,78639,21982],{"class":1174},[49,78641,108],{"class":63},[49,78643,347],{"class":346},[49,78645,44],{"class":350},[49,78647,347],{"class":346},[49,78649,272],{"class":63},[49,78651,78652,78654,78656,78658],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78653,35566],{"class":55},[49,78655,91],{"class":63},[49,78657,34220],{"class":94},[49,78659,98],{"class":63},[49,78661,78662],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78663,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78667,105],{"class":104},[49,78669,108],{"class":63},[49,78671,35566],{"class":94},[49,78673,272],{"class":63},[20,78675,275],{},[40,78677,78679],{"className":42,"code":78678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78680,78681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78684,938],{"class":63},[49,78686,2734],{"class":346},[49,78688,59721],{"class":350},[49,78690,2734],{"class":346},[49,78692,71],{"class":63},[49,78694,2729],{"class":346},[49,78696,75314],{"class":350},[49,78698,2734],{"class":346},[49,78700,71],{"class":63},[49,78702,2729],{"class":346},[49,78704,59756],{"class":350},[49,78706,2734],{"class":346},[49,78708,71],{"class":63},[49,78710,2729],{"class":346},[49,78712,20],{"class":350},[49,78714,2734],{"class":346},[49,78716,71],{"class":63},[49,78718,2729],{"class":346},[49,78720,62570],{"class":350},[49,78722,2734],{"class":346},[49,78724,71],{"class":63},[49,78726,2729],{"class":346},[49,78728,11169],{"class":350},[49,78730,2734],{"class":346},[49,78732,82],{"class":63},[528,78734,78736,78737,78739],{"id":78735},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78738,14262],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78741,78742,78743,91],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78744,14262],{},[20,78746,78747,78748,78750],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78749,63595],{}," will not do that:",[40,78752,78754],{"className":42,"code":78753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78755,78756,78788,78806,78810],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78759,3501],{"class":55},[49,78761,60],{"class":59},[49,78763,64],{"class":63},[49,78765,347],{"class":346},[49,78767,3519],{"class":350},[49,78769,347],{"class":346},[49,78771,71],{"class":63},[49,78773,357],{"class":346},[49,78775,37781],{"class":350},[49,78777,347],{"class":346},[49,78779,71],{"class":63},[49,78781,357],{"class":346},[49,78783,3510],{"class":350},[49,78785,347],{"class":346},[49,78787,82],{"class":63},[49,78789,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78791,3545],{"class":55},[49,78793,91],{"class":63},[49,78795,34220],{"class":94},[49,78797,108],{"class":63},[49,78799,14262],{"class":8607},[49,78801,60],{"class":59},[49,78803,10592],{"class":104},[49,78805,272],{"class":63},[49,78807,78808],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78809,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78811,78812,78814,78816,78818],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78813,105],{"class":104},[49,78815,108],{"class":63},[49,78817,3545],{"class":94},[49,78819,272],{"class":63},[528,78821,78823],{"id":78822},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78825,78826],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[40,78828,78830],{"className":42,"code":78829,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78831,78832,78866,78876,78880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78833,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78862,78864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78835,3501],{"class":55},[49,78837,60],{"class":59},[49,78839,64],{"class":63},[49,78841,347],{"class":346},[49,78843,78844],{"class":350},"zebra",[49,78846,347],{"class":346},[49,78848,71],{"class":63},[49,78850,357],{"class":346},[49,78852,57050],{"class":350},[49,78854,347],{"class":346},[49,78856,71],{"class":63},[49,78858,357],{"class":346},[49,78860,78861],{"class":350},"monkey",[49,78863,347],{"class":346},[49,78865,82],{"class":63},[49,78867,78868,78870,78872,78874],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78869,3545],{"class":55},[49,78871,91],{"class":63},[49,78873,34220],{"class":94},[49,78875,98],{"class":63},[49,78877,78878],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78879,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,78881,78882,78884,78886,78888],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78883,105],{"class":104},[49,78885,108],{"class":63},[49,78887,3545],{"class":94},[49,78889,272],{"class":63},[20,78891,275],{},[40,78893,78895],{"className":42,"code":78894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78896,78897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78900,938],{"class":63},[49,78902,2734],{"class":346},[49,78904,57050],{"class":350},[49,78906,2734],{"class":346},[49,78908,71],{"class":63},[49,78910,2729],{"class":346},[49,78912,78861],{"class":350},[49,78914,2734],{"class":346},[49,78916,71],{"class":63},[49,78918,2729],{"class":346},[49,78920,78844],{"class":350},[49,78922,2734],{"class":346},[49,78924,82],{"class":63},[20,78926,120,78927,78929],{},[15,78928,77869],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[528,78931,59993],{"id":59992},[20,78933,78934],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,78936,78938],{"className":42,"code":78937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,78939,78940,78950,78964,78978,78992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78941,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78943,105],{"class":104},[49,78945,108],{"class":63},[49,78947,177],{"class":94},[49,78949,272],{"class":63},[49,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,78953,105],{"class":104},[49,78955,108],{"class":63},[49,78957,1175],{"class":1174},[49,78959,108],{"class":63},[49,78961,177],{"class":94},[49,78963,1182],{"class":63},[49,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,78967,105],{"class":104},[49,78969,108],{"class":63},[49,78971,177],{"class":94},[49,78973,91],{"class":63},[49,78975,34220],{"class":94},[49,78977,6628],{"class":63},[49,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,78981,105],{"class":104},[49,78983,108],{"class":63},[49,78985,73798],{"class":104},[49,78987,108],{"class":63},[49,78989,177],{"class":94},[49,78991,1182],{"class":63},[49,78993,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,78995,105],{"class":104},[49,78997,2418],{"class":63},[49,78999,1175],{"class":1174},[49,79001,108],{"class":63},[49,79003,22733],{"class":94},[49,79005,113],{"class":63},[49,79007,3307],{"class":3306},[49,79009,5394],{"class":94},[49,79011,3313],{"class":3306},[49,79013,7827],{"class":94},[49,79015,3319],{"class":63},[20,79017,10601],{},[137,79019,79020,79023,79026,79033,79039],{},[140,79021,79022],{},"What values are in the list",[140,79024,79025],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[140,79027,79028,79029,320,79031],{},"That ",[15,79030,63595],{},[15,79032,323],{},[140,79034,79035,79036,79038],{},"Whether ",[15,79037,73708],{}," works better for your case",[140,79040,79041],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79043,79044,79045,79047],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79046,2437],{}," problems.",[35,79049,1253],{"id":1252},[528,79051,1257,79053,1269],{"id":79052},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79054,77151],{},[20,79056,61886,79057,91],{},[15,79058,323],{},[528,79060,1279,79062,618,79064,1284],{"id":79061},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79063,63595],{},[15,79065,73708],{},[20,79067,79068,79070,79071,79073],{},[15,79069,63595],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79072,73708],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[528,79075,79077],{"id":79076},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79079,18117],{},[40,79081,79083],{"className":42,"code":79082,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79084,79085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79086,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79088,177],{"class":55},[49,79090,91],{"class":63},[49,79092,34220],{"class":94},[49,79094,108],{"class":63},[49,79096,72861],{"class":8607},[49,79098,60],{"class":59},[49,79100,3039],{"class":3281},[49,79102,272],{"class":63},[528,79104,79106],{"id":79105},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79108,18117],{},[40,79110,79112],{"className":42,"code":79111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79113,79114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79115,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79117,177],{"class":55},[49,79119,91],{"class":63},[49,79121,34220],{"class":94},[49,79123,108],{"class":63},[49,79125,14262],{"class":8607},[49,79127,60],{"class":59},[49,79129,2877],{"class":1174},[49,79131,91],{"class":63},[49,79133,8071],{"class":915},[49,79135,272],{"class":63},[20,79137,79138],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[528,79140,79142,79143,79145],{"id":79141},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79144,2437],{}," when sorting?",[20,79147,79148],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[35,79150,1309],{"id":1308},[137,79152,79153,79158,79164,79168],{},[140,79154,79155],{},[308,79156,79157],{"href":77660},"How to sort a list in Python",[140,79159,79160],{},[308,79161,3010,79162,5216],{"href":73805},[15,79163,73708],{},[140,79165,79166],{},[308,79167,66361],{"href":50404},[140,79169,79170],{},[308,79171,78410],{"href":78409},[1352,79173,79174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":79176},[79177,79178,79180,79181,79182,79183,79185,79187,79198,79208],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":77217,"depth":85,"text":79179},"What list.sort() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":77472,"depth":85,"text":77473},{"id":77664,"depth":85,"text":77665},{"id":77986,"depth":85,"text":79184},"Using the key argument",{"id":78251,"depth":85,"text":79186},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":79188},[79189,79191,79192,79194,79196,79197],{"id":78420,"depth":101,"text":79190},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78529,"depth":101,"text":78530},{"id":78581,"depth":101,"text":79193},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78735,"depth":101,"text":79195},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78822,"depth":101,"text":78823},{"id":59992,"depth":101,"text":59993},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":79199},[79200,79202,79204,79205,79206],{"id":79052,"depth":101,"text":79201},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79061,"depth":101,"text":79203},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79076,"depth":101,"text":79077},{"id":79105,"depth":101,"text":79106},{"id":79141,"depth":101,"text":79207},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77139,"description":79209},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79216,"title":79217,"body":79218,"description":81849,"extension":1392,"meta":81850,"navigation":243,"path":81851,"seo":81852,"stem":81853,"__hash__":81854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79219,"toc":81808},[79220,79225,79230,79233,79244,79247,79267,79269,79331,79333,79374,79383,79388,79393,79399,79410,79412,79431,79434,79439,79444,79446,79451,79465,79467,79485,79488,79505,79508,79514,79537,79542,79544,79547,79608,79610,79643,79645,79684,79692,79702,79708,79713,79806,79808,79832,79834,79852,79855,79886,79892,79897,79900,79902,80027,80029,80053,80055,80074,80080,80086,80205,80207,80224,80231,80237,80242,80249,80255,80257,80314,80317,80338,80341,80344,80405,80407,80440,80444,80514,80516,80533,80537,80540,80615,80617,80654,80657,80660,80731,80733,80794,80799,80804,80807,80821,80823,80896,80898,80918,80921,80924,80981,81043,81046,81078,81081,81096,81101,81103,81109,81112,81168,81171,81173,81192,81196,81198,81242,81251,81253,81313,81317,81320,81322,81415,81417,81532,81536,81538,81612,81615,81618,81620,81625,81690,81692,81716,81726,81728,81734,81743,81752,81761,81767,81770,81774,81777,81779,81805],[10,79221,3010,79223,3014],{"id":79222},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79224,39140],{},[20,79226,3017,79227,79229],{},[15,79228,39140],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79231,79232],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[137,79234,79235,79238,79241],{},[140,79236,79237],{},"converting numbers to strings",[140,79239,79240],{},"changing strings to integers",[140,79242,79243],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79245,79246],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[137,79248,79249,79256,79262],{},[140,79250,79251,13474,79253,79255],{},[15,79252,39140],{},[30,79254,329],{}," return a list in Python 3",[140,79257,79258,79259],{},"it returns a ",[30,79260,79261],{},"map object",[140,79263,79264,79265],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79266,24203],{},[35,79268,1434],{"id":1433},[40,79270,79272],{"className":42,"code":79271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79273,79274,79298,79317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79275,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79277,214],{"class":55},[49,79279,60],{"class":59},[49,79281,64],{"class":63},[49,79283,68],{"class":67},[49,79285,71],{"class":63},[49,79287,74],{"class":67},[49,79289,71],{"class":63},[49,79291,79],{"class":67},[49,79293,71],{"class":63},[49,79295,1888],{"class":67},[49,79297,82],{"class":63},[49,79299,79300,79302,79304,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,79301,382],{"class":55},[49,79303,60],{"class":59},[49,79305,79306],{"class":104}," map",[49,79308,108],{"class":63},[49,79310,2877],{"class":1174},[49,79312,71],{"class":63},[49,79314,3695],{"class":94},[49,79316,272],{"class":63},[49,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,79320,105],{"class":104},[49,79322,108],{"class":63},[49,79324,7526],{"class":1174},[49,79326,108],{"class":63},[49,79328,420],{"class":94},[49,79330,1182],{"class":63},[20,79332,275],{},[40,79334,79336],{"className":42,"code":79335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79337,79338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79341,938],{"class":63},[49,79343,2734],{"class":346},[49,79345,68],{"class":350},[49,79347,2734],{"class":346},[49,79349,71],{"class":63},[49,79351,2729],{"class":346},[49,79353,1488],{"class":350},[49,79355,2734],{"class":346},[49,79357,71],{"class":63},[49,79359,2729],{"class":346},[49,79361,1494],{"class":350},[49,79363,2734],{"class":346},[49,79365,71],{"class":63},[49,79367,2729],{"class":346},[49,79369,1936],{"class":350},[49,79371,2734],{"class":346},[49,79373,82],{"class":63},[20,79375,120,79376,79379,79380,79382],{},[15,79377,79378],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79381,24203],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[35,79384,127,79386,130],{"id":79385},"what-map-does",[15,79387,39140],{},[20,79389,79390,79392],{},[15,79391,39140],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79394,79395,79396,79398],{},"An ",[30,79397,3151],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[137,79400,79401,79403,79405,79407],{},[140,79402,37325],{},[140,79404,37328],{},[140,79406,37331],{},[140,79408,79409],{},"a range object",[20,79411,30148],{},[40,79413,79415],{"className":42,"code":79414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79416,79417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79418,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79420,39283],{"class":104},[49,79422,108],{"class":63},[49,79424,37284],{"class":94},[49,79426,71],{"class":63},[49,79428,37289],{"class":94},[49,79430,272],{"class":63},[20,79432,79433],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79435,79436,79437,33163],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79438,79261],{},[20,79440,79441,79442,91],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[308,79443,4567],{"href":4566},[35,79445,164],{"id":163},[20,79447,79448,79450],{},[15,79449,39140],{}," needs at least two parts:",[137,79452,79453,79459],{},[140,79454,79455,79458],{},[30,79456,79457],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[140,79460,79461,79464],{},[30,79462,79463],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79466,3136],{},[40,79468,79469],{"className":42,"code":79414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,79470,79471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79472,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79474,39283],{"class":104},[49,79476,108],{"class":63},[49,79478,37284],{"class":94},[49,79480,71],{"class":63},[49,79482,37289],{"class":94},[49,79484,272],{"class":63},[20,79486,79487],{},"You can pass:",[137,79489,79490,79499,79502],{},[140,79491,79492,79493,1622,79495,1626,79497],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79494,2877],{},[15,79496,1621],{},[15,79498,1448],{},[140,79500,79501],{},"your own custom function",[140,79503,79504],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79506,79507],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79509,79510,79511,79513],{},"You will often see ",[15,79512,39140],{}," used like this:",[40,79515,79517],{"className":42,"code":79516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79518,79519],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79520,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79522,7526],{"class":1174},[49,79524,108],{"class":63},[49,79526,39283],{"class":104},[49,79528,108],{"class":63},[49,79530,37284],{"class":94},[49,79532,71],{"class":63},[49,79534,3316],{"class":94},[49,79536,1182],{"class":63},[20,79538,6110,79539,79541],{},[15,79540,24203],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[35,79543,201],{"id":200},[20,79545,79546],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[40,79548,79550],{"className":42,"code":79549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79551,79552,79572,79590,79594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79553,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79555,214],{"class":55},[49,79557,60],{"class":59},[49,79559,64],{"class":63},[49,79561,221],{"class":67},[49,79563,71],{"class":63},[49,79565,226],{"class":67},[49,79567,71],{"class":63},[49,79569,231],{"class":67},[49,79571,82],{"class":63},[49,79573,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,79575,382],{"class":55},[49,79577,60],{"class":59},[49,79579,79306],{"class":104},[49,79581,108],{"class":63},[49,79583,2877],{"class":1174},[49,79585,71],{"class":63},[49,79587,3695],{"class":94},[49,79589,272],{"class":63},[49,79591,79592],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,79593,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,79595,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,79597,105],{"class":104},[49,79599,108],{"class":63},[49,79601,7526],{"class":1174},[49,79603,108],{"class":63},[49,79605,420],{"class":94},[49,79607,1182],{"class":63},[20,79609,275],{},[40,79611,79613],{"className":42,"code":79612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79614,79615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79616,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79618,938],{"class":63},[49,79620,2734],{"class":346},[49,79622,221],{"class":350},[49,79624,2734],{"class":346},[49,79626,71],{"class":63},[49,79628,2729],{"class":346},[49,79630,15176],{"class":350},[49,79632,2734],{"class":346},[49,79634,71],{"class":63},[49,79636,2729],{"class":346},[49,79638,36264],{"class":350},[49,79640,2734],{"class":346},[49,79642,82],{"class":63},[20,79644,287],{},[137,79646,79647,79652,79660,79668,79676],{},[140,79648,79649,79651],{},[15,79650,249],{}," contains integers",[140,79653,79654,79657,79658],{},[15,79655,79656],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79659,47108],{},[140,79661,79662,483,79665],{},[15,79663,79664],{},"str(10)",[15,79666,79667],{},"'10'",[140,79669,79670,483,79673],{},[15,79671,79672],{},"str(20)",[15,79674,79675],{},"'20'",[140,79677,79678,483,79681],{},[15,79679,79680],{},"str(30)",[15,79682,79683],{},"'30'",[20,79685,53077,79686,79688,79689,79691],{},[15,79687,39140],{}," applies ",[15,79690,47108],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79693,79694,79695,79697,79698,91],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79696,24203],{}," better, see ",[308,79699,3010,79700,2943],{"href":64131},[15,79701,24203],{},[35,79703,1092,79705,79707],{"id":79704},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79706,39140],{}," with your own function",[20,79709,15136,79710,79712],{},[15,79711,39140],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[40,79714,79716],{"className":42,"code":79715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79717,79718,79731,79741,79745,79769,79788,79792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79719,79720,79722,79725,79727,79729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79721,34272],{"class":1497},[49,79723,79724],{"class":34275}," double",[49,79726,108],{"class":63},[49,79728,1606],{"class":37086},[49,79730,7773],{"class":63},[49,79732,79733,79735,79737,79739],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,79734,34283],{"class":3306},[49,79736,3310],{"class":55},[49,79738,39296],{"class":59},[49,79740,45013],{"class":67},[49,79742,79743],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,79744,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,79746,79747,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,79748,214],{"class":55},[49,79750,60],{"class":59},[49,79752,64],{"class":63},[49,79754,68],{"class":67},[49,79756,71],{"class":63},[49,79758,74],{"class":67},[49,79760,71],{"class":63},[49,79762,79],{"class":67},[49,79764,71],{"class":63},[49,79766,1888],{"class":67},[49,79768,82],{"class":63},[49,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79782,79784,79786],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,79772,382],{"class":55},[49,79774,60],{"class":59},[49,79776,79306],{"class":104},[49,79778,108],{"class":63},[49,79780,79781],{"class":94},"double",[49,79783,71],{"class":63},[49,79785,3695],{"class":94},[49,79787,272],{"class":63},[49,79789,79790],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,79791,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,79793,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,79795,105],{"class":104},[49,79797,108],{"class":63},[49,79799,7526],{"class":1174},[49,79801,108],{"class":63},[49,79803,420],{"class":94},[49,79805,1182],{"class":63},[20,79807,275],{},[40,79809,79810],{"className":42,"code":39309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,79811,79812],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79815,938],{"class":63},[49,79817,1488],{"class":67},[49,79819,71],{"class":63},[49,79821,1888],{"class":67},[49,79823,71],{"class":63},[49,79825,37067],{"class":67},[49,79827,71],{"class":63},[49,79829,5792],{"class":67},[49,79831,82],{"class":63},[20,79833,64868],{},[137,79835,79836,79843,79849],{},[140,79837,79838,79840,79841],{},[15,79839,39140],{}," takes the function ",[15,79842,79781],{},[140,79844,79845,79846,79848],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79847,249],{}," into that function",[140,79850,79851],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79853,79854],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[137,79856,79857,79864,79871,79879],{},[140,79858,79859,5505,79862],{},[15,79860,79861],{},"double(1)",[15,79863,1488],{},[140,79865,79866,5505,79869],{},[15,79867,79868],{},"double(2)",[15,79870,1936],{},[140,79872,79873,5505,79876],{},[15,79874,79875],{},"double(3)",[15,79877,79878],{},"6",[140,79880,79881,5505,79884],{},[15,79882,79883],{},"double(4)",[15,79885,1777],{},[35,79887,1092,79889,79891],{"id":79888},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79890,39140],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79893,79894,79896],{},[15,79895,39140],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79898,79899],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79901,761],{},[40,79903,79905],{"className":42,"code":79904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79906,79907,79924,79934,79938,79959,79980,79984,80009,80013],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79908,79909,79911,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79910,34272],{"class":1497},[49,79912,79913],{"class":34275}," add_numbers",[49,79915,108],{"class":63},[49,79917,308],{"class":37086},[49,79919,71],{"class":63},[49,79921,1990],{"class":37086},[49,79923,7773],{"class":63},[49,79925,79926,79928,79930,79932],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,79927,34283],{"class":3306},[49,79929,43968],{"class":55},[49,79931,1491],{"class":59},[49,79933,35604],{"class":55},[49,79935,79936],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,79937,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,79939,79940,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,79941,79942],{"class":55},"list1 ",[49,79944,60],{"class":59},[49,79946,64],{"class":63},[49,79948,68],{"class":67},[49,79950,71],{"class":63},[49,79952,74],{"class":67},[49,79954,71],{"class":63},[49,79956,79],{"class":67},[49,79958,82],{"class":63},[49,79960,79961,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,79962,79963],{"class":55},"list2 ",[49,79965,60],{"class":59},[49,79967,64],{"class":63},[49,79969,221],{"class":67},[49,79971,71],{"class":63},[49,79973,226],{"class":67},[49,79975,71],{"class":63},[49,79977,231],{"class":67},[49,79979,82],{"class":63},[49,79981,79982],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,79983,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,79985,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79997,79999,80002,80004,80007],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,79987,382],{"class":55},[49,79989,60],{"class":59},[49,79991,79306],{"class":104},[49,79993,108],{"class":63},[49,79995,79996],{"class":94},"add_numbers",[49,79998,71],{"class":63},[49,80000,80001],{"class":94}," list1",[49,80003,71],{"class":63},[49,80005,80006],{"class":94}," list2",[49,80008,272],{"class":63},[49,80010,80011],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,80012,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80014,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,80016,105],{"class":104},[49,80018,108],{"class":63},[49,80020,7526],{"class":1174},[49,80022,108],{"class":63},[49,80024,420],{"class":94},[49,80026,1182],{"class":63},[20,80028,275],{},[40,80030,80032],{"className":42,"code":80031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80033,80034],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80035,80036,80038,80041,80043,80046,80048,80051],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80037,938],{"class":63},[49,80039,80040],{"class":67},"11",[49,80042,71],{"class":63},[49,80044,80045],{"class":67}," 22",[49,80047,71],{"class":63},[49,80049,80050],{"class":67}," 33",[49,80052,82],{"class":63},[20,80054,1611],{},[137,80056,80057,80063,80069],{},[140,80058,80059,80060],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80061,80062],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[140,80064,80065,80066],{},"then ",[15,80067,80068],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[140,80070,80065,80071],{},[15,80072,80073],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[528,80075,80077,80079],{"id":80076},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80078,39140],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80081,80082,80083,80085],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80084,39140],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[40,80087,80089],{"className":42,"code":80088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80090,80091,80107,80117,80121,80145,80161,80165,80187,80191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80094,34272],{"class":1497},[49,80096,79913],{"class":34275},[49,80098,108],{"class":63},[49,80100,308],{"class":37086},[49,80102,71],{"class":63},[49,80104,1990],{"class":37086},[49,80106,7773],{"class":63},[49,80108,80109,80111,80113,80115],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80110,34283],{"class":3306},[49,80112,43968],{"class":55},[49,80114,1491],{"class":59},[49,80116,35604],{"class":55},[49,80118,80119],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80120,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80122,80123,80125,80127,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80124,79942],{"class":55},[49,80126,60],{"class":59},[49,80128,64],{"class":63},[49,80130,68],{"class":67},[49,80132,71],{"class":63},[49,80134,74],{"class":67},[49,80136,71],{"class":63},[49,80138,79],{"class":67},[49,80140,71],{"class":63},[49,80142,1888],{"class":67},[49,80144,82],{"class":63},[49,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,80148,79963],{"class":55},[49,80150,60],{"class":59},[49,80152,64],{"class":63},[49,80154,221],{"class":67},[49,80156,71],{"class":63},[49,80158,226],{"class":67},[49,80160,82],{"class":63},[49,80162,80163],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,80164,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80166,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,80168,382],{"class":55},[49,80170,60],{"class":59},[49,80172,79306],{"class":104},[49,80174,108],{"class":63},[49,80176,79996],{"class":94},[49,80178,71],{"class":63},[49,80180,80001],{"class":94},[49,80182,71],{"class":63},[49,80184,80006],{"class":94},[49,80186,272],{"class":63},[49,80188,80189],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,80190,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80192,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201,80203],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,80194,105],{"class":104},[49,80196,108],{"class":63},[49,80198,7526],{"class":1174},[49,80200,108],{"class":63},[49,80202,420],{"class":94},[49,80204,1182],{"class":63},[20,80206,275],{},[40,80208,80210],{"className":42,"code":80209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80211,80212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80215,938],{"class":63},[49,80217,80040],{"class":67},[49,80219,71],{"class":63},[49,80221,80045],{"class":67},[49,80223,82],{"class":63},[20,80225,80226,80227,80230],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80228,80229],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[35,80232,80234,80236],{"id":80233},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80235,39140],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80238,37447,80239,80241],{},[15,80240,39140],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80243,80244,80245,80248],{},"This object is ",[30,80246,80247],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[528,80250,1920,80252,80254],{"id":80251},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80253,32450],{}," looks strange",[20,80256,33064],{},[40,80258,80260],{"className":42,"code":80259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80261,80262,80282,80300,80304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80263,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80265,214],{"class":55},[49,80267,60],{"class":59},[49,80269,64],{"class":63},[49,80271,68],{"class":67},[49,80273,71],{"class":63},[49,80275,74],{"class":67},[49,80277,71],{"class":63},[49,80279,79],{"class":67},[49,80281,82],{"class":63},[49,80283,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80285,382],{"class":55},[49,80287,60],{"class":59},[49,80289,79306],{"class":104},[49,80291,108],{"class":63},[49,80293,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80295,71],{"class":63},[49,80297,3695],{"class":94},[49,80299,272],{"class":63},[49,80301,80302],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80303,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80305,80306,80308,80310,80312],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80307,105],{"class":104},[49,80309,108],{"class":63},[49,80311,420],{"class":94},[49,80313,272],{"class":63},[20,80315,80316],{},"Output will look something like this:",[40,80318,80320],{"className":42,"code":80319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80321,80322],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80323,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80325,2723],{"class":59},[49,80327,39283],{"class":104},[49,80329,24040],{"class":1174},[49,80331,36787],{"class":55},[49,80333,36791],{"class":36790},[49,80335,36794],{"class":33875},[49,80337,2737],{"class":59},[20,80339,80340],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80342,80343],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[40,80345,80347],{"className":42,"code":80346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80348,80349,80369,80387,80391],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80350,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80352,214],{"class":55},[49,80354,60],{"class":59},[49,80356,64],{"class":63},[49,80358,68],{"class":67},[49,80360,71],{"class":63},[49,80362,74],{"class":67},[49,80364,71],{"class":63},[49,80366,79],{"class":67},[49,80368,82],{"class":63},[49,80370,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80372,382],{"class":55},[49,80374,60],{"class":59},[49,80376,79306],{"class":104},[49,80378,108],{"class":63},[49,80380,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80382,71],{"class":63},[49,80384,3695],{"class":94},[49,80386,272],{"class":63},[49,80388,80389],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80390,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80392,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80394,105],{"class":104},[49,80396,108],{"class":63},[49,80398,7526],{"class":1174},[49,80400,108],{"class":63},[49,80402,420],{"class":94},[49,80404,1182],{"class":63},[20,80406,275],{},[40,80408,80410],{"className":42,"code":80409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80411,80412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80413,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80415,938],{"class":63},[49,80417,2734],{"class":346},[49,80419,68],{"class":350},[49,80421,2734],{"class":346},[49,80423,71],{"class":63},[49,80425,2729],{"class":346},[49,80427,1488],{"class":350},[49,80429,2734],{"class":346},[49,80431,71],{"class":63},[49,80433,2729],{"class":346},[49,80435,1494],{"class":350},[49,80437,2734],{"class":346},[49,80439,82],{"class":63},[528,80441,80443],{"id":80442},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[40,80445,80447],{"className":42,"code":80446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80448,80449,80469,80487,80491,80504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80450,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80452,214],{"class":55},[49,80454,60],{"class":59},[49,80456,64],{"class":63},[49,80458,68],{"class":67},[49,80460,71],{"class":63},[49,80462,74],{"class":67},[49,80464,71],{"class":63},[49,80466,79],{"class":67},[49,80468,82],{"class":63},[49,80470,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80472,382],{"class":55},[49,80474,60],{"class":59},[49,80476,79306],{"class":104},[49,80478,108],{"class":63},[49,80480,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80482,71],{"class":63},[49,80484,3695],{"class":94},[49,80486,272],{"class":63},[49,80488,80489],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80490,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80492,80493,80495,80497,80499,80502],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80494,5391],{"class":3306},[49,80496,5394],{"class":55},[49,80498,3313],{"class":3306},[49,80500,80501],{"class":55}," result",[49,80503,5826],{"class":63},[49,80505,80506,80508,80510,80512],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,80507,7501],{"class":104},[49,80509,108],{"class":63},[49,80511,22733],{"class":94},[49,80513,272],{"class":63},[20,80515,275],{},[40,80517,80519],{"className":42,"code":80518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80520,80521,80525,80529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80522,80523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80524,46341],{"class":67},[49,80526,80527],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80528,16479],{"class":67},[49,80530,80531],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80532,46041],{"class":67},[528,80534,80536],{"id":80535},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80538,80539],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[40,80541,80543],{"className":42,"code":80542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80544,80545,80565,80583,80587,80601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80546,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80548,214],{"class":55},[49,80550,60],{"class":59},[49,80552,64],{"class":63},[49,80554,68],{"class":67},[49,80556,71],{"class":63},[49,80558,74],{"class":67},[49,80560,71],{"class":63},[49,80562,79],{"class":67},[49,80564,82],{"class":63},[49,80566,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80568,382],{"class":55},[49,80570,60],{"class":59},[49,80572,79306],{"class":104},[49,80574,108],{"class":63},[49,80576,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80578,71],{"class":63},[49,80580,3695],{"class":94},[49,80582,272],{"class":63},[49,80584,80585],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80586,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80588,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80590,105],{"class":104},[49,80592,108],{"class":63},[49,80594,7526],{"class":1174},[49,80596,108],{"class":63},[49,80598,420],{"class":94},[49,80600,1182],{"class":63},[49,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,80604,105],{"class":104},[49,80606,108],{"class":63},[49,80608,7526],{"class":1174},[49,80610,108],{"class":63},[49,80612,420],{"class":94},[49,80614,1182],{"class":63},[20,80616,275],{},[40,80618,80620],{"className":42,"code":80619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80621,80622,80650],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80625,938],{"class":63},[49,80627,2734],{"class":346},[49,80629,68],{"class":350},[49,80631,2734],{"class":346},[49,80633,71],{"class":63},[49,80635,2729],{"class":346},[49,80637,1488],{"class":350},[49,80639,2734],{"class":346},[49,80641,71],{"class":63},[49,80643,2729],{"class":346},[49,80645,1494],{"class":350},[49,80647,2734],{"class":346},[49,80649,82],{"class":63},[49,80651,80652],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80653,278],{"class":63},[20,80655,80656],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80658,80659],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[40,80661,80663],{"className":42,"code":80662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80664,80665,80685,80707,80711,80721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80666,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80668,214],{"class":55},[49,80670,60],{"class":59},[49,80672,64],{"class":63},[49,80674,68],{"class":67},[49,80676,71],{"class":63},[49,80678,74],{"class":67},[49,80680,71],{"class":63},[49,80682,79],{"class":67},[49,80684,82],{"class":63},[49,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80688,382],{"class":55},[49,80690,60],{"class":59},[49,80692,21982],{"class":1174},[49,80694,108],{"class":63},[49,80696,39283],{"class":104},[49,80698,108],{"class":63},[49,80700,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80702,71],{"class":63},[49,80704,3695],{"class":94},[49,80706,1182],{"class":63},[49,80708,80709],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80710,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80712,80713,80715,80717,80719],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80714,105],{"class":104},[49,80716,108],{"class":63},[49,80718,420],{"class":94},[49,80720,272],{"class":63},[49,80722,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,80724,105],{"class":104},[49,80726,108],{"class":63},[49,80728,420],{"class":94},[49,80730,272],{"class":63},[20,80732,275],{},[40,80734,80736],{"className":42,"code":80735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80737,80738,80766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80739,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80741,938],{"class":63},[49,80743,2734],{"class":346},[49,80745,68],{"class":350},[49,80747,2734],{"class":346},[49,80749,71],{"class":63},[49,80751,2729],{"class":346},[49,80753,1488],{"class":350},[49,80755,2734],{"class":346},[49,80757,71],{"class":63},[49,80759,2729],{"class":346},[49,80761,1494],{"class":350},[49,80763,2734],{"class":346},[49,80765,82],{"class":63},[49,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80769,938],{"class":63},[49,80771,2734],{"class":346},[49,80773,68],{"class":350},[49,80775,2734],{"class":346},[49,80777,71],{"class":63},[49,80779,2729],{"class":346},[49,80781,1488],{"class":350},[49,80783,2734],{"class":346},[49,80785,71],{"class":63},[49,80787,2729],{"class":346},[49,80789,1494],{"class":350},[49,80791,2734],{"class":346},[49,80793,82],{"class":63},[35,80795,740,80797],{"id":80796},"when-to-use-map",[15,80798,39140],{},[20,80800,80801,80803],{},[15,80802,39140],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80805,80806],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[137,80808,80809,80813,80817],{},[140,80810,80811],{},[15,80812,2877],{},[140,80814,80815],{},[15,80816,1621],{},[140,80818,80819],{},[15,80820,1448],{},[20,80822,761],{},[40,80824,80826],{"className":42,"code":80825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80827,80828,80860,80882,80886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80829,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80831,3252],{"class":55},[49,80833,60],{"class":59},[49,80835,64],{"class":63},[49,80837,2734],{"class":346},[49,80839,68],{"class":350},[49,80841,2734],{"class":346},[49,80843,71],{"class":63},[49,80845,2729],{"class":346},[49,80847,1488],{"class":350},[49,80849,2734],{"class":346},[49,80851,71],{"class":63},[49,80853,2729],{"class":346},[49,80855,1494],{"class":350},[49,80857,2734],{"class":346},[49,80859,82],{"class":63},[49,80861,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80863,214],{"class":55},[49,80865,60],{"class":59},[49,80867,21982],{"class":1174},[49,80869,108],{"class":63},[49,80871,39283],{"class":104},[49,80873,108],{"class":63},[49,80875,1621],{"class":1174},[49,80877,71],{"class":63},[49,80879,3316],{"class":94},[49,80881,1182],{"class":63},[49,80883,80884],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80885,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,80889,105],{"class":104},[49,80891,108],{"class":63},[49,80893,249],{"class":94},[49,80895,272],{"class":63},[20,80897,275],{},[40,80899,80900],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,80901,80902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80903,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80905,938],{"class":63},[49,80907,68],{"class":67},[49,80909,71],{"class":63},[49,80911,74],{"class":67},[49,80913,71],{"class":63},[49,80915,79],{"class":67},[49,80917,82],{"class":63},[20,80919,80920],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,80922,80923],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[40,80925,80927],{"className":42,"code":80926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,80928,80929,80949,80971],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80930,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80932,214],{"class":55},[49,80934,60],{"class":59},[49,80936,64],{"class":63},[49,80938,68],{"class":67},[49,80940,71],{"class":63},[49,80942,74],{"class":67},[49,80944,71],{"class":63},[49,80946,79],{"class":67},[49,80948,82],{"class":63},[49,80950,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,80952,382],{"class":55},[49,80954,60],{"class":59},[49,80956,21982],{"class":1174},[49,80958,108],{"class":63},[49,80960,39283],{"class":104},[49,80962,108],{"class":63},[49,80964,2877],{"class":1174},[49,80966,71],{"class":63},[49,80968,3695],{"class":94},[49,80970,1182],{"class":63},[49,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,80974,105],{"class":104},[49,80976,108],{"class":63},[49,80978,420],{"class":94},[49,80980,272],{"class":63},[40,80982,80984],{"className":42,"code":80983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,80985,80986,81006,81033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80987,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80989,214],{"class":55},[49,80991,60],{"class":59},[49,80993,64],{"class":63},[49,80995,68],{"class":67},[49,80997,71],{"class":63},[49,80999,74],{"class":67},[49,81001,71],{"class":63},[49,81003,79],{"class":67},[49,81005,82],{"class":63},[49,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81027,81029,81031],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81009,382],{"class":55},[49,81011,60],{"class":59},[49,81013,64],{"class":63},[49,81015,2877],{"class":1174},[49,81017,108],{"class":63},[49,81019,75314],{"class":94},[49,81021,113],{"class":63},[49,81023,3307],{"class":3306},[49,81025,81026],{"class":55}," n ",[49,81028,3313],{"class":3306},[49,81030,3695],{"class":55},[49,81032,82],{"class":63},[49,81034,81035,81037,81039,81041],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81036,105],{"class":104},[49,81038,108],{"class":63},[49,81040,420],{"class":94},[49,81042,272],{"class":63},[20,81044,81045],{},"Both produce:",[40,81047,81048],{"className":42,"code":80409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81049,81050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81051,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81053,938],{"class":63},[49,81055,2734],{"class":346},[49,81057,68],{"class":350},[49,81059,2734],{"class":346},[49,81061,71],{"class":63},[49,81063,2729],{"class":346},[49,81065,1488],{"class":350},[49,81067,2734],{"class":346},[49,81069,71],{"class":63},[49,81071,2729],{"class":346},[49,81073,1494],{"class":350},[49,81075,2734],{"class":346},[49,81077,82],{"class":63},[20,81079,81080],{},"A simple rule:",[137,81082,81083,81088,81093],{},[140,81084,39414,81085,81087],{},[15,81086,39140],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[140,81089,39420,81090,81092],{},[15,81091,5391],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[140,81094,81095],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81097,81098,81099,91],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[308,81100,3825],{"href":3824},[35,81102,863],{"id":862},[528,81104,81106,81107],{"id":81105},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81108,24203],{},[20,81110,81111],{},"This is very common:",[40,81113,81114],{"className":42,"code":80259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81115,81116,81136,81154,81158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81117,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81119,214],{"class":55},[49,81121,60],{"class":59},[49,81123,64],{"class":63},[49,81125,68],{"class":67},[49,81127,71],{"class":63},[49,81129,74],{"class":67},[49,81131,71],{"class":63},[49,81133,79],{"class":67},[49,81135,82],{"class":63},[49,81137,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81139,382],{"class":55},[49,81141,60],{"class":59},[49,81143,79306],{"class":104},[49,81145,108],{"class":63},[49,81147,2877],{"class":1174},[49,81149,71],{"class":63},[49,81151,3695],{"class":94},[49,81153,272],{"class":63},[49,81155,81156],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81157,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81161,105],{"class":104},[49,81163,108],{"class":63},[49,81165,420],{"class":94},[49,81167,272],{"class":63},[20,81169,81170],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81172,38685],{},[40,81174,81176],{"className":42,"code":81175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81177,81178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81179,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81181,105],{"class":104},[49,81183,108],{"class":63},[49,81185,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81187,108],{"class":63},[49,81189,420],{"class":94},[49,81191,1182],{"class":63},[528,81193,81195],{"id":81194},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81197,16066],{},[40,81199,81201],{"className":42,"code":81200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81202,81203,81223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81206,214],{"class":55},[49,81208,60],{"class":59},[49,81210,64],{"class":63},[49,81212,68],{"class":67},[49,81214,71],{"class":63},[49,81216,74],{"class":67},[49,81218,71],{"class":63},[49,81220,79],{"class":67},[49,81222,82],{"class":63},[49,81224,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81238,81240],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81226,382],{"class":55},[49,81228,60],{"class":59},[49,81230,79306],{"class":104},[49,81232,108],{"class":63},[49,81234,2877],{"class":1174},[49,81236,81237],{"class":63},"(),",[49,81239,3695],{"class":94},[49,81241,272],{"class":63},[20,81243,81244,81245,81247,81248,81250],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81246,47108],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81249,39140],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81252,16078],{},[40,81254,81255],{"className":42,"code":80346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81256,81257,81277,81295,81299],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81260,214],{"class":55},[49,81262,60],{"class":59},[49,81264,64],{"class":63},[49,81266,68],{"class":67},[49,81268,71],{"class":63},[49,81270,74],{"class":67},[49,81272,71],{"class":63},[49,81274,79],{"class":67},[49,81276,82],{"class":63},[49,81278,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81280,382],{"class":55},[49,81282,60],{"class":59},[49,81284,79306],{"class":104},[49,81286,108],{"class":63},[49,81288,2877],{"class":1174},[49,81290,71],{"class":63},[49,81292,3695],{"class":94},[49,81294,272],{"class":63},[49,81296,81297],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81298,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81300,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81302,105],{"class":104},[49,81304,108],{"class":63},[49,81306,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81308,108],{"class":63},[49,81310,420],{"class":94},[49,81312,1182],{"class":63},[528,81314,81316],{"id":81315},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81318,81319],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81321,16066],{},[40,81323,81325],{"className":42,"code":81324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81326,81327,81344,81354,81358,81378,81397,81401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81328,81329,81331,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81330,34272],{"class":1497},[49,81332,81333],{"class":34275}," add",[49,81335,108],{"class":63},[49,81337,308],{"class":37086},[49,81339,71],{"class":63},[49,81341,1990],{"class":37086},[49,81343,7773],{"class":63},[49,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81347,34283],{"class":3306},[49,81349,43968],{"class":55},[49,81351,1491],{"class":59},[49,81353,35604],{"class":55},[49,81355,81356],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81357,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81361,214],{"class":55},[49,81363,60],{"class":59},[49,81365,64],{"class":63},[49,81367,68],{"class":67},[49,81369,71],{"class":63},[49,81371,74],{"class":67},[49,81373,71],{"class":63},[49,81375,79],{"class":67},[49,81377,82],{"class":63},[49,81379,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81391,81393,81395],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,81381,382],{"class":55},[49,81383,60],{"class":59},[49,81385,79306],{"class":104},[49,81387,108],{"class":63},[49,81389,81390],{"class":94},"add",[49,81392,71],{"class":63},[49,81394,3695],{"class":94},[49,81396,272],{"class":63},[49,81398,81399],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,81400,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81402,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,81404,105],{"class":104},[49,81406,108],{"class":63},[49,81408,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81410,108],{"class":63},[49,81412,420],{"class":94},[49,81414,1182],{"class":63},[20,81416,16078],{},[40,81418,81420],{"className":42,"code":81419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81421,81422,81438,81448,81452,81472,81492,81514,81518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81423,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81425,34272],{"class":1497},[49,81427,81333],{"class":34275},[49,81429,108],{"class":63},[49,81431,308],{"class":37086},[49,81433,71],{"class":63},[49,81435,1990],{"class":37086},[49,81437,7773],{"class":63},[49,81439,81440,81442,81444,81446],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81441,34283],{"class":3306},[49,81443,43968],{"class":55},[49,81445,1491],{"class":59},[49,81447,35604],{"class":55},[49,81449,81450],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81451,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81453,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81455,79942],{"class":55},[49,81457,60],{"class":59},[49,81459,64],{"class":63},[49,81461,68],{"class":67},[49,81463,71],{"class":63},[49,81465,74],{"class":67},[49,81467,71],{"class":63},[49,81469,79],{"class":67},[49,81471,82],{"class":63},[49,81473,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,81475,79963],{"class":55},[49,81477,60],{"class":59},[49,81479,64],{"class":63},[49,81481,221],{"class":67},[49,81483,71],{"class":63},[49,81485,226],{"class":67},[49,81487,71],{"class":63},[49,81489,231],{"class":67},[49,81491,82],{"class":63},[49,81493,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,81495,382],{"class":55},[49,81497,60],{"class":59},[49,81499,79306],{"class":104},[49,81501,108],{"class":63},[49,81503,81390],{"class":94},[49,81505,71],{"class":63},[49,81507,80001],{"class":94},[49,81509,71],{"class":63},[49,81511,80006],{"class":94},[49,81513,272],{"class":63},[49,81515,81516],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,81517,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81519,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,81521,105],{"class":104},[49,81523,108],{"class":63},[49,81525,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81527,108],{"class":63},[49,81529,420],{"class":94},[49,81531,1182],{"class":63},[528,81533,81535],{"id":81534},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81537,16066],{},[40,81539,81540],{"className":42,"code":80542,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81541,81542,81562,81580,81584,81598],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81543,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81545,214],{"class":55},[49,81547,60],{"class":59},[49,81549,64],{"class":63},[49,81551,68],{"class":67},[49,81553,71],{"class":63},[49,81555,74],{"class":67},[49,81557,71],{"class":63},[49,81559,79],{"class":67},[49,81561,82],{"class":63},[49,81563,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81565,382],{"class":55},[49,81567,60],{"class":59},[49,81569,79306],{"class":104},[49,81571,108],{"class":63},[49,81573,2877],{"class":1174},[49,81575,71],{"class":63},[49,81577,3695],{"class":94},[49,81579,272],{"class":63},[49,81581,81582],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81583,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81587,105],{"class":104},[49,81589,108],{"class":63},[49,81591,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81593,108],{"class":63},[49,81595,420],{"class":94},[49,81597,1182],{"class":63},[49,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,81601,105],{"class":104},[49,81603,108],{"class":63},[49,81605,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81607,108],{"class":63},[49,81609,420],{"class":94},[49,81611,1182],{"class":63},[20,81613,81614],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81616,81617],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[35,81619,67179],{"id":67178},[20,81621,8306,81622,81624],{},[15,81623,39140],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,81626,81628],{"className":42,"code":81627,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81629,81630,81640,81654,81668,81680],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81631,81632,81634,81636,81638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81633,105],{"class":104},[49,81635,108],{"class":63},[49,81637,420],{"class":94},[49,81639,272],{"class":63},[49,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81643,105],{"class":104},[49,81645,108],{"class":63},[49,81647,7526],{"class":1174},[49,81649,108],{"class":63},[49,81651,420],{"class":94},[49,81653,1182],{"class":63},[49,81655,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81657,105],{"class":104},[49,81659,108],{"class":63},[49,81661,1175],{"class":1174},[49,81663,108],{"class":63},[49,81665,420],{"class":94},[49,81667,1182],{"class":63},[49,81669,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81671,5391],{"class":3306},[49,81673,5394],{"class":55},[49,81675,3313],{"class":3306},[49,81677,80501],{"class":55},[49,81679,5826],{"class":63},[49,81681,81682,81684,81686,81688],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,81683,7501],{"class":104},[49,81685,108],{"class":63},[49,81687,22733],{"class":94},[49,81689,272],{"class":63},[20,81691,12094],{},[137,81693,81694,81699,81704,81710],{},[140,81695,81696,81698],{},[15,81697,32450],{}," shows that you have a map object",[140,81700,81701,81703],{},[15,81702,32458],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[140,81705,81706,81709],{},[15,81707,81708],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[140,81711,81712,81713,81715],{},"looping over ",[15,81714,420],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81717,81718,81719,81722,81723,81725],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81720,81721],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81724,5391],{}," loop consume the map object.",[35,81727,1253],{"id":1252},[528,81729,1257,81731,81733],{"id":81730},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81732,39140],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81735,81736,81737,81739,81740,23361],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81738,39140],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81741,81742],{},"list(map(...))",[528,81744,14324,81746,81748,81749,81751],{"id":81745},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81747,39140],{}," better than a ",[15,81750,5391],{}," loop?",[20,81753,81754,81755,81757,81758,81760],{},"Not always. ",[15,81756,39140],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81759,5391],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[528,81762,4601,81764,81766],{"id":81763},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81765,39140],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81768,81769],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[528,81771,81773],{"id":81772},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81775,81776],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[35,81778,1309],{"id":1308},[137,81780,81781,81787,81793,81797,81801],{},[140,81782,81783],{},[308,81784,3010,81785,2943],{"href":39509},[15,81786,36999],{},[140,81788,81789],{},[308,81790,3010,81791,2943],{"href":64131},[15,81792,24203],{},[140,81794,81795],{},[308,81796,4652],{"href":4562},[140,81798,81799],{},[308,81800,4657],{"href":3824},[140,81802,81803],{},[308,81804,4647],{"href":4566},[1352,81806,81807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":81809},[81810,81811,81813,81814,81815,81817,81822,81829,81831,81838,81839,81848],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":79385,"depth":85,"text":81812},"What map() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":79704,"depth":85,"text":81816},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79888,"depth":85,"text":81818,"children":81819},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81820],{"id":80076,"depth":101,"text":81821},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80233,"depth":85,"text":81823,"children":81824},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81825,81827,81828],{"id":80251,"depth":101,"text":81826},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80442,"depth":101,"text":80443},{"id":80535,"depth":101,"text":80536},{"id":80796,"depth":85,"text":81830},"When to use map()",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":81832},[81833,81835,81836,81837],{"id":81105,"depth":101,"text":81834},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81194,"depth":101,"text":81195},{"id":81315,"depth":101,"text":81316},{"id":81534,"depth":101,"text":81535},{"id":67178,"depth":85,"text":67179},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":81840},[81841,81843,81845,81847],{"id":81730,"depth":101,"text":81842},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81745,"depth":101,"text":81844},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81763,"depth":101,"text":81846},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81772,"depth":101,"text":81773},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79217,"description":81849},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81856,"title":81857,"body":81858,"description":83878,"extension":1392,"meta":83879,"navigation":243,"path":83880,"seo":83881,"stem":83882,"__hash__":83883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81859,"toc":83836},[81860,81866,81871,81874,81882,81885,81887,82011,82013,82031,82033,82053,82058,82062,82076,82079,82082,82084,82089,82201,82204,82222,82228,82231,82293,82295,82304,82307,82321,82323,82371,82373,82382,82392,82398,82401,82428,82430,82438,82441,82444,82514,82516,82524,82527,82532,82537,82588,82590,82598,82601,82603,82620,82622,82674,82677,82683,82687,82692,82695,82699,82758,82760,82769,82775,82784,82788,82851,82853,82861,82866,82870,82875,82955,82957,82966,82973,82978,82983,82986,83021,83023,83031,83034,83040,83042,83092,83094,83103,83106,83124,83126,83131,83137,83144,83171,83173,83196,83201,83236,83241,83247,83252,83295,83298,83301,83340,83347,83353,83358,83373,83377,83384,83387,83391,83396,83400,83405,83407,83468,83470,83499,83504,83511,83520,83522,83525,83550,83552,83655,83658,83676,83685,83687,83692,83695,83701,83704,83706,83716,83722,83726,83784,83791,83799,83801,83833],[10,81861,3010,81863,3014],{"id":81862},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81864,81865],{},"max()",[20,81867,8554,81868,81870],{},[15,81869,81865],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81872,81873],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[137,81875,81876,81879],{},[140,81877,81878],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[140,81880,81881],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81883,81884],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[35,81886,1434],{"id":1433},[40,81888,81890],{"className":42,"code":81889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81891,81892,81916,81931,81935,81961,81965,81997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81893,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81895,214],{"class":55},[49,81897,60],{"class":59},[49,81899,64],{"class":63},[49,81901,1494],{"class":67},[49,81903,71],{"class":63},[49,81905,5792],{"class":67},[49,81907,71],{"class":63},[49,81909,74],{"class":67},[49,81911,71],{"class":63},[49,81913,4036],{"class":67},[49,81915,82],{"class":63},[49,81917,81918,81920,81922,81925,81927,81929],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,81919,105],{"class":104},[49,81921,108],{"class":63},[49,81923,81924],{"class":104},"max",[49,81926,108],{"class":63},[49,81928,249],{"class":94},[49,81930,1182],{"class":63},[49,81932,81933],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,81934,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81936,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,81938,105],{"class":104},[49,81940,108],{"class":63},[49,81942,81924],{"class":104},[49,81944,108],{"class":63},[49,81946,1494],{"class":67},[49,81948,71],{"class":63},[49,81950,5792],{"class":67},[49,81952,71],{"class":63},[49,81954,74],{"class":67},[49,81956,71],{"class":63},[49,81958,4036],{"class":67},[49,81960,1182],{"class":63},[49,81962,81963],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,81964,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,81966,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,81968,3501],{"class":55},[49,81970,60],{"class":59},[49,81972,64],{"class":63},[49,81974,347],{"class":346},[49,81976,3510],{"class":350},[49,81978,347],{"class":346},[49,81980,71],{"class":63},[49,81982,357],{"class":346},[49,81984,3519],{"class":350},[49,81986,347],{"class":346},[49,81988,71],{"class":63},[49,81990,357],{"class":346},[49,81992,78028],{"class":350},[49,81994,347],{"class":346},[49,81996,82],{"class":63},[49,81998,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,82000,105],{"class":104},[49,82002,108],{"class":63},[49,82004,81924],{"class":104},[49,82006,108],{"class":63},[49,82008,3545],{"class":94},[49,82010,1182],{"class":63},[20,82012,275],{},[40,82014,82016],{"className":42,"code":82015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82017,82018,82022,82026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82019,82020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82021,1813],{"class":67},[49,82023,82024],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82025,1813],{"class":67},[49,82027,82028],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,82029,82030],{"class":55},"pear\n",[20,82032,19380],{},[137,82034,82035,82041,82047],{},[140,82036,82037,82040],{},[15,82038,82039],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[140,82042,82043,82046],{},[15,82044,82045],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[140,82048,82049,82052],{},[15,82050,82051],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[35,82054,127,82056,130],{"id":82055},"what-max-does",[15,82057,81865],{},[20,82059,82060,135],{},[15,82061,81865],{},[137,82063,82064,82067,82070,82073],{},[140,82065,82066],{},"Returns the largest item",[140,82068,82069],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[140,82071,82072],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[140,82074,82075],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82077,82078],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82080,82081],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[35,82083,164],{"id":163},[20,82085,82086,82087,135],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82088,81865],{},[40,82090,82092],{"className":42,"code":82091,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82093,82094,82104,82128,82150,82173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82095,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82097,81924],{"class":104},[49,82099,108],{"class":63},[49,82101,3151],{"class":94},[49,82103,272],{"class":63},[49,82105,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82117,82119,82121,82123,82126],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82107,81924],{"class":104},[49,82109,108],{"class":63},[49,82111,3151],{"class":94},[49,82113,71],{"class":63},[49,82115,82116],{"class":59}," *",[49,82118,71],{"class":63},[49,82120,21001],{"class":8607},[49,82122,60],{"class":59},[49,82124,82125],{"class":94},"func",[49,82127,272],{"class":63},[49,82129,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,82131,81924],{"class":104},[49,82133,108],{"class":63},[49,82135,3151],{"class":94},[49,82137,71],{"class":63},[49,82139,82116],{"class":59},[49,82141,71],{"class":63},[49,82143,25946],{"class":8607},[49,82145,60],{"class":59},[49,82147,1904],{"class":94},[49,82149,272],{"class":63},[49,82151,82152,82154,82156,82159,82161,82164,82166,82168,82171],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,82153,81924],{"class":104},[49,82155,108],{"class":63},[49,82157,82158],{"class":94},"arg1",[49,82160,71],{"class":63},[49,82162,82163],{"class":94}," arg2",[49,82165,71],{"class":63},[49,82167,82116],{"class":59},[49,82169,82170],{"class":94},"args",[49,82172,272],{"class":63},[49,82174,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,82176,81924],{"class":104},[49,82178,108],{"class":63},[49,82180,82158],{"class":94},[49,82182,71],{"class":63},[49,82184,82163],{"class":94},[49,82186,71],{"class":63},[49,82188,82116],{"class":59},[49,82190,82170],{"class":94},[49,82192,71],{"class":63},[49,82194,21001],{"class":8607},[49,82196,60],{"class":59},[49,82198,82125],{"class":94},[49,82200,272],{"class":63},[20,82202,82203],{},"The most important parts are:",[137,82205,82206,82211,82216],{},[140,82207,82208,82210],{},[15,82209,3151],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[140,82212,82213,82215],{},[15,82214,14262],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[140,82217,82218,82221],{},[15,82219,82220],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[35,82223,1092,82225,82227],{"id":82224},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82226,81865],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82229,82230],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[40,82232,82234],{"className":42,"code":82233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82235,82236,82262,82278,82282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82237,82238,82240,82242,82244,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82239,4494],{"class":55},[49,82241,60],{"class":59},[49,82243,64],{"class":63},[49,82245,82246],{"class":67},"72",[49,82248,71],{"class":63},[49,82250,50935],{"class":67},[49,82252,71],{"class":63},[49,82254,12927],{"class":67},[49,82256,71],{"class":63},[49,82258,82259],{"class":67}," 66",[49,82261,82],{"class":63},[49,82263,82264,82267,82269,82272,82274,82276],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82265,82266],{"class":55},"highest_score ",[49,82268,60],{"class":59},[49,82270,82271],{"class":104}," max",[49,82273,108],{"class":63},[49,82275,15811],{"class":94},[49,82277,272],{"class":63},[49,82279,82280],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,82281,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,82283,82284,82286,82288,82291],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,82285,105],{"class":104},[49,82287,108],{"class":63},[49,82289,82290],{"class":94},"highest_score",[49,82292,272],{"class":63},[20,82294,275],{},[40,82296,82298],{"className":42,"code":82297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"91\n",[15,82299,82300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82301,82302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82303,82297],{"class":67},[20,82305,82306],{},"This works well for:",[137,82308,82309,82312,82315,82318],{},[140,82310,82311],{},"Scores",[140,82313,82314],{},"Prices",[140,82316,82317],{},"Ages",[140,82319,82320],{},"Counts",[20,82322,51505],{},[40,82324,82326],{"className":42,"code":82325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82327,82328,82356],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82329,82330,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82344,82346,82349,82351,82354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82331,82332],{"class":55},"prices ",[49,82334,60],{"class":59},[49,82336,64],{"class":63},[49,82338,39822],{"class":67},[49,82340,71],{"class":63},[49,82342,82343],{"class":67}," 5.50",[49,82345,71],{"class":63},[49,82347,82348],{"class":67}," 12.75",[49,82350,71],{"class":63},[49,82352,82353],{"class":67}," 29.00",[49,82355,82],{"class":63},[49,82357,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366,82369],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82359,105],{"class":104},[49,82361,108],{"class":63},[49,82363,81924],{"class":104},[49,82365,108],{"class":63},[49,82367,82368],{"class":94},"prices",[49,82370,1182],{"class":63},[20,82372,275],{},[40,82374,82376],{"className":42,"code":82375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"29.0\n",[15,82377,82378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82379,82380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82381,82375],{"class":67},[20,82383,82384,82385,82387,82388,91],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82386,81865],{}," is simpler than ",[308,82389,82390],{"href":73805},[15,82391,73708],{},[35,82393,1092,82395,82397],{"id":82394},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82396,81865],{}," with separate values",[20,82399,82400],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[40,82402,82404],{"className":42,"code":82403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82405,82406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82407,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82409,105],{"class":104},[49,82411,108],{"class":63},[49,82413,81924],{"class":104},[49,82415,108],{"class":63},[49,82417,1936],{"class":67},[49,82419,71],{"class":63},[49,82421,30365],{"class":67},[49,82423,71],{"class":63},[49,82425,5426],{"class":67},[49,82427,1182],{"class":63},[20,82429,275],{},[40,82431,82432],{"className":42,"code":1658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82433,82434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82435,82436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82437,1658],{"class":67},[20,82439,82440],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82442,82443],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[40,82445,82447],{"className":42,"code":82446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82448,82449,82458,82466,82476,82480,82503],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82450,82451,82453,82455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82452,543],{"class":55},[49,82454,60],{"class":59},[49,82456,82457],{"class":67}," 15\n",[49,82459,82460,82462,82464],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82461,564],{"class":55},[49,82463,60],{"class":59},[49,82465,2199],{"class":67},[49,82467,82468,82471,82473],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,82469,82470],{"class":55},"c ",[49,82472,60],{"class":59},[49,82474,82475],{"class":67}," 27\n",[49,82477,82478],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,82479,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,82481,82482,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,82483,82484],{"class":55},"largest ",[49,82486,60],{"class":59},[49,82488,82271],{"class":104},[49,82490,108],{"class":63},[49,82492,308],{"class":94},[49,82494,71],{"class":63},[49,82496,1990],{"class":94},[49,82498,71],{"class":63},[49,82500,9114],{"class":94},[49,82502,272],{"class":63},[49,82504,82505,82507,82509,82512],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,82506,105],{"class":104},[49,82508,108],{"class":63},[49,82510,82511],{"class":94},"largest",[49,82513,272],{"class":63},[20,82515,275],{},[40,82517,82518],{"className":42,"code":46036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82519,82520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82521,82522],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82523,46036],{"class":67},[20,82525,82526],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[35,82528,1092,82530,46483],{"id":82529},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82531,81865],{},[20,82533,82534,82536],{},[15,82535,81865],{}," can compare strings too.",[40,82538,82540],{"className":42,"code":82539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82541,82542,82574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554,82556,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82545,3501],{"class":55},[49,82547,60],{"class":59},[49,82549,64],{"class":63},[49,82551,347],{"class":346},[49,82553,3510],{"class":350},[49,82555,347],{"class":346},[49,82557,71],{"class":63},[49,82559,357],{"class":346},[49,82561,3519],{"class":350},[49,82563,347],{"class":346},[49,82565,71],{"class":63},[49,82567,357],{"class":346},[49,82569,78028],{"class":350},[49,82571,347],{"class":346},[49,82573,82],{"class":63},[49,82575,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584,82586],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82577,105],{"class":104},[49,82579,108],{"class":63},[49,82581,81924],{"class":104},[49,82583,108],{"class":63},[49,82585,3545],{"class":94},[49,82587,1182],{"class":63},[20,82589,275],{},[40,82591,82592],{"className":42,"code":82030,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82593,82594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82595,82596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82597,82030],{"class":55},[20,82599,82600],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82602,67567],{},[137,82604,82605,82614,82617],{},[140,82606,82607,82610,82611,82613],{},[15,82608,82609],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82612,64558],{}," alphabetically",[140,82615,82616],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[140,82618,82619],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82621,761],{},[40,82623,82625],{"className":42,"code":82624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82626,82627,82660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82628,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82630,3501],{"class":55},[49,82632,60],{"class":59},[49,82634,64],{"class":63},[49,82636,347],{"class":346},[49,82638,3510],{"class":350},[49,82640,347],{"class":346},[49,82642,71],{"class":63},[49,82644,357],{"class":346},[49,82646,82647],{"class":350},"Banana",[49,82649,347],{"class":346},[49,82651,71],{"class":63},[49,82653,357],{"class":346},[49,82655,78028],{"class":350},[49,82657,347],{"class":346},[49,82659,82],{"class":63},[49,82661,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82663,105],{"class":104},[49,82665,108],{"class":63},[49,82667,81924],{"class":104},[49,82669,108],{"class":63},[49,82671,3545],{"class":94},[49,82673,1182],{"class":63},[20,82675,82676],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82678,82679,82680,82682],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82681,14262],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[35,82684,36035,82685,36038],{"id":77986},[15,82686,14262],{},[20,82688,1409,82689,82691],{},[15,82690,14262],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82693,82694],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[528,82696,82698],{"id":82697},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[40,82700,82702],{"className":42,"code":82701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82703,82704,82736],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82705,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82707,3501],{"class":55},[49,82709,60],{"class":59},[49,82711,64],{"class":63},[49,82713,347],{"class":346},[49,82715,36470],{"class":350},[49,82717,347],{"class":346},[49,82719,71],{"class":63},[49,82721,357],{"class":346},[49,82723,67610],{"class":350},[49,82725,347],{"class":346},[49,82727,71],{"class":63},[49,82729,357],{"class":346},[49,82731,57409],{"class":350},[49,82733,347],{"class":346},[49,82735,82],{"class":63},[49,82737,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82739,105],{"class":104},[49,82741,108],{"class":63},[49,82743,81924],{"class":104},[49,82745,108],{"class":63},[49,82747,3545],{"class":94},[49,82749,71],{"class":63},[49,82751,21001],{"class":8607},[49,82753,60],{"class":59},[49,82755,10592],{"class":104},[49,82757,1182],{"class":63},[20,82759,275],{},[40,82761,82763],{"className":42,"code":82762,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"elephant\n",[15,82764,82765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82766,82767],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82768,82762],{"class":55},[20,82770,705,82771,82774],{},[15,82772,82773],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82776,82777,82778,33051,82780,91],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82779,41784],{},[308,82781,82782,5216],{"href":41781},[15,82783,41784],{},[528,82785,82787],{"id":82786},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[40,82789,82791],{"className":42,"code":82790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82792,82793,82825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82794,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82796,3501],{"class":55},[49,82798,60],{"class":59},[49,82800,64],{"class":63},[49,82802,347],{"class":346},[49,82804,3510],{"class":350},[49,82806,347],{"class":346},[49,82808,71],{"class":63},[49,82810,357],{"class":346},[49,82812,82647],{"class":350},[49,82814,347],{"class":346},[49,82816,71],{"class":63},[49,82818,357],{"class":346},[49,82820,78028],{"class":350},[49,82822,347],{"class":346},[49,82824,82],{"class":63},[49,82826,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82828,105],{"class":104},[49,82830,108],{"class":63},[49,82832,81924],{"class":104},[49,82834,108],{"class":63},[49,82836,3545],{"class":94},[49,82838,71],{"class":63},[49,82840,21001],{"class":8607},[49,82842,60],{"class":59},[49,82844,2877],{"class":1174},[49,82846,91],{"class":63},[49,82848,8071],{"class":915},[49,82850,1182],{"class":63},[20,82852,275],{},[40,82854,82855],{"className":42,"code":82030,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82856,82857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82858,82859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82860,82030],{"class":55},[20,82862,705,82863,82865],{},[15,82864,77982],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[528,82867,82869],{"id":82868},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82871,82872,82873,135],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82874,37083],{},[40,82876,82878],{"className":42,"code":82877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82879,82880,82923],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82881,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82901,82903,82905,82907,82910,82912,82914,82916,82919,82921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82883,56],{"class":55},[49,82885,60],{"class":59},[49,82887,64],{"class":63},[49,82889,347],{"class":346},[49,82891,308],{"class":350},[49,82893,347],{"class":346},[49,82895,71],{"class":63},[49,82897,357],{"class":346},[49,82899,82900],{"class":350},"bb",[49,82902,347],{"class":346},[49,82904,71],{"class":63},[49,82906,357],{"class":346},[49,82908,82909],{"class":350},"cccc",[49,82911,347],{"class":346},[49,82913,71],{"class":63},[49,82915,357],{"class":346},[49,82917,82918],{"class":350},"ddd",[49,82920,347],{"class":346},[49,82922,82],{"class":63},[49,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,82926,105],{"class":104},[49,82928,108],{"class":63},[49,82930,81924],{"class":104},[49,82932,108],{"class":63},[49,82934,88],{"class":94},[49,82936,71],{"class":63},[49,82938,21001],{"class":8607},[49,82940,60],{"class":59},[49,82942,37083],{"class":1497},[49,82944,42265],{"class":37086},[49,82946,135],{"class":63},[49,82948,37809],{"class":104},[49,82950,108],{"class":63},[49,82952,1129],{"class":94},[49,82954,2344],{"class":63},[20,82956,275],{},[40,82958,82960],{"className":42,"code":82959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cccc\n",[15,82961,82962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82963,82964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82965,82959],{"class":55},[20,82967,48975,82968,618,82970,82972],{},[15,82969,82773],{},[15,82971,77869],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[35,82974,36035,82976,36038],{"id":82975},"using-the-default-argument",[15,82977,82220],{},[20,82979,1409,82980,82982],{},[15,82981,82220],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,82984,82985],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[40,82987,82989],{"className":42,"code":82988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,82990,82991,82999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82992,82993,82995,82997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82994,214],{"class":55},[49,82996,60],{"class":59},[49,82998,526],{"class":63},[49,83000,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83002,105],{"class":104},[49,83004,108],{"class":63},[49,83006,81924],{"class":104},[49,83008,108],{"class":63},[49,83010,249],{"class":94},[49,83012,71],{"class":63},[49,83014,25946],{"class":8607},[49,83016,60],{"class":59},[49,83018,1552],{"class":67},[49,83020,1182],{"class":63},[20,83022,275],{},[40,83024,83025],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83026,83027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83028,83029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83030,46676],{"class":67},[20,83032,83033],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83035,83036,83037,83039],{},"Without ",[15,83038,82220],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83041,51505],{},[40,83043,83045],{"className":42,"code":83044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83046,83047,83055,83082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83048,83049,83051,83053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83050,3501],{"class":55},[49,83052,60],{"class":59},[49,83054,526],{"class":63},[49,83056,83057,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83078,83080],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83058,382],{"class":55},[49,83060,60],{"class":59},[49,83062,82271],{"class":104},[49,83064,108],{"class":63},[49,83066,3545],{"class":94},[49,83068,71],{"class":63},[49,83070,25946],{"class":8607},[49,83072,60],{"class":59},[49,83074,347],{"class":346},[49,83076,83077],{"class":350},"no words found",[49,83079,347],{"class":346},[49,83081,272],{"class":63},[49,83083,83084,83086,83088,83090],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,83085,105],{"class":104},[49,83087,108],{"class":63},[49,83089,420],{"class":94},[49,83091,272],{"class":63},[20,83093,275],{},[40,83095,83097],{"className":42,"code":83096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"no words found\n",[15,83098,83099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83100,83101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83102,83096],{"class":55},[20,83104,83105],{},"Important:",[137,83107,83108,83116],{},[140,83109,83110,83112,83113],{},[15,83111,82220],{}," works with ",[15,83114,83115],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[140,83117,326,83118,83120,83121],{},[30,83119,329],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83122,83123],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[35,83125,47411],{"id":47410},[20,83127,83128,83129,91],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83130,81865],{},[528,83132,83134,83136],{"id":83133},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83135,40128],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83138,83139,83140,45332,83142,91],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83141,82220],{},[15,83143,40128],{},[40,83145,83147],{"className":42,"code":83146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83148,83149,83157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83150,83151,83153,83155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83152,214],{"class":55},[49,83154,60],{"class":59},[49,83156,526],{"class":63},[49,83158,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83160,105],{"class":104},[49,83162,108],{"class":63},[49,83164,81924],{"class":104},[49,83166,108],{"class":63},[49,83168,249],{"class":94},[49,83170,1182],{"class":63},[20,83172,29104],{},[40,83174,83176],{"className":42,"code":83175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83177,83178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83179,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83191,83193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83181,40128],{"class":1174},[49,83183,135],{"class":63},[49,83185,82271],{"class":104},[49,83187,6800],{"class":63},[49,83189,83190],{"class":55}," arg ",[49,83192,11617],{"class":59},[49,83194,83195],{"class":55}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83197,83198,83199,135],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83200,82220],{},[40,83202,83204],{"className":42,"code":83203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83205,83206,83214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83207,83208,83210,83212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83209,214],{"class":55},[49,83211,60],{"class":59},[49,83213,526],{"class":63},[49,83215,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83217,105],{"class":104},[49,83219,108],{"class":63},[49,83221,81924],{"class":104},[49,83223,108],{"class":63},[49,83225,249],{"class":94},[49,83227,71],{"class":63},[49,83229,25946],{"class":8607},[49,83231,60],{"class":59},[49,83233,323],{"class":3281},[49,83235,1182],{"class":63},[20,83237,83238,83239,91],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[308,83240,65123],{"href":72162},[528,83242,83244,83246],{"id":83243},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83245,2437],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83248,83249,83250,91],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83251,2437],{},[40,83253,83255],{"className":42,"code":83254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83256,83257,83281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83258,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83260,56],{"class":55},[49,83262,60],{"class":59},[49,83264,64],{"class":63},[49,83266,221],{"class":67},[49,83268,71],{"class":63},[49,83270,357],{"class":346},[49,83272,15176],{"class":350},[49,83274,347],{"class":346},[49,83276,71],{"class":63},[49,83278,231],{"class":67},[49,83280,82],{"class":63},[49,83282,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83284,105],{"class":104},[49,83286,108],{"class":63},[49,83288,81924],{"class":104},[49,83290,108],{"class":63},[49,83292,88],{"class":94},[49,83294,1182],{"class":63},[20,83296,83297],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83299,83300],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[40,83302,83304],{"className":42,"code":83303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83305,83306,83326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83307,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83309,56],{"class":55},[49,83311,60],{"class":59},[49,83313,64],{"class":63},[49,83315,221],{"class":67},[49,83317,71],{"class":63},[49,83319,226],{"class":67},[49,83321,71],{"class":63},[49,83323,231],{"class":67},[49,83325,82],{"class":63},[49,83327,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83329,105],{"class":104},[49,83331,108],{"class":63},[49,83333,81924],{"class":104},[49,83335,108],{"class":63},[49,83337,88],{"class":94},[49,83339,1182],{"class":63},[20,83341,83342,83343,91],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[308,83344,83346],{"href":83345},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[528,83348,83350,83352],{"id":83349},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83351,2437],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83354,83355,83357],{},[15,83356,81865],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[40,83359,83361],{"className":42,"code":83360,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max())\n",[15,83362,83363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83364,83365,83367,83369,83371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83366,105],{"class":104},[49,83368,108],{"class":63},[49,83370,81924],{"class":104},[49,83372,6628],{"class":63},[20,83374,2434,83375,91],{},[15,83376,2437],{},[35,83378,83380,10018,83382],{"id":83379},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83381,81865],{},[15,83383,73708],{},[20,83385,83386],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83388,83389,135],{},[15,83390,81865],{},[137,83392,83393],{},[140,83394,83395],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83397,83398,135],{},[15,83399,73708],{},[137,83401,83402],{},[140,83403,83404],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83406,761],{},[40,83408,83410],{"className":42,"code":83409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83411,83412,83436,83440,83454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83413,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83415,214],{"class":55},[49,83417,60],{"class":59},[49,83419,64],{"class":63},[49,83421,1494],{"class":67},[49,83423,71],{"class":63},[49,83425,5792],{"class":67},[49,83427,71],{"class":63},[49,83429,74],{"class":67},[49,83431,71],{"class":63},[49,83433,4036],{"class":67},[49,83435,82],{"class":63},[49,83437,83438],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83439,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,83443,105],{"class":104},[49,83445,108],{"class":63},[49,83447,81924],{"class":104},[49,83449,108],{"class":63},[49,83451,249],{"class":94},[49,83453,1182],{"class":63},[49,83455,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,83457,105],{"class":104},[49,83459,108],{"class":63},[49,83461,73798],{"class":104},[49,83463,108],{"class":63},[49,83465,249],{"class":94},[49,83467,1182],{"class":63},[20,83469,275],{},[40,83471,83473],{"className":42,"code":83472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83474,83475,83479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83476,83477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83478,1813],{"class":67},[49,83480,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83482,938],{"class":63},[49,83484,1488],{"class":67},[49,83486,71],{"class":63},[49,83488,79],{"class":67},[49,83490,71],{"class":63},[49,83492,4036],{"class":67},[49,83494,71],{"class":63},[49,83496,5792],{"class":67},[49,83498,82],{"class":63},[20,83500,120,83501,83503],{},[15,83502,81865],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83505,120,83506,83510],{},[308,83507,83508],{"href":73805},[15,83509,73708],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83512,83513,83514,91],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[308,83515,83517],{"href":83516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83518,83519],{},"min()",[35,83521,2261],{"id":2260},[20,83523,83524],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[137,83526,83527,83534,83537,83542,83545],{},[140,83528,29073,83529,83531,83532],{},[15,83530,81865],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83533,82220],{},[140,83535,83536],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[140,83538,1011,83539,83541],{},[15,83540,81865],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[140,83543,83544],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[140,83546,1092,83547,83549],{},[15,83548,82220],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83551,10543],{},[40,83553,83555],{"className":42,"code":83554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83556,83557,83567,83581,83595,83609,83631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83558,83559,83561,83563,83565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83560,105],{"class":104},[49,83562,108],{"class":63},[49,83564,88],{"class":94},[49,83566,272],{"class":63},[49,83568,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83570,105],{"class":104},[49,83572,108],{"class":63},[49,83574,1175],{"class":1174},[49,83576,108],{"class":63},[49,83578,88],{"class":94},[49,83580,1182],{"class":63},[49,83582,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,83584,105],{"class":104},[49,83586,108],{"class":63},[49,83588,10592],{"class":104},[49,83590,108],{"class":63},[49,83592,88],{"class":94},[49,83594,1182],{"class":63},[49,83596,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,83598,105],{"class":104},[49,83600,108],{"class":63},[49,83602,81924],{"class":104},[49,83604,108],{"class":63},[49,83606,88],{"class":94},[49,83608,1182],{"class":63},[49,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,83612,105],{"class":104},[49,83614,108],{"class":63},[49,83616,81924],{"class":104},[49,83618,108],{"class":63},[49,83620,88],{"class":94},[49,83622,71],{"class":63},[49,83624,25946],{"class":8607},[49,83626,60],{"class":59},[49,83628,323],{"class":3281},[49,83630,1182],{"class":63},[49,83632,83633,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,83634,105],{"class":104},[49,83636,2418],{"class":63},[49,83638,1175],{"class":1174},[49,83640,108],{"class":63},[49,83642,1606],{"class":94},[49,83644,113],{"class":63},[49,83646,3307],{"class":3306},[49,83648,3310],{"class":94},[49,83650,3313],{"class":3306},[49,83652,387],{"class":94},[49,83654,3319],{"class":63},[20,83656,83657],{},"These are useful for checking:",[137,83659,83660,83665,83670,83673],{},[140,83661,83662,83663],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83664,88],{},[140,83666,79035,83667,83669],{},[15,83668,88],{}," is a list or some other type",[140,83671,83672],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[140,83674,83675],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83677,68631,83678,83681,83682,83684],{},[15,83679,83680],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83683,88],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[35,83686,1253],{"id":1252},[528,83688,4573,83690,4576],{"id":83689},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83691,81865],{},[20,83693,83694],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[528,83696,4601,83698,83700],{"id":83697},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83699,81865],{}," work with strings?",[20,83702,83703],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[528,83705,70930],{"id":70929},[20,83707,83708,51920,83710,83712,83713,83715],{},[15,83709,81865],{},[15,83711,40128],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83714,82220],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[528,83717,83719,83720,1284],{"id":83718},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83721,81865],{},[20,83723,120,83724,135],{},[15,83725,82773],{},[40,83727,83728],{"className":42,"code":82701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83729,83730,83762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83731,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83733,3501],{"class":55},[49,83735,60],{"class":59},[49,83737,64],{"class":63},[49,83739,347],{"class":346},[49,83741,36470],{"class":350},[49,83743,347],{"class":346},[49,83745,71],{"class":63},[49,83747,357],{"class":346},[49,83749,67610],{"class":350},[49,83751,347],{"class":346},[49,83753,71],{"class":63},[49,83755,357],{"class":346},[49,83757,57409],{"class":350},[49,83759,347],{"class":346},[49,83761,82],{"class":63},[49,83763,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780,83782],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83765,105],{"class":104},[49,83767,108],{"class":63},[49,83769,81924],{"class":104},[49,83771,108],{"class":63},[49,83773,3545],{"class":94},[49,83775,71],{"class":63},[49,83777,21001],{"class":8607},[49,83779,60],{"class":59},[49,83781,10592],{"class":104},[49,83783,1182],{"class":63},[528,83785,1279,83787,618,83789,1284],{"id":83786},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83788,81865],{},[15,83790,73708],{},[20,83792,83793,83795,83796,83798],{},[15,83794,81865],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83797,73708],{}," returns all items in order.",[35,83800,1309],{"id":1308},[137,83802,83803,83809,83815,83821,83825,83829],{},[140,83804,83805],{},[308,83806,83807,2943],{"href":83516},[15,83808,83519],{},[140,83810,83811],{},[308,83812,83813,2943],{"href":73805},[15,83814,73708],{},[140,83816,83817],{},[308,83818,83819,2943],{"href":41781},[15,83820,41784],{},[140,83822,83823],{},[308,83824,58238],{"href":58237},[140,83826,83827],{},[308,83828,65123],{"href":72162},[140,83830,83831],{},[308,83832,83346],{"href":83345},[1352,83834,83835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":83837},[83838,83839,83841,83842,83844,83846,83848,83853,83855,83863,83865,83866,83877],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":82055,"depth":85,"text":83840},"What max() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":82224,"depth":85,"text":83843},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82394,"depth":85,"text":83845},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82529,"depth":85,"text":83847},"Using max() with strings",{"id":77986,"depth":85,"text":79184,"children":83849},[83850,83851,83852],{"id":82697,"depth":101,"text":82698},{"id":82786,"depth":101,"text":82787},{"id":82868,"depth":101,"text":82869},{"id":82975,"depth":85,"text":83854},"Using the default argument",{"id":47410,"depth":85,"text":47411,"children":83856},[83857,83859,83861],{"id":83133,"depth":101,"text":83858},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83243,"depth":101,"text":83860},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83349,"depth":101,"text":83862},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83379,"depth":85,"text":83864},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":83867},[83868,83870,83872,83873,83875],{"id":83689,"depth":101,"text":83869},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83697,"depth":101,"text":83871},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":70929,"depth":101,"text":70930},{"id":83718,"depth":101,"text":83874},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83786,"depth":101,"text":83876},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81857,"description":83878},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83885,"title":83886,"body":83887,"description":85841,"extension":1392,"meta":85842,"navigation":243,"path":85843,"seo":85844,"stem":85845,"__hash__":85846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83888,"toc":85798},[83889,83894,83899,83905,83907,83981,83983,83996,84001,84006,84022,84026,84031,84107,84113,84116,84159,84161,84169,84175,84178,84209,84211,84219,84225,84230,84289,84291,84300,84303,84313,84319,84324,84359,84361,84369,84375,84381,84386,84430,84432,84441,84444,84484,84486,84495,84498,84510,84515,84520,84571,84573,84582,84585,84636,84638,84647,84650,84657,84663,84668,84670,84685,84689,84749,84751,84760,84764,84936,84938,84975,84982,84988,84991,85018,85020,85041,85046,85081,85083,85091,85094,85097,85113,85118,85120,85124,85130,85134,85161,85164,85174,85214,85218,85221,85264,85266,85275,85278,85283,85352,85354,85362,85367,85371,85374,85425,85427,85435,85438,85501,85503,85511,85514,85519,85523,85536,85543,85551,85553,85555,85585,85591,85692,85702,85704,85709,85712,85717,85720,85722,85730,85738,85746,85753,85761,85763,85795],[10,83890,3010,83892,3014],{"id":83891},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83893,83519],{},[20,83895,83896,83898],{},[15,83897,83519],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83900,83901,83902,83904],{},"This page explains what ",[15,83903,83519],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[35,83906,1434],{"id":1433},[40,83908,83910],{"className":42,"code":83909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,83911,83912,83936,83951,83955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83913,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83915,214],{"class":55},[49,83917,60],{"class":59},[49,83919,64],{"class":63},[49,83921,1569],{"class":67},[49,83923,71],{"class":63},[49,83925,74],{"class":67},[49,83927,71],{"class":63},[49,83929,53560],{"class":67},[49,83931,71],{"class":63},[49,83933,4930],{"class":67},[49,83935,82],{"class":63},[49,83937,83938,83940,83942,83945,83947,83949],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83939,105],{"class":104},[49,83941,108],{"class":63},[49,83943,83944],{"class":104},"min",[49,83946,108],{"class":63},[49,83948,249],{"class":94},[49,83950,1182],{"class":63},[49,83952,83953],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,83954,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,83958,105],{"class":104},[49,83960,108],{"class":63},[49,83962,83944],{"class":104},[49,83964,108],{"class":63},[49,83966,1569],{"class":67},[49,83968,71],{"class":63},[49,83970,74],{"class":67},[49,83972,71],{"class":63},[49,83974,53560],{"class":67},[49,83976,71],{"class":63},[49,83978,4930],{"class":67},[49,83980,1182],{"class":63},[20,83982,275],{},[40,83984,83986],{"className":42,"code":83985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n1\n",[15,83987,83988,83992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83989,83990],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83991,46341],{"class":67},[49,83993,83994],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,83995,46341],{"class":67},[20,83997,120,83998,84000],{},[15,83999,83519],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[35,84002,127,84004,130],{"id":84003},"what-min-does",[15,84005,83519],{},[137,84007,84008,84013,84016,84019],{},[140,84009,84010,84012],{},[15,84011,83519],{}," returns the smallest item",[140,84014,84015],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[140,84017,84018],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[140,84020,84021],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[35,84023,84025],{"id":84024},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84027,84028,84029,135],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84030,83519],{},[40,84032,84034],{"className":42,"code":84033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84035,84036,84046,84071,84089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84039,83944],{"class":104},[49,84041,108],{"class":63},[49,84043,3151],{"class":94},[49,84045,272],{"class":63},[49,84047,84048,84050,84052,84055,84057,84060,84062,84065,84067,84069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84049,83944],{"class":104},[49,84051,108],{"class":63},[49,84053,84054],{"class":94},"value1",[49,84056,71],{"class":63},[49,84058,84059],{"class":94}," value2",[49,84061,71],{"class":63},[49,84063,84064],{"class":94}," value3",[49,84066,71],{"class":63},[49,84068,33876],{"class":104},[49,84070,272],{"class":63},[49,84072,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,84074,83944],{"class":104},[49,84076,108],{"class":63},[49,84078,3151],{"class":94},[49,84080,71],{"class":63},[49,84082,21001],{"class":8607},[49,84084,60],{"class":59},[49,84086,36794],{"class":104},[49,84088,272],{"class":63},[49,84090,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,84092,83944],{"class":104},[49,84094,108],{"class":63},[49,84096,3151],{"class":94},[49,84098,71],{"class":63},[49,84100,25946],{"class":8607},[49,84102,60],{"class":59},[49,84104,36794],{"class":104},[49,84106,272],{"class":63},[528,84108,84110],{"id":84109},"miniterable",[15,84111,84112],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84114,84115],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[40,84117,84119],{"className":42,"code":84118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84120,84121,84145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84122,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84124,214],{"class":55},[49,84126,60],{"class":59},[49,84128,64],{"class":63},[49,84130,1777],{"class":67},[49,84132,71],{"class":63},[49,84134,79],{"class":67},[49,84136,71],{"class":63},[49,84138,30365],{"class":67},[49,84140,71],{"class":63},[49,84142,4930],{"class":67},[49,84144,82],{"class":63},[49,84146,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84148,105],{"class":104},[49,84150,108],{"class":63},[49,84152,83944],{"class":104},[49,84154,108],{"class":63},[49,84156,249],{"class":94},[49,84158,1182],{"class":63},[20,84160,275],{},[40,84162,84163],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84164,84165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84166,84167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84168,46341],{"class":67},[528,84170,84172],{"id":84171},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84173,84174],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84176,84177],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[40,84179,84181],{"className":42,"code":84180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84182,84183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84184,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84186,105],{"class":104},[49,84188,108],{"class":63},[49,84190,83944],{"class":104},[49,84192,108],{"class":63},[49,84194,1777],{"class":67},[49,84196,71],{"class":63},[49,84198,79],{"class":67},[49,84200,71],{"class":63},[49,84202,30365],{"class":67},[49,84204,71],{"class":63},[49,84206,4930],{"class":67},[49,84208,1182],{"class":63},[20,84210,275],{},[40,84212,84213],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84214,84215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84216,84217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84218,46341],{"class":67},[528,84220,84222],{"id":84221},"miniterable-key",[15,84223,84224],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84226,120,84227,84229],{},[15,84228,14262],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[40,84231,84233],{"className":42,"code":84232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84234,84235,84267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84236,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84238,3501],{"class":55},[49,84240,60],{"class":59},[49,84242,64],{"class":63},[49,84244,347],{"class":346},[49,84246,78028],{"class":350},[49,84248,347],{"class":346},[49,84250,71],{"class":63},[49,84252,357],{"class":346},[49,84254,37764],{"class":350},[49,84256,347],{"class":346},[49,84258,71],{"class":63},[49,84260,357],{"class":346},[49,84262,3519],{"class":350},[49,84264,347],{"class":346},[49,84266,82],{"class":63},[49,84268,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84270,105],{"class":104},[49,84272,108],{"class":63},[49,84274,83944],{"class":104},[49,84276,108],{"class":63},[49,84278,3545],{"class":94},[49,84280,71],{"class":63},[49,84282,21001],{"class":8607},[49,84284,60],{"class":59},[49,84286,10592],{"class":104},[49,84288,1182],{"class":63},[20,84290,275],{},[40,84292,84294],{"className":42,"code":84293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"kiwi\n",[15,84295,84296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84297,84298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84299,84293],{"class":55},[20,84301,84302],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84304,84305,84306,84308,84309,91],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84307,41784],{},", see the ",[308,84310,84311,2943],{"href":41781},[15,84312,41784],{},[528,84314,84316],{"id":84315},"miniterable-default",[15,84317,84318],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84320,120,84321,84323],{},[15,84322,82220],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[40,84325,84327],{"className":42,"code":84326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84328,84329,84337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84330,84331,84333,84335],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84332,214],{"class":55},[49,84334,60],{"class":59},[49,84336,526],{"class":63},[49,84338,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84340,105],{"class":104},[49,84342,108],{"class":63},[49,84344,83944],{"class":104},[49,84346,108],{"class":63},[49,84348,249],{"class":94},[49,84350,71],{"class":63},[49,84352,25946],{"class":8607},[49,84354,60],{"class":59},[49,84356,1552],{"class":67},[49,84358,1182],{"class":63},[20,84360,275],{},[40,84362,84363],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84364,84365],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84366,84367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84368,46676],{"class":67},[20,84370,84371,84372,84374],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84373,40128],{}," when there is no item to return.",[35,84376,1092,84378,84380],{"id":84377},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84379,83519],{}," with numbers",[20,84382,84383,84385],{},[15,84384,83519],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[40,84387,84389],{"className":42,"code":84388,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84390,84391,84416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84392,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84394,4494],{"class":55},[49,84396,60],{"class":59},[49,84398,64],{"class":63},[49,84400,50930],{"class":67},[49,84402,71],{"class":63},[49,84404,84405],{"class":67}," 72",[49,84407,71],{"class":63},[49,84409,28329],{"class":67},[49,84411,71],{"class":63},[49,84413,75384],{"class":67},[49,84415,82],{"class":63},[49,84417,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84419,105],{"class":104},[49,84421,108],{"class":63},[49,84423,83944],{"class":104},[49,84425,108],{"class":63},[49,84427,15811],{"class":94},[49,84429,1182],{"class":63},[20,84431,275],{},[40,84433,84435],{"className":42,"code":84434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"60\n",[15,84436,84437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84438,84439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84440,84434],{"class":67},[20,84442,84443],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[40,84445,84447],{"className":42,"code":84446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84448,84449,84470],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84450,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84464,84466,84468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84452,82332],{"class":55},[49,84454,60],{"class":59},[49,84456,64],{"class":63},[49,84458,39822],{"class":67},[49,84460,71],{"class":63},[49,84462,84463],{"class":67}," 5.49",[49,84465,71],{"class":63},[49,84467,82348],{"class":67},[49,84469,82],{"class":63},[49,84471,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84473,105],{"class":104},[49,84475,108],{"class":63},[49,84477,83944],{"class":104},[49,84479,108],{"class":63},[49,84481,82368],{"class":94},[49,84483,1182],{"class":63},[20,84485,275],{},[40,84487,84489],{"className":42,"code":84488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.49\n",[15,84490,84491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84492,84493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84494,84488],{"class":67},[20,84496,84497],{},"This is useful for things like:",[137,84499,84500,84502,84504,84507],{},[140,84501,15811],{},[140,84503,82368],{},[140,84505,84506],{},"measurements",[140,84508,84509],{},"ages",[35,84511,1092,84513,46483],{"id":84512},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84514,83519],{},[20,84516,84517,84519],{},[15,84518,83519],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[40,84521,84523],{"className":42,"code":84522,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84524,84525,84557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84526,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84528,3501],{"class":55},[49,84530,60],{"class":59},[49,84532,64],{"class":63},[49,84534,347],{"class":346},[49,84536,3519],{"class":350},[49,84538,347],{"class":346},[49,84540,71],{"class":63},[49,84542,357],{"class":346},[49,84544,3510],{"class":350},[49,84546,347],{"class":346},[49,84548,71],{"class":63},[49,84550,357],{"class":346},[49,84552,3528],{"class":350},[49,84554,347],{"class":346},[49,84556,82],{"class":63},[49,84558,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84560,105],{"class":104},[49,84562,108],{"class":63},[49,84564,83944],{"class":104},[49,84566,108],{"class":63},[49,84568,3545],{"class":94},[49,84570,1182],{"class":63},[20,84572,275],{},[40,84574,84576],{"className":42,"code":84575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple\n",[15,84577,84578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84579,84580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84581,84575],{"class":55},[20,84583,84584],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[40,84586,84588],{"className":42,"code":84587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84589,84590,84622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84591,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84593,3501],{"class":55},[49,84595,60],{"class":59},[49,84597,64],{"class":63},[49,84599,347],{"class":346},[49,84601,3519],{"class":350},[49,84603,347],{"class":346},[49,84605,71],{"class":63},[49,84607,357],{"class":346},[49,84609,57050],{"class":350},[49,84611,347],{"class":346},[49,84613,71],{"class":63},[49,84615,357],{"class":346},[49,84617,3528],{"class":350},[49,84619,347],{"class":346},[49,84621,82],{"class":63},[49,84623,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84625,105],{"class":104},[49,84627,108],{"class":63},[49,84629,83944],{"class":104},[49,84631,108],{"class":63},[49,84633,3545],{"class":94},[49,84635,1182],{"class":63},[20,84637,275],{},[40,84639,84641],{"className":42,"code":84640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\n",[15,84642,84643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84644,84645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84646,84640],{"class":55},[20,84648,84649],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84651,84652,84653,91],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[308,84654,84655,5216],{"href":73805},[15,84656,73708],{},[35,84658,1092,84660,84662],{"id":84659},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84661,83519],{}," with a key function",[20,84664,1409,84665,84667],{},[15,84666,14262],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84669,186],{},[137,84671,84672,84677,84682],{},[140,84673,84674,84676],{},[15,84675,14262],{}," changes the comparison rule",[140,84678,84679,84681],{},[15,84680,83519],{}," still returns the original item",[140,84683,84684],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[528,84686,84688],{"id":84687},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[40,84690,84692],{"className":42,"code":84691,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84693,84694,84727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84695,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84723,84725],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84697,3501],{"class":55},[49,84699,60],{"class":59},[49,84701,64],{"class":63},[49,84703,347],{"class":346},[49,84705,67610],{"class":350},[49,84707,347],{"class":346},[49,84709,71],{"class":63},[49,84711,357],{"class":346},[49,84713,36470],{"class":350},[49,84715,347],{"class":346},[49,84717,71],{"class":63},[49,84719,357],{"class":346},[49,84721,84722],{"class":350},"giraffe",[49,84724,347],{"class":346},[49,84726,82],{"class":63},[49,84728,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84730,105],{"class":104},[49,84732,108],{"class":63},[49,84734,83944],{"class":104},[49,84736,108],{"class":63},[49,84738,3545],{"class":94},[49,84740,71],{"class":63},[49,84742,21001],{"class":8607},[49,84744,60],{"class":59},[49,84746,10592],{"class":104},[49,84748,1182],{"class":63},[20,84750,275],{},[40,84752,84754],{"className":42,"code":84753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat\n",[15,84755,84756],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84757,84758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84759,84753],{"class":55},[528,84761,84763],{"id":84762},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[40,84765,84767],{"className":42,"code":84766,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84768,84769,84779,84814,84846,84878,84882,84886,84925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84770,84771,84774,84776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84772,84773],{"class":55},"students ",[49,84775,60],{"class":59},[49,84777,84778],{"class":63}," [\n",[49,84780,84781,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802,84805,84807,84809,84811],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,84782,84783],{"class":63},"    {",[49,84785,347],{"class":346},[49,84787,7103],{"class":350},[49,84789,347],{"class":346},[49,84791,135],{"class":63},[49,84793,357],{"class":346},[49,84795,12299],{"class":350},[49,84797,347],{"class":346},[49,84799,71],{"class":63},[49,84801,357],{"class":346},[49,84803,84804],{"class":350},"score",[49,84806,347],{"class":346},[49,84808,135],{"class":63},[49,84810,12927],{"class":67},[49,84812,84813],{"class":63},"},\n",[49,84815,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,84817,84783],{"class":63},[49,84819,347],{"class":346},[49,84821,7103],{"class":350},[49,84823,347],{"class":346},[49,84825,135],{"class":63},[49,84827,357],{"class":346},[49,84829,35363],{"class":350},[49,84831,347],{"class":346},[49,84833,71],{"class":63},[49,84835,357],{"class":346},[49,84837,84804],{"class":350},[49,84839,347],{"class":346},[49,84841,135],{"class":63},[49,84843,84405],{"class":67},[49,84845,84813],{"class":63},[49,84847,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874,84876],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,84849,84783],{"class":63},[49,84851,347],{"class":346},[49,84853,7103],{"class":350},[49,84855,347],{"class":346},[49,84857,135],{"class":63},[49,84859,357],{"class":346},[49,84861,35372],{"class":350},[49,84863,347],{"class":346},[49,84865,71],{"class":63},[49,84867,357],{"class":346},[49,84869,84804],{"class":350},[49,84871,347],{"class":346},[49,84873,135],{"class":63},[49,84875,19321],{"class":67},[49,84877,8741],{"class":63},[49,84879,84880],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,84881,82],{"class":63},[49,84883,84884],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,84885,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,84887,84888,84891,84893,84896,84898,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,84889,84890],{"class":55},"lowest ",[49,84892,60],{"class":59},[49,84894,84895],{"class":104}," min",[49,84897,108],{"class":63},[49,84899,84900],{"class":94},"students",[49,84902,71],{"class":63},[49,84904,21001],{"class":8607},[49,84906,60],{"class":59},[49,84908,37083],{"class":1497},[49,84910,12325],{"class":37086},[49,84912,135],{"class":63},[49,84914,12325],{"class":94},[49,84916,938],{"class":63},[49,84918,347],{"class":346},[49,84920,84804],{"class":350},[49,84922,347],{"class":346},[49,84924,3319],{"class":63},[49,84926,84927,84929,84931,84934],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,84928,105],{"class":104},[49,84930,108],{"class":63},[49,84932,84933],{"class":94},"lowest",[49,84935,272],{"class":63},[20,84937,275],{},[40,84939,84941],{"className":42,"code":84940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,84942,84943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84944,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84946,8710],{"class":63},[49,84948,2734],{"class":346},[49,84950,7103],{"class":350},[49,84952,2734],{"class":346},[49,84954,135],{"class":63},[49,84956,2729],{"class":346},[49,84958,35363],{"class":350},[49,84960,2734],{"class":346},[49,84962,71],{"class":63},[49,84964,2729],{"class":346},[49,84966,84804],{"class":350},[49,84968,2734],{"class":346},[49,84970,135],{"class":63},[49,84972,84405],{"class":67},[49,84974,8741],{"class":63},[20,84976,84977,84978,84981],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,84979,84980],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[35,84983,1092,84985,84987],{"id":84984},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,84986,82220],{}," with empty iterables",[20,84989,84990],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[40,84992,84994],{"className":42,"code":84993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84995,84996,85004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84997,84998,85000,85002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84999,214],{"class":55},[49,85001,60],{"class":59},[49,85003,526],{"class":63},[49,85005,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85007,105],{"class":104},[49,85009,108],{"class":63},[49,85011,83944],{"class":104},[49,85013,108],{"class":63},[49,85015,249],{"class":94},[49,85017,1182],{"class":63},[20,85019,275],{},[40,85021,85023],{"className":42,"code":85022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85024,85025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85026,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85028,40128],{"class":1174},[49,85030,135],{"class":63},[49,85032,84895],{"class":104},[49,85034,6800],{"class":63},[49,85036,83190],{"class":55},[49,85038,11617],{"class":59},[49,85040,83195],{"class":55},[20,85042,85043,85044,135],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85045,82220],{},[40,85047,85049],{"className":42,"code":85048,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85050,85051,85059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85052,85053,85055,85057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85054,214],{"class":55},[49,85056,60],{"class":59},[49,85058,526],{"class":63},[49,85060,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85062,105],{"class":104},[49,85064,108],{"class":63},[49,85066,83944],{"class":104},[49,85068,108],{"class":63},[49,85070,249],{"class":94},[49,85072,71],{"class":63},[49,85074,25946],{"class":8607},[49,85076,60],{"class":59},[49,85078,323],{"class":3281},[49,85080,1182],{"class":63},[20,85082,275],{},[40,85084,85085],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85086,85087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85088,85089],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85090,11232],{"class":3281},[20,85092,85093],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85095,85096],{},"Remember:",[137,85098,85099,85107],{},[140,85100,85101,85103,85104,85106],{},[15,85102,82220],{}," works only when ",[15,85105,83519],{}," gets one iterable argument",[140,85108,85109,85110],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85111,85112],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85114,85115,85116,91],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[308,85117,65123],{"href":72162},[35,85119,10176],{"id":10175},[20,85121,56057,85122,91],{},[15,85123,83519],{},[528,85125,85127,85128],{"id":85126},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85129,82220],{},[20,85131,2434,85132,135],{},[15,85133,40128],{},[40,85135,85137],{"className":42,"code":85136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85138,85139,85147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85140,85141,85143,85145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85142,56],{"class":55},[49,85144,60],{"class":59},[49,85146,526],{"class":63},[49,85148,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85150,105],{"class":104},[49,85152,108],{"class":63},[49,85154,83944],{"class":104},[49,85156,108],{"class":63},[49,85158,88],{"class":94},[49,85160,1182],{"class":63},[20,85162,85163],{},"Fix it by:",[137,85165,85166,85169],{},[140,85167,85168],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[140,85170,85171,85172],{},"or using ",[15,85173,82220],{},[40,85175,85177],{"className":42,"code":85176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85178,85179,85187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85180,85181,85183,85185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85182,56],{"class":55},[49,85184,60],{"class":59},[49,85186,526],{"class":63},[49,85188,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85210,85212],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85190,105],{"class":104},[49,85192,108],{"class":63},[49,85194,83944],{"class":104},[49,85196,108],{"class":63},[49,85198,88],{"class":94},[49,85200,71],{"class":63},[49,85202,25946],{"class":8607},[49,85204,60],{"class":59},[49,85206,347],{"class":346},[49,85208,85209],{"class":350},"no items",[49,85211,347],{"class":346},[49,85213,1182],{"class":63},[528,85215,85217],{"id":85216},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85219,85220],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[40,85222,85224],{"className":42,"code":85223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85225,85226,85250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85227,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85229,8597],{"class":55},[49,85231,60],{"class":59},[49,85233,64],{"class":63},[49,85235,221],{"class":67},[49,85237,71],{"class":63},[49,85239,357],{"class":346},[49,85241,15176],{"class":350},[49,85243,347],{"class":346},[49,85245,71],{"class":63},[49,85247,4036],{"class":67},[49,85249,82],{"class":63},[49,85251,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85253,105],{"class":104},[49,85255,108],{"class":63},[49,85257,83944],{"class":104},[49,85259,108],{"class":63},[49,85261,8636],{"class":94},[49,85263,1182],{"class":63},[20,85265,275],{},[40,85267,85269],{"className":42,"code":85268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError\n",[15,85270,85271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85272,85273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85274,85268],{"class":1174},[20,85276,85277],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85279,85280,85281,91],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85282,83519],{},[40,85284,85286],{"className":42,"code":85285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85287,85288,85312,85338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85289,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85291,8597],{"class":55},[49,85293,60],{"class":59},[49,85295,64],{"class":63},[49,85297,221],{"class":67},[49,85299,71],{"class":63},[49,85301,357],{"class":346},[49,85303,15176],{"class":350},[49,85305,347],{"class":346},[49,85307,71],{"class":63},[49,85309,4036],{"class":67},[49,85311,82],{"class":63},[49,85313,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85315,214],{"class":55},[49,85317,60],{"class":59},[49,85319,64],{"class":63},[49,85321,1621],{"class":1174},[49,85323,108],{"class":63},[49,85325,1606],{"class":94},[49,85327,113],{"class":63},[49,85329,3307],{"class":3306},[49,85331,3310],{"class":55},[49,85333,3313],{"class":3306},[49,85335,13987],{"class":55},[49,85337,82],{"class":63},[49,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,85341,105],{"class":104},[49,85343,108],{"class":63},[49,85345,83944],{"class":104},[49,85347,108],{"class":63},[49,85349,249],{"class":94},[49,85351,1182],{"class":63},[20,85353,275],{},[40,85355,85356],{"className":42,"code":2379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85357,85358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85359,85360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85361,2379],{"class":67},[20,85363,85364,85365,91],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85366,2437],{},[528,85368,85370],{"id":85369},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85372,85373],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[40,85375,85377],{"className":42,"code":85376,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85378,85379,85411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85380,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85382,3501],{"class":55},[49,85384,60],{"class":59},[49,85386,64],{"class":63},[49,85388,347],{"class":346},[49,85390,78844],{"class":350},[49,85392,347],{"class":346},[49,85394,71],{"class":63},[49,85396,357],{"class":346},[49,85398,57050],{"class":350},[49,85400,347],{"class":346},[49,85402,71],{"class":63},[49,85404,357],{"class":346},[49,85406,78861],{"class":350},[49,85408,347],{"class":346},[49,85410,82],{"class":63},[49,85412,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85414,105],{"class":104},[49,85416,108],{"class":63},[49,85418,83944],{"class":104},[49,85420,108],{"class":63},[49,85422,3545],{"class":94},[49,85424,1182],{"class":63},[20,85426,275],{},[40,85428,85429],{"className":42,"code":84640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85430,85431],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85432,85433],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85434,84640],{"class":55},[20,85436,85437],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[40,85439,85441],{"className":42,"code":85440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85442,85443,85475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85444,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85446,3501],{"class":55},[49,85448,60],{"class":59},[49,85450,64],{"class":63},[49,85452,347],{"class":346},[49,85454,78844],{"class":350},[49,85456,347],{"class":346},[49,85458,71],{"class":63},[49,85460,357],{"class":346},[49,85462,57050],{"class":350},[49,85464,347],{"class":346},[49,85466,71],{"class":63},[49,85468,357],{"class":346},[49,85470,78861],{"class":350},[49,85472,347],{"class":346},[49,85474,82],{"class":63},[49,85476,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85478,105],{"class":104},[49,85480,108],{"class":63},[49,85482,83944],{"class":104},[49,85484,108],{"class":63},[49,85486,3545],{"class":94},[49,85488,71],{"class":63},[49,85490,21001],{"class":8607},[49,85492,60],{"class":59},[49,85494,2877],{"class":1174},[49,85496,91],{"class":63},[49,85498,8071],{"class":915},[49,85500,1182],{"class":63},[20,85502,275],{},[40,85504,85505],{"className":42,"code":84640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85506,85507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85508,85509],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85510,84640],{"class":55},[20,85512,85513],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[35,85515,740,85517],{"id":85516},"when-to-use-min",[15,85518,83519],{},[20,85520,120,85521,10033],{},[15,85522,83519],{},[137,85524,85525,85528,85533],{},[140,85526,85527],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[140,85529,85530,85531],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85532,14262],{},[140,85534,85535],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85537,120,85538,85542],{},[308,85539,85540],{"href":73805},[15,85541,73708],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85544,120,85545,85550],{},[308,85546,85548],{"href":85547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85549,81865],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[35,85552,2261],{"id":2260},[20,85554,83524],{},[137,85556,85557,85565,85568,85573,85580],{},[140,85558,85559,85560,85562,85563],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85561,83519],{}," without using ",[15,85564,82220],{},[140,85566,85567],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[140,85569,1011,85570,85572],{},[15,85571,83519],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[140,85574,4135,85575,85577,85578,84681],{},[15,85576,14262],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85579,83519],{},[140,85581,1092,85582,85584],{},[15,85583,82220],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85586,85587,85588,85590],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85589,83519],{},", these quick checks can help:",[40,85592,85594],{"className":42,"code":85593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85595,85596,85610,85620,85634,85648,85670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85597,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85599,105],{"class":104},[49,85601,108],{"class":63},[49,85603,1175],{"class":1174},[49,85605,108],{"class":63},[49,85607,8636],{"class":94},[49,85609,1182],{"class":63},[49,85611,85612,85614,85616,85618],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85613,105],{"class":104},[49,85615,108],{"class":63},[49,85617,8636],{"class":94},[49,85619,272],{"class":63},[49,85621,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,85623,105],{"class":104},[49,85625,108],{"class":63},[49,85627,10592],{"class":104},[49,85629,108],{"class":63},[49,85631,8636],{"class":94},[49,85633,1182],{"class":63},[49,85635,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,85637,105],{"class":104},[49,85639,108],{"class":63},[49,85641,83944],{"class":104},[49,85643,108],{"class":63},[49,85645,8636],{"class":94},[49,85647,1182],{"class":63},[49,85649,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,85651,105],{"class":104},[49,85653,108],{"class":63},[49,85655,83944],{"class":104},[49,85657,108],{"class":63},[49,85659,8636],{"class":94},[49,85661,71],{"class":63},[49,85663,25946],{"class":8607},[49,85665,60],{"class":59},[49,85667,323],{"class":3281},[49,85669,1182],{"class":63},[49,85671,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,85673,105],{"class":104},[49,85675,108],{"class":63},[49,85677,83944],{"class":104},[49,85679,108],{"class":63},[49,85681,3545],{"class":94},[49,85683,71],{"class":63},[49,85685,21001],{"class":8607},[49,85687,60],{"class":59},[49,85689,10592],{"class":104},[49,85691,1182],{"class":63},[20,85693,85694,85695,85698,85699,85701],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85696,85697],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85700,8636],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[35,85703,1253],{"id":1252},[528,85705,4573,85707,4576],{"id":85706},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85708,83519],{},[20,85710,85711],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[528,85713,4601,85715,83700],{"id":85714},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85716,83519],{},[20,85718,85719],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[528,85721,70930],{"id":70929},[20,85723,85724,51920,85726,83712,85728,36044],{},[15,85725,83519],{},[15,85727,40128],{},[15,85729,82220],{},[528,85731,4573,85733,85735,85736,1284],{"id":85732},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85734,14262],{}," do in ",[15,85737,83519],{},[20,85739,85740,85742,85743,85745],{},[15,85741,14262],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85744,82773],{}," compares strings by length.",[528,85747,1279,85749,618,85751,1284],{"id":85748},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85750,83519],{},[15,85752,73708],{},[20,85754,85755,85757,85758,85760],{},[15,85756,83519],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85759,73708],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[35,85762,1309],{"id":1308},[137,85764,85765,85771,85777,85783,85787,85791],{},[140,85766,85767],{},[308,85768,85769,2943],{"href":85547},[15,85770,81865],{},[140,85772,85773],{},[308,85774,85775,2943],{"href":73805},[15,85776,73708],{},[140,85778,85779],{},[308,85780,85781,2943],{"href":41781},[15,85782,41784],{},[140,85784,85785],{},[308,85786,79157],{"href":77660},[140,85788,85789],{},[308,85790,58238],{"href":58237},[140,85792,85793],{},[308,85794,65123],{"href":72162},[1352,85796,85797],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":85799},[85800,85801,85803,85809,85811,85813,85818,85820,85826,85828,85829,85840],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":84003,"depth":85,"text":85802},"What min() does",{"id":84024,"depth":85,"text":84025,"children":85804},[85805,85806,85807,85808],{"id":84109,"depth":101,"text":84112},{"id":84171,"depth":101,"text":84174},{"id":84221,"depth":101,"text":84224},{"id":84315,"depth":101,"text":84318},{"id":84377,"depth":85,"text":85810},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84512,"depth":85,"text":85812},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84659,"depth":85,"text":85814,"children":85815},"Using min() with a key function",[85816,85817],{"id":84687,"depth":101,"text":84688},{"id":84762,"depth":101,"text":84763},{"id":84984,"depth":85,"text":85819},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10175,"depth":85,"text":10176,"children":85821},[85822,85824,85825],{"id":85126,"depth":101,"text":85823},"Empty list without default",{"id":85216,"depth":101,"text":85217},{"id":85369,"depth":101,"text":85370},{"id":85516,"depth":85,"text":85827},"When to use min()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":85830},[85831,85833,85835,85836,85838],{"id":85706,"depth":101,"text":85832},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85714,"depth":101,"text":85834},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":70929,"depth":101,"text":70930},{"id":85732,"depth":101,"text":85837},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85748,"depth":101,"text":85839},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83886,"description":85841},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85848,"title":85849,"body":85850,"description":88029,"extension":1392,"meta":88030,"navigation":243,"path":88031,"seo":88032,"stem":88033,"__hash__":88034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85851,"toc":87993},[85852,85855,85861,85867,85869,85950,85959,85963,85968,85970,86015,86017,86097,86103,86105,86108,86140,86142,86160,86162,86235,86237,86256,86260,86263,86299,86301,86368,86442,86515,86520,86524,86530,86533,86550,86553,86555,86616,86618,86638,86644,86648,86651,86721,86724,86743,86748,86824,86827,86831,86837,86841,86846,86916,86920,86925,86999,87003,87006,87081,87092,87096,87101,87191,87196,87264,87267,87286,87297,87301,87304,87309,87312,87374,87377,87388,87393,87396,87399,87404,87407,87410,87414,87417,87423,87426,87437,87439,87501,87516,87522,87525,87528,87539,87550,87556,87559,87561,87623,87633,87639,87644,87650,87654,87660,87663,87684,87686,87691,87718,87721,87748,87751,87790,87793,87831,87834,87895,87898,87900,87904,87907,87911,87917,87925,87933,87937,87940,87944,87950,87952,87990],[10,85853,85849],{"id":85854},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85856,85857,85860],{},[15,85858,85859],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85862,85863,85864,85866],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85865,85859],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[35,85868,1434],{"id":1433},[40,85870,85872],{"className":42,"code":85871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85873,85874,85923,85939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85875,85876,85879,85882,85884,85886,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85904,85906,85908,85911,85913,85915,85917,85921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85877,85878],{"class":3306},"with",[49,85880,85881],{"class":104}," open",[49,85883,108],{"class":63},[49,85885,347],{"class":346},[49,85887,85888],{"class":350},"example.txt",[49,85890,347],{"class":346},[49,85892,71],{"class":63},[49,85894,357],{"class":346},[49,85896,59788],{"class":350},[49,85898,347],{"class":346},[49,85900,71],{"class":63},[49,85902,85903],{"class":8607}," encoding",[49,85905,60],{"class":59},[49,85907,347],{"class":346},[49,85909,85910],{"class":350},"utf-8",[49,85912,347],{"class":346},[49,85914,113],{"class":63},[49,85916,46782],{"class":3306},[49,85918,85920],{"class":85919},"sMMDD"," file",[49,85922,5826],{"class":63},[49,85924,85925,85928,85930,85932,85934,85937],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,85926,85927],{"class":55},"    content ",[49,85929,60],{"class":59},[49,85931,85920],{"class":85919},[49,85933,91],{"class":63},[49,85935,85936],{"class":94},"read",[49,85938,98],{"class":63},[49,85940,85941,85943,85945,85948],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,85942,7501],{"class":104},[49,85944,108],{"class":63},[49,85946,85947],{"class":94},"content",[49,85949,272],{"class":63},[20,85951,120,85952,85954,85955,85958],{},[15,85953,85878],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,85956,85957],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[35,85960,85962],{"id":85961},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,85964,85965,85967],{},[15,85966,85859],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,85969,186],{},[137,85971,85972,85975,85980,85985],{},[140,85973,85974],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[140,85976,326,85977,85979],{},[30,85978,329],{}," read or write anything by itself",[140,85981,16843,85982],{},[30,85983,85984],{},"file object",[140,85986,85987,85988],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[137,85989,85990,85995,86000,86005,86010],{},[140,85991,85992],{},[15,85993,85994],{},"read()",[140,85996,85997],{},[15,85998,85999],{},"readline()",[140,86001,86002],{},[15,86003,86004],{},"readlines()",[140,86006,86007],{},[15,86008,86009],{},"write()",[140,86011,86012],{},[15,86013,86014],{},"close()",[20,86016,761],{},[40,86018,86020],{"className":42,"code":86019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86021,86022,86061,86076,86086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86023,86024,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86025,86026],{"class":85919},"file",[49,86028,12696],{"class":59},[49,86030,85881],{"class":104},[49,86032,108],{"class":63},[49,86034,347],{"class":346},[49,86036,85888],{"class":350},[49,86038,347],{"class":346},[49,86040,71],{"class":63},[49,86042,357],{"class":346},[49,86044,59788],{"class":350},[49,86046,347],{"class":346},[49,86048,71],{"class":63},[49,86050,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86052,60],{"class":59},[49,86054,347],{"class":346},[49,86056,85910],{"class":350},[49,86058,347],{"class":346},[49,86060,272],{"class":63},[49,86062,86063,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86064,86065],{"class":55},"content ",[49,86067,60],{"class":59},[49,86069,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86071,91],{"class":63},[49,86073,85936],{"class":94},[49,86075,98],{"class":63},[49,86077,86078,86080,86082,86084],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86079,105],{"class":104},[49,86081,108],{"class":63},[49,86083,85947],{"class":94},[49,86085,272],{"class":63},[49,86087,86088,86090,86092,86095],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,86089,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86091,91],{"class":63},[49,86093,86094],{"class":94},"close",[49,86096,98],{"class":63},[20,86098,86099,86100,86102],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86101,85878],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[35,86104,164],{"id":163},[20,86106,86107],{},"A common form is:",[40,86109,86111],{"className":42,"code":86110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86112,86113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86114,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86116,41850],{"class":104},[49,86118,108],{"class":63},[49,86120,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86122,71],{"class":63},[49,86124,86125],{"class":94}," mode",[49,86127,71],{"class":63},[49,86129,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86131,60],{"class":59},[49,86133,347],{"class":346},[49,86135,85910],{"class":350},[49,86137,347],{"class":346},[49,86139,272],{"class":63},[20,86141,64329],{},[137,86143,86144,86149,86154],{},[140,86145,86146,86148],{},[15,86147,86026],{}," is the file name or file path",[140,86150,86151,86153],{},[15,86152,20340],{}," controls how the file is opened",[140,86155,86156,86159],{},[15,86157,86158],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86161,761],{},[40,86163,86165],{"className":42,"code":86164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86166,86167,86210,86225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86168,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86170,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86172,85881],{"class":104},[49,86174,108],{"class":63},[49,86176,347],{"class":346},[49,86178,86179],{"class":350},"notes.txt",[49,86181,347],{"class":346},[49,86183,71],{"class":63},[49,86185,357],{"class":346},[49,86187,59788],{"class":350},[49,86189,347],{"class":346},[49,86191,71],{"class":63},[49,86193,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86195,60],{"class":59},[49,86197,347],{"class":346},[49,86199,85910],{"class":350},[49,86201,347],{"class":346},[49,86203,113],{"class":63},[49,86205,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86207,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86209,5826],{"class":63},[49,86211,86212,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86213,86214],{"class":55},"    text ",[49,86216,60],{"class":59},[49,86218,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86220,91],{"class":63},[49,86222,85936],{"class":94},[49,86224,98],{"class":63},[49,86226,86227,86229,86231,86233],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86228,7501],{"class":104},[49,86230,108],{"class":63},[49,86232,1129],{"class":94},[49,86234,272],{"class":63},[20,86236,19380],{},[137,86238,86239,86245,86250],{},[140,86240,86241,86244],{},[15,86242,86243],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[140,86246,86247,86249],{},[15,86248,85957],{}," means open for reading",[140,86251,86252,86255],{},[15,86253,86254],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[35,86257,86259],{"id":86258},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86261,86262],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[137,86264,86265,86270,86276,86281,86287,86293],{},[140,86266,86267,86269],{},[15,86268,85957],{}," = read a text file",[140,86271,86272,86275],{},[15,86273,86274],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[140,86277,86278,86280],{},[15,86279,17518],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[140,86282,86283,86286],{},[15,86284,86285],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[140,86288,86289,86292],{},[15,86290,86291],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[140,86294,86295,86298],{},[15,86296,86297],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86300,1558],{},[40,86302,86304],{"className":42,"code":86303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86305,86306,86311,86354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86307,86308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86309,86310],{"class":116},"# Read a text file\n",[49,86312,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86314,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86316,85881],{"class":104},[49,86318,108],{"class":63},[49,86320,347],{"class":346},[49,86322,86323],{"class":350},"data.txt",[49,86325,347],{"class":346},[49,86327,71],{"class":63},[49,86329,357],{"class":346},[49,86331,59788],{"class":350},[49,86333,347],{"class":346},[49,86335,71],{"class":63},[49,86337,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86339,60],{"class":59},[49,86341,347],{"class":346},[49,86343,85910],{"class":350},[49,86345,347],{"class":346},[49,86347,113],{"class":63},[49,86349,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86351,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86353,5826],{"class":63},[49,86355,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86357,7501],{"class":104},[49,86359,108],{"class":63},[49,86361,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86363,91],{"class":63},[49,86365,85936],{"class":94},[49,86367,6628],{"class":63},[40,86369,86371],{"className":42,"code":86370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86372,86373,86378,86420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86374,86375],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86376,86377],{"class":116},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[49,86379,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412,86414,86416,86418],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86381,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86383,85881],{"class":104},[49,86385,108],{"class":63},[49,86387,347],{"class":346},[49,86389,86323],{"class":350},[49,86391,347],{"class":346},[49,86393,71],{"class":63},[49,86395,357],{"class":346},[49,86397,59771],{"class":350},[49,86399,347],{"class":346},[49,86401,71],{"class":63},[49,86403,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86405,60],{"class":59},[49,86407,347],{"class":346},[49,86409,85910],{"class":350},[49,86411,347],{"class":346},[49,86413,113],{"class":63},[49,86415,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86417,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86419,5826],{"class":63},[49,86421,86422,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86438,86440],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86423,86424],{"class":85919},"    file",[49,86426,91],{"class":63},[49,86428,69479],{"class":94},[49,86430,108],{"class":63},[49,86432,347],{"class":346},[49,86434,34288],{"class":350},[49,86436,86437],{"class":33875},"\\n",[49,86439,347],{"class":346},[49,86441,272],{"class":63},[40,86443,86445],{"className":42,"code":86444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86446,86447,86452,86494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86448,86449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86450,86451],{"class":116},"# Append to a text file\n",[49,86453,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86455,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86457,85881],{"class":104},[49,86459,108],{"class":63},[49,86461,347],{"class":346},[49,86463,86323],{"class":350},[49,86465,347],{"class":346},[49,86467,71],{"class":63},[49,86469,357],{"class":346},[49,86471,308],{"class":350},[49,86473,347],{"class":346},[49,86475,71],{"class":63},[49,86477,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86479,60],{"class":59},[49,86481,347],{"class":346},[49,86483,85910],{"class":350},[49,86485,347],{"class":346},[49,86487,113],{"class":63},[49,86489,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86491,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86493,5826],{"class":63},[49,86495,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86509,86511,86513],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86497,86424],{"class":85919},[49,86499,91],{"class":63},[49,86501,69479],{"class":94},[49,86503,108],{"class":63},[49,86505,347],{"class":346},[49,86507,86508],{"class":350},"Another line",[49,86510,86437],{"class":33875},[49,86512,347],{"class":346},[49,86514,272],{"class":63},[20,86516,68631,86517,86519],{},[15,86518,86274],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[35,86521,86523],{"id":86522},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86525,86526,21397,86528,91],{},[15,86527,85859],{},[30,86529,85984],{},[20,86531,86532],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[137,86534,86535,86540,86545],{},[140,86536,86537],{},[15,86538,86539],{},"file.read()",[140,86541,86542],{},[15,86543,86544],{},"file.write()",[140,86546,86547],{},[15,86548,86549],{},"file.close()",[20,86551,86552],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86554,761],{},[40,86556,86558],{"className":42,"code":86557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86559,86560,86602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86561,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86563,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86565,85881],{"class":104},[49,86567,108],{"class":63},[49,86569,347],{"class":346},[49,86571,85888],{"class":350},[49,86573,347],{"class":346},[49,86575,71],{"class":63},[49,86577,357],{"class":346},[49,86579,59788],{"class":350},[49,86581,347],{"class":346},[49,86583,71],{"class":63},[49,86585,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86587,60],{"class":59},[49,86589,347],{"class":346},[49,86591,85910],{"class":350},[49,86593,347],{"class":346},[49,86595,113],{"class":63},[49,86597,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86599,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86601,5826],{"class":63},[49,86603,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612,86614],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86605,7501],{"class":104},[49,86607,108],{"class":63},[49,86609,1175],{"class":1174},[49,86611,108],{"class":63},[49,86613,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86615,1182],{"class":63},[20,86617,29453],{},[40,86619,86621],{"className":42,"code":86620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86622,86623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86624,86625,86627,86629,86631,86634,86636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86626,2723],{"class":59},[49,86628,2726],{"class":1497},[49,86630,2729],{"class":346},[49,86632,86633],{"class":350},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[49,86635,2734],{"class":346},[49,86637,2737],{"class":59},[20,86639,86640,86641,86643],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86642,85859],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[35,86645,86647],{"id":86646},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86649,86650],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[40,86652,86653],{"className":42,"code":85871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86654,86655,86697,86711],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86656,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86658,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86660,85881],{"class":104},[49,86662,108],{"class":63},[49,86664,347],{"class":346},[49,86666,85888],{"class":350},[49,86668,347],{"class":346},[49,86670,71],{"class":63},[49,86672,357],{"class":346},[49,86674,59788],{"class":350},[49,86676,347],{"class":346},[49,86678,71],{"class":63},[49,86680,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86682,60],{"class":59},[49,86684,347],{"class":346},[49,86686,85910],{"class":350},[49,86688,347],{"class":346},[49,86690,113],{"class":63},[49,86692,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86694,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86696,5826],{"class":63},[49,86698,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86700,85927],{"class":55},[49,86702,60],{"class":59},[49,86704,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86706,91],{"class":63},[49,86708,85936],{"class":94},[49,86710,98],{"class":63},[49,86712,86713,86715,86717,86719],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86714,7501],{"class":104},[49,86716,108],{"class":63},[49,86718,85947],{"class":94},[49,86720,272],{"class":63},[20,86722,86723],{},"Why this is recommended:",[137,86725,86726,86731,86737,86740],{},[140,86727,86728,86730],{},[15,86729,85878],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[140,86732,86733,86734,86736],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86735,86014],{}," yourself",[140,86738,86739],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[140,86741,86742],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86744,83036,86745,86747],{},[15,86746,85878],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[40,86749,86750],{"className":42,"code":86019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86751,86752,86790,86804,86814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86753,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86755,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86757,12696],{"class":59},[49,86759,85881],{"class":104},[49,86761,108],{"class":63},[49,86763,347],{"class":346},[49,86765,85888],{"class":350},[49,86767,347],{"class":346},[49,86769,71],{"class":63},[49,86771,357],{"class":346},[49,86773,59788],{"class":350},[49,86775,347],{"class":346},[49,86777,71],{"class":63},[49,86779,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86781,60],{"class":59},[49,86783,347],{"class":346},[49,86785,85910],{"class":350},[49,86787,347],{"class":346},[49,86789,272],{"class":63},[49,86791,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86793,86065],{"class":55},[49,86795,60],{"class":59},[49,86797,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86799,91],{"class":63},[49,86801,85936],{"class":94},[49,86803,98],{"class":63},[49,86805,86806,86808,86810,86812],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86807,105],{"class":104},[49,86809,108],{"class":63},[49,86811,85947],{"class":94},[49,86813,272],{"class":63},[49,86815,86816,86818,86820,86822],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,86817,86026],{"class":85919},[49,86819,91],{"class":63},[49,86821,86094],{"class":94},[49,86823,98],{"class":63},[20,86825,86826],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[35,86828,86830],{"id":86829},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86832,86833,86834,86836],{},"Use mode ",[15,86835,85957],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[528,86838,86840],{"id":86839},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86842,86843,86845],{},[15,86844,85994],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[40,86847,86848],{"className":42,"code":85871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86849,86850,86892,86906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86851,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86853,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86855,85881],{"class":104},[49,86857,108],{"class":63},[49,86859,347],{"class":346},[49,86861,85888],{"class":350},[49,86863,347],{"class":346},[49,86865,71],{"class":63},[49,86867,357],{"class":346},[49,86869,59788],{"class":350},[49,86871,347],{"class":346},[49,86873,71],{"class":63},[49,86875,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86877,60],{"class":59},[49,86879,347],{"class":346},[49,86881,85910],{"class":350},[49,86883,347],{"class":346},[49,86885,113],{"class":63},[49,86887,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86889,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86891,5826],{"class":63},[49,86893,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86895,85927],{"class":55},[49,86897,60],{"class":59},[49,86899,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86901,91],{"class":63},[49,86903,85936],{"class":94},[49,86905,98],{"class":63},[49,86907,86908,86910,86912,86914],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86909,7501],{"class":104},[49,86911,108],{"class":63},[49,86913,85947],{"class":94},[49,86915,272],{"class":63},[528,86917,86919],{"id":86918},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,86921,86922,86924],{},[15,86923,85999],{}," reads one line at a time.",[40,86926,86928],{"className":42,"code":86927,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,86929,86930,86972,86988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86931,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86933,85878],{"class":3306},[49,86935,85881],{"class":104},[49,86937,108],{"class":63},[49,86939,347],{"class":346},[49,86941,85888],{"class":350},[49,86943,347],{"class":346},[49,86945,71],{"class":63},[49,86947,357],{"class":346},[49,86949,59788],{"class":350},[49,86951,347],{"class":346},[49,86953,71],{"class":63},[49,86955,85903],{"class":8607},[49,86957,60],{"class":59},[49,86959,347],{"class":346},[49,86961,85910],{"class":350},[49,86963,347],{"class":346},[49,86965,113],{"class":63},[49,86967,46782],{"class":3306},[49,86969,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86971,5826],{"class":63},[49,86973,86974,86977,86979,86981,86983,86986],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,86975,86976],{"class":55},"    first_line ",[49,86978,60],{"class":59},[49,86980,85920],{"class":85919},[49,86982,91],{"class":63},[49,86984,86985],{"class":94},"readline",[49,86987,98],{"class":63},[49,86989,86990,86992,86994,86997],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,86991,7501],{"class":104},[49,86993,108],{"class":63},[49,86995,86996],{"class":94},"first_line",[49,86998,272],{"class":63},[528,87000,87002],{"id":87001},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87004,87005],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[40,87007,87009],{"className":42,"code":87008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87010,87011,87053,87067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87012,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87014,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87016,85881],{"class":104},[49,87018,108],{"class":63},[49,87020,347],{"class":346},[49,87022,85888],{"class":350},[49,87024,347],{"class":346},[49,87026,71],{"class":63},[49,87028,357],{"class":346},[49,87030,59788],{"class":350},[49,87032,347],{"class":346},[49,87034,71],{"class":63},[49,87036,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87038,60],{"class":59},[49,87040,347],{"class":346},[49,87042,85910],{"class":350},[49,87044,347],{"class":346},[49,87046,113],{"class":63},[49,87048,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87050,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87052,5826],{"class":63},[49,87054,87055,87058,87061,87063,87065],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87056,87057],{"class":3306},"    for",[49,87059,87060],{"class":55}," line ",[49,87062,3313],{"class":3306},[49,87064,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87066,5826],{"class":63},[49,87068,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,87070,46762],{"class":104},[49,87072,108],{"class":63},[49,87074,51],{"class":94},[49,87076,91],{"class":63},[49,87078,8065],{"class":94},[49,87080,6628],{"class":63},[20,87082,87083,87084,2310,87088,91],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[308,87085,87087],{"href":87086},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[308,87089,87091],{"href":87090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[35,87093,87095],{"id":87094},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87097,120,87098,87100],{},[15,87099,86274],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[40,87102,87104],{"className":42,"code":87103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87105,87106,87149,87170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87107,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87109,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87111,85881],{"class":104},[49,87113,108],{"class":63},[49,87115,347],{"class":346},[49,87117,87118],{"class":350},"output.txt",[49,87120,347],{"class":346},[49,87122,71],{"class":63},[49,87124,357],{"class":346},[49,87126,59771],{"class":350},[49,87128,347],{"class":346},[49,87130,71],{"class":63},[49,87132,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87134,60],{"class":59},[49,87136,347],{"class":346},[49,87138,85910],{"class":350},[49,87140,347],{"class":346},[49,87142,113],{"class":63},[49,87144,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87146,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87148,5826],{"class":63},[49,87150,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87164,87166,87168],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87152,86424],{"class":85919},[49,87154,91],{"class":63},[49,87156,69479],{"class":94},[49,87158,108],{"class":63},[49,87160,347],{"class":346},[49,87162,87163],{"class":350},"First line",[49,87165,86437],{"class":33875},[49,87167,347],{"class":346},[49,87169,272],{"class":63},[49,87171,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87185,87187,87189],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,87173,86424],{"class":85919},[49,87175,91],{"class":63},[49,87177,69479],{"class":94},[49,87179,108],{"class":63},[49,87181,347],{"class":346},[49,87183,87184],{"class":350},"Second line",[49,87186,86437],{"class":33875},[49,87188,347],{"class":346},[49,87190,272],{"class":63},[20,87192,120,87193,87195],{},[15,87194,17518],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[40,87197,87199],{"className":42,"code":87198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87200,87201,87243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87202,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87204,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87206,85881],{"class":104},[49,87208,108],{"class":63},[49,87210,347],{"class":346},[49,87212,87118],{"class":350},[49,87214,347],{"class":346},[49,87216,71],{"class":63},[49,87218,357],{"class":346},[49,87220,308],{"class":350},[49,87222,347],{"class":346},[49,87224,71],{"class":63},[49,87226,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87228,60],{"class":59},[49,87230,347],{"class":346},[49,87232,85910],{"class":350},[49,87234,347],{"class":346},[49,87236,113],{"class":63},[49,87238,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87240,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87242,5826],{"class":63},[49,87244,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87258,87260,87262],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87246,86424],{"class":85919},[49,87248,91],{"class":63},[49,87250,69479],{"class":94},[49,87252,108],{"class":63},[49,87254,347],{"class":346},[49,87256,87257],{"class":350},"Third line",[49,87259,86437],{"class":33875},[49,87261,347],{"class":346},[49,87263,272],{"class":63},[20,87265,87266],{},"Important detail:",[137,87268,87269,87274,87281],{},[140,87270,87271,87273],{},[15,87272,86009],{}," writes a string",[140,87275,87276,13474,87278,87280],{},[15,87277,86009],{},[30,87279,329],{}," add a newline for you",[140,87282,87283,87284,86736],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87285,86437],{},[20,87287,87288,87289,2310,87293,91],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[308,87290,87292],{"href":87291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[308,87294,87296],{"href":87295},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[35,87298,87300],{"id":87299},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87302,87303],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[528,87305,87307],{"id":87306},"encodingutf-8",[15,87308,86254],{},[20,87310,87311],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[40,87313,87315],{"className":42,"code":87314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87316,87317,87360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87318,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87320,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87322,85881],{"class":104},[49,87324,108],{"class":63},[49,87326,347],{"class":346},[49,87328,87329],{"class":350},"message.txt",[49,87331,347],{"class":346},[49,87333,71],{"class":63},[49,87335,357],{"class":346},[49,87337,59788],{"class":350},[49,87339,347],{"class":346},[49,87341,71],{"class":63},[49,87343,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87345,60],{"class":59},[49,87347,347],{"class":346},[49,87349,85910],{"class":350},[49,87351,347],{"class":346},[49,87353,113],{"class":63},[49,87355,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87357,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87359,5826],{"class":63},[49,87361,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87363,7501],{"class":104},[49,87365,108],{"class":63},[49,87367,86026],{"class":85919},[49,87369,91],{"class":63},[49,87371,85936],{"class":94},[49,87373,6628],{"class":63},[20,87375,87376],{},"Why it matters:",[137,87378,87379,87382,87385],{},[140,87380,87381],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[140,87383,87384],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[140,87386,87387],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[528,87389,87391],{"id":87390},"newline",[15,87392,87390],{},[20,87394,87395],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87397,87398],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[528,87400,87402],{"id":87401},"buffering",[15,87403,87401],{},[20,87405,87406],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87408,87409],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[35,87411,87413],{"id":87412},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87415,87416],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[528,87418,87420],{"id":87419},"filenotfounderror",[15,87421,87422],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87424,87425],{},"This happens when:",[137,87427,87428,87431,87434],{},[140,87429,87430],{},"the file does not exist",[140,87432,87433],{},"the path is wrong",[140,87435,87436],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87438,761],{},[40,87440,87442],{"className":42,"code":87441,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87443,87444,87487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87445,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87447,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87449,85881],{"class":104},[49,87451,108],{"class":63},[49,87453,347],{"class":346},[49,87455,87456],{"class":350},"missing.txt",[49,87458,347],{"class":346},[49,87460,71],{"class":63},[49,87462,357],{"class":346},[49,87464,59788],{"class":350},[49,87466,347],{"class":346},[49,87468,71],{"class":63},[49,87470,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87472,60],{"class":59},[49,87474,347],{"class":346},[49,87476,85910],{"class":350},[49,87478,347],{"class":346},[49,87480,113],{"class":63},[49,87482,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87484,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87486,5826],{"class":63},[49,87488,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87490,7501],{"class":104},[49,87492,108],{"class":63},[49,87494,86026],{"class":85919},[49,87496,91],{"class":63},[49,87498,85936],{"class":94},[49,87500,6628],{"class":63},[20,87502,87503,87504,618,87512,91],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[308,87505,87507,87508,87511],{"href":87506},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[49,87509,87510],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[308,87513,87515],{"href":87514},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[528,87517,87519],{"id":87518},"permissionerror",[15,87520,87521],{},"PermissionError",[20,87523,87524],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87526,87527],{},"Example causes:",[137,87529,87530,87533,87536],{},[140,87531,87532],{},"the file is protected",[140,87534,87535],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[140,87537,87538],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87540,87541,87542],{},"Related page: ",[308,87543,87545,87546,87549],{"href":87544},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[49,87547,87548],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[528,87551,87553],{"id":87552},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87554,87555],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87557,87558],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87560,761],{},[40,87562,87564],{"className":42,"code":87563,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87565,87566,87609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87567,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87569,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87571,85881],{"class":104},[49,87573,108],{"class":63},[49,87575,347],{"class":346},[49,87577,87578],{"class":350},"my_folder",[49,87580,347],{"class":346},[49,87582,71],{"class":63},[49,87584,357],{"class":346},[49,87586,59788],{"class":350},[49,87588,347],{"class":346},[49,87590,71],{"class":63},[49,87592,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87594,60],{"class":59},[49,87596,347],{"class":346},[49,87598,85910],{"class":350},[49,87600,347],{"class":346},[49,87602,113],{"class":63},[49,87604,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87606,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87608,5826],{"class":63},[49,87610,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87612,7501],{"class":104},[49,87614,108],{"class":63},[49,87616,86026],{"class":85919},[49,87618,91],{"class":63},[49,87620,85936],{"class":94},[49,87622,6628],{"class":63},[20,87624,87541,87625],{},[308,87626,87628,87629,87632],{"href":87627},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[49,87630,87631],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[528,87634,87636],{"id":87635},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87637,87638],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87640,87641,87642,91],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87643,85859],{},[20,87645,87541,87646],{},[308,87647,87649],{"href":87648},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[35,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87655,87656,87657,87659],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87658,85859],{}," function.",[20,87661,87662],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[137,87664,87665,87668,87671,87677],{},[140,87666,87667],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[140,87669,87670],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[140,87672,87673,87674,87676],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87675,85859],{}," itself",[140,87678,87679,87680],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[308,87681,87683],{"href":87682},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[35,87685,2261],{"id":2260},[20,87687,87688,87689,135],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87690,85859],{},[137,87692,87693,87698,87704,87709,87712,87715],{},[140,87694,1092,87695,87697],{},[15,87696,85957],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[140,87699,87700,87701,87703],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87702,86158],{}," for text files",[140,87705,1092,87706,87708],{},[15,87707,86274],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[140,87710,87711],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[140,87713,87714],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[140,87716,87717],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87719,87720],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[40,87722,87724],{"className":42,"code":87723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87725,87726,87733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87727,87728,87730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87729,34512],{"class":3306},[49,87731,87732],{"class":55}," os\n",[49,87734,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87746],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87736,105],{"class":104},[49,87738,108],{"class":63},[49,87740,42049],{"class":94},[49,87742,91],{"class":63},[49,87744,87745],{"class":94},"getcwd",[49,87747,6628],{"class":63},[20,87749,87750],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[40,87752,87754],{"className":42,"code":87753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87755,87756,87762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87757,87758,87760],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87759,34512],{"class":3306},[49,87761,87732],{"class":55},[49,87763,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87775,87777,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87765,105],{"class":104},[49,87767,108],{"class":63},[49,87769,42049],{"class":94},[49,87771,91],{"class":63},[49,87773,87774],{"class":915},"path",[49,87776,91],{"class":63},[49,87778,87779],{"class":94},"exists",[49,87781,108],{"class":63},[49,87783,347],{"class":346},[49,87785,85888],{"class":350},[49,87787,347],{"class":346},[49,87789,1182],{"class":63},[20,87791,87792],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[40,87794,87796],{"className":42,"code":87795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87797,87798,87804],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87799,87800,87802],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87801,34512],{"class":3306},[49,87803,87732],{"class":55},[49,87805,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87807,105],{"class":104},[49,87809,108],{"class":63},[49,87811,42049],{"class":94},[49,87813,91],{"class":63},[49,87815,87774],{"class":915},[49,87817,91],{"class":63},[49,87819,87820],{"class":94},"isfile",[49,87822,108],{"class":63},[49,87824,347],{"class":346},[49,87826,85888],{"class":350},[49,87828,347],{"class":346},[49,87830,1182],{"class":63},[20,87832,87833],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[40,87835,87837],{"className":42,"code":87836,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87838,87839,87881],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87840,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87842,85878],{"class":3306},[49,87844,85881],{"class":104},[49,87846,108],{"class":63},[49,87848,347],{"class":346},[49,87850,85888],{"class":350},[49,87852,347],{"class":346},[49,87854,71],{"class":63},[49,87856,357],{"class":346},[49,87858,59788],{"class":350},[49,87860,347],{"class":346},[49,87862,71],{"class":63},[49,87864,85903],{"class":8607},[49,87866,60],{"class":59},[49,87868,347],{"class":346},[49,87870,85910],{"class":350},[49,87872,347],{"class":346},[49,87874,113],{"class":63},[49,87876,46782],{"class":3306},[49,87878,85920],{"class":85919},[49,87880,5826],{"class":63},[49,87882,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,87884,7501],{"class":104},[49,87886,108],{"class":63},[49,87888,86026],{"class":85919},[49,87890,91],{"class":63},[49,87892,85936],{"class":94},[49,87894,6628],{"class":63},[20,87896,87897],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[35,87899,1253],{"id":1252},[528,87901,87903],{"id":87902},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,87905,87906],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[528,87908,87910],{"id":87909},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,87912,87913,87914,87916],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,87915,85878],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[528,87918,1279,87920,618,87922,87924],{"id":87919},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,87921,86274],{},[15,87923,17518],{}," mode?",[20,87926,87927,87929,87930,87932],{},[15,87928,86274],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,87931,17518],{}," adds new content to the end.",[528,87934,87936],{"id":87935},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,87938,87939],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[528,87941,87943],{"id":87942},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,87945,87946,87947,87949],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,87948,86254],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[35,87951,1309],{"id":1308},[137,87953,87954,87958,87962,87966,87970,87974,87978,87984],{},[140,87955,87956],{},[308,87957,87087],{"href":87086},[140,87959,87960],{},[308,87961,87292],{"href":87291},[140,87963,87964],{},[308,87965,87296],{"href":87295},[140,87967,87968],{},[308,87969,87091],{"href":87090},[140,87971,87972],{},[308,87973,87683],{"href":87682},[140,87975,87976],{},[308,87977,87515],{"href":87514},[140,87979,87980],{},[308,87981,87507,87982,87511],{"href":87506},[49,87983,87510],{},[140,87985,87986],{},[308,87987,87545,87988,87549],{"href":87544},[49,87989,87548],{},[1352,87991,87992],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":87994},[87995,87996,87997,87998,87999,88000,88001,88006,88007,88012,88018,88019,88020,88028],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":85961,"depth":85,"text":85962},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":86258,"depth":85,"text":86259},{"id":86522,"depth":85,"text":86523},{"id":86646,"depth":85,"text":86647},{"id":86829,"depth":85,"text":86830,"children":88002},[88003,88004,88005],{"id":86839,"depth":101,"text":86840},{"id":86918,"depth":101,"text":86919},{"id":87001,"depth":101,"text":87002},{"id":87094,"depth":85,"text":87095},{"id":87299,"depth":85,"text":87300,"children":88008},[88009,88010,88011],{"id":87306,"depth":101,"text":86254},{"id":87390,"depth":101,"text":87390},{"id":87401,"depth":101,"text":87401},{"id":87412,"depth":85,"text":87413,"children":88013},[88014,88015,88016,88017],{"id":87419,"depth":101,"text":87422},{"id":87518,"depth":101,"text":87521},{"id":87552,"depth":101,"text":87555},{"id":87635,"depth":101,"text":87638},{"id":87652,"depth":85,"text":87653},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":88021},[88022,88023,88024,88026,88027],{"id":87902,"depth":101,"text":87903},{"id":87909,"depth":101,"text":87910},{"id":87919,"depth":101,"text":88025},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":87935,"depth":101,"text":87936},{"id":87942,"depth":101,"text":87943},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85849,"description":88029},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88036,"title":88037,"body":88038,"description":90033,"extension":1392,"meta":90034,"navigation":243,"path":90035,"seo":90036,"stem":90037,"__hash__":90038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88039,"toc":89980},[88040,88045,88050,88056,88058,88126,88128,88147,88152,88157,88162,88165,88177,88179,88222,88224,88242,88253,88255,88257,88282,88284,88295,88297,88357,88359,88385,88388,88392,88397,88401,88404,88438,88442,88445,88470,88474,88497,88501,88534,88539,88543,88548,88551,88619,88621,88645,88650,88653,88684,88686,88718,88735,88739,88744,88768,88775,88780,88785,88788,88792,88827,88829,88838,88842,88933,88935,88966,88971,88978,88983,88992,88995,89029,89031,89045,89049,89090,89092,89101,89105,89153,89155,89169,89174,89185,89192,89198,89200,89235,89237,89251,89254,89276,89282,89311,89322,89328,89334,89348,89350,89429,89431,89481,89488,89490,89495,89499,89502,89517,89522,89524,89543,89549,89552,89567,89569,89587,89593,89598,89628,89631,89654,89657,89684,89691,89697,89705,89728,89733,89741,89743,89763,89767,89773,89823,89826,89848,89850,89856,89864,89870,89876,89884,89889,89893,89896,89919,89924,89931,89943,89945,89977],[10,88041,3010,88043,3014],{"id":88042},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88044,45876],{},[20,88046,31740,88047,88049],{},[15,88048,45876],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88051,88052,88053,88055],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88054,45876],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[35,88057,1434],{"id":1433},[40,88059,88061],{"className":42,"code":88060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88062,88063,88075,88084,88088,88098,88108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88064,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88066,7308],{"class":55},[49,88068,60],{"class":59},[49,88070,357],{"class":346},[49,88072,7353],{"class":350},[49,88074,1124],{"class":346},[49,88076,88077,88079,88081],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88078,21050],{"class":55},[49,88080,60],{"class":59},[49,88082,88083],{"class":67}," 12\n",[49,88085,88086],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88087,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,88089,88090,88092,88094,88096],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,88091,105],{"class":104},[49,88093,108],{"class":63},[49,88095,7103],{"class":94},[49,88097,272],{"class":63},[49,88099,88100,88102,88104,88106],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,88101,105],{"class":104},[49,88103,108],{"class":63},[49,88105,8731],{"class":94},[49,88107,272],{"class":63},[49,88109,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,88111,105],{"class":104},[49,88113,108],{"class":63},[49,88115,347],{"class":346},[49,88117,34288],{"class":350},[49,88119,347],{"class":346},[49,88121,71],{"class":63},[49,88123,35414],{"class":94},[49,88125,272],{"class":63},[20,88127,275],{},[40,88129,88131],{"className":42,"code":88130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88132,88133,88138,88142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88134,88135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88136,88137],{"class":55},"Mia\n",[49,88139,88140],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88141,1658],{"class":67},[49,88143,88144],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88145,88146],{"class":55},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88148,120,88149,88151],{},[15,88150,45876],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[35,88153,127,88155,130],{"id":88154},"what-print-does",[15,88156,45876],{},[20,88158,88159,88161],{},[15,88160,45876],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88163,88164],{},"You can use it to display:",[137,88166,88167,88169,88171,88174],{},[140,88168,1129],{},[140,88170,249],{},[140,88172,88173],{},"variables",[140,88175,88176],{},"expressions",[20,88178,761],{},[40,88180,88182],{"className":42,"code":88181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88183,88184,88198,88208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88185,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88187,105],{"class":104},[49,88189,108],{"class":63},[49,88191,347],{"class":346},[49,88193,34288],{"class":350},[49,88195,347],{"class":346},[49,88197,272],{"class":63},[49,88199,88200,88202,88204,88206],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88201,105],{"class":104},[49,88203,108],{"class":63},[49,88205,1569],{"class":67},[49,88207,272],{"class":63},[49,88209,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88211,105],{"class":104},[49,88213,108],{"class":63},[49,88215,1488],{"class":67},[49,88217,1885],{"class":59},[49,88219,79],{"class":67},[49,88221,272],{"class":63},[20,88223,275],{},[40,88225,88227],{"className":42,"code":88226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88228,88229,88234,88238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88230,88231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88232,88233],{"class":55},"Hello\n",[49,88235,88236],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88237,2379],{"class":67},[49,88239,88240],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88241,2379],{"class":67},[20,88243,88244,88245,88247,88248,88252],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88246,45876],{}," ",[30,88249,3122,88250],{},[15,88251,323],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[35,88254,164],{"id":163},[20,88256,30148],{},[40,88258,88260],{"className":42,"code":88259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88261,88262],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88263,88264,88266,88268,88271,88273,88276,88278,88280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88265,105],{"class":104},[49,88267,108],{"class":63},[49,88269,88270],{"class":94},"object1",[49,88272,71],{"class":63},[49,88274,88275],{"class":94}," object2",[49,88277,71],{"class":63},[49,88279,33876],{"class":104},[49,88281,272],{"class":63},[20,88283,79487],{},[137,88285,88286,88289,88292],{},[140,88287,88288],{},"one value",[140,88290,88291],{},"many values",[140,88293,88294],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88296,761],{},[40,88298,88300],{"className":42,"code":88299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88301,88302,88316,88335],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88303,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88305,105],{"class":104},[49,88307,108],{"class":63},[49,88309,347],{"class":346},[49,88311,57050],{"class":350},[49,88313,347],{"class":346},[49,88315,272],{"class":63},[49,88317,88318,88320,88322,88324,88327,88329,88331,88333],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88319,105],{"class":104},[49,88321,108],{"class":63},[49,88323,347],{"class":346},[49,88325,88326],{"class":350},"Score:",[49,88328,347],{"class":346},[49,88330,71],{"class":63},[49,88332,5437],{"class":67},[49,88334,272],{"class":63},[49,88336,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88338,105],{"class":104},[49,88340,108],{"class":63},[49,88342,347],{"class":346},[49,88344,44987],{"class":350},[49,88346,347],{"class":346},[49,88348,71],{"class":63},[49,88350,1888],{"class":67},[49,88352,1885],{"class":59},[49,88354,37067],{"class":67},[49,88356,272],{"class":63},[20,88358,275],{},[40,88360,88362],{"className":42,"code":88361,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88363,88364,88368,88377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88365,88366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88367,84640],{"class":55},[49,88369,88370,88373,88375],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88371,88372],{"class":55},"Score",[49,88374,135],{"class":63},[49,88376,2017],{"class":67},[49,88378,88379,88381,88383],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88380,45027],{"class":55},[49,88382,135],{"class":63},[49,88384,2017],{"class":67},[20,88386,88387],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[35,88389,88391],{"id":88390},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88393,88394,88395,91],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88396,45876],{},[528,88398,88400],{"id":88399},"print-text","Print text",[20,88402,88403],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[40,88405,88407],{"className":42,"code":88406,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88408,88409,88423],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88410,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88412,105],{"class":104},[49,88414,108],{"class":63},[49,88416,347],{"class":346},[49,88418,34288],{"class":350},[49,88420,347],{"class":346},[49,88422,272],{"class":63},[49,88424,88425,88427,88429,88431,88434,88436],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88426,105],{"class":104},[49,88428,108],{"class":63},[49,88430,347],{"class":346},[49,88432,88433],{"class":350},"Python is fun",[49,88435,347],{"class":346},[49,88437,272],{"class":63},[528,88439,88441],{"id":88440},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88443,88444],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[40,88446,88448],{"className":42,"code":88447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88449,88450,88460],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88451,88452,88454,88456,88458],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88453,105],{"class":104},[49,88455,108],{"class":63},[49,88457,1569],{"class":67},[49,88459,272],{"class":63},[49,88461,88462,88464,88466,88468],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88463,105],{"class":104},[49,88465,108],{"class":63},[49,88467,39567],{"class":67},[49,88469,272],{"class":63},[528,88471,88473],{"id":88472},"print-variables","Print variables",[40,88475,88477],{"className":42,"code":88476,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88478,88479,88487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88480,88481,88483,88485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88482,4526],{"class":55},[49,88484,60],{"class":59},[49,88486,13551],{"class":67},[49,88488,88489,88491,88493,88495],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88490,105],{"class":104},[49,88492,108],{"class":63},[49,88494,84804],{"class":94},[49,88496,272],{"class":63},[528,88498,88500],{"id":88499},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[40,88502,88504],{"className":42,"code":88503,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88505,88506,88520],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88507,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88509,105],{"class":104},[49,88511,108],{"class":63},[49,88513,1488],{"class":67},[49,88515,1885],{"class":59},[49,88517,79],{"class":67},[49,88519,272],{"class":63},[49,88521,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88523,105],{"class":104},[49,88525,108],{"class":63},[49,88527,221],{"class":67},[49,88529,82116],{"class":59},[49,88531,1888],{"class":67},[49,88533,272],{"class":63},[20,88535,88536,88537,91],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[308,88538,50401],{"href":50400},[35,88540,88542],{"id":88541},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88544,88545,88547],{},[15,88546,45876],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88549,88550],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[40,88552,88554],{"className":42,"code":88553,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88555,88556,88569,88577,88581,88600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88557,88558,88560,88562,88564,88567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88559,7308],{"class":55},[49,88561,60],{"class":59},[49,88563,357],{"class":346},[49,88565,88566],{"class":350},"Ava",[49,88568,1124],{"class":346},[49,88570,88571,88573,88575],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88572,21050],{"class":55},[49,88574,60],{"class":59},[49,88576,2017],{"class":67},[49,88578,88579],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,88580,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,88582,88583,88585,88587,88589,88592,88594,88596,88598],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,88584,105],{"class":104},[49,88586,108],{"class":63},[49,88588,347],{"class":346},[49,88590,88591],{"class":350},"Name:",[49,88593,347],{"class":346},[49,88595,71],{"class":63},[49,88597,35414],{"class":94},[49,88599,272],{"class":63},[49,88601,88602,88604,88606,88608,88611,88613,88615,88617],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,88603,105],{"class":104},[49,88605,108],{"class":63},[49,88607,347],{"class":346},[49,88609,88610],{"class":350},"Age:",[49,88612,347],{"class":346},[49,88614,71],{"class":63},[49,88616,8620],{"class":94},[49,88618,272],{"class":63},[20,88620,275],{},[40,88622,88624],{"className":42,"code":88623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88625,88626,88636],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88627,88628,88631,88633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88629,88630],{"class":55},"Name",[49,88632,135],{"class":63},[49,88634,88635],{"class":55}," Ava\n",[49,88637,88638,88641,88643],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88639,88640],{"class":55},"Age",[49,88642,135],{"class":63},[49,88644,2017],{"class":67},[20,88646,88647,88648,91],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88649,1491],{},[20,88651,88652],{},"For example, this works:",[40,88654,88656],{"className":42,"code":88655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88657,88658,88666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88659,88660,88662,88664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88661,21050],{"class":55},[49,88663,60],{"class":59},[49,88665,2017],{"class":67},[49,88667,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88669,105],{"class":104},[49,88671,108],{"class":63},[49,88673,347],{"class":346},[49,88675,88610],{"class":350},[49,88677,347],{"class":346},[49,88679,71],{"class":63},[49,88681,8620],{"class":94},[49,88683,272],{"class":63},[20,88685,36349],{},[40,88687,88689],{"className":42,"code":88688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88690,88691,88699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88692,88693,88695,88697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88694,21050],{"class":55},[49,88696,60],{"class":59},[49,88698,2017],{"class":67},[49,88700,88701,88703,88705,88707,88710,88712,88714,88716],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88702,105],{"class":104},[49,88704,108],{"class":63},[49,88706,347],{"class":346},[49,88708,88709],{"class":350},"Age: ",[49,88711,347],{"class":346},[49,88713,1885],{"class":59},[49,88715,8620],{"class":94},[49,88717,272],{"class":63},[20,88719,88720,88721,88724,88725,88727,88728,88730,88731,91],{},"That fails because ",[15,88722,88723],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88726,8731],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88729,1491],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[308,88732,88733],{"href":41598},[15,88734,47108],{},[35,88736,88738],{"id":88737},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88740,88741,88743],{},[15,88742,45876],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[137,88745,88746,88752,88757,88762],{},[140,88747,88748,88751],{},[15,88749,88750],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[140,88753,88754,88756],{},[15,88755,52086],{}," controls what is added after the output",[140,88758,88759,88761],{},[15,88760,86026],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[140,88763,88764,88767],{},[15,88765,88766],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88769,88770,88771,618,88773,91],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88772,88750],{},[15,88774,52086],{},[35,88776,88778,36038],{"id":88777},"sep-argument",[15,88779,88750],{},[20,88781,1409,88782,88784],{},[15,88783,88750],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88786,88787],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[528,88789,88791],{"id":88790},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[40,88793,88795],{"className":42,"code":88794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88796,88797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88798,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823,88825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88800,105],{"class":104},[49,88802,108],{"class":63},[49,88804,347],{"class":346},[49,88806,12512],{"class":350},[49,88808,347],{"class":346},[49,88810,71],{"class":63},[49,88812,357],{"class":346},[49,88814,16877],{"class":350},[49,88816,347],{"class":346},[49,88818,71],{"class":63},[49,88820,357],{"class":346},[49,88822,12529],{"class":350},[49,88824,347],{"class":346},[49,88826,272],{"class":63},[20,88828,275],{},[40,88830,88832],{"className":42,"code":88831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red green blue\n",[15,88833,88834],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88835,88836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88837,88831],{"class":55},[528,88839,88841],{"id":88840},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[40,88843,88845],{"className":42,"code":88844,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88846,88847,88890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88848,88849,88851,88853,88855,88857,88859,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871,88873,88875,88877,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88850,105],{"class":104},[49,88852,108],{"class":63},[49,88854,347],{"class":346},[49,88856,12512],{"class":350},[49,88858,347],{"class":346},[49,88860,71],{"class":63},[49,88862,357],{"class":346},[49,88864,16877],{"class":350},[49,88866,347],{"class":346},[49,88868,71],{"class":63},[49,88870,357],{"class":346},[49,88872,12529],{"class":350},[49,88874,347],{"class":346},[49,88876,71],{"class":63},[49,88878,88879],{"class":8607}," sep",[49,88881,60],{"class":59},[49,88883,347],{"class":346},[49,88885,71],{"class":350},[49,88887,347],{"class":346},[49,88889,272],{"class":63},[49,88891,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918,88920,88922,88924,88926,88929,88931],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88893,105],{"class":104},[49,88895,108],{"class":63},[49,88897,347],{"class":346},[49,88899,12512],{"class":350},[49,88901,347],{"class":346},[49,88903,71],{"class":63},[49,88905,357],{"class":346},[49,88907,16877],{"class":350},[49,88909,347],{"class":346},[49,88911,71],{"class":63},[49,88913,357],{"class":346},[49,88915,12529],{"class":350},[49,88917,347],{"class":346},[49,88919,71],{"class":63},[49,88921,88879],{"class":8607},[49,88923,60],{"class":59},[49,88925,347],{"class":346},[49,88927,88928],{"class":350}," - ",[49,88930,347],{"class":346},[49,88932,272],{"class":63},[20,88934,275],{},[40,88936,88938],{"className":42,"code":88937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,88939,88940,88952],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88941,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88943,12512],{"class":55},[49,88945,71],{"class":63},[49,88947,16877],{"class":55},[49,88949,71],{"class":63},[49,88951,69265],{"class":55},[49,88953,88954,88957,88959,88962,88964],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,88955,88956],{"class":55},"red ",[49,88958,1453],{"class":59},[49,88960,88961],{"class":55}," green ",[49,88963,1453],{"class":59},[49,88965,35303],{"class":55},[20,88967,88968,88970],{},[15,88969,88750],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,88972,88973,88974,91],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[308,88975,88977],{"href":88976},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[35,88979,88981,36038],{"id":88980},"end-argument",[15,88982,52086],{},[20,88984,88985,88986,88988,88989,88991],{},"By default, ",[15,88987,45876],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,88990,45876],{}," starts on a new line.",[528,88993,88791],{"id":88994},"default-behavior-1",[40,88996,88998],{"className":42,"code":88997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,88999,89000,89014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89003,105],{"class":104},[49,89005,108],{"class":63},[49,89007,347],{"class":346},[49,89009,34288],{"class":350},[49,89011,347],{"class":346},[49,89013,272],{"class":63},[49,89015,89016,89018,89020,89022,89025,89027],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89017,105],{"class":104},[49,89019,108],{"class":63},[49,89021,347],{"class":346},[49,89023,89024],{"class":350},"World",[49,89026,347],{"class":346},[49,89028,272],{"class":63},[20,89030,275],{},[40,89032,89034],{"className":42,"code":89033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89035,89036,89040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89037,89038],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89039,88233],{"class":55},[49,89041,89042],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89043,89044],{"class":55},"World\n",[528,89046,89048],{"id":89047},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[40,89050,89052],{"className":42,"code":89051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89053,89054,89076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89055,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89057,105],{"class":104},[49,89059,108],{"class":63},[49,89061,347],{"class":346},[49,89063,34288],{"class":350},[49,89065,347],{"class":346},[49,89067,71],{"class":63},[49,89069,64324],{"class":8607},[49,89071,60],{"class":59},[49,89073,5705],{"class":346},[49,89075,272],{"class":63},[49,89077,89078,89080,89082,89084,89086,89088],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89079,105],{"class":104},[49,89081,108],{"class":63},[49,89083,347],{"class":346},[49,89085,89024],{"class":350},[49,89087,347],{"class":346},[49,89089,272],{"class":63},[20,89091,275],{},[40,89093,89095],{"className":42,"code":89094,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89096,89097],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89098,89099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89100,89094],{"class":55},[528,89102,89104],{"id":89103},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[40,89106,89108],{"className":42,"code":89107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89109,89110,89139],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89111,89112,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130,89133,89135,89137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89113,105],{"class":104},[49,89115,108],{"class":63},[49,89117,347],{"class":346},[49,89119,34288],{"class":350},[49,89121,347],{"class":346},[49,89123,71],{"class":63},[49,89125,64324],{"class":8607},[49,89127,60],{"class":59},[49,89129,347],{"class":346},[49,89131,89132],{"class":350},"!",[49,89134,86437],{"class":33875},[49,89136,347],{"class":346},[49,89138,272],{"class":63},[49,89140,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89142,105],{"class":104},[49,89144,108],{"class":63},[49,89146,347],{"class":346},[49,89148,89024],{"class":350},[49,89150,347],{"class":346},[49,89152,272],{"class":63},[20,89154,275],{},[40,89156,89158],{"className":42,"code":89157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89159,89160,89165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89161,89162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89163,89164],{"class":55},"Hello!\n",[49,89166,89167],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89168,89044],{"class":55},[20,89170,1409,89171,89173],{},[15,89172,52086],{}," argument is useful for:",[137,89175,89176,89179,89182],{},[140,89177,89178],{},"progress messages",[140,89180,89181],{},"inline output",[140,89183,89184],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[35,89186,89188,320,89190],{"id":89187},"print-returns-none",[15,89189,45876],{},[15,89191,323],{},[20,89193,89194,89195,89197],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89196,45876],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89199,761],{},[40,89201,89203],{"className":42,"code":89202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89204,89205,89225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89206,89207,89209,89211,89214,89216,89218,89221,89223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89208,382],{"class":55},[49,89210,60],{"class":59},[49,89212,89213],{"class":104}," print",[49,89215,108],{"class":63},[49,89217,347],{"class":346},[49,89219,89220],{"class":350},"Hi",[49,89222,347],{"class":346},[49,89224,272],{"class":63},[49,89226,89227,89229,89231,89233],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89228,105],{"class":104},[49,89230,108],{"class":63},[49,89232,420],{"class":94},[49,89234,272],{"class":63},[20,89236,275],{},[40,89238,89240],{"className":42,"code":89239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89241,89242,89247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89243,89244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89245,89246],{"class":55},"Hi\n",[49,89248,89249],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89250,11232],{"class":3281},[20,89252,89253],{},"Why does this happen?",[137,89255,89256,89264,89269],{},[140,89257,89258,89261,89262],{},[15,89259,89260],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89263,89220],{},[140,89265,89266,89267],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89268,323],{},[140,89270,89271,89272,11343,89274],{},"so ",[15,89273,420],{},[15,89275,323],{},[20,89277,89278,89279,89281],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89280,45876],{}," call.",[40,89283,89285],{"className":42,"code":89284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89286,89287,89300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89288,89289,89292,89294,89296,89298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89290,89291],{"class":55},"message ",[49,89293,60],{"class":59},[49,89295,357],{"class":346},[49,89297,89220],{"class":350},[49,89299,1124],{"class":346},[49,89301,89302,89304,89306,89309],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89303,105],{"class":104},[49,89305,108],{"class":63},[49,89307,89308],{"class":94},"message",[49,89310,272],{"class":63},[20,89312,89313,89314,89316,89317,89321],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89315,45876],{}," with functions like ",[308,89318,89319],{"href":7652},[15,89320,2390],{},", which do return a value.",[35,89323,89325,89326],{"id":89324},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89327,45876],{},[20,89329,89330,89331,89333],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89332,45876],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[137,89335,89336,89339,89342,89345],{},[140,89337,89338],{},"to display results to the user",[140,89340,89341],{},"to show messages in a script",[140,89343,89344],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[140,89346,89347],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89349,761],{},[40,89351,89353],{"className":42,"code":89352,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89354,89355,89363,89367,89387,89398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89356,89357,89359,89361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89358,40606],{"class":55},[49,89360,60],{"class":59},[49,89362,37936],{"class":67},[49,89364,89365],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89366,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,89368,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,89370,5391],{"class":3306},[49,89372,5819],{"class":55},[49,89374,3313],{"class":3306},[49,89376,53494],{"class":104},[49,89378,108],{"class":63},[49,89380,68],{"class":67},[49,89382,71],{"class":63},[49,89384,1888],{"class":67},[49,89386,7773],{"class":63},[49,89388,89389,89392,89395],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,89390,89391],{"class":55},"    total ",[49,89393,89394],{"class":59},"+=",[49,89396,89397],{"class":55}," number\n",[49,89399,89400,89402,89404,89406,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423,89425,89427],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,89401,7501],{"class":104},[49,89403,108],{"class":63},[49,89405,347],{"class":346},[49,89407,89408],{"class":350},"Current number:",[49,89410,347],{"class":346},[49,89412,71],{"class":63},[49,89414,1630],{"class":94},[49,89416,71],{"class":63},[49,89418,357],{"class":346},[49,89420,44987],{"class":350},[49,89422,347],{"class":346},[49,89424,71],{"class":63},[49,89426,44994],{"class":94},[49,89428,272],{"class":63},[20,89430,275],{},[40,89432,89434],{"className":42,"code":89433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89435,89436,89452,89466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89437,89438,89441,89443,89445,89448,89450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89439,89440],{"class":55},"Current number",[49,89442,135],{"class":63},[49,89444,4930],{"class":67},[49,89446,89447],{"class":55}," Total",[49,89449,135],{"class":63},[49,89451,29038],{"class":67},[49,89453,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89455,89440],{"class":55},[49,89457,135],{"class":63},[49,89459,74],{"class":67},[49,89461,89447],{"class":55},[49,89463,135],{"class":63},[49,89465,2008],{"class":67},[49,89467,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,89469,89440],{"class":55},[49,89471,135],{"class":63},[49,89473,79],{"class":67},[49,89475,89447],{"class":55},[49,89477,135],{"class":63},[49,89479,89480],{"class":67}," 6\n",[20,89482,89483,89484,91],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[308,89485,89487],{"href":89486},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[35,89489,2261],{"id":2260},[20,89491,89492,89493,91],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89494,45876],{},[528,89496,89498],{"id":89497},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89500,89501],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[40,89503,89505],{"className":42,"code":89504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89506,89507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89508,89509,89511,89513,89515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89510,105],{"class":104},[49,89512,108],{"class":63},[49,89514,34288],{"class":94},[49,89516,272],{"class":63},[20,89518,8306,89519,89521],{},[15,89520,34288],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89523,956],{},[40,89525,89527],{"className":42,"code":89526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89528,89529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89530,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89532,105],{"class":104},[49,89534,108],{"class":63},[49,89536,347],{"class":346},[49,89538,34288],{"class":350},[49,89540,347],{"class":346},[49,89542,272],{"class":63},[528,89544,1092,89546,89548],{"id":89545},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89547,105],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89550,89551],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[40,89553,89555],{"className":42,"code":89554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89556,89557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89558,89559,89561,89563,89565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89560,105],{"class":104},[49,89562,357],{"class":346},[49,89564,34288],{"class":350},[49,89566,1124],{"class":346},[20,89568,956],{},[40,89570,89571],{"className":42,"code":89526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,89572,89573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89574,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89576,105],{"class":104},[49,89578,108],{"class":63},[49,89580,347],{"class":346},[49,89582,34288],{"class":350},[49,89584,347],{"class":346},[49,89586,272],{"class":63},[528,89588,89590,89591],{"id":89589},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89592,1491],{},[20,89594,89595,89596,91],{},"This causes a ",[15,89597,2437],{},[40,89599,89600],{"className":42,"code":88688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,89601,89602,89610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89603,89604,89606,89608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89605,21050],{"class":55},[49,89607,60],{"class":59},[49,89609,2017],{"class":67},[49,89611,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89613,105],{"class":104},[49,89615,108],{"class":63},[49,89617,347],{"class":346},[49,89619,88709],{"class":350},[49,89621,347],{"class":346},[49,89623,1885],{"class":59},[49,89625,8620],{"class":94},[49,89627,272],{"class":63},[20,89629,89630],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[40,89632,89634],{"className":42,"code":89633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89635,89636],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89637,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89639,105],{"class":104},[49,89641,108],{"class":63},[49,89643,347],{"class":346},[49,89645,88610],{"class":350},[49,89647,347],{"class":346},[49,89649,71],{"class":63},[49,89651,8620],{"class":94},[49,89653,272],{"class":63},[20,89655,89656],{},"Or convert the number first:",[40,89658,89660],{"className":42,"code":89659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89661,89662],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89663,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89665,105],{"class":104},[49,89667,108],{"class":63},[49,89669,347],{"class":346},[49,89671,88709],{"class":350},[49,89673,347],{"class":346},[49,89675,1885],{"class":59},[49,89677,48329],{"class":1174},[49,89679,108],{"class":63},[49,89681,8731],{"class":94},[49,89683,1182],{"class":63},[20,89685,89686,89687,91],{},"If you see this error, read ",[308,89688,89690],{"href":89689},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[528,89692,1011,89694,89696],{"id":89693},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89695,45876],{}," to return a value",[20,89698,89699,89700,34751,89703,135],{},"This does not store ",[15,89701,89702],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89704,420],{},[40,89706,89708],{"className":42,"code":89707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89709,89710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89711,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89713,382],{"class":55},[49,89715,60],{"class":59},[49,89717,89213],{"class":104},[49,89719,108],{"class":63},[49,89721,347],{"class":346},[49,89723,34288],{"class":350},[49,89725,347],{"class":346},[49,89727,272],{"class":63},[20,89729,89730,89731,91],{},"It stores ",[15,89732,323],{},[528,89734,89736,89737,618,89739],{"id":89735},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89738,88750],{},[15,89740,52086],{},[20,89742,85096],{},[137,89744,89745,89754],{},[140,89746,89747,89749,89750,89753],{},[15,89748,88750],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89751,89752],{},"between"," multiple values",[140,89755,89756,89758,89759,89762],{},[15,89757,52086],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89760,89761],{},"after"," the output",[35,89764,89766],{"id":89765},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89768,89769,89770,89772],{},"These simple ",[15,89771,45876],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[40,89774,89776],{"className":42,"code":89775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89777,89778,89798,89813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89779,89780,89782,89784,89786,89789,89791,89793,89796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89781,105],{"class":104},[49,89783,108],{"class":63},[49,89785,347],{"class":346},[49,89787,89788],{"class":350},"Debug:",[49,89790,347],{"class":346},[49,89792,71],{"class":63},[49,89794,89795],{"class":94}," variable_name",[49,89797,272],{"class":63},[49,89799,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89811],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,89801,105],{"class":104},[49,89803,108],{"class":63},[49,89805,1175],{"class":1174},[49,89807,108],{"class":63},[49,89809,89810],{"class":94},"variable_name",[49,89812,1182],{"class":63},[49,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,89816,31575],{"class":104},[49,89818,108],{"class":63},[49,89820,105],{"class":104},[49,89822,272],{"class":63},[20,89824,89825],{},"What they do:",[137,89827,89828,89834,89840],{},[140,89829,89830,89833],{},[15,89831,89832],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[140,89835,89836,89839],{},[15,89837,89838],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[140,89841,89842,89845,89846],{},[15,89843,89844],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89847,45876],{},[35,89849,1253],{"id":1252},[528,89851,1257,89853,89855],{"id":89852},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89854,45876],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89857,89858,89859,89861,89862,36044],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89860,45876],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89863,52086],{},[528,89865,4601,89867,89869],{"id":89866},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89868,45876],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89871,89872,89873,89875],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89874,45876],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[528,89877,4589,89879,4592,89882,1284],{"id":89878},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89880,89881],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89883,323],{},[20,89885,28484,89886,89888],{},[15,89887,45876],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[528,89890,89892],{"id":89891},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89894,89895],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[40,89897,89899],{"className":42,"code":89898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89900,89901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89902,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89904,105],{"class":104},[49,89906,108],{"class":63},[49,89908,347],{"class":346},[49,89910,88610],{"class":350},[49,89912,347],{"class":346},[49,89914,71],{"class":63},[49,89916,5437],{"class":67},[49,89918,272],{"class":63},[20,89920,89921,89922,39353],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,89923,47108],{},[528,89925,1279,89927,618,89929,1284],{"id":89926},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,89928,88750],{},[15,89930,52086],{},[137,89932,89933,89938],{},[140,89934,89935,89937],{},[15,89936,88750],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[140,89939,89940,89942],{},[15,89941,52086],{}," changes what appears after the output",[35,89944,1309],{"id":1308},[137,89946,89947,89951,89957,89963,89968,89973],{},[140,89948,89949],{},[308,89950,50401],{"href":50400},[140,89952,89953],{},[308,89954,3010,89955,2943],{"href":7652},[15,89956,2390],{},[140,89958,89959],{},[308,89960,3010,89961,2943],{"href":41598},[15,89962,47108],{},[140,89964,89965],{},[308,89966,89967],{"href":88976},"How to format strings in Python",[140,89969,89970],{},[308,89971,89972],{"href":89486},"How to debug Python code",[140,89974,89975],{},[308,89976,89690],{"href":89689},[1352,89978,89979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":89981},[89982,89983,89985,89986,89992,89993,89994,89999,90005,90007,90009,90020,90021,90032],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":88154,"depth":85,"text":89984},"What print() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":88390,"depth":85,"text":88391,"children":89987},[89988,89989,89990,89991],{"id":88399,"depth":101,"text":88400},{"id":88440,"depth":101,"text":88441},{"id":88472,"depth":101,"text":88473},{"id":88499,"depth":101,"text":88500},{"id":88541,"depth":85,"text":88542},{"id":88737,"depth":85,"text":88738},{"id":88777,"depth":85,"text":89995,"children":89996},"sep argument",[89997,89998],{"id":88790,"depth":101,"text":88791},{"id":88840,"depth":101,"text":88841},{"id":88980,"depth":85,"text":90000,"children":90001},"end argument",[90002,90003,90004],{"id":88994,"depth":101,"text":88791},{"id":89047,"depth":101,"text":89048},{"id":89103,"depth":101,"text":89104},{"id":89187,"depth":85,"text":90006},"print() returns None",{"id":89324,"depth":85,"text":90008},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":90010},[90011,90012,90014,90016,90018],{"id":89497,"depth":101,"text":89498},{"id":89545,"depth":101,"text":90013},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89589,"depth":101,"text":90015},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89693,"depth":101,"text":90017},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89735,"depth":101,"text":90019},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89765,"depth":85,"text":89766},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":90022},[90023,90025,90027,90029,90030],{"id":89852,"depth":101,"text":90024},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89866,"depth":101,"text":90026},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89878,"depth":101,"text":90028},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89891,"depth":101,"text":89892},{"id":89926,"depth":101,"text":90031},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88037,"description":90033},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90040,"title":90041,"body":90042,"description":92346,"extension":1392,"meta":92347,"navigation":243,"path":92348,"seo":92349,"stem":92350,"__hash__":92351},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90043,"toc":92292},[90044,90049,90054,90067,90069,90134,90145,90150,90155,90157,90180,90183,90214,90216,90233,90238,90244,90249,90298,90301,90318,90324,90329,90352,90354,90382,90388,90396,90423,90425,90450,90456,90459,90490,90492,90521,90525,90528,90533,90555,90557,90585,90591,90597,90623,90625,90649,90655,90661,90691,90693,90721,90731,90735,90741,90774,90776,90805,90808,90811,90844,90846,90854,90860,90862,90885,90890,90899,90904,90918,90920,90960,90962,90992,90996,91031,91037,91041,91085,91087,91117,91123,91126,91205,91207,91229,91237,91240,91303,91311,91386,91392,91399,91404,91409,91432,91434,91455,91457,91470,91472,91519,91521,91560,91569,91571,91575,91579,91582,91609,91612,91641,91644,91668,91671,91679,91685,91707,91709,91737,91741,91746,91801,91806,91808,91865,91872,91881,91884,91916,91918,91926,91929,91935,91937,91960,91963,91969,91972,91991,91993,92012,92015,92037,92039,92067,92071,92075,92180,92182,92195,92197,92203,92206,92214,92219,92225,92231,92236,92244,92250,92257,92259,92289],[10,90045,3010,90047,3014],{"id":90046},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90048,35620],{},[20,90050,31740,90051,90053],{},[15,90052,35620],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90055,90056,90057,90059,90060,90062,90063,90066],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90058,5391],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90061,35620],{}," stops ",[30,90064,90065],{},"before"," the end value.",[35,90068,1434],{"id":1433},[40,90070,90072],{"className":42,"code":90071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90073,90074,90090,90100,90104,90109,90114,90119,90124,90129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90075,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90077,5391],{"class":3306},[49,90079,68832],{"class":55},[49,90081,3313],{"class":3306},[49,90083,53494],{"class":104},[49,90085,108],{"class":63},[49,90087,1569],{"class":67},[49,90089,7773],{"class":63},[49,90091,90092,90094,90096,90098],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90093,7501],{"class":104},[49,90095,108],{"class":63},[49,90097,35577],{"class":94},[49,90099,272],{"class":63},[49,90101,90102],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,90103,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,90105,90106],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,90107,90108],{"class":116},"# Output:\n",[49,90110,90111],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,90112,90113],{"class":116},"# 0\n",[49,90115,90116],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,90117,90118],{"class":116},"# 1\n",[49,90120,90121],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,90122,90123],{"class":116},"# 2\n",[49,90125,90126],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,90127,90128],{"class":116},"# 3\n",[49,90130,90131],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,90132,90133],{"class":116},"# 4\n",[20,90135,90136,90139,90140,90142,90143,91],{},[15,90137,90138],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90141,1552],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90144,1569],{},[35,90146,127,90148,130],{"id":90147},"what-range-does",[15,90149,35620],{},[20,90151,90152,90154],{},[15,90153,35620],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90156,12471],{},[137,90158,90159,90164,90170,90175],{},[140,90160,90161,90163],{},[15,90162,35620],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[140,90165,90166,90167,90169],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90168,5391],{}," loops",[140,90171,90172,90173],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90174,64353],{},[140,90176,16843,90177,90179],{},[15,90178,59281],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90181,90182],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[40,90184,90186],{"className":42,"code":90185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90187,90188,90204],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90189,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90191,5391],{"class":3306},[49,90193,5819],{"class":55},[49,90195,3313],{"class":3306},[49,90197,53494],{"class":104},[49,90199,108],{"class":63},[49,90201,1494],{"class":67},[49,90203,7773],{"class":63},[49,90205,90206,90208,90210,90212],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90207,7501],{"class":104},[49,90209,108],{"class":63},[49,90211,1672],{"class":94},[49,90213,272],{"class":63},[20,90215,275],{},[40,90217,90219],{"className":42,"code":90218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90220,90221,90225,90229],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90222,90223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90224,46676],{"class":67},[49,90226,90227],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90228,46341],{"class":67},[49,90230,90231],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,90232,16479],{"class":67},[20,90234,90235,90236,91],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[308,90237,35451],{"href":35450},[35,90239,90241,90243],{"id":90240},"range-syntax",[15,90242,35620],{}," syntax",[20,90245,90246,90248],{},[15,90247,35620],{}," has three common forms:",[40,90250,90252],{"className":42,"code":90251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90253,90254,90264,90279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90255,90256,90258,90260,90262],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90257,59281],{"class":104},[49,90259,108],{"class":63},[49,90261,74710],{"class":94},[49,90263,272],{"class":63},[49,90265,90266,90268,90270,90272,90274,90277],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90267,59281],{"class":104},[49,90269,108],{"class":63},[49,90271,35495],{"class":94},[49,90273,71],{"class":63},[49,90275,90276],{"class":94}," stop",[49,90278,272],{"class":63},[49,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291,90293,90296],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,90282,59281],{"class":104},[49,90284,108],{"class":63},[49,90286,35495],{"class":94},[49,90288,71],{"class":63},[49,90290,90276],{"class":94},[49,90292,71],{"class":63},[49,90294,90295],{"class":94}," step",[49,90297,272],{"class":63},[20,90299,90300],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[137,90302,90303,90308,90313],{},[140,90304,90305,90307],{},[15,90306,35495],{}," = first number",[140,90309,90310,90312],{},[15,90311,74710],{}," = end limit, not included",[140,90314,90315,90317],{},[15,90316,74713],{}," = amount to move each time",[528,90319,90321],{"id":90320},"rangestop",[15,90322,90323],{},"range(stop)",[20,90325,90326,90327,91],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90328,1552],{},[40,90330,90332],{"className":42,"code":90331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90333,90334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90335,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90337,105],{"class":104},[49,90339,108],{"class":63},[49,90341,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90343,108],{"class":63},[49,90345,59281],{"class":104},[49,90347,108],{"class":63},[49,90349,1569],{"class":67},[49,90351,2344],{"class":63},[20,90353,275],{},[40,90355,90356],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90357,90358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90359,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378,90380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90361,938],{"class":63},[49,90363,1552],{"class":67},[49,90365,71],{"class":63},[49,90367,4930],{"class":67},[49,90369,71],{"class":63},[49,90371,74],{"class":67},[49,90373,71],{"class":63},[49,90375,79],{"class":67},[49,90377,71],{"class":63},[49,90379,1888],{"class":67},[49,90381,82],{"class":63},[528,90383,90385],{"id":90384},"rangestart-stop",[15,90386,90387],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90389,90390,90391,90393,90394,91],{},"This starts at ",[15,90392,35495],{}," and stops before ",[15,90395,74710],{},[40,90397,90399],{"className":42,"code":90398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90400,90401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90402,90403,90405,90407,90409,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90404,105],{"class":104},[49,90406,108],{"class":63},[49,90408,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90410,108],{"class":63},[49,90412,59281],{"class":104},[49,90414,108],{"class":63},[49,90416,1488],{"class":67},[49,90418,71],{"class":63},[49,90420,37067],{"class":67},[49,90422,2344],{"class":63},[20,90424,275],{},[40,90426,90428],{"className":42,"code":90427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90429,90430],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90431,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444,90446,90448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90433,938],{"class":63},[49,90435,1488],{"class":67},[49,90437,71],{"class":63},[49,90439,79],{"class":67},[49,90441,71],{"class":63},[49,90443,1888],{"class":67},[49,90445,71],{"class":63},[49,90447,4036],{"class":67},[49,90449,82],{"class":63},[528,90451,90453],{"id":90452},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90454,90455],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90457,90458],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[40,90460,90462],{"className":42,"code":90461,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90463,90464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90465,90466,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90467,105],{"class":104},[49,90469,108],{"class":63},[49,90471,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90473,108],{"class":63},[49,90475,59281],{"class":104},[49,90477,108],{"class":63},[49,90479,68],{"class":67},[49,90481,71],{"class":63},[49,90483,5437],{"class":67},[49,90485,71],{"class":63},[49,90487,74],{"class":67},[49,90489,2344],{"class":63},[20,90491,275],{},[40,90493,90495],{"className":42,"code":90494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90496,90497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90498,90499,90501,90503,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90500,938],{"class":63},[49,90502,68],{"class":67},[49,90504,71],{"class":63},[49,90506,79],{"class":67},[49,90508,71],{"class":63},[49,90510,4036],{"class":67},[49,90512,71],{"class":63},[49,90514,5426],{"class":67},[49,90516,71],{"class":63},[49,90518,53560],{"class":67},[49,90520,82],{"class":63},[35,90522,90524],{"id":90523},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90526,90527],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[528,90529,90531],{"id":90530},"range5",[15,90532,90138],{},[40,90534,90535],{"className":42,"code":90331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90536,90537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90538,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90540,105],{"class":104},[49,90542,108],{"class":63},[49,90544,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90546,108],{"class":63},[49,90548,59281],{"class":104},[49,90550,108],{"class":63},[49,90552,1569],{"class":67},[49,90554,2344],{"class":63},[20,90556,275],{},[40,90558,90559],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90560,90561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90562,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577,90579,90581,90583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90564,938],{"class":63},[49,90566,1552],{"class":67},[49,90568,71],{"class":63},[49,90570,4930],{"class":67},[49,90572,71],{"class":63},[49,90574,74],{"class":67},[49,90576,71],{"class":63},[49,90578,79],{"class":67},[49,90580,71],{"class":63},[49,90582,1888],{"class":67},[49,90584,82],{"class":63},[20,90586,90390,90587,90393,90589,91],{},[15,90588,1552],{},[15,90590,1569],{},[528,90592,90594],{"id":90593},"range2-6",[15,90595,90596],{},"range(2, 6)",[40,90598,90599],{"className":42,"code":90398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90600,90601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90602,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90604,105],{"class":104},[49,90606,108],{"class":63},[49,90608,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90610,108],{"class":63},[49,90612,59281],{"class":104},[49,90614,108],{"class":63},[49,90616,1488],{"class":67},[49,90618,71],{"class":63},[49,90620,37067],{"class":67},[49,90622,2344],{"class":63},[20,90624,275],{},[40,90626,90627],{"className":42,"code":90427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90628,90629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90630,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643,90645,90647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90632,938],{"class":63},[49,90634,1488],{"class":67},[49,90636,71],{"class":63},[49,90638,79],{"class":67},[49,90640,71],{"class":63},[49,90642,1888],{"class":67},[49,90644,71],{"class":63},[49,90646,4036],{"class":67},[49,90648,82],{"class":63},[20,90650,90390,90651,90393,90653,91],{},[15,90652,1488],{},[15,90654,79878],{},[528,90656,90658],{"id":90657},"range1-10-2",[15,90659,90660],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[40,90662,90663],{"className":42,"code":90461,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90664,90665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90666,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681,90683,90685,90687,90689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90668,105],{"class":104},[49,90670,108],{"class":63},[49,90672,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90674,108],{"class":63},[49,90676,59281],{"class":104},[49,90678,108],{"class":63},[49,90680,68],{"class":67},[49,90682,71],{"class":63},[49,90684,5437],{"class":67},[49,90686,71],{"class":63},[49,90688,74],{"class":67},[49,90690,2344],{"class":63},[20,90692,275],{},[40,90694,90695],{"className":42,"code":90494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90696,90697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90698,90699,90701,90703,90705,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90700,938],{"class":63},[49,90702,68],{"class":67},[49,90704,71],{"class":63},[49,90706,79],{"class":67},[49,90708,71],{"class":63},[49,90710,4036],{"class":67},[49,90712,71],{"class":63},[49,90714,5426],{"class":67},[49,90716,71],{"class":63},[49,90718,53560],{"class":67},[49,90720,82],{"class":63},[20,90722,90723,90724,90726,90727,60584,90729,91],{},"This moves by ",[15,90725,1488],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90728,68],{},[15,90730,1577],{},[528,90732,90734],{"id":90733},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90736,90737,90738,90740],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90739,35620],{}," count backward.",[40,90742,90744],{"className":42,"code":90743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90745,90746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90747,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768,90770,90772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90749,105],{"class":104},[49,90751,108],{"class":63},[49,90753,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90755,108],{"class":63},[49,90757,59281],{"class":104},[49,90759,108],{"class":63},[49,90761,1569],{"class":67},[49,90763,71],{"class":63},[49,90765,3263],{"class":67},[49,90767,71],{"class":63},[49,90769,1655],{"class":59},[49,90771,68],{"class":67},[49,90773,2344],{"class":63},[20,90775,275],{},[40,90777,90779],{"className":42,"code":90778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90780,90781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90782,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90784,938],{"class":63},[49,90786,1569],{"class":67},[49,90788,71],{"class":63},[49,90790,1888],{"class":67},[49,90792,71],{"class":63},[49,90794,79],{"class":67},[49,90796,71],{"class":63},[49,90798,74],{"class":67},[49,90800,71],{"class":63},[49,90802,4930],{"class":67},[49,90804,82],{"class":63},[20,90806,90807],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90809,90810],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[40,90812,90814],{"className":42,"code":90813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90815,90816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90817,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90819,105],{"class":104},[49,90821,108],{"class":63},[49,90823,7526],{"class":1174},[49,90825,108],{"class":63},[49,90827,59281],{"class":104},[49,90829,108],{"class":63},[49,90831,68],{"class":67},[49,90833,71],{"class":63},[49,90835,4036],{"class":67},[49,90837,71],{"class":63},[49,90839,1655],{"class":59},[49,90841,68],{"class":67},[49,90843,2344],{"class":63},[20,90845,275],{},[40,90847,90848],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90849,90850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90851,90852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90853,278],{"class":63},[528,90855,90856,75873,90858],{"id":76097},[15,90857,74713],{},[15,90859,1552],{},[20,90861,2268],{},[40,90863,90865],{"className":42,"code":90864,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90866,90867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90870,59281],{"class":104},[49,90872,108],{"class":63},[49,90874,68],{"class":67},[49,90876,71],{"class":63},[49,90878,4036],{"class":67},[49,90880,71],{"class":63},[49,90882,3263],{"class":67},[49,90884,272],{"class":63},[20,90886,76142,90887,90889],{},[15,90888,40128],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[35,90891,1092,90893,90895,90896,90898],{"id":90892},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90894,35620],{}," in a ",[15,90897,5391],{}," loop",[20,90900,90901,90903],{},[15,90902,35620],{}," is most useful when:",[137,90905,90906,90909,90912],{},[140,90907,90908],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[140,90910,90911],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[140,90913,90914,90915],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,90916,90917],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,90919,761],{},[40,90921,90923],{"className":42,"code":90922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,90924,90925,90941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90928,5391],{"class":3306},[49,90930,68832],{"class":55},[49,90932,3313],{"class":3306},[49,90934,53494],{"class":104},[49,90936,108],{"class":63},[49,90938,1494],{"class":67},[49,90940,7773],{"class":63},[49,90942,90943,90945,90947,90949,90952,90954,90956,90958],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90944,7501],{"class":104},[49,90946,108],{"class":63},[49,90948,347],{"class":346},[49,90950,90951],{"class":350},"Loop number:",[49,90953,347],{"class":346},[49,90955,71],{"class":63},[49,90957,35552],{"class":94},[49,90959,272],{"class":63},[20,90961,275],{},[40,90963,90965],{"className":42,"code":90964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,90966,90967,90976,90984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90968,90969,90972,90974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90970,90971],{"class":55},"Loop number",[49,90973,135],{"class":63},[49,90975,37936],{"class":67},[49,90977,90978,90980,90982],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,90979,90971],{"class":55},[49,90981,135],{"class":63},[49,90983,29038],{"class":67},[49,90985,90986,90988,90990],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,90987,90971],{"class":55},[49,90989,135],{"class":63},[49,90991,45013],{"class":67},[528,90993,90995],{"id":90994},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[40,90997,90999],{"className":42,"code":90998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91000,91001,91017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91002,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91004,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91006,68832],{"class":55},[49,91008,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91010,53494],{"class":104},[49,91012,108],{"class":63},[49,91014,1569],{"class":67},[49,91016,7773],{"class":63},[49,91018,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91020,7501],{"class":104},[49,91022,108],{"class":63},[49,91024,347],{"class":346},[49,91026,34288],{"class":350},[49,91028,347],{"class":346},[49,91030,272],{"class":63},[20,91032,91033,91034,91036],{},"This prints ",[15,91035,89702],{}," five times.",[528,91038,91040],{"id":91039},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[40,91042,91044],{"className":42,"code":91043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91045,91046,91066],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91047,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91049,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91051,68832],{"class":55},[49,91053,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91055,53494],{"class":104},[49,91057,108],{"class":63},[49,91059,68],{"class":67},[49,91061,71],{"class":63},[49,91063,1888],{"class":67},[49,91065,7773],{"class":63},[49,91067,91068,91070,91072,91074,91077,91079,91081,91083],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91069,7501],{"class":104},[49,91071,108],{"class":63},[49,91073,347],{"class":346},[49,91075,91076],{"class":350},"Current number is",[49,91078,347],{"class":346},[49,91080,71],{"class":63},[49,91082,35552],{"class":94},[49,91084,272],{"class":63},[20,91086,275],{},[40,91088,91090],{"className":42,"code":91089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91091,91092,91101,91109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91093,91094,91097,91099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91095,91096],{"class":55},"Current number ",[49,91098,11617],{"class":59},[49,91100,29038],{"class":67},[49,91102,91103,91105,91107],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91104,91096],{"class":55},[49,91106,11617],{"class":59},[49,91108,45013],{"class":67},[49,91110,91111,91113,91115],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91112,91096],{"class":55},[49,91114,11617],{"class":59},[49,91116,2008],{"class":67},[528,91118,91120,91122],{"id":91119},"range-and-indexing",[15,91121,35620],{}," and indexing",[20,91124,91125],{},"You may see code like this:",[40,91127,91129],{"className":42,"code":91128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91130,91131,91163,91167,91187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91132,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91134,56],{"class":55},[49,91136,60],{"class":59},[49,91138,64],{"class":63},[49,91140,347],{"class":346},[49,91142,308],{"class":350},[49,91144,347],{"class":346},[49,91146,71],{"class":63},[49,91148,357],{"class":346},[49,91150,360],{"class":350},[49,91152,347],{"class":346},[49,91154,71],{"class":63},[49,91156,357],{"class":346},[49,91158,369],{"class":350},[49,91160,347],{"class":346},[49,91162,82],{"class":63},[49,91164,91165],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91166,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91168,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91170,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91172,68832],{"class":55},[49,91174,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91176,53494],{"class":104},[49,91178,108],{"class":63},[49,91180,10592],{"class":104},[49,91182,108],{"class":63},[49,91184,88],{"class":94},[49,91186,68847],{"class":63},[49,91188,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91190,7501],{"class":104},[49,91192,108],{"class":63},[49,91194,35577],{"class":94},[49,91196,71],{"class":63},[49,91198,387],{"class":94},[49,91200,938],{"class":63},[49,91202,35577],{"class":94},[49,91204,3319],{"class":63},[20,91206,275],{},[40,91208,91209],{"className":42,"code":35589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91210,91211,91217,91223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91212,91213,91215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91214,1552],{"class":67},[49,91216,569],{"class":55},[49,91218,91219,91221],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91220,68],{"class":67},[49,91222,35604],{"class":55},[49,91224,91225,91227],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91226,1488],{"class":67},[49,91228,35611],{"class":55},[20,91230,91231,91232,91236],{},"This works, and it uses ",[308,91233,91234],{"href":41781},[15,91235,41784],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91238,91239],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[40,91241,91243],{"className":42,"code":91242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91244,91245,91277,91281,91293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91246,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91248,56],{"class":55},[49,91250,60],{"class":59},[49,91252,64],{"class":63},[49,91254,347],{"class":346},[49,91256,308],{"class":350},[49,91258,347],{"class":346},[49,91260,71],{"class":63},[49,91262,357],{"class":346},[49,91264,360],{"class":350},[49,91266,347],{"class":346},[49,91268,71],{"class":63},[49,91270,357],{"class":346},[49,91272,369],{"class":350},[49,91274,347],{"class":346},[49,91276,82],{"class":63},[49,91278,91279],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91280,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91282,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91284,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91286,5394],{"class":55},[49,91288,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91290,387],{"class":55},[49,91292,5826],{"class":63},[49,91294,91295,91297,91299,91301],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91296,7501],{"class":104},[49,91298,108],{"class":63},[49,91300,22733],{"class":94},[49,91302,272],{"class":63},[20,91304,36015,91305,91310],{},[308,91306,91308],{"href":91307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91309,35171],{}," is usually a better choice:",[40,91312,91314],{"className":42,"code":91313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91315,91316,91348,91352,91372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91319,56],{"class":55},[49,91321,60],{"class":59},[49,91323,64],{"class":63},[49,91325,347],{"class":346},[49,91327,308],{"class":350},[49,91329,347],{"class":346},[49,91331,71],{"class":63},[49,91333,357],{"class":346},[49,91335,360],{"class":350},[49,91337,347],{"class":346},[49,91339,71],{"class":63},[49,91341,357],{"class":346},[49,91343,369],{"class":350},[49,91345,347],{"class":346},[49,91347,82],{"class":63},[49,91349,91350],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91351,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91353,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91355,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91357,35243],{"class":55},[49,91359,71],{"class":63},[49,91361,5394],{"class":55},[49,91363,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91365,35253],{"class":104},[49,91367,108],{"class":63},[49,91369,88],{"class":94},[49,91371,7773],{"class":63},[49,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91375,7501],{"class":104},[49,91377,108],{"class":63},[49,91379,35268],{"class":94},[49,91381,71],{"class":63},[49,91383,28930],{"class":94},[49,91385,272],{"class":63},[20,91387,78402,91388,91],{},[308,91389,36028,91390,36031],{"href":36027},[15,91391,35171],{},[35,91393,91395,91396,91398],{"id":91394},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91397,35620],{}," to a list",[20,91400,91401,91403],{},[15,91402,35620],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91405,91406,91407,135],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91408,24203],{},[40,91410,91412],{"className":42,"code":91411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91413,91414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91415,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91417,105],{"class":104},[49,91419,108],{"class":63},[49,91421,7526],{"class":1174},[49,91423,108],{"class":63},[49,91425,59281],{"class":104},[49,91427,108],{"class":63},[49,91429,1494],{"class":67},[49,91431,2344],{"class":63},[20,91433,275],{},[40,91435,91437],{"className":42,"code":91436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91438,91439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91440,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91442,938],{"class":63},[49,91444,1552],{"class":67},[49,91446,71],{"class":63},[49,91448,4930],{"class":67},[49,91450,71],{"class":63},[49,91452,74],{"class":67},[49,91454,82],{"class":63},[20,91456,32735],{},[137,91458,91459,91464,91467],{},[140,91460,91461,91462,41509],{},"learning how ",[15,91463,35620],{},[140,91465,91466],{},"checking your values",[140,91468,91469],{},"debugging code",[20,91471,4904],{},[40,91473,91475],{"className":42,"code":91474,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91476,91477,91491,91495,91505],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91478,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91480,214],{"class":55},[49,91482,60],{"class":59},[49,91484,53494],{"class":104},[49,91486,108],{"class":63},[49,91488,1936],{"class":67},[49,91490,272],{"class":63},[49,91492,91493],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91494,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91498,105],{"class":104},[49,91500,108],{"class":63},[49,91502,249],{"class":94},[49,91504,272],{"class":63},[49,91506,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91508,105],{"class":104},[49,91510,108],{"class":63},[49,91512,7526],{"class":1174},[49,91514,108],{"class":63},[49,91516,249],{"class":94},[49,91518,1182],{"class":63},[20,91520,275],{},[40,91522,91524],{"className":42,"code":91523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91525,91526,91540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91527,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91529,59281],{"class":104},[49,91531,108],{"class":63},[49,91533,1552],{"class":67},[49,91535,71],{"class":63},[49,91537,1888],{"class":67},[49,91539,272],{"class":63},[49,91541,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91543,938],{"class":63},[49,91545,1552],{"class":67},[49,91547,71],{"class":63},[49,91549,4930],{"class":67},[49,91551,71],{"class":63},[49,91553,74],{"class":67},[49,91555,71],{"class":63},[49,91557,79],{"class":67},[49,91559,82],{"class":63},[20,91561,91562,91563,10018,91565,91568],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91564,59281],{},[15,91566,91567],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[35,91570,863],{"id":862},[20,91572,32964,91573,91],{},[15,91574,35620],{},[528,91576,91578],{"id":91577},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91580,91581],{},"Many beginners think this:",[40,91583,91585],{"className":42,"code":91584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91586,91587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91590,105],{"class":104},[49,91592,108],{"class":63},[49,91594,7526],{"class":1174},[49,91596,108],{"class":63},[49,91598,59281],{"class":104},[49,91600,108],{"class":63},[49,91602,68],{"class":67},[49,91604,71],{"class":63},[49,91606,4036],{"class":67},[49,91608,2344],{"class":63},[20,91610,91611],{},"will produce:",[40,91613,91615],{"className":42,"code":91614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91616,91617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91618,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91620,938],{"class":63},[49,91622,68],{"class":67},[49,91624,71],{"class":63},[49,91626,74],{"class":67},[49,91628,71],{"class":63},[49,91630,79],{"class":67},[49,91632,71],{"class":63},[49,91634,1888],{"class":67},[49,91636,71],{"class":63},[49,91638,4036],{"class":67},[49,91640,82],{"class":63},[20,91642,91643],{},"But the real output is:",[40,91645,91646],{"className":42,"code":52929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91647,91648],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91649,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91651,938],{"class":63},[49,91653,68],{"class":67},[49,91655,71],{"class":63},[49,91657,74],{"class":67},[49,91659,71],{"class":63},[49,91661,79],{"class":67},[49,91663,71],{"class":63},[49,91665,1888],{"class":67},[49,91667,82],{"class":63},[20,91669,91670],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[528,91672,4010,91674,91676,91677],{"id":91673},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91675,90138],{}," starts at ",[15,91678,68],{},[20,91680,36891,91681,18386,91683,91],{},[15,91682,1552],{},[15,91684,68],{},[40,91686,91687],{"className":42,"code":90331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91688,91689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91690,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91692,105],{"class":104},[49,91694,108],{"class":63},[49,91696,7526],{"class":1174},[49,91698,108],{"class":63},[49,91700,59281],{"class":104},[49,91702,108],{"class":63},[49,91704,1569],{"class":67},[49,91706,2344],{"class":63},[20,91708,275],{},[40,91710,91711],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91712,91713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91714,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91716,938],{"class":63},[49,91718,1552],{"class":67},[49,91720,71],{"class":63},[49,91722,4930],{"class":67},[49,91724,71],{"class":63},[49,91726,74],{"class":67},[49,91728,71],{"class":63},[49,91730,79],{"class":67},[49,91732,71],{"class":63},[49,91734,1888],{"class":67},[49,91736,82],{"class":63},[528,91738,91740],{"id":91739},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91742,91743,91744,135],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91745,2390],{},[40,91747,91749],{"className":42,"code":91748,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91750,91751,91770,91774,91791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91752,91753,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764,91766,91768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91754,91755],{"class":55},"user_number ",[49,91757,60],{"class":59},[49,91759,7675],{"class":104},[49,91761,108],{"class":63},[49,91763,347],{"class":346},[49,91765,41295],{"class":350},[49,91767,347],{"class":346},[49,91769,272],{"class":63},[49,91771,91772],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91773,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91789],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91777,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91779,68832],{"class":55},[49,91781,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91783,53494],{"class":104},[49,91785,108],{"class":63},[49,91787,91788],{"class":94},"user_number",[49,91790,7773],{"class":63},[49,91792,91793,91795,91797,91799],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91794,7501],{"class":104},[49,91796,108],{"class":63},[49,91798,35577],{"class":94},[49,91800,272],{"class":63},[20,91802,47935,91803,91805],{},[15,91804,2390],{}," returns a string.",[20,91807,956],{},[40,91809,91811],{"className":42,"code":91810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91812,91813,91835,91839,91855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91814,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91816,91755],{"class":55},[49,91818,60],{"class":59},[49,91820,44700],{"class":1174},[49,91822,108],{"class":63},[49,91824,41886],{"class":104},[49,91826,108],{"class":63},[49,91828,347],{"class":346},[49,91830,41295],{"class":350},[49,91832,347],{"class":346},[49,91834,1182],{"class":63},[49,91836,91837],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,91838,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,91840,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,91842,5391],{"class":3306},[49,91844,68832],{"class":55},[49,91846,3313],{"class":3306},[49,91848,53494],{"class":104},[49,91850,108],{"class":63},[49,91852,91788],{"class":94},[49,91854,7773],{"class":63},[49,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,91858,7501],{"class":104},[49,91860,108],{"class":63},[49,91862,35577],{"class":94},[49,91864,272],{"class":63},[20,91866,91867,91868,91],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[308,91869,49949,91870],{"href":49948},[15,91871,49952],{},[528,91873,91875,91876,91878,91879],{"id":91874},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91877,35495],{}," smaller than ",[15,91880,74710],{},[20,91882,91883],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[40,91885,91886],{"className":42,"code":90813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91887,91888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91889,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91891,105],{"class":104},[49,91893,108],{"class":63},[49,91895,7526],{"class":1174},[49,91897,108],{"class":63},[49,91899,59281],{"class":104},[49,91901,108],{"class":63},[49,91903,68],{"class":67},[49,91905,71],{"class":63},[49,91907,4036],{"class":67},[49,91909,71],{"class":63},[49,91911,1655],{"class":59},[49,91913,68],{"class":67},[49,91915,2344],{"class":63},[20,91917,275],{},[40,91919,91920],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91921,91922],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91923,91924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91925,278],{"class":63},[20,91927,91928],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[528,91930,25039,91932],{"id":91931},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,91933,91934],{},"step = 0",[20,91936,76853],{},[40,91938,91940],{"className":42,"code":91939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,91941,91942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91943,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91945,59281],{"class":104},[49,91947,108],{"class":63},[49,91949,68],{"class":67},[49,91951,71],{"class":63},[49,91953,5437],{"class":67},[49,91955,71],{"class":63},[49,91957,3263],{"class":67},[49,91959,272],{"class":63},[20,91961,91962],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[528,91964,4135,91966,91968],{"id":91965},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,91967,35620],{}," is not a list",[20,91970,91971],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[40,91973,91975],{"className":42,"code":91974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\n",[15,91976,91977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91978,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91980,105],{"class":104},[49,91982,108],{"class":63},[49,91984,59281],{"class":104},[49,91986,108],{"class":63},[49,91988,1569],{"class":67},[49,91990,1182],{"class":63},[20,91992,275],{},[40,91994,91996],{"className":42,"code":91995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,91997,91998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91999,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92001,59281],{"class":104},[49,92003,108],{"class":63},[49,92005,1552],{"class":67},[49,92007,71],{"class":63},[49,92009,4036],{"class":67},[49,92011,272],{"class":63},[20,92013,92014],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[40,92016,92017],{"className":42,"code":90331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92018,92019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92022,105],{"class":104},[49,92024,108],{"class":63},[49,92026,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92028,108],{"class":63},[49,92030,59281],{"class":104},[49,92032,108],{"class":63},[49,92034,1569],{"class":67},[49,92036,2344],{"class":63},[20,92038,275],{},[40,92040,92041],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92042,92043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92044,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92046,938],{"class":63},[49,92048,1552],{"class":67},[49,92050,71],{"class":63},[49,92052,4930],{"class":67},[49,92054,71],{"class":63},[49,92056,74],{"class":67},[49,92058,71],{"class":63},[49,92060,79],{"class":67},[49,92062,71],{"class":63},[49,92064,1888],{"class":67},[49,92066,82],{"class":63},[35,92068,92070],{"id":92069},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92072,8306,92073,81624],{},[15,92074,35620],{},[40,92076,92078],{"className":42,"code":92077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92079,92080,92094,92112,92134,92162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92083,105],{"class":104},[49,92085,108],{"class":63},[49,92087,59281],{"class":104},[49,92089,108],{"class":63},[49,92091,1569],{"class":67},[49,92093,1182],{"class":63},[49,92095,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92097,105],{"class":104},[49,92099,108],{"class":63},[49,92101,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92103,108],{"class":63},[49,92105,59281],{"class":104},[49,92107,108],{"class":63},[49,92109,1569],{"class":67},[49,92111,2344],{"class":63},[49,92113,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92115,105],{"class":104},[49,92117,108],{"class":63},[49,92119,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92121,108],{"class":63},[49,92123,59281],{"class":104},[49,92125,108],{"class":63},[49,92127,1488],{"class":67},[49,92129,71],{"class":63},[49,92131,5792],{"class":67},[49,92133,2344],{"class":63},[49,92135,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,92137,105],{"class":104},[49,92139,108],{"class":63},[49,92141,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92143,108],{"class":63},[49,92145,59281],{"class":104},[49,92147,108],{"class":63},[49,92149,221],{"class":67},[49,92151,71],{"class":63},[49,92153,3263],{"class":67},[49,92155,71],{"class":63},[49,92157,1655],{"class":59},[49,92159,1488],{"class":67},[49,92161,2344],{"class":63},[49,92163,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,92165,105],{"class":104},[49,92167,108],{"class":63},[49,92169,1175],{"class":1174},[49,92171,108],{"class":63},[49,92173,59281],{"class":104},[49,92175,108],{"class":63},[49,92177,1569],{"class":67},[49,92179,2344],{"class":63},[20,92181,25431],{},[137,92183,92184,92187,92190],{},[140,92185,92186],{},"what values are being created",[140,92188,92189],{},"whether the direction is correct",[140,92191,92192,92193,24040],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92194,59281],{},[35,92196,1253],{"id":1252},[528,92198,1257,92200,92202],{"id":92199},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92201,35620],{}," include the last number?",[20,92204,92205],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[528,92207,4589,92209,92211,92212,1284],{"id":92208},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92210,90138],{}," start at ",[15,92213,1552],{},[20,92215,92216,92217,91],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92218,1552],{},[528,92220,4601,92222,92224],{"id":92221},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92223,35620],{}," count backward?",[20,92226,92227,92228,91],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92229,92230],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[528,92232,14324,92234,25466],{"id":92233},"is-range-a-list",[15,92235,35620],{},[20,92237,25469,92238,92240,92241,23361],{},[15,92239,59281],{}," object. Use ",[15,92242,92243],{},"list(range(...))",[528,92245,4589,92247,48109],{"id":92246},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92248,92249],{},"range(input())",[20,92251,92252,2918,92254,91],{},[15,92253,2390],{},[15,92255,92256],{},"int(input())",[35,92258,1309],{"id":1308},[137,92260,92261,92265,92271,92277,92283],{},[140,92262,92263],{},[308,92264,35451],{"href":35450},[140,92266,92267],{},[308,92268,3010,92269,2943],{"href":41781},[15,92270,41784],{},[140,92272,92273],{},[308,92274,3010,92275,2943],{"href":91307},[15,92276,35171],{},[140,92278,92279],{},[308,92280,36942,92281,36031],{"href":36027},[15,92282,35171],{},[140,92284,92285],{},[308,92286,49949,92287],{"href":49948},[15,92288,49952],{},[1352,92290,92291],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":92293},[92294,92295,92297,92303,92311,92318,92320,92332,92333,92345],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":90147,"depth":85,"text":92296},"What range() does",{"id":90240,"depth":85,"text":92298,"children":92299},"range() syntax",[92300,92301,92302],{"id":90320,"depth":101,"text":90323},{"id":90384,"depth":101,"text":90387},{"id":90452,"depth":101,"text":90455},{"id":90523,"depth":85,"text":90524,"children":92304},[92305,92306,92307,92308,92309],{"id":90530,"depth":101,"text":90138},{"id":90593,"depth":101,"text":90596},{"id":90657,"depth":101,"text":90660},{"id":90733,"depth":101,"text":90734},{"id":76097,"depth":101,"text":92310},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90892,"depth":85,"text":92312,"children":92313},"Using range() in a for loop",[92314,92315,92316],{"id":90994,"depth":101,"text":90995},{"id":91039,"depth":101,"text":91040},{"id":91119,"depth":101,"text":92317},"range() and indexing",{"id":91394,"depth":85,"text":92319},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":92321},[92322,92323,92325,92326,92328,92330],{"id":91577,"depth":101,"text":91578},{"id":91673,"depth":101,"text":92324},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91739,"depth":101,"text":91740},{"id":91874,"depth":101,"text":92327},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":91931,"depth":101,"text":92329},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":91965,"depth":101,"text":92331},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92069,"depth":85,"text":92070},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":92334},[92335,92337,92339,92341,92343],{"id":92199,"depth":101,"text":92336},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92208,"depth":101,"text":92338},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92221,"depth":101,"text":92340},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92233,"depth":101,"text":92342},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92246,"depth":101,"text":92344},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90041,"description":92346},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92353,"title":92354,"body":92355,"description":94028,"extension":1392,"meta":94029,"navigation":243,"path":94030,"seo":94031,"stem":94032,"__hash__":94033},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92356,"toc":94001},[92357,92366,92373,92390,92406,92408,92457,92465,92469,92472,92492,92494,92558,92560,92603,92606,92652,92654,92687,92697,92703,92711,92728,92730,92761,92763,92788,92793,92804,92807,92877,92879,92910,92915,92920,92937,92939,92990,92992,93025,93028,93035,93040,93044,93060,93062,93106,93108,93154,93157,93170,93175,93179,93193,93195,93246,93248,93281,93286,93288,93295,93297,93320,93322,93387,93389,93406,93409,93442,93444,93472,93482,93489,93493,93496,93514,93517,93545,93548,93566,93571,93577,93580,93602,93604,93632,93634,93637,93662,93665,93778,93780,93859,93861,93867,93872,93880,93888,93892,93895,93897,93930,93932,93940,93946,93953,93960,93963,93965,93998],[10,92358,3010,92360,10018,92362,92365],{"id":92359},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92361,35620],{},[15,92363,92364],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92367,92368,618,92370,92372],{},[15,92369,35620],{},[15,92371,92364],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[137,92374,92375,92383],{},[140,92376,92377,92379,92380],{},[15,92378,35620],{}," creates a ",[30,92381,92382],{},"range object",[140,92384,92385,92379,92387],{},[15,92386,92364],{},[30,92388,92389],{},"real list",[20,92391,92392,92393,92395,92396,92399,92400,92402,92403,92405],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92394,90138],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92397,92398],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92401,35620],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92404,92364],{}," when you actually need a list.",[35,92407,38],{"id":37},[40,92409,92411],{"className":42,"code":92410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92412,92413,92427,92440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92414,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92416,214],{"class":55},[49,92418,60],{"class":59},[49,92420,53494],{"class":104},[49,92422,108],{"class":63},[49,92424,1569],{"class":67},[49,92426,272],{"class":63},[49,92428,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92430,105],{"class":104},[49,92432,108],{"class":63},[49,92434,249],{"class":94},[49,92436,113],{"class":63},[49,92438,92439],{"class":116},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[49,92441,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92443,105],{"class":104},[49,92445,108],{"class":63},[49,92447,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92449,108],{"class":63},[49,92451,249],{"class":94},[49,92453,4793],{"class":63},[49,92455,92456],{"class":116},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92458,120,92459,92461,92462,92464],{},[15,92460,35620],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92463,92364],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[35,92466,92468],{"id":92467},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92470,92471],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[137,92473,92474,92481,92486,92489],{},[140,92475,92476,21397,92478,92480],{},[15,92477,35620],{},[30,92479,92382],{},", not a list",[140,92482,92483,92485],{},[15,92484,92364],{}," converts that range object into a list",[140,92487,92488],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[140,92490,92491],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92493,761],{},[40,92495,92497],{"className":42,"code":92496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92498,92499,92514,92533,92537,92547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92500,92501,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92502,92503],{"class":55},"r ",[49,92505,60],{"class":59},[49,92507,53494],{"class":104},[49,92509,108],{"class":63},[49,92511,1569],{"class":67},[49,92513,272],{"class":63},[49,92515,92516,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92517,92518],{"class":55},"lst ",[49,92520,60],{"class":59},[49,92522,21982],{"class":1174},[49,92524,108],{"class":63},[49,92526,59281],{"class":104},[49,92528,108],{"class":63},[49,92530,1569],{"class":67},[49,92532,1182],{"class":63},[49,92534,92535],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92536,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,92538,92539,92541,92543,92545],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,92540,105],{"class":104},[49,92542,108],{"class":63},[49,92544,59788],{"class":94},[49,92546,272],{"class":63},[49,92548,92549,92551,92553,92556],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,92550,105],{"class":104},[49,92552,108],{"class":63},[49,92554,92555],{"class":94},"lst",[49,92557,272],{"class":63},[20,92559,275],{},[40,92561,92563],{"className":42,"code":92562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92564,92565,92579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92566,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92568,59281],{"class":104},[49,92570,108],{"class":63},[49,92572,1552],{"class":67},[49,92574,71],{"class":63},[49,92576,4036],{"class":67},[49,92578,272],{"class":63},[49,92580,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92582,938],{"class":63},[49,92584,1552],{"class":67},[49,92586,71],{"class":63},[49,92588,4930],{"class":67},[49,92590,71],{"class":63},[49,92592,74],{"class":67},[49,92594,71],{"class":63},[49,92596,79],{"class":67},[49,92598,71],{"class":63},[49,92600,1888],{"class":67},[49,92602,82],{"class":63},[20,92604,92605],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[40,92607,92609],{"className":42,"code":92608,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92610,92611,92629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92612,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92614,105],{"class":104},[49,92616,108],{"class":63},[49,92618,1175],{"class":1174},[49,92620,108],{"class":63},[49,92622,59281],{"class":104},[49,92624,108],{"class":63},[49,92626,1569],{"class":67},[49,92628,2344],{"class":63},[49,92630,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92632,105],{"class":104},[49,92634,108],{"class":63},[49,92636,1175],{"class":1174},[49,92638,108],{"class":63},[49,92640,7526],{"class":1174},[49,92642,108],{"class":63},[49,92644,59281],{"class":104},[49,92646,108],{"class":63},[49,92648,1569],{"class":67},[49,92650,92651],{"class":63},"))))\n",[20,92653,275],{},[40,92655,92657],{"className":42,"code":92656,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92658,92659,92673],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92660,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92662,2723],{"class":59},[49,92664,2726],{"class":1497},[49,92666,2729],{"class":346},[49,92668,59281],{"class":350},[49,92670,2734],{"class":346},[49,92672,2737],{"class":59},[49,92674,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92676,2723],{"class":59},[49,92678,2726],{"class":1497},[49,92680,2729],{"class":346},[49,92682,7526],{"class":350},[49,92684,2734],{"class":346},[49,92686,2737],{"class":59},[20,92688,92689,92690,92692,92693,91],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92691,35620],{}," works, see ",[308,92694,3010,92695,2943],{"href":92348},[15,92696,35620],{},[35,92698,127,92700,92702],{"id":92699},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92701,35620],{}," gives you",[20,92704,92705,92707,92708,92710],{},[15,92706,35620],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92709,5391],{}," loops.",[137,92712,92713,92716,92719,92722],{},[140,92714,92715],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[140,92717,92718],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[140,92720,92721],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[140,92723,92724,92725],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92726,92727],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92729,761],{},[40,92731,92733],{"className":42,"code":92732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92734,92735,92751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92736,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92738,5391],{"class":3306},[49,92740,68832],{"class":55},[49,92742,3313],{"class":3306},[49,92744,53494],{"class":104},[49,92746,108],{"class":63},[49,92748,1569],{"class":67},[49,92750,7773],{"class":63},[49,92752,92753,92755,92757,92759],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92754,7501],{"class":104},[49,92756,108],{"class":63},[49,92758,35577],{"class":94},[49,92760,272],{"class":63},[20,92762,275],{},[40,92764,92766],{"className":42,"code":92765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92767,92768,92772,92776,92780,92784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92769,92770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92771,46676],{"class":67},[49,92773,92774],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92775,46341],{"class":67},[49,92777,92778],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92779,16479],{"class":67},[49,92781,92782],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,92783,46041],{"class":67},[49,92785,92786],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,92787,48075],{"class":67},[20,92789,705,92790,92792],{},[15,92791,90138],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92794,92795,92796,92798,92799,91],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92797,35620],{}," is so common with ",[308,92800,3010,92802,90169],{"href":92801},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92803,5391],{},[20,92805,92806],{},"You can also inspect it:",[40,92808,92810],{"className":42,"code":92809,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92811,92812,92834,92838,92848,92862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92813,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92815,92503],{"class":55},[49,92817,60],{"class":59},[49,92819,53494],{"class":104},[49,92821,108],{"class":63},[49,92823,1488],{"class":67},[49,92825,71],{"class":63},[49,92827,5437],{"class":67},[49,92829,71],{"class":63},[49,92831,74],{"class":67},[49,92833,272],{"class":63},[49,92835,92836],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92837,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,92839,92840,92842,92844,92846],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92841,105],{"class":104},[49,92843,108],{"class":63},[49,92845,59788],{"class":94},[49,92847,272],{"class":63},[49,92849,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,92851,105],{"class":104},[49,92853,108],{"class":63},[49,92855,10592],{"class":104},[49,92857,108],{"class":63},[49,92859,59788],{"class":94},[49,92861,1182],{"class":63},[49,92863,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92875],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,92865,105],{"class":104},[49,92867,108],{"class":63},[49,92869,79878],{"class":67},[49,92871,20595],{"class":3306},[49,92873,92874],{"class":94}," r",[49,92876,272],{"class":63},[20,92878,275],{},[40,92880,92882],{"className":42,"code":92881,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92883,92884,92902,92906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92885,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92887,59281],{"class":104},[49,92889,108],{"class":63},[49,92891,1488],{"class":67},[49,92893,71],{"class":63},[49,92895,5437],{"class":67},[49,92897,71],{"class":63},[49,92899,74],{"class":67},[49,92901,272],{"class":63},[49,92903,92904],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92905,48075],{"class":67},[49,92907,92908],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92909,3410],{"class":3281},[35,92911,127,92913,92702],{"id":92912},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,92914,92364],{},[20,92916,92917,92919],{},[15,92918,92364],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[137,92921,92922,92925,92928,92931],{},[140,92923,92924],{},"It creates all values at once",[140,92926,92927],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[140,92929,92930],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[140,92932,92933,92934,92936],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,92935,35620],{}," for very large sequences",[20,92938,761],{},[40,92940,92942],{"className":42,"code":92941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,92943,92944,92962,92966,92976],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92945,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92947,214],{"class":55},[49,92949,60],{"class":59},[49,92951,21982],{"class":1174},[49,92953,108],{"class":63},[49,92955,59281],{"class":104},[49,92957,108],{"class":63},[49,92959,1569],{"class":67},[49,92961,1182],{"class":63},[49,92963,92964],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,92965,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,92967,92968,92970,92972,92974],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,92969,105],{"class":104},[49,92971,108],{"class":63},[49,92973,249],{"class":94},[49,92975,272],{"class":63},[49,92977,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,92979,105],{"class":104},[49,92981,108],{"class":63},[49,92983,249],{"class":94},[49,92985,938],{"class":63},[49,92987,1488],{"class":67},[49,92989,3319],{"class":63},[20,92991,275],{},[40,92993,92995],{"className":42,"code":92994,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,92996,92997,93021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92998,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93000,938],{"class":63},[49,93002,1552],{"class":67},[49,93004,71],{"class":63},[49,93006,4930],{"class":67},[49,93008,71],{"class":63},[49,93010,74],{"class":67},[49,93012,71],{"class":63},[49,93014,79],{"class":67},[49,93016,71],{"class":63},[49,93018,1888],{"class":67},[49,93020,82],{"class":63},[49,93022,93023],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93024,16479],{"class":67},[20,93026,93027],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93029,93030,93031,91],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[308,93032,3010,93033,2943],{"href":64131},[15,93034,24203],{},[35,93036,740,93038],{"id":93037},"when-to-use-range",[15,93039,35620],{},[20,93041,120,93042,10033],{},[15,93043,35620],{},[137,93045,93046,93051,93054,93057],{},[140,93047,93048,93049,90898],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93050,5391],{},[140,93052,93053],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[140,93055,93056],{},"You are working with large sequences",[140,93058,93059],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93061,761],{},[40,93063,93065],{"className":42,"code":93064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93066,93067,93087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93068,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93070,5391],{"class":3306},[49,93072,68832],{"class":55},[49,93074,3313],{"class":3306},[49,93076,53494],{"class":104},[49,93078,108],{"class":63},[49,93080,68],{"class":67},[49,93082,71],{"class":63},[49,93084,37067],{"class":67},[49,93086,7773],{"class":63},[49,93088,93089,93091,93093,93095,93098,93100,93102,93104],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93090,7501],{"class":104},[49,93092,108],{"class":63},[49,93094,347],{"class":346},[49,93096,93097],{"class":350},"Count:",[49,93099,347],{"class":346},[49,93101,71],{"class":63},[49,93103,35552],{"class":94},[49,93105,272],{"class":63},[20,93107,275],{},[40,93109,93111],{"className":42,"code":93110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93112,93113,93122,93130,93138,93146],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93114,93115,93118,93120],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93116,93117],{"class":55},"Count",[49,93119,135],{"class":63},[49,93121,29038],{"class":67},[49,93123,93124,93126,93128],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93125,93117],{"class":55},[49,93127,135],{"class":63},[49,93129,45013],{"class":67},[49,93131,93132,93134,93136],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93133,93117],{"class":55},[49,93135,135],{"class":63},[49,93137,2008],{"class":67},[49,93139,93140,93142,93144],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,93141,93117],{"class":55},[49,93143,135],{"class":63},[49,93145,23086],{"class":67},[49,93147,93148,93150,93152],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,93149,93117],{"class":55},[49,93151,135],{"class":63},[49,93153,34263],{"class":67},[20,93155,93156],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93158,93159,93160,93162,93163,61571,93165,91],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93161,35171],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93164,36021],{},[308,93166,36028,93168,36031],{"href":93167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93169,35171],{},[35,93171,740,93173],{"id":93172},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93174,92364],{},[20,93176,120,93177,10033],{},[15,93178,92364],{},[137,93180,93181,93184,93187,93190],{},[140,93182,93183],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[140,93185,93186],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[140,93188,93189],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[140,93191,93192],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93194,761],{},[40,93196,93198],{"className":42,"code":93197,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93199,93200,93218,93232,93236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93201,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93203,214],{"class":55},[49,93205,60],{"class":59},[49,93207,21982],{"class":1174},[49,93209,108],{"class":63},[49,93211,59281],{"class":104},[49,93213,108],{"class":63},[49,93215,1569],{"class":67},[49,93217,1182],{"class":63},[49,93219,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93221,249],{"class":55},[49,93223,91],{"class":63},[49,93225,12973],{"class":94},[49,93227,108],{"class":63},[49,93229,1569],{"class":67},[49,93231,272],{"class":63},[49,93233,93234],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93235,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,93237,93238,93240,93242,93244],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,93239,105],{"class":104},[49,93241,108],{"class":63},[49,93243,249],{"class":94},[49,93245,272],{"class":63},[20,93247,275],{},[40,93249,93251],{"className":42,"code":93250,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93252,93253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93254,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93256,938],{"class":63},[49,93258,1552],{"class":67},[49,93260,71],{"class":63},[49,93262,4930],{"class":67},[49,93264,71],{"class":63},[49,93266,74],{"class":67},[49,93268,71],{"class":63},[49,93270,79],{"class":67},[49,93272,71],{"class":63},[49,93274,1888],{"class":67},[49,93276,71],{"class":63},[49,93278,4036],{"class":67},[49,93280,82],{"class":63},[20,93282,5493,93283,93285],{},[15,93284,249],{}," is a list.",[35,93287,15018],{"id":15017},[20,93289,93290,93292,93293,91],{},[15,93291,35620],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93294,37021],{},[20,93296,1539],{},[137,93298,93299,93301,93306,93311,93314],{},[140,93300,21407],{},[140,93302,93303,93304],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93305,41784],{},[140,93307,93308,93309],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93310,3313],{},[140,93312,93313],{},"You can index it",[140,93315,93316,93317,93319],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93318,52078],{}," do not work on it",[20,93321,761],{},[40,93323,93325],{"className":42,"code":93324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93326,93327,93341,93345,93359,93373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93328,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93330,92503],{"class":55},[49,93332,60],{"class":59},[49,93334,53494],{"class":104},[49,93336,108],{"class":63},[49,93338,1569],{"class":67},[49,93340,272],{"class":63},[49,93342,93343],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93344,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,93346,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93348,105],{"class":104},[49,93350,108],{"class":63},[49,93352,59788],{"class":94},[49,93354,938],{"class":63},[49,93356,1488],{"class":67},[49,93358,3319],{"class":63},[49,93360,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,93362,105],{"class":104},[49,93364,108],{"class":63},[49,93366,10592],{"class":104},[49,93368,108],{"class":63},[49,93370,59788],{"class":94},[49,93372,1182],{"class":63},[49,93374,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,93376,105],{"class":104},[49,93378,108],{"class":63},[49,93380,1494],{"class":67},[49,93382,20595],{"class":3306},[49,93384,92874],{"class":94},[49,93386,272],{"class":63},[20,93388,275],{},[40,93390,93392],{"className":42,"code":93391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93393,93394,93398,93402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93395,93396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93397,16479],{"class":67},[49,93399,93400],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93401,2379],{"class":67},[49,93403,93404],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93405,3410],{"class":3281},[20,93407,93408],{},"Now compare that with this:",[40,93410,93412],{"className":42,"code":93411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93413,93414,93428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93415,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93417,92503],{"class":55},[49,93419,60],{"class":59},[49,93421,53494],{"class":104},[49,93423,108],{"class":63},[49,93425,1569],{"class":67},[49,93427,272],{"class":63},[49,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93431,59788],{"class":55},[49,93433,91],{"class":63},[49,93435,12973],{"class":94},[49,93437,108],{"class":63},[49,93439,1569],{"class":67},[49,93441,272],{"class":63},[20,93443,275],{},[40,93445,93447],{"className":42,"code":93446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93448,93449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93450,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461,93463,93466,93468,93470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93452,25094],{"class":1174},[49,93454,135],{"class":63},[49,93456,2729],{"class":346},[49,93458,59281],{"class":350},[49,93460,2734],{"class":346},[49,93462,24040],{"class":1174},[49,93464,93465],{"class":55}," has no attribute ",[49,93467,2734],{"class":346},[49,93469,12973],{"class":350},[49,93471,29123],{"class":346},[20,93473,93474,93475,1622,93477,1626,93479,93481],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93476,52078],{},[15,93478,1335],{},[15,93480,63595],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93483,93484,93485,91],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[308,93486,25102,93487],{"href":34841},[15,93488,33677],{},[35,93490,93492],{"id":93491},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93494,93495],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[40,93497,93498],{"className":42,"code":91974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93499,93500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93501,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93503,105],{"class":104},[49,93505,108],{"class":63},[49,93507,59281],{"class":104},[49,93509,108],{"class":63},[49,93511,1569],{"class":67},[49,93513,1182],{"class":63},[20,93515,93516],{},"to show:",[40,93518,93519],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93520,93521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93522,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93524,938],{"class":63},[49,93526,1552],{"class":67},[49,93528,71],{"class":63},[49,93530,4930],{"class":67},[49,93532,71],{"class":63},[49,93534,74],{"class":67},[49,93536,71],{"class":63},[49,93538,79],{"class":67},[49,93540,71],{"class":63},[49,93542,1888],{"class":67},[49,93544,82],{"class":63},[20,93546,93547],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[40,93549,93550],{"className":42,"code":91995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93551,93552],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93553,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93555,59281],{"class":104},[49,93557,108],{"class":63},[49,93559,1552],{"class":67},[49,93561,71],{"class":63},[49,93563,4036],{"class":67},[49,93565,272],{"class":63},[20,93567,4059,93568,93570],{},[30,93569,329],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93572,93573,93574,93576],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93575,92382],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93578,93579],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[40,93581,93582],{"className":42,"code":90331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93583,93584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93585,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594,93596,93598,93600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93587,105],{"class":104},[49,93589,108],{"class":63},[49,93591,7526],{"class":1174},[49,93593,108],{"class":63},[49,93595,59281],{"class":104},[49,93597,108],{"class":63},[49,93599,1569],{"class":67},[49,93601,2344],{"class":63},[20,93603,275],{},[40,93605,93606],{"className":42,"code":59304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93607,93608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93609,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93611,938],{"class":63},[49,93613,1552],{"class":67},[49,93615,71],{"class":63},[49,93617,4930],{"class":67},[49,93619,71],{"class":63},[49,93621,74],{"class":67},[49,93623,71],{"class":63},[49,93625,79],{"class":67},[49,93627,71],{"class":63},[49,93629,1888],{"class":67},[49,93631,82],{"class":63},[35,93633,2261],{"id":2260},[20,93635,93636],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[137,93638,93639,93645,93648,93654],{},[140,93640,1092,93641,93644],{},[15,93642,93643],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[140,93646,93647],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[140,93649,93650,93651,93653],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93652,35620],{}," is iterable but not a list",[140,93655,1092,93656,93658,93659,93661],{},[15,93657,92364],{}," when plain ",[15,93660,35620],{}," would be simpler",[20,93663,93664],{},"These quick checks can help:",[40,93666,93668],{"className":42,"code":93667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93669,93670,93684,93702,93720,93742,93760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93671,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93673,105],{"class":104},[49,93675,108],{"class":63},[49,93677,59281],{"class":104},[49,93679,108],{"class":63},[49,93681,1569],{"class":67},[49,93683,1182],{"class":63},[49,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93687,105],{"class":104},[49,93689,108],{"class":63},[49,93691,7526],{"class":1174},[49,93693,108],{"class":63},[49,93695,59281],{"class":104},[49,93697,108],{"class":63},[49,93699,1569],{"class":67},[49,93701,2344],{"class":63},[49,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93705,105],{"class":104},[49,93707,108],{"class":63},[49,93709,1175],{"class":1174},[49,93711,108],{"class":63},[49,93713,59281],{"class":104},[49,93715,108],{"class":63},[49,93717,1569],{"class":67},[49,93719,2344],{"class":63},[49,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,93723,105],{"class":104},[49,93725,108],{"class":63},[49,93727,1175],{"class":1174},[49,93729,108],{"class":63},[49,93731,7526],{"class":1174},[49,93733,108],{"class":63},[49,93735,59281],{"class":104},[49,93737,108],{"class":63},[49,93739,1569],{"class":67},[49,93741,92651],{"class":63},[49,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,93745,105],{"class":104},[49,93747,108],{"class":63},[49,93749,1494],{"class":67},[49,93751,20595],{"class":3306},[49,93753,53494],{"class":104},[49,93755,108],{"class":63},[49,93757,1569],{"class":67},[49,93759,1182],{"class":63},[49,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,93763,105],{"class":104},[49,93765,108],{"class":63},[49,93767,10592],{"class":104},[49,93769,108],{"class":63},[49,93771,59281],{"class":104},[49,93773,108],{"class":63},[49,93775,1569],{"class":67},[49,93777,2344],{"class":63},[20,93779,275],{},[40,93781,93783],{"className":42,"code":93782,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93784,93785,93799,93823,93837,93851,93855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93786,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93788,59281],{"class":104},[49,93790,108],{"class":63},[49,93792,1552],{"class":67},[49,93794,71],{"class":63},[49,93796,4036],{"class":67},[49,93798,272],{"class":63},[49,93800,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93802,938],{"class":63},[49,93804,1552],{"class":67},[49,93806,71],{"class":63},[49,93808,4930],{"class":67},[49,93810,71],{"class":63},[49,93812,74],{"class":67},[49,93814,71],{"class":63},[49,93816,79],{"class":67},[49,93818,71],{"class":63},[49,93820,1888],{"class":67},[49,93822,82],{"class":63},[49,93824,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,93826,2723],{"class":59},[49,93828,2726],{"class":1497},[49,93830,2729],{"class":346},[49,93832,59281],{"class":350},[49,93834,2734],{"class":346},[49,93836,2737],{"class":59},[49,93838,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,93840,2723],{"class":59},[49,93842,2726],{"class":1497},[49,93844,2729],{"class":346},[49,93846,7526],{"class":350},[49,93848,2734],{"class":346},[49,93850,2737],{"class":59},[49,93852,93853],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,93854,3410],{"class":3281},[49,93856,93857],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,93858,2379],{"class":67},[35,93860,1253],{"id":1252},[528,93862,14324,93864,93866],{"id":93863},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93865,35620],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93868,45789,93869,93871],{},[15,93870,35620],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[528,93873,93875,93876,871,93878,1284],{"id":93874},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93877,35620],{},[15,93879,92364],{},[20,93881,93882,93884,93885,93887],{},[15,93883,35620],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93886,92364],{}," creates a full list.",[528,93889,93891],{"id":93890},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93893,93894],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93896,761],{},[40,93898,93900],{"className":42,"code":93899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93901,93902,93916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93903,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93905,92503],{"class":55},[49,93907,60],{"class":59},[49,93909,53494],{"class":104},[49,93911,108],{"class":63},[49,93913,1569],{"class":67},[49,93915,272],{"class":63},[49,93917,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,93919,105],{"class":104},[49,93921,108],{"class":63},[49,93923,59788],{"class":94},[49,93925,938],{"class":63},[49,93927,68],{"class":67},[49,93929,3319],{"class":63},[20,93931,275],{},[40,93933,93934],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,93935,93936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93937,93938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93939,46341],{"class":67},[528,93941,4589,93943,93945],{"id":93942},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,93944,93643],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,93947,93948,93949,93952],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,93950,93951],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[528,93954,93956,93957,93959],{"id":93955},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,93958,35620],{}," to a list?",[20,93961,93962],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[35,93964,1309],{"id":1308},[137,93966,93967,93973,93979,93986,93992],{},[140,93968,93969],{},[308,93970,3010,93971,2943],{"href":92348},[15,93972,35620],{},[140,93974,93975],{},[308,93976,3010,93977,2943],{"href":64131},[15,93978,24203],{},[140,93980,93981],{},[308,93982,3010,93983,93985],{"href":92801},[15,93984,5391],{}," loops explained",[140,93987,93988],{},[308,93989,36942,93990,36031],{"href":93167},[15,93991,35171],{},[140,93993,93994],{},[308,93995,25545,93996],{"href":34841},[15,93997,33677],{},[1352,93999,94000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":94002},[94003,94004,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94014,94015,94016,94027],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":92467,"depth":85,"text":92468},{"id":92699,"depth":85,"text":94006},"What range() gives you",{"id":92912,"depth":85,"text":94008},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93037,"depth":85,"text":94010},"When to use range()",{"id":93172,"depth":85,"text":94012},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15017,"depth":85,"text":15018},{"id":93491,"depth":85,"text":93492},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":94017},[94018,94020,94022,94023,94025],{"id":93863,"depth":101,"text":94019},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93874,"depth":101,"text":94021},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93890,"depth":101,"text":93891},{"id":93942,"depth":101,"text":94024},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":93955,"depth":101,"text":94026},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92354,"description":94028},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94035,"title":94036,"body":94037,"description":95473,"extension":1392,"meta":95474,"navigation":243,"path":95475,"seo":95476,"stem":95477,"__hash__":95478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94038,"toc":95439},[94039,94045,94050,94053,94067,94070,94072,94111,94113,94126,94134,94139,94155,94158,94160,94162,94183,94200,94203,94262,94264,94283,94288,94294,94297,94331,94333,94346,94349,94394,94396,94419,94426,94432,94435,94476,94478,94492,94495,94553,94555,94570,94583,94589,94595,94660,94662,94681,94683,94701,94704,94708,94714,94716,94749,94751,94764,94774,94777,94838,94840,94861,94864,94866,94882,94887,94891,94896,94901,94957,94959,94977,94980,95025,95027,95035,95040,95044,95058,95060,95092,95094,95103,95105,95109,95118,95121,95153,95155,95167,95170,95174,95179,95220,95222,95230,95233,95256,95260,95262,95271,95274,95327,95329,95338,95342,95347,95358,95360,95369,95372,95378,95381,95387,95397,95405,95412,95414,95436],[10,94040,3010,94042,3014],{"id":94041},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94043,94044],{},"round()",[20,94046,8554,94047,94049],{},[15,94048,94044],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94051,94052],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[137,94054,94055,94061],{},[140,94056,94057,94060],{},[15,94058,94059],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[140,94062,94063,94066],{},[15,94064,94065],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94068,94069],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[35,94071,1434],{"id":1433},[40,94073,94075],{"className":42,"code":94074,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94076,94077,94093],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94078,94079,94081,94083,94086,94088,94091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94080,105],{"class":104},[49,94082,108],{"class":63},[49,94084,94085],{"class":104},"round",[49,94087,108],{"class":63},[49,94089,94090],{"class":67},"3.14159",[49,94092,1182],{"class":63},[49,94094,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105,94107,94109],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94096,105],{"class":104},[49,94098,108],{"class":63},[49,94100,94085],{"class":104},[49,94102,108],{"class":63},[49,94104,94090],{"class":67},[49,94106,71],{"class":63},[49,94108,74],{"class":67},[49,94110,1182],{"class":63},[20,94112,275],{},[40,94114,94116],{"className":42,"code":94115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94117,94118,94122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94119,94120],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94121,46041],{"class":67},[49,94123,94124],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94125,39601],{"class":67},[20,94127,120,94128,94130,94131,94133],{},[15,94129,94059],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94132,94065],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[35,94135,127,94137,130],{"id":94136},"what-round-does",[15,94138,94044],{},[137,94140,94141,94146,94149,94152],{},[140,94142,94143,94145],{},[15,94144,94044],{}," is a built-in Python function",[140,94147,94148],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[140,94150,94151],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[140,94153,94154],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94156,94157],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[35,94159,164],{"id":163},[20,94161,1592],{},[40,94163,94165],{"className":42,"code":94164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94166,94167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94168,94169,94171,94173,94175,94178,94181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94170,94085],{"class":104},[49,94172,108],{"class":63},[49,94174,1672],{"class":94},[49,94176,94177],{"class":63},"[,",[49,94179,94180],{"class":94}," ndigits",[49,94182,3319],{"class":63},[137,94184,94185,94190,94195],{},[140,94186,94187,94189],{},[15,94188,1672],{}," is the value to round",[140,94191,94192,19462],{},[15,94193,94194],{},"ndigits",[140,94196,94197,94199],{},[15,94198,94194],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94201,94202],{},"Basic examples:",[40,94204,94206],{"className":42,"code":94205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94207,94208,94223,94241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94209,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94211,105],{"class":104},[49,94213,108],{"class":63},[49,94215,94085],{"class":104},[49,94217,108],{"class":63},[49,94219,94220],{"class":67},"7.8",[49,94222,1182],{"class":63},[49,94224,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94226,105],{"class":104},[49,94228,108],{"class":63},[49,94230,94085],{"class":104},[49,94232,108],{"class":63},[49,94234,94220],{"class":67},[49,94236,71],{"class":63},[49,94238,4930],{"class":67},[49,94240,1182],{"class":63},[49,94242,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94244,105],{"class":104},[49,94246,108],{"class":63},[49,94248,94085],{"class":104},[49,94250,108],{"class":63},[49,94252,94253],{"class":67},"1234",[49,94255,71],{"class":63},[49,94257,1655],{"class":59},[49,94259,1488],{"class":67},[49,94261,1182],{"class":63},[20,94263,275],{},[40,94265,94267],{"className":42,"code":94266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94268,94269,94273,94278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94270,94271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94272,1813],{"class":67},[49,94274,94275],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94276,94277],{"class":67},"7.8\n",[49,94279,94280],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94281,94282],{"class":67},"1200\n",[20,94284,94285,94286,91],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[308,94287,1851],{"href":1850},[35,94289,1092,94291,94293],{"id":94290},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94292,94044],{}," with one argument",[20,94295,94296],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[40,94298,94300],{"className":42,"code":94299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94301,94302,94316],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94303,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94305,105],{"class":104},[49,94307,108],{"class":63},[49,94309,94085],{"class":104},[49,94311,108],{"class":63},[49,94313,1794],{"class":67},[49,94315,1182],{"class":63},[49,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94329],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94319,105],{"class":104},[49,94321,108],{"class":63},[49,94323,94085],{"class":104},[49,94325,108],{"class":63},[49,94327,94328],{"class":67},"4.8",[49,94330,1182],{"class":63},[20,94332,275],{},[40,94334,94336],{"className":42,"code":94335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n5\n",[15,94337,94338,94342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94339,94340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94341,48075],{"class":67},[49,94343,94344],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94345,2379],{"class":67},[20,94347,94348],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[40,94350,94352],{"className":42,"code":94351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94353,94354,94370,94380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94355,94356,94358,94360,94363,94365,94368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94357,382],{"class":55},[49,94359,60],{"class":59},[49,94361,94362],{"class":104}," round",[49,94364,108],{"class":63},[49,94366,94367],{"class":67},"10.2",[49,94369,272],{"class":63},[49,94371,94372,94374,94376,94378],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94373,105],{"class":104},[49,94375,108],{"class":63},[49,94377,420],{"class":94},[49,94379,272],{"class":63},[49,94381,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94383,105],{"class":104},[49,94385,108],{"class":63},[49,94387,1175],{"class":1174},[49,94389,108],{"class":63},[49,94391,420],{"class":94},[49,94393,1182],{"class":63},[20,94395,275],{},[40,94397,94399],{"className":42,"code":94398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94400,94401,94405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94402,94403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94404,1808],{"class":67},[49,94406,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94408,2723],{"class":59},[49,94410,2726],{"class":1497},[49,94412,2729],{"class":346},[49,94414,1621],{"class":350},[49,94416,2734],{"class":346},[49,94418,2737],{"class":59},[20,94420,94421,94422,91],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[308,94423,3010,94424,2943],{"href":2306},[15,94425,2309],{},[35,94427,1092,94429,94431],{"id":94428},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94430,94044],{}," with decimal places",[20,94433,94434],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[40,94436,94438],{"className":42,"code":94437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94439,94440,94458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94441,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94443,105],{"class":104},[49,94445,108],{"class":63},[49,94447,94085],{"class":104},[49,94449,108],{"class":63},[49,94451,94090],{"class":67},[49,94453,71],{"class":63},[49,94455,74],{"class":67},[49,94457,1182],{"class":63},[49,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94461,105],{"class":104},[49,94463,108],{"class":63},[49,94465,94085],{"class":104},[49,94467,108],{"class":63},[49,94469,94090],{"class":67},[49,94471,71],{"class":63},[49,94473,79],{"class":67},[49,94475,1182],{"class":63},[20,94477,275],{},[40,94479,94481],{"className":42,"code":94480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94482,94483,94487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94484,94485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94486,39601],{"class":67},[49,94488,94489],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94490,94491],{"class":67},"3.142\n",[20,94493,94494],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[40,94496,94498],{"className":42,"code":94497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94499,94500,94509,94528,94532,94542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94501,94502,94504,94506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94503,39811],{"class":55},[49,94505,60],{"class":59},[49,94507,94508],{"class":67}," 19.9876\n",[49,94510,94511,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94512,94513],{"class":55},"rounded_price ",[49,94515,60],{"class":59},[49,94517,94362],{"class":104},[49,94519,108],{"class":63},[49,94521,24572],{"class":94},[49,94523,71],{"class":63},[49,94525,74],{"class":67},[49,94527,272],{"class":63},[49,94529,94530],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94531,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,94533,94534,94536,94538,94540],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,94535,105],{"class":104},[49,94537,108],{"class":63},[49,94539,24572],{"class":94},[49,94541,272],{"class":63},[49,94543,94544,94546,94548,94551],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,94545,105],{"class":104},[49,94547,108],{"class":63},[49,94549,94550],{"class":94},"rounded_price",[49,94552,272],{"class":63},[20,94554,275],{},[40,94556,94558],{"className":42,"code":94557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94559,94560,94565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94561,94562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94563,94564],{"class":67},"19.9876\n",[49,94566,94567],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94568,94569],{"class":67},"19.99\n",[20,94571,94572,94573,94576,94577,2310,94579,91],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94574,94575],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[308,94578,40316],{"href":40315},[308,94580,3010,94581,2943],{"href":2313},[15,94582,2316],{},[35,94584,94586,94587],{"id":94585},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94588,94194],{},[20,94590,94591,94592,94594],{},"A negative ",[15,94593,94194],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[40,94596,94598],{"className":42,"code":94597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94599,94600,94620,94640],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94601,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94603,105],{"class":104},[49,94605,108],{"class":63},[49,94607,94085],{"class":104},[49,94609,108],{"class":63},[49,94611,94253],{"class":67},[49,94613,71],{"class":63},[49,94615,1655],{"class":59},[49,94617,68],{"class":67},[49,94619,1182],{"class":63},[49,94621,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94623,105],{"class":104},[49,94625,108],{"class":63},[49,94627,94085],{"class":104},[49,94629,108],{"class":63},[49,94631,94253],{"class":67},[49,94633,71],{"class":63},[49,94635,1655],{"class":59},[49,94637,1488],{"class":67},[49,94639,1182],{"class":63},[49,94641,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94643,105],{"class":104},[49,94645,108],{"class":63},[49,94647,94085],{"class":104},[49,94649,108],{"class":63},[49,94651,94253],{"class":67},[49,94653,71],{"class":63},[49,94655,1655],{"class":59},[49,94657,1494],{"class":67},[49,94659,1182],{"class":63},[20,94661,275],{},[40,94663,94665],{"className":42,"code":94664,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94666,94667,94672,94676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94668,94669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94670,94671],{"class":67},"1230\n",[49,94673,94674],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94675,94282],{"class":67},[49,94677,94678],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94679,94680],{"class":67},"1000\n",[20,94682,64868],{},[137,94684,94685,94690,94696],{},[140,94686,94687,94689],{},[15,94688,65138],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[140,94691,94692,94695],{},[15,94693,94694],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[140,94697,94698,94700],{},[15,94699,47095],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94702,94703],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[35,94705,94707],{"id":94706},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94709,94710,94711,91],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94712,94713],{},".5",[20,94715,4904],{},[40,94717,94719],{"className":42,"code":94718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94720,94721,94735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94722,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94724,105],{"class":104},[49,94726,108],{"class":63},[49,94728,94085],{"class":104},[49,94730,108],{"class":63},[49,94732,40582],{"class":67},[49,94734,1182],{"class":63},[49,94736,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94738,105],{"class":104},[49,94740,108],{"class":63},[49,94742,94085],{"class":104},[49,94744,108],{"class":63},[49,94746,1471],{"class":67},[49,94748,1182],{"class":63},[20,94750,275],{},[40,94752,94754],{"className":42,"code":94753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n4\n",[15,94755,94756,94760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94757,94758],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94759,16479],{"class":67},[49,94761,94762],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94763,48075],{"class":67},[20,94765,94766,94767,94770,94771,94773],{},"Python uses ",[30,94768,94769],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94772,94713],{}," situations.",[20,94775,94776],{},"More examples:",[40,94778,94780],{"className":42,"code":94779,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94781,94782,94796,94810,94824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94783,94784,94786,94788,94790,94792,94794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94785,105],{"class":104},[49,94787,108],{"class":63},[49,94789,94085],{"class":104},[49,94791,108],{"class":63},[49,94793,40595],{"class":67},[49,94795,1182],{"class":63},[49,94797,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94799,105],{"class":104},[49,94801,108],{"class":63},[49,94803,94085],{"class":104},[49,94805,108],{"class":63},[49,94807,40582],{"class":67},[49,94809,1182],{"class":63},[49,94811,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94813,105],{"class":104},[49,94815,108],{"class":63},[49,94817,94085],{"class":104},[49,94819,108],{"class":63},[49,94821,1471],{"class":67},[49,94823,1182],{"class":63},[49,94825,94826,94828,94830,94832,94834,94836],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,94827,105],{"class":104},[49,94829,108],{"class":63},[49,94831,94085],{"class":104},[49,94833,108],{"class":63},[49,94835,40547],{"class":67},[49,94837,1182],{"class":63},[20,94839,275],{},[40,94841,94843],{"className":42,"code":94842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94844,94845,94849,94853,94857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94846,94847],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94848,16479],{"class":67},[49,94850,94851],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94852,16479],{"class":67},[49,94854,94855],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94856,48075],{"class":67},[49,94858,94859],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,94860,48075],{"class":67},[20,94862,94863],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94865,10145],{},[137,94867,94868,94875],{},[140,94869,94870,1566,94873],{},[15,94871,94872],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94874,1488],{},[140,94876,94877,1566,94880],{},[15,94878,94879],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94881,1936],{},[20,94883,2602,94884,94886],{},[15,94885,94713],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[35,94888,94890],{"id":94889},"return-values","Return values",[20,94892,94893,94895],{},[15,94894,94044],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94897,326,94898,94900],{},[30,94899,329],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[40,94902,94904],{"className":42,"code":94903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,94905,94906,94915,94919,94929,94947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94907,94908,94910,94912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94909,1878],{"class":55},[49,94911,60],{"class":59},[49,94913,94914],{"class":67}," 3.14159\n",[49,94916,94917],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94918,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,94920,94921,94923,94925,94927],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94922,105],{"class":104},[49,94924,108],{"class":63},[49,94926,1904],{"class":94},[49,94928,272],{"class":63},[49,94930,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94945],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,94932,105],{"class":104},[49,94934,108],{"class":63},[49,94936,94085],{"class":104},[49,94938,108],{"class":63},[49,94940,1904],{"class":94},[49,94942,71],{"class":63},[49,94944,74],{"class":67},[49,94946,1182],{"class":63},[49,94948,94949,94951,94953,94955],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,94950,105],{"class":104},[49,94952,108],{"class":63},[49,94954,1904],{"class":94},[49,94956,272],{"class":63},[20,94958,275],{},[40,94960,94962],{"className":42,"code":94961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,94963,94964,94969,94973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94965,94966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94967,94968],{"class":67},"3.14159\n",[49,94970,94971],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94972,39601],{"class":67},[49,94974,94975],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,94976,94968],{"class":67},[20,94978,94979],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[40,94981,94983],{"className":42,"code":94982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,94984,94985,94993,95011,95015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94986,94987,94989,94991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94988,1878],{"class":55},[49,94990,60],{"class":59},[49,94992,94914],{"class":67},[49,94994,94995,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,94996,1878],{"class":55},[49,94998,60],{"class":59},[49,95000,94362],{"class":104},[49,95002,108],{"class":63},[49,95004,1904],{"class":94},[49,95006,71],{"class":63},[49,95008,74],{"class":67},[49,95010,272],{"class":63},[49,95012,95013],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95014,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95016,95017,95019,95021,95023],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95018,105],{"class":104},[49,95020,108],{"class":63},[49,95022,1904],{"class":94},[49,95024,272],{"class":63},[20,95026,275],{},[40,95028,95029],{"className":42,"code":39601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95030,95031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95032,95033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95034,39601],{"class":67},[35,95036,740,95038],{"id":95037},"when-to-use-round",[15,95039,94044],{},[20,95041,120,95042,747],{},[15,95043,94044],{},[137,95045,95046,95049,95052,95055],{},[140,95047,95048],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[140,95050,95051],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[140,95053,95054],{},"Round values before reporting results",[140,95056,95057],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95059,4904],{},[40,95061,95063],{"className":42,"code":95062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95064,95065,95074],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95066,95067,95069,95071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95068,2026],{"class":55},[49,95070,60],{"class":59},[49,95072,95073],{"class":67}," 12.67891\n",[49,95075,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95077,105],{"class":104},[49,95079,108],{"class":63},[49,95081,94085],{"class":104},[49,95083,108],{"class":63},[49,95085,2049],{"class":94},[49,95087,71],{"class":63},[49,95089,74],{"class":67},[49,95091,1182],{"class":63},[20,95093,275],{},[40,95095,95097],{"className":42,"code":95096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"12.68\n",[15,95098,95099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95100,95101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95102,95096],{"class":67},[35,95104,2261],{"id":2260},[20,95106,22517,95107,91],{},[15,95108,94044],{},[528,95110,1011,95112,95114,95115,95117],{"id":95111},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95113,94044],{}," to always round ",[15,95116,94713],{}," upward",[20,95119,95120],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[40,95122,95123],{"className":42,"code":94718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95124,95125,95139],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95126,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135,95137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95128,105],{"class":104},[49,95130,108],{"class":63},[49,95132,94085],{"class":104},[49,95134,108],{"class":63},[49,95136,40582],{"class":67},[49,95138,1182],{"class":63},[49,95140,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95142,105],{"class":104},[49,95144,108],{"class":63},[49,95146,94085],{"class":104},[49,95148,108],{"class":63},[49,95150,1471],{"class":67},[49,95152,1182],{"class":63},[20,95154,275],{},[40,95156,95157],{"className":42,"code":94753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95158,95159,95163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95160,95161],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95162,16479],{"class":67},[49,95164,95165],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95166,48075],{"class":67},[20,95168,95169],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[528,95171,95173],{"id":95172},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95175,95176,95178],{},[15,95177,94044],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[40,95180,95182],{"className":42,"code":95181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95183,95184,95192,95206,95210],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95185,95186,95188,95190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95187,1878],{"class":55},[49,95189,60],{"class":59},[49,95191,94914],{"class":67},[49,95193,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95195,94085],{"class":104},[49,95197,108],{"class":63},[49,95199,1904],{"class":94},[49,95201,71],{"class":63},[49,95203,74],{"class":67},[49,95205,272],{"class":63},[49,95207,95208],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95209,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95211,95212,95214,95216,95218],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95213,105],{"class":104},[49,95215,108],{"class":63},[49,95217,1904],{"class":94},[49,95219,272],{"class":63},[20,95221,275],{},[40,95223,95224],{"className":42,"code":94968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95225,95226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95227,95228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95229,94968],{"class":67},[20,95231,95232],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[40,95234,95236],{"className":42,"code":95235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95237,95238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95239,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248,95250,95252,95254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95241,1878],{"class":55},[49,95243,60],{"class":59},[49,95245,94362],{"class":104},[49,95247,108],{"class":63},[49,95249,1904],{"class":94},[49,95251,71],{"class":63},[49,95253,74],{"class":67},[49,95255,272],{"class":63},[528,95257,95259],{"id":95258},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95261,15823],{},[40,95263,95265],{"className":42,"code":95264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95266,95267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95268,95269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95270,95264],{"class":116},[20,95272,95273],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[40,95275,95277],{"className":42,"code":95276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95278,95279,95291,95305,95309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95280,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95282,1114],{"class":55},[49,95284,60],{"class":59},[49,95286,357],{"class":346},[49,95288,39567],{"class":350},[49,95290,1124],{"class":346},[49,95292,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95294,1650],{"class":55},[49,95296,60],{"class":59},[49,95298,39679],{"class":1174},[49,95300,108],{"class":63},[49,95302,1129],{"class":94},[49,95304,272],{"class":63},[49,95306,95307],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95308,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95310,95311,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95312,105],{"class":104},[49,95314,108],{"class":63},[49,95316,94085],{"class":104},[49,95318,108],{"class":63},[49,95320,1672],{"class":94},[49,95322,71],{"class":63},[49,95324,4930],{"class":67},[49,95326,1182],{"class":63},[20,95328,275],{},[40,95330,95332],{"className":42,"code":95331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.1\n",[15,95333,95334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95335,95336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95337,95331],{"class":67},[528,95339,95341],{"id":95340},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95343,95344,95346],{},[15,95345,94044],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95348,95349,95350,2310,95354,91],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[308,95351,95352],{"href":2313},[15,95353,2316],{},[308,95355,95356],{"href":2306},[15,95357,2309],{},[35,95359,1253],{"id":1252},[528,95361,1257,95363,95365,95366,95368],{"id":95362},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95364,94044],{}," always round ",[15,95367,39638],{}," up?",[20,95370,95371],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[528,95373,1257,95375,95377],{"id":95374},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95376,94044],{}," change the original number?",[20,95379,95380],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[528,95382,4601,95384,95386],{"id":95383},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95385,94044],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95388,95389,95390,95392,95393,2310,95395,91],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95391,94194],{}," value like ",[15,95394,65138],{},[15,95396,94694],{},[528,95398,1296,95400,95402,95403,1284],{"id":95399},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95401,94044],{}," on a string like ",[15,95404,47519],{},[20,95406,95407,95408,2310,95410,91],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95409,2316],{},[15,95411,2309],{},[35,95413,1309],{"id":1308},[137,95415,95416,95422,95428,95432],{},[140,95417,95418],{},[308,95419,3010,95420,2943],{"href":2313},[15,95421,2316],{},[140,95423,95424],{},[308,95425,3010,95426,2943],{"href":2306},[15,95427,2309],{},[140,95429,95430],{},[308,95431,1851],{"href":1850},[140,95433,95434],{},[308,95435,41604],{"href":40315},[1352,95437,95438],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":95440},[95441,95442,95444,95445,95447,95449,95451,95452,95453,95455,95462,95472],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":94136,"depth":85,"text":95443},"What round() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":94290,"depth":85,"text":95446},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94428,"depth":85,"text":95448},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94585,"depth":85,"text":95450},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94706,"depth":85,"text":94707},{"id":94889,"depth":85,"text":94890},{"id":95037,"depth":85,"text":95454},"When to use round()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":95456},[95457,95459,95460,95461],{"id":95111,"depth":101,"text":95458},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95172,"depth":101,"text":95173},{"id":95258,"depth":101,"text":95259},{"id":95340,"depth":101,"text":95341},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":95463},[95464,95466,95468,95470],{"id":95362,"depth":101,"text":95465},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95374,"depth":101,"text":95467},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95383,"depth":101,"text":95469},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95399,"depth":101,"text":95471},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94036,"description":95473},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95480,"title":95481,"body":95482,"description":96667,"extension":1392,"meta":96668,"navigation":243,"path":96669,"seo":96670,"stem":96671,"__hash__":96672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95483,"toc":96641},[95484,95491,95497,95500,95502,95551,95555,95580,95585,95590,95595,95609,95620,95622,95641,95643,95659,95662,95673,95675,95677,95738,95742,95775,95782,95789,95792,95825,95828,95832,95835,95888,95892,95913,95919,95926,95933,95994,96002,96079,96083,96095,96104,96106,96112,96118,96122,96175,96178,96236,96240,96248,96251,96255,96258,96268,96270,96367,96370,96381,96384,96427,96431,96455,96458,96464,96466,96470,96495,96497,96564,96573,96575,96581,96586,96590,96593,96597,96604,96608,96613,96615,96632,96638],[10,95485,95487,95488,18],{"id":95486},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95489,95490],{},"add()",[20,95492,95493,95496],{},[15,95494,95495],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95498,95499],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[35,95501,1434],{"id":1433},[40,95503,95505],{"className":42,"code":95504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95506,95507,95527,95541],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95510,214],{"class":55},[49,95512,60],{"class":59},[49,95514,9923],{"class":63},[49,95516,68],{"class":67},[49,95518,71],{"class":63},[49,95520,74],{"class":67},[49,95522,71],{"class":63},[49,95524,79],{"class":67},[49,95526,8741],{"class":63},[49,95528,95529,95531,95533,95535,95537,95539],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95530,249],{"class":55},[49,95532,91],{"class":63},[49,95534,81390],{"class":94},[49,95536,108],{"class":63},[49,95538,1936],{"class":67},[49,95540,272],{"class":63},[49,95542,95543,95545,95547,95549],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95544,105],{"class":104},[49,95546,108],{"class":63},[49,95548,249],{"class":94},[49,95550,272],{"class":63},[20,95552,95553],{},[30,95554,275],{},[40,95556,95558],{"className":42,"code":95557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95559,95560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95561,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95563,8710],{"class":63},[49,95565,68],{"class":67},[49,95567,71],{"class":63},[49,95569,74],{"class":67},[49,95571,71],{"class":63},[49,95573,79],{"class":67},[49,95575,71],{"class":63},[49,95577,1888],{"class":67},[49,95579,8741],{"class":63},[20,95581,120,95582,95584],{},[15,95583,95490],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[35,95586,127,95588,130],{"id":95587},"what-setadd-does",[15,95589,95495],{},[20,95591,95592,95594],{},[15,95593,95495],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[137,95596,95597,95600,95603,95606],{},[140,95598,95599],{},"Adds one item to a set",[140,95601,95602],{},"Changes the original set in place",[140,95604,95605],{},"Does not return a new set",[140,95607,95608],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95610,95611,95612,2310,95616,91],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[308,95613,95615],{"href":95614},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[308,95617,95619],{"href":95618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[35,95621,164],{"id":163},[40,95623,95625],{"className":42,"code":95624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95626,95627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95628,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95630,15088],{"class":55},[49,95632,91],{"class":63},[49,95634,81390],{"class":94},[49,95636,108],{"class":63},[49,95638,22733],{"class":94},[49,95640,272],{"class":63},[20,95642,186],{},[137,95644,95645,95650,95653],{},[140,95646,55190,95647,95649],{},[15,95648,95490],{}," on an existing set",[140,95651,95652],{},"Pass exactly one item",[140,95654,95655,95656],{},"The item must be ",[30,95657,95658],{},"hashable",[20,95660,95661],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[137,95663,95664,95666,95668,95671],{},[140,95665,55743],{},[140,95667,55746],{},[140,95669,95670],{},"Tuples",[140,95672,40019],{},[35,95674,201],{"id":200},[20,95676,204],{},[40,95678,95680],{"className":42,"code":95679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95681,95682,95706,95724,95728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95683,95684,95686,95688,95690,95692,95694,95696,95698,95700,95702,95704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95685,12495],{"class":55},[49,95687,60],{"class":59},[49,95689,9923],{"class":63},[49,95691,347],{"class":346},[49,95693,12512],{"class":350},[49,95695,347],{"class":346},[49,95697,71],{"class":63},[49,95699,357],{"class":346},[49,95701,12529],{"class":350},[49,95703,347],{"class":346},[49,95705,8741],{"class":63},[49,95707,95708,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720,95722],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95709,16924],{"class":55},[49,95711,91],{"class":63},[49,95713,81390],{"class":94},[49,95715,108],{"class":63},[49,95717,347],{"class":346},[49,95719,16877],{"class":350},[49,95721,347],{"class":346},[49,95723,272],{"class":63},[49,95725,95726],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95727,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95729,95730,95732,95734,95736],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95731,105],{"class":104},[49,95733,108],{"class":63},[49,95735,16924],{"class":94},[49,95737,272],{"class":63},[20,95739,95740],{},[30,95741,29453],{},[40,95743,95745],{"className":42,"code":95744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95746,95747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95748,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95750,8710],{"class":63},[49,95752,2734],{"class":346},[49,95754,12512],{"class":350},[49,95756,2734],{"class":346},[49,95758,71],{"class":63},[49,95760,2729],{"class":346},[49,95762,16877],{"class":350},[49,95764,2734],{"class":346},[49,95766,71],{"class":63},[49,95768,2729],{"class":346},[49,95770,12529],{"class":350},[49,95772,2734],{"class":346},[49,95774,8741],{"class":63},[20,95776,95777,95778,95781],{},"The new value ",[15,95779,95780],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95783,95784,95785,95788],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,95786,95787],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95790,95791],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[40,95793,95795],{"className":42,"code":95794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95796,95797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95798,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813,95815,95817,95819,95821,95823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95800,8710],{"class":63},[49,95802,2734],{"class":346},[49,95804,12529],{"class":350},[49,95806,2734],{"class":346},[49,95808,71],{"class":63},[49,95810,2729],{"class":346},[49,95812,12512],{"class":350},[49,95814,2734],{"class":346},[49,95816,71],{"class":63},[49,95818,2729],{"class":346},[49,95820,16877],{"class":350},[49,95822,2734],{"class":346},[49,95824,8741],{"class":63},[20,95826,95827],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[35,95829,95831],{"id":95830},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95833,95834],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[40,95836,95838],{"className":42,"code":95837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95839,95840,95860,95874,95878],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95841,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95843,214],{"class":55},[49,95845,60],{"class":59},[49,95847,9923],{"class":63},[49,95849,68],{"class":67},[49,95851,71],{"class":63},[49,95853,74],{"class":67},[49,95855,71],{"class":63},[49,95857,79],{"class":67},[49,95859,8741],{"class":63},[49,95861,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95863,249],{"class":55},[49,95865,91],{"class":63},[49,95867,81390],{"class":94},[49,95869,108],{"class":63},[49,95871,1488],{"class":67},[49,95873,272],{"class":63},[49,95875,95876],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95877,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95879,95880,95882,95884,95886],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95881,105],{"class":104},[49,95883,108],{"class":63},[49,95885,249],{"class":94},[49,95887,272],{"class":63},[20,95889,95890],{},[30,95891,275],{},[40,95893,95895],{"className":42,"code":95894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95896,95897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95898,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95900,8710],{"class":63},[49,95902,68],{"class":67},[49,95904,71],{"class":63},[49,95906,74],{"class":67},[49,95908,71],{"class":63},[49,95910,79],{"class":67},[49,95912,8741],{"class":63},[20,95914,95915,95916,95918],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,95917,1488],{}," was already present.",[35,95920,95922,10018,95924],{"id":95921},"add-vs-update",[15,95923,95490],{},[15,95925,14375],{},[20,95927,120,95928,95930,95931,91],{},[15,95929,95490],{}," when you want to add ",[30,95932,52082],{},[40,95934,95936],{"className":42,"code":95935,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,95937,95938,95962,95980,95984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95941,35513],{"class":55},[49,95943,60],{"class":59},[49,95945,9923],{"class":63},[49,95947,347],{"class":346},[49,95949,308],{"class":350},[49,95951,347],{"class":346},[49,95953,71],{"class":63},[49,95955,357],{"class":346},[49,95957,360],{"class":350},[49,95959,347],{"class":346},[49,95961,8741],{"class":63},[49,95963,95964,95966,95968,95970,95972,95974,95976,95978],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,95965,35566],{"class":55},[49,95967,91],{"class":63},[49,95969,81390],{"class":94},[49,95971,108],{"class":63},[49,95973,347],{"class":346},[49,95975,369],{"class":350},[49,95977,347],{"class":346},[49,95979,272],{"class":63},[49,95981,95982],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,95983,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,95985,95986,95988,95990,95992],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,95987,105],{"class":104},[49,95989,108],{"class":63},[49,95991,35566],{"class":94},[49,95993,272],{"class":63},[20,95995,120,95996,95930,95998,96001],{},[15,95997,14375],{},[30,95999,96000],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[40,96003,96005],{"className":42,"code":96004,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96006,96007,96031,96065,96069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96008,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027,96029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96010,35513],{"class":55},[49,96012,60],{"class":59},[49,96014,9923],{"class":63},[49,96016,347],{"class":346},[49,96018,308],{"class":350},[49,96020,347],{"class":346},[49,96022,71],{"class":63},[49,96024,357],{"class":346},[49,96026,360],{"class":350},[49,96028,347],{"class":346},[49,96030,8741],{"class":63},[49,96032,96033,96035,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96034,35566],{"class":55},[49,96036,91],{"class":63},[49,96038,29887],{"class":94},[49,96040,2418],{"class":63},[49,96042,347],{"class":346},[49,96044,369],{"class":350},[49,96046,347],{"class":346},[49,96048,71],{"class":63},[49,96050,357],{"class":346},[49,96052,18190],{"class":350},[49,96054,347],{"class":346},[49,96056,71],{"class":63},[49,96058,357],{"class":346},[49,96060,59730],{"class":350},[49,96062,347],{"class":346},[49,96064,3319],{"class":63},[49,96066,96067],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96068,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96070,96071,96073,96075,96077],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96072,105],{"class":104},[49,96074,108],{"class":63},[49,96076,35566],{"class":94},[49,96078,272],{"class":63},[528,96080,96082],{"id":96081},"key-difference","Key difference",[137,96084,96085,96090],{},[140,96086,96087,96089],{},[15,96088,95490],{}," adds one item",[140,96091,96092,96094],{},[15,96093,14375],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96096,96097,96098,91],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[308,96099,96101,96102,736],{"href":96100},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96103,14375],{},[35,96105,315],{"id":314},[20,96107,96108,320,96110,91],{},[15,96109,95495],{},[15,96111,323],{},[20,96113,96114,96115,96117],{},"That means you should ",[30,96116,329],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[528,96119,96121],{"id":96120},"correct","Correct",[40,96123,96125],{"className":42,"code":96124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96126,96127,96147,96161,96165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96128,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96130,15050],{"class":55},[49,96132,60],{"class":59},[49,96134,9923],{"class":63},[49,96136,68],{"class":67},[49,96138,71],{"class":63},[49,96140,74],{"class":67},[49,96142,71],{"class":63},[49,96144,79],{"class":67},[49,96146,8741],{"class":63},[49,96148,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96150,15088],{"class":55},[49,96152,91],{"class":63},[49,96154,81390],{"class":94},[49,96156,108],{"class":63},[49,96158,1936],{"class":67},[49,96160,272],{"class":63},[49,96162,96163],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96164,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96166,96167,96169,96171,96173],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96168,105],{"class":104},[49,96170,108],{"class":63},[49,96172,15088],{"class":94},[49,96174,272],{"class":63},[528,96176,96177],{"id":61052},"Wrong",[40,96179,96181],{"className":42,"code":96180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96182,96183,96203,96222,96226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96184,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96186,15050],{"class":55},[49,96188,60],{"class":59},[49,96190,9923],{"class":63},[49,96192,68],{"class":67},[49,96194,71],{"class":63},[49,96196,74],{"class":67},[49,96198,71],{"class":63},[49,96200,79],{"class":67},[49,96202,8741],{"class":63},[49,96204,96205,96207,96209,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96206,15050],{"class":55},[49,96208,60],{"class":59},[49,96210,96211],{"class":55}," my_set",[49,96213,91],{"class":63},[49,96215,81390],{"class":94},[49,96217,108],{"class":63},[49,96219,1936],{"class":67},[49,96221,272],{"class":63},[49,96223,96224],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96225,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96227,96228,96230,96232,96234],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96229,105],{"class":104},[49,96231,108],{"class":63},[49,96233,15088],{"class":94},[49,96235,272],{"class":63},[20,96237,96238],{},[30,96239,275],{},[40,96241,96242],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,96243,96244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96245,96246],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96247,11232],{"class":3281},[20,96249,96250],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[35,96252,96254],{"id":96253},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96256,96257],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[137,96259,96260,96262,96264,96266],{},[140,96261,55743],{},[140,96263,55746],{},[140,96265,95670],{},[140,96267,40019],{},[20,96269,761],{},[40,96271,96273],{"className":42,"code":96272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96274,96275,96285,96289,96303,96321,96339,96353,96357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96276,96277,96279,96281,96283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96278,56],{"class":55},[49,96280,60],{"class":59},[49,96282,15055],{"class":1174},[49,96284,98],{"class":63},[49,96286,96287],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96288,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96290,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96292,88],{"class":55},[49,96294,91],{"class":63},[49,96296,81390],{"class":94},[49,96298,108],{"class":63},[49,96300,221],{"class":67},[49,96302,272],{"class":63},[49,96304,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96306,88],{"class":55},[49,96308,91],{"class":63},[49,96310,81390],{"class":94},[49,96312,108],{"class":63},[49,96314,347],{"class":346},[49,96316,1121],{"class":350},[49,96318,347],{"class":346},[49,96320,272],{"class":63},[49,96322,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,96324,88],{"class":55},[49,96326,91],{"class":63},[49,96328,81390],{"class":94},[49,96330,4943],{"class":63},[49,96332,68],{"class":67},[49,96334,71],{"class":63},[49,96336,74],{"class":67},[49,96338,1182],{"class":63},[49,96340,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,96342,88],{"class":55},[49,96344,91],{"class":63},[49,96346,81390],{"class":94},[49,96348,108],{"class":63},[49,96350,3039],{"class":3281},[49,96352,272],{"class":63},[49,96354,96355],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,96356,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96358,96359,96361,96363,96365],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,96360,105],{"class":104},[49,96362,108],{"class":63},[49,96364,88],{"class":94},[49,96366,272],{"class":63},[20,96368,96369],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[137,96371,96372,96375,96378],{},[140,96373,96374],{},"Lists",[140,96376,96377],{},"Dictionaries",[140,96379,96380],{},"Sets",[20,96382,96383],{},"Example that causes an error:",[40,96385,96387],{"className":42,"code":96386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96388,96389,96409],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96390,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96392,56],{"class":55},[49,96394,60],{"class":59},[49,96396,9923],{"class":63},[49,96398,68],{"class":67},[49,96400,71],{"class":63},[49,96402,74],{"class":67},[49,96404,71],{"class":63},[49,96406,79],{"class":67},[49,96408,8741],{"class":63},[49,96410,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96412,88],{"class":55},[49,96414,91],{"class":63},[49,96416,81390],{"class":94},[49,96418,2418],{"class":63},[49,96420,1936],{"class":67},[49,96422,71],{"class":63},[49,96424,4036],{"class":67},[49,96426,3319],{"class":63},[20,96428,96429],{},[30,96430,29104],{},[40,96432,96434],{"className":42,"code":96433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96435,96436],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96437,96438,96440,96442,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96439,2437],{"class":1174},[49,96441,135],{"class":63},[49,96443,96444],{"class":55}," unhashable ",[49,96446,1175],{"class":1174},[49,96448,135],{"class":63},[49,96450,2729],{"class":346},[49,96452,7526],{"class":350},[49,96454,29123],{"class":346},[20,96456,96457],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96459,96460,96461,91],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96462,96463],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[35,96465,2261],{"id":2260},[20,96467,14154,96468,135],{},[15,96469,95495],{},[137,96471,96472,96477,96482,96485,96492],{},[140,96473,1092,96474,96476],{},[15,96475,95490],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[140,96478,1011,96479,96481],{},[15,96480,95490],{}," to return the updated set",[140,96483,96484],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[140,96486,36627,96487,96489,96490],{},[15,96488,95495],{}," with list ",[15,96491,52078],{},[140,96493,96494],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96496,70790],{},[40,96498,96500],{"className":42,"code":96499,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96501,96502,96512,96526,96536,96550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96503,96504,96506,96508,96510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96505,105],{"class":104},[49,96507,108],{"class":63},[49,96509,15088],{"class":94},[49,96511,272],{"class":63},[49,96513,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96515,105],{"class":104},[49,96517,108],{"class":63},[49,96519,1175],{"class":1174},[49,96521,108],{"class":63},[49,96523,15088],{"class":94},[49,96525,1182],{"class":63},[49,96527,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96529,105],{"class":104},[49,96531,108],{"class":63},[49,96533,1904],{"class":94},[49,96535,272],{"class":63},[49,96537,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96539,105],{"class":104},[49,96541,108],{"class":63},[49,96543,1175],{"class":1174},[49,96545,108],{"class":63},[49,96547,1904],{"class":94},[49,96549,1182],{"class":63},[49,96551,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,96553,31575],{"class":104},[49,96555,108],{"class":63},[49,96557,5720],{"class":1174},[49,96559,91],{"class":63},[49,96561,81390],{"class":915},[49,96563,272],{"class":63},[20,96565,96566,96567,96569,96570,91],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96568,95495],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[308,96571,52473],{"href":96572},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[35,96574,1253],{"id":1252},[528,96576,1257,96578,96580],{"id":96577},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96579,95495],{}," return a new set?",[20,96582,96583,96584,91],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96585,323],{},[528,96587,96589],{"id":96588},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96591,96592],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[528,96594,96596],{"id":96595},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96598,120,96599,871,96602,91],{},[15,96600,96601],{},"set.update()",[15,96603,95490],{},[528,96605,96607],{"id":96606},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96609,96610,96611,91],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96612,2437],{},[35,96614,1309],{"id":1308},[137,96616,96617,96621,96626],{},[140,96618,96619],{},[308,96620,95615],{"href":95614},[140,96622,96623],{},[308,96624,96625],{"href":95618},"How to create a set in Python",[140,96627,96628],{},[308,96629,96101,96630,736],{"href":96100},[15,96631,14375],{},[20,96633,96634,96635,96637],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96636,95490],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1352,96639,96640],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":96642},[96643,96644,96646,96647,96648,96649,96653,96657,96658,96659,96666],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":95587,"depth":85,"text":96645},"What set.add() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":95830,"depth":85,"text":95831},{"id":95921,"depth":85,"text":96650,"children":96651},"add() vs update()",[96652],{"id":96081,"depth":101,"text":96082},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315,"children":96654},[96655,96656],{"id":96120,"depth":101,"text":96121},{"id":61052,"depth":101,"text":96177},{"id":96253,"depth":85,"text":96254},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":96660},[96661,96663,96664,96665],{"id":96577,"depth":101,"text":96662},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96588,"depth":101,"text":96589},{"id":96595,"depth":101,"text":96596},{"id":96606,"depth":101,"text":96607},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95481,"description":96667},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96674,"title":96675,"body":96676,"description":97845,"extension":1392,"meta":97846,"navigation":243,"path":97847,"seo":97848,"stem":97849,"__hash__":97850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96677,"toc":97812},[96678,96683,96689,96696,96741,96743,96754,96759,96764,96768,96782,96787,96789,96791,96806,96808,96822,96824,96826,96891,96893,96903,96905,96923,96929,96936,96941,97015,97017,97034,97040,97045,97116,97118,97145,97162,97165,97171,97173,97180,97184,97251,97253,97268,97271,97324,97326,97334,97346,97348,97352,97357,97359,97408,97410,97418,97420,97465,97467,97477,97483,97491,97504,97510,97512,97541,97543,97561,97565,97568,97599,97601,97619,97623,97698,97700,97716,97723,97725,97730,97735,97741,97744,97748,97756,97763,97771,97773,97809],[10,96679,95487,96681,18],{"id":96680},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96682,17],{},[20,96684,96685,96688],{},[15,96686,96687],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96690,96691,96692,96695],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,96693,96694],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[40,96697,96699],{"className":42,"code":96698,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96700,96701,96721,96731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96702,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96704,214],{"class":55},[49,96706,60],{"class":59},[49,96708,9923],{"class":63},[49,96710,68],{"class":67},[49,96712,71],{"class":63},[49,96714,74],{"class":67},[49,96716,71],{"class":63},[49,96718,79],{"class":67},[49,96720,8741],{"class":63},[49,96722,96723,96725,96727,96729],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96724,249],{"class":55},[49,96726,91],{"class":63},[49,96728,95],{"class":94},[49,96730,98],{"class":63},[49,96732,96733,96735,96737,96739],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96734,105],{"class":104},[49,96736,108],{"class":63},[49,96738,249],{"class":94},[49,96740,272],{"class":63},[20,96742,275],{},[40,96744,96746],{"className":42,"code":96745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n",[15,96747,96748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96749,96750,96752],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96751,5720],{"class":1174},[49,96753,98],{"class":63},[20,96755,96756,96758],{},[15,96757,17],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[35,96760,127,96762,130],{"id":96761},"what-setclear-does",[15,96763,96687],{},[20,96765,1409,96766,10840],{},[15,96767,17],{},[137,96769,96770,96773,96775,96779],{},[140,96771,96772],{},"Removes every item from a set",[140,96774,95602],{},[140,96776,10851,96777],{},[15,96778,323],{},[140,96780,96781],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96783,95611,96784,70889],{},[308,96785,95615],{"href":96786},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[35,96788,164],{"id":163},[20,96790,167],{},[40,96792,96794],{"className":42,"code":96793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96795,96796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96797,96798,96800,96802,96804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96799,15088],{"class":55},[49,96801,91],{"class":63},[49,96803,95],{"class":94},[49,96805,98],{"class":63},[20,96807,12471],{},[137,96809,96810,96813,96816,96819],{},[140,96811,96812],{},"It takes no arguments",[140,96814,96815],{},"It empties the set",[140,96817,96818],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[140,96820,96821],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[35,96823,201],{"id":200},[20,96825,204],{},[40,96827,96829],{"className":42,"code":96828,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96830,96831,96863,96867,96877,96881],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96832,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96834,12495],{"class":55},[49,96836,60],{"class":59},[49,96838,9923],{"class":63},[49,96840,347],{"class":346},[49,96842,12512],{"class":350},[49,96844,347],{"class":346},[49,96846,71],{"class":63},[49,96848,357],{"class":346},[49,96850,16877],{"class":350},[49,96852,347],{"class":346},[49,96854,71],{"class":63},[49,96856,357],{"class":346},[49,96858,12529],{"class":350},[49,96860,347],{"class":346},[49,96862,8741],{"class":63},[49,96864,96865],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96866,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96868,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96870,16924],{"class":55},[49,96872,91],{"class":63},[49,96874,95],{"class":94},[49,96876,98],{"class":63},[49,96878,96879],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96880,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96882,96883,96885,96887,96889],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,96884,105],{"class":104},[49,96886,108],{"class":63},[49,96888,16924],{"class":94},[49,96890,272],{"class":63},[20,96892,275],{},[40,96894,96895],{"className":42,"code":96745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,96896,96897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96898,96899,96901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96900,5720],{"class":1174},[49,96902,98],{"class":63},[20,96904,287],{},[137,96906,96907,96912,96917],{},[140,96908,96909,96911],{},[15,96910,16924],{}," starts with three values",[140,96913,96914,11120],{},[15,96915,96916],{},"colors.clear()",[140,96918,96919,96920,96922],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,96921,3226],{},", which means an empty set",[35,96924,96926,96928],{"id":96925},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,96927,17],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,96930,96931,618,96933,96935],{},[15,96932,17],{},[15,96934,3226],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[528,96937,1092,96939],{"id":96938},"using-clear",[15,96940,17],{},[40,96942,96944],{"className":42,"code":96943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,96945,96946,96966,96976,96980,96990,96994,97004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96947,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96949,56],{"class":55},[49,96951,60],{"class":59},[49,96953,9923],{"class":63},[49,96955,68],{"class":67},[49,96957,71],{"class":63},[49,96959,74],{"class":67},[49,96961,71],{"class":63},[49,96963,79],{"class":67},[49,96965,8741],{"class":63},[49,96967,96968,96971,96973],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,96969,96970],{"class":55},"other_name ",[49,96972,60],{"class":59},[49,96974,96975],{"class":55}," items\n",[49,96977,96978],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,96979,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96981,96982,96984,96986,96988],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,96983,88],{"class":55},[49,96985,91],{"class":63},[49,96987,95],{"class":94},[49,96989,98],{"class":63},[49,96991,96992],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,96993,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,96995,96996,96998,97000,97002],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,96997,105],{"class":104},[49,96999,108],{"class":63},[49,97001,88],{"class":94},[49,97003,272],{"class":63},[49,97005,97006,97008,97010,97013],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,97007,105],{"class":104},[49,97009,108],{"class":63},[49,97011,97012],{"class":94},"other_name",[49,97014,272],{"class":63},[20,97016,275],{},[40,97018,97020],{"className":42,"code":97019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97021,97022,97028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97023,97024,97026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97025,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97027,98],{"class":63},[49,97029,97030,97032],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97031,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97033,98],{"class":63},[20,97035,97036,97037,91],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97038,97039],{},"same set object",[528,97041,1092,97043],{"id":97042},"using-set",[15,97044,3226],{},[40,97046,97048],{"className":42,"code":97047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97049,97050,97070,97078,97082,97092,97096,97106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97053,56],{"class":55},[49,97055,60],{"class":59},[49,97057,9923],{"class":63},[49,97059,68],{"class":67},[49,97061,71],{"class":63},[49,97063,74],{"class":67},[49,97065,71],{"class":63},[49,97067,79],{"class":67},[49,97069,8741],{"class":63},[49,97071,97072,97074,97076],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97073,96970],{"class":55},[49,97075,60],{"class":59},[49,97077,96975],{"class":55},[49,97079,97080],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97081,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97083,97084,97086,97088,97090],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,97085,56],{"class":55},[49,97087,60],{"class":59},[49,97089,15055],{"class":1174},[49,97091,98],{"class":63},[49,97093,97094],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,97095,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97097,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,97099,105],{"class":104},[49,97101,108],{"class":63},[49,97103,88],{"class":94},[49,97105,272],{"class":63},[49,97107,97108,97110,97112,97114],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,97109,105],{"class":104},[49,97111,108],{"class":63},[49,97113,97012],{"class":94},[49,97115,272],{"class":63},[20,97117,275],{},[40,97119,97121],{"className":42,"code":97120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97122,97123,97129],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97124,97125,97127],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97126,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97128,98],{"class":63},[49,97130,97131,97133,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97132,8710],{"class":63},[49,97134,68],{"class":67},[49,97136,71],{"class":63},[49,97138,74],{"class":67},[49,97140,71],{"class":63},[49,97142,79],{"class":67},[49,97144,8741],{"class":63},[20,97146,705,97147,92379,97150,97153,97154,91,97156,97158,97159,97161],{},[15,97148,97149],{},"items = set()",[30,97151,97152],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97155,88],{},[9278,97157],{},"\nBut ",[15,97160,97012],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97163,97164],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97166,97167,97168,91],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[308,97169,95619],{"href":97170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[35,97172,315],{"id":314},[20,97174,97175,13474,97177,97179],{},[15,97176,17],{},[30,97178,329],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97181,4579,97182,91],{},[15,97183,323],{},[40,97185,97187],{"className":42,"code":97186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97188,97189,97209,97213,97227,97231,97241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97190,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97192,214],{"class":55},[49,97194,60],{"class":59},[49,97196,9923],{"class":63},[49,97198,68],{"class":67},[49,97200,71],{"class":63},[49,97202,74],{"class":67},[49,97204,71],{"class":63},[49,97206,79],{"class":67},[49,97208,8741],{"class":63},[49,97210,97211],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97212,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223,97225],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97216,382],{"class":55},[49,97218,60],{"class":59},[49,97220,3695],{"class":55},[49,97222,91],{"class":63},[49,97224,95],{"class":94},[49,97226,98],{"class":63},[49,97228,97229],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,97230,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97232,97233,97235,97237,97239],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,97234,105],{"class":104},[49,97236,108],{"class":63},[49,97238,420],{"class":94},[49,97240,272],{"class":63},[49,97242,97243,97245,97247,97249],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,97244,105],{"class":104},[49,97246,108],{"class":63},[49,97248,249],{"class":94},[49,97250,272],{"class":63},[20,97252,275],{},[40,97254,97256],{"className":42,"code":97255,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\nset()\n",[15,97257,97258,97262],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97259,97260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97261,11232],{"class":3281},[49,97263,97264,97266],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97265,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97267,98],{"class":63},[20,97269,97270],{},"Do not do this:",[40,97272,97274],{"className":42,"code":97273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97275,97276,97296,97310,97314],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292,97294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97279,214],{"class":55},[49,97281,60],{"class":59},[49,97283,9923],{"class":63},[49,97285,68],{"class":67},[49,97287,71],{"class":63},[49,97289,74],{"class":67},[49,97291,71],{"class":63},[49,97293,79],{"class":67},[49,97295,8741],{"class":63},[49,97297,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97299,214],{"class":55},[49,97301,60],{"class":59},[49,97303,3695],{"class":55},[49,97305,91],{"class":63},[49,97307,95],{"class":94},[49,97309,98],{"class":63},[49,97311,97312],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97313,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97315,97316,97318,97320,97322],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,97317,105],{"class":104},[49,97319,108],{"class":63},[49,97321,249],{"class":94},[49,97323,272],{"class":63},[20,97325,275],{},[40,97327,97328],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97329,97330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97331,97332],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97333,11232],{"class":3281},[20,97335,21611,97336,320,97338,97340,97341,97343,97344,91],{},[15,97337,299],{},[15,97339,323],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97342,323],{}," back to ",[15,97345,249],{},[35,97347,863],{"id":862},[20,97349,10179,97350,91],{},[15,97351,96687],{},[528,97353,12017,97355],{"id":97354},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97356,17],{},[20,97358,16066],{},[40,97360,97362],{"className":42,"code":97361,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97363,97364,97384,97398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97365,97366,97368,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97367,15050],{"class":55},[49,97369,60],{"class":59},[49,97371,9923],{"class":63},[49,97373,68],{"class":67},[49,97375,71],{"class":63},[49,97377,74],{"class":67},[49,97379,71],{"class":63},[49,97381,79],{"class":67},[49,97383,8741],{"class":63},[49,97385,97386,97388,97390,97392,97394,97396],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97387,15050],{"class":55},[49,97389,60],{"class":59},[49,97391,96211],{"class":55},[49,97393,91],{"class":63},[49,97395,95],{"class":94},[49,97397,98],{"class":63},[49,97399,97400,97402,97404,97406],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97401,105],{"class":104},[49,97403,108],{"class":63},[49,97405,15088],{"class":94},[49,97407,272],{"class":63},[20,97409,275],{},[40,97411,97412],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97413,97414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97415,97416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97417,11232],{"class":3281},[20,97419,16078],{},[40,97421,97423],{"className":42,"code":97422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97424,97425,97445,97455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97428,15050],{"class":55},[49,97430,60],{"class":59},[49,97432,9923],{"class":63},[49,97434,68],{"class":67},[49,97436,71],{"class":63},[49,97438,74],{"class":67},[49,97440,71],{"class":63},[49,97442,79],{"class":67},[49,97444,8741],{"class":63},[49,97446,97447,97449,97451,97453],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97448,15088],{"class":55},[49,97450,91],{"class":63},[49,97452,95],{"class":94},[49,97454,98],{"class":63},[49,97456,97457,97459,97461,97463],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97458,105],{"class":104},[49,97460,108],{"class":63},[49,97462,15088],{"class":94},[49,97464,272],{"class":63},[20,97466,275],{},[40,97468,97469],{"className":42,"code":96745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97470,97471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97472,97473,97475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97474,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97476,98],{"class":63},[528,97478,1011,97480,97482],{"id":97479},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97481,17],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97484,97485,97487,97488,97490],{},[15,97486,17],{}," removes ",[30,97489,3146],{}," items from the set.",[20,97492,97493,97494,2310,97499,91],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[308,97495,97497],{"href":97496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97498,1335],{},[308,97500,97502],{"href":97501},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97503,1328],{},[528,97505,1092,97507,97509],{"id":97506},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97508,3221],{}," for an empty set",[20,97511,25113],{},[40,97513,97515],{"className":42,"code":97514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97516,97517,97526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97518,97519,97522,97524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97520,97521],{"class":55},"empty_value ",[49,97523,60],{"class":59},[49,97525,9270],{"class":63},[49,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536,97539],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97529,105],{"class":104},[49,97531,108],{"class":63},[49,97533,1175],{"class":1174},[49,97535,108],{"class":63},[49,97537,97538],{"class":94},"empty_value",[49,97540,1182],{"class":63},[20,97542,275],{},[40,97544,97545],{"className":42,"code":8239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97546,97547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97548,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97550,2723],{"class":59},[49,97552,2726],{"class":1497},[49,97554,2729],{"class":346},[49,97556,8252],{"class":350},[49,97558,2734],{"class":346},[49,97560,2737],{"class":59},[20,97562,97563,8219],{},[15,97564,3221],{},[20,97566,97567],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[40,97569,97571],{"className":42,"code":97570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97572,97573,97584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97574,97575,97578,97580,97582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97576,97577],{"class":55},"empty_set ",[49,97579,60],{"class":59},[49,97581,15055],{"class":1174},[49,97583,98],{"class":63},[49,97585,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97597],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97587,105],{"class":104},[49,97589,108],{"class":63},[49,97591,1175],{"class":1174},[49,97593,108],{"class":63},[49,97595,97596],{"class":94},"empty_set",[49,97598,1182],{"class":63},[20,97600,275],{},[40,97602,97603],{"className":42,"code":8283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97604,97605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97606,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97608,2723],{"class":59},[49,97610,2726],{"class":1497},[49,97612,2729],{"class":346},[49,97614,5720],{"class":350},[49,97616,2734],{"class":346},[49,97618,2737],{"class":59},[528,97620,97622],{"id":97621},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[40,97624,97626],{"className":42,"code":97625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97627,97628,97652,97660,97664,97674,97678,97688],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97629,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97631,543],{"class":55},[49,97633,60],{"class":59},[49,97635,9923],{"class":63},[49,97637,347],{"class":346},[49,97639,1606],{"class":350},[49,97641,347],{"class":346},[49,97643,71],{"class":63},[49,97645,357],{"class":346},[49,97647,11169],{"class":350},[49,97649,347],{"class":346},[49,97651,8741],{"class":63},[49,97653,97654,97656,97658],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97655,564],{"class":55},[49,97657,60],{"class":59},[49,97659,569],{"class":55},[49,97661,97662],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97663,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97665,97666,97668,97670,97672],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,97667,308],{"class":55},[49,97669,91],{"class":63},[49,97671,95],{"class":94},[49,97673,98],{"class":63},[49,97675,97676],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,97677,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97679,97680,97682,97684,97686],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,97681,105],{"class":104},[49,97683,108],{"class":63},[49,97685,308],{"class":94},[49,97687,272],{"class":63},[49,97689,97690,97692,97694,97696],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,97691,105],{"class":104},[49,97693,108],{"class":63},[49,97695,360],{"class":94},[49,97697,272],{"class":63},[20,97699,275],{},[40,97701,97702],{"className":42,"code":97019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97703,97704,97710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97705,97706,97708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97707,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97709,98],{"class":63},[49,97711,97712,97714],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97713,5720],{"class":1174},[49,97715,98],{"class":63},[20,97717,28484,97718,618,97720,97722],{},[15,97719,308],{},[15,97721,360],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[35,97724,1253],{"id":1252},[528,97726,4573,97728,4576],{"id":97727},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97729,96687],{},[20,97731,4579,97732,97734],{},[15,97733,323],{},". It empties the set in place.",[528,97736,1257,97738,97740],{"id":97737},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97739,17],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97742,97743],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[528,97745,97747],{"id":97746},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97749,97750,97751,97753,97754,91],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97752,17],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97755,3226],{},[528,97757,1279,97759,618,97761,1284],{"id":97758},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97760,17],{},[15,97762,3226],{},[20,97764,97765,97767,97768,97770],{},[15,97766,17],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97769,3226],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[35,97772,1309],{"id":1308},[137,97774,97775,97779,97783,97790,97796,97802],{},[140,97776,97777],{},[308,97778,95615],{"href":96786},[140,97780,97781],{},[308,97782,96625],{"href":97170},[140,97784,97785],{},[308,97786,96101,97788,736],{"href":97787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97789,95490],{},[140,97791,97792],{},[308,97793,96101,97794,736],{"href":97496},[15,97795,1335],{},[140,97797,97798],{},[308,97799,96101,97800,736],{"href":97501},[15,97801,1328],{},[140,97803,97804],{},[308,97805,96101,97807,736],{"href":97806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97808,14375],{},[1352,97810,97811],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":97813},[97814,97816,97817,97818,97825,97826,97835,97844],{"id":96761,"depth":85,"text":97815},"What set.clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":96925,"depth":85,"text":97819,"children":97820},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97821,97823],{"id":96938,"depth":101,"text":97822},"Using clear()",{"id":97042,"depth":101,"text":97824},"Using set()",{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":97827},[97828,97830,97832,97834],{"id":97354,"depth":101,"text":97829},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97479,"depth":101,"text":97831},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97506,"depth":101,"text":97833},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97621,"depth":101,"text":97622},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":97836},[97837,97839,97841,97842],{"id":97727,"depth":101,"text":97838},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97737,"depth":101,"text":97840},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97746,"depth":101,"text":97747},{"id":97758,"depth":101,"text":97843},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96675,"description":97845},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97852,"title":97853,"body":97854,"description":99686,"extension":1392,"meta":99687,"navigation":243,"path":95618,"seo":99688,"stem":99689,"__hash__":99690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97855,"toc":99643},[97856,97859,97862,97865,97867,97970,97974,98021,98027,98029,98048,98052,98055,98057,98071,98080,98084,98087,98122,98126,98146,98149,98153,98156,98217,98221,98246,98253,98259,98264,98266,98278,98282,98331,98335,98359,98366,98370,98411,98415,98436,98440,98473,98477,98518,98521,98525,98530,98569,98573,98598,98603,98609,98646,98650,98673,98677,98679,98682,98685,98762,98766,98803,98806,98810,98816,98819,98829,98878,98884,98890,98917,98920,98942,98944,98975,98978,98982,98986,99025,99029,99092,99095,99128,99132,99157,99159,99162,99168,99171,99198,99201,99219,99223,99227,99230,99273,99276,99280,99283,99286,99316,99319,99323,99326,99341,99346,99350,99353,99442,99444,99447,99537,99540,99558,99560,99564,99574,99578,99586,99590,99593,99597,99600,99604,99607,99609,99637,99640],[10,97857,97853],{"id":97858},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97860,97861],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97863,97864],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[35,97866,38],{"id":37},[40,97868,97870],{"className":42,"code":97869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97871,97872,97892,97926,97936,97940,97950,97960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97873,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888,97890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97875,214],{"class":55},[49,97877,60],{"class":59},[49,97879,9923],{"class":63},[49,97881,68],{"class":67},[49,97883,71],{"class":63},[49,97885,74],{"class":67},[49,97887,71],{"class":63},[49,97889,79],{"class":67},[49,97891,8741],{"class":63},[49,97893,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902,97904,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97895,3501],{"class":55},[49,97897,60],{"class":59},[49,97899,15055],{"class":1174},[49,97901,2418],{"class":63},[49,97903,347],{"class":346},[49,97905,3510],{"class":350},[49,97907,347],{"class":346},[49,97909,71],{"class":63},[49,97911,357],{"class":346},[49,97913,3519],{"class":350},[49,97915,347],{"class":346},[49,97917,71],{"class":63},[49,97919,357],{"class":346},[49,97921,3510],{"class":350},[49,97923,347],{"class":346},[49,97925,3319],{"class":63},[49,97927,97928,97930,97932,97934],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,97929,97577],{"class":55},[49,97931,60],{"class":59},[49,97933,15055],{"class":1174},[49,97935,98],{"class":63},[49,97937,97938],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,97939,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,97941,97942,97944,97946,97948],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,97943,105],{"class":104},[49,97945,108],{"class":63},[49,97947,249],{"class":94},[49,97949,272],{"class":63},[49,97951,97952,97954,97956,97958],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,97953,105],{"class":104},[49,97955,108],{"class":63},[49,97957,3545],{"class":94},[49,97959,272],{"class":63},[49,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,97963,105],{"class":104},[49,97965,108],{"class":63},[49,97967,97596],{"class":94},[49,97969,272],{"class":63},[20,97971,97972],{},[30,97973,275],{},[40,97975,97977],{"className":42,"code":97976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,97978,97979,97995,98015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97980,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991,97993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97982,8710],{"class":63},[49,97984,68],{"class":67},[49,97986,71],{"class":63},[49,97988,74],{"class":67},[49,97990,71],{"class":63},[49,97992,79],{"class":67},[49,97994,8741],{"class":63},[49,97996,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,97998,8710],{"class":63},[49,98000,2734],{"class":346},[49,98002,3519],{"class":350},[49,98004,2734],{"class":346},[49,98006,71],{"class":63},[49,98008,2729],{"class":346},[49,98010,3510],{"class":350},[49,98012,2734],{"class":346},[49,98014,8741],{"class":63},[49,98016,98017,98019],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,98018,5720],{"class":1174},[49,98020,98],{"class":63},[20,98022,98023,98024,98026],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98025,3226],{}," for an empty set.",[35,98028,14584],{"id":14583},[137,98030,98031,98034,98039,98042,98045],{},[140,98032,98033],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[140,98035,98036,98037],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98038,3226],{},[140,98040,98041],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[140,98043,98044],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[140,98046,98047],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[35,98049,98051],{"id":98050},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98053,98054],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98056,29963],{},[137,98058,98059,98062,98065,98068],{},[140,98060,98061],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[140,98063,98064],{},"Sets are unordered",[140,98066,98067],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[140,98069,98070],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98072,98073,98074,2310,98076,91],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[308,98075,95615],{"href":96786},[308,98077,98079],{"href":98078},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[35,98081,98083],{"id":98082},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98085,98086],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[40,98088,98090],{"className":42,"code":98089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98091,98092,98112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98093,98094,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106,98108,98110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98095,214],{"class":55},[49,98097,60],{"class":59},[49,98099,9923],{"class":63},[49,98101,68],{"class":67},[49,98103,71],{"class":63},[49,98105,74],{"class":67},[49,98107,71],{"class":63},[49,98109,79],{"class":67},[49,98111,8741],{"class":63},[49,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98115,105],{"class":104},[49,98117,108],{"class":63},[49,98119,249],{"class":94},[49,98121,272],{"class":63},[20,98123,98124],{},[30,98125,29453],{},[40,98127,98128],{"className":42,"code":95894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98129,98130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98131,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98133,8710],{"class":63},[49,98135,68],{"class":67},[49,98137,71],{"class":63},[49,98139,74],{"class":67},[49,98141,71],{"class":63},[49,98143,79],{"class":67},[49,98145,8741],{"class":63},[20,98147,98148],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[528,98150,98152],{"id":98151},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98154,98155],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[40,98157,98159],{"className":42,"code":98158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98160,98161,98193,98203],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98162,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98164,214],{"class":55},[49,98166,60],{"class":59},[49,98168,9923],{"class":63},[49,98170,68],{"class":67},[49,98172,71],{"class":63},[49,98174,74],{"class":67},[49,98176,71],{"class":63},[49,98178,74],{"class":67},[49,98180,71],{"class":63},[49,98182,79],{"class":67},[49,98184,71],{"class":63},[49,98186,79],{"class":67},[49,98188,71],{"class":63},[49,98190,79],{"class":67},[49,98192,8741],{"class":63},[49,98194,98195,98197,98199,98201],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98196,105],{"class":104},[49,98198,108],{"class":63},[49,98200,249],{"class":94},[49,98202,272],{"class":63},[49,98204,98205,98207,98209,98211,98213,98215],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,98206,105],{"class":104},[49,98208,108],{"class":63},[49,98210,10592],{"class":104},[49,98212,108],{"class":63},[49,98214,249],{"class":94},[49,98216,1182],{"class":63},[20,98218,98219],{},[30,98220,29453],{},[40,98222,98224],{"className":42,"code":98223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98225,98226,98242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98227,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98229,8710],{"class":63},[49,98231,68],{"class":67},[49,98233,71],{"class":63},[49,98235,74],{"class":67},[49,98237,71],{"class":63},[49,98239,79],{"class":67},[49,98241,8741],{"class":63},[49,98243,98244],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98245,46041],{"class":67},[20,98247,20399,98248,618,98250,98252],{},[15,98249,1488],{},[15,98251,1494],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[35,98254,98256,98257],{"id":98255},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98258,3226],{},[20,98260,120,98261,98263],{},[15,98262,3226],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98265,4889],{},[137,98267,98268,98270,98272,98274],{},[140,98269,96374],{},[140,98271,95670],{},[140,98273,55746],{},[140,98275,98276],{},[15,98277,35620],{},[528,98279,98281],{"id":98280},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[40,98283,98285],{"className":42,"code":98284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98286,98287,98321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98288,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98290,214],{"class":55},[49,98292,60],{"class":59},[49,98294,15055],{"class":1174},[49,98296,2418],{"class":63},[49,98298,68],{"class":67},[49,98300,71],{"class":63},[49,98302,74],{"class":67},[49,98304,71],{"class":63},[49,98306,74],{"class":67},[49,98308,71],{"class":63},[49,98310,79],{"class":67},[49,98312,71],{"class":63},[49,98314,79],{"class":67},[49,98316,71],{"class":63},[49,98318,1888],{"class":67},[49,98320,3319],{"class":63},[49,98322,98323,98325,98327,98329],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98324,105],{"class":104},[49,98326,108],{"class":63},[49,98328,249],{"class":94},[49,98330,272],{"class":63},[20,98332,98333],{},[30,98334,29453],{},[40,98336,98337],{"className":42,"code":95557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98338,98339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98342,8710],{"class":63},[49,98344,68],{"class":67},[49,98346,71],{"class":63},[49,98348,74],{"class":67},[49,98350,71],{"class":63},[49,98352,79],{"class":67},[49,98354,71],{"class":63},[49,98356,1888],{"class":67},[49,98358,8741],{"class":63},[20,98360,98361,98362,91],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[308,98363,98365],{"href":98364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[528,98367,98369],{"id":98368},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[40,98371,98373],{"className":42,"code":98372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98374,98375,98401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98376,98377,98379,98381,98383,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98378,3252],{"class":55},[49,98380,60],{"class":59},[49,98382,15055],{"class":1174},[49,98384,4943],{"class":63},[49,98386,221],{"class":67},[49,98388,71],{"class":63},[49,98390,226],{"class":67},[49,98392,71],{"class":63},[49,98394,226],{"class":67},[49,98396,71],{"class":63},[49,98398,231],{"class":67},[49,98400,1182],{"class":63},[49,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98404,105],{"class":104},[49,98406,108],{"class":63},[49,98408,4790],{"class":94},[49,98410,272],{"class":63},[20,98412,98413],{},[30,98414,29453],{},[40,98416,98418],{"className":42,"code":98417,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98419,98420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98423,8710],{"class":63},[49,98425,221],{"class":67},[49,98427,71],{"class":63},[49,98429,226],{"class":67},[49,98431,71],{"class":63},[49,98433,231],{"class":67},[49,98435,8741],{"class":63},[528,98437,98439],{"id":98438},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[40,98441,98443],{"className":42,"code":98442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98444,98445,98463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98446,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98448,35513],{"class":55},[49,98450,60],{"class":59},[49,98452,15055],{"class":1174},[49,98454,108],{"class":63},[49,98456,347],{"class":346},[49,98458,1121],{"class":350},[49,98460,347],{"class":346},[49,98462,272],{"class":63},[49,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98466,105],{"class":104},[49,98468,108],{"class":63},[49,98470,35566],{"class":94},[49,98472,272],{"class":63},[20,98474,98475],{},[30,98476,29453],{},[40,98478,98480],{"className":42,"code":98479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98481,98482],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504,98506,98508,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98485,8710],{"class":63},[49,98487,2734],{"class":346},[49,98489,59721],{"class":350},[49,98491,2734],{"class":346},[49,98493,71],{"class":63},[49,98495,2729],{"class":346},[49,98497,59730],{"class":350},[49,98499,2734],{"class":346},[49,98501,71],{"class":63},[49,98503,2729],{"class":346},[49,98505,59739],{"class":350},[49,98507,2734],{"class":346},[49,98509,71],{"class":63},[49,98511,2729],{"class":346},[49,98513,59756],{"class":350},[49,98515,2734],{"class":346},[49,98517,8741],{"class":63},[20,98519,98520],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[35,98522,98524],{"id":98523},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98526,98527,98528,91],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98529,3226],{},[40,98531,98533],{"className":42,"code":98532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98534,98535,98545,98555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98538,97577],{"class":55},[49,98540,60],{"class":59},[49,98542,15055],{"class":1174},[49,98544,98],{"class":63},[49,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98548,105],{"class":104},[49,98550,108],{"class":63},[49,98552,97596],{"class":94},[49,98554,272],{"class":63},[49,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,98558,105],{"class":104},[49,98560,108],{"class":63},[49,98562,1175],{"class":1174},[49,98564,108],{"class":63},[49,98566,97596],{"class":94},[49,98568,1182],{"class":63},[20,98570,98571],{},[30,98572,275],{},[40,98574,98576],{"className":42,"code":98575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98577,98578,98584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98579,98580,98582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98581,5720],{"class":1174},[49,98583,98],{"class":63},[49,98585,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98587,2723],{"class":59},[49,98589,2726],{"class":1497},[49,98591,2729],{"class":346},[49,98593,5720],{"class":350},[49,98595,2734],{"class":346},[49,98597,2737],{"class":59},[528,98599,43852,98601],{"id":98600},"do-not-use",[15,98602,3221],{},[20,98604,98605,98606,98608],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98607,329],{}," create a set.",[40,98610,98612],{"className":42,"code":98611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98613,98614,98622,98632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98615,98616,98618,98620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98617,97521],{"class":55},[49,98619,60],{"class":59},[49,98621,9270],{"class":63},[49,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98625,105],{"class":104},[49,98627,108],{"class":63},[49,98629,97538],{"class":94},[49,98631,272],{"class":63},[49,98633,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,98635,105],{"class":104},[49,98637,108],{"class":63},[49,98639,1175],{"class":1174},[49,98641,108],{"class":63},[49,98643,97538],{"class":94},[49,98645,1182],{"class":63},[20,98647,98648],{},[30,98649,275],{},[40,98651,98653],{"className":42,"code":98652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98654,98655,98659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98656,98657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98658,8867],{"class":63},[49,98660,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98662,2723],{"class":59},[49,98664,2726],{"class":1497},[49,98666,2729],{"class":346},[49,98668,8252],{"class":350},[49,98670,2734],{"class":346},[49,98672,2737],{"class":59},[20,98674,98675,8219],{},[15,98676,3221],{},[35,98678,71553],{"id":71552},[20,98680,98681],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98683,98684],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[40,98686,98688],{"className":42,"code":98687,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98689,98690,98738,98748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98691,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98693,3501],{"class":55},[49,98695,60],{"class":59},[49,98697,9923],{"class":63},[49,98699,347],{"class":346},[49,98701,3510],{"class":350},[49,98703,347],{"class":346},[49,98705,71],{"class":63},[49,98707,357],{"class":346},[49,98709,3519],{"class":350},[49,98711,347],{"class":346},[49,98713,71],{"class":63},[49,98715,357],{"class":346},[49,98717,3510],{"class":350},[49,98719,347],{"class":346},[49,98721,71],{"class":63},[49,98723,357],{"class":346},[49,98725,3510],{"class":350},[49,98727,347],{"class":346},[49,98729,71],{"class":63},[49,98731,357],{"class":346},[49,98733,32644],{"class":350},[49,98735,347],{"class":346},[49,98737,8741],{"class":63},[49,98739,98740,98742,98744,98746],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98741,105],{"class":104},[49,98743,108],{"class":63},[49,98745,3545],{"class":94},[49,98747,272],{"class":63},[49,98749,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,98751,105],{"class":104},[49,98753,108],{"class":63},[49,98755,10592],{"class":104},[49,98757,108],{"class":63},[49,98759,3545],{"class":94},[49,98761,1182],{"class":63},[20,98763,98764],{},[30,98765,29453],{},[40,98767,98769],{"className":42,"code":98768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98770,98771,98799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98772,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98774,8710],{"class":63},[49,98776,2734],{"class":346},[49,98778,3519],{"class":350},[49,98780,2734],{"class":346},[49,98782,71],{"class":63},[49,98784,2729],{"class":346},[49,98786,32644],{"class":350},[49,98788,2734],{"class":346},[49,98790,71],{"class":63},[49,98792,2729],{"class":346},[49,98794,3510],{"class":350},[49,98796,2734],{"class":346},[49,98798,8741],{"class":63},[49,98800,98801],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98802,46041],{"class":67},[20,98804,98805],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[35,98807,98809],{"id":98808},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98811,98812,98813,98815],{},"Set items must be ",[30,98814,95658],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98817,98818],{},"These usually work:",[137,98820,98821,98823,98825,98827],{},[140,98822,55743],{},[140,98824,55746],{},[140,98826,95670],{},[140,98828,40019],{},[40,98830,98832],{"className":42,"code":98831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98833,98834,98868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98835,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98837,3252],{"class":55},[49,98839,60],{"class":59},[49,98841,9923],{"class":63},[49,98843,68],{"class":67},[49,98845,71],{"class":63},[49,98847,357],{"class":346},[49,98849,3510],{"class":350},[49,98851,347],{"class":346},[49,98853,71],{"class":63},[49,98855,8668],{"class":63},[49,98857,221],{"class":67},[49,98859,71],{"class":63},[49,98861,226],{"class":67},[49,98863,8665],{"class":63},[49,98865,3346],{"class":3281},[49,98867,8741],{"class":63},[49,98869,98870,98872,98874,98876],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,98871,105],{"class":104},[49,98873,108],{"class":63},[49,98875,4790],{"class":94},[49,98877,272],{"class":63},[20,98879,98880,98881,98883],{},"These do ",[30,98882,329],{}," work directly:",[137,98885,98886,98888],{},[140,98887,96374],{},[140,98889,96377],{},[40,98891,98893],{"className":42,"code":98892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98894,98895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98896,98897,98900,98902,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98898,98899],{"class":55},"bad_set ",[49,98901,60],{"class":59},[49,98903,98904],{"class":63}," {[",[49,98906,68],{"class":67},[49,98908,71],{"class":63},[49,98910,74],{"class":67},[49,98912,71],{"class":63},[49,98914,79],{"class":67},[49,98916,13126],{"class":63},[20,98918,98919],{},"This raises an error:",[40,98921,98922],{"className":42,"code":96433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98923,98924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98925,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98927,2437],{"class":1174},[49,98929,135],{"class":63},[49,98931,96444],{"class":55},[49,98933,1175],{"class":1174},[49,98935,135],{"class":63},[49,98937,2729],{"class":346},[49,98939,7526],{"class":350},[49,98941,29123],{"class":346},[20,98943,51505],{},[40,98945,98947],{"className":42,"code":98946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,98948,98949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98950,98951,98953,98955,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98952,98899],{"class":55},[49,98954,60],{"class":59},[49,98956,98957],{"class":63}," {{",[49,98959,347],{"class":346},[49,98961,7103],{"class":350},[49,98963,347],{"class":346},[49,98965,135],{"class":63},[49,98967,357],{"class":346},[49,98969,7112],{"class":350},[49,98971,347],{"class":346},[49,98973,98974],{"class":63},"}}\n",[20,98976,98977],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,98979,98981],{"id":98980},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[528,98983,98985],{"id":98984},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[40,98987,98989],{"className":42,"code":98988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98990,98991,99015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98992,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98994,214],{"class":55},[49,98996,60],{"class":59},[49,98998,9923],{"class":63},[49,99000,68],{"class":67},[49,99002,71],{"class":63},[49,99004,74],{"class":67},[49,99006,71],{"class":63},[49,99008,79],{"class":67},[49,99010,71],{"class":63},[49,99012,1888],{"class":67},[49,99014,8741],{"class":63},[49,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99018,105],{"class":104},[49,99020,108],{"class":63},[49,99022,249],{"class":94},[49,99024,272],{"class":63},[528,99026,99028],{"id":99027},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[40,99030,99032],{"className":42,"code":99031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99033,99034,99062,99077,99081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99035,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99037,56],{"class":55},[49,99039,60],{"class":59},[49,99041,64],{"class":63},[49,99043,68],{"class":67},[49,99045,71],{"class":63},[49,99047,4930],{"class":67},[49,99049,71],{"class":63},[49,99051,74],{"class":67},[49,99053,71],{"class":63},[49,99055,79],{"class":67},[49,99057,71],{"class":63},[49,99059,79],{"class":67},[49,99061,82],{"class":63},[49,99063,99064,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99065,99066],{"class":55},"unique_items ",[49,99068,60],{"class":59},[49,99070,15055],{"class":1174},[49,99072,108],{"class":63},[49,99074,88],{"class":94},[49,99076,272],{"class":63},[49,99078,99079],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,99080,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,99082,99083,99085,99087,99090],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,99084,105],{"class":104},[49,99086,108],{"class":63},[49,99088,99089],{"class":94},"unique_items",[49,99091,272],{"class":63},[528,99093,98439],{"id":99094},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[40,99096,99098],{"className":42,"code":99097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99099,99100,99118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99101,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99103,35513],{"class":55},[49,99105,60],{"class":59},[49,99107,15055],{"class":1174},[49,99109,108],{"class":63},[49,99111,347],{"class":346},[49,99113,3519],{"class":350},[49,99115,347],{"class":346},[49,99117,272],{"class":63},[49,99119,99120,99122,99124,99126],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99121,105],{"class":104},[49,99123,108],{"class":63},[49,99125,35566],{"class":94},[49,99127,272],{"class":63},[528,99129,99131],{"id":99130},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[40,99133,99135],{"className":42,"code":99134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99136,99137,99147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99138,99139,99141,99143,99145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99140,97577],{"class":55},[49,99142,60],{"class":59},[49,99144,15055],{"class":1174},[49,99146,98],{"class":63},[49,99148,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99150,105],{"class":104},[49,99152,108],{"class":63},[49,99154,97596],{"class":94},[49,99156,272],{"class":63},[35,99158,2261],{"id":2260},[20,99160,99161],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[528,99163,1092,99165,99167],{"id":99164},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99166,3221],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99169,99170],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[40,99172,99174],{"className":42,"code":99173,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99175,99176,99184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99177,99178,99180,99182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99179,1878],{"class":55},[49,99181,60],{"class":59},[49,99183,9270],{"class":63},[49,99185,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99187,105],{"class":104},[49,99189,108],{"class":63},[49,99191,1175],{"class":1174},[49,99193,108],{"class":63},[49,99195,1904],{"class":94},[49,99197,1182],{"class":63},[20,99199,99200],{},"This prints:",[40,99202,99203],{"className":42,"code":8239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,99204,99205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99206,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215,99217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99208,2723],{"class":59},[49,99210,2726],{"class":1497},[49,99212,2729],{"class":346},[49,99214,8252],{"class":350},[49,99216,2734],{"class":346},[49,99218,2737],{"class":59},[20,99220,120,99221,6064],{},[15,99222,3226],{},[528,99224,99226],{"id":99225},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99228,99229],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[40,99231,99233],{"className":42,"code":99232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99234,99235,99263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99236,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99238,214],{"class":55},[49,99240,60],{"class":59},[49,99242,9923],{"class":63},[49,99244,68],{"class":67},[49,99246,71],{"class":63},[49,99248,4930],{"class":67},[49,99250,71],{"class":63},[49,99252,74],{"class":67},[49,99254,71],{"class":63},[49,99256,74],{"class":67},[49,99258,71],{"class":63},[49,99260,79],{"class":67},[49,99262,8741],{"class":63},[49,99264,99265,99267,99269,99271],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99266,105],{"class":104},[49,99268,108],{"class":63},[49,99270,249],{"class":94},[49,99272,272],{"class":63},[20,99274,99275],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[528,99277,99279],{"id":99278},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99281,99282],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99284,99285],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[40,99287,99289],{"className":42,"code":99288,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99290,99291,99311],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99292,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99294,214],{"class":55},[49,99296,60],{"class":59},[49,99298,9923],{"class":63},[49,99300,221],{"class":67},[49,99302,71],{"class":63},[49,99304,226],{"class":67},[49,99306,71],{"class":63},[49,99308,231],{"class":67},[49,99310,8741],{"class":63},[49,99312,99313],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99314,99315],{"class":116},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99317,99318],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[528,99320,99322],{"id":99321},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99324,99325],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[40,99327,99329],{"className":42,"code":99328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99330,99331,99336],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99332,99333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99334,99335],{"class":116},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[49,99337,99338],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99339,99340],{"class":116},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99342,99343,99344,91],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99345,2437],{},[528,99347,99349],{"id":99348},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99351,99352],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[40,99354,99356],{"className":42,"code":99355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99357,99358,99378,99410,99414,99428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99361,15050],{"class":55},[49,99363,60],{"class":59},[49,99365,9923],{"class":63},[49,99367,68],{"class":67},[49,99369,71],{"class":63},[49,99371,74],{"class":67},[49,99373,71],{"class":63},[49,99375,79],{"class":67},[49,99377,8741],{"class":63},[49,99379,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99381,11148],{"class":55},[49,99383,60],{"class":59},[49,99385,9923],{"class":63},[49,99387,347],{"class":346},[49,99389,308],{"class":350},[49,99391,347],{"class":346},[49,99393,135],{"class":63},[49,99395,4930],{"class":67},[49,99397,71],{"class":63},[49,99399,357],{"class":346},[49,99401,360],{"class":350},[49,99403,347],{"class":346},[49,99405,135],{"class":63},[49,99407,74],{"class":67},[49,99409,8741],{"class":63},[49,99411,99412],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,99413,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,99417,105],{"class":104},[49,99419,108],{"class":63},[49,99421,1175],{"class":1174},[49,99423,108],{"class":63},[49,99425,15088],{"class":94},[49,99427,1182],{"class":63},[49,99429,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,99431,105],{"class":104},[49,99433,108],{"class":63},[49,99435,1175],{"class":1174},[49,99437,108],{"class":63},[49,99439,10877],{"class":94},[49,99441,1182],{"class":63},[35,99443,92070],{"id":92069},[20,99445,99446],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[40,99448,99450],{"className":42,"code":99449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99451,99452,99478,99482,99496,99506,99520,99527],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99455,15050],{"class":55},[49,99457,60],{"class":59},[49,99459,15055],{"class":1174},[49,99461,2418],{"class":63},[49,99463,68],{"class":67},[49,99465,71],{"class":63},[49,99467,74],{"class":67},[49,99469,71],{"class":63},[49,99471,74],{"class":67},[49,99473,71],{"class":63},[49,99475,79],{"class":67},[49,99477,3319],{"class":63},[49,99479,99480],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99481,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,99483,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,99485,105],{"class":104},[49,99487,108],{"class":63},[49,99489,1175],{"class":1174},[49,99491,108],{"class":63},[49,99493,15088],{"class":94},[49,99495,1182],{"class":63},[49,99497,99498,99500,99502,99504],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,99499,105],{"class":104},[49,99501,108],{"class":63},[49,99503,15088],{"class":94},[49,99505,272],{"class":63},[49,99507,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,99509,105],{"class":104},[49,99511,108],{"class":63},[49,99513,10592],{"class":104},[49,99515,108],{"class":63},[49,99517,15088],{"class":94},[49,99519,1182],{"class":63},[49,99521,99522,99524],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,99523,105],{"class":104},[49,99525,99526],{"class":63},"({})\n",[49,99528,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,99530,105],{"class":104},[49,99532,108],{"class":63},[49,99534,5720],{"class":1174},[49,99536,6628],{"class":63},[20,99538,99539],{},"Use these to confirm:",[137,99541,99542,99545,99548,99551],{},[140,99543,99544],{},"The object type",[140,99546,99547],{},"The actual values stored",[140,99549,99550],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[140,99552,99553,99554,618,99556],{},"The difference between ",[15,99555,3221],{},[15,99557,3226],{},[35,99559,1253],{"id":1252},[528,99561,99563],{"id":99562},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99565,99566,99567,99570,99571,99573],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99568,99569],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99572,3226],{}," with another iterable.",[528,99575,99577],{"id":99576},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99579,120,99580,99582,99583,99585],{},[15,99581,3226],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99584,3221],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[528,99587,99589],{"id":99588},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99591,99592],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[528,99594,99596],{"id":99595},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99598,99599],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[528,99601,99603],{"id":99602},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99605,99606],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[35,99608,1309],{"id":1308},[137,99610,99611,99615,99621,99627,99632],{},[140,99612,99613],{},[308,99614,95615],{"href":96786},[140,99616,99617],{},[308,99618,3010,99619,736],{"href":97787},[15,99620,95495],{},[140,99622,99623],{},[308,99624,3010,99625,736],{"href":97806},[15,99626,96601],{},[140,99628,99629],{},[308,99630,99631],{"href":98364},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[140,99633,99634],{},[308,99635,99636],{"href":98078},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99638,99639],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1352,99641,99642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":99644},[99645,99646,99647,99648,99651,99657,99661,99662,99663,99669,99677,99678,99685],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":98050,"depth":85,"text":98051},{"id":98082,"depth":85,"text":98083,"children":99649},[99650],{"id":98151,"depth":101,"text":98152},{"id":98255,"depth":85,"text":99652,"children":99653},"Create a set with set()",[99654,99655,99656],{"id":98280,"depth":101,"text":98281},{"id":98368,"depth":101,"text":98369},{"id":98438,"depth":101,"text":98439},{"id":98523,"depth":85,"text":98524,"children":99658},[99659],{"id":98600,"depth":101,"text":99660},"Do not use {}",{"id":71552,"depth":85,"text":71553},{"id":98808,"depth":85,"text":98809},{"id":98980,"depth":85,"text":98981,"children":99664},[99665,99666,99667,99668],{"id":98984,"depth":101,"text":98985},{"id":99027,"depth":101,"text":99028},{"id":99094,"depth":101,"text":98439},{"id":99130,"depth":101,"text":99131},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":99670},[99671,99673,99674,99675,99676],{"id":99164,"depth":101,"text":99672},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99225,"depth":101,"text":99226},{"id":99278,"depth":101,"text":99279},{"id":99321,"depth":101,"text":99322},{"id":99348,"depth":101,"text":99349},{"id":92069,"depth":85,"text":92070},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":99679},[99680,99681,99682,99683,99684],{"id":99562,"depth":101,"text":99563},{"id":99576,"depth":101,"text":99577},{"id":99588,"depth":101,"text":99589},{"id":99595,"depth":101,"text":99596},{"id":99602,"depth":101,"text":99603},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97853,"description":99686},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99692,"title":99693,"body":99694,"description":102125,"extension":1392,"meta":102126,"navigation":243,"path":102127,"seo":102128,"stem":102129,"__hash__":102130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99695,"toc":102090},[99696,99702,99708,99711,99713,99790,99792,99809,99819,99821,99826,99834,99836,99852,99856,99858,99860,99863,99884,99887,99911,99917,99919,100016,100018,100035,100045,100047,100049,100057,100059,100070,100072,100163,100165,100189,100200,100202,100204,100207,100337,100339,100412,100414,100435,100438,100440,100446,100451,100454,100581,100583,100600,100603,100605,100613,100616,100620,100628,100719,100721,100758,100763,100770,100847,100849,100865,100870,100875,100877,100886,100894,100975,100977,101006,101009,101013,101024,101027,101110,101112,101133,101139,101141,101143,101147,101151,101158,101223,101225,101245,101248,101317,101319,101335,101339,101345,101357,101365,101367,101452,101454,101483,101486,101490,101495,101497,101547,101550,101631,101633,101649,101653,101656,101731,101734,101738,101741,101818,101820,101853,101859,101863,101866,102001,102003,102017,102019,102021,102027,102030,102037,102045,102051,102054,102058,102061,102063,102065,102087],[10,99697,95487,99699,18],{"id":99698},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99700,99701],{},"difference()",[20,99703,99704,99707],{},[15,99705,99706],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99709,99710],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[35,99712,38],{"id":37},[40,99714,99716],{"className":42,"code":99715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99717,99718,99742,99762,99780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99719,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99721,543],{"class":55},[49,99723,60],{"class":59},[49,99725,9923],{"class":63},[49,99727,68],{"class":67},[49,99729,71],{"class":63},[49,99731,74],{"class":67},[49,99733,71],{"class":63},[49,99735,79],{"class":67},[49,99737,71],{"class":63},[49,99739,1888],{"class":67},[49,99741,8741],{"class":63},[49,99743,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99745,564],{"class":55},[49,99747,60],{"class":59},[49,99749,9923],{"class":63},[49,99751,1494],{"class":67},[49,99753,71],{"class":63},[49,99755,1888],{"class":67},[49,99757,71],{"class":63},[49,99759,4036],{"class":67},[49,99761,8741],{"class":63},[49,99763,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,99765,382],{"class":55},[49,99767,60],{"class":59},[49,99769,56169],{"class":55},[49,99771,91],{"class":63},[49,99773,2242],{"class":94},[49,99775,108],{"class":63},[49,99777,360],{"class":94},[49,99779,272],{"class":63},[49,99781,99782,99784,99786,99788],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,99783,105],{"class":104},[49,99785,108],{"class":63},[49,99787,420],{"class":94},[49,99789,272],{"class":63},[20,99791,275],{},[40,99793,99795],{"className":42,"code":99794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99796,99797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99798,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99800,8710],{"class":63},[49,99802,68],{"class":67},[49,99804,71],{"class":63},[49,99806,74],{"class":67},[49,99808,8741],{"class":63},[20,99810,99811,99813,99814,99816,99817,91],{},[15,99812,99701],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99815,308],{}," that are not in ",[15,99818,360],{},[44340,99820],{},[35,99822,127,99824,130],{"id":99823},"what-difference-does",[15,99825,99701],{},[20,99827,1409,99828,99830,99831,99833],{},[15,99829,99701],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,99832,329],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99835,12471],{},[137,99837,99838,99843,99846,99849],{},[140,99839,99840,99842],{},[15,99841,99701],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[140,99844,99845],{},"It creates a new set",[140,99847,99848],{},"It does not change the original set",[140,99850,99851],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99853,95611,99854,91],{},[308,99855,95615],{"href":96786},[44340,99857],{},[35,99859,164],{"id":163},[20,99861,99862],{},"Use this form:",[40,99864,99866],{"className":42,"code":99865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99867,99868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99869,99870,99873,99875,99877,99879,99882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99871,99872],{"class":55},"set1",[49,99874,91],{"class":63},[49,99876,2242],{"class":94},[49,99878,108],{"class":63},[49,99880,99881],{"class":94},"set2",[49,99883,272],{"class":63},[20,99885,99886],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[40,99888,99890],{"className":42,"code":99889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99891,99892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99893,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99895,99872],{"class":55},[49,99897,91],{"class":63},[49,99899,2242],{"class":94},[49,99901,108],{"class":63},[49,99903,99881],{"class":94},[49,99905,71],{"class":63},[49,99907,99908],{"class":94}," set3",[49,99910,272],{"class":63},[20,99912,99913,99914,99916],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,99915,4785],{}," of the other sets.",[20,99918,761],{},[40,99920,99922],{"className":42,"code":99921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99923,99924,99952,99968,99980,99984,100006],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99925,99926,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99927,543],{"class":55},[49,99929,60],{"class":59},[49,99931,9923],{"class":63},[49,99933,68],{"class":67},[49,99935,71],{"class":63},[49,99937,74],{"class":67},[49,99939,71],{"class":63},[49,99941,79],{"class":67},[49,99943,71],{"class":63},[49,99945,1888],{"class":67},[49,99947,71],{"class":63},[49,99949,4036],{"class":67},[49,99951,8741],{"class":63},[49,99953,99954,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,99955,564],{"class":55},[49,99957,60],{"class":59},[49,99959,9923],{"class":63},[49,99961,1488],{"class":67},[49,99963,71],{"class":63},[49,99965,79],{"class":67},[49,99967,8741],{"class":63},[49,99969,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,99971,82470],{"class":55},[49,99973,60],{"class":59},[49,99975,9923],{"class":63},[49,99977,1569],{"class":67},[49,99979,8741],{"class":63},[49,99981,99982],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,99983,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,99985,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,99987,382],{"class":55},[49,99989,60],{"class":59},[49,99991,56169],{"class":55},[49,99993,91],{"class":63},[49,99995,2242],{"class":94},[49,99997,108],{"class":63},[49,99999,360],{"class":94},[49,100001,71],{"class":63},[49,100003,9114],{"class":94},[49,100005,272],{"class":63},[49,100007,100008,100010,100012,100014],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100009,105],{"class":104},[49,100011,108],{"class":63},[49,100013,420],{"class":94},[49,100015,272],{"class":63},[20,100017,275],{},[40,100019,100021],{"className":42,"code":100020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100022,100023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100024,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100026,8710],{"class":63},[49,100028,68],{"class":67},[49,100030,71],{"class":63},[49,100032,1888],{"class":67},[49,100034,8741],{"class":63},[20,100036,100037,100038,100040,100041,2310,100043,91],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100039,308],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100042,360],{},[15,100044,369],{},[44340,100046],{},[35,100048,315],{"id":314},[20,100050,100051,100053,100054,91],{},[15,100052,99701],{}," always returns a ",[30,100055,100056],{},"new set",[20,100058,43073],{},[137,100060,100061,100064,100067],{},[140,100062,100063],{},"The return value is a new set",[140,100065,100066],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[140,100068,100069],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100071,761],{},[40,100073,100075],{"className":42,"code":100074,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100076,100077,100093,100113,100117,100135,100139,100149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100080,543],{"class":55},[49,100082,60],{"class":59},[49,100084,9923],{"class":63},[49,100086,68],{"class":67},[49,100088,71],{"class":63},[49,100090,74],{"class":67},[49,100092,8741],{"class":63},[49,100094,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100096,564],{"class":55},[49,100098,60],{"class":59},[49,100100,9923],{"class":63},[49,100102,68],{"class":67},[49,100104,71],{"class":63},[49,100106,74],{"class":67},[49,100108,71],{"class":63},[49,100110,79],{"class":67},[49,100112,8741],{"class":63},[49,100114,100115],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100116,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100118,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100120,382],{"class":55},[49,100122,60],{"class":59},[49,100124,56169],{"class":55},[49,100126,91],{"class":63},[49,100128,2242],{"class":94},[49,100130,108],{"class":63},[49,100132,360],{"class":94},[49,100134,272],{"class":63},[49,100136,100137],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100138,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100140,100141,100143,100145,100147],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100142,105],{"class":104},[49,100144,108],{"class":63},[49,100146,420],{"class":94},[49,100148,272],{"class":63},[49,100150,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,100152,105],{"class":104},[49,100154,108],{"class":63},[49,100156,1175],{"class":1174},[49,100158,108],{"class":63},[49,100160,420],{"class":94},[49,100162,1182],{"class":63},[20,100164,275],{},[40,100166,100167],{"className":42,"code":98575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,100168,100169,100175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100170,100171,100173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100172,5720],{"class":1174},[49,100174,98],{"class":63},[49,100176,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100178,2723],{"class":59},[49,100180,2726],{"class":1497},[49,100182,2729],{"class":346},[49,100184,5720],{"class":350},[49,100186,2734],{"class":346},[49,100188,2737],{"class":59},[20,100190,100191,100192,18386,100194,100196,100197,100199],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100193,3226],{},[15,100195,3221],{},". In Python, ",[15,100198,3221],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44340,100201],{},[35,100203,201],{"id":200},[20,100205,100206],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[40,100208,100210],{"className":42,"code":100209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100211,100212,100245,100278,100282,100302,100306,100316,100327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100213,100214,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100215,100216],{"class":55},"fruits_a ",[49,100218,60],{"class":59},[49,100220,9923],{"class":63},[49,100222,347],{"class":346},[49,100224,3510],{"class":350},[49,100226,347],{"class":346},[49,100228,71],{"class":63},[49,100230,357],{"class":346},[49,100232,3519],{"class":350},[49,100234,347],{"class":346},[49,100236,71],{"class":63},[49,100238,357],{"class":346},[49,100240,32644],{"class":350},[49,100242,347],{"class":346},[49,100244,8741],{"class":63},[49,100246,100247,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100248,100249],{"class":55},"fruits_b ",[49,100251,60],{"class":59},[49,100253,9923],{"class":63},[49,100255,347],{"class":346},[49,100257,3519],{"class":350},[49,100259,347],{"class":346},[49,100261,71],{"class":63},[49,100263,357],{"class":346},[49,100265,32644],{"class":350},[49,100267,347],{"class":346},[49,100269,71],{"class":63},[49,100271,357],{"class":346},[49,100273,21955],{"class":350},[49,100275,347],{"class":346},[49,100277,8741],{"class":63},[49,100279,100280],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100281,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100283,100284,100286,100288,100291,100293,100295,100297,100300],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100285,382],{"class":55},[49,100287,60],{"class":59},[49,100289,100290],{"class":55}," fruits_a",[49,100292,91],{"class":63},[49,100294,2242],{"class":94},[49,100296,108],{"class":63},[49,100298,100299],{"class":94},"fruits_b",[49,100301,272],{"class":63},[49,100303,100304],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100305,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100307,100308,100310,100312,100314],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100309,105],{"class":104},[49,100311,108],{"class":63},[49,100313,420],{"class":94},[49,100315,272],{"class":63},[49,100317,100318,100320,100322,100325],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,100319,105],{"class":104},[49,100321,108],{"class":63},[49,100323,100324],{"class":94},"fruits_a",[49,100326,272],{"class":63},[49,100328,100329,100331,100333,100335],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,100330,105],{"class":104},[49,100332,108],{"class":63},[49,100334,100299],{"class":94},[49,100336,272],{"class":63},[20,100338,29453],{},[40,100340,100342],{"className":42,"code":100341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100343,100344,100356,100384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100347,8710],{"class":63},[49,100349,2734],{"class":346},[49,100351,3510],{"class":350},[49,100353,2734],{"class":346},[49,100355,8741],{"class":63},[49,100357,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100359,8710],{"class":63},[49,100361,2734],{"class":346},[49,100363,3519],{"class":350},[49,100365,2734],{"class":346},[49,100367,71],{"class":63},[49,100369,2729],{"class":346},[49,100371,32644],{"class":350},[49,100373,2734],{"class":346},[49,100375,71],{"class":63},[49,100377,2729],{"class":346},[49,100379,3510],{"class":350},[49,100381,2734],{"class":346},[49,100383,8741],{"class":63},[49,100385,100386,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100387,8710],{"class":63},[49,100389,2734],{"class":346},[49,100391,3519],{"class":350},[49,100393,2734],{"class":346},[49,100395,71],{"class":63},[49,100397,2729],{"class":346},[49,100399,32644],{"class":350},[49,100401,2734],{"class":346},[49,100403,71],{"class":63},[49,100405,2729],{"class":346},[49,100407,21955],{"class":350},[49,100409,2734],{"class":346},[49,100411,8741],{"class":63},[20,100413,287],{},[137,100415,100416,100421,100426,100432],{},[140,100417,100418,100419],{},"Start with ",[15,100420,100324],{},[140,100422,100423,100424],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100425,100299],{},[140,100427,100428,100429,100431],{},"Only ",[15,100430,57115],{}," remains",[140,100433,100434],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100436,100437],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44340,100439],{},[35,100441,1092,100443,100445],{"id":100442},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100444,99701],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100447,100448,100449,91],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100450,99701],{},[20,100452,100453],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[40,100455,100457],{"className":42,"code":100456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100458,100459,100491,100508,100521,100538,100542,100571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100460,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100462,214],{"class":55},[49,100464,60],{"class":59},[49,100466,9923],{"class":63},[49,100468,68],{"class":67},[49,100470,71],{"class":63},[49,100472,74],{"class":67},[49,100474,71],{"class":63},[49,100476,79],{"class":67},[49,100478,71],{"class":63},[49,100480,1888],{"class":67},[49,100482,71],{"class":63},[49,100484,4036],{"class":67},[49,100486,71],{"class":63},[49,100488,37067],{"class":67},[49,100490,8741],{"class":63},[49,100492,100493,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100494,100495],{"class":55},"group_a ",[49,100497,60],{"class":59},[49,100499,9923],{"class":63},[49,100501,1488],{"class":67},[49,100503,71],{"class":63},[49,100505,1888],{"class":67},[49,100507,8741],{"class":63},[49,100509,100510,100513,100515,100517,100519],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100511,100512],{"class":55},"group_b ",[49,100514,60],{"class":59},[49,100516,9923],{"class":63},[49,100518,1569],{"class":67},[49,100520,8741],{"class":63},[49,100522,100523,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100524,100525],{"class":55},"group_c ",[49,100527,60],{"class":59},[49,100529,9923],{"class":63},[49,100531,79878],{"class":67},[49,100533,71],{"class":63},[49,100535,5426],{"class":67},[49,100537,8741],{"class":63},[49,100539,100540],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100541,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100543,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100559,100561,100564,100566,100569],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100545,382],{"class":55},[49,100547,60],{"class":59},[49,100549,3695],{"class":55},[49,100551,91],{"class":63},[49,100553,2242],{"class":94},[49,100555,108],{"class":63},[49,100557,100558],{"class":94},"group_a",[49,100560,71],{"class":63},[49,100562,100563],{"class":94}," group_b",[49,100565,71],{"class":63},[49,100567,100568],{"class":94}," group_c",[49,100570,272],{"class":63},[49,100572,100573,100575,100577,100579],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,100574,105],{"class":104},[49,100576,108],{"class":63},[49,100578,420],{"class":94},[49,100580,272],{"class":63},[20,100582,275],{},[40,100584,100586],{"className":42,"code":100585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100587,100588],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100589,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100591,8710],{"class":63},[49,100593,68],{"class":67},[49,100595,71],{"class":63},[49,100597,79],{"class":67},[49,100599,8741],{"class":63},[20,100601,100602],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44340,100604],{},[35,100606,100608,10018,100610],{"id":100607},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100609,99701],{},[15,100611,100612],{},"difference_update()",[20,100614,100615],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[528,100617,100618],{"id":2242},[15,100619,99701],{},[137,100621,100622,100625],{},[140,100623,100624],{},"Returns a new set",[140,100626,100627],{},"Does not change the original set",[40,100629,100631],{"className":42,"code":100630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100632,100633,100657,100673,100677,100695,100699,100709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100634,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100636,543],{"class":55},[49,100638,60],{"class":59},[49,100640,9923],{"class":63},[49,100642,68],{"class":67},[49,100644,71],{"class":63},[49,100646,74],{"class":67},[49,100648,71],{"class":63},[49,100650,79],{"class":67},[49,100652,71],{"class":63},[49,100654,1888],{"class":67},[49,100656,8741],{"class":63},[49,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100660,564],{"class":55},[49,100662,60],{"class":59},[49,100664,9923],{"class":63},[49,100666,1494],{"class":67},[49,100668,71],{"class":63},[49,100670,1888],{"class":67},[49,100672,8741],{"class":63},[49,100674,100675],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100676,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100678,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100680,382],{"class":55},[49,100682,60],{"class":59},[49,100684,56169],{"class":55},[49,100686,91],{"class":63},[49,100688,2242],{"class":94},[49,100690,108],{"class":63},[49,100692,360],{"class":94},[49,100694,272],{"class":63},[49,100696,100697],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100698,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100702,105],{"class":104},[49,100704,108],{"class":63},[49,100706,420],{"class":94},[49,100708,272],{"class":63},[49,100710,100711,100713,100715,100717],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,100712,105],{"class":104},[49,100714,108],{"class":63},[49,100716,308],{"class":94},[49,100718,272],{"class":63},[20,100720,275],{},[40,100722,100724],{"className":42,"code":100723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100725,100726,100738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100727,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100729,8710],{"class":63},[49,100731,68],{"class":67},[49,100733,71],{"class":63},[49,100735,74],{"class":67},[49,100737,8741],{"class":63},[49,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100741,8710],{"class":63},[49,100743,68],{"class":67},[49,100745,71],{"class":63},[49,100747,74],{"class":67},[49,100749,71],{"class":63},[49,100751,79],{"class":67},[49,100753,71],{"class":63},[49,100755,1888],{"class":67},[49,100757,8741],{"class":63},[528,100759,100761],{"id":100760},"difference_update",[15,100762,100612],{},[137,100764,100765,100768],{},[140,100766,100767],{},"Changes the original set",[140,100769,95605],{},[40,100771,100773],{"className":42,"code":100772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100774,100775,100799,100815,100819,100833,100837],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100776,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100778,543],{"class":55},[49,100780,60],{"class":59},[49,100782,9923],{"class":63},[49,100784,68],{"class":67},[49,100786,71],{"class":63},[49,100788,74],{"class":67},[49,100790,71],{"class":63},[49,100792,79],{"class":67},[49,100794,71],{"class":63},[49,100796,1888],{"class":67},[49,100798,8741],{"class":63},[49,100800,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100802,564],{"class":55},[49,100804,60],{"class":59},[49,100806,9923],{"class":63},[49,100808,1494],{"class":67},[49,100810,71],{"class":63},[49,100812,1888],{"class":67},[49,100814,8741],{"class":63},[49,100816,100817],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100818,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100822,308],{"class":55},[49,100824,91],{"class":63},[49,100826,100760],{"class":94},[49,100828,108],{"class":63},[49,100830,360],{"class":94},[49,100832,272],{"class":63},[49,100834,100835],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100836,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100838,100839,100841,100843,100845],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,100840,105],{"class":104},[49,100842,108],{"class":63},[49,100844,308],{"class":94},[49,100846,272],{"class":63},[20,100848,275],{},[40,100850,100851],{"className":42,"code":99794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,100852,100853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100854,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100856,8710],{"class":63},[49,100858,68],{"class":67},[49,100860,71],{"class":63},[49,100862,74],{"class":67},[49,100864,8741],{"class":63},[20,100866,120,100867,100869],{},[15,100868,99701],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100871,100872,100873,1141],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100874,100612],{},[44340,100876],{},[35,100878,100880,100882,100883,100885],{"id":100879},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100881,99701],{}," vs the ",[15,100884,1453],{}," operator",[20,100887,1409,100888,100890,100891,100893],{},[15,100889,1453],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100892,99701],{}," for two sets.",[40,100895,100897],{"className":42,"code":100896,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100898,100899,100923,100939,100943,100961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100900,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100902,543],{"class":55},[49,100904,60],{"class":59},[49,100906,9923],{"class":63},[49,100908,68],{"class":67},[49,100910,71],{"class":63},[49,100912,74],{"class":67},[49,100914,71],{"class":63},[49,100916,79],{"class":67},[49,100918,71],{"class":63},[49,100920,1888],{"class":67},[49,100922,8741],{"class":63},[49,100924,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100926,564],{"class":55},[49,100928,60],{"class":59},[49,100930,9923],{"class":63},[49,100932,1494],{"class":67},[49,100934,71],{"class":63},[49,100936,1888],{"class":67},[49,100938,8741],{"class":63},[49,100940,100941],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,100942,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,100944,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,100946,105],{"class":104},[49,100948,108],{"class":63},[49,100950,308],{"class":94},[49,100952,91],{"class":63},[49,100954,2242],{"class":94},[49,100956,108],{"class":63},[49,100958,360],{"class":94},[49,100960,1182],{"class":63},[49,100962,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,100964,105],{"class":104},[49,100966,108],{"class":63},[49,100968,543],{"class":94},[49,100970,1453],{"class":59},[49,100972,1990],{"class":94},[49,100974,272],{"class":63},[20,100976,275],{},[40,100978,100980],{"className":42,"code":100979,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,100981,100982,100994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100983,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100985,8710],{"class":63},[49,100987,68],{"class":67},[49,100989,71],{"class":63},[49,100991,74],{"class":67},[49,100993,8741],{"class":63},[49,100995,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,100997,8710],{"class":63},[49,100999,68],{"class":67},[49,101001,71],{"class":63},[49,101003,74],{"class":67},[49,101005,8741],{"class":63},[20,101007,101008],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101010,93875,101011,1284],{},[15,101012,99701],{},[137,101014,101015,101018,101021],{},[140,101016,101017],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[140,101019,101020],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[140,101022,101023],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101025,101026],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[40,101028,101030],{"className":42,"code":101029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101031,101032,101060,101072,101084,101088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101035,543],{"class":55},[49,101037,60],{"class":59},[49,101039,9923],{"class":63},[49,101041,68],{"class":67},[49,101043,71],{"class":63},[49,101045,74],{"class":67},[49,101047,71],{"class":63},[49,101049,79],{"class":67},[49,101051,71],{"class":63},[49,101053,1888],{"class":67},[49,101055,71],{"class":63},[49,101057,4036],{"class":67},[49,101059,8741],{"class":63},[49,101061,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101063,564],{"class":55},[49,101065,60],{"class":59},[49,101067,9923],{"class":63},[49,101069,1488],{"class":67},[49,101071,8741],{"class":63},[49,101073,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101075,82470],{"class":55},[49,101077,60],{"class":59},[49,101079,9923],{"class":63},[49,101081,1936],{"class":67},[49,101083,8741],{"class":63},[49,101085,101086],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101087,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101089,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101091,105],{"class":104},[49,101093,108],{"class":63},[49,101095,308],{"class":94},[49,101097,91],{"class":63},[49,101099,2242],{"class":94},[49,101101,108],{"class":63},[49,101103,360],{"class":94},[49,101105,71],{"class":63},[49,101107,9114],{"class":94},[49,101109,1182],{"class":63},[20,101111,275],{},[40,101113,101115],{"className":42,"code":101114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101116,101117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101118,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101120,8710],{"class":63},[49,101122,68],{"class":67},[49,101124,71],{"class":63},[49,101126,79],{"class":67},[49,101128,71],{"class":63},[49,101130,4036],{"class":67},[49,101132,8741],{"class":63},[20,101134,101135,101136,101138],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101137,1453],{}," operator expression.",[44340,101140],{},[35,101142,863],{"id":862},[20,101144,20633,101145,91],{},[15,101146,99701],{},[528,101148,101150],{"id":101149},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101152,4059,101153,101155,101156,135],{},[30,101154,329],{}," change ",[15,101157,308],{},[40,101159,101161],{"className":42,"code":101160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101162,101163,101183,101195,101199,101213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101164,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101166,543],{"class":55},[49,101168,60],{"class":59},[49,101170,9923],{"class":63},[49,101172,68],{"class":67},[49,101174,71],{"class":63},[49,101176,74],{"class":67},[49,101178,71],{"class":63},[49,101180,79],{"class":67},[49,101182,8741],{"class":63},[49,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101186,564],{"class":55},[49,101188,60],{"class":59},[49,101190,9923],{"class":63},[49,101192,1494],{"class":67},[49,101194,8741],{"class":63},[49,101196,101197],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101198,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101200,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101202,308],{"class":55},[49,101204,91],{"class":63},[49,101206,2242],{"class":94},[49,101208,108],{"class":63},[49,101210,360],{"class":94},[49,101212,272],{"class":63},[49,101214,101215,101217,101219,101221],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101216,105],{"class":104},[49,101218,108],{"class":63},[49,101220,308],{"class":94},[49,101222,272],{"class":63},[20,101224,275],{},[40,101226,101227],{"className":42,"code":95894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101228,101229],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101230,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101232,8710],{"class":63},[49,101234,68],{"class":67},[49,101236,71],{"class":63},[49,101238,74],{"class":67},[49,101240,71],{"class":63},[49,101242,79],{"class":67},[49,101244,8741],{"class":63},[20,101246,101247],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[40,101249,101251],{"className":42,"code":101250,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101252,101253,101273,101285,101289,101307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101254,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101256,543],{"class":55},[49,101258,60],{"class":59},[49,101260,9923],{"class":63},[49,101262,68],{"class":67},[49,101264,71],{"class":63},[49,101266,74],{"class":67},[49,101268,71],{"class":63},[49,101270,79],{"class":67},[49,101272,8741],{"class":63},[49,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101276,564],{"class":55},[49,101278,60],{"class":59},[49,101280,9923],{"class":63},[49,101282,1494],{"class":67},[49,101284,8741],{"class":63},[49,101286,101287],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101288,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101290,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101292,543],{"class":55},[49,101294,60],{"class":59},[49,101296,56169],{"class":55},[49,101298,91],{"class":63},[49,101300,2242],{"class":94},[49,101302,108],{"class":63},[49,101304,360],{"class":94},[49,101306,272],{"class":63},[49,101308,101309,101311,101313,101315],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101310,105],{"class":104},[49,101312,108],{"class":63},[49,101314,308],{"class":94},[49,101316,272],{"class":63},[20,101318,275],{},[40,101320,101321],{"className":42,"code":99794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101322,101323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101324,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101326,8710],{"class":63},[49,101328,68],{"class":67},[49,101330,71],{"class":63},[49,101332,74],{"class":67},[49,101334,8741],{"class":63},[528,101336,101338],{"id":101337},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101340,101341,101344],{},[15,101342,101343],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[137,101346,101347,101352],{},[140,101348,101349,101350],{},"keep items from ",[15,101351,308],{},[140,101353,101354,101355],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101356,360],{},[20,101358,326,101359,101361,101362,101364],{},[30,101360,329],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101363,360],{},"”.",[20,101366,761],{},[40,101368,101370],{"className":42,"code":101369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101371,101372,101392,101412,101416,101434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101375,543],{"class":55},[49,101377,60],{"class":59},[49,101379,9923],{"class":63},[49,101381,68],{"class":67},[49,101383,71],{"class":63},[49,101385,74],{"class":67},[49,101387,71],{"class":63},[49,101389,79],{"class":67},[49,101391,8741],{"class":63},[49,101393,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101395,564],{"class":55},[49,101397,60],{"class":59},[49,101399,9923],{"class":63},[49,101401,1494],{"class":67},[49,101403,71],{"class":63},[49,101405,1888],{"class":67},[49,101407,71],{"class":63},[49,101409,4036],{"class":67},[49,101411,8741],{"class":63},[49,101413,101414],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101415,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101417,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101419,105],{"class":104},[49,101421,108],{"class":63},[49,101423,308],{"class":94},[49,101425,91],{"class":63},[49,101427,2242],{"class":94},[49,101429,108],{"class":63},[49,101431,360],{"class":94},[49,101433,1182],{"class":63},[49,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101437,105],{"class":104},[49,101439,108],{"class":63},[49,101441,360],{"class":94},[49,101443,91],{"class":63},[49,101445,2242],{"class":94},[49,101447,108],{"class":63},[49,101449,308],{"class":94},[49,101451,1182],{"class":63},[20,101453,275],{},[40,101455,101457],{"className":42,"code":101456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101458,101459,101471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101460,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101462,8710],{"class":63},[49,101464,68],{"class":67},[49,101466,71],{"class":63},[49,101468,74],{"class":67},[49,101470,8741],{"class":63},[49,101472,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101474,8710],{"class":63},[49,101476,1936],{"class":67},[49,101478,71],{"class":63},[49,101480,4036],{"class":67},[49,101482,8741],{"class":63},[20,101484,101485],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[528,101487,101489],{"id":101488},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101491,101492,101494],{},[15,101493,99701],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101496,1104],{},[40,101498,101500],{"className":42,"code":101499,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101501,101502,101522,101538,101542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101503,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101505,543],{"class":55},[49,101507,60],{"class":59},[49,101509,64],{"class":63},[49,101511,68],{"class":67},[49,101513,71],{"class":63},[49,101515,74],{"class":67},[49,101517,71],{"class":63},[49,101519,79],{"class":67},[49,101521,82],{"class":63},[49,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101525,564],{"class":55},[49,101527,60],{"class":59},[49,101529,64],{"class":63},[49,101531,1494],{"class":67},[49,101533,71],{"class":63},[49,101535,1888],{"class":67},[49,101537,82],{"class":63},[49,101539,101540],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101541,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101543,101544],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101545,101546],{"class":116},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101548,101549],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[40,101551,101553],{"className":42,"code":101552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101554,101555,101575,101591,101595,101621],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101556,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101558,543],{"class":55},[49,101560,60],{"class":59},[49,101562,64],{"class":63},[49,101564,68],{"class":67},[49,101566,71],{"class":63},[49,101568,74],{"class":67},[49,101570,71],{"class":63},[49,101572,79],{"class":67},[49,101574,82],{"class":63},[49,101576,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101578,564],{"class":55},[49,101580,60],{"class":59},[49,101582,64],{"class":63},[49,101584,1494],{"class":67},[49,101586,71],{"class":63},[49,101588,1888],{"class":67},[49,101590,82],{"class":63},[49,101592,101593],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101594,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101596,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101598,382],{"class":55},[49,101600,60],{"class":59},[49,101602,15055],{"class":1174},[49,101604,108],{"class":63},[49,101606,308],{"class":94},[49,101608,8062],{"class":63},[49,101610,2242],{"class":94},[49,101612,108],{"class":63},[49,101614,5720],{"class":1174},[49,101616,108],{"class":63},[49,101618,360],{"class":94},[49,101620,1182],{"class":63},[49,101622,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101624,105],{"class":104},[49,101626,108],{"class":63},[49,101628,420],{"class":94},[49,101630,272],{"class":63},[20,101632,275],{},[40,101634,101635],{"className":42,"code":99794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101636,101637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101640,8710],{"class":63},[49,101642,68],{"class":67},[49,101644,71],{"class":63},[49,101646,74],{"class":67},[49,101648,8741],{"class":63},[528,101650,101652],{"id":101651},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101654,101655],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[40,101657,101659],{"className":42,"code":101658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101660,101661,101693,101709,101713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101662,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101664,543],{"class":55},[49,101666,60],{"class":59},[49,101668,9923],{"class":63},[49,101670,347],{"class":346},[49,101672,36470],{"class":350},[49,101674,347],{"class":346},[49,101676,71],{"class":63},[49,101678,357],{"class":346},[49,101680,57409],{"class":350},[49,101682,347],{"class":346},[49,101684,71],{"class":63},[49,101686,357],{"class":346},[49,101688,57426],{"class":350},[49,101690,347],{"class":346},[49,101692,8741],{"class":63},[49,101694,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101696,564],{"class":55},[49,101698,60],{"class":59},[49,101700,9923],{"class":63},[49,101702,347],{"class":346},[49,101704,57409],{"class":350},[49,101706,347],{"class":346},[49,101708,8741],{"class":63},[49,101710,101711],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101712,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101714,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101716,105],{"class":104},[49,101718,108],{"class":63},[49,101720,308],{"class":94},[49,101722,91],{"class":63},[49,101724,2242],{"class":94},[49,101726,108],{"class":63},[49,101728,360],{"class":94},[49,101730,1182],{"class":63},[20,101732,101733],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[528,101735,101737],{"id":101736},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101739,101740],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[40,101742,101744],{"className":42,"code":101743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101745,101746,101774,101786,101790,101800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101747,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101749,543],{"class":55},[49,101751,60],{"class":59},[49,101753,9923],{"class":63},[49,101755,68],{"class":67},[49,101757,71],{"class":63},[49,101759,4930],{"class":67},[49,101761,71],{"class":63},[49,101763,74],{"class":67},[49,101765,71],{"class":63},[49,101767,74],{"class":67},[49,101769,71],{"class":63},[49,101771,79],{"class":67},[49,101773,8741],{"class":63},[49,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101777,564],{"class":55},[49,101779,60],{"class":59},[49,101781,9923],{"class":63},[49,101783,1494],{"class":67},[49,101785,8741],{"class":63},[49,101787,101788],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101789,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101791,101792,101794,101796,101798],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101793,105],{"class":104},[49,101795,108],{"class":63},[49,101797,308],{"class":94},[49,101799,272],{"class":63},[49,101801,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101803,105],{"class":104},[49,101805,108],{"class":63},[49,101807,308],{"class":94},[49,101809,91],{"class":63},[49,101811,2242],{"class":94},[49,101813,108],{"class":63},[49,101815,360],{"class":94},[49,101817,1182],{"class":63},[20,101819,275],{},[40,101821,101823],{"className":42,"code":101822,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101824,101825,101841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101826,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101828,8710],{"class":63},[49,101830,68],{"class":67},[49,101832,71],{"class":63},[49,101834,74],{"class":67},[49,101836,71],{"class":63},[49,101838,79],{"class":67},[49,101840,8741],{"class":63},[49,101842,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101844,8710],{"class":63},[49,101846,68],{"class":67},[49,101848,71],{"class":63},[49,101850,74],{"class":67},[49,101852,8741],{"class":63},[20,101854,101855,101856,101858],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101857,99701],{}," runs.",[528,101860,101862],{"id":101861},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101864,101865],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[40,101867,101869],{"className":42,"code":101868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101870,101871,101895,101915,101919,101929,101939,101957,101979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101874,543],{"class":55},[49,101876,60],{"class":59},[49,101878,9923],{"class":63},[49,101880,68],{"class":67},[49,101882,71],{"class":63},[49,101884,74],{"class":67},[49,101886,71],{"class":63},[49,101888,79],{"class":67},[49,101890,71],{"class":63},[49,101892,1888],{"class":67},[49,101894,8741],{"class":63},[49,101896,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,101898,564],{"class":55},[49,101900,60],{"class":59},[49,101902,9923],{"class":63},[49,101904,1494],{"class":67},[49,101906,71],{"class":63},[49,101908,1888],{"class":67},[49,101910,71],{"class":63},[49,101912,4036],{"class":67},[49,101914,8741],{"class":63},[49,101916,101917],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,101918,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,101920,101921,101923,101925,101927],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,101922,105],{"class":104},[49,101924,108],{"class":63},[49,101926,308],{"class":94},[49,101928,272],{"class":63},[49,101930,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,101932,105],{"class":104},[49,101934,108],{"class":63},[49,101936,360],{"class":94},[49,101938,272],{"class":63},[49,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,101942,105],{"class":104},[49,101944,108],{"class":63},[49,101946,308],{"class":94},[49,101948,91],{"class":63},[49,101950,2242],{"class":94},[49,101952,108],{"class":63},[49,101954,360],{"class":94},[49,101956,1182],{"class":63},[49,101958,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,101960,105],{"class":104},[49,101962,108],{"class":63},[49,101964,1175],{"class":1174},[49,101966,108],{"class":63},[49,101968,308],{"class":94},[49,101970,91],{"class":63},[49,101972,2242],{"class":94},[49,101974,108],{"class":63},[49,101976,360],{"class":94},[49,101978,2344],{"class":63},[49,101980,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,101982,105],{"class":104},[49,101984,108],{"class":63},[49,101986,10592],{"class":104},[49,101988,108],{"class":63},[49,101990,308],{"class":94},[49,101992,91],{"class":63},[49,101994,2242],{"class":94},[49,101996,108],{"class":63},[49,101998,360],{"class":94},[49,102000,2344],{"class":63},[20,102002,10601],{},[137,102004,102005,102008,102011,102014],{},[140,102006,102007],{},"what is in each set",[140,102009,102010],{},"what result Python creates",[140,102012,102013],{},"that the result is a set",[140,102015,102016],{},"how many items remain",[44340,102018],{},[35,102020,1253],{"id":1252},[528,102022,1257,102024,102026],{"id":102023},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102025,99701],{}," change the original set?",[20,102028,102029],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[528,102031,1279,102033,618,102035,1284],{"id":102032},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102034,99701],{},[15,102036,100612],{},[20,102038,102039,102041,102042,102044],{},[15,102040,99701],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102043,100612],{}," modifies the original set.",[528,102046,1296,102048,102050],{"id":102047},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102049,99701],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102052,102053],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[528,102055,102057],{"id":102056},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102059,102060],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44340,102062],{},[35,102064,1309],{"id":1308},[137,102066,102067,102071,102079],{},[140,102068,102069],{},[308,102070,95615],{"href":96786},[140,102072,102073],{},[308,102074,96101,102076,736],{"href":102075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102077,102078],{},"intersection()",[140,102080,102081],{},[308,102082,96101,102084,736],{"href":102083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102085,102086],{},"union()",[1352,102088,102089],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":102091},[102092,102093,102095,102096,102097,102098,102100,102105,102107,102115,102124],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":99823,"depth":85,"text":102094},"What difference() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":100442,"depth":85,"text":102099},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100607,"depth":85,"text":102101,"children":102102},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102103,102104],{"id":2242,"depth":101,"text":99701},{"id":100760,"depth":101,"text":100612},{"id":100879,"depth":85,"text":102106},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":102108},[102109,102110,102111,102112,102113,102114],{"id":101149,"depth":101,"text":101150},{"id":101337,"depth":101,"text":101338},{"id":101488,"depth":101,"text":101489},{"id":101651,"depth":101,"text":101652},{"id":101736,"depth":101,"text":101737},{"id":101861,"depth":101,"text":101862},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":102116},[102117,102119,102121,102123],{"id":102023,"depth":101,"text":102118},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102032,"depth":101,"text":102120},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102047,"depth":101,"text":102122},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102056,"depth":101,"text":102057},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99693,"description":102125},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102132,"title":102133,"body":102134,"description":103829,"extension":1392,"meta":103830,"navigation":243,"path":103831,"seo":103832,"stem":103833,"__hash__":103834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102135,"toc":103791},[102136,102142,102148,102161,102163,102264,102266,102311,102316,102321,102325,102339,102342,102350,102352,102371,102389,102393,102446,102448,102469,102476,102481,102508,102515,102614,102616,102653,102661,102665,102671,102674,102747,102749,102757,102762,102831,102833,102858,102860,102863,102966,102968,103029,103032,103036,103042,103115,103117,103150,103153,103156,103196,103202,103225,103230,103234,103245,103248,103250,103254,103260,103262,103319,103329,103331,103384,103391,103396,103464,103472,103478,103482,103484,103523,103528,103577,103581,103584,103586,103625,103628,103630,103635,103692,103694,103708,103710,103714,103720,103725,103730,103737,103748,103754,103759,103761,103788],[10,102137,95487,102139,18],{"id":102138},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102140,102141],{},"discard()",[20,102143,102144,102147],{},[15,102145,102146],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102149,102150,102151,1622,102156,13474,102158,102160],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[308,102152,102153],{"href":97496},[15,102154,102155],{},"set.remove()",[15,102157,102141],{},[30,102159,329],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[35,102162,1434],{"id":1433},[40,102164,102166],{"className":42,"code":102165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102167,102168,102200,102219,102229,102233,102254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102169,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102171,12495],{"class":55},[49,102173,60],{"class":59},[49,102175,9923],{"class":63},[49,102177,347],{"class":346},[49,102179,12512],{"class":350},[49,102181,347],{"class":346},[49,102183,71],{"class":63},[49,102185,357],{"class":346},[49,102187,12529],{"class":350},[49,102189,347],{"class":346},[49,102191,71],{"class":63},[49,102193,357],{"class":346},[49,102195,16877],{"class":350},[49,102197,347],{"class":346},[49,102199,8741],{"class":63},[49,102201,102202,102204,102206,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102203,16924],{"class":55},[49,102205,91],{"class":63},[49,102207,102208],{"class":94},"discard",[49,102210,108],{"class":63},[49,102212,347],{"class":346},[49,102214,12529],{"class":350},[49,102216,347],{"class":346},[49,102218,272],{"class":63},[49,102220,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102222,105],{"class":104},[49,102224,108],{"class":63},[49,102226,16924],{"class":94},[49,102228,272],{"class":63},[49,102230,102231],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,102232,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102234,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,102236,16924],{"class":55},[49,102238,91],{"class":63},[49,102240,102208],{"class":94},[49,102242,108],{"class":63},[49,102244,347],{"class":346},[49,102246,21946],{"class":350},[49,102248,347],{"class":346},[49,102250,113],{"class":63},[49,102252,102253],{"class":116},"  # no error if missing\n",[49,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,102257,105],{"class":104},[49,102259,108],{"class":63},[49,102261,16924],{"class":94},[49,102263,272],{"class":63},[20,102265,29453],{},[40,102267,102269],{"className":42,"code":102268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102270,102271,102291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102272,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102274,8710],{"class":63},[49,102276,2734],{"class":346},[49,102278,12512],{"class":350},[49,102280,2734],{"class":346},[49,102282,71],{"class":63},[49,102284,2729],{"class":346},[49,102286,16877],{"class":350},[49,102288,2734],{"class":346},[49,102290,8741],{"class":63},[49,102292,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102294,8710],{"class":63},[49,102296,2734],{"class":346},[49,102298,12512],{"class":350},[49,102300,2734],{"class":346},[49,102302,71],{"class":63},[49,102304,2729],{"class":346},[49,102306,16877],{"class":350},[49,102308,2734],{"class":346},[49,102310,8741],{"class":63},[20,102312,120,102313,102315],{},[15,102314,102141],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[35,102317,127,102319,130],{"id":102318},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102320,102146],{},[20,102322,102323,135],{},[15,102324,102141],{},[137,102326,102327,102330,102333,102335],{},[140,102328,102329],{},"Removes one item from a set",[140,102331,102332],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[140,102334,95602],{},[140,102336,10851,102337],{},[15,102338,323],{},[20,102340,102341],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102343,95611,102344,2310,102347,91],{},[308,102345,102346],{"href":98078},"what a set is in Python",[308,102348,102349],{"href":97170},"how to create a set",[35,102351,164],{"id":163},[40,102353,102355],{"className":42,"code":102354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102356,102357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102358,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102360,15088],{"class":55},[49,102362,91],{"class":63},[49,102364,102208],{"class":94},[49,102366,108],{"class":63},[49,102368,1904],{"class":94},[49,102370,272],{"class":63},[137,102372,102373,102378,102383,102386],{},[140,102374,102375,102377],{},[15,102376,15088],{}," is the set you want to change",[140,102379,102380,102382],{},[15,102381,1904],{}," is the item you want to remove",[140,102384,102385],{},"The set must already exist",[140,102387,102388],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[528,102390,102392],{"id":102391},"example","Example",[40,102394,102396],{"className":42,"code":102395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102397,102398,102422,102436],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102399,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102401,214],{"class":55},[49,102403,60],{"class":59},[49,102405,9923],{"class":63},[49,102407,68],{"class":67},[49,102409,71],{"class":63},[49,102411,74],{"class":67},[49,102413,71],{"class":63},[49,102415,79],{"class":67},[49,102417,71],{"class":63},[49,102419,1888],{"class":67},[49,102421,8741],{"class":63},[49,102423,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102425,249],{"class":55},[49,102427,91],{"class":63},[49,102429,102208],{"class":94},[49,102431,108],{"class":63},[49,102433,1494],{"class":67},[49,102435,272],{"class":63},[49,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102439,105],{"class":104},[49,102441,108],{"class":63},[49,102443,249],{"class":94},[49,102445,272],{"class":63},[20,102447,275],{},[40,102449,102451],{"className":42,"code":102450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102452,102453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102454,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102456,8710],{"class":63},[49,102458,68],{"class":67},[49,102460,71],{"class":63},[49,102462,74],{"class":67},[49,102464,71],{"class":63},[49,102466,1888],{"class":67},[49,102468,8741],{"class":63},[35,102470,102472,102473,102475],{"id":102471},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102474,102141],{}," different",[20,102477,102478,102480],{},[15,102479,102141],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[137,102482,102483,102496,102505],{},[140,102484,102485,102486,1622,102490,102492,102493,102495],{},"Unlike ",[308,102487,102488],{"href":97496},[15,102489,1335],{},[15,102491,102141],{}," does not raise ",[15,102494,19110],{}," when the item is missing",[140,102497,102485,102498,1622,102502,102504],{},[308,102499,102500],{"href":97501},[15,102501,1328],{},[15,102503,102141],{}," removes a specific item",[140,102506,102507],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[528,102509,102511,10018,102513],{"id":102510},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102512,102141],{},[15,102514,1335],{},[40,102516,102518],{"className":42,"code":102517,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102519,102520,102544,102548,102569,102579,102583,102604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102521,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102523,56],{"class":55},[49,102525,60],{"class":59},[49,102527,9923],{"class":63},[49,102529,347],{"class":346},[49,102531,3510],{"class":350},[49,102533,347],{"class":346},[49,102535,71],{"class":63},[49,102537,357],{"class":346},[49,102539,3519],{"class":350},[49,102541,347],{"class":346},[49,102543,8741],{"class":63},[49,102545,102546],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102547,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102549,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102551,88],{"class":55},[49,102553,91],{"class":63},[49,102555,102208],{"class":94},[49,102557,108],{"class":63},[49,102559,347],{"class":346},[49,102561,32644],{"class":350},[49,102563,347],{"class":346},[49,102565,113],{"class":63},[49,102567,102568],{"class":116},"   # no error\n",[49,102570,102571,102573,102575,102577],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,102572,105],{"class":104},[49,102574,108],{"class":63},[49,102576,88],{"class":94},[49,102578,272],{"class":63},[49,102580,102581],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,102582,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102584,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,102586,88],{"class":55},[49,102588,91],{"class":63},[49,102590,34215],{"class":94},[49,102592,108],{"class":63},[49,102594,347],{"class":346},[49,102596,3519],{"class":350},[49,102598,347],{"class":346},[49,102600,113],{"class":63},[49,102602,102603],{"class":116},"    # removes existing item\n",[49,102605,102606,102608,102610,102612],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,102607,105],{"class":104},[49,102609,108],{"class":63},[49,102611,88],{"class":94},[49,102613,272],{"class":63},[20,102615,275],{},[40,102617,102619],{"className":42,"code":102618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102620,102621,102641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102624,8710],{"class":63},[49,102626,2734],{"class":346},[49,102628,3510],{"class":350},[49,102630,2734],{"class":346},[49,102632,71],{"class":63},[49,102634,2729],{"class":346},[49,102636,3519],{"class":350},[49,102638,2734],{"class":346},[49,102640,8741],{"class":63},[49,102642,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102644,8710],{"class":63},[49,102646,2734],{"class":346},[49,102648,3510],{"class":350},[49,102650,2734],{"class":346},[49,102652,8741],{"class":63},[20,102654,39767,102655,102657,102658,102660],{},[15,102656,1335],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[308,102659,10506],{"href":10505}," for more help with that case.",[35,102662,102664],{"id":102663},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102666,102667,320,102669,91],{},[15,102668,102141],{},[15,102670,323],{},[20,102672,102673],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[40,102675,102677],{"className":42,"code":102676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102678,102679,102711,102733,102737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707,102709],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102682,12495],{"class":55},[49,102684,60],{"class":59},[49,102686,9923],{"class":63},[49,102688,347],{"class":346},[49,102690,12512],{"class":350},[49,102692,347],{"class":346},[49,102694,71],{"class":63},[49,102696,357],{"class":346},[49,102698,12529],{"class":350},[49,102700,347],{"class":346},[49,102702,71],{"class":63},[49,102704,357],{"class":346},[49,102706,16877],{"class":350},[49,102708,347],{"class":346},[49,102710,8741],{"class":63},[49,102712,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102714,382],{"class":55},[49,102716,60],{"class":59},[49,102718,12543],{"class":55},[49,102720,91],{"class":63},[49,102722,102208],{"class":94},[49,102724,108],{"class":63},[49,102726,347],{"class":346},[49,102728,12529],{"class":350},[49,102730,347],{"class":346},[49,102732,272],{"class":63},[49,102734,102735],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102736,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102738,102739,102741,102743,102745],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,102740,105],{"class":104},[49,102742,108],{"class":63},[49,102744,420],{"class":94},[49,102746,272],{"class":63},[20,102748,275],{},[40,102750,102751],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,102752,102753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102754,102755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102756,11232],{"class":3281},[20,102758,102759,102760,135],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102761,16924],{},[40,102763,102765],{"className":42,"code":102764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102766,102767,102799,102817,102821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102768,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102770,12495],{"class":55},[49,102772,60],{"class":59},[49,102774,9923],{"class":63},[49,102776,347],{"class":346},[49,102778,12512],{"class":350},[49,102780,347],{"class":346},[49,102782,71],{"class":63},[49,102784,357],{"class":346},[49,102786,12529],{"class":350},[49,102788,347],{"class":346},[49,102790,71],{"class":63},[49,102792,357],{"class":346},[49,102794,16877],{"class":350},[49,102796,347],{"class":346},[49,102798,8741],{"class":63},[49,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102802,16924],{"class":55},[49,102804,91],{"class":63},[49,102806,102208],{"class":94},[49,102808,108],{"class":63},[49,102810,347],{"class":346},[49,102812,12529],{"class":350},[49,102814,347],{"class":346},[49,102816,272],{"class":63},[49,102818,102819],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102820,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102822,102823,102825,102827,102829],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,102824,105],{"class":104},[49,102826,108],{"class":63},[49,102828,16924],{"class":94},[49,102830,272],{"class":63},[20,102832,275],{},[40,102834,102836],{"className":42,"code":102835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102837,102838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102839,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102841,8710],{"class":63},[49,102843,2734],{"class":346},[49,102845,12512],{"class":350},[49,102847,2734],{"class":346},[49,102849,71],{"class":63},[49,102851,2729],{"class":346},[49,102853,16877],{"class":350},[49,102855,2734],{"class":346},[49,102857,8741],{"class":63},[35,102859,201],{"id":200},[20,102861,102862],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[40,102864,102866],{"className":42,"code":102865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102867,102868,102900,102904,102922,102926,102944,102948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102869,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102871,35661],{"class":55},[49,102873,60],{"class":59},[49,102875,9923],{"class":63},[49,102877,347],{"class":346},[49,102879,3510],{"class":350},[49,102881,347],{"class":346},[49,102883,71],{"class":63},[49,102885,357],{"class":346},[49,102887,3519],{"class":350},[49,102889,347],{"class":346},[49,102891,71],{"class":63},[49,102893,357],{"class":346},[49,102895,32644],{"class":350},[49,102897,347],{"class":346},[49,102899,8741],{"class":63},[49,102901,102902],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,102903,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102905,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,102907,105],{"class":104},[49,102909,108],{"class":63},[49,102911,347],{"class":346},[49,102913,10988],{"class":350},[49,102915,347],{"class":346},[49,102917,71],{"class":63},[49,102919,52275],{"class":94},[49,102921,272],{"class":63},[49,102923,102924],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,102925,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102927,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,102929,35713],{"class":55},[49,102931,91],{"class":63},[49,102933,102208],{"class":94},[49,102935,108],{"class":63},[49,102937,347],{"class":346},[49,102939,3519],{"class":350},[49,102941,347],{"class":346},[49,102943,272],{"class":63},[49,102945,102946],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,102947,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,102949,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,102951,105],{"class":104},[49,102953,108],{"class":63},[49,102955,347],{"class":346},[49,102957,11028],{"class":350},[49,102959,347],{"class":346},[49,102961,71],{"class":63},[49,102963,52275],{"class":94},[49,102965,272],{"class":63},[20,102967,275],{},[40,102969,102971],{"className":42,"code":102970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,102972,102973,103005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102974,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102976,11048],{"class":55},[49,102978,135],{"class":63},[49,102980,9923],{"class":63},[49,102982,2734],{"class":346},[49,102984,3519],{"class":350},[49,102986,2734],{"class":346},[49,102988,71],{"class":63},[49,102990,2729],{"class":346},[49,102992,3510],{"class":350},[49,102994,2734],{"class":346},[49,102996,71],{"class":63},[49,102998,2729],{"class":346},[49,103000,32644],{"class":350},[49,103002,2734],{"class":346},[49,103004,8741],{"class":63},[49,103006,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103008,11101],{"class":55},[49,103010,135],{"class":63},[49,103012,9923],{"class":63},[49,103014,2734],{"class":346},[49,103016,3510],{"class":350},[49,103018,2734],{"class":346},[49,103020,71],{"class":63},[49,103022,2729],{"class":346},[49,103024,32644],{"class":350},[49,103026,2734],{"class":346},[49,103028,8741],{"class":63},[20,103030,103031],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[35,103033,103035],{"id":103034},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103037,103038,103039,103041],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103040,102141],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[40,103043,103045],{"className":42,"code":103044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103046,103047,103079,103083,103101,103105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103050,35661],{"class":55},[49,103052,60],{"class":59},[49,103054,9923],{"class":63},[49,103056,347],{"class":346},[49,103058,3510],{"class":350},[49,103060,347],{"class":346},[49,103062,71],{"class":63},[49,103064,357],{"class":346},[49,103066,3519],{"class":350},[49,103068,347],{"class":346},[49,103070,71],{"class":63},[49,103072,357],{"class":346},[49,103074,32644],{"class":350},[49,103076,347],{"class":346},[49,103078,8741],{"class":63},[49,103080,103081],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103082,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,103084,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103086,35713],{"class":55},[49,103088,91],{"class":63},[49,103090,102208],{"class":94},[49,103092,108],{"class":63},[49,103094,347],{"class":346},[49,103096,21955],{"class":350},[49,103098,347],{"class":346},[49,103100,272],{"class":63},[49,103102,103103],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,103104,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,103106,103107,103109,103111,103113],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,103108,105],{"class":104},[49,103110,108],{"class":63},[49,103112,35713],{"class":94},[49,103114,272],{"class":63},[20,103116,275],{},[40,103118,103120],{"className":42,"code":103119,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103121,103122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103123,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103125,8710],{"class":63},[49,103127,2734],{"class":346},[49,103129,3519],{"class":350},[49,103131,2734],{"class":346},[49,103133,71],{"class":63},[49,103135,2729],{"class":346},[49,103137,3510],{"class":350},[49,103139,2734],{"class":346},[49,103141,71],{"class":63},[49,103143,2729],{"class":346},[49,103145,32644],{"class":350},[49,103147,2734],{"class":346},[49,103149,8741],{"class":63},[20,103151,103152],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103154,103155],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[40,103157,103159],{"className":42,"code":103158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103160,103161,103177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103162,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103164,6431],{"class":3306},[49,103166,357],{"class":346},[49,103168,21955],{"class":350},[49,103170,347],{"class":346},[49,103172,20595],{"class":59},[49,103174,52275],{"class":55},[49,103176,5826],{"class":63},[49,103178,103179,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103180,103181],{"class":55},"    fruits",[49,103183,91],{"class":63},[49,103185,34215],{"class":94},[49,103187,108],{"class":63},[49,103189,347],{"class":346},[49,103191,21955],{"class":350},[49,103193,347],{"class":346},[49,103195,272],{"class":63},[20,103197,103198,103199,103201],{},"With ",[15,103200,102141],{},", you can simply write:",[40,103203,103205],{"className":42,"code":103204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103206,103207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103208,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103210,35713],{"class":55},[49,103212,91],{"class":63},[49,103214,102208],{"class":94},[49,103216,108],{"class":63},[49,103218,347],{"class":346},[49,103220,21955],{"class":350},[49,103222,347],{"class":346},[49,103224,272],{"class":63},[35,103226,740,103228],{"id":103227},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103229,102141],{},[20,103231,120,103232,10033],{},[15,103233,102141],{},[137,103235,103236,103239,103242],{},[140,103237,103238],{},"Missing values are normal",[140,103240,103241],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[140,103243,103244],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103246,103247],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[35,103249,2261],{"id":2260},[20,103251,7878,103252,91],{},[15,103253,102141],{},[528,103255,1011,103257,103259],{"id":103256},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103258,102141],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103261,3956],{},[40,103263,103265],{"className":42,"code":103264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103266,103267,103287,103305,103309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103268,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103270,214],{"class":55},[49,103272,60],{"class":59},[49,103274,9923],{"class":63},[49,103276,68],{"class":67},[49,103278,71],{"class":63},[49,103280,74],{"class":67},[49,103282,71],{"class":63},[49,103284,79],{"class":67},[49,103286,8741],{"class":63},[49,103288,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103290,214],{"class":55},[49,103292,60],{"class":59},[49,103294,3695],{"class":55},[49,103296,91],{"class":63},[49,103298,102208],{"class":94},[49,103300,108],{"class":63},[49,103302,1488],{"class":67},[49,103304,272],{"class":63},[49,103306,103307],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103308,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,103310,103311,103313,103315,103317],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,103312,105],{"class":104},[49,103314,108],{"class":63},[49,103316,249],{"class":94},[49,103318,272],{"class":63},[20,103320,103321,483,103323,8032,103325,320,103327,91],{},[15,103322,249],{},[15,103324,323],{},[15,103326,102141],{},[15,103328,323],{},[20,103330,18263],{},[40,103332,103334],{"className":42,"code":103333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103335,103336,103356,103370,103374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103337,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103339,214],{"class":55},[49,103341,60],{"class":59},[49,103343,9923],{"class":63},[49,103345,68],{"class":67},[49,103347,71],{"class":63},[49,103349,74],{"class":67},[49,103351,71],{"class":63},[49,103353,79],{"class":67},[49,103355,8741],{"class":63},[49,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103359,249],{"class":55},[49,103361,91],{"class":63},[49,103363,102208],{"class":94},[49,103365,108],{"class":63},[49,103367,1488],{"class":67},[49,103369,272],{"class":63},[49,103371,103372],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103373,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,103375,103376,103378,103380,103382],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,103377,105],{"class":104},[49,103379,108],{"class":63},[49,103381,249],{"class":94},[49,103383,272],{"class":63},[528,103385,36627,103387,8135,103389],{"id":103386},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103388,102141],{},[15,103390,1335],{},[20,103392,103393,103394,91],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103395,102141],{},[40,103397,103399],{"className":42,"code":103398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103400,103401,103433,103454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103402,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103404,35513],{"class":55},[49,103406,60],{"class":59},[49,103408,9923],{"class":63},[49,103410,347],{"class":346},[49,103412,308],{"class":350},[49,103414,347],{"class":346},[49,103416,71],{"class":63},[49,103418,357],{"class":346},[49,103420,360],{"class":350},[49,103422,347],{"class":346},[49,103424,71],{"class":63},[49,103426,357],{"class":346},[49,103428,369],{"class":350},[49,103430,347],{"class":346},[49,103432,8741],{"class":63},[49,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103436,35566],{"class":55},[49,103438,91],{"class":63},[49,103440,102208],{"class":94},[49,103442,108],{"class":63},[49,103444,347],{"class":346},[49,103446,21499],{"class":350},[49,103448,347],{"class":346},[49,103450,113],{"class":63},[49,103452,103453],{"class":116},"   # safe\n",[49,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103457,105],{"class":104},[49,103459,108],{"class":63},[49,103461,35566],{"class":94},[49,103463,272],{"class":63},[20,103465,103466,103467,45332,103470,91],{},"If you use ",[15,103468,103469],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103471,19110],{},[528,103473,25039,103475,103477],{"id":103474},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103476,102141],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103479,103480,101494],{},[15,103481,102141],{},[20,103483,16066],{},[40,103485,103487],{"className":42,"code":103486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103488,103489,103509],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103492,56],{"class":55},[49,103494,60],{"class":59},[49,103496,64],{"class":63},[49,103498,68],{"class":67},[49,103500,71],{"class":63},[49,103502,74],{"class":67},[49,103504,71],{"class":63},[49,103506,79],{"class":67},[49,103508,82],{"class":63},[49,103510,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103512,88],{"class":55},[49,103514,91],{"class":63},[49,103516,102208],{"class":94},[49,103518,108],{"class":63},[49,103520,1488],{"class":67},[49,103522,272],{"class":63},[20,103524,103525,103526,135],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103527,102141],{},[40,103529,103531],{"className":42,"code":103530,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103532,103533,103553,103567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103534,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103536,56],{"class":55},[49,103538,60],{"class":59},[49,103540,9923],{"class":63},[49,103542,68],{"class":67},[49,103544,71],{"class":63},[49,103546,74],{"class":67},[49,103548,71],{"class":63},[49,103550,79],{"class":67},[49,103552,8741],{"class":63},[49,103554,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103556,88],{"class":55},[49,103558,91],{"class":63},[49,103560,102208],{"class":94},[49,103562,108],{"class":63},[49,103564,1488],{"class":67},[49,103566,272],{"class":63},[49,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103570,105],{"class":104},[49,103572,108],{"class":63},[49,103574,88],{"class":94},[49,103576,272],{"class":63},[528,103578,103580],{"id":103579},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103582,103583],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103585,2268],{},[40,103587,103589],{"className":42,"code":103588,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103590,103591,103611],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103594,8597],{"class":55},[49,103596,60],{"class":59},[49,103598,9923],{"class":63},[49,103600,68],{"class":67},[49,103602,71],{"class":63},[49,103604,74],{"class":67},[49,103606,71],{"class":63},[49,103608,79],{"class":67},[49,103610,8741],{"class":63},[49,103612,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103614,8636],{"class":55},[49,103616,91],{"class":63},[49,103618,102208],{"class":94},[49,103620,2418],{"class":63},[49,103622,1488],{"class":67},[49,103624,3319],{"class":63},[20,103626,103627],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[35,103629,8303],{"id":8302},[20,103631,8306,103632,103634],{},[15,103633,102141],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,103636,103638],{"className":42,"code":103637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103639,103640,103650,103664,103678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103641,103642,103644,103646,103648],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103643,105],{"class":104},[49,103645,108],{"class":63},[49,103647,15088],{"class":94},[49,103649,272],{"class":63},[49,103651,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103653,105],{"class":104},[49,103655,108],{"class":63},[49,103657,1175],{"class":1174},[49,103659,108],{"class":63},[49,103661,15088],{"class":94},[49,103663,1182],{"class":63},[49,103665,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103667,105],{"class":104},[49,103669,108],{"class":63},[49,103671,1878],{"class":94},[49,103673,3313],{"class":3306},[49,103675,96211],{"class":94},[49,103677,272],{"class":63},[49,103679,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,103681,31575],{"class":104},[49,103683,108],{"class":63},[49,103685,5720],{"class":1174},[49,103687,91],{"class":63},[49,103689,102208],{"class":915},[49,103691,272],{"class":63},[20,103693,10601],{},[137,103695,103696,103699,103702,103705],{},[140,103697,103698],{},"What is currently in the set",[140,103700,103701],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[140,103703,103704],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[140,103706,103707],{},"How Python documents the method",[35,103709,1253],{"id":1252},[528,103711,103713],{"id":103712},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103715,103716,103717,103719],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103718,102141],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[528,103721,4573,103723,12137],{"id":103722},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103724,102146],{},[20,103726,4579,103727,103729],{},[15,103728,323],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[528,103731,1279,103733,618,103735,1284],{"id":103732},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103734,102141],{},[15,103736,1335],{},[20,103738,103739,103740,25961,103742,103744,103745,103747],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103741,1335],{},[15,103743,19110],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103746,102141],{}," does not.",[528,103749,1296,103751,103753],{"id":103750},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103752,102141],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103755,45789,103756,103758],{},[15,103757,102141],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[35,103760,1309],{"id":1308},[137,103762,103763,103769,103775,103780,103784],{},[140,103764,103765],{},[308,103766,96101,103767,736],{"href":97496},[15,103768,1335],{},[140,103770,103771],{},[308,103772,96101,103773,736],{"href":97501},[15,103774,1328],{},[140,103776,103777],{},[308,103778,103779],{"href":97170},"Python set: creating a set",[140,103781,103782],{},[308,103783,99636],{"href":98078},[140,103785,103786],{},[308,103787,10693],{"href":10505},[1352,103789,103790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":103792},[103793,103794,103796,103799,103804,103805,103806,103807,103809,103818,103819,103828],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":102318,"depth":85,"text":103795},"What set.discard() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":103797},[103798],{"id":102391,"depth":101,"text":102392},{"id":102471,"depth":85,"text":103800,"children":103801},"What makes discard() different",[103802],{"id":102510,"depth":101,"text":103803},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102663,"depth":85,"text":102664},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":103034,"depth":85,"text":103035},{"id":103227,"depth":85,"text":103808},"When to use discard()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":103810},[103811,103813,103815,103817],{"id":103256,"depth":101,"text":103812},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103386,"depth":101,"text":103814},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103474,"depth":101,"text":103816},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103579,"depth":101,"text":103580},{"id":8302,"depth":85,"text":8303},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":103820},[103821,103822,103824,103826],{"id":103712,"depth":101,"text":103713},{"id":103722,"depth":101,"text":103823},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103732,"depth":101,"text":103825},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103750,"depth":101,"text":103827},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102133,"description":103829},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103836,"title":103837,"body":103838,"description":105844,"extension":1392,"meta":105845,"navigation":243,"path":105846,"seo":105847,"stem":105848,"__hash__":105849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103839,"toc":105802},[103840,103843,103851,103856,103867,103869,103924,103928,103948,103953,103957,103962,103964,103978,103980,104055,104057,104090,104095,104100,104102,104104,104119,104122,104130,104135,104150,104152,104241,104243,104332,104338,104342,104344,104382,104384,104408,104411,104426,104428,104483,104485,104518,104520,104525,104529,104533,104538,104603,104605,104625,104631,104635,104692,104694,104715,104719,104724,104769,104771,104804,104807,104811,104844,104846,104875,104879,104883,104886,104888,104907,104909,104955,104960,104974,104976,105007,105012,105015,105059,105061,105089,105093,105097,105113,105116,105181,105183,105195,105198,105202,105205,105210,105238,105240,105258,105264,105303,105305,105323,105329,105358,105360,105378,105381,105398,105400,105405,105409,105412,105438,105445,105450,105465,105474,105478,105481,105512,105518,105521,105530,105533,105535,105537,105595,105598,105623,105625,105629,105632,105636,105644,105648,105651,105655,105658,105660,105683,105685,105726,105733,105741,105744,105775,105777,105799],[10,103841,103837],{"id":103842},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103844,8554,103845,103847,103848,91],{},[15,103846,3226],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,103849,103850],{},"unique values only",[20,103852,34827,103853,103855],{},[15,103854,3226],{}," to:",[137,103857,103858,103861,103864],{},[140,103859,103860],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[140,103862,103863],{},"check whether a value exists",[140,103865,103866],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[35,103868,1434],{"id":1433},[40,103870,103872],{"className":42,"code":103871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103873,103874,103898,103913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103875,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103877,214],{"class":55},[49,103879,60],{"class":59},[49,103881,64],{"class":63},[49,103883,68],{"class":67},[49,103885,71],{"class":63},[49,103887,74],{"class":67},[49,103889,71],{"class":63},[49,103891,74],{"class":67},[49,103893,71],{"class":63},[49,103895,79],{"class":67},[49,103897,82],{"class":63},[49,103899,103900,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,103901,103902],{"class":55},"unique_numbers ",[49,103904,60],{"class":59},[49,103906,15055],{"class":1174},[49,103908,108],{"class":63},[49,103910,249],{"class":94},[49,103912,272],{"class":63},[49,103914,103915,103917,103919,103922],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,103916,105],{"class":104},[49,103918,108],{"class":63},[49,103920,103921],{"class":94},"unique_numbers",[49,103923,272],{"class":63},[20,103925,103926],{},[30,103927,275],{},[40,103929,103930],{"className":42,"code":95894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,103931,103932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103933,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103935,8710],{"class":63},[49,103937,68],{"class":67},[49,103939,71],{"class":63},[49,103941,74],{"class":67},[49,103943,71],{"class":63},[49,103945,79],{"class":67},[49,103947,8741],{"class":63},[20,103949,120,103950,103952],{},[15,103951,3226],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[35,103954,103956],{"id":103955},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,103958,103959,103961],{},[15,103960,3226],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,103963,29963],{},[137,103965,103966,103969,103972,103975],{},[140,103967,103968],{},"A set stores unique items only",[140,103970,103971],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[140,103973,103974],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[140,103976,103977],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,103979,761],{},[40,103981,103983],{"className":42,"code":103982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,103984,103985,104025,104040,104044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103986,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103988,12495],{"class":55},[49,103990,60],{"class":59},[49,103992,64],{"class":63},[49,103994,347],{"class":346},[49,103996,12512],{"class":350},[49,103998,347],{"class":346},[49,104000,71],{"class":63},[49,104002,357],{"class":346},[49,104004,12529],{"class":350},[49,104006,347],{"class":346},[49,104008,71],{"class":63},[49,104010,357],{"class":346},[49,104012,12512],{"class":350},[49,104014,347],{"class":346},[49,104016,71],{"class":63},[49,104018,357],{"class":346},[49,104020,16877],{"class":350},[49,104022,347],{"class":346},[49,104024,82],{"class":63},[49,104026,104027,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104028,104029],{"class":55},"unique_colors ",[49,104031,60],{"class":59},[49,104033,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104035,108],{"class":63},[49,104037,16924],{"class":94},[49,104039,272],{"class":63},[49,104041,104042],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104043,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,104045,104046,104048,104050,104053],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104047,105],{"class":104},[49,104049,108],{"class":63},[49,104051,104052],{"class":94},"unique_colors",[49,104054,272],{"class":63},[20,104056,29453],{},[40,104058,104060],{"className":42,"code":104059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104061,104062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104063,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104065,8710],{"class":63},[49,104067,2734],{"class":346},[49,104069,12529],{"class":350},[49,104071,2734],{"class":346},[49,104073,71],{"class":63},[49,104075,2729],{"class":346},[49,104077,16877],{"class":350},[49,104079,2734],{"class":346},[49,104081,71],{"class":63},[49,104083,2729],{"class":346},[49,104085,12512],{"class":350},[49,104087,2734],{"class":346},[49,104089,8741],{"class":63},[20,104091,1718,104092,104094],{},[15,104093,64676],{}," appears only once.",[20,104096,104097,104098,91],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[308,104099,95615],{"href":95614},[35,104101,164],{"id":163},[20,104103,1592],{},[40,104105,104107],{"className":42,"code":104106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104108,104109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104110,104111,104113,104115,104117],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104112,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104114,108],{"class":63},[49,104116,3151],{"class":94},[49,104118,272],{"class":63},[20,104120,104121],{},"The argument is optional.",[137,104123,104124,104127],{},[140,104125,104126],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[140,104128,104129],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104131,104132,104133,135],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104134,3226],{},[137,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143,104147],{},[140,104138,7526],{},[140,104140,48378],{},[140,104142,60457],{},[140,104144,104145],{},[15,104146,35620],{},[140,104148,104149],{},"another set",[20,104151,1558],{},[40,104153,104155],{"className":42,"code":104154,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104156,104157,104183,104205,104223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104158,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104160,105],{"class":104},[49,104162,108],{"class":63},[49,104164,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104166,2418],{"class":63},[49,104168,68],{"class":67},[49,104170,71],{"class":63},[49,104172,74],{"class":67},[49,104174,71],{"class":63},[49,104176,74],{"class":67},[49,104178,71],{"class":63},[49,104180,79],{"class":67},[49,104182,2431],{"class":63},[49,104184,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104186,105],{"class":104},[49,104188,108],{"class":63},[49,104190,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104192,4943],{"class":63},[49,104194,221],{"class":67},[49,104196,71],{"class":63},[49,104198,226],{"class":67},[49,104200,71],{"class":63},[49,104202,5437],{"class":67},[49,104204,2344],{"class":63},[49,104206,104207,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104208,105],{"class":104},[49,104210,108],{"class":63},[49,104212,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104214,108],{"class":63},[49,104216,347],{"class":346},[49,104218,1121],{"class":350},[49,104220,347],{"class":346},[49,104222,1182],{"class":63},[49,104224,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104226,105],{"class":104},[49,104228,108],{"class":63},[49,104230,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104232,108],{"class":63},[49,104234,59281],{"class":104},[49,104236,108],{"class":63},[49,104238,1936],{"class":67},[49,104240,2344],{"class":63},[20,104242,29453],{},[40,104244,104246],{"className":42,"code":104245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104247,104248,104264,104276,104312],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104249,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104251,8710],{"class":63},[49,104253,68],{"class":67},[49,104255,71],{"class":63},[49,104257,74],{"class":67},[49,104259,71],{"class":63},[49,104261,79],{"class":67},[49,104263,8741],{"class":63},[49,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104267,8710],{"class":63},[49,104269,221],{"class":67},[49,104271,71],{"class":63},[49,104273,226],{"class":67},[49,104275,8741],{"class":63},[49,104277,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104279,8710],{"class":63},[49,104281,2734],{"class":346},[49,104283,59721],{"class":350},[49,104285,2734],{"class":346},[49,104287,71],{"class":63},[49,104289,2729],{"class":346},[49,104291,59730],{"class":350},[49,104293,2734],{"class":346},[49,104295,71],{"class":63},[49,104297,2729],{"class":346},[49,104299,59739],{"class":350},[49,104301,2734],{"class":346},[49,104303,71],{"class":63},[49,104305,2729],{"class":346},[49,104307,59756],{"class":350},[49,104309,2734],{"class":346},[49,104311,8741],{"class":63},[49,104313,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104315,8710],{"class":63},[49,104317,1552],{"class":67},[49,104319,71],{"class":63},[49,104321,4930],{"class":67},[49,104323,71],{"class":63},[49,104325,74],{"class":67},[49,104327,71],{"class":63},[49,104329,79],{"class":67},[49,104331,8741],{"class":63},[20,104333,104334,104335,91],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[308,104336,104337],{"href":64131},"Python list() function explained",[35,104339,104341],{"id":104340},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104343,97567],{},[40,104345,104346],{"className":42,"code":98532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104347,104348,104358,104368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104349,104350,104352,104354,104356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104351,97577],{"class":55},[49,104353,60],{"class":59},[49,104355,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104357,98],{"class":63},[49,104359,104360,104362,104364,104366],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104361,105],{"class":104},[49,104363,108],{"class":63},[49,104365,97596],{"class":94},[49,104367,272],{"class":63},[49,104369,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104371,105],{"class":104},[49,104373,108],{"class":63},[49,104375,1175],{"class":1174},[49,104377,108],{"class":63},[49,104379,97596],{"class":94},[49,104381,1182],{"class":63},[20,104383,275],{},[40,104385,104386],{"className":42,"code":98575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104387,104388,104394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104389,104390,104392],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104391,5720],{"class":1174},[49,104393,98],{"class":63},[49,104395,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104397,2723],{"class":59},[49,104399,2726],{"class":1497},[49,104401,2729],{"class":346},[49,104403,5720],{"class":350},[49,104405,2734],{"class":346},[49,104407,2737],{"class":59},[20,104409,104410],{},"This is important because:",[137,104412,104413,104418],{},[140,104414,104415,104417],{},[15,104416,3226],{}," creates an empty set",[140,104419,104420,104422,104423,104425],{},[15,104421,3221],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104424,329],{}," a set",[20,104427,761],{},[40,104429,104431],{"className":42,"code":104430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104432,104433,104443,104451,104455,104469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104434,104435,104437,104439,104441],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104436,543],{"class":55},[49,104438,60],{"class":59},[49,104440,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104442,98],{"class":63},[49,104444,104445,104447,104449],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104446,564],{"class":55},[49,104448,60],{"class":59},[49,104450,9270],{"class":63},[49,104452,104453],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104454,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,104456,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104458,105],{"class":104},[49,104460,108],{"class":63},[49,104462,1175],{"class":1174},[49,104464,108],{"class":63},[49,104466,308],{"class":94},[49,104468,1182],{"class":63},[49,104470,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,104472,105],{"class":104},[49,104474,108],{"class":63},[49,104476,1175],{"class":1174},[49,104478,108],{"class":63},[49,104480,360],{"class":94},[49,104482,1182],{"class":63},[20,104484,275],{},[40,104486,104488],{"className":42,"code":104487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104489,104490,104504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104491,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104493,2723],{"class":59},[49,104495,2726],{"class":1497},[49,104497,2729],{"class":346},[49,104499,5720],{"class":350},[49,104501,2734],{"class":346},[49,104503,2737],{"class":59},[49,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104507,2723],{"class":59},[49,104509,2726],{"class":1497},[49,104511,2729],{"class":346},[49,104513,8252],{"class":350},[49,104515,2734],{"class":346},[49,104517,2737],{"class":59},[20,104519,13469],{},[20,104521,104522,104523,91],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[308,104524,103779],{"href":95618},[35,104526,104528],{"id":104527},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[528,104530,104532],{"id":104531},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104534,104535,104536,91],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104537,3226],{},[40,104539,104541],{"className":42,"code":104540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104542,104543,104575,104589,104593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104544,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104546,214],{"class":55},[49,104548,60],{"class":59},[49,104550,64],{"class":63},[49,104552,68],{"class":67},[49,104554,71],{"class":63},[49,104556,74],{"class":67},[49,104558,71],{"class":63},[49,104560,74],{"class":67},[49,104562,71],{"class":63},[49,104564,79],{"class":67},[49,104566,71],{"class":63},[49,104568,79],{"class":67},[49,104570,71],{"class":63},[49,104572,79],{"class":67},[49,104574,82],{"class":63},[49,104576,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104578,382],{"class":55},[49,104580,60],{"class":59},[49,104582,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104584,108],{"class":63},[49,104586,249],{"class":94},[49,104588,272],{"class":63},[49,104590,104591],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104592,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,104594,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104596,105],{"class":104},[49,104598,108],{"class":63},[49,104600,420],{"class":94},[49,104602,272],{"class":63},[20,104604,275],{},[40,104606,104607],{"className":42,"code":95894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104608,104609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104610,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104612,8710],{"class":63},[49,104614,68],{"class":67},[49,104616,71],{"class":63},[49,104618,74],{"class":67},[49,104620,71],{"class":63},[49,104622,79],{"class":67},[49,104624,8741],{"class":63},[20,104626,104627,104628,91],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[308,104629,98365],{"href":104630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[528,104632,104634],{"id":104633},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[40,104636,104638],{"className":42,"code":104637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104639,104640,104664,104678,104682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104641,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104643,3252],{"class":55},[49,104645,60],{"class":59},[49,104647,8668],{"class":63},[49,104649,1569],{"class":67},[49,104651,71],{"class":63},[49,104653,4036],{"class":67},[49,104655,71],{"class":63},[49,104657,5437],{"class":67},[49,104659,71],{"class":63},[49,104661,37360],{"class":67},[49,104663,272],{"class":63},[49,104665,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104667,382],{"class":55},[49,104669,60],{"class":59},[49,104671,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104673,108],{"class":63},[49,104675,4790],{"class":94},[49,104677,272],{"class":63},[49,104679,104680],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104681,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,104683,104684,104686,104688,104690],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104685,105],{"class":104},[49,104687,108],{"class":63},[49,104689,420],{"class":94},[49,104691,272],{"class":63},[20,104693,275],{},[40,104695,104697],{"className":42,"code":104696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104698,104699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104702,8710],{"class":63},[49,104704,1569],{"class":67},[49,104706,71],{"class":63},[49,104708,5437],{"class":67},[49,104710,71],{"class":63},[49,104712,37360],{"class":67},[49,104714,8741],{"class":63},[528,104716,104718],{"id":104717},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104720,50552,104721,104723],{},[15,104722,3226],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[40,104725,104727],{"className":42,"code":104726,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104728,104729,104741,104755,104759],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104730,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104732,1114],{"class":55},[49,104734,60],{"class":59},[49,104736,357],{"class":346},[49,104738,3519],{"class":350},[49,104740,1124],{"class":346},[49,104742,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104744,382],{"class":55},[49,104746,60],{"class":59},[49,104748,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104750,108],{"class":63},[49,104752,1129],{"class":94},[49,104754,272],{"class":63},[49,104756,104757],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,104758,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,104760,104761,104763,104765,104767],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,104762,105],{"class":104},[49,104764,108],{"class":63},[49,104766,420],{"class":94},[49,104768,272],{"class":63},[20,104770,29453],{},[40,104772,104774],{"className":42,"code":104773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104775,104776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104777,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104779,8710],{"class":63},[49,104781,2734],{"class":346},[49,104783,360],{"class":350},[49,104785,2734],{"class":346},[49,104787,71],{"class":63},[49,104789,2729],{"class":346},[49,104791,308],{"class":350},[49,104793,2734],{"class":346},[49,104795,71],{"class":63},[49,104797,2729],{"class":346},[49,104799,75314],{"class":350},[49,104801,2734],{"class":346},[49,104803,8741],{"class":63},[20,104805,104806],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[528,104808,104810],{"id":104809},"from-range","From range()",[40,104812,104814],{"className":42,"code":104813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104815,104816,104834],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104817,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104819,382],{"class":55},[49,104821,60],{"class":59},[49,104823,15055],{"class":1174},[49,104825,108],{"class":63},[49,104827,59281],{"class":104},[49,104829,108],{"class":63},[49,104831,1569],{"class":67},[49,104833,1182],{"class":63},[49,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104837,105],{"class":104},[49,104839,108],{"class":63},[49,104841,420],{"class":94},[49,104843,272],{"class":63},[20,104845,275],{},[40,104847,104849],{"className":42,"code":104848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104850,104851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104852,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104854,8710],{"class":63},[49,104856,1552],{"class":67},[49,104858,71],{"class":63},[49,104860,4930],{"class":67},[49,104862,71],{"class":63},[49,104864,74],{"class":67},[49,104866,71],{"class":63},[49,104868,79],{"class":67},[49,104870,71],{"class":63},[49,104872,1888],{"class":67},[49,104874,8741],{"class":63},[35,104876,104878],{"id":104877},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104880,98812,104881,91],{},[30,104882,95658],{},[20,104884,104885],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104887,98818],{},[137,104889,104890,104894,104898,104902],{},[140,104891,104892],{},[15,104893,1621],{},[140,104895,104896],{},[15,104897,2877],{},[140,104899,104900],{},[15,104901,1625],{},[140,104903,104904,104906],{},[15,104905,48378],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,104908,761],{},[40,104910,104912],{"className":42,"code":104911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,104913,104914,104945],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104915,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104917,56],{"class":55},[49,104919,60],{"class":59},[49,104921,9923],{"class":63},[49,104923,68],{"class":67},[49,104925,71],{"class":63},[49,104927,357],{"class":346},[49,104929,1121],{"class":350},[49,104931,347],{"class":346},[49,104933,71],{"class":63},[49,104935,8668],{"class":63},[49,104937,221],{"class":67},[49,104939,71],{"class":63},[49,104941,226],{"class":67},[49,104943,104944],{"class":63},")}\n",[49,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,104948,105],{"class":104},[49,104950,108],{"class":63},[49,104952,88],{"class":94},[49,104954,272],{"class":63},[20,104956,98880,104957,104959],{},[30,104958,329],{}," work inside a set:",[137,104961,104962,104966,104970],{},[140,104963,104964],{},[15,104965,7526],{},[140,104967,104968],{},[15,104969,8252],{},[140,104971,104972],{},[15,104973,5720],{},[20,104975,96383],{},[40,104977,104979],{"className":42,"code":104978,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,104980,104981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104982,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104984,98899],{"class":55},[49,104986,60],{"class":59},[49,104988,98904],{"class":63},[49,104990,68],{"class":67},[49,104992,71],{"class":63},[49,104994,74],{"class":67},[49,104996,17484],{"class":63},[49,104998,64],{"class":63},[49,105000,1494],{"class":67},[49,105002,71],{"class":63},[49,105004,1888],{"class":67},[49,105006,13126],{"class":63},[20,105008,76142,105009,105011],{},[15,105010,2437],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105013,105014],{},"A safer example:",[40,105016,105018],{"className":42,"code":105017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105019,105020,105048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105021,105022,105025,105027,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105023,105024],{"class":55},"good_set ",[49,105026,60],{"class":59},[49,105028,105029],{"class":63}," {(",[49,105031,68],{"class":67},[49,105033,71],{"class":63},[49,105035,74],{"class":67},[49,105037,8665],{"class":63},[49,105039,8668],{"class":63},[49,105041,1494],{"class":67},[49,105043,71],{"class":63},[49,105045,1888],{"class":67},[49,105047,104944],{"class":63},[49,105049,105050,105052,105054,105057],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105051,105],{"class":104},[49,105053,108],{"class":63},[49,105055,105056],{"class":94},"good_set",[49,105058,272],{"class":63},[20,105060,275],{},[40,105062,105064],{"className":42,"code":105063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105065,105066],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105067,105068,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105069,105070],{"class":63},"{(",[49,105072,68],{"class":67},[49,105074,71],{"class":63},[49,105076,74],{"class":67},[49,105078,8665],{"class":63},[49,105080,8668],{"class":63},[49,105082,1494],{"class":67},[49,105084,71],{"class":63},[49,105086,1888],{"class":67},[49,105088,104944],{"class":63},[35,105090,105092],{"id":105091},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105094,120,105095,10033],{},[15,105096,3226],{},[137,105098,105099,105102,105107,105110],{},[140,105100,105101],{},"you need unique values only",[140,105103,105104,105105],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105106,3313],{},[140,105108,105109],{},"order does not matter",[140,105111,105112],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105114,105115],{},"Example of membership checking:",[40,105117,105119],{"className":42,"code":105118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105120,105121,105146,105150,105166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105122,105123,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105139,105141,105144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105124,105125],{"class":55},"allowed_ids ",[49,105127,60],{"class":59},[49,105129,15055],{"class":1174},[49,105131,2418],{"class":63},[49,105133,46016],{"class":67},[49,105135,71],{"class":63},[49,105137,105138],{"class":67}," 102",[49,105140,71],{"class":63},[49,105142,105143],{"class":67}," 103",[49,105145,3319],{"class":63},[49,105147,105148],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105149,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,105151,105152,105154,105156,105159,105161,105164],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,105153,105],{"class":104},[49,105155,108],{"class":63},[49,105157,105158],{"class":67},"102",[49,105160,20595],{"class":3306},[49,105162,105163],{"class":94}," allowed_ids",[49,105165,272],{"class":63},[49,105167,105168,105170,105172,105175,105177,105179],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,105169,105],{"class":104},[49,105171,108],{"class":63},[49,105173,105174],{"class":67},"999",[49,105176,20595],{"class":3306},[49,105178,105163],{"class":94},[49,105180,272],{"class":63},[20,105182,275],{},[40,105184,105185],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105186,105187,105191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105188,105189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105190,3410],{"class":3281},[49,105192,105193],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105194,3471],{"class":3281},[20,105196,105197],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[35,105199,105201],{"id":105200},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105203,105204],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[528,105206,120,105208,97509],{"id":105207},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105209,3226],{},[40,105211,105212],{"className":42,"code":97570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105213,105214,105224],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105215,105216,105218,105220,105222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105217,97577],{"class":55},[49,105219,60],{"class":59},[49,105221,15055],{"class":1174},[49,105223,98],{"class":63},[49,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105227,105],{"class":104},[49,105229,108],{"class":63},[49,105231,1175],{"class":1174},[49,105233,108],{"class":63},[49,105235,97596],{"class":94},[49,105237,1182],{"class":63},[20,105239,275],{},[40,105241,105242],{"className":42,"code":8283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105243,105244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105245,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105247,2723],{"class":59},[49,105249,2726],{"class":1497},[49,105251,2729],{"class":346},[49,105253,5720],{"class":350},[49,105255,2734],{"class":346},[49,105257,2737],{"class":59},[528,105259,120,105261,105263],{"id":105260},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105262,99569],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[40,105265,105267],{"className":42,"code":105266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105268,105269,105289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105270,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105272,214],{"class":55},[49,105274,60],{"class":59},[49,105276,9923],{"class":63},[49,105278,68],{"class":67},[49,105280,71],{"class":63},[49,105282,74],{"class":67},[49,105284,71],{"class":63},[49,105286,79],{"class":67},[49,105288,8741],{"class":63},[49,105290,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105292,105],{"class":104},[49,105294,108],{"class":63},[49,105296,1175],{"class":1174},[49,105298,108],{"class":63},[49,105300,249],{"class":94},[49,105302,1182],{"class":63},[20,105304,275],{},[40,105306,105307],{"className":42,"code":8283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105308,105309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105310,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105312,2723],{"class":59},[49,105314,2726],{"class":1497},[49,105316,2729],{"class":346},[49,105318,5720],{"class":350},[49,105320,2734],{"class":346},[49,105322,2737],{"class":59},[528,105324,120,105326,105328],{"id":105325},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105327,3221],{}," for an empty dictionary",[40,105330,105332],{"className":42,"code":105331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105333,105334,105343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105335,105336,105339,105341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105337,105338],{"class":55},"empty_dict ",[49,105340,60],{"class":59},[49,105342,9270],{"class":63},[49,105344,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105356],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105346,105],{"class":104},[49,105348,108],{"class":63},[49,105350,1175],{"class":1174},[49,105352,108],{"class":63},[49,105354,105355],{"class":94},"empty_dict",[49,105357,1182],{"class":63},[20,105359,275],{},[40,105361,105362],{"className":42,"code":8239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105363,105364],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105365,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105367,2723],{"class":59},[49,105369,2726],{"class":1497},[49,105371,2729],{"class":346},[49,105373,8252],{"class":350},[49,105375,2734],{"class":346},[49,105377,2737],{"class":59},[20,105379,105380],{},"So the rule is simple:",[137,105382,105383,105388,105393],{},[140,105384,105385,105387],{},[15,105386,3226],{}," → empty set",[140,105389,105390,105392],{},[15,105391,99569],{}," → non-empty set",[140,105394,105395,105397],{},[15,105396,3221],{}," → empty dictionary",[35,105399,2261],{"id":2260},[20,105401,105402,105403,91],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105404,3226],{},[528,105406,1092,105407,99167],{"id":99164},[15,105408,3221],{},[20,105410,105411],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[40,105413,105414],{"className":42,"code":99173,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105415,105416,105424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105417,105418,105420,105422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105419,1878],{"class":55},[49,105421,60],{"class":59},[49,105423,9270],{"class":63},[49,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105427,105],{"class":104},[49,105429,108],{"class":63},[49,105431,1175],{"class":1174},[49,105433,108],{"class":63},[49,105435,1904],{"class":94},[49,105437,1182],{"class":63},[528,105439,105441,105442],{"id":105440},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105443,105444],{},"set(5)",[20,105446,105447,105449],{},[15,105448,3226],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[40,105451,105453],{"className":42,"code":105452,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(5)\n",[15,105454,105455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105456,105457,105459,105461,105463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105458,5720],{"class":1174},[49,105460,108],{"class":63},[49,105462,1569],{"class":67},[49,105464,272],{"class":63},[20,105466,2434,105467,105469,105470,91],{},[15,105468,2437],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[308,105471,105473],{"href":105472},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[528,105475,105477],{"id":105476},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105479,105480],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[40,105482,105484],{"className":42,"code":105483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105485,105486],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105487,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105489,1878],{"class":55},[49,105491,60],{"class":59},[49,105493,98904],{"class":63},[49,105495,68],{"class":67},[49,105497,71],{"class":63},[49,105499,74],{"class":67},[49,105501,17484],{"class":63},[49,105503,64],{"class":63},[49,105505,1494],{"class":67},[49,105507,71],{"class":63},[49,105509,1888],{"class":67},[49,105511,13126],{"class":63},[528,105513,1011,105515,105517],{"id":105514},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105516,3226],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105519,105520],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[528,105522,36627,105524,8135,105526,2310,105528],{"id":105523},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105525,3226],{},[15,105527,24203],{},[15,105529,8551],{},[20,105531,105532],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[35,105534,59993],{"id":59992},[20,105536,10543],{},[40,105538,105540],{"className":42,"code":105539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105541,105542,105557,105567,105581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105545,105],{"class":104},[49,105547,108],{"class":63},[49,105549,1175],{"class":1174},[49,105551,108],{"class":63},[49,105553,105554],{"class":94},"my_value",[49,105556,1182],{"class":63},[49,105558,105559,105561,105563,105565],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105560,105],{"class":104},[49,105562,108],{"class":63},[49,105564,105554],{"class":94},[49,105566,272],{"class":63},[49,105568,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,105570,105],{"class":104},[49,105572,108],{"class":63},[49,105574,7526],{"class":1174},[49,105576,108],{"class":63},[49,105578,15088],{"class":94},[49,105580,1182],{"class":63},[49,105582,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,105584,105],{"class":104},[49,105586,108],{"class":63},[49,105588,10592],{"class":104},[49,105590,108],{"class":63},[49,105592,15088],{"class":94},[49,105594,1182],{"class":63},[20,105596,105597],{},"What they help you see:",[137,105599,105600,105606,105611,105617],{},[140,105601,105602,105605],{},[15,105603,105604],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[140,105607,105608,89833],{},[15,105609,105610],{},"print(my_value)",[140,105612,105613,105616],{},[15,105614,105615],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[140,105618,105619,105622],{},[15,105620,105621],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[35,105624,1253],{"id":1252},[528,105626,105628],{"id":105627},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105630,105631],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[528,105633,105635],{"id":105634},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105637,120,105638,105640,105641,105643],{},[15,105639,3226],{},". Do not use ",[15,105642,3221],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[528,105645,105647],{"id":105646},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105649,105650],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[528,105652,105654],{"id":105653},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105656,105657],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105659,761],{},[40,105661,105663],{"className":42,"code":105662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105664,105665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105666,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105668,105],{"class":104},[49,105670,108],{"class":63},[49,105672,5720],{"class":1174},[49,105674,108],{"class":63},[49,105676,347],{"class":346},[49,105678,3510],{"class":350},[49,105680,347],{"class":346},[49,105682,1182],{"class":63},[20,105684,29453],{},[40,105686,105688],{"className":42,"code":105687,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105689,105690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105691,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105693,8710],{"class":63},[49,105695,2734],{"class":346},[49,105697,308],{"class":350},[49,105699,2734],{"class":346},[49,105701,71],{"class":63},[49,105703,2729],{"class":346},[49,105705,20],{"class":350},[49,105707,2734],{"class":346},[49,105709,71],{"class":63},[49,105711,2729],{"class":346},[49,105713,59739],{"class":350},[49,105715,2734],{"class":346},[49,105717,71],{"class":63},[49,105719,2729],{"class":346},[49,105721,59730],{"class":350},[49,105723,2734],{"class":346},[49,105725,8741],{"class":63},[528,105727,4589,105729,105732],{"id":105728},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105730,105731],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105734,105735,28108,105737,105740],{},[15,105736,3226],{},[30,105738,105739],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105742,105743],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[40,105745,105747],{"className":42,"code":105746,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105748,105749],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105750,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105752,105],{"class":104},[49,105754,108],{"class":63},[49,105756,5720],{"class":1174},[49,105758,2418],{"class":63},[49,105760,68],{"class":67},[49,105762,71],{"class":63},[49,105764,74],{"class":67},[49,105766,71],{"class":63},[49,105768,79],{"class":67},[49,105770,71],{"class":63},[49,105772,1888],{"class":67},[49,105774,2431],{"class":63},[35,105776,1309],{"id":1308},[137,105778,105779,105783,105787,105791,105795],{},[140,105780,105781],{},[308,105782,95615],{"href":95614},[140,105784,105785],{},[308,105786,103779],{"href":95618},[140,105788,105789],{},[308,105790,99631],{"href":104630},[140,105792,105793],{},[308,105794,104337],{"href":64131},[140,105796,105797],{},[308,105798,105473],{"href":105472},[1352,105800,105801],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":105803},[105804,105805,105806,105807,105808,105814,105815,105816,105824,105834,105835,105843],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":103955,"depth":85,"text":103956},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":104340,"depth":85,"text":104341},{"id":104527,"depth":85,"text":104528,"children":105809},[105810,105811,105812,105813],{"id":104531,"depth":101,"text":104532},{"id":104633,"depth":101,"text":104634},{"id":104717,"depth":101,"text":104718},{"id":104809,"depth":101,"text":104810},{"id":104877,"depth":85,"text":104878},{"id":105091,"depth":85,"text":105092},{"id":105200,"depth":85,"text":105201,"children":105817},[105818,105820,105822],{"id":105207,"depth":101,"text":105819},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105260,"depth":101,"text":105821},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105325,"depth":101,"text":105823},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":105825},[105826,105827,105829,105830,105832],{"id":99164,"depth":101,"text":99672},{"id":105440,"depth":101,"text":105828},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105476,"depth":101,"text":105477},{"id":105514,"depth":101,"text":105831},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105523,"depth":101,"text":105833},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":59992,"depth":85,"text":59993},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":105836},[105837,105838,105839,105840,105841],{"id":105627,"depth":101,"text":105628},{"id":105634,"depth":101,"text":105635},{"id":105646,"depth":101,"text":105647},{"id":105653,"depth":101,"text":105654},{"id":105728,"depth":101,"text":105842},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103837,"description":105844},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105851,"title":105852,"body":105853,"description":107368,"extension":1392,"meta":107369,"navigation":243,"path":107370,"seo":107371,"stem":107372,"__hash__":107373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105854,"toc":107344},[105855,105861,105866,105869,105952,105957,105962,105967,105969,105982,105986,105988,106007,106010,106033,106036,106047,106049,106130,106132,106149,106151,106157,106160,106255,106257,106288,106290,106298,106300,106303,106414,106416,106441,106443,106465,106470,106475,106481,106590,106592,106608,106611,106614,106697,106699,106716,106724,106726,106730,106736,106827,106829,106862,106867,106874,106951,106953,106970,106976,106978,106982,106998,107001,107027,107029,107090,107092,107215,107217,107268,107274,107276,107281,107283,107289,107292,107296,107299,107303,107306,107316,107318,107341],[10,105856,3010,105858,18],{"id":105857},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105859,105860],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105862,1409,105863,105865],{},[15,105864,105860],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105867,105868],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[40,105870,105872],{"className":42,"code":105871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105873,105874,105894,105914,105918,105937,105947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105875,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105877,543],{"class":55},[49,105879,60],{"class":59},[49,105881,9923],{"class":63},[49,105883,68],{"class":67},[49,105885,71],{"class":63},[49,105887,74],{"class":67},[49,105889,71],{"class":63},[49,105891,79],{"class":67},[49,105893,8741],{"class":63},[49,105895,105896,105898,105900,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105912],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,105897,564],{"class":55},[49,105899,60],{"class":59},[49,105901,9923],{"class":63},[49,105903,1488],{"class":67},[49,105905,71],{"class":63},[49,105907,79],{"class":67},[49,105909,71],{"class":63},[49,105911,1888],{"class":67},[49,105913,8741],{"class":63},[49,105915,105916],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,105917,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,105919,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105931,105933,105935],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,105921,382],{"class":55},[49,105923,60],{"class":59},[49,105925,56169],{"class":55},[49,105927,91],{"class":63},[49,105929,105930],{"class":94},"intersection",[49,105932,108],{"class":63},[49,105934,360],{"class":94},[49,105936,272],{"class":63},[49,105938,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,105940,105],{"class":104},[49,105942,108],{"class":63},[49,105944,420],{"class":94},[49,105946,272],{"class":63},[49,105948,105949],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,105950,105951],{"class":116},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,105953,120,105954,105956],{},[15,105955,102078],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[35,105958,12415,105960,12418],{"id":105959},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,105961,102078],{},[20,105963,105964,105966],{},[15,105965,102078],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,105968,12471],{},[137,105970,105971,105974,105976,105979],{},[140,105972,105973],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[140,105975,99848],{},[140,105977,105978],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[140,105980,105981],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,105983,95611,105984,91],{},[308,105985,95615],{"href":95614},[35,105987,164],{"id":163},[40,105989,105991],{"className":42,"code":105990,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,105992,105993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105994,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105996,99872],{"class":55},[49,105998,91],{"class":63},[49,106000,105930],{"class":94},[49,106002,108],{"class":63},[49,106004,99881],{"class":94},[49,106006,272],{"class":63},[20,106008,106009],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[40,106011,106013],{"className":42,"code":106012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106014,106015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106016,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106018,99872],{"class":55},[49,106020,91],{"class":63},[49,106022,105930],{"class":94},[49,106024,108],{"class":63},[49,106026,99881],{"class":94},[49,106028,71],{"class":63},[49,106030,99908],{"class":94},[49,106032,272],{"class":63},[20,106034,106035],{},"Important notes:",[137,106037,106038,106041,106044],{},[140,106039,106040],{},"The result is always a new set",[140,106042,106043],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[140,106045,106046],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106048,761],{},[40,106050,106052],{"className":42,"code":106051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106053,106054,106078,106098,106102,106120],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106055,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106057,543],{"class":55},[49,106059,60],{"class":59},[49,106061,9923],{"class":63},[49,106063,68],{"class":67},[49,106065,71],{"class":63},[49,106067,74],{"class":67},[49,106069,71],{"class":63},[49,106071,79],{"class":67},[49,106073,71],{"class":63},[49,106075,1888],{"class":67},[49,106077,8741],{"class":63},[49,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106081,564],{"class":55},[49,106083,60],{"class":59},[49,106085,9923],{"class":63},[49,106087,1494],{"class":67},[49,106089,71],{"class":63},[49,106091,1888],{"class":67},[49,106093,71],{"class":63},[49,106095,4036],{"class":67},[49,106097,8741],{"class":63},[49,106099,106100],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106101,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106103,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106105,382],{"class":55},[49,106107,60],{"class":59},[49,106109,56169],{"class":55},[49,106111,91],{"class":63},[49,106113,105930],{"class":94},[49,106115,108],{"class":63},[49,106117,360],{"class":94},[49,106119,272],{"class":63},[49,106121,106122,106124,106126,106128],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106123,105],{"class":104},[49,106125,108],{"class":63},[49,106127,420],{"class":94},[49,106129,272],{"class":63},[20,106131,275],{},[40,106133,106135],{"className":42,"code":106134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106136,106137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106138,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106140,8710],{"class":63},[49,106142,1494],{"class":67},[49,106144,71],{"class":63},[49,106146,1888],{"class":67},[49,106148,8741],{"class":63},[35,106150,315],{"id":314},[20,106152,106153,21397,106155,91],{},[15,106154,102078],{},[30,106156,5720],{},[20,106158,106159],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[40,106161,106163],{"className":42,"code":106162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106164,106165,106185,106205,106209,106227,106231,106241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106166,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106168,543],{"class":55},[49,106170,60],{"class":59},[49,106172,9923],{"class":63},[49,106174,68],{"class":67},[49,106176,71],{"class":63},[49,106178,74],{"class":67},[49,106180,71],{"class":63},[49,106182,79],{"class":67},[49,106184,8741],{"class":63},[49,106186,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106188,564],{"class":55},[49,106190,60],{"class":59},[49,106192,9923],{"class":63},[49,106194,1488],{"class":67},[49,106196,71],{"class":63},[49,106198,79],{"class":67},[49,106200,71],{"class":63},[49,106202,1888],{"class":67},[49,106204,8741],{"class":63},[49,106206,106207],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106208,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106210,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106212,382],{"class":55},[49,106214,60],{"class":59},[49,106216,56169],{"class":55},[49,106218,91],{"class":63},[49,106220,105930],{"class":94},[49,106222,108],{"class":63},[49,106224,360],{"class":94},[49,106226,272],{"class":63},[49,106228,106229],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106230,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106232,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,106234,105],{"class":104},[49,106236,108],{"class":63},[49,106238,420],{"class":94},[49,106240,272],{"class":63},[49,106242,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,106244,105],{"class":104},[49,106246,108],{"class":63},[49,106248,1175],{"class":1174},[49,106250,108],{"class":63},[49,106252,420],{"class":94},[49,106254,1182],{"class":63},[20,106256,275],{},[40,106258,106260],{"className":42,"code":106259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106261,106262,106274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106263,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106265,8710],{"class":63},[49,106267,1488],{"class":67},[49,106269,71],{"class":63},[49,106271,79],{"class":67},[49,106273,8741],{"class":63},[49,106275,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106277,2723],{"class":59},[49,106279,2726],{"class":1497},[49,106281,2729],{"class":346},[49,106283,5720],{"class":350},[49,106285,2734],{"class":346},[49,106287,2737],{"class":59},[20,106289,85096],{},[137,106291,106292,106295],{},[140,106293,106294],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[140,106296,106297],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[35,106299,201],{"id":200},[20,106301,106302],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[40,106304,106306],{"className":42,"code":106305,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106307,106308,106341,106374,106378,106399,106403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106309,106310,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106311,106312],{"class":55},"colors1 ",[49,106314,60],{"class":59},[49,106316,9923],{"class":63},[49,106318,347],{"class":346},[49,106320,12512],{"class":350},[49,106322,347],{"class":346},[49,106324,71],{"class":63},[49,106326,357],{"class":346},[49,106328,12529],{"class":350},[49,106330,347],{"class":346},[49,106332,71],{"class":63},[49,106334,357],{"class":346},[49,106336,16877],{"class":350},[49,106338,347],{"class":346},[49,106340,8741],{"class":63},[49,106342,106343,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106344,106345],{"class":55},"colors2 ",[49,106347,60],{"class":59},[49,106349,9923],{"class":63},[49,106351,347],{"class":346},[49,106353,16877],{"class":350},[49,106355,347],{"class":346},[49,106357,71],{"class":63},[49,106359,357],{"class":346},[49,106361,21946],{"class":350},[49,106363,347],{"class":346},[49,106365,71],{"class":63},[49,106367,357],{"class":346},[49,106369,12529],{"class":350},[49,106371,347],{"class":346},[49,106373,8741],{"class":63},[49,106375,106376],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106377,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106379,106380,106383,106385,106388,106390,106392,106394,106397],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106381,106382],{"class":55},"common_colors ",[49,106384,60],{"class":59},[49,106386,106387],{"class":55}," colors1",[49,106389,91],{"class":63},[49,106391,105930],{"class":94},[49,106393,108],{"class":63},[49,106395,106396],{"class":94},"colors2",[49,106398,272],{"class":63},[49,106400,106401],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106402,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106404,106405,106407,106409,106412],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,106406,105],{"class":104},[49,106408,108],{"class":63},[49,106410,106411],{"class":94},"common_colors",[49,106413,272],{"class":63},[20,106415,275],{},[40,106417,106419],{"className":42,"code":106418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106420,106421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106422,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106424,8710],{"class":63},[49,106426,2734],{"class":346},[49,106428,12529],{"class":350},[49,106430,2734],{"class":346},[49,106432,71],{"class":63},[49,106434,2729],{"class":346},[49,106436,16877],{"class":350},[49,106438,2734],{"class":346},[49,106440,8741],{"class":63},[20,106442,287],{},[137,106444,106445,106451,106455,106460],{},[140,106446,106447,106450],{},[15,106448,106449],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[140,106452,106453,106450],{},[15,106454,106396],{},[140,106456,106457,106459],{},[15,106458,102078],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[140,106461,106462,106463],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106464,106411],{},[35,106466,1092,106468,100445],{"id":106467},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106469,102078],{},[20,106471,106472,106473,91],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106474,102078],{},[20,106476,106477,106478,106480],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106479,3146],{}," inputs will be kept.",[40,106482,106484],{"className":42,"code":106483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106485,106486,106510,106534,106554,106558,106580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106487,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106489,543],{"class":55},[49,106491,60],{"class":59},[49,106493,9923],{"class":63},[49,106495,68],{"class":67},[49,106497,71],{"class":63},[49,106499,74],{"class":67},[49,106501,71],{"class":63},[49,106503,79],{"class":67},[49,106505,71],{"class":63},[49,106507,1888],{"class":67},[49,106509,8741],{"class":63},[49,106511,106512,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106513,564],{"class":55},[49,106515,60],{"class":59},[49,106517,9923],{"class":63},[49,106519,1488],{"class":67},[49,106521,71],{"class":63},[49,106523,79],{"class":67},[49,106525,71],{"class":63},[49,106527,1888],{"class":67},[49,106529,71],{"class":63},[49,106531,4036],{"class":67},[49,106533,8741],{"class":63},[49,106535,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106537,82470],{"class":55},[49,106539,60],{"class":59},[49,106541,9923],{"class":63},[49,106543,1494],{"class":67},[49,106545,71],{"class":63},[49,106547,1888],{"class":67},[49,106549,71],{"class":63},[49,106551,37067],{"class":67},[49,106553,8741],{"class":63},[49,106555,106556],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106557,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106561,382],{"class":55},[49,106563,60],{"class":59},[49,106565,56169],{"class":55},[49,106567,91],{"class":63},[49,106569,105930],{"class":94},[49,106571,108],{"class":63},[49,106573,360],{"class":94},[49,106575,71],{"class":63},[49,106577,9114],{"class":94},[49,106579,272],{"class":63},[49,106581,106582,106584,106586,106588],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,106583,105],{"class":104},[49,106585,108],{"class":63},[49,106587,420],{"class":94},[49,106589,272],{"class":63},[20,106591,275],{},[40,106593,106594],{"className":42,"code":106134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,106595,106596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106599,8710],{"class":63},[49,106601,1494],{"class":67},[49,106603,71],{"class":63},[49,106605,1888],{"class":67},[49,106607,8741],{"class":63},[20,106609,106610],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106612,106613],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[40,106615,106617],{"className":42,"code":106616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106618,106619,106643,106647,106687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106620,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106622,543],{"class":55},[49,106624,60],{"class":59},[49,106626,9923],{"class":63},[49,106628,68],{"class":67},[49,106630,71],{"class":63},[49,106632,74],{"class":67},[49,106634,71],{"class":63},[49,106636,79],{"class":67},[49,106638,71],{"class":63},[49,106640,1888],{"class":67},[49,106642,8741],{"class":63},[49,106644,106645],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106646,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106648,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106650,382],{"class":55},[49,106652,60],{"class":59},[49,106654,56169],{"class":55},[49,106656,91],{"class":63},[49,106658,105930],{"class":94},[49,106660,2418],{"class":63},[49,106662,1488],{"class":67},[49,106664,71],{"class":63},[49,106666,1888],{"class":67},[49,106668,71],{"class":63},[49,106670,37067],{"class":67},[49,106672,17484],{"class":63},[49,106674,8668],{"class":63},[49,106676,68],{"class":67},[49,106678,71],{"class":63},[49,106680,74],{"class":67},[49,106682,71],{"class":63},[49,106684,1888],{"class":67},[49,106686,1182],{"class":63},[49,106688,106689,106691,106693,106695],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106690,105],{"class":104},[49,106692,108],{"class":63},[49,106694,420],{"class":94},[49,106696,272],{"class":63},[20,106698,275],{},[40,106700,106702],{"className":42,"code":106701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106703,106704],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106705,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106707,8710],{"class":63},[49,106709,1488],{"class":67},[49,106711,71],{"class":63},[49,106713,1888],{"class":67},[49,106715,8741],{"class":63},[35,106717,106719,10018,106721],{"id":106718},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106720,102078],{},[15,106722,106723],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106725,100615],{},[528,106727,106728],{"id":105930},[15,106729,102078],{},[137,106731,106732,106734],{},[140,106733,100624],{},[140,106735,100627],{},[40,106737,106739],{"className":42,"code":106738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106740,106741,106761,106781,106785,106803,106807,106817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106742,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106744,543],{"class":55},[49,106746,60],{"class":59},[49,106748,9923],{"class":63},[49,106750,68],{"class":67},[49,106752,71],{"class":63},[49,106754,74],{"class":67},[49,106756,71],{"class":63},[49,106758,79],{"class":67},[49,106760,8741],{"class":63},[49,106762,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106764,564],{"class":55},[49,106766,60],{"class":59},[49,106768,9923],{"class":63},[49,106770,1488],{"class":67},[49,106772,71],{"class":63},[49,106774,79],{"class":67},[49,106776,71],{"class":63},[49,106778,1888],{"class":67},[49,106780,8741],{"class":63},[49,106782,106783],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106784,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106786,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106788,382],{"class":55},[49,106790,60],{"class":59},[49,106792,56169],{"class":55},[49,106794,91],{"class":63},[49,106796,105930],{"class":94},[49,106798,108],{"class":63},[49,106800,360],{"class":94},[49,106802,272],{"class":63},[49,106804,106805],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106806,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106808,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,106810,105],{"class":104},[49,106812,108],{"class":63},[49,106814,308],{"class":94},[49,106816,272],{"class":63},[49,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,106820,105],{"class":104},[49,106822,108],{"class":63},[49,106824,420],{"class":94},[49,106826,272],{"class":63},[20,106828,275],{},[40,106830,106832],{"className":42,"code":106831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106833,106834,106850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106835,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106837,8710],{"class":63},[49,106839,68],{"class":67},[49,106841,71],{"class":63},[49,106843,74],{"class":67},[49,106845,71],{"class":63},[49,106847,79],{"class":67},[49,106849,8741],{"class":63},[49,106851,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106853,8710],{"class":63},[49,106855,1488],{"class":67},[49,106857,71],{"class":63},[49,106859,79],{"class":67},[49,106861,8741],{"class":63},[528,106863,106865],{"id":106864},"intersection_update",[15,106866,106723],{},[137,106868,106869,106871],{},[140,106870,100767],{},[140,106872,106873],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[40,106875,106877],{"className":42,"code":106876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106878,106879,106899,106919,106923,106937,106941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106880,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106882,543],{"class":55},[49,106884,60],{"class":59},[49,106886,9923],{"class":63},[49,106888,68],{"class":67},[49,106890,71],{"class":63},[49,106892,74],{"class":67},[49,106894,71],{"class":63},[49,106896,79],{"class":67},[49,106898,8741],{"class":63},[49,106900,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,106902,564],{"class":55},[49,106904,60],{"class":59},[49,106906,9923],{"class":63},[49,106908,1488],{"class":67},[49,106910,71],{"class":63},[49,106912,79],{"class":67},[49,106914,71],{"class":63},[49,106916,1888],{"class":67},[49,106918,8741],{"class":63},[49,106920,106921],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,106922,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,106926,308],{"class":55},[49,106928,91],{"class":63},[49,106930,106864],{"class":94},[49,106932,108],{"class":63},[49,106934,360],{"class":94},[49,106936,272],{"class":63},[49,106938,106939],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,106940,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,106942,106943,106945,106947,106949],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,106944,105],{"class":104},[49,106946,108],{"class":63},[49,106948,308],{"class":94},[49,106950,272],{"class":63},[20,106952,275],{},[40,106954,106956],{"className":42,"code":106955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n",[15,106957,106958],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106959,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106961,8710],{"class":63},[49,106963,1488],{"class":67},[49,106965,71],{"class":63},[49,106967,79],{"class":67},[49,106969,8741],{"class":63},[20,106971,106972,106973,106975],{},"Choose ",[15,106974,102078],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[35,106977,863],{"id":862},[20,106979,14154,106980,135],{},[15,106981,102078],{},[137,106983,106984,106987,106990,106993],{},[140,106985,106986],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[140,106988,106989],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[140,106991,106992],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[140,106994,106995,106996],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,106997,102078],{},[20,106999,107000],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[137,107002,107003,107008,107011,107024],{},[140,107004,1092,107005,107007],{},[15,107006,102078],{}," when order matters",[140,107009,107010],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[140,107012,36627,107013,8135,107015,2310,107020],{},[15,107014,102078],{},[308,107016,107018],{"href":107017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107019,102086],{},[308,107021,107022],{"href":102127},[15,107023,99701],{},[140,107025,107026],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107028,29559],{},[40,107030,107032],{"className":42,"code":107031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107033,107034,107044,107058,107076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107037,105],{"class":104},[49,107039,108],{"class":63},[49,107041,15088],{"class":94},[49,107043,272],{"class":63},[49,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107047,105],{"class":104},[49,107049,108],{"class":63},[49,107051,1175],{"class":1174},[49,107053,108],{"class":63},[49,107055,420],{"class":94},[49,107057,1182],{"class":63},[49,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107061,105],{"class":104},[49,107063,108],{"class":63},[49,107065,99872],{"class":94},[49,107067,91],{"class":63},[49,107069,105930],{"class":94},[49,107071,108],{"class":63},[49,107073,99881],{"class":94},[49,107075,1182],{"class":63},[49,107077,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107079,105],{"class":104},[49,107081,108],{"class":63},[49,107083,10592],{"class":104},[49,107085,108],{"class":63},[49,107087,420],{"class":94},[49,107089,1182],{"class":63},[20,107091,761],{},[40,107093,107095],{"className":42,"code":107094,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107096,107097,107121,107141,107145,107163,107167,107177,107187,107201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107098,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107100,214],{"class":55},[49,107102,60],{"class":59},[49,107104,9923],{"class":63},[49,107106,68],{"class":67},[49,107108,71],{"class":63},[49,107110,74],{"class":67},[49,107112,71],{"class":63},[49,107114,74],{"class":67},[49,107116,71],{"class":63},[49,107118,79],{"class":67},[49,107120,8741],{"class":63},[49,107122,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107124,1202],{"class":55},[49,107126,60],{"class":59},[49,107128,9923],{"class":63},[49,107130,1488],{"class":67},[49,107132,71],{"class":63},[49,107134,79],{"class":67},[49,107136,71],{"class":63},[49,107138,1888],{"class":67},[49,107140,8741],{"class":63},[49,107142,107143],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107144,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107146,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107148,382],{"class":55},[49,107150,60],{"class":59},[49,107152,3695],{"class":55},[49,107154,91],{"class":63},[49,107156,105930],{"class":94},[49,107158,108],{"class":63},[49,107160,1226],{"class":94},[49,107162,272],{"class":63},[49,107164,107165],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,107166,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107168,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,107170,105],{"class":104},[49,107172,108],{"class":63},[49,107174,249],{"class":94},[49,107176,272],{"class":63},[49,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,107180,105],{"class":104},[49,107182,108],{"class":63},[49,107184,420],{"class":94},[49,107186,272],{"class":63},[49,107188,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,107190,105],{"class":104},[49,107192,108],{"class":63},[49,107194,1175],{"class":1174},[49,107196,108],{"class":63},[49,107198,420],{"class":94},[49,107200,1182],{"class":63},[49,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,107204,105],{"class":104},[49,107206,108],{"class":63},[49,107208,10592],{"class":104},[49,107210,108],{"class":63},[49,107212,420],{"class":94},[49,107214,1182],{"class":63},[20,107216,275],{},[40,107218,107220],{"className":42,"code":107219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107221,107222,107238,107250,107264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107223,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107225,8710],{"class":63},[49,107227,68],{"class":67},[49,107229,71],{"class":63},[49,107231,74],{"class":67},[49,107233,71],{"class":63},[49,107235,79],{"class":67},[49,107237,8741],{"class":63},[49,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107241,8710],{"class":63},[49,107243,1488],{"class":67},[49,107245,71],{"class":63},[49,107247,79],{"class":67},[49,107249,8741],{"class":63},[49,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107253,2723],{"class":59},[49,107255,2726],{"class":1497},[49,107257,2729],{"class":346},[49,107259,5720],{"class":350},[49,107261,2734],{"class":346},[49,107263,2737],{"class":59},[49,107265,107266],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107267,16479],{"class":67},[20,107269,107270,107271,107273],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107272,1488],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,107275,1253],{"id":1252},[528,107277,1257,107279,102026],{"id":107278},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107280,102078],{},[20,107282,102029],{},[528,107284,4601,107286,107288],{"id":107285},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107287,102078],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107290,107291],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[528,107293,107295],{"id":107294},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107297,107298],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[528,107300,107302],{"id":107301},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107304,107305],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[40,107307,107308],{"className":42,"code":96745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,107309,107310],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107311,107312,107314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107313,5720],{"class":1174},[49,107315,98],{"class":63},[35,107317,1309],{"id":1308},[137,107319,107320,107324,107331,107337],{},[140,107321,107322],{},[308,107323,95615],{"href":95614},[140,107325,107326],{},[308,107327,3010,107328,736],{"href":107017},[15,107329,107330],{},"set.union()",[140,107332,107333],{},[308,107334,3010,107335,736],{"href":102127},[15,107336,99706],{},[140,107338,107339],{},[308,107340,99631],{"href":104630},[1352,107342,107343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":107345},[107346,107348,107349,107350,107351,107353,107358,107359,107367],{"id":105959,"depth":85,"text":107347},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":106467,"depth":85,"text":107352},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106718,"depth":85,"text":107354,"children":107355},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107356,107357],{"id":105930,"depth":101,"text":102078},{"id":106864,"depth":101,"text":106723},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":107360},[107361,107363,107365,107366],{"id":107278,"depth":101,"text":107362},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107285,"depth":101,"text":107364},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107294,"depth":101,"text":107295},{"id":107301,"depth":101,"text":107302},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105852,"description":107368},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107375,"title":107376,"body":107377,"description":108613,"extension":1392,"meta":108614,"navigation":243,"path":108615,"seo":108616,"stem":108617,"__hash__":108618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107378,"toc":108580},[107379,107384,107390,107399,107401,107476,107481,107496,107506,107511,107515,107528,107532,107534,107549,107551,107567,107569,107644,107648,107651,107653,107670,107675,107730,107735,107747,107751,107754,107855,107857,107898,107901,107905,107912,107914,107939,107942,107960,107967,107973,107976,108058,108065,108068,108148,108157,108160,108165,108169,108183,108232,108237,108241,108252,108301,108312,108317,108321,108333,108382,108393,108395,108399,108422,108424,108481,108483,108497,108499,108505,108511,108517,108526,108530,108537,108541,108549,108551,108577],[10,107380,95487,107382,18],{"id":107381},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107383,1328],{},[20,107385,107386,107389],{},[15,107387,107388],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107391,107392,107393,107395,107396,107398],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,107394,329],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107397,1328],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[35,107400,1434],{"id":1433},[40,107402,107404],{"className":42,"code":107403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107405,107406,107438,107452,107456,107466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107407,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107409,56],{"class":55},[49,107411,60],{"class":59},[49,107413,9923],{"class":63},[49,107415,347],{"class":346},[49,107417,3510],{"class":350},[49,107419,347],{"class":346},[49,107421,71],{"class":63},[49,107423,357],{"class":346},[49,107425,3519],{"class":350},[49,107427,347],{"class":346},[49,107429,71],{"class":63},[49,107431,357],{"class":346},[49,107433,3528],{"class":350},[49,107435,347],{"class":346},[49,107437,8741],{"class":63},[49,107439,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107441,69218],{"class":55},[49,107443,60],{"class":59},[49,107445,387],{"class":55},[49,107447,91],{"class":63},[49,107449,25664],{"class":94},[49,107451,98],{"class":63},[49,107453,107454],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107455,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107457,107458,107460,107462,107464],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107459,105],{"class":104},[49,107461,108],{"class":63},[49,107463,69241],{"class":94},[49,107465,272],{"class":63},[49,107467,107468,107470,107472,107474],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,107469,105],{"class":104},[49,107471,108],{"class":63},[49,107473,88],{"class":94},[49,107475,272],{"class":63},[20,107477,107478],{},[30,107479,107480],{},"What this does:",[137,107482,107483,107488,107493],{},[140,107484,107485,107486],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107487,88],{},[140,107489,107490,107491],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107492,69241],{},[140,107494,107495],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107497,107498,88247,107500,107502,107503,107505],{},[30,107499,83105],{},[15,107501,107388],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,107504,329],{}," chosen by index.",[35,107507,127,107509,130],{"id":107508},"what-setpop-does",[15,107510,107388],{},[20,107512,107513,135],{},[15,107514,107388],{},[137,107516,107517,107519,107522,107525],{},[140,107518,102329],{},[140,107520,107521],{},"Returns the removed item",[140,107523,107524],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[140,107526,107527],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107529,95611,107530,91],{},[308,107531,95615],{"href":96786},[35,107533,164],{"id":163},[40,107535,107537],{"className":42,"code":107536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107538,107539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107540,107541,107543,107545,107547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107542,15088],{"class":55},[49,107544,91],{"class":63},[49,107546,25664],{"class":94},[49,107548,98],{"class":63},[20,107550,12471],{},[137,107552,107553,107559,107564],{},[140,107554,107555,107556],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107557,107558],{},"my_set.pop()",[140,107560,107561,107562],{},"It takes ",[30,107563,28111],{},[140,107565,107566],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107568,761],{},[40,107570,107572],{"className":42,"code":107571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107573,107574,107606,107620,107624,107634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107577,12495],{"class":55},[49,107579,60],{"class":59},[49,107581,9923],{"class":63},[49,107583,347],{"class":346},[49,107585,12512],{"class":350},[49,107587,347],{"class":346},[49,107589,71],{"class":63},[49,107591,357],{"class":346},[49,107593,12529],{"class":350},[49,107595,347],{"class":346},[49,107597,71],{"class":63},[49,107599,357],{"class":346},[49,107601,16877],{"class":350},[49,107603,347],{"class":346},[49,107605,8741],{"class":63},[49,107607,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107609,27961],{"class":55},[49,107611,60],{"class":59},[49,107613,12543],{"class":55},[49,107615,91],{"class":63},[49,107617,25664],{"class":94},[49,107619,98],{"class":63},[49,107621,107622],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107623,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107625,107626,107628,107630,107632],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107627,105],{"class":104},[49,107629,108],{"class":63},[49,107631,22733],{"class":94},[49,107633,272],{"class":63},[49,107635,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,107637,105],{"class":104},[49,107639,108],{"class":63},[49,107641,16924],{"class":94},[49,107643,272],{"class":63},[35,107645,107647],{"id":107646},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107649,107650],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107652,1539],{},[137,107654,107655,107661,107664],{},[140,107656,107657,107658,107660],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107659,1328],{}," removes",[140,107662,107663],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[140,107665,107666,107667,107669],{},"You should not use ",[15,107668,1328],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107671,9893,107672,107674],{},[30,107673,329],{}," valid:",[40,107676,107678],{"className":42,"code":107677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107679,107680,107712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107683,35661],{"class":55},[49,107685,60],{"class":59},[49,107687,9923],{"class":63},[49,107689,347],{"class":346},[49,107691,3510],{"class":350},[49,107693,347],{"class":346},[49,107695,71],{"class":63},[49,107697,357],{"class":346},[49,107699,3519],{"class":350},[49,107701,347],{"class":346},[49,107703,71],{"class":63},[49,107705,357],{"class":346},[49,107707,3528],{"class":350},[49,107709,347],{"class":346},[49,107711,8741],{"class":63},[49,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107715,35713],{"class":55},[49,107717,91],{"class":63},[49,107719,25664],{"class":94},[49,107721,108],{"class":63},[49,107723,347],{"class":346},[49,107725,3510],{"class":350},[49,107727,347],{"class":346},[49,107729,272],{"class":63},[20,107731,39077,107732,107734],{},[15,107733,107388],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107736,107737,107738,2310,107742,91],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[308,107739,107740],{"href":97496},[15,107741,102155],{},[308,107743,107745],{"href":107744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107746,102146],{},[35,107748,107750],{"id":107749},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107752,107753],{},"Here is a simple example:",[40,107755,107757],{"className":42,"code":107756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107758,107759,107793,107797,107813,107817,107836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107760,107761,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107789,107791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107762,107763],{"class":55},"animals ",[49,107765,60],{"class":59},[49,107767,9923],{"class":63},[49,107769,347],{"class":346},[49,107771,36470],{"class":350},[49,107773,347],{"class":346},[49,107775,71],{"class":63},[49,107777,357],{"class":346},[49,107779,57409],{"class":350},[49,107781,347],{"class":346},[49,107783,71],{"class":63},[49,107785,357],{"class":346},[49,107787,107788],{"class":350},"rabbit",[49,107790,347],{"class":346},[49,107792,8741],{"class":63},[49,107794,107795],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107796,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107798,107799,107802,107804,107807,107809,107811],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107800,107801],{"class":55},"removed_animal ",[49,107803,60],{"class":59},[49,107805,107806],{"class":55}," animals",[49,107808,91],{"class":63},[49,107810,25664],{"class":94},[49,107812,98],{"class":63},[49,107814,107815],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,107816,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107818,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107834],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,107820,105],{"class":104},[49,107822,108],{"class":63},[49,107824,347],{"class":346},[49,107826,28379],{"class":350},[49,107828,347],{"class":346},[49,107830,71],{"class":63},[49,107832,107833],{"class":94}," removed_animal",[49,107835,272],{"class":63},[49,107837,107838,107840,107842,107844,107847,107849,107851,107853],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,107839,105],{"class":104},[49,107841,108],{"class":63},[49,107843,347],{"class":346},[49,107845,107846],{"class":350},"Updated set:",[49,107848,347],{"class":346},[49,107850,71],{"class":63},[49,107852,107806],{"class":94},[49,107854,272],{"class":63},[20,107856,29453],{},[40,107858,107860],{"className":42,"code":107859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107861,107862,107871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107863,107864,107866,107868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107865,28421],{"class":55},[49,107867,135],{"class":63},[49,107869,107870],{"class":55}," dog\n",[49,107872,107873,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107874,107875],{"class":55},"Updated ",[49,107877,5720],{"class":1174},[49,107879,135],{"class":63},[49,107881,9923],{"class":63},[49,107883,2734],{"class":346},[49,107885,36470],{"class":350},[49,107887,2734],{"class":346},[49,107889,71],{"class":63},[49,107891,2729],{"class":346},[49,107893,107788],{"class":350},[49,107895,2734],{"class":346},[49,107897,8741],{"class":63},[20,107899,107900],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[35,107902,107904],{"id":107903},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,107906,29073,107907,107909,107910,91],{},[15,107908,1328],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,107911,19110],{},[20,107913,761],{},[40,107915,107917],{"className":42,"code":107916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,107918,107919,107929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107920,107921,107923,107925,107927],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107922,56],{"class":55},[49,107924,60],{"class":59},[49,107926,15055],{"class":1174},[49,107928,98],{"class":63},[49,107930,107931,107933,107935,107937],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107932,88],{"class":55},[49,107934,91],{"class":63},[49,107936,25664],{"class":94},[49,107938,98],{"class":63},[20,107940,107941],{},"This raises:",[40,107943,107945],{"className":42,"code":107944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,107946,107947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107948,107949,107951,107953,107955,107958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107950,19110],{"class":1174},[49,107952,135],{"class":63},[49,107954,2729],{"class":346},[49,107956,107957],{"class":350},"pop from an empty set",[49,107959,29123],{"class":346},[20,107961,107962,107963,107966],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[308,107964,107965],{"href":10505},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[528,107968,107970,107971],{"id":107969},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,107972,1328],{},[20,107974,107975],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[40,107977,107979],{"className":42,"code":107978,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,107980,107981,107991,107995,108003,108018,108037,108043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107982,107983,107985,107987,107989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107984,56],{"class":55},[49,107986,60],{"class":59},[49,107988,15055],{"class":1174},[49,107990,98],{"class":63},[49,107992,107993],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,107994,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,107996,107997,107999,108001],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,107998,6431],{"class":3306},[49,108000,387],{"class":55},[49,108002,5826],{"class":63},[49,108004,108005,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,108006,108007],{"class":55},"    removed ",[49,108009,60],{"class":59},[49,108011,387],{"class":55},[49,108013,91],{"class":63},[49,108015,25664],{"class":94},[49,108017,98],{"class":63},[49,108019,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032,108035],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,108021,7501],{"class":104},[49,108023,108],{"class":63},[49,108025,347],{"class":346},[49,108027,28379],{"class":350},[49,108029,347],{"class":346},[49,108031,71],{"class":63},[49,108033,108034],{"class":94}," removed",[49,108036,272],{"class":63},[49,108038,108039,108041],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,108040,26857],{"class":3306},[49,108042,5826],{"class":63},[49,108044,108045,108047,108049,108051,108054,108056],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,108046,7501],{"class":104},[49,108048,108],{"class":63},[49,108050,347],{"class":346},[49,108052,108053],{"class":350},"The set is empty.",[49,108055,347],{"class":346},[49,108057,272],{"class":63},[528,108059,120,108061,618,108063],{"id":108060},"use-try-and-except",[15,108062,29227],{},[15,108064,29258],{},[20,108066,108067],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[40,108069,108071],{"className":42,"code":108070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108072,108073,108083,108087,108093,108107,108125,108133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108074,108075,108077,108079,108081],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108076,56],{"class":55},[49,108078,60],{"class":59},[49,108080,15055],{"class":1174},[49,108082,98],{"class":63},[49,108084,108085],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108086,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,108088,108089,108091],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108090,29227],{"class":3306},[49,108092,5826],{"class":63},[49,108094,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108105],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,108096,108007],{"class":55},[49,108098,60],{"class":59},[49,108100,387],{"class":55},[49,108102,91],{"class":63},[49,108104,25664],{"class":94},[49,108106,98],{"class":63},[49,108108,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,108110,7501],{"class":104},[49,108112,108],{"class":63},[49,108114,347],{"class":346},[49,108116,28379],{"class":350},[49,108118,347],{"class":346},[49,108120,71],{"class":63},[49,108122,108034],{"class":94},[49,108124,272],{"class":63},[49,108126,108127,108129,108131],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,108128,29258],{"class":3306},[49,108130,29261],{"class":1174},[49,108132,5826],{"class":63},[49,108134,108135,108137,108139,108141,108144,108146],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,108136,7501],{"class":104},[49,108138,108],{"class":63},[49,108140,347],{"class":346},[49,108142,108143],{"class":350},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[49,108145,347],{"class":346},[49,108147,272],{"class":63},[35,108149,740,108151,10018,108153,10018,108155],{"id":108150},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108152,1328],{},[15,108154,1335],{},[15,108156,102141],{},[20,108158,108159],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[528,108161,120,108163],{"id":108162},"use-pop",[15,108164,1328],{},[20,108166,120,108167,10033],{},[15,108168,1328],{},[137,108170,108171,108177,108180],{},[140,108172,108173,108174],{},"You want to remove ",[30,108175,108176],{},"any one item",[140,108178,108179],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[140,108181,108182],{},"You want the removed item returned",[40,108184,108186],{"className":42,"code":108185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108187,108188,108208,108222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108191,214],{"class":55},[49,108193,60],{"class":59},[49,108195,9923],{"class":63},[49,108197,68],{"class":67},[49,108199,71],{"class":63},[49,108201,74],{"class":67},[49,108203,71],{"class":63},[49,108205,79],{"class":67},[49,108207,8741],{"class":63},[49,108209,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108211,1878],{"class":55},[49,108213,60],{"class":59},[49,108215,3695],{"class":55},[49,108217,91],{"class":63},[49,108219,25664],{"class":94},[49,108221,98],{"class":63},[49,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108225,105],{"class":104},[49,108227,108],{"class":63},[49,108229,1904],{"class":94},[49,108231,272],{"class":63},[528,108233,120,108235],{"id":108234},"use-remove",[15,108236,1335],{},[20,108238,120,108239,10033],{},[15,108240,1335],{},[137,108242,108243,108249],{},[140,108244,108245,108246],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,108247,108248],{},"specific item",[140,108250,108251],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[40,108253,108255],{"className":42,"code":108254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108256,108257,108277,108291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108258,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267,108269,108271,108273,108275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108260,214],{"class":55},[49,108262,60],{"class":59},[49,108264,9923],{"class":63},[49,108266,68],{"class":67},[49,108268,71],{"class":63},[49,108270,74],{"class":67},[49,108272,71],{"class":63},[49,108274,79],{"class":67},[49,108276,8741],{"class":63},[49,108278,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108280,249],{"class":55},[49,108282,91],{"class":63},[49,108284,34215],{"class":94},[49,108286,108],{"class":63},[49,108288,1488],{"class":67},[49,108290,272],{"class":63},[49,108292,108293,108295,108297,108299],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108294,105],{"class":104},[49,108296,108],{"class":63},[49,108298,249],{"class":94},[49,108300,272],{"class":63},[20,108302,108303,108304,108306,108307,108311],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108305,1335],{}," raises an error. See the ",[308,108308,108309,736],{"href":97496},[15,108310,102155],{}," for details.",[528,108313,120,108315],{"id":108314},"use-discard",[15,108316,102141],{},[20,108318,120,108319,10033],{},[15,108320,102141],{},[137,108322,108323,108327],{},[140,108324,108245,108325],{},[30,108326,108248],{},[140,108328,108329,108330,108332],{},"You do ",[30,108331,329],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[40,108334,108336],{"className":42,"code":108335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108337,108338,108358,108372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108339,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108341,214],{"class":55},[49,108343,60],{"class":59},[49,108345,9923],{"class":63},[49,108347,68],{"class":67},[49,108349,71],{"class":63},[49,108351,74],{"class":67},[49,108353,71],{"class":63},[49,108355,79],{"class":67},[49,108357,8741],{"class":63},[49,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108361,249],{"class":55},[49,108363,91],{"class":63},[49,108365,102208],{"class":94},[49,108367,108],{"class":63},[49,108369,1569],{"class":67},[49,108371,272],{"class":63},[49,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108375,105],{"class":104},[49,108377,108],{"class":63},[49,108379,249],{"class":94},[49,108381,272],{"class":63},[20,108383,108384,108385,108387,108388,108392],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108386,1569],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[308,108389,108390,736],{"href":107744},[15,108391,102146],{}," for more examples.",[35,108394,2261],{"id":2260},[20,108396,70764,108397,135],{},[15,108398,107388],{},[137,108400,108401,108407,108412,108417],{},[140,108402,108403,108404],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108405,108406],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[140,108408,1011,108409,108411],{},[15,108410,1328],{}," to remove the first or last item",[140,108413,29073,108414,108416],{},[15,108415,1328],{}," on an empty set",[140,108418,1092,108419,108421],{},[15,108420,1328],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108423,61578],{},[40,108425,108427],{"className":42,"code":108426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108428,108429,108439,108453,108467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108430,108431,108433,108435,108437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108432,105],{"class":104},[49,108434,108],{"class":63},[49,108436,15088],{"class":94},[49,108438,272],{"class":63},[49,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108442,105],{"class":104},[49,108444,108],{"class":63},[49,108446,10592],{"class":104},[49,108448,108],{"class":63},[49,108450,15088],{"class":94},[49,108452,1182],{"class":63},[49,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108456,105],{"class":104},[49,108458,108],{"class":63},[49,108460,1175],{"class":1174},[49,108462,108],{"class":63},[49,108464,15088],{"class":94},[49,108466,1182],{"class":63},[49,108468,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,108470,27961],{"class":55},[49,108472,60],{"class":59},[49,108474,96211],{"class":55},[49,108476,91],{"class":63},[49,108478,25664],{"class":94},[49,108480,98],{"class":63},[20,108482,25431],{},[137,108484,108485,108488,108491,108494],{},[140,108486,108487],{},"What values are in the set",[140,108489,108490],{},"Whether the set is empty",[140,108492,108493],{},"That the object is really a set",[140,108495,108496],{},"What value was actually removed",[35,108498,1253],{"id":1252},[528,108500,1257,108502,108504],{"id":108501},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108503,107388],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108506,108507,108508,108510],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108509,1328],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[528,108512,108514,108515,1284],{"id":108513},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108516,107388],{},[20,108518,108519,108520,108522,108523,108525],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108521,1328],{},", set ",[15,108524,1328],{}," does not accept an index.",[528,108527,108529],{"id":108528},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108531,70933,108532,44053,108534,108536],{},[15,108533,19110],{},[15,108535,1328],{}," is called on an empty set.",[528,108538,108540],{"id":108539},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108542,120,108543,2310,108545,871,108547,91],{},[15,108544,1335],{},[15,108546,102141],{},[15,108548,1328],{},[35,108550,1309],{"id":1308},[137,108552,108553,108557,108563,108569,108573],{},[140,108554,108555],{},[308,108556,95615],{"href":96786},[140,108558,108559],{},[308,108560,96101,108561,736],{"href":97496},[15,108562,1335],{},[140,108564,108565],{},[308,108566,96101,108567,736],{"href":107744},[15,108568,102141],{},[140,108570,108571],{},[308,108572,10693],{"href":10505},[140,108574,108575],{},[308,108576,1320],{"href":844},[1352,108578,108579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":108581},[108582,108583,108585,108586,108587,108588,108594,108603,108604,108612],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":107508,"depth":85,"text":108584},"What set.pop() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":107646,"depth":85,"text":107647},{"id":107749,"depth":85,"text":107750},{"id":107903,"depth":85,"text":107904,"children":108589},[108590,108592],{"id":107969,"depth":101,"text":108591},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108060,"depth":101,"text":108593},"Use try and except",{"id":108150,"depth":85,"text":108595,"children":108596},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108597,108599,108601],{"id":108162,"depth":101,"text":108598},"Use pop()",{"id":108234,"depth":101,"text":108600},"Use remove()",{"id":108314,"depth":101,"text":108602},"Use discard()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":108605},[108606,108608,108610,108611],{"id":108501,"depth":101,"text":108607},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108513,"depth":101,"text":108609},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108528,"depth":101,"text":108529},{"id":108539,"depth":101,"text":108540},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107376,"description":108613},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108620,"title":108621,"body":108622,"description":109776,"extension":1392,"meta":109777,"navigation":243,"path":109778,"seo":109779,"stem":109780,"__hash__":109781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108623,"toc":109744},[108624,108629,108634,108643,108645,108710,108714,108738,108745,108750,108754,108769,108772,108774,108793,108807,108810,108858,108862,108878,108880,108953,108957,108982,108988,108996,109000,109007,109062,109067,109084,109090,109096,109101,109109,109116,109120,109128,109183,109185,109202,109206,109213,109278,109282,109315,109317,109329,109336,109338,109343,109350,109352,109421,109425,109433,109435,109499,109503,109508,109555,109560,109628,109636,109643,109646,109652,109657,109661,109663,109666,109668,109673,109678,109684,109689,109696,109704,109710,109713,109715,109741],[10,108625,95487,108627,18],{"id":108626},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108628,1335],{},[20,108630,108631,108633],{},[15,108632,102155],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108635,108636,108637,108640,108641,91],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,108638,108639],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108642,19110],{},[35,108644,1434],{"id":1433},[40,108646,108648],{"className":42,"code":108647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108649,108650,108682,108700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108653,12495],{"class":55},[49,108655,60],{"class":59},[49,108657,9923],{"class":63},[49,108659,347],{"class":346},[49,108661,12512],{"class":350},[49,108663,347],{"class":346},[49,108665,71],{"class":63},[49,108667,357],{"class":346},[49,108669,12529],{"class":350},[49,108671,347],{"class":346},[49,108673,71],{"class":63},[49,108675,357],{"class":346},[49,108677,16877],{"class":350},[49,108679,347],{"class":346},[49,108681,8741],{"class":63},[49,108683,108684,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108685,16924],{"class":55},[49,108687,91],{"class":63},[49,108689,34215],{"class":94},[49,108691,108],{"class":63},[49,108693,347],{"class":346},[49,108695,12529],{"class":350},[49,108697,347],{"class":346},[49,108699,272],{"class":63},[49,108701,108702,108704,108706,108708],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108703,105],{"class":104},[49,108705,108],{"class":63},[49,108707,16924],{"class":94},[49,108709,272],{"class":63},[20,108711,108712],{},[30,108713,29453],{},[40,108715,108716],{"className":42,"code":102835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,108717,108718],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108719,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108721,8710],{"class":63},[49,108723,2734],{"class":346},[49,108725,12512],{"class":350},[49,108727,2734],{"class":346},[49,108729,71],{"class":63},[49,108731,2729],{"class":346},[49,108733,16877],{"class":350},[49,108735,2734],{"class":346},[49,108737,8741],{"class":63},[20,108739,120,108740,108742,108743,91],{},[15,108741,1335],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108744,19110],{},[35,108746,127,108748,130],{"id":108747},"what-setremove-does",[15,108749,102155],{},[20,108751,108752,135],{},[15,108753,102155],{},[137,108755,108756,108759,108761,108763],{},[140,108757,108758],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[140,108760,95602],{},[140,108762,95605],{},[140,108764,108765,108766,108768],{},"Raises ",[15,108767,19110],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108770,108771],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[35,108773,164],{"id":163},[40,108775,108777],{"className":42,"code":108776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108778,108779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108780,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108782,15088],{"class":55},[49,108784,91],{"class":63},[49,108786,34215],{"class":94},[49,108788,108],{"class":63},[49,108790,1904],{"class":94},[49,108792,272],{"class":63},[137,108794,108795,108799,108804],{},[140,108796,108797,102377],{},[15,108798,15088],{},[140,108800,108801,108803],{},[15,108802,1904],{}," is the item to remove",[140,108805,108806],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108808,108809],{},"Here is a small example:",[40,108811,108812],{"className":42,"code":108254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,108813,108814,108834,108848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108815,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108817,214],{"class":55},[49,108819,60],{"class":59},[49,108821,9923],{"class":63},[49,108823,68],{"class":67},[49,108825,71],{"class":63},[49,108827,74],{"class":67},[49,108829,71],{"class":63},[49,108831,79],{"class":67},[49,108833,8741],{"class":63},[49,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108837,249],{"class":55},[49,108839,91],{"class":63},[49,108841,34215],{"class":94},[49,108843,108],{"class":63},[49,108845,1488],{"class":67},[49,108847,272],{"class":63},[49,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108851,105],{"class":104},[49,108853,108],{"class":63},[49,108855,249],{"class":94},[49,108857,272],{"class":63},[20,108859,108860],{},[30,108861,29453],{},[40,108863,108864],{"className":42,"code":100585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,108865,108866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108869,8710],{"class":63},[49,108871,68],{"class":67},[49,108873,71],{"class":63},[49,108875,79],{"class":67},[49,108877,8741],{"class":63},[35,108879,201],{"id":200},[40,108881,108883],{"className":42,"code":108882,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108884,108885,108917,108921,108939,108943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108888,35661],{"class":55},[49,108890,60],{"class":59},[49,108892,9923],{"class":63},[49,108894,347],{"class":346},[49,108896,3510],{"class":350},[49,108898,347],{"class":346},[49,108900,71],{"class":63},[49,108902,357],{"class":346},[49,108904,3519],{"class":350},[49,108906,347],{"class":346},[49,108908,71],{"class":63},[49,108910,357],{"class":346},[49,108912,32644],{"class":350},[49,108914,347],{"class":346},[49,108916,8741],{"class":63},[49,108918,108919],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,108920,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,108922,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,108924,35713],{"class":55},[49,108926,91],{"class":63},[49,108928,34215],{"class":94},[49,108930,108],{"class":63},[49,108932,347],{"class":346},[49,108934,3519],{"class":350},[49,108936,347],{"class":346},[49,108938,272],{"class":63},[49,108940,108941],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,108942,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,108944,108945,108947,108949,108951],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,108946,105],{"class":104},[49,108948,108],{"class":63},[49,108950,35713],{"class":94},[49,108952,272],{"class":63},[20,108954,108955],{},[30,108956,29453],{},[40,108958,108960],{"className":42,"code":108959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,108961,108962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108963,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108965,8710],{"class":63},[49,108967,2734],{"class":346},[49,108969,3510],{"class":350},[49,108971,2734],{"class":346},[49,108973,71],{"class":63},[49,108975,2729],{"class":346},[49,108977,32644],{"class":350},[49,108979,2734],{"class":346},[49,108981,8741],{"class":63},[20,108983,108984,108985,108987],{},"This removes ",[15,108986,64558],{}," from the set.",[20,108989,108990,108991,108993,108994,91],{},"A set does ",[30,108992,329],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[308,108995,95619],{"href":97170},[35,108997,108999],{"id":108998},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109001,109002,109003,51920,109005,91],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109004,1335],{},[15,109006,19110],{},[40,109008,109010],{"className":42,"code":109009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109011,109012,109044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109013,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109015,12495],{"class":55},[49,109017,60],{"class":59},[49,109019,9923],{"class":63},[49,109021,347],{"class":346},[49,109023,12512],{"class":350},[49,109025,347],{"class":346},[49,109027,71],{"class":63},[49,109029,357],{"class":346},[49,109031,12529],{"class":350},[49,109033,347],{"class":346},[49,109035,71],{"class":63},[49,109037,357],{"class":346},[49,109039,16877],{"class":350},[49,109041,347],{"class":346},[49,109043,8741],{"class":63},[49,109045,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109047,16924],{"class":55},[49,109049,91],{"class":63},[49,109051,34215],{"class":94},[49,109053,108],{"class":63},[49,109055,347],{"class":346},[49,109057,21946],{"class":350},[49,109059,347],{"class":346},[49,109061,272],{"class":63},[20,109063,109064],{},[30,109065,109066],{},"Result:",[40,109068,109070],{"className":42,"code":109069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109071,109072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109073,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109075,19110],{"class":1174},[49,109077,135],{"class":63},[49,109079,2729],{"class":346},[49,109081,21946],{"class":350},[49,109083,29123],{"class":346},[20,109085,21611,109086,109089],{},[15,109087,109088],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109091,109092,109093,109095],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109094,1335],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109097,109098,109099,91],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[308,109100,10693],{"href":10505},[35,109102,3630,109104,109106,109107],{"id":109103},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109105,1335],{}," is different from ",[15,109108,102141],{},[20,109110,109111,618,109113,109115],{},[15,109112,1335],{},[15,109114,102141],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[528,109117,109118],{"id":34215},[15,109119,1335],{},[137,109121,109122,109125],{},[140,109123,109124],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[140,109126,109127],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[40,109129,109131],{"className":42,"code":109130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109132,109133,109165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109134,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109136,35513],{"class":55},[49,109138,60],{"class":59},[49,109140,9923],{"class":63},[49,109142,347],{"class":346},[49,109144,308],{"class":350},[49,109146,347],{"class":346},[49,109148,71],{"class":63},[49,109150,357],{"class":346},[49,109152,360],{"class":350},[49,109154,347],{"class":346},[49,109156,71],{"class":63},[49,109158,357],{"class":346},[49,109160,369],{"class":350},[49,109162,347],{"class":346},[49,109164,8741],{"class":63},[49,109166,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109168,35566],{"class":55},[49,109170,91],{"class":63},[49,109172,34215],{"class":94},[49,109174,108],{"class":63},[49,109176,347],{"class":346},[49,109178,18190],{"class":350},[49,109180,347],{"class":346},[49,109182,272],{"class":63},[20,109184,107941],{},[40,109186,109188],{"className":42,"code":109187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109189,109190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109191,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109193,19110],{"class":1174},[49,109195,135],{"class":63},[49,109197,2729],{"class":346},[49,109199,18190],{"class":350},[49,109201,29123],{"class":346},[528,109203,109204],{"id":102208},[15,109205,102141],{},[137,109207,109208,109210],{},[140,109209,109124],{},[140,109211,109212],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[40,109214,109216],{"className":42,"code":109215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109217,109218,109250,109268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109219,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109221,35513],{"class":55},[49,109223,60],{"class":59},[49,109225,9923],{"class":63},[49,109227,347],{"class":346},[49,109229,308],{"class":350},[49,109231,347],{"class":346},[49,109233,71],{"class":63},[49,109235,357],{"class":346},[49,109237,360],{"class":350},[49,109239,347],{"class":346},[49,109241,71],{"class":63},[49,109243,357],{"class":346},[49,109245,369],{"class":350},[49,109247,347],{"class":346},[49,109249,8741],{"class":63},[49,109251,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109253,35566],{"class":55},[49,109255,91],{"class":63},[49,109257,102208],{"class":94},[49,109259,108],{"class":63},[49,109261,347],{"class":346},[49,109263,18190],{"class":350},[49,109265,347],{"class":346},[49,109267,272],{"class":63},[49,109269,109270,109272,109274,109276],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,109271,105],{"class":104},[49,109273,108],{"class":63},[49,109275,35566],{"class":94},[49,109277,272],{"class":63},[20,109279,109280],{},[30,109281,275],{},[40,109283,109285],{"className":42,"code":109284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109286,109287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109288,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109290,8710],{"class":63},[49,109292,2734],{"class":346},[49,109294,308],{"class":350},[49,109296,2734],{"class":346},[49,109298,71],{"class":63},[49,109300,2729],{"class":346},[49,109302,360],{"class":350},[49,109304,2734],{"class":346},[49,109306,71],{"class":63},[49,109308,2729],{"class":346},[49,109310,369],{"class":350},[49,109312,2734],{"class":346},[49,109314,8741],{"class":63},[20,109316,18117],{},[137,109318,109319,109324],{},[140,109320,109321,109323],{},[15,109322,1335],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[140,109325,109326,109328],{},[15,109327,102141],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109330,109331,109332,91],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[308,109333,96101,109334,736],{"href":107744},[15,109335,102141],{},[35,109337,863],{"id":862},[528,109339,1011,109341,96481],{"id":109340},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109342,1335],{},[20,109344,109345,109347,109348,91],{},[15,109346,1335],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109349,323],{},[20,109351,16066],{},[40,109353,109355],{"className":42,"code":109354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109356,109357,109389,109411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109358,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109360,12495],{"class":55},[49,109362,60],{"class":59},[49,109364,9923],{"class":63},[49,109366,347],{"class":346},[49,109368,12512],{"class":350},[49,109370,347],{"class":346},[49,109372,71],{"class":63},[49,109374,357],{"class":346},[49,109376,12529],{"class":350},[49,109378,347],{"class":346},[49,109380,71],{"class":63},[49,109382,357],{"class":346},[49,109384,16877],{"class":350},[49,109386,347],{"class":346},[49,109388,8741],{"class":63},[49,109390,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109392,12538],{"class":55},[49,109394,60],{"class":59},[49,109396,12543],{"class":55},[49,109398,91],{"class":63},[49,109400,34215],{"class":94},[49,109402,108],{"class":63},[49,109404,347],{"class":346},[49,109406,12529],{"class":350},[49,109408,347],{"class":346},[49,109410,272],{"class":63},[49,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,109414,105],{"class":104},[49,109416,108],{"class":63},[49,109418,12562],{"class":94},[49,109420,272],{"class":63},[20,109422,109423],{},[30,109424,275],{},[40,109426,109427],{"className":42,"code":11232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109428,109429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109430,109431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109432,11232],{"class":3281},[20,109434,16078],{},[40,109436,109437],{"className":42,"code":108647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109438,109439,109471,109489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109442,12495],{"class":55},[49,109444,60],{"class":59},[49,109446,9923],{"class":63},[49,109448,347],{"class":346},[49,109450,12512],{"class":350},[49,109452,347],{"class":346},[49,109454,71],{"class":63},[49,109456,357],{"class":346},[49,109458,12529],{"class":350},[49,109460,347],{"class":346},[49,109462,71],{"class":63},[49,109464,357],{"class":346},[49,109466,16877],{"class":350},[49,109468,347],{"class":346},[49,109470,8741],{"class":63},[49,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109474,16924],{"class":55},[49,109476,91],{"class":63},[49,109478,34215],{"class":94},[49,109480,108],{"class":63},[49,109482,347],{"class":346},[49,109484,12529],{"class":350},[49,109486,347],{"class":346},[49,109488,272],{"class":63},[49,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,109492,105],{"class":104},[49,109494,108],{"class":63},[49,109496,16924],{"class":94},[49,109498,272],{"class":63},[528,109500,109502],{"id":109501},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109504,109505,109506,91],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109507,19110],{},[40,109509,109511],{"className":42,"code":109510,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109512,109513,109537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109514,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109516,12495],{"class":55},[49,109518,60],{"class":59},[49,109520,9923],{"class":63},[49,109522,347],{"class":346},[49,109524,12512],{"class":350},[49,109526,347],{"class":346},[49,109528,71],{"class":63},[49,109530,357],{"class":346},[49,109532,12529],{"class":350},[49,109534,347],{"class":346},[49,109536,8741],{"class":63},[49,109538,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109540,16924],{"class":55},[49,109542,91],{"class":63},[49,109544,34215],{"class":94},[49,109546,108],{"class":63},[49,109548,347],{"class":346},[49,109550,16877],{"class":350},[49,109552,347],{"class":346},[49,109554,272],{"class":63},[20,109556,109557,109558,135],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109559,3313],{},[40,109561,109563],{"className":42,"code":109562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109564,109565,109589,109593,109609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109566,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109568,12495],{"class":55},[49,109570,60],{"class":59},[49,109572,9923],{"class":63},[49,109574,347],{"class":346},[49,109576,12512],{"class":350},[49,109578,347],{"class":346},[49,109580,71],{"class":63},[49,109582,357],{"class":346},[49,109584,12529],{"class":350},[49,109586,347],{"class":346},[49,109588,8741],{"class":63},[49,109590,109591],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109592,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,109596,6431],{"class":3306},[49,109598,357],{"class":346},[49,109600,16877],{"class":350},[49,109602,347],{"class":346},[49,109604,20595],{"class":59},[49,109606,12543],{"class":55},[49,109608,5826],{"class":63},[49,109610,109611,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,109612,109613],{"class":55},"    colors",[49,109615,91],{"class":63},[49,109617,34215],{"class":94},[49,109619,108],{"class":63},[49,109621,347],{"class":346},[49,109623,16877],{"class":350},[49,109625,347],{"class":346},[49,109627,272],{"class":63},[20,109629,109630,109631,109635],{},"Or use ",[308,109632,109633],{"href":107744},[15,109634,102141],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[528,109637,36627,109639,8135,109641],{"id":109638},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109640,102155],{},[15,109642,852],{},[20,109644,109645],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109647,109648,109649,109651],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109650,102155],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109653,109654,109655,91],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[308,109656,98365],{"href":98364},[528,109658,109660],{"id":109659},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109662,107650],{},[20,109664,109665],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[35,109667,1253],{"id":1252},[528,109669,1257,109671,96580],{"id":109670},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109672,102155],{},[20,109674,109675,109676,91],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109677,323],{},[528,109679,29711,109681,109683],{"id":109680},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109682,102155],{}," raise?",[20,109685,29717,109686,109688],{},[15,109687,19110],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[528,109690,20842,109692,2310,109694,1284],{"id":109691},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109693,1335],{},[15,109695,102141],{},[20,109697,120,109698,109700,109701,109703],{},[15,109699,1335],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109702,102141],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[528,109705,4601,109707,109709],{"id":109706},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109708,102155],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109711,109712],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[35,109714,1309],{"id":1308},[137,109716,109717,109723,109729,109733,109737],{},[140,109718,109719],{},[308,109720,96101,109721,736],{"href":107744},[15,109722,102141],{},[140,109724,109725],{},[308,109726,96101,109727,736],{"href":97501},[15,109728,1328],{},[140,109730,109731],{},[308,109732,96625],{"href":97170},[140,109734,109735],{},[308,109736,99631],{"href":98364},[140,109738,109739],{},[308,109740,10693],{"href":10505},[1352,109742,109743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":109745},[109746,109747,109749,109750,109751,109752,109757,109765,109775],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":108747,"depth":85,"text":109748},"What set.remove() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":108998,"depth":85,"text":108999},{"id":109103,"depth":85,"text":109753,"children":109754},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109755,109756],{"id":34215,"depth":101,"text":1335},{"id":102208,"depth":101,"text":102141},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":109758},[109759,109761,109762,109764],{"id":109340,"depth":101,"text":109760},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109501,"depth":101,"text":109502},{"id":109638,"depth":101,"text":109763},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109659,"depth":101,"text":109660},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":109766},[109767,109769,109771,109773],{"id":109670,"depth":101,"text":109768},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109680,"depth":101,"text":109770},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109691,"depth":101,"text":109772},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109706,"depth":101,"text":109774},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108621,"description":109776},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109783,"title":109784,"body":109785,"description":111158,"extension":1392,"meta":111159,"navigation":243,"path":111160,"seo":111161,"stem":111162,"__hash__":111163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109786,"toc":111133},[109787,109793,109799,109802,109805,109819,109821,109902,109905,109910,109914,109928,109935,109937,109956,109959,109977,109979,110059,110061,110086,110090,110093,110101,110106,110111,110113,110126,110131,110134,110158,110161,110169,110171,110174,110271,110273,110306,110308,110334,110341,110344,110348,110356,110360,110368,110370,110460,110462,110476,110483,110488,110493,110495,110586,110588,110600,110602,110616,110622,110630,110632,110714,110716,110761,110764,110772,110775,110777,110781,110824,110826,110846,110851,110853,110938,110940,110945,110947,110954,110962,110968,110971,110973,111059,111061,111085,111089,111092,111094,111121,111131],[10,109788,95487,109790,18],{"id":109789},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109791,109792],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109794,109795,109798],{},[15,109796,109797],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109800,109801],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109803,109804],{},"Use it when:",[137,109806,109807,109810,109816],{},[140,109808,109809],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[140,109811,109812,109813,109815],{},"you do ",[30,109814,329],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[140,109817,109818],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[35,109820,38],{"id":37},[40,109822,109824],{"className":42,"code":109823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109825,109826,109846,109866,109870,109889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109827,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109829,543],{"class":55},[49,109831,60],{"class":59},[49,109833,9923],{"class":63},[49,109835,68],{"class":67},[49,109837,71],{"class":63},[49,109839,74],{"class":67},[49,109841,71],{"class":63},[49,109843,79],{"class":67},[49,109845,8741],{"class":63},[49,109847,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,109849,564],{"class":55},[49,109851,60],{"class":59},[49,109853,9923],{"class":63},[49,109855,1494],{"class":67},[49,109857,71],{"class":63},[49,109859,1888],{"class":67},[49,109861,71],{"class":63},[49,109863,4036],{"class":67},[49,109865,8741],{"class":63},[49,109867,109868],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,109869,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,109871,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109883,109885,109887],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,109873,382],{"class":55},[49,109875,60],{"class":59},[49,109877,56169],{"class":55},[49,109879,91],{"class":63},[49,109881,109882],{"class":94},"symmetric_difference",[49,109884,108],{"class":63},[49,109886,360],{"class":94},[49,109888,272],{"class":63},[49,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,109892,105],{"class":104},[49,109894,108],{"class":63},[49,109896,420],{"class":94},[49,109898,113],{"class":63},[49,109900,109901],{"class":116},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109903,109904],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[35,109906,127,109908,130],{"id":109907},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109909,109792],{},[20,109911,109912,135],{},[15,109913,109797],{},[137,109915,109916,109919,109922,109925],{},[140,109917,109918],{},"returns a new set",[140,109920,109921],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[140,109923,109924],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[140,109926,109927],{},"does not change the original set",[20,109929,95611,109930,2310,109932,91],{},[308,109931,95615],{"href":95614},[308,109933,109934],{"href":95618},"creating a set in Python",[35,109936,164],{"id":163},[40,109938,109940],{"className":42,"code":109939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,109941,109942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109943,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109945,99872],{"class":55},[49,109947,91],{"class":63},[49,109949,109882],{"class":94},[49,109951,108],{"class":63},[49,109953,99881],{"class":94},[49,109955,272],{"class":63},[20,109957,109958],{},"Notes:",[137,109960,109961,109966,109971,109974],{},[140,109962,109963,109965],{},[15,109964,99872],{}," must be a set",[140,109967,109968,109970],{},[15,109969,99881],{}," can be any iterable",[140,109972,109973],{},"the result is always a set",[140,109975,109976],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,109978,761],{},[40,109980,109982],{"className":42,"code":109981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,109983,109984,110005,110026,110030,110049],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109985,109986,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109987,109988],{"class":55},"set1 ",[49,109990,60],{"class":59},[49,109992,9923],{"class":63},[49,109994,68],{"class":67},[49,109996,71],{"class":63},[49,109998,74],{"class":67},[49,110000,71],{"class":63},[49,110002,79],{"class":67},[49,110004,8741],{"class":63},[49,110006,110007,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110008,110009],{"class":55},"set2 ",[49,110011,60],{"class":59},[49,110013,9923],{"class":63},[49,110015,1494],{"class":67},[49,110017,71],{"class":63},[49,110019,1888],{"class":67},[49,110021,71],{"class":63},[49,110023,4036],{"class":67},[49,110025,8741],{"class":63},[49,110027,110028],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110029,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110031,110032,110034,110036,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110033,382],{"class":55},[49,110035,60],{"class":59},[49,110037,110038],{"class":55}," set1",[49,110040,91],{"class":63},[49,110042,109882],{"class":94},[49,110044,108],{"class":63},[49,110046,99881],{"class":94},[49,110048,272],{"class":63},[49,110050,110051,110053,110055,110057],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110052,105],{"class":104},[49,110054,108],{"class":63},[49,110056,420],{"class":94},[49,110058,272],{"class":63},[20,110060,275],{},[40,110062,110064],{"className":42,"code":110063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110065,110066],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110067,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110069,8710],{"class":63},[49,110071,68],{"class":67},[49,110073,71],{"class":63},[49,110075,74],{"class":67},[49,110077,71],{"class":63},[49,110079,1888],{"class":67},[49,110081,71],{"class":63},[49,110083,4036],{"class":67},[49,110085,8741],{"class":63},[35,110087,110089],{"id":110088},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110091,110092],{},"The result includes:",[137,110094,110095,110098],{},[140,110096,110097],{},"items only in the first set",[140,110099,110100],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110102,110103,110104,10514],{},"The result does ",[30,110105,329],{},[137,110107,110108],{},[140,110109,110110],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110112,4904],{},[137,110114,110115,110120],{},[140,110116,110117,110118],{},"first set: ",[15,110119,99569],{},[140,110121,110122,110123],{},"second set: ",[15,110124,110125],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110127,3480,110128,110130],{},[15,110129,1494],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110132,110133],{},"The output is:",[40,110135,110136],{"className":42,"code":110063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,110137,110138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110139,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110141,8710],{"class":63},[49,110143,68],{"class":67},[49,110145,71],{"class":63},[49,110147,74],{"class":67},[49,110149,71],{"class":63},[49,110151,1888],{"class":67},[49,110153,71],{"class":63},[49,110155,4036],{"class":67},[49,110157,8741],{"class":63},[20,110159,110160],{},"Also remember:",[137,110162,110163,110166],{},[140,110164,110165],{},"sets are unordered",[140,110167,110168],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[35,110170,201],{"id":200},[20,110172,110173],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[40,110175,110177],{"className":42,"code":110176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110178,110179,110211,110235,110239,110257,110261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110180,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110182,106312],{"class":55},[49,110184,60],{"class":59},[49,110186,9923],{"class":63},[49,110188,347],{"class":346},[49,110190,12512],{"class":350},[49,110192,347],{"class":346},[49,110194,71],{"class":63},[49,110196,357],{"class":346},[49,110198,12529],{"class":350},[49,110200,347],{"class":346},[49,110202,71],{"class":63},[49,110204,357],{"class":346},[49,110206,16877],{"class":350},[49,110208,347],{"class":346},[49,110210,8741],{"class":63},[49,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110214,106345],{"class":55},[49,110216,60],{"class":59},[49,110218,9923],{"class":63},[49,110220,347],{"class":346},[49,110222,16877],{"class":350},[49,110224,347],{"class":346},[49,110226,71],{"class":63},[49,110228,357],{"class":346},[49,110230,21946],{"class":350},[49,110232,347],{"class":346},[49,110234,8741],{"class":63},[49,110236,110237],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110238,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110240,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110242,382],{"class":55},[49,110244,60],{"class":59},[49,110246,106387],{"class":55},[49,110248,91],{"class":63},[49,110250,109882],{"class":94},[49,110252,108],{"class":63},[49,110254,106396],{"class":94},[49,110256,272],{"class":63},[49,110258,110259],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110260,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110262,110263,110265,110267,110269],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,110264,105],{"class":104},[49,110266,108],{"class":63},[49,110268,420],{"class":94},[49,110270,272],{"class":63},[20,110272,275],{},[40,110274,110276],{"className":42,"code":110275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110277,110278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110279,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110281,8710],{"class":63},[49,110283,2734],{"class":346},[49,110285,12512],{"class":350},[49,110287,2734],{"class":346},[49,110289,71],{"class":63},[49,110291,2729],{"class":346},[49,110293,12529],{"class":350},[49,110295,2734],{"class":346},[49,110297,71],{"class":63},[49,110299,2729],{"class":346},[49,110301,21946],{"class":350},[49,110303,2734],{"class":346},[49,110305,8741],{"class":63},[20,110307,12829],{},[137,110309,110310,110315,110326],{},[140,110311,110312,110314],{},[15,110313,95780],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[140,110316,110317,618,110319,110322,110323,110325],{},[15,110318,64676],{},[15,110320,110321],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110324,106449],{},", so they stay",[140,110327,110328,110330,110331,110333],{},[15,110329,109088],{}," is only in ",[15,110332,106396],{},", so it stays",[35,110335,110337,10018,110339],{"id":110336},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110338,109792],{},[15,110340,99701],{},[20,110342,110343],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110345,110346,135],{},[15,110347,99701],{},[137,110349,110350,110353],{},[140,110351,110352],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[140,110354,110355],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110357,110358,135],{},[15,110359,109792],{},[137,110361,110362,110365],{},[140,110363,110364],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[140,110366,110367],{},"removes shared items",[20,110369,761],{},[40,110371,110373],{"className":42,"code":110372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110374,110375,110395,110415,110419,110440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110376,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110378,543],{"class":55},[49,110380,60],{"class":59},[49,110382,9923],{"class":63},[49,110384,68],{"class":67},[49,110386,71],{"class":63},[49,110388,74],{"class":67},[49,110390,71],{"class":63},[49,110392,79],{"class":67},[49,110394,8741],{"class":63},[49,110396,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110398,564],{"class":55},[49,110400,60],{"class":59},[49,110402,9923],{"class":63},[49,110404,1494],{"class":67},[49,110406,71],{"class":63},[49,110408,1888],{"class":67},[49,110410,71],{"class":63},[49,110412,4036],{"class":67},[49,110414,8741],{"class":63},[49,110416,110417],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110418,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110420,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110422,105],{"class":104},[49,110424,108],{"class":63},[49,110426,308],{"class":94},[49,110428,91],{"class":63},[49,110430,2242],{"class":94},[49,110432,108],{"class":63},[49,110434,360],{"class":94},[49,110436,4793],{"class":63},[49,110438,110439],{"class":116},"            # {1, 2}\n",[49,110441,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110443,105],{"class":104},[49,110445,108],{"class":63},[49,110447,308],{"class":94},[49,110449,91],{"class":63},[49,110451,109882],{"class":94},[49,110453,108],{"class":63},[49,110455,360],{"class":94},[49,110457,4793],{"class":63},[49,110459,109901],{"class":116},[20,110461,18117],{},[137,110463,110464,110471],{},[140,110465,110466,110470],{},[308,110467,110468],{"href":102127},[15,110469,99701],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[140,110472,110473,110475],{},[15,110474,109792],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[35,110477,110479,10018,110481],{"id":110478},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110480,109792],{},[15,110482,102086],{},[20,110484,110485,110487],{},[15,110486,102086],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110489,110490,110492],{},[15,110491,109792],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110494,761],{},[40,110496,110498],{"className":42,"code":110497,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110499,110500,110520,110540,110544,110566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110501,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110503,543],{"class":55},[49,110505,60],{"class":59},[49,110507,9923],{"class":63},[49,110509,68],{"class":67},[49,110511,71],{"class":63},[49,110513,74],{"class":67},[49,110515,71],{"class":63},[49,110517,79],{"class":67},[49,110519,8741],{"class":63},[49,110521,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110523,564],{"class":55},[49,110525,60],{"class":59},[49,110527,9923],{"class":63},[49,110529,1494],{"class":67},[49,110531,71],{"class":63},[49,110533,1888],{"class":67},[49,110535,71],{"class":63},[49,110537,4036],{"class":67},[49,110539,8741],{"class":63},[49,110541,110542],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110543,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110545,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110557,110559,110561,110563],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110547,105],{"class":104},[49,110549,108],{"class":63},[49,110551,308],{"class":94},[49,110553,91],{"class":63},[49,110555,110556],{"class":94},"union",[49,110558,108],{"class":63},[49,110560,360],{"class":94},[49,110562,4793],{"class":63},[49,110564,110565],{"class":116},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,110567,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110569,105],{"class":104},[49,110571,108],{"class":63},[49,110573,308],{"class":94},[49,110575,91],{"class":63},[49,110577,109882],{"class":94},[49,110579,108],{"class":63},[49,110581,360],{"class":94},[49,110583,4793],{"class":63},[49,110585,109901],{"class":116},[20,110587,26644],{},[137,110589,110590,110595],{},[140,110591,110592,110594],{},[15,110593,102086],{}," includes everything",[140,110596,110597,110599],{},[15,110598,109792],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110601,18117],{},[137,110603,110604,110611],{},[140,110605,110606,110610],{},[308,110607,110608],{"href":107017},[15,110609,102086],{}," when overlap does not matter",[140,110612,110613,110615],{},[15,110614,109792],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[35,110617,36035,110619,100885],{"id":110618},"using-the-operator",[15,110620,110621],{},"^",[20,110623,110624,110625,110627,110628,91],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110626,110621],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110629,109792],{},[20,110631,761],{},[40,110633,110635],{"className":42,"code":110634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110636,110637,110657,110677,110681,110699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110638,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110640,109988],{"class":55},[49,110642,60],{"class":59},[49,110644,9923],{"class":63},[49,110646,68],{"class":67},[49,110648,71],{"class":63},[49,110650,74],{"class":67},[49,110652,71],{"class":63},[49,110654,79],{"class":67},[49,110656,8741],{"class":63},[49,110658,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110660,110009],{"class":55},[49,110662,60],{"class":59},[49,110664,9923],{"class":63},[49,110666,1494],{"class":67},[49,110668,71],{"class":63},[49,110670,1888],{"class":67},[49,110672,71],{"class":63},[49,110674,4036],{"class":67},[49,110676,8741],{"class":63},[49,110678,110679],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110680,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,110682,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110684,105],{"class":104},[49,110686,108],{"class":63},[49,110688,99872],{"class":94},[49,110690,91],{"class":63},[49,110692,109882],{"class":94},[49,110694,108],{"class":63},[49,110696,99881],{"class":94},[49,110698,1182],{"class":63},[49,110700,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110712],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110702,105],{"class":104},[49,110704,108],{"class":63},[49,110706,109988],{"class":94},[49,110708,110621],{"class":59},[49,110710,110711],{"class":94}," set2",[49,110713,272],{"class":63},[20,110715,29453],{},[40,110717,110719],{"className":42,"code":110718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110720,110721,110741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110724,8710],{"class":63},[49,110726,68],{"class":67},[49,110728,71],{"class":63},[49,110730,74],{"class":67},[49,110732,71],{"class":63},[49,110734,1888],{"class":67},[49,110736,71],{"class":63},[49,110738,4036],{"class":67},[49,110740,8741],{"class":63},[49,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110744,8710],{"class":63},[49,110746,68],{"class":67},[49,110748,71],{"class":63},[49,110750,74],{"class":67},[49,110752,71],{"class":63},[49,110754,1888],{"class":67},[49,110756,71],{"class":63},[49,110758,4036],{"class":67},[49,110760,8741],{"class":63},[20,110762,110763],{},"Both forms:",[137,110765,110766,110769],{},[140,110767,110768],{},"return a new set",[140,110770,110771],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110773,110774],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[35,110776,863],{"id":862},[20,110778,20633,110779,135],{},[15,110780,109792],{},[137,110782,110783,110791,110801,110816],{},[140,110784,110785,110788,110790],{},[30,110786,110787],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9278,110789],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[140,110792,110793,110796,110798,110800],{},[30,110794,110795],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9278,110797],{},[15,110799,109792],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[140,110802,110803,110808,110810,110812,110813,110815],{},[30,110804,110805,110806],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110807,99701],{},[9278,110809],{},[15,110811,99701],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110814,109792],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[140,110817,110818,110821,110823],{},[30,110819,110820],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9278,110822],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110825,58144],{},[137,110827,110828,110837,110840,110843],{},[140,110829,49917,110830,44053,110832,110836],{},[15,110831,109792],{},[308,110833,110834],{"href":107017},[15,110835,102086],{}," is actually needed",[140,110838,110839],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[140,110841,110842],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[140,110844,110845],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110847,110848,110849,91],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[308,110850,98365],{"href":104630},[20,110852,61578],{},[40,110854,110856],{"className":42,"code":110855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110857,110858,110868,110878,110896,110910,110924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110859,110860,110862,110864,110866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110861,105],{"class":104},[49,110863,108],{"class":63},[49,110865,99872],{"class":94},[49,110867,272],{"class":63},[49,110869,110870,110872,110874,110876],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,110871,105],{"class":104},[49,110873,108],{"class":63},[49,110875,99881],{"class":94},[49,110877,272],{"class":63},[49,110879,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,110881,105],{"class":104},[49,110883,108],{"class":63},[49,110885,99872],{"class":94},[49,110887,91],{"class":63},[49,110889,109882],{"class":94},[49,110891,108],{"class":63},[49,110893,99881],{"class":94},[49,110895,1182],{"class":63},[49,110897,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,110899,105],{"class":104},[49,110901,108],{"class":63},[49,110903,109988],{"class":94},[49,110905,110621],{"class":59},[49,110907,110711],{"class":94},[49,110909,272],{"class":63},[49,110911,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,110913,105],{"class":104},[49,110915,108],{"class":63},[49,110917,1175],{"class":1174},[49,110919,108],{"class":63},[49,110921,99872],{"class":94},[49,110923,1182],{"class":63},[49,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,110927,105],{"class":104},[49,110929,108],{"class":63},[49,110931,1175],{"class":1174},[49,110933,108],{"class":63},[49,110935,99881],{"class":94},[49,110937,1182],{"class":63},[35,110939,1253],{"id":1252},[528,110941,1257,110943,102026],{"id":110942},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,110944,109792],{},[20,110946,102029],{},[528,110948,1279,110950,618,110952,1284],{"id":110949},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,110951,109792],{},[15,110953,99701],{},[20,110955,110956,110958,110959,110961],{},[15,110957,99701],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,110960,109792],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[528,110963,1296,110965,110967],{"id":110964},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,110966,109792],{}," with lists?",[20,110969,110970],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,110972,761],{},[40,110974,110976],{"className":42,"code":110975,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,110977,110978,110998,111018,111022,111049],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110979,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110981,79942],{"class":55},[49,110983,60],{"class":59},[49,110985,64],{"class":63},[49,110987,68],{"class":67},[49,110989,71],{"class":63},[49,110991,74],{"class":67},[49,110993,71],{"class":63},[49,110995,79],{"class":67},[49,110997,82],{"class":63},[49,110999,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111001,79963],{"class":55},[49,111003,60],{"class":59},[49,111005,64],{"class":63},[49,111007,1494],{"class":67},[49,111009,71],{"class":63},[49,111011,1888],{"class":67},[49,111013,71],{"class":63},[49,111015,4036],{"class":67},[49,111017,82],{"class":63},[49,111019,111020],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111021,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111023,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111025,382],{"class":55},[49,111027,60],{"class":59},[49,111029,15055],{"class":1174},[49,111031,108],{"class":63},[49,111033,111034],{"class":94},"list1",[49,111036,8062],{"class":63},[49,111038,109882],{"class":94},[49,111040,108],{"class":63},[49,111042,5720],{"class":1174},[49,111044,108],{"class":63},[49,111046,80229],{"class":94},[49,111048,1182],{"class":63},[49,111050,111051,111053,111055,111057],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111052,105],{"class":104},[49,111054,108],{"class":63},[49,111056,420],{"class":94},[49,111058,272],{"class":63},[20,111060,275],{},[40,111062,111063],{"className":42,"code":110063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,111064,111065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111066,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111068,8710],{"class":63},[49,111070,68],{"class":67},[49,111072,71],{"class":63},[49,111074,74],{"class":67},[49,111076,71],{"class":63},[49,111078,1888],{"class":67},[49,111080,71],{"class":63},[49,111082,4036],{"class":67},[49,111084,8741],{"class":63},[528,111086,111088],{"id":111087},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111090,111091],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[35,111093,1309],{"id":1308},[137,111095,111096,111100,111105,111111,111117],{},[140,111097,111098],{},[308,111099,95615],{"href":95614},[140,111101,111102],{},[308,111103,111104],{"href":95618},"Creating a set in Python",[140,111106,111107],{},[308,111108,96101,111109,736],{"href":102127},[15,111110,99701],{},[140,111112,111113],{},[308,111114,96101,111115,736],{"href":107017},[15,111116,102086],{},[140,111118,111119],{},[308,111120,99631],{"href":104630},[20,111122,111123,111124,1622,111126,16495,111128,111130],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111125,99701],{},[15,111127,102086],{},[15,111129,109792],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1352,111132,56523],{},{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":111134},[111135,111136,111138,111139,111140,111141,111143,111145,111147,111148,111157],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":109907,"depth":85,"text":111137},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":110088,"depth":85,"text":110089},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":110336,"depth":85,"text":111142},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110478,"depth":85,"text":111144},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110618,"depth":85,"text":111146},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":111149},[111150,111152,111154,111156],{"id":110942,"depth":101,"text":111151},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110949,"depth":101,"text":111153},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110964,"depth":101,"text":111155},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111087,"depth":101,"text":111088},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109784,"description":111158},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111165,"title":111166,"body":111167,"description":113230,"extension":1392,"meta":113231,"navigation":243,"path":107017,"seo":113232,"stem":113233,"__hash__":113234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111168,"toc":113189},[111169,111174,111179,111182,111195,111197,111279,111284,111289,111293,111305,111308,111312,111314,111341,111343,111354,111357,111426,111428,111434,111437,111447,111449,111538,111543,111545,111552,111555,111557,111560,111680,111682,111751,111754,111771,111776,111779,111895,111897,111926,111929,111935,111940,111944,112025,112027,112055,112060,112064,112159,112161,112202,112206,112209,112276,112278,112319,112325,112340,112347,112354,112358,112364,112450,112454,112462,112533,112538,112545,112547,112553,112555,112620,112622,112638,112643,112646,112715,112719,112722,112781,112784,112788,112841,112854,112857,112910,112914,112916,112947,112950,112955,113008,113012,113015,113036,113048,113050,113103,113105,113110,113112,113118,113121,113127,113132,113136,113139,113147,113156,113158,113186],[10,111170,3010,111172,18],{"id":111171},"python-setunion-method",[15,111173,107330],{},[20,111175,111176,111178],{},[15,111177,107330],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111180,111181],{},"It is useful when you want:",[137,111183,111184,111187,111192],{},[140,111185,111186],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[140,111188,543,111189,111191],{},[30,111190,100056],{}," as the result",[140,111193,111194],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[35,111196,1434],{"id":1433},[40,111198,111200],{"className":42,"code":111199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111201,111202,111222,111242,111246,111264,111274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111203,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111205,109988],{"class":55},[49,111207,60],{"class":59},[49,111209,9923],{"class":63},[49,111211,68],{"class":67},[49,111213,71],{"class":63},[49,111215,74],{"class":67},[49,111217,71],{"class":63},[49,111219,79],{"class":67},[49,111221,8741],{"class":63},[49,111223,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111225,110009],{"class":55},[49,111227,60],{"class":59},[49,111229,9923],{"class":63},[49,111231,1494],{"class":67},[49,111233,71],{"class":63},[49,111235,1888],{"class":67},[49,111237,71],{"class":63},[49,111239,4036],{"class":67},[49,111241,8741],{"class":63},[49,111243,111244],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111245,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111247,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111249,382],{"class":55},[49,111251,60],{"class":59},[49,111253,110038],{"class":55},[49,111255,91],{"class":63},[49,111257,110556],{"class":94},[49,111259,108],{"class":63},[49,111261,99881],{"class":94},[49,111263,272],{"class":63},[49,111265,111266,111268,111270,111272],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111267,105],{"class":104},[49,111269,108],{"class":63},[49,111271,420],{"class":94},[49,111273,272],{"class":63},[49,111275,111276],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,111277,111278],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111280,111281,111283],{},[15,111282,102086],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[35,111285,127,111287,130],{"id":111286},"what-setunion-does",[15,111288,107330],{},[20,111290,111291,135],{},[15,111292,107330],{},[137,111294,111295,111298,111301,111303],{},[140,111296,111297],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[140,111299,111300],{},"keeps only unique values",[140,111302,109918],{},[140,111304,109927],{},[20,111306,111307],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111309,95611,111310,91],{},[308,111311,95615],{"href":96786},[35,111313,164],{"id":163},[40,111315,111317],{"className":42,"code":111316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111318,111319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111320,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111322,99872],{"class":55},[49,111324,91],{"class":63},[49,111326,110556],{"class":94},[49,111328,108],{"class":63},[49,111330,99881],{"class":94},[49,111332,71],{"class":63},[49,111334,99908],{"class":94},[49,111336,71],{"class":63},[49,111338,33876],{"class":104},[49,111340,272],{"class":63},[20,111342,12471],{},[137,111344,111345,111348,111351],{},[140,111346,111347],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[140,111349,111350],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[140,111352,111353],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111355,111356],{},"Example with two sets:",[40,111358,111360],{"className":42,"code":111359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111361,111362,111378,111394,111398,111416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111365,543],{"class":55},[49,111367,60],{"class":59},[49,111369,9923],{"class":63},[49,111371,68],{"class":67},[49,111373,71],{"class":63},[49,111375,74],{"class":67},[49,111377,8741],{"class":63},[49,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111381,564],{"class":55},[49,111383,60],{"class":59},[49,111385,9923],{"class":63},[49,111387,1488],{"class":67},[49,111389,71],{"class":63},[49,111391,79],{"class":67},[49,111393,8741],{"class":63},[49,111395,111396],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111397,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111399,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111401,382],{"class":55},[49,111403,60],{"class":59},[49,111405,56169],{"class":55},[49,111407,91],{"class":63},[49,111409,110556],{"class":94},[49,111411,108],{"class":63},[49,111413,360],{"class":94},[49,111415,272],{"class":63},[49,111417,111418,111420,111422,111424],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111419,105],{"class":104},[49,111421,108],{"class":63},[49,111423,420],{"class":94},[49,111425,272],{"class":63},[35,111427,21392],{"id":21391},[20,111429,111430,100053,111432,91],{},[15,111431,107330],{},[30,111433,100056],{},[20,111435,111436],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[137,111438,111439,111442],{},[140,111440,111441],{},"the original set",[140,111443,111444,111445],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111446,102086],{},[20,111448,761],{},[40,111450,111452],{"className":42,"code":111451,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111453,111454,111470,111486,111490,111508,111512,111525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111457,543],{"class":55},[49,111459,60],{"class":59},[49,111461,9923],{"class":63},[49,111463,68],{"class":67},[49,111465,71],{"class":63},[49,111467,74],{"class":67},[49,111469,8741],{"class":63},[49,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111473,564],{"class":55},[49,111475,60],{"class":59},[49,111477,9923],{"class":63},[49,111479,1488],{"class":67},[49,111481,71],{"class":63},[49,111483,79],{"class":67},[49,111485,8741],{"class":63},[49,111487,111488],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111489,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111491,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111493,382],{"class":55},[49,111495,60],{"class":59},[49,111497,56169],{"class":55},[49,111499,91],{"class":63},[49,111501,110556],{"class":94},[49,111503,108],{"class":63},[49,111505,360],{"class":94},[49,111507,272],{"class":63},[49,111509,111510],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111511,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,111515,105],{"class":104},[49,111517,108],{"class":63},[49,111519,420],{"class":94},[49,111521,113],{"class":63},[49,111523,111524],{"class":116},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,111528,105],{"class":104},[49,111530,108],{"class":63},[49,111532,308],{"class":94},[49,111534,113],{"class":63},[49,111536,111537],{"class":116},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111539,1718,111540,111542],{},[15,111541,308],{}," did not change.",[20,111544,110160],{},[137,111546,111547,111549],{},[140,111548,110165],{},[140,111550,111551],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111553,111554],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[35,111556,201],{"id":200},[20,111558,111559],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[40,111561,111563],{"className":42,"code":111562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111564,111565,111598,111631,111635,111655,111659,111669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111566,111567,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111568,111569],{"class":55},"fruits1 ",[49,111571,60],{"class":59},[49,111573,9923],{"class":63},[49,111575,347],{"class":346},[49,111577,3510],{"class":350},[49,111579,347],{"class":346},[49,111581,71],{"class":63},[49,111583,357],{"class":346},[49,111585,3519],{"class":350},[49,111587,347],{"class":346},[49,111589,71],{"class":63},[49,111591,357],{"class":346},[49,111593,32644],{"class":350},[49,111595,347],{"class":346},[49,111597,8741],{"class":63},[49,111599,111600,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111601,111602],{"class":55},"fruits2 ",[49,111604,60],{"class":59},[49,111606,9923],{"class":63},[49,111608,347],{"class":346},[49,111610,3519],{"class":350},[49,111612,347],{"class":346},[49,111614,71],{"class":63},[49,111616,357],{"class":346},[49,111618,21955],{"class":350},[49,111620,347],{"class":346},[49,111622,71],{"class":63},[49,111624,357],{"class":346},[49,111626,32644],{"class":350},[49,111628,347],{"class":346},[49,111630,8741],{"class":63},[49,111632,111633],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111634,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111636,111637,111639,111641,111644,111646,111648,111650,111653],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111638,382],{"class":55},[49,111640,60],{"class":59},[49,111642,111643],{"class":55}," fruits1",[49,111645,91],{"class":63},[49,111647,110556],{"class":94},[49,111649,108],{"class":63},[49,111651,111652],{"class":94},"fruits2",[49,111654,272],{"class":63},[49,111656,111657],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111658,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,111662,105],{"class":104},[49,111664,108],{"class":63},[49,111666,420],{"class":94},[49,111668,272],{"class":63},[49,111670,111671,111673,111675,111678],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,111672,105],{"class":104},[49,111674,108],{"class":63},[49,111676,111677],{"class":94},"fruits1",[49,111679,272],{"class":63},[20,111681,29453],{},[40,111683,111685],{"className":42,"code":111684,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111686,111687,111723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111688,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111690,8710],{"class":63},[49,111692,2734],{"class":346},[49,111694,3519],{"class":350},[49,111696,2734],{"class":346},[49,111698,71],{"class":63},[49,111700,2729],{"class":346},[49,111702,32644],{"class":350},[49,111704,2734],{"class":346},[49,111706,71],{"class":63},[49,111708,2729],{"class":346},[49,111710,3510],{"class":350},[49,111712,2734],{"class":346},[49,111714,71],{"class":63},[49,111716,2729],{"class":346},[49,111718,21955],{"class":350},[49,111720,2734],{"class":346},[49,111722,8741],{"class":63},[49,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111726,8710],{"class":63},[49,111728,2734],{"class":346},[49,111730,3519],{"class":350},[49,111732,2734],{"class":346},[49,111734,71],{"class":63},[49,111736,2729],{"class":346},[49,111738,32644],{"class":350},[49,111740,2734],{"class":346},[49,111742,71],{"class":63},[49,111744,2729],{"class":346},[49,111746,3510],{"class":350},[49,111748,2734],{"class":346},[49,111750,8741],{"class":63},[20,111752,111753],{},"What this shows:",[137,111755,111756,111763,111766],{},[140,111757,111758,618,111760,111762],{},[15,111759,64558],{},[15,111761,64985],{}," appear in both sets",[140,111764,111765],{},"they appear only once in the result",[140,111767,111768,111770],{},[15,111769,111677],{}," stays unchanged",[35,111772,1092,111774,100445],{"id":111773},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111775,102086],{},[20,111777,111778],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[40,111780,111782],{"className":42,"code":111781,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111783,111784,111800,111816,111833,111850,111854,111881,111885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111785,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111787,109988],{"class":55},[49,111789,60],{"class":59},[49,111791,9923],{"class":63},[49,111793,68],{"class":67},[49,111795,71],{"class":63},[49,111797,74],{"class":67},[49,111799,8741],{"class":63},[49,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111803,110009],{"class":55},[49,111805,60],{"class":59},[49,111807,9923],{"class":63},[49,111809,1488],{"class":67},[49,111811,71],{"class":63},[49,111813,79],{"class":67},[49,111815,8741],{"class":63},[49,111817,111818,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111819,111820],{"class":55},"set3 ",[49,111822,60],{"class":59},[49,111824,9923],{"class":63},[49,111826,1494],{"class":67},[49,111828,71],{"class":63},[49,111830,1888],{"class":67},[49,111832,8741],{"class":63},[49,111834,111835,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,111836,111837],{"class":55},"set4 ",[49,111839,60],{"class":59},[49,111841,9923],{"class":63},[49,111843,1936],{"class":67},[49,111845,71],{"class":63},[49,111847,4036],{"class":67},[49,111849,8741],{"class":63},[49,111851,111852],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,111853,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111879],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,111857,382],{"class":55},[49,111859,60],{"class":59},[49,111861,110038],{"class":55},[49,111863,91],{"class":63},[49,111865,110556],{"class":94},[49,111867,108],{"class":63},[49,111869,99881],{"class":94},[49,111871,71],{"class":63},[49,111873,99908],{"class":94},[49,111875,71],{"class":63},[49,111877,111878],{"class":94}," set4",[49,111880,272],{"class":63},[49,111882,111883],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,111884,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,111888,105],{"class":104},[49,111890,108],{"class":63},[49,111892,420],{"class":94},[49,111894,272],{"class":63},[20,111896,29453],{},[40,111898,111900],{"className":42,"code":111899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111901,111902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111903,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111905,8710],{"class":63},[49,111907,68],{"class":67},[49,111909,71],{"class":63},[49,111911,74],{"class":67},[49,111913,71],{"class":63},[49,111915,79],{"class":67},[49,111917,71],{"class":63},[49,111919,1888],{"class":67},[49,111921,71],{"class":63},[49,111923,4036],{"class":67},[49,111925,8741],{"class":63},[20,111927,111928],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[35,111930,1092,111932,111934],{"id":111931},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,111933,102086],{}," with other iterables",[20,111936,111937,111939],{},[15,111938,102086],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[528,111941,111943],{"id":111942},"with-a-list","With a list",[40,111945,111947],{"className":42,"code":111946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111948,111949,111969,111993,111997,112015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111950,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111952,214],{"class":55},[49,111954,60],{"class":59},[49,111956,9923],{"class":63},[49,111958,68],{"class":67},[49,111960,71],{"class":63},[49,111962,74],{"class":67},[49,111964,71],{"class":63},[49,111966,79],{"class":67},[49,111968,8741],{"class":63},[49,111970,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,111972,60330],{"class":55},[49,111974,60],{"class":59},[49,111976,64],{"class":63},[49,111978,1494],{"class":67},[49,111980,71],{"class":63},[49,111982,1888],{"class":67},[49,111984,71],{"class":63},[49,111986,4036],{"class":67},[49,111988,71],{"class":63},[49,111990,4036],{"class":67},[49,111992,82],{"class":63},[49,111994,111995],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,111996,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,111998,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112000,382],{"class":55},[49,112002,60],{"class":59},[49,112004,3695],{"class":55},[49,112006,91],{"class":63},[49,112008,110556],{"class":94},[49,112010,108],{"class":63},[49,112012,60359],{"class":94},[49,112014,272],{"class":63},[49,112016,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112018,105],{"class":104},[49,112020,108],{"class":63},[49,112022,420],{"class":94},[49,112024,272],{"class":63},[20,112026,29453],{},[40,112028,112029],{"className":42,"code":111899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112030,112031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112032,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112034,8710],{"class":63},[49,112036,68],{"class":67},[49,112038,71],{"class":63},[49,112040,74],{"class":67},[49,112042,71],{"class":63},[49,112044,79],{"class":67},[49,112046,71],{"class":63},[49,112048,1888],{"class":67},[49,112050,71],{"class":63},[49,112052,4036],{"class":67},[49,112054,8741],{"class":63},[20,112056,20399,112057,112059],{},[15,112058,1569],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[528,112061,112063],{"id":112062},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[40,112065,112067],{"className":42,"code":112066,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112068,112069,112093,112126,112130,112149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112070,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112072,35513],{"class":55},[49,112074,60],{"class":59},[49,112076,9923],{"class":63},[49,112078,347],{"class":346},[49,112080,308],{"class":350},[49,112082,347],{"class":346},[49,112084,71],{"class":63},[49,112086,357],{"class":346},[49,112088,360],{"class":350},[49,112090,347],{"class":346},[49,112092,8741],{"class":63},[49,112094,112095,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112096,112097],{"class":55},"more_letters ",[49,112099,60],{"class":59},[49,112101,8668],{"class":63},[49,112103,347],{"class":346},[49,112105,360],{"class":350},[49,112107,347],{"class":346},[49,112109,71],{"class":63},[49,112111,357],{"class":346},[49,112113,369],{"class":350},[49,112115,347],{"class":346},[49,112117,71],{"class":63},[49,112119,357],{"class":346},[49,112121,18190],{"class":350},[49,112123,347],{"class":346},[49,112125,272],{"class":63},[49,112127,112128],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112129,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112131,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112147],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112133,382],{"class":55},[49,112135,60],{"class":59},[49,112137,69380],{"class":55},[49,112139,91],{"class":63},[49,112141,110556],{"class":94},[49,112143,108],{"class":63},[49,112145,112146],{"class":94},"more_letters",[49,112148,272],{"class":63},[49,112150,112151,112153,112155,112157],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112152,105],{"class":104},[49,112154,108],{"class":63},[49,112156,420],{"class":94},[49,112158,272],{"class":63},[20,112160,29453],{},[40,112162,112164],{"className":42,"code":112163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112165,112166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112167,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112169,8710],{"class":63},[49,112171,2734],{"class":346},[49,112173,308],{"class":350},[49,112175,2734],{"class":346},[49,112177,71],{"class":63},[49,112179,2729],{"class":346},[49,112181,360],{"class":350},[49,112183,2734],{"class":346},[49,112185,71],{"class":63},[49,112187,2729],{"class":346},[49,112189,369],{"class":350},[49,112191,2734],{"class":346},[49,112193,71],{"class":63},[49,112195,2729],{"class":346},[49,112197,18190],{"class":350},[49,112199,2734],{"class":346},[49,112201,8741],{"class":63},[528,112203,112205],{"id":112204},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112207,112208],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[40,112210,112212],{"className":42,"code":112211,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112213,112214,112239,112262,112266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112215,112216,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112217,112218],{"class":55},"chars ",[49,112220,60],{"class":59},[49,112222,9923],{"class":63},[49,112224,347],{"class":346},[49,112226,308],{"class":350},[49,112228,347],{"class":346},[49,112230,71],{"class":63},[49,112232,357],{"class":346},[49,112234,360],{"class":350},[49,112236,347],{"class":346},[49,112238,8741],{"class":63},[49,112240,112241,112243,112245,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112242,382],{"class":55},[49,112244,60],{"class":59},[49,112246,112247],{"class":55}," chars",[49,112249,91],{"class":63},[49,112251,110556],{"class":94},[49,112253,108],{"class":63},[49,112255,347],{"class":346},[49,112257,36470],{"class":350},[49,112259,347],{"class":346},[49,112261,272],{"class":63},[49,112263,112264],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112265,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112269,105],{"class":104},[49,112271,108],{"class":63},[49,112273,420],{"class":94},[49,112275,272],{"class":63},[20,112277,29453],{},[40,112279,112281],{"className":42,"code":112280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112282,112283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112286,8710],{"class":63},[49,112288,2734],{"class":346},[49,112290,308],{"class":350},[49,112292,2734],{"class":346},[49,112294,71],{"class":63},[49,112296,2729],{"class":346},[49,112298,360],{"class":350},[49,112300,2734],{"class":346},[49,112302,71],{"class":63},[49,112304,2729],{"class":346},[49,112306,369],{"class":350},[49,112308,2734],{"class":346},[49,112310,71],{"class":63},[49,112312,2729],{"class":346},[49,112314,62570],{"class":350},[49,112316,2734],{"class":346},[49,112318,8741],{"class":63},[20,112320,21611,112321,112324],{},[15,112322,112323],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[137,112326,112327,112331,112335],{},[140,112328,112329],{},[15,112330,65765],{},[140,112332,112333],{},[15,112334,17518],{},[140,112336,112337],{},[15,112338,112339],{},"\"t\"",[35,112341,112343,10018,112345],{"id":112342},"union-vs-update",[15,112344,102086],{},[15,112346,14375],{},[20,112348,112349,618,112351,112353],{},[15,112350,102086],{},[15,112352,14375],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[528,112355,112356],{"id":110556},[15,112357,102086],{},[137,112359,112360,112362],{},[140,112361,109918],{},[140,112363,109927],{},[40,112365,112366],{"className":42,"code":111451,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112367,112368,112384,112400,112404,112422,112426,112438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112369,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112371,543],{"class":55},[49,112373,60],{"class":59},[49,112375,9923],{"class":63},[49,112377,68],{"class":67},[49,112379,71],{"class":63},[49,112381,74],{"class":67},[49,112383,8741],{"class":63},[49,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112387,564],{"class":55},[49,112389,60],{"class":59},[49,112391,9923],{"class":63},[49,112393,1488],{"class":67},[49,112395,71],{"class":63},[49,112397,79],{"class":67},[49,112399,8741],{"class":63},[49,112401,112402],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112403,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112405,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112407,382],{"class":55},[49,112409,60],{"class":59},[49,112411,56169],{"class":55},[49,112413,91],{"class":63},[49,112415,110556],{"class":94},[49,112417,108],{"class":63},[49,112419,360],{"class":94},[49,112421,272],{"class":63},[49,112423,112424],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112425,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112427,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,112429,105],{"class":104},[49,112431,108],{"class":63},[49,112433,420],{"class":94},[49,112435,113],{"class":63},[49,112437,111524],{"class":116},[49,112439,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,112441,105],{"class":104},[49,112443,108],{"class":63},[49,112445,308],{"class":94},[49,112447,113],{"class":63},[49,112449,111537],{"class":116},[528,112451,112452],{"id":29887},[15,112453,14375],{},[137,112455,112456,112459],{},[140,112457,112458],{},"changes the existing set in place",[140,112460,112461],{},"does not create a separate result set",[40,112463,112465],{"className":42,"code":112464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112466,112467,112483,112499,112503,112517,112521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112468,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112470,543],{"class":55},[49,112472,60],{"class":59},[49,112474,9923],{"class":63},[49,112476,68],{"class":67},[49,112478,71],{"class":63},[49,112480,74],{"class":67},[49,112482,8741],{"class":63},[49,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112486,564],{"class":55},[49,112488,60],{"class":59},[49,112490,9923],{"class":63},[49,112492,1488],{"class":67},[49,112494,71],{"class":63},[49,112496,79],{"class":67},[49,112498,8741],{"class":63},[49,112500,112501],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112502,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112504,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112506,308],{"class":55},[49,112508,91],{"class":63},[49,112510,29887],{"class":94},[49,112512,108],{"class":63},[49,112514,360],{"class":94},[49,112516,272],{"class":63},[49,112518,112519],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112520,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,112524,105],{"class":104},[49,112526,108],{"class":63},[49,112528,308],{"class":94},[49,112530,113],{"class":63},[49,112532,111524],{"class":116},[20,112534,120,112535,112537],{},[15,112536,102086],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112539,112540,112541,91],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[308,112542,3010,112543,736],{"href":97806},[15,112544,96601],{},[35,112546,863],{"id":862},[528,112548,1011,112550,112552],{"id":112549},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112551,102086],{}," to change the original set",[20,112554,81111],{},[40,112556,112558],{"className":42,"code":112557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112559,112560,112576,112592,112596,112610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112561,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112563,543],{"class":55},[49,112565,60],{"class":59},[49,112567,9923],{"class":63},[49,112569,68],{"class":67},[49,112571,71],{"class":63},[49,112573,74],{"class":67},[49,112575,8741],{"class":63},[49,112577,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112579,564],{"class":55},[49,112581,60],{"class":59},[49,112583,9923],{"class":63},[49,112585,1488],{"class":67},[49,112587,71],{"class":63},[49,112589,79],{"class":67},[49,112591,8741],{"class":63},[49,112593,112594],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112595,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112597,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112599,308],{"class":55},[49,112601,91],{"class":63},[49,112603,110556],{"class":94},[49,112605,108],{"class":63},[49,112607,360],{"class":94},[49,112609,272],{"class":63},[49,112611,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112613,105],{"class":104},[49,112615,108],{"class":63},[49,112617,308],{"class":94},[49,112619,272],{"class":63},[20,112621,275],{},[40,112623,112624],{"className":42,"code":99794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112625,112626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112627,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112629,8710],{"class":63},[49,112631,68],{"class":67},[49,112633,71],{"class":63},[49,112635,74],{"class":67},[49,112637,8741],{"class":63},[20,112639,7926,112640,112642],{},[15,112641,102086],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112644,112645],{},"Fix it like this:",[40,112647,112649],{"className":42,"code":112648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112650,112651,112667,112683,112687,112705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112654,543],{"class":55},[49,112656,60],{"class":59},[49,112658,9923],{"class":63},[49,112660,68],{"class":67},[49,112662,71],{"class":63},[49,112664,74],{"class":67},[49,112666,8741],{"class":63},[49,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112670,564],{"class":55},[49,112672,60],{"class":59},[49,112674,9923],{"class":63},[49,112676,1488],{"class":67},[49,112678,71],{"class":63},[49,112680,79],{"class":67},[49,112682,8741],{"class":63},[49,112684,112685],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112686,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112688,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112690,543],{"class":55},[49,112692,60],{"class":59},[49,112694,56169],{"class":55},[49,112696,91],{"class":63},[49,112698,110556],{"class":94},[49,112700,108],{"class":63},[49,112702,360],{"class":94},[49,112704,272],{"class":63},[49,112706,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,112708,105],{"class":104},[49,112710,108],{"class":63},[49,112712,308],{"class":94},[49,112714,272],{"class":63},[528,112716,112718],{"id":112717},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112720,112721],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[40,112723,112725],{"className":42,"code":112724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112726,112727,112743,112759,112763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112728,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112730,543],{"class":55},[49,112732,60],{"class":59},[49,112734,9923],{"class":63},[49,112736,1494],{"class":67},[49,112738,71],{"class":63},[49,112740,4930],{"class":67},[49,112742,8741],{"class":63},[49,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112746,564],{"class":55},[49,112748,60],{"class":59},[49,112750,9923],{"class":63},[49,112752,1488],{"class":67},[49,112754,71],{"class":63},[49,112756,1888],{"class":67},[49,112758,8741],{"class":63},[49,112760,112761],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112762,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,112764,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,112766,105],{"class":104},[49,112768,108],{"class":63},[49,112770,308],{"class":94},[49,112772,91],{"class":63},[49,112774,110556],{"class":94},[49,112776,108],{"class":63},[49,112778,360],{"class":94},[49,112780,1182],{"class":63},[20,112782,112783],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[528,112785,112787],{"id":112786},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[40,112789,112791],{"className":42,"code":112790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112792,112793,112809,112831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112794,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112796,3501],{"class":55},[49,112798,60],{"class":59},[49,112800,9923],{"class":63},[49,112802,347],{"class":346},[49,112804,57409],{"class":350},[49,112806,347],{"class":346},[49,112808,8741],{"class":63},[49,112810,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112812,382],{"class":55},[49,112814,60],{"class":59},[49,112816,5601],{"class":55},[49,112818,91],{"class":63},[49,112820,110556],{"class":94},[49,112822,108],{"class":63},[49,112824,347],{"class":346},[49,112826,36470],{"class":350},[49,112828,347],{"class":346},[49,112830,272],{"class":63},[49,112832,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112834,105],{"class":104},[49,112836,108],{"class":63},[49,112838,420],{"class":94},[49,112840,272],{"class":63},[20,112842,112843,112844,1622,112846,16495,112848,112850,112851,112853],{},"This adds ",[15,112845,65765],{},[15,112847,17518],{},[15,112849,112339],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112852,112323],{}," as one item.",[20,112855,112856],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[40,112858,112860],{"className":42,"code":112859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112861,112862,112878,112900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112863,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112865,3501],{"class":55},[49,112867,60],{"class":59},[49,112869,9923],{"class":63},[49,112871,347],{"class":346},[49,112873,57409],{"class":350},[49,112875,347],{"class":346},[49,112877,8741],{"class":63},[49,112879,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112881,382],{"class":55},[49,112883,60],{"class":59},[49,112885,5601],{"class":55},[49,112887,91],{"class":63},[49,112889,110556],{"class":94},[49,112891,2418],{"class":63},[49,112893,347],{"class":346},[49,112895,36470],{"class":350},[49,112897,347],{"class":346},[49,112899,3319],{"class":63},[49,112901,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,112903,105],{"class":104},[49,112905,108],{"class":63},[49,112907,420],{"class":94},[49,112909,272],{"class":63},[528,112911,112913],{"id":112912},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112915,2268],{},[40,112917,112919],{"className":42,"code":112918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,112920,112921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112922,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112924,15050],{"class":55},[49,112926,60],{"class":59},[49,112928,9923],{"class":63},[49,112930,68],{"class":67},[49,112932,71],{"class":63},[49,112934,74],{"class":67},[49,112936,71],{"class":63},[49,112938,64],{"class":63},[49,112940,1494],{"class":67},[49,112942,71],{"class":63},[49,112944,1888],{"class":67},[49,112946,13126],{"class":63},[20,112948,112949],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,112951,112952,112953,135],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,112954,102086],{},[40,112956,112958],{"className":42,"code":112957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112959,112960,112976,112998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112961,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112963,15050],{"class":55},[49,112965,60],{"class":59},[49,112967,9923],{"class":63},[49,112969,68],{"class":67},[49,112971,71],{"class":63},[49,112973,74],{"class":67},[49,112975,8741],{"class":63},[49,112977,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,112979,382],{"class":55},[49,112981,60],{"class":59},[49,112983,96211],{"class":55},[49,112985,91],{"class":63},[49,112987,110556],{"class":94},[49,112989,2418],{"class":63},[49,112991,1494],{"class":67},[49,112993,71],{"class":63},[49,112995,1888],{"class":67},[49,112997,3319],{"class":63},[49,112999,113000,113002,113004,113006],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113001,105],{"class":104},[49,113003,108],{"class":63},[49,113005,420],{"class":94},[49,113007,272],{"class":63},[35,113009,113011],{"id":113010},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113013,113014],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[137,113016,113017,113023,113030,113033],{},[140,113018,113019,113020,113022],{},"call ",[15,113021,102086],{}," without saving the returned set",[140,113024,113025,113026,8135,113028],{},"confuse ",[15,113027,102086],{},[15,113029,14375],{},[140,113031,113032],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[140,113034,113035],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113037,113038,113039,618,113043,91],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[308,113040,3010,113041,736],{"href":102075},[15,113042,105860],{},[308,113044,3010,113046,736],{"href":113045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113047,99706],{},[20,113049,61578],{},[40,113051,113053],{"className":42,"code":113052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113054,113055,113065,113079,113089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113056,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113058,105],{"class":104},[49,113060,108],{"class":63},[49,113062,15088],{"class":94},[49,113064,272],{"class":63},[49,113066,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113068,105],{"class":104},[49,113070,108],{"class":63},[49,113072,1175],{"class":1174},[49,113074,108],{"class":63},[49,113076,15088],{"class":94},[49,113078,1182],{"class":63},[49,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113082,105],{"class":104},[49,113084,108],{"class":63},[49,113086,420],{"class":94},[49,113088,272],{"class":63},[49,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113092,31575],{"class":104},[49,113094,108],{"class":63},[49,113096,5720],{"class":1174},[49,113098,91],{"class":63},[49,113100,110556],{"class":915},[49,113102,272],{"class":63},[35,113104,1253],{"id":1252},[528,113106,1257,113108,102026],{"id":113107},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113109,107330],{},[20,113111,102029],{},[528,113113,4601,113115,113117],{"id":113114},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113116,102086],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113119,113120],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[528,113122,1296,113124,113126],{"id":113123},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113125,102086],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113128,41576,113129,113131],{},[15,113130,102086],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[528,113133,113135],{"id":113134},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113137,113138],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[528,113140,1279,113142,618,113144,1284],{"id":113141},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113143,102086],{},[15,113145,113146],{},"|",[20,113148,113149,113150,113152,113153,113155],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113151,113146],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113154,102086],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[35,113157,1309],{"id":1308},[137,113159,113160,113164,113170,113176,113182],{},[140,113161,113162],{},[308,113163,95615],{"href":96786},[140,113165,113166],{},[308,113167,3010,113168,736],{"href":97806},[15,113169,96601],{},[140,113171,113172],{},[308,113173,3010,113174,736],{"href":102075},[15,113175,105860],{},[140,113177,113178],{},[308,113179,3010,113180,736],{"href":113045},[15,113181,99706],{},[140,113183,113184],{},[308,113185,99631],{"href":98364},[1352,113187,113188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":113190},[113191,113192,113194,113195,113196,113197,113199,113205,113210,113217,113218,113229],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":111286,"depth":85,"text":113193},"What set.union() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":21391,"depth":85,"text":21392},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":111773,"depth":85,"text":113198},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111931,"depth":85,"text":113200,"children":113201},"Using union() with other iterables",[113202,113203,113204],{"id":111942,"depth":101,"text":111943},{"id":112062,"depth":101,"text":112063},{"id":112204,"depth":101,"text":112205},{"id":112342,"depth":85,"text":113206,"children":113207},"union() vs update()",[113208,113209],{"id":110556,"depth":101,"text":102086},{"id":29887,"depth":101,"text":14375},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":113211},[113212,113214,113215,113216],{"id":112549,"depth":101,"text":113213},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112717,"depth":101,"text":112718},{"id":112786,"depth":101,"text":112787},{"id":112912,"depth":101,"text":112913},{"id":113010,"depth":85,"text":113011},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":113219},[113220,113222,113224,113226,113227],{"id":113107,"depth":101,"text":113221},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113114,"depth":101,"text":113223},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113123,"depth":101,"text":113225},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113134,"depth":101,"text":113135},{"id":113141,"depth":101,"text":113228},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111166,"description":113230},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113236,"title":113237,"body":113238,"description":115127,"extension":1392,"meta":115128,"navigation":243,"path":96100,"seo":115129,"stem":115130,"__hash__":115131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113239,"toc":115093},[113240,113245,113250,113258,113260,113318,113323,113328,113332,113344,113347,113421,113426,113428,113430,113449,113451,113468,113471,113498,113500,113570,113574,113576,113582,113584,113645,113650,113652,113709,113713,113718,113783,113785,113805,113812,113816,113821,113906,113909,113916,114019,114023,114028,114086,114089,114100,114114,114121,114179,114186,114189,114199,114203,114261,114265,114331,114334,114392,114399,114406,114409,114413,114422,114491,114495,114501,114589,114599,114603,114607,114611,114614,114675,114680,114737,114741,114743,114778,114785,114787,114841,114848,114852,114855,114920,114929,114935,114992,114994,114999,115003,115007,115010,115017,115025,115029,115034,115038,115044,115046,115081,115090],[10,113241,95487,113243,18],{"id":113242},"python-set-update-method",[15,113244,14375],{},[20,113246,113247,113249],{},[15,113248,96601],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113251,113252,113253,113257],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[308,113254,113255],{"href":97787},[15,113256,95495],{},", which adds only one item.",[35,113259,38],{"id":37},[40,113261,113263],{"className":42,"code":113262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113264,113265,113281,113303,113313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113266,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113268,214],{"class":55},[49,113270,60],{"class":59},[49,113272,9923],{"class":63},[49,113274,68],{"class":67},[49,113276,71],{"class":63},[49,113278,74],{"class":67},[49,113280,8741],{"class":63},[49,113282,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113284,249],{"class":55},[49,113286,91],{"class":63},[49,113288,29887],{"class":94},[49,113290,2418],{"class":63},[49,113292,1488],{"class":67},[49,113294,71],{"class":63},[49,113296,79],{"class":67},[49,113298,71],{"class":63},[49,113300,1888],{"class":67},[49,113302,3319],{"class":63},[49,113304,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113306,105],{"class":104},[49,113308,108],{"class":63},[49,113310,249],{"class":94},[49,113312,272],{"class":63},[49,113314,113315],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113316,113317],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113319,120,113320,113322],{},[15,113321,14375],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[35,113324,127,113326,130],{"id":113325},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113327,96601],{},[20,113329,113330,135],{},[15,113331,96601],{},[137,113333,113334,113337,113339,113342],{},[140,113335,113336],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[140,113338,95602],{},[140,113340,113341],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[140,113343,95605],{},[20,113345,113346],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[40,113348,113350],{"className":42,"code":113349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113351,113352,113376,113402,113406,113416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113353,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113355,12495],{"class":55},[49,113357,60],{"class":59},[49,113359,9923],{"class":63},[49,113361,347],{"class":346},[49,113363,12512],{"class":350},[49,113365,347],{"class":346},[49,113367,71],{"class":63},[49,113369,357],{"class":346},[49,113371,12529],{"class":350},[49,113373,347],{"class":346},[49,113375,8741],{"class":63},[49,113377,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113379,16924],{"class":55},[49,113381,91],{"class":63},[49,113383,29887],{"class":94},[49,113385,2418],{"class":63},[49,113387,347],{"class":346},[49,113389,12529],{"class":350},[49,113391,347],{"class":346},[49,113393,71],{"class":63},[49,113395,357],{"class":346},[49,113397,16877],{"class":350},[49,113399,347],{"class":346},[49,113401,3319],{"class":63},[49,113403,113404],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113405,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113409,105],{"class":104},[49,113411,108],{"class":63},[49,113413,16924],{"class":94},[49,113415,272],{"class":63},[49,113417,113418],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113419,113420],{"class":116},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113422,20399,113423,113425],{},[15,113424,110321],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[35,113427,164],{"id":163},[20,113429,6652],{},[40,113431,113433],{"className":42,"code":113432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113434,113435],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113438,15088],{"class":55},[49,113440,91],{"class":63},[49,113442,29887],{"class":94},[49,113444,108],{"class":63},[49,113446,3151],{"class":94},[49,113448,272],{"class":63},[20,113450,79487],{},[137,113452,113453,113456,113459,113462,113465],{},[140,113454,113455],{},"A list",[140,113457,113458],{},"A tuple",[140,113460,113461],{},"Another set",[140,113463,113464],{},"A string",[140,113466,113467],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113469,113470],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[40,113472,113474],{"className":42,"code":113473,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113475,113476],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113477,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113479,15088],{"class":55},[49,113481,91],{"class":63},[49,113483,29887],{"class":94},[49,113485,108],{"class":63},[49,113487,308],{"class":94},[49,113489,71],{"class":63},[49,113491,1990],{"class":94},[49,113493,71],{"class":63},[49,113495,9114],{"class":94},[49,113497,272],{"class":63},[20,113499,761],{},[40,113501,113503],{"className":42,"code":113502,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113504,113505,113517,113551,113555,113565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113508,3252],{"class":55},[49,113510,60],{"class":59},[49,113512,9923],{"class":63},[49,113514,68],{"class":67},[49,113516,8741],{"class":63},[49,113518,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113520,4790],{"class":55},[49,113522,91],{"class":63},[49,113524,29887],{"class":94},[49,113526,2418],{"class":63},[49,113528,1488],{"class":67},[49,113530,71],{"class":63},[49,113532,79],{"class":67},[49,113534,17484],{"class":63},[49,113536,8668],{"class":63},[49,113538,1936],{"class":67},[49,113540,71],{"class":63},[49,113542,4036],{"class":67},[49,113544,8665],{"class":63},[49,113546,9923],{"class":63},[49,113548,79878],{"class":67},[49,113550,29919],{"class":63},[49,113552,113553],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113554,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113556,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113558,105],{"class":104},[49,113560,108],{"class":63},[49,113562,4790],{"class":94},[49,113564,272],{"class":63},[49,113566,113567],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113568,113569],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113571,95611,113572,91],{},[308,113573,95619],{"href":97170},[35,113575,21392],{"id":21391},[20,113577,113578,320,113580,91],{},[15,113579,96601],{},[15,113581,323],{},[20,113583,11138],{},[40,113585,113587],{"className":42,"code":113586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113588,113589,113605,113627,113631,113641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113592,214],{"class":55},[49,113594,60],{"class":59},[49,113596,9923],{"class":63},[49,113598,68],{"class":67},[49,113600,71],{"class":63},[49,113602,74],{"class":67},[49,113604,8741],{"class":63},[49,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113608,382],{"class":55},[49,113610,60],{"class":59},[49,113612,3695],{"class":55},[49,113614,91],{"class":63},[49,113616,29887],{"class":94},[49,113618,2418],{"class":63},[49,113620,1494],{"class":67},[49,113622,71],{"class":63},[49,113624,1888],{"class":67},[49,113626,3319],{"class":63},[49,113628,113629],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113630,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113632,113633,113635,113637,113639],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113634,105],{"class":104},[49,113636,108],{"class":63},[49,113638,420],{"class":94},[49,113640,272],{"class":63},[49,113642,113643],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113644,61114],{"class":116},[20,113646,113647,113648,91],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113649,420],{},[20,113651,18391],{},[40,113653,113655],{"className":42,"code":113654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113656,113657,113673,113691,113695,113705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113658,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113660,214],{"class":55},[49,113662,60],{"class":59},[49,113664,9923],{"class":63},[49,113666,68],{"class":67},[49,113668,71],{"class":63},[49,113670,74],{"class":67},[49,113672,8741],{"class":63},[49,113674,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113676,249],{"class":55},[49,113678,91],{"class":63},[49,113680,29887],{"class":94},[49,113682,2418],{"class":63},[49,113684,1494],{"class":67},[49,113686,71],{"class":63},[49,113688,1888],{"class":67},[49,113690,3319],{"class":63},[49,113692,113693],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113694,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113696,113697,113699,113701,113703],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113698,105],{"class":104},[49,113700,108],{"class":63},[49,113702,249],{"class":94},[49,113704,272],{"class":63},[49,113706,113707],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113708,113317],{"class":116},[35,113710,113712],{"id":113711},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113714,113715,113716,91],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113717,14375],{},[40,113719,113721],{"className":42,"code":113720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113722,113723,113739,113765,113769,113779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113724,113725,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113726,214],{"class":55},[49,113728,60],{"class":59},[49,113730,9923],{"class":63},[49,113732,68],{"class":67},[49,113734,71],{"class":63},[49,113736,74],{"class":67},[49,113738,8741],{"class":63},[49,113740,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113742,249],{"class":55},[49,113744,91],{"class":63},[49,113746,29887],{"class":94},[49,113748,2418],{"class":63},[49,113750,1488],{"class":67},[49,113752,71],{"class":63},[49,113754,79],{"class":67},[49,113756,71],{"class":63},[49,113758,1888],{"class":67},[49,113760,71],{"class":63},[49,113762,1888],{"class":67},[49,113764,3319],{"class":63},[49,113766,113767],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113768,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113770,113771,113773,113775,113777],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113772,105],{"class":104},[49,113774,108],{"class":63},[49,113776,249],{"class":94},[49,113778,272],{"class":63},[49,113780,113781],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113782,113317],{"class":116},[20,113784,287],{},[137,113786,113787,113792,113799],{},[140,113788,113789,113791],{},[15,113790,1488],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[140,113793,113794,618,113796,113798],{},[15,113795,1494],{},[15,113797,1936],{}," are added",[140,113800,113801,113802,113804],{},"The second ",[15,113803,1936],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113806,113807,113808,113811],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[308,113809,113810],{"href":98364},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[35,113813,113815],{"id":113814},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113817,7198,113818,113820],{},[15,113819,14375],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[40,113822,113824],{"className":42,"code":113823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113825,113826,113847,113868,113872,113888,113892,113902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113827,113828,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113829,113830],{"class":55},"set_a ",[49,113832,60],{"class":59},[49,113834,9923],{"class":63},[49,113836,68],{"class":67},[49,113838,71],{"class":63},[49,113840,74],{"class":67},[49,113842,71],{"class":63},[49,113844,79],{"class":67},[49,113846,8741],{"class":63},[49,113848,113849,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113850,113851],{"class":55},"set_b ",[49,113853,60],{"class":59},[49,113855,9923],{"class":63},[49,113857,1494],{"class":67},[49,113859,71],{"class":63},[49,113861,1888],{"class":67},[49,113863,71],{"class":63},[49,113865,4036],{"class":67},[49,113867,8741],{"class":63},[49,113869,113870],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113871,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113873,113874,113877,113879,113881,113883,113886],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113875,113876],{"class":55},"set_a",[49,113878,91],{"class":63},[49,113880,29887],{"class":94},[49,113882,108],{"class":63},[49,113884,113885],{"class":94},"set_b",[49,113887,272],{"class":63},[49,113889,113890],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113891,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,113895,105],{"class":104},[49,113897,108],{"class":63},[49,113899,113876],{"class":94},[49,113901,272],{"class":63},[49,113903,113904],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,113905,111278],{"class":116},[20,113907,113908],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113910,113911,113912,91],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[308,113913,113914],{"href":102083},[15,113915,107330],{},[40,113917,113919],{"className":42,"code":113918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113920,113921,113941,113961,113965,113985,113989,114000,114004,114014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113922,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113924,113830],{"class":55},[49,113926,60],{"class":59},[49,113928,9923],{"class":63},[49,113930,68],{"class":67},[49,113932,71],{"class":63},[49,113934,74],{"class":67},[49,113936,71],{"class":63},[49,113938,79],{"class":67},[49,113940,8741],{"class":63},[49,113942,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,113944,113851],{"class":55},[49,113946,60],{"class":59},[49,113948,9923],{"class":63},[49,113950,1494],{"class":67},[49,113952,71],{"class":63},[49,113954,1888],{"class":67},[49,113956,71],{"class":63},[49,113958,4036],{"class":67},[49,113960,8741],{"class":63},[49,113962,113963],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,113964,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113966,113967,113970,113972,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,113968,113969],{"class":55},"combined ",[49,113971,60],{"class":59},[49,113973,113974],{"class":55}," set_a",[49,113976,91],{"class":63},[49,113978,110556],{"class":94},[49,113980,108],{"class":63},[49,113982,113885],{"class":94},[49,113984,272],{"class":63},[49,113986,113987],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,113988,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,113990,113991,113993,113995,113998],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,113992,105],{"class":104},[49,113994,108],{"class":63},[49,113996,113997],{"class":94},"combined",[49,113999,272],{"class":63},[49,114001,114002],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,114003,111278],{"class":116},[49,114005,114006,114008,114010,114012],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,114007,105],{"class":104},[49,114009,108],{"class":63},[49,114011,113876],{"class":94},[49,114013,272],{"class":63},[49,114015,114016],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,114017,114018],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[35,114020,114022],{"id":114021},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114024,64023,114025,114027],{},[15,114026,14375],{}," adds each character separately.",[40,114029,114031],{"className":42,"code":114030,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114032,114033,114049,114067,114071,114081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114034,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045,114047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114036,35513],{"class":55},[49,114038,60],{"class":59},[49,114040,9923],{"class":63},[49,114042,347],{"class":346},[49,114044,1606],{"class":350},[49,114046,347],{"class":346},[49,114048,8741],{"class":63},[49,114050,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114052,35566],{"class":55},[49,114054,91],{"class":63},[49,114056,29887],{"class":94},[49,114058,108],{"class":63},[49,114060,347],{"class":346},[49,114062,36470],{"class":350},[49,114064,347],{"class":346},[49,114066,272],{"class":63},[49,114068,114069],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114070,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114074,105],{"class":104},[49,114076,108],{"class":63},[49,114078,35566],{"class":94},[49,114080,272],{"class":63},[49,114082,114083],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114084,114085],{"class":116},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114087,114088],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114090,114091,13474,114094,114096,114097,114099],{},[15,114092,114093],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114095,329],{}," add ",[15,114098,112323],{}," as one item. It adds:",[137,114101,114102,114106,114110],{},[140,114103,114104],{},[15,114105,65765],{},[140,114107,114108],{},[15,114109,17518],{},[140,114111,114112],{},[15,114113,112339],{},[20,114115,114116,114117,135],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[308,114118,114119],{"href":97787},[15,114120,95495],{},[40,114122,114124],{"className":42,"code":114123,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114125,114126,114142,114160,114164,114174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114127,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136,114138,114140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114129,3501],{"class":55},[49,114131,60],{"class":59},[49,114133,9923],{"class":63},[49,114135,347],{"class":346},[49,114137,57409],{"class":350},[49,114139,347],{"class":346},[49,114141,8741],{"class":63},[49,114143,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114145,3545],{"class":55},[49,114147,91],{"class":63},[49,114149,81390],{"class":94},[49,114151,108],{"class":63},[49,114153,347],{"class":346},[49,114155,36470],{"class":350},[49,114157,347],{"class":346},[49,114159,272],{"class":63},[49,114161,114162],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114163,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114165,114166,114168,114170,114172],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114167,105],{"class":104},[49,114169,108],{"class":63},[49,114171,3545],{"class":94},[49,114173,272],{"class":63},[49,114175,114176],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114177,114178],{"class":116},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[35,114180,114182,10018,114184],{"id":114181},"update-vs-add",[15,114183,14375],{},[15,114185,95490],{},[20,114187,114188],{},"The difference is simple:",[137,114190,114191,114195],{},[140,114192,114193,96089],{},[15,114194,95490],{},[140,114196,114197,96094],{},[15,114198,14375],{},[20,114200,45464,114201,135],{},[15,114202,95490],{},[40,114204,114206],{"className":42,"code":114205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114207,114208,114224,114242,114246,114256],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114209,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114211,35661],{"class":55},[49,114213,60],{"class":59},[49,114215,9923],{"class":63},[49,114217,347],{"class":346},[49,114219,3510],{"class":350},[49,114221,347],{"class":346},[49,114223,8741],{"class":63},[49,114225,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114227,35713],{"class":55},[49,114229,91],{"class":63},[49,114231,81390],{"class":94},[49,114233,108],{"class":63},[49,114235,347],{"class":346},[49,114237,3519],{"class":350},[49,114239,347],{"class":346},[49,114241,272],{"class":63},[49,114243,114244],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114245,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114247,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114249,105],{"class":104},[49,114251,108],{"class":63},[49,114253,35713],{"class":94},[49,114255,272],{"class":63},[49,114257,114258],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114259,114260],{"class":116},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114262,45464,114263,135],{},[15,114264,14375],{},[40,114266,114268],{"className":42,"code":114267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114269,114270,114286,114312,114316,114326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114271,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114273,35661],{"class":55},[49,114275,60],{"class":59},[49,114277,9923],{"class":63},[49,114279,347],{"class":346},[49,114281,3510],{"class":350},[49,114283,347],{"class":346},[49,114285,8741],{"class":63},[49,114287,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114289,35713],{"class":55},[49,114291,91],{"class":63},[49,114293,29887],{"class":94},[49,114295,2418],{"class":63},[49,114297,347],{"class":346},[49,114299,3519],{"class":350},[49,114301,347],{"class":346},[49,114303,71],{"class":63},[49,114305,357],{"class":346},[49,114307,32644],{"class":350},[49,114309,347],{"class":346},[49,114311,3319],{"class":63},[49,114313,114314],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114315,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114319,105],{"class":104},[49,114321,108],{"class":63},[49,114323,35713],{"class":94},[49,114325,272],{"class":63},[49,114327,114328],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114329,114330],{"class":116},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114332,114333],{},"Important warning with strings:",[40,114335,114337],{"className":42,"code":114336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114338,114339,114355,114373,114377,114387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114340,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349,114351,114353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114342,35661],{"class":55},[49,114344,60],{"class":59},[49,114346,9923],{"class":63},[49,114348,347],{"class":346},[49,114350,3510],{"class":350},[49,114352,347],{"class":346},[49,114354,8741],{"class":63},[49,114356,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114358,35713],{"class":55},[49,114360,91],{"class":63},[49,114362,29887],{"class":94},[49,114364,108],{"class":63},[49,114366,347],{"class":346},[49,114368,37764],{"class":350},[49,114370,347],{"class":346},[49,114372,272],{"class":63},[49,114374,114375],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114376,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114378,114379,114381,114383,114385],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114380,105],{"class":104},[49,114382,108],{"class":63},[49,114384,35713],{"class":94},[49,114386,272],{"class":63},[49,114388,114389],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114390,114391],{"class":116},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114393,61389,114394,61462,114397,6064],{},[15,114395,114396],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114398,95490],{},[35,114400,114402,10018,114404],{"id":114401},"update-vs-union",[15,114403,14375],{},[15,114405,102086],{},[20,114407,114408],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[528,114410,114411],{"id":29887},[15,114412,14375],{},[137,114414,114415,114418],{},[140,114416,114417],{},"Changes the existing set",[140,114419,10851,114420],{},[15,114421,323],{},[40,114423,114425],{"className":42,"code":114424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114426,114427,114443,114459,114463,114477,114487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114428,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114430,543],{"class":55},[49,114432,60],{"class":59},[49,114434,9923],{"class":63},[49,114436,68],{"class":67},[49,114438,71],{"class":63},[49,114440,74],{"class":67},[49,114442,8741],{"class":63},[49,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114446,564],{"class":55},[49,114448,60],{"class":59},[49,114450,9923],{"class":63},[49,114452,1488],{"class":67},[49,114454,71],{"class":63},[49,114456,79],{"class":67},[49,114458,8741],{"class":63},[49,114460,114461],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114462,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114464,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114466,308],{"class":55},[49,114468,91],{"class":63},[49,114470,29887],{"class":94},[49,114472,108],{"class":63},[49,114474,360],{"class":94},[49,114476,272],{"class":63},[49,114478,114479,114481,114483,114485],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114480,105],{"class":104},[49,114482,108],{"class":63},[49,114484,308],{"class":94},[49,114486,272],{"class":63},[49,114488,114489],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,114490,114018],{"class":116},[528,114492,114493],{"id":110556},[15,114494,102086],{},[137,114496,114497,114499],{},[140,114498,100624],{},[140,114500,100627],{},[40,114502,114504],{"className":42,"code":114503,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114505,114506,114522,114538,114542,114560,114570,114574,114584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114507,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114509,543],{"class":55},[49,114511,60],{"class":59},[49,114513,9923],{"class":63},[49,114515,68],{"class":67},[49,114517,71],{"class":63},[49,114519,74],{"class":67},[49,114521,8741],{"class":63},[49,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114525,564],{"class":55},[49,114527,60],{"class":59},[49,114529,9923],{"class":63},[49,114531,1488],{"class":67},[49,114533,71],{"class":63},[49,114535,79],{"class":67},[49,114537,8741],{"class":63},[49,114539,114540],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114541,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114543,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114545,82470],{"class":55},[49,114547,60],{"class":59},[49,114549,56169],{"class":55},[49,114551,91],{"class":63},[49,114553,110556],{"class":94},[49,114555,108],{"class":63},[49,114557,360],{"class":94},[49,114559,272],{"class":63},[49,114561,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114563,105],{"class":104},[49,114565,108],{"class":63},[49,114567,369],{"class":94},[49,114569,272],{"class":63},[49,114571,114572],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,114573,114018],{"class":116},[49,114575,114576,114578,114580,114582],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,114577,105],{"class":104},[49,114579,108],{"class":63},[49,114581,308],{"class":94},[49,114583,272],{"class":63},[49,114585,114586],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,114587,114588],{"class":116},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114590,106972,114591,114593,114594,114598],{},[15,114592,14375],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[308,114595,114596],{"href":102083},[15,114597,102086],{}," when you want a new set.",[35,114600,114602],{"id":114601},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114604,10179,114605,91],{},[15,114606,96601],{},[528,114608,114610],{"id":114609},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114612,114613],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[40,114615,114617],{"className":42,"code":114616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114618,114619,114635,114657,114661,114671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114622,15050],{"class":55},[49,114624,60],{"class":59},[49,114626,9923],{"class":63},[49,114628,68],{"class":67},[49,114630,71],{"class":63},[49,114632,74],{"class":67},[49,114634,8741],{"class":63},[49,114636,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114638,382],{"class":55},[49,114640,60],{"class":59},[49,114642,96211],{"class":55},[49,114644,91],{"class":63},[49,114646,29887],{"class":94},[49,114648,2418],{"class":63},[49,114650,1494],{"class":67},[49,114652,71],{"class":63},[49,114654,1888],{"class":67},[49,114656,3319],{"class":63},[49,114658,114659],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114660,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114662,114663,114665,114667,114669],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114664,105],{"class":104},[49,114666,108],{"class":63},[49,114668,420],{"class":94},[49,114670,272],{"class":63},[49,114672,114673],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114674,61114],{"class":116},[20,114676,114677,114678,135],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114679,14375],{},[40,114681,114683],{"className":42,"code":114682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114684,114685,114701,114719,114723,114733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114686,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114688,15050],{"class":55},[49,114690,60],{"class":59},[49,114692,9923],{"class":63},[49,114694,68],{"class":67},[49,114696,71],{"class":63},[49,114698,74],{"class":67},[49,114700,8741],{"class":63},[49,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114704,15088],{"class":55},[49,114706,91],{"class":63},[49,114708,29887],{"class":94},[49,114710,2418],{"class":63},[49,114712,1494],{"class":67},[49,114714,71],{"class":63},[49,114716,1888],{"class":67},[49,114718,3319],{"class":63},[49,114720,114721],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114722,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114724,114725,114727,114729,114731],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114726,105],{"class":104},[49,114728,108],{"class":63},[49,114730,15088],{"class":94},[49,114732,272],{"class":63},[49,114734,114735],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114736,113317],{"class":116},[528,114738,114740],{"id":114739},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114742,2268],{},[40,114744,114746],{"className":42,"code":114745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114747,114748,114764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114749,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114751,15050],{"class":55},[49,114753,60],{"class":59},[49,114755,9923],{"class":63},[49,114757,68],{"class":67},[49,114759,71],{"class":63},[49,114761,74],{"class":67},[49,114763,8741],{"class":63},[49,114765,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114767,15088],{"class":55},[49,114769,91],{"class":63},[49,114771,29887],{"class":94},[49,114773,108],{"class":63},[49,114775,1569],{"class":67},[49,114777,272],{"class":63},[20,114779,61568,114780,8032,114782,114784],{},[15,114781,2437],{},[15,114783,1569],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114786,5987],{},[40,114788,114790],{"className":42,"code":114789,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114791,114792,114808,114822,114826,114836],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114793,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114795,15050],{"class":55},[49,114797,60],{"class":59},[49,114799,9923],{"class":63},[49,114801,68],{"class":67},[49,114803,71],{"class":63},[49,114805,74],{"class":67},[49,114807,8741],{"class":63},[49,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114811,15088],{"class":55},[49,114813,91],{"class":63},[49,114815,29887],{"class":94},[49,114817,2418],{"class":63},[49,114819,1569],{"class":67},[49,114821,3319],{"class":63},[49,114823,114824],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114825,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114827,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114829,105],{"class":104},[49,114831,108],{"class":63},[49,114833,15088],{"class":94},[49,114835,272],{"class":63},[49,114837,114838],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114839,114840],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114842,45337,114843,91],{},[308,114844,25102,114845],{"href":52025},[15,114846,114847],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[528,114849,114851],{"id":114850},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114853,114854],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[40,114856,114858],{"className":42,"code":114857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114859,114860,114876,114902,114906,114916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114861,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114863,15050],{"class":55},[49,114865,60],{"class":59},[49,114867,9923],{"class":63},[49,114869,68],{"class":67},[49,114871,71],{"class":63},[49,114873,74],{"class":67},[49,114875,8741],{"class":63},[49,114877,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114879,15088],{"class":55},[49,114881,91],{"class":63},[49,114883,29887],{"class":94},[49,114885,2418],{"class":63},[49,114887,1488],{"class":67},[49,114889,71],{"class":63},[49,114891,74],{"class":67},[49,114893,71],{"class":63},[49,114895,74],{"class":67},[49,114897,71],{"class":63},[49,114899,79],{"class":67},[49,114901,3319],{"class":63},[49,114903,114904],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114905,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114909,105],{"class":104},[49,114911,108],{"class":63},[49,114913,15088],{"class":94},[49,114915,272],{"class":63},[49,114917,114918],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114919,114018],{"class":116},[528,114921,114923,114924,44053,114926,114928],{"id":114922},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,114925,14375],{},[15,114927,95490],{}," is better",[20,114930,114931,114932,114934],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,114933,95490],{}," is usually the better choice.",[40,114936,114938],{"className":42,"code":114937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114939,114940,114956,114974,114978,114988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114941,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114943,15050],{"class":55},[49,114945,60],{"class":59},[49,114947,9923],{"class":63},[49,114949,347],{"class":346},[49,114951,57409],{"class":350},[49,114953,347],{"class":346},[49,114955,8741],{"class":63},[49,114957,114958,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,114959,15088],{"class":55},[49,114961,91],{"class":63},[49,114963,81390],{"class":94},[49,114965,108],{"class":63},[49,114967,347],{"class":346},[49,114969,36470],{"class":350},[49,114971,347],{"class":346},[49,114973,272],{"class":63},[49,114975,114976],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,114977,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,114981,105],{"class":104},[49,114983,108],{"class":63},[49,114985,15088],{"class":94},[49,114987,272],{"class":63},[49,114989,114990],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,114991,114178],{"class":116},[35,114993,1253],{"id":1252},[528,114995,1257,114997,96580],{"id":114996},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,114998,96601],{},[20,115000,96583,115001,91],{},[15,115002,323],{},[528,115004,1296,115005,31649],{"id":31646},[15,115006,14375],{},[20,115008,115009],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[528,115011,1279,115013,618,115015,1284],{"id":115012},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115014,95490],{},[15,115016,14375],{},[20,115018,115019,115021,115022,115024],{},[15,115020,95490],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115023,14375],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[528,115026,115028],{"id":115027},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115030,115031,115032,114027],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115033,14375],{},[528,115035,115037],{"id":115036},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115039,120,115040,871,115042,91],{},[15,115041,102086],{},[15,115043,14375],{},[35,115045,1309],{"id":1308},[137,115047,115048,115055,115062,115068,115074],{},[140,115049,115050],{},[308,115051,115052],{"href":97787},[15,115053,115054],{},"Python set add() method",[140,115056,115057],{},[308,115058,115059],{"href":102083},[15,115060,115061],{},"Python set union() method",[140,115063,115064],{},[308,115065,115066],{"href":97170},[15,115067,96625],{},[140,115069,115070],{},[308,115071,115072],{"href":98364},[15,115073,99631],{},[140,115075,115076],{},[308,115077,115078,115080],{"href":52025},[15,115079,114847],{}," fix",[20,115082,115083,115084,115086,115087,115089],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115085,95495],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115088,107330],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1352,115091,115092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":115094},[115095,115096,115098,115099,115100,115101,115102,115103,115105,115110,115117,115126],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":113325,"depth":85,"text":115097},"What set.update() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":21391,"depth":85,"text":21392},{"id":113711,"depth":85,"text":113712},{"id":113814,"depth":85,"text":113815},{"id":114021,"depth":85,"text":114022},{"id":114181,"depth":85,"text":115104},"update() vs add()",{"id":114401,"depth":85,"text":115106,"children":115107},"update() vs union()",[115108,115109],{"id":29887,"depth":101,"text":14375},{"id":110556,"depth":101,"text":102086},{"id":114601,"depth":85,"text":114602,"children":115111},[115112,115113,115114,115115],{"id":114609,"depth":101,"text":114610},{"id":114739,"depth":101,"text":114740},{"id":114850,"depth":101,"text":114851},{"id":114922,"depth":101,"text":115116},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":115118},[115119,115121,115122,115124,115125],{"id":114996,"depth":101,"text":115120},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31646,"depth":101,"text":31719},{"id":115012,"depth":101,"text":115123},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115027,"depth":101,"text":115028},{"id":115036,"depth":101,"text":115037},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113237,"description":115127},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115133,"title":115134,"body":115135,"description":116901,"extension":1392,"meta":116902,"navigation":243,"path":13210,"seo":116903,"stem":116904,"__hash__":116905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115136,"toc":116876},[115137,115140,115143,115146,115157,115165,115168,115170,115319,115331,115335,115352,115356,115364,115366,115377,115379,115476,115482,115485,115581,115590,115595,115599,115604,115606,115616,115618,115727,115735,115739,115742,115745,115762,115768,115848,115851,115855,115858,115862,115865,115924,115927,115931,115934,116026,116030,116033,116140,116144,116150,116178,116180,116262,116272,116276,116279,116290,116293,116378,116381,116386,116390,116393,116404,116407,116549,116552,116556,116559,116573,116576,116637,116643,116645,116648,116670,116673,116773,116776,116808,116810,116814,116817,116819,116822,116826,116829,116833,116836,116840,116843,116845,116873],[10,115138,115134],{"id":115139},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115141,115142],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115144,115145],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[137,115147,115148,115151,115154],{},[140,115149,115150],{},"a list inside another list",[140,115152,115153],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[140,115155,115156],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115158,99553,115159,618,115161,115164],{},[30,115160,12269],{},[30,115162,115163],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115166,115167],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[35,115169,1434],{"id":1433},[40,115171,115173],{"className":42,"code":115172,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115174,115175,115182,115186,115212,115232,115252,115256,115274,115278,115291,115305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115176,115177,115179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115178,34512],{"class":3306},[49,115180,115181],{"class":55}," copy\n",[49,115183,115184],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115185,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115187,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115189,11509],{"class":55},[49,115191,60],{"class":59},[49,115193,55575],{"class":63},[49,115195,68],{"class":67},[49,115197,71],{"class":63},[49,115199,74],{"class":67},[49,115201,17484],{"class":63},[49,115203,64],{"class":63},[49,115205,1494],{"class":67},[49,115207,71],{"class":63},[49,115209,1888],{"class":67},[49,115211,52666],{"class":63},[49,115213,115214,115217,115219,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115215,115216],{"class":55},"shallow ",[49,115218,60],{"class":59},[49,115220,115221],{"class":55}," copy",[49,115223,91],{"class":63},[49,115225,12330],{"class":94},[49,115227,108],{"class":63},[49,115229,11556],{"class":94},[49,115231,272],{"class":63},[49,115233,115234,115237,115239,115241,115243,115246,115248,115250],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,115235,115236],{"class":55},"deep ",[49,115238,60],{"class":59},[49,115240,115221],{"class":55},[49,115242,91],{"class":63},[49,115244,115245],{"class":94},"deepcopy",[49,115247,108],{"class":63},[49,115249,11556],{"class":94},[49,115251,272],{"class":63},[49,115253,115254],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,115255,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,115259,11556],{"class":55},[49,115261,938],{"class":63},[49,115263,1552],{"class":67},[49,115265,12970],{"class":63},[49,115267,12973],{"class":94},[49,115269,108],{"class":63},[49,115271,55628],{"class":67},[49,115273,272],{"class":63},[49,115275,115276],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,115277,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115279,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,115281,105],{"class":104},[49,115283,108],{"class":63},[49,115285,11556],{"class":94},[49,115287,113],{"class":63},[49,115289,115290],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115292,115293,115295,115297,115300,115302],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,115294,105],{"class":104},[49,115296,108],{"class":63},[49,115298,115299],{"class":94},"shallow",[49,115301,113],{"class":63},[49,115303,115304],{"class":116},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115306,115307,115309,115311,115314,115316],{"class":51,"line":11019},[49,115308,105],{"class":104},[49,115310,108],{"class":63},[49,115312,115313],{"class":94},"deep",[49,115315,113],{"class":63},[49,115317,115318],{"class":116},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115320,120,115321,115324,115325,618,115327,115330],{},[15,115322,115323],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115326,12269],{},[15,115328,115329],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[35,115332,115334],{"id":115333},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[137,115336,115337,115340,115343,115346,115349],{},[140,115338,115339],{},"What a copy means in Python",[140,115341,115342],{},"How shallow copy works",[140,115344,115345],{},"How deep copy works",[140,115347,115348],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[140,115350,115351],{},"When to use each approach",[35,115353,115355],{"id":115354},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115357,14610,115358,115360,115361,115363],{},[30,115359,12269],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115362,329],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115365,1539],{},[137,115367,115368,115371,115374],{},[140,115369,115370],{},"the outer container is new",[140,115372,115373],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[140,115375,115376],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115378,761],{},[40,115380,115382],{"className":42,"code":115381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115383,115384,115410,115424,115428,115446,115450,115463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115387,11509],{"class":55},[49,115389,60],{"class":59},[49,115391,55575],{"class":63},[49,115393,68],{"class":67},[49,115395,71],{"class":63},[49,115397,74],{"class":67},[49,115399,17484],{"class":63},[49,115401,64],{"class":63},[49,115403,1494],{"class":67},[49,115405,71],{"class":63},[49,115407,1888],{"class":67},[49,115409,52666],{"class":63},[49,115411,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115413,13732],{"class":55},[49,115415,60],{"class":59},[49,115417,11584],{"class":55},[49,115419,91],{"class":63},[49,115421,12330],{"class":94},[49,115423,98],{"class":63},[49,115425,115426],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115427,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115431,13751],{"class":55},[49,115433,91],{"class":63},[49,115435,12973],{"class":94},[49,115437,2418],{"class":63},[49,115439,1569],{"class":67},[49,115441,71],{"class":63},[49,115443,37067],{"class":67},[49,115445,3319],{"class":63},[49,115447,115448],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,115449,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115451,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,115453,105],{"class":104},[49,115455,108],{"class":63},[49,115457,11556],{"class":94},[49,115459,113],{"class":63},[49,115461,115462],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115464,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,115466,105],{"class":104},[49,115468,108],{"class":63},[49,115470,13751],{"class":94},[49,115472,113],{"class":63},[49,115474,115475],{"class":116},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115477,115478,115479,115481],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115480,13751],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115483,115484],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[40,115486,115488],{"className":42,"code":115487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115489,115490,115516,115530,115534,115552,115556,115568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115491,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115493,11509],{"class":55},[49,115495,60],{"class":59},[49,115497,55575],{"class":63},[49,115499,68],{"class":67},[49,115501,71],{"class":63},[49,115503,74],{"class":67},[49,115505,17484],{"class":63},[49,115507,64],{"class":63},[49,115509,1494],{"class":67},[49,115511,71],{"class":63},[49,115513,1888],{"class":67},[49,115515,52666],{"class":63},[49,115517,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115519,13732],{"class":55},[49,115521,60],{"class":59},[49,115523,11584],{"class":55},[49,115525,91],{"class":63},[49,115527,12330],{"class":94},[49,115529,98],{"class":63},[49,115531,115532],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115533,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115535,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115537,13751],{"class":55},[49,115539,938],{"class":63},[49,115541,1552],{"class":67},[49,115543,12970],{"class":63},[49,115545,12973],{"class":94},[49,115547,108],{"class":63},[49,115549,55628],{"class":67},[49,115551,272],{"class":63},[49,115553,115554],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,115555,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115557,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,115559,105],{"class":104},[49,115561,108],{"class":63},[49,115563,11556],{"class":94},[49,115565,113],{"class":63},[49,115567,115290],{"class":116},[49,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,115571,105],{"class":104},[49,115573,108],{"class":63},[49,115575,13751],{"class":94},[49,115577,113],{"class":63},[49,115579,115580],{"class":116},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115582,115583,115584,618,115586,115589],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115585,55732],{},[15,115587,115588],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115591,115592,115593,91],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[308,115594,43359],{"href":11488},[35,115596,115598],{"id":115597},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115600,14610,115601,115603],{},[30,115602,115163],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115605,1539],{},[137,115607,115608,115610,115613],{},[140,115609,115370],{},[140,115611,115612],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[140,115614,115615],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115617,761],{},[40,115619,115621],{"className":42,"code":115620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115622,115623,115629,115633,115659,115677,115681,115699,115703,115715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115624,115625,115627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115626,34512],{"class":3306},[49,115628,115181],{"class":55},[49,115630,115631],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115632,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115636,11509],{"class":55},[49,115638,60],{"class":59},[49,115640,55575],{"class":63},[49,115642,68],{"class":67},[49,115644,71],{"class":63},[49,115646,74],{"class":67},[49,115648,17484],{"class":63},[49,115650,64],{"class":63},[49,115652,1494],{"class":67},[49,115654,71],{"class":63},[49,115656,1888],{"class":67},[49,115658,52666],{"class":63},[49,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115662,13732],{"class":55},[49,115664,60],{"class":59},[49,115666,115221],{"class":55},[49,115668,91],{"class":63},[49,115670,115245],{"class":94},[49,115672,108],{"class":63},[49,115674,11556],{"class":94},[49,115676,272],{"class":63},[49,115678,115679],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,115680,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,115684,13751],{"class":55},[49,115686,938],{"class":63},[49,115688,1552],{"class":67},[49,115690,12970],{"class":63},[49,115692,12973],{"class":94},[49,115694,108],{"class":63},[49,115696,55628],{"class":67},[49,115698,272],{"class":63},[49,115700,115701],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,115702,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115704,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,115706,105],{"class":104},[49,115708,108],{"class":63},[49,115710,11556],{"class":94},[49,115712,113],{"class":63},[49,115714,115462],{"class":116},[49,115716,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,115718,105],{"class":104},[49,115720,108],{"class":63},[49,115722,13751],{"class":94},[49,115724,113],{"class":63},[49,115726,115580],{"class":116},[20,115728,115729,115730,115732,115733,91],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115731,115588],{}," does not change ",[15,115734,55732],{},[35,115736,115738],{"id":115737},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115740,115741],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115743,115744],{},"Common reasons:",[137,115746,115747,115750,115753,115759],{},[140,115748,115749],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[140,115751,115752],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[140,115754,115755,115756,115758],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115757,60],{}," does not make a copy",[140,115760,115761],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115763,115764,115765,115767],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115766,329],{}," create a copy:",[40,115769,115771],{"className":42,"code":115770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115772,115773,115793,115801,115805,115819,115823,115835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115776,11509],{"class":55},[49,115778,60],{"class":59},[49,115780,64],{"class":63},[49,115782,68],{"class":67},[49,115784,71],{"class":63},[49,115786,74],{"class":67},[49,115788,71],{"class":63},[49,115790,79],{"class":67},[49,115792,82],{"class":63},[49,115794,115795,115797,115799],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115796,13732],{"class":55},[49,115798,60],{"class":59},[49,115800,11547],{"class":55},[49,115802,115803],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115804,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115806,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115808,13751],{"class":55},[49,115810,91],{"class":63},[49,115812,12973],{"class":94},[49,115814,108],{"class":63},[49,115816,1936],{"class":67},[49,115818,272],{"class":63},[49,115820,115821],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,115822,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,115826,105],{"class":104},[49,115828,108],{"class":63},[49,115830,11556],{"class":94},[49,115832,113],{"class":63},[49,115834,54982],{"class":116},[49,115836,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,115838,105],{"class":104},[49,115840,108],{"class":63},[49,115842,13751],{"class":94},[49,115844,113],{"class":63},[49,115846,115847],{"class":116},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115849,115850],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[35,115852,115854],{"id":115853},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115856,115857],{},"These three ideas are different.",[528,115859,115861],{"id":115860},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115863,115864],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[40,115866,115868],{"className":42,"code":115867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115869,115870,115896,115904,115908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115871,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115873,11509],{"class":55},[49,115875,60],{"class":59},[49,115877,55575],{"class":63},[49,115879,68],{"class":67},[49,115881,71],{"class":63},[49,115883,74],{"class":67},[49,115885,17484],{"class":63},[49,115887,64],{"class":63},[49,115889,1494],{"class":67},[49,115891,71],{"class":63},[49,115893,1888],{"class":67},[49,115895,52666],{"class":63},[49,115897,115898,115900,115902],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115899,13523],{"class":55},[49,115901,60],{"class":59},[49,115903,11547],{"class":55},[49,115905,115906],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115907,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115909,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115911,105],{"class":104},[49,115913,108],{"class":63},[49,115915,11509],{"class":94},[49,115917,11617],{"class":3306},[49,115919,13591],{"class":94},[49,115921,113],{"class":63},[49,115923,3095],{"class":116},[20,115925,115926],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[528,115928,115930],{"id":115929},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,115932,115933],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[40,115935,115937],{"className":42,"code":115936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,115938,115939,115965,115979,115983,116000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115940,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115942,11509],{"class":55},[49,115944,60],{"class":59},[49,115946,55575],{"class":63},[49,115948,68],{"class":67},[49,115950,71],{"class":63},[49,115952,74],{"class":67},[49,115954,17484],{"class":63},[49,115956,64],{"class":63},[49,115958,1494],{"class":67},[49,115960,71],{"class":63},[49,115962,1888],{"class":67},[49,115964,52666],{"class":63},[49,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,115968,115216],{"class":55},[49,115970,60],{"class":59},[49,115972,11584],{"class":55},[49,115974,91],{"class":63},[49,115976,12330],{"class":94},[49,115978,98],{"class":63},[49,115980,115981],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,115982,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115996,115998],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,115986,105],{"class":104},[49,115988,108],{"class":63},[49,115990,11509],{"class":94},[49,115992,11617],{"class":3306},[49,115994,115995],{"class":94}," shallow",[49,115997,113],{"class":63},[49,115999,20622],{"class":116},[49,116001,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116003,105],{"class":104},[49,116005,108],{"class":63},[49,116007,11556],{"class":94},[49,116009,938],{"class":63},[49,116011,1552],{"class":67},[49,116013,12693],{"class":63},[49,116015,7529],{"class":3306},[49,116017,115995],{"class":94},[49,116019,938],{"class":63},[49,116021,1552],{"class":67},[49,116023,19869],{"class":63},[49,116025,3095],{"class":116},[528,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116031,116032],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[40,116034,116036],{"className":42,"code":116035,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116037,116038,116044,116048,116074,116092,116096,116114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116039,116040,116042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116041,34512],{"class":3306},[49,116043,115181],{"class":55},[49,116045,116046],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116047,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116049,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116051,11509],{"class":55},[49,116053,60],{"class":59},[49,116055,55575],{"class":63},[49,116057,68],{"class":67},[49,116059,71],{"class":63},[49,116061,74],{"class":67},[49,116063,17484],{"class":63},[49,116065,64],{"class":63},[49,116067,1494],{"class":67},[49,116069,71],{"class":63},[49,116071,1888],{"class":67},[49,116073,52666],{"class":63},[49,116075,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116077,115236],{"class":55},[49,116079,60],{"class":59},[49,116081,115221],{"class":55},[49,116083,91],{"class":63},[49,116085,115245],{"class":94},[49,116087,108],{"class":63},[49,116089,11556],{"class":94},[49,116091,272],{"class":63},[49,116093,116094],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116095,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116097,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106,116109,116111],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,116099,105],{"class":104},[49,116101,108],{"class":63},[49,116103,11509],{"class":94},[49,116105,11617],{"class":3306},[49,116107,116108],{"class":94}," deep",[49,116110,113],{"class":63},[49,116112,116113],{"class":116},"         # False\n",[49,116115,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,116117,105],{"class":104},[49,116119,108],{"class":63},[49,116121,11556],{"class":94},[49,116123,938],{"class":63},[49,116125,1552],{"class":67},[49,116127,12693],{"class":63},[49,116129,7529],{"class":3306},[49,116131,116108],{"class":94},[49,116133,938],{"class":63},[49,116135,1552],{"class":67},[49,116137,19869],{"class":63},[49,116139,43295],{"class":116},[35,116141,116143],{"id":116142},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116145,116146,116147,135],{},"These all make ",[30,116148,116149],{},"shallow copies",[137,116151,116152,116156,116160,116165,116171],{},[140,116153,116154],{},[15,116155,54882],{},[140,116157,116158],{},[15,116159,11858],{},[140,116161,116162],{},[15,116163,116164],{},"set.copy()",[140,116166,116167,116168],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116169,116170],{},"my_list[:]",[140,116172,116173,116175,116176,34502],{},[15,116174,115323],{}," from the ",[15,116177,12330],{},[20,116179,1558],{},[40,116181,116183],{"className":42,"code":116182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116184,116185,116205,116209,116223,116234,116238,116250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116188,214],{"class":55},[49,116190,60],{"class":59},[49,116192,64],{"class":63},[49,116194,68],{"class":67},[49,116196,71],{"class":63},[49,116198,74],{"class":67},[49,116200,71],{"class":63},[49,116202,79],{"class":67},[49,116204,82],{"class":63},[49,116206,116207],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116208,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116210,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116212,543],{"class":55},[49,116214,60],{"class":59},[49,116216,3695],{"class":55},[49,116218,91],{"class":63},[49,116220,12330],{"class":94},[49,116222,98],{"class":63},[49,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116226,564],{"class":55},[49,116228,60],{"class":59},[49,116230,3695],{"class":55},[49,116232,116233],{"class":63},"[:]\n",[49,116235,116236],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116237,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,116241,105],{"class":104},[49,116243,108],{"class":63},[49,116245,308],{"class":94},[49,116247,113],{"class":63},[49,116249,702],{"class":116},[49,116251,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,116253,105],{"class":104},[49,116255,108],{"class":63},[49,116257,360],{"class":94},[49,116259,113],{"class":63},[49,116261,702],{"class":116},[20,116263,72424,116264,46958,116268,91],{},[308,116265,116266,736],{"href":731},[15,116267,54882],{},[308,116269,116270,736],{"href":11855},[15,116271,11858],{},[35,116273,116275],{"id":116274},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116277,116278],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[137,116280,116281,116284,116287],{},[140,116282,116283],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[140,116285,116286],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[140,116288,116289],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116291,116292],{},"Example with a flat list:",[40,116294,116296],{"className":42,"code":116295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116297,116298,116318,116332,116336,116350,116354,116366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116299,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116301,11509],{"class":55},[49,116303,60],{"class":59},[49,116305,64],{"class":63},[49,116307,68],{"class":67},[49,116309,71],{"class":63},[49,116311,74],{"class":67},[49,116313,71],{"class":63},[49,116315,79],{"class":67},[49,116317,82],{"class":63},[49,116319,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116321,13732],{"class":55},[49,116323,60],{"class":59},[49,116325,11584],{"class":55},[49,116327,91],{"class":63},[49,116329,12330],{"class":94},[49,116331,98],{"class":63},[49,116333,116334],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116335,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116337,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116339,13751],{"class":55},[49,116341,91],{"class":63},[49,116343,12973],{"class":94},[49,116345,108],{"class":63},[49,116347,1936],{"class":67},[49,116349,272],{"class":63},[49,116351,116352],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116353,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116355,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,116357,105],{"class":104},[49,116359,108],{"class":63},[49,116361,11556],{"class":94},[49,116363,113],{"class":63},[49,116365,702],{"class":116},[49,116367,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,116369,105],{"class":104},[49,116371,108],{"class":63},[49,116373,13751],{"class":94},[49,116375,113],{"class":63},[49,116377,115847],{"class":116},[20,116379,116380],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116382,116383,116384,91],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[308,116385,14309],{"href":56501},[35,116387,116389],{"id":116388},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116391,116392],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[137,116394,116395,116398,116401],{},[140,116396,116397],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[140,116399,116400],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[140,116402,116403],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116405,116406],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[40,116408,116410],{"className":42,"code":116409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116411,116412,116418,116422,116448,116462,116480,116484,116506,116510,116523,116536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116413,116414,116416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116415,34512],{"class":3306},[49,116417,115181],{"class":55},[49,116419,116420],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116421,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116425,11509],{"class":55},[49,116427,60],{"class":59},[49,116429,9923],{"class":63},[49,116431,347],{"class":346},[49,116433,15811],{"class":350},[49,116435,347],{"class":346},[49,116437,135],{"class":63},[49,116439,64],{"class":63},[49,116441,221],{"class":67},[49,116443,71],{"class":63},[49,116445,226],{"class":67},[49,116447,13126],{"class":63},[49,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116451,115216],{"class":55},[49,116453,60],{"class":59},[49,116455,11584],{"class":55},[49,116457,91],{"class":63},[49,116459,12330],{"class":94},[49,116461,98],{"class":63},[49,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116465,115236],{"class":55},[49,116467,60],{"class":59},[49,116469,115221],{"class":55},[49,116471,91],{"class":63},[49,116473,115245],{"class":94},[49,116475,108],{"class":63},[49,116477,11556],{"class":94},[49,116479,272],{"class":63},[49,116481,116482],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,116483,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,116487,11556],{"class":55},[49,116489,938],{"class":63},[49,116491,347],{"class":346},[49,116493,15811],{"class":350},[49,116495,347],{"class":346},[49,116497,12970],{"class":63},[49,116499,12973],{"class":94},[49,116501,108],{"class":63},[49,116503,36264],{"class":67},[49,116505,272],{"class":63},[49,116507,116508],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,116509,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116511,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,116513,105],{"class":104},[49,116515,108],{"class":63},[49,116517,11556],{"class":94},[49,116519,113],{"class":63},[49,116521,116522],{"class":116},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533],{"class":51,"line":5869},[49,116526,105],{"class":104},[49,116528,108],{"class":63},[49,116530,115299],{"class":94},[49,116532,113],{"class":63},[49,116534,116535],{"class":116},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,116537,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546],{"class":51,"line":11019},[49,116539,105],{"class":104},[49,116541,108],{"class":63},[49,116543,115313],{"class":94},[49,116545,113],{"class":63},[49,116547,116548],{"class":116},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116550,116551],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[35,116553,116555],{"id":116554},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116557,116558],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[137,116560,116561,116564,116567,116570],{},[140,116562,116563],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[140,116565,116566],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[140,116568,116569],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[140,116571,116572],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116574,116575],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[40,116577,116579],{"className":42,"code":116578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116580,116581,116589,116597,116601,116609,116613,116625],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116582,116583,116585,116587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116584,543],{"class":55},[49,116586,60],{"class":59},[49,116588,2017],{"class":67},[49,116590,116591,116593,116595],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116592,564],{"class":55},[49,116594,60],{"class":59},[49,116596,569],{"class":55},[49,116598,116599],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116600,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116602,116603,116605,116607],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116604,564],{"class":55},[49,116606,60],{"class":59},[49,116608,14035],{"class":67},[49,116610,116611],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116612,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116614,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,116616,105],{"class":104},[49,116618,108],{"class":63},[49,116620,308],{"class":94},[49,116622,113],{"class":63},[49,116624,26218],{"class":116},[49,116626,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,116628,105],{"class":104},[49,116630,108],{"class":63},[49,116632,360],{"class":94},[49,116634,113],{"class":63},[49,116636,27039],{"class":116},[20,116638,92795,116639,116642],{},[308,116640,116641],{"href":11488},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[35,116644,2261],{"id":2260},[20,116646,116647],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[137,116649,116650,116654,116659,116664,116667],{},[140,116651,1092,116652,56065],{},[15,116653,60],{},[140,116655,1092,116656,116658],{},[15,116657,54882],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[140,116660,1092,116661,116663],{},[15,116662,11858],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[140,116665,116666],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[140,116668,116669],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116671,116672],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[40,116674,116676],{"className":42,"code":116675,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116677,116678,116692,116706,116728,116759],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116681,105],{"class":104},[49,116683,108],{"class":63},[49,116685,11509],{"class":94},[49,116687,11617],{"class":3306},[49,116689,13805],{"class":94},[49,116691,272],{"class":63},[49,116693,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116695,105],{"class":104},[49,116697,108],{"class":63},[49,116699,11509],{"class":94},[49,116701,4119],{"class":59},[49,116703,13805],{"class":94},[49,116705,272],{"class":63},[49,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116709,105],{"class":104},[49,116711,108],{"class":63},[49,116713,1191],{"class":104},[49,116715,108],{"class":63},[49,116717,11556],{"class":94},[49,116719,8665],{"class":63},[49,116721,14237],{"class":104},[49,116723,108],{"class":63},[49,116725,13751],{"class":94},[49,116727,1182],{"class":63},[49,116729,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116731,105],{"class":104},[49,116733,108],{"class":63},[49,116735,1191],{"class":104},[49,116737,108],{"class":63},[49,116739,11556],{"class":94},[49,116741,938],{"class":63},[49,116743,1552],{"class":67},[49,116745,116746],{"class":63},"]),",[49,116748,14237],{"class":104},[49,116750,108],{"class":63},[49,116752,13751],{"class":94},[49,116754,938],{"class":63},[49,116756,1552],{"class":67},[49,116758,2431],{"class":63},[49,116760,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116762,105],{"class":104},[49,116764,108],{"class":63},[49,116766,1175],{"class":1174},[49,116768,108],{"class":63},[49,116770,11556],{"class":94},[49,116772,1182],{"class":63},[20,116774,116775],{},"What they tell you:",[137,116777,116778,116783,116788,116793,116803],{},[140,116779,116780,116782],{},[15,116781,11617],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[140,116784,116785,116787],{},[15,116786,4119],{}," checks whether values are equal",[140,116789,116790,116792],{},[15,116791,42912],{}," shows the identity of an object",[140,116794,116795,116796,618,116799,116802],{},"comparing ",[15,116797,116798],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116800,116801],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[140,116804,116805,116807],{},[15,116806,1734],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[35,116809,1253],{"id":1252},[528,116811,116813],{"id":116812},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116815,116816],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[528,116818,56551],{"id":56466},[20,116820,116821],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[528,116823,116825],{"id":116824},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116827,116828],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[528,116830,116832],{"id":116831},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116834,116835],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[528,116837,116839],{"id":116838},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116841,116842],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[35,116844,1309],{"id":1308},[137,116846,116847,116852,116858,116864,116868],{},[140,116848,116849],{},[308,116850,116851],{"href":11488},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[140,116853,116854],{},[308,116855,3010,116856,736],{"href":731},[15,116857,54882],{},[140,116859,116860],{},[308,116861,3010,116862,736],{"href":11855},[15,116863,11858],{},[140,116865,116866],{},[308,116867,14386],{"href":56501},[140,116869,116870],{},[308,116871,116872],{"href":57776},"What is a list in Python?",[1352,116874,116875],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":116877},[116878,116879,116880,116881,116882,116883,116888,116889,116890,116891,116892,116893,116900],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":115333,"depth":85,"text":115334},{"id":115354,"depth":85,"text":115355},{"id":115597,"depth":85,"text":115598},{"id":115737,"depth":85,"text":115738},{"id":115853,"depth":85,"text":115854,"children":116884},[116885,116886,116887],{"id":115860,"depth":101,"text":115861},{"id":115929,"depth":101,"text":115930},{"id":116028,"depth":101,"text":116029},{"id":116142,"depth":85,"text":116143},{"id":116274,"depth":85,"text":116275},{"id":116388,"depth":85,"text":116389},{"id":116554,"depth":85,"text":116555},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":116894},[116895,116896,116897,116898,116899],{"id":116812,"depth":101,"text":116813},{"id":56466,"depth":101,"text":56551},{"id":116824,"depth":101,"text":116825},{"id":116831,"depth":101,"text":116832},{"id":116838,"depth":101,"text":116839},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115134,"description":116901},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116907,"title":116908,"body":116909,"description":118766,"extension":1392,"meta":118767,"navigation":243,"path":118768,"seo":118769,"stem":118770,"__hash__":118771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116910,"toc":118724},[116911,116916,116921,116929,116931,116999,117004,117009,117024,117027,117029,117060,117062,117082,117085,117100,117102,117105,117178,117180,117225,117227,117238,117243,117247,117252,117255,117294,117296,117316,117319,117376,117378,117413,117416,117455,117457,117477,117480,117511,117513,117569,117571,117576,117647,117649,117682,117687,117692,117757,117759,117796,117799,117876,117878,117938,117945,117950,117953,117956,118037,118039,118080,118085,118088,118166,118168,118201,118210,118217,118220,118231,118234,118245,118249,118257,118266,118270,118275,118279,118284,118327,118330,118336,118339,118341,118388,118393,118397,118400,118449,118451,118472,118475,118477,118502,118505,118626,118631,118633,118638,118641,118646,118649,118657,118662,118669,118672,118680,118683,118685,118721],[10,116912,3010,116914,3014],{"id":116913},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116915,73708],{},[20,116917,116918,116920],{},[15,116919,73708],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,116922,116923,116924,1622,116926,116928],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,116925,77151],{},[15,116927,73708],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[35,116930,38],{"id":37},[40,116932,116934],{"className":42,"code":116933,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,116935,116936,116956,116970,116974,116986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116939,214],{"class":55},[49,116941,60],{"class":59},[49,116943,64],{"class":63},[49,116945,1494],{"class":67},[49,116947,71],{"class":63},[49,116949,4930],{"class":67},[49,116951,71],{"class":63},[49,116953,74],{"class":67},[49,116955,82],{"class":63},[49,116957,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,116959,382],{"class":55},[49,116961,60],{"class":59},[49,116963,73842],{"class":104},[49,116965,108],{"class":63},[49,116967,249],{"class":94},[49,116969,272],{"class":63},[49,116971,116972],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,116973,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,116975,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,116977,105],{"class":104},[49,116979,108],{"class":63},[49,116981,420],{"class":94},[49,116983,113],{"class":63},[49,116985,54969],{"class":116},[49,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,116989,105],{"class":104},[49,116991,108],{"class":63},[49,116993,249],{"class":94},[49,116995,113],{"class":63},[49,116997,116998],{"class":116},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117000,117001,117003],{},[15,117002,73708],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[35,117005,127,117007,130],{"id":117006},"what-sorted-does",[15,117008,73708],{},[137,117010,117011,117015,117018,117021],{},[140,117012,117013,62209],{},[15,117014,73708],{},[140,117016,117017],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[140,117019,117020],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[140,117022,117023],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117025,117026],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[35,117028,164],{"id":163},[40,117030,117032],{"className":42,"code":117031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117033,117034],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117037,73798],{"class":104},[49,117039,108],{"class":63},[49,117041,3151],{"class":94},[49,117043,71],{"class":63},[49,117045,21001],{"class":8607},[49,117047,60],{"class":59},[49,117049,323],{"class":3281},[49,117051,71],{"class":63},[49,117053,77354],{"class":8607},[49,117055,60],{"class":59},[49,117057,3105],{"class":3281},[49,117059,272],{"class":63},[528,117061,16818],{"id":16817},[137,117063,117064,117069,117074],{},[140,117065,117066,117068],{},[15,117067,3151],{},": the values to sort",[140,117070,117071,117073],{},[15,117072,14262],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[140,117075,117076,117078,117079,117081],{},[15,117077,72861],{},": set to ",[15,117080,3039],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117083,117084],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[40,117086,117088],{"className":42,"code":117087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117089,117090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117093,73798],{"class":104},[49,117095,108],{"class":63},[49,117097,59590],{"class":94},[49,117099,272],{"class":63},[35,117101,201],{"id":200},[20,117103,117104],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[40,117106,117108],{"className":42,"code":117107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117109,117110,117134,117138,117153,117157,117168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117111,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117113,214],{"class":55},[49,117115,60],{"class":59},[49,117117,64],{"class":63},[49,117119,1569],{"class":67},[49,117121,71],{"class":63},[49,117123,74],{"class":67},[49,117125,71],{"class":63},[49,117127,5792],{"class":67},[49,117129,71],{"class":63},[49,117131,4930],{"class":67},[49,117133,82],{"class":63},[49,117135,117136],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117137,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,117139,117140,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,117141,117142],{"class":55},"sorted_numbers ",[49,117144,60],{"class":59},[49,117146,73842],{"class":104},[49,117148,108],{"class":63},[49,117150,249],{"class":94},[49,117152,272],{"class":63},[49,117154,117155],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,117156,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,117158,117159,117161,117163,117166],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,117160,105],{"class":104},[49,117162,108],{"class":63},[49,117164,117165],{"class":94},"sorted_numbers",[49,117167,272],{"class":63},[49,117169,117170,117172,117174,117176],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,117171,105],{"class":104},[49,117173,108],{"class":63},[49,117175,249],{"class":94},[49,117177,272],{"class":63},[20,117179,275],{},[40,117181,117183],{"className":42,"code":117182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117184,117185,117205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117188,938],{"class":63},[49,117190,68],{"class":67},[49,117192,71],{"class":63},[49,117194,74],{"class":67},[49,117196,71],{"class":63},[49,117198,4036],{"class":67},[49,117200,71],{"class":63},[49,117202,5792],{"class":67},[49,117204,82],{"class":63},[49,117206,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117208,938],{"class":63},[49,117210,1569],{"class":67},[49,117212,71],{"class":63},[49,117214,74],{"class":67},[49,117216,71],{"class":63},[49,117218,5792],{"class":67},[49,117220,71],{"class":63},[49,117222,4930],{"class":67},[49,117224,82],{"class":63},[20,117226,13183],{},[137,117228,117229,117234],{},[140,117230,117231,117233],{},[15,117232,117165],{}," is a new sorted list",[140,117235,117236,111770],{},[15,117237,249],{},[20,117239,117240,117241,91],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[308,117242,77661],{"href":77660},[35,117244,117246],{"id":117245},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117248,117249,117251],{},[15,117250,73708],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[528,117253,117254],{"id":7526},"List",[40,117256,117258],{"className":42,"code":117257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117259,117260,117280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117263,214],{"class":55},[49,117265,60],{"class":59},[49,117267,64],{"class":63},[49,117269,1494],{"class":67},[49,117271,71],{"class":63},[49,117273,4930],{"class":67},[49,117275,71],{"class":63},[49,117277,74],{"class":67},[49,117279,82],{"class":63},[49,117281,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117283,105],{"class":104},[49,117285,108],{"class":63},[49,117287,73798],{"class":104},[49,117289,108],{"class":63},[49,117291,249],{"class":94},[49,117293,1182],{"class":63},[20,117295,275],{},[40,117297,117298],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117299,117300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117301,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117303,938],{"class":63},[49,117305,68],{"class":67},[49,117307,71],{"class":63},[49,117309,74],{"class":67},[49,117311,71],{"class":63},[49,117313,79],{"class":67},[49,117315,82],{"class":63},[528,117317,117318],{"id":48378},"Tuple",[40,117320,117322],{"className":42,"code":117321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117323,117324,117344,117358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117327,3252],{"class":55},[49,117329,60],{"class":59},[49,117331,8668],{"class":63},[49,117333,1494],{"class":67},[49,117335,71],{"class":63},[49,117337,4930],{"class":67},[49,117339,71],{"class":63},[49,117341,74],{"class":67},[49,117343,272],{"class":63},[49,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117347,105],{"class":104},[49,117349,108],{"class":63},[49,117351,73798],{"class":104},[49,117353,108],{"class":63},[49,117355,4790],{"class":94},[49,117357,1182],{"class":63},[49,117359,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,117361,105],{"class":104},[49,117363,108],{"class":63},[49,117365,1175],{"class":1174},[49,117367,108],{"class":63},[49,117369,73798],{"class":104},[49,117371,108],{"class":63},[49,117373,4790],{"class":94},[49,117375,2344],{"class":63},[20,117377,275],{},[40,117379,117381],{"className":42,"code":117380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117382,117383,117399],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117384,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117386,938],{"class":63},[49,117388,68],{"class":67},[49,117390,71],{"class":63},[49,117392,74],{"class":67},[49,117394,71],{"class":63},[49,117396,79],{"class":67},[49,117398,82],{"class":63},[49,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117402,2723],{"class":59},[49,117404,2726],{"class":1497},[49,117406,2729],{"class":346},[49,117408,7526],{"class":350},[49,117410,2734],{"class":346},[49,117412,2737],{"class":59},[528,117414,117415],{"id":5720},"Set",[40,117417,117419],{"className":42,"code":117418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117420,117421,117441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117424,3252],{"class":55},[49,117426,60],{"class":59},[49,117428,9923],{"class":63},[49,117430,1494],{"class":67},[49,117432,71],{"class":63},[49,117434,4930],{"class":67},[49,117436,71],{"class":63},[49,117438,74],{"class":67},[49,117440,8741],{"class":63},[49,117442,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117444,105],{"class":104},[49,117446,108],{"class":63},[49,117448,73798],{"class":104},[49,117450,108],{"class":63},[49,117452,4790],{"class":94},[49,117454,1182],{"class":63},[20,117456,275],{},[40,117458,117459],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117460,117461],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117464,938],{"class":63},[49,117466,68],{"class":67},[49,117468,71],{"class":63},[49,117470,74],{"class":67},[49,117472,71],{"class":63},[49,117474,79],{"class":67},[49,117476,82],{"class":63},[528,117478,117479],{"id":60457},"String",[40,117481,117483],{"className":42,"code":117482,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117484,117485,117497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117486,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117488,1114],{"class":55},[49,117490,60],{"class":59},[49,117492,357],{"class":346},[49,117494,44],{"class":350},[49,117496,1124],{"class":346},[49,117498,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117500,105],{"class":104},[49,117502,108],{"class":63},[49,117504,73798],{"class":104},[49,117506,108],{"class":63},[49,117508,1129],{"class":94},[49,117510,1182],{"class":63},[20,117512,275],{},[40,117514,117515],{"className":42,"code":78678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117516,117517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117518,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117520,938],{"class":63},[49,117522,2734],{"class":346},[49,117524,59721],{"class":350},[49,117526,2734],{"class":346},[49,117528,71],{"class":63},[49,117530,2729],{"class":346},[49,117532,75314],{"class":350},[49,117534,2734],{"class":346},[49,117536,71],{"class":63},[49,117538,2729],{"class":346},[49,117540,59756],{"class":350},[49,117542,2734],{"class":346},[49,117544,71],{"class":63},[49,117546,2729],{"class":346},[49,117548,20],{"class":350},[49,117550,2734],{"class":346},[49,117552,71],{"class":63},[49,117554,2729],{"class":346},[49,117556,62570],{"class":350},[49,117558,2734],{"class":346},[49,117560,71],{"class":63},[49,117562,2729],{"class":346},[49,117564,11169],{"class":350},[49,117566,2734],{"class":346},[49,117568,82],{"class":63},[528,117570,28646],{"id":15026},[20,117572,62823,117573,117575],{},[15,117574,73708],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[40,117577,117579],{"className":42,"code":117578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117580,117581,117633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117582,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117584,12624],{"class":55},[49,117586,60],{"class":59},[49,117588,9923],{"class":63},[49,117590,347],{"class":346},[49,117592,7103],{"class":350},[49,117594,347],{"class":346},[49,117596,135],{"class":63},[49,117598,357],{"class":346},[49,117600,12299],{"class":350},[49,117602,347],{"class":346},[49,117604,71],{"class":63},[49,117606,357],{"class":346},[49,117608,8731],{"class":350},[49,117610,347],{"class":346},[49,117612,135],{"class":63},[49,117614,226],{"class":67},[49,117616,71],{"class":63},[49,117618,357],{"class":346},[49,117620,9841],{"class":350},[49,117622,347],{"class":346},[49,117624,135],{"class":63},[49,117626,357],{"class":346},[49,117628,15453],{"class":350},[49,117630,347],{"class":346},[49,117632,8741],{"class":63},[49,117634,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117636,105],{"class":104},[49,117638,108],{"class":63},[49,117640,73798],{"class":104},[49,117642,108],{"class":63},[49,117644,16730],{"class":94},[49,117646,1182],{"class":63},[20,117648,275],{},[40,117650,117652],{"className":42,"code":117651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117653,117654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117655,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117657,938],{"class":63},[49,117659,2734],{"class":346},[49,117661,8731],{"class":350},[49,117663,2734],{"class":346},[49,117665,71],{"class":63},[49,117667,2729],{"class":346},[49,117669,9841],{"class":350},[49,117671,2734],{"class":346},[49,117673,71],{"class":63},[49,117675,2729],{"class":346},[49,117677,7103],{"class":350},[49,117679,2734],{"class":346},[49,117681,82],{"class":63},[35,117683,1092,117685],{"id":117684},"using-reversetrue",[15,117686,77375],{},[20,117688,120,117689,117691],{},[15,117690,77375],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[40,117693,117695],{"className":42,"code":117694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117696,117697,117717,117721,117735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117700,214],{"class":55},[49,117702,60],{"class":59},[49,117704,64],{"class":63},[49,117706,1494],{"class":67},[49,117708,71],{"class":63},[49,117710,4930],{"class":67},[49,117712,71],{"class":63},[49,117714,74],{"class":67},[49,117716,82],{"class":63},[49,117718,117719],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117720,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,117722,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,117724,105],{"class":104},[49,117726,108],{"class":63},[49,117728,73798],{"class":104},[49,117730,108],{"class":63},[49,117732,249],{"class":94},[49,117734,1182],{"class":63},[49,117736,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,117738,105],{"class":104},[49,117740,108],{"class":63},[49,117742,73798],{"class":104},[49,117744,108],{"class":63},[49,117746,249],{"class":94},[49,117748,71],{"class":63},[49,117750,77354],{"class":8607},[49,117752,60],{"class":59},[49,117754,3039],{"class":3281},[49,117756,1182],{"class":63},[20,117758,275],{},[40,117760,117762],{"className":42,"code":117761,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117763,117764,117780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117767,938],{"class":63},[49,117769,68],{"class":67},[49,117771,71],{"class":63},[49,117773,74],{"class":67},[49,117775,71],{"class":63},[49,117777,79],{"class":67},[49,117779,82],{"class":63},[49,117781,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117783,938],{"class":63},[49,117785,1494],{"class":67},[49,117787,71],{"class":63},[49,117789,74],{"class":67},[49,117791,71],{"class":63},[49,117793,4930],{"class":67},[49,117795,82],{"class":63},[20,117797,117798],{},"This also works with strings:",[40,117800,117802],{"className":42,"code":117801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117803,117804,117836,117840,117854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117805,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117807,3501],{"class":55},[49,117809,60],{"class":59},[49,117811,64],{"class":63},[49,117813,347],{"class":346},[49,117815,3510],{"class":350},[49,117817,347],{"class":346},[49,117819,71],{"class":63},[49,117821,357],{"class":346},[49,117823,3519],{"class":350},[49,117825,347],{"class":346},[49,117827,71],{"class":63},[49,117829,357],{"class":346},[49,117831,3528],{"class":350},[49,117833,347],{"class":346},[49,117835,82],{"class":63},[49,117837,117838],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117839,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,117843,105],{"class":104},[49,117845,108],{"class":63},[49,117847,73798],{"class":104},[49,117849,108],{"class":63},[49,117851,3545],{"class":94},[49,117853,1182],{"class":63},[49,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,117857,105],{"class":104},[49,117859,108],{"class":63},[49,117861,73798],{"class":104},[49,117863,108],{"class":63},[49,117865,3545],{"class":94},[49,117867,71],{"class":63},[49,117869,77354],{"class":8607},[49,117871,60],{"class":59},[49,117873,3039],{"class":3281},[49,117875,1182],{"class":63},[20,117877,275],{},[40,117879,117880],{"className":42,"code":73442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117881,117882,117910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117883,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117885,938],{"class":63},[49,117887,2734],{"class":346},[49,117889,3510],{"class":350},[49,117891,2734],{"class":346},[49,117893,71],{"class":63},[49,117895,2729],{"class":346},[49,117897,3519],{"class":350},[49,117899,2734],{"class":346},[49,117901,71],{"class":63},[49,117903,2729],{"class":346},[49,117905,3528],{"class":350},[49,117907,2734],{"class":346},[49,117909,82],{"class":63},[49,117911,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,117913,938],{"class":63},[49,117915,2734],{"class":346},[49,117917,3528],{"class":350},[49,117919,2734],{"class":346},[49,117921,71],{"class":63},[49,117923,2729],{"class":346},[49,117925,3519],{"class":350},[49,117927,2734],{"class":346},[49,117929,71],{"class":63},[49,117931,2729],{"class":346},[49,117933,3510],{"class":350},[49,117935,2734],{"class":346},[49,117937,82],{"class":63},[35,117939,1092,117941,117944],{"id":117940},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,117942,117943],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,117946,1409,117947,117949],{},[15,117948,117943],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,117951,117952],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,117954,117955],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[40,117957,117959],{"className":42,"code":117958,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,117960,117961,118001,118005,118027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117962,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117964,3501],{"class":55},[49,117966,60],{"class":59},[49,117968,64],{"class":63},[49,117970,347],{"class":346},[49,117972,78028],{"class":350},[49,117974,347],{"class":346},[49,117976,71],{"class":63},[49,117978,357],{"class":346},[49,117980,37781],{"class":350},[49,117982,347],{"class":346},[49,117984,71],{"class":63},[49,117986,357],{"class":346},[49,117988,3519],{"class":350},[49,117990,347],{"class":346},[49,117992,71],{"class":63},[49,117994,357],{"class":346},[49,117996,37764],{"class":350},[49,117998,347],{"class":346},[49,118000,82],{"class":63},[49,118002,118003],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118004,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,118008,382],{"class":55},[49,118010,60],{"class":59},[49,118012,73842],{"class":104},[49,118014,108],{"class":63},[49,118016,3545],{"class":94},[49,118018,71],{"class":63},[49,118020,21001],{"class":8607},[49,118022,60],{"class":59},[49,118024,10592],{"class":104},[49,118026,272],{"class":63},[49,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,118030,105],{"class":104},[49,118032,108],{"class":63},[49,118034,420],{"class":94},[49,118036,272],{"class":63},[20,118038,275],{},[40,118040,118042],{"className":42,"code":118041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118043,118044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118045,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118047,938],{"class":63},[49,118049,2734],{"class":346},[49,118051,37781],{"class":350},[49,118053,2734],{"class":346},[49,118055,71],{"class":63},[49,118057,2729],{"class":346},[49,118059,78028],{"class":350},[49,118061,2734],{"class":346},[49,118063,71],{"class":63},[49,118065,2729],{"class":346},[49,118067,37764],{"class":350},[49,118069,2734],{"class":346},[49,118071,71],{"class":63},[49,118073,2729],{"class":346},[49,118075,3519],{"class":350},[49,118077,2734],{"class":346},[49,118079,82],{"class":63},[20,118081,705,118082,118084],{},[15,118083,10592],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118086,118087],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[40,118089,118091],{"className":42,"code":118090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118092,118093,118126,118130,118156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118094,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118122,118124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118096,3501],{"class":55},[49,118098,60],{"class":59},[49,118100,64],{"class":63},[49,118102,347],{"class":346},[49,118104,82647],{"class":350},[49,118106,347],{"class":346},[49,118108,71],{"class":63},[49,118110,357],{"class":346},[49,118112,3510],{"class":350},[49,118114,347],{"class":346},[49,118116,71],{"class":63},[49,118118,357],{"class":346},[49,118120,118121],{"class":350},"Cherry",[49,118123,347],{"class":346},[49,118125,82],{"class":63},[49,118127,118128],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118129,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,118131,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,118133,382],{"class":55},[49,118135,60],{"class":59},[49,118137,73842],{"class":104},[49,118139,108],{"class":63},[49,118141,3545],{"class":94},[49,118143,71],{"class":63},[49,118145,21001],{"class":8607},[49,118147,60],{"class":59},[49,118149,2877],{"class":1174},[49,118151,91],{"class":63},[49,118153,8071],{"class":915},[49,118155,272],{"class":63},[49,118157,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,118159,105],{"class":104},[49,118161,108],{"class":63},[49,118163,420],{"class":94},[49,118165,272],{"class":63},[20,118167,275],{},[40,118169,118171],{"className":42,"code":118170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118172,118173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118174,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118176,938],{"class":63},[49,118178,2734],{"class":346},[49,118180,3510],{"class":350},[49,118182,2734],{"class":346},[49,118184,71],{"class":63},[49,118186,2729],{"class":346},[49,118188,82647],{"class":350},[49,118190,2734],{"class":346},[49,118192,71],{"class":63},[49,118194,2729],{"class":346},[49,118196,118121],{"class":350},[49,118198,2734],{"class":346},[49,118200,82],{"class":63},[20,118202,118203,118204,34751,118206,91],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118205,41784],{},[308,118207,3010,118208,2943],{"href":41781},[15,118209,41784],{},[35,118211,118213,10018,118215],{"id":118212},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118214,73708],{},[15,118216,77151],{},[20,118218,118219],{},"The main difference is this:",[137,118221,118222,118227],{},[140,118223,118224,118226],{},[15,118225,73708],{}," returns a new list",[140,118228,118229,73246],{},[15,118230,77151],{},[20,118232,118233],{},"Also:",[137,118235,118236,118241],{},[140,118237,118238,118240],{},[15,118239,73708],{}," works with many iterables",[140,118242,118243,78584],{},[15,118244,77151],{},[20,118246,120,118247,10033],{},[15,118248,73708],{},[137,118250,118251,118254],{},[140,118252,118253],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[140,118255,118256],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118258,118259,118260,91],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[308,118261,3010,118262,10018,118264,5216],{"href":78409},[15,118263,73708],{},[15,118265,77151],{},[35,118267,118269],{"id":118268},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118271,118272,118273,91],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118274,73708],{},[528,118276,118278],{"id":118277},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118280,118281,118282,135],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118283,2437],{},[40,118285,118287],{"className":42,"code":118286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118288,118289,118313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118290,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118292,3252],{"class":55},[49,118294,60],{"class":59},[49,118296,64],{"class":63},[49,118298,68],{"class":67},[49,118300,71],{"class":63},[49,118302,357],{"class":346},[49,118304,1488],{"class":350},[49,118306,347],{"class":346},[49,118308,71],{"class":63},[49,118310,79],{"class":67},[49,118312,82],{"class":63},[49,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118316,105],{"class":104},[49,118318,108],{"class":63},[49,118320,73798],{"class":104},[49,118322,108],{"class":63},[49,118324,4790],{"class":94},[49,118326,1182],{"class":63},[20,118328,118329],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[528,118331,118333,118334,1735],{"id":118332},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118335,14262],{},[20,118337,118338],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118340,761],{},[40,118342,118344],{"className":42,"code":118343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118345,118346,118366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118349,214],{"class":55},[49,118351,60],{"class":59},[49,118353,64],{"class":63},[49,118355,221],{"class":67},[49,118357,71],{"class":63},[49,118359,74],{"class":67},[49,118361,71],{"class":63},[49,118363,231],{"class":67},[49,118365,82],{"class":63},[49,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118369,105],{"class":104},[49,118371,108],{"class":63},[49,118373,73798],{"class":104},[49,118375,108],{"class":63},[49,118377,249],{"class":94},[49,118379,71],{"class":63},[49,118381,21001],{"class":8607},[49,118383,60],{"class":59},[49,118385,10592],{"class":104},[49,118387,1182],{"class":63},[20,118389,47935,118390,118392],{},[15,118391,41784],{}," does not work on integers.",[528,118394,118396],{"id":118395},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118398,118399],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,118401,118403],{"className":42,"code":118402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118404,118405,118425,118435,118439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118406,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118408,214],{"class":55},[49,118410,60],{"class":59},[49,118412,64],{"class":63},[49,118414,1494],{"class":67},[49,118416,71],{"class":63},[49,118418,4930],{"class":67},[49,118420,71],{"class":63},[49,118422,74],{"class":67},[49,118424,82],{"class":63},[49,118426,118427,118429,118431,118433],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118428,73798],{"class":104},[49,118430,108],{"class":63},[49,118432,249],{"class":94},[49,118434,272],{"class":63},[49,118436,118437],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,118438,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,118442,105],{"class":104},[49,118444,108],{"class":63},[49,118446,249],{"class":94},[49,118448,272],{"class":63},[20,118450,275],{},[40,118452,118454],{"className":42,"code":118453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118455,118456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118457,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118459,938],{"class":63},[49,118461,1494],{"class":67},[49,118463,71],{"class":63},[49,118465,4930],{"class":67},[49,118467,71],{"class":63},[49,118469,74],{"class":67},[49,118471,82],{"class":63},[20,118473,118474],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[35,118476,2261],{"id":2260},[137,118478,118479,118483,118486,118491,118495],{},[140,118480,4010,118481,73246],{},[15,118482,73708],{},[140,118484,118485],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[140,118487,4135,118488,118490],{},[15,118489,73708],{}," always returns a list",[140,118492,1092,118493,22526],{},[15,118494,117943],{},[140,118496,29073,118497,118499,118500],{},[15,118498,63595],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118501,73708],{},[20,118503,118504],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[40,118506,118508],{"className":42,"code":118507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118509,118510,118532,118558,118596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118513,105],{"class":104},[49,118515,108],{"class":63},[49,118517,73798],{"class":104},[49,118519,2418],{"class":63},[49,118521,1494],{"class":67},[49,118523,71],{"class":63},[49,118525,4930],{"class":67},[49,118527,71],{"class":63},[49,118529,74],{"class":67},[49,118531,2431],{"class":63},[49,118533,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118535,105],{"class":104},[49,118537,108],{"class":63},[49,118539,1175],{"class":1174},[49,118541,108],{"class":63},[49,118543,73798],{"class":104},[49,118545,4943],{"class":63},[49,118547,1494],{"class":67},[49,118549,71],{"class":63},[49,118551,4930],{"class":67},[49,118553,71],{"class":63},[49,118555,74],{"class":67},[49,118557,92651],{"class":63},[49,118559,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,118561,105],{"class":104},[49,118563,108],{"class":63},[49,118565,73798],{"class":104},[49,118567,2418],{"class":63},[49,118569,2734],{"class":346},[49,118571,82647],{"class":350},[49,118573,2734],{"class":346},[49,118575,71],{"class":63},[49,118577,2729],{"class":346},[49,118579,3510],{"class":350},[49,118581,2734],{"class":346},[49,118583,17484],{"class":63},[49,118585,21001],{"class":8607},[49,118587,60],{"class":59},[49,118589,2877],{"class":1174},[49,118591,91],{"class":63},[49,118593,8071],{"class":915},[49,118595,1182],{"class":63},[49,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,118599,105],{"class":104},[49,118601,108],{"class":63},[49,118603,73798],{"class":104},[49,118605,2418],{"class":63},[49,118607,1494],{"class":67},[49,118609,71],{"class":63},[49,118611,4930],{"class":67},[49,118613,71],{"class":63},[49,118615,74],{"class":67},[49,118617,17484],{"class":63},[49,118619,77354],{"class":8607},[49,118621,60],{"class":59},[49,118623,3039],{"class":3281},[49,118625,1182],{"class":63},[20,118627,118628,118629,91],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[308,118630,311],{"href":50404},[35,118632,1253],{"id":1252},[528,118634,1257,118636,56445],{"id":118635},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118637,73708],{},[20,118639,118640],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[528,118642,4573,118644,12137],{"id":118643},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118645,73708],{},[20,118647,118648],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[528,118650,118652,118653,871,118655,1284],{"id":118651},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118654,73708],{},[15,118656,77151],{},[20,118658,120,118659,118661],{},[15,118660,73708],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[528,118663,4573,118665,85735,118667,1284],{"id":118664},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118666,117943],{},[15,118668,73708],{},[20,118670,118671],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[528,118673,4589,118675,118677,118678,1284],{"id":118674},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118676,73708],{}," give a ",[15,118679,2437],{},[20,118681,118682],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[35,118684,1309],{"id":1308},[137,118686,118687,118691,118699,118703,118709,118715],{},[140,118688,118689],{},[308,118690,79157],{"href":77660},[140,118692,118693],{},[308,118694,3010,118695,10018,118697,5216],{"href":78409},[15,118696,73708],{},[15,118698,77151],{},[140,118700,118701],{},[308,118702,311],{"href":50404},[140,118704,118705],{},[308,118706,3010,118707,2943],{"href":41781},[15,118708,41784],{},[140,118710,118711],{},[308,118712,3010,118713,2943],{"href":91307},[15,118714,35171],{},[140,118716,118717],{},[308,118718,3010,118719,2943],{"href":35617},[15,118720,35620],{},[1352,118722,118723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":118725},[118726,118727,118729,118732,118733,118740,118742,118744,118746,118752,118753,118765],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":117006,"depth":85,"text":118728},"What sorted() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":118730},[118731],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":117245,"depth":85,"text":117246,"children":118734},[118735,118736,118737,118738,118739],{"id":7526,"depth":101,"text":117254},{"id":48378,"depth":101,"text":117318},{"id":5720,"depth":101,"text":117415},{"id":60457,"depth":101,"text":117479},{"id":15026,"depth":101,"text":28646},{"id":117684,"depth":85,"text":118741},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117940,"depth":85,"text":118743},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118212,"depth":85,"text":118745},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118268,"depth":85,"text":118269,"children":118747},[118748,118749,118751],{"id":118277,"depth":101,"text":118278},{"id":118332,"depth":101,"text":118750},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118395,"depth":101,"text":118396},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":118754},[118755,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"id":118635,"depth":101,"text":118756},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118643,"depth":101,"text":118758},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118651,"depth":101,"text":118760},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118664,"depth":101,"text":118762},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118674,"depth":101,"text":118764},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116908,"description":118766},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118773,"title":118774,"body":118775,"description":120886,"extension":1392,"meta":120887,"navigation":243,"path":78409,"seo":120888,"stem":120889,"__hash__":120890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118776,"toc":120833},[118777,118784,118787,118797,118803,118806,118824,118832,118834,118893,118901,118905,118927,118931,118935,118937,118954,118956,118968,118974,119058,119062,119109,119115,119122,119126,119131,119133,119145,119150,119203,119207,119227,119234,119241,119245,119248,119267,119271,119385,119389,119459,119461,119473,119478,119482,119495,119499,119574,119578,119617,119624,119630,119635,119639,119653,119657,119722,119726,119759,119762,119767,119775,119782,119795,119798,119802,119885,119889,119926,119930,120033,120037,120098,120103,120110,120114,120117,120123,120126,120193,120197,120221,120223,120241,120248,120301,120305,120325,120331,120333,120390,120397,120423,120428,120433,120441,120447,120507,120511,120558,120561,120563,120566,120592,120595,120688,120690,120710,120714,120717,120735,120741,120743,120751,120756,120763,120766,120772,120775,120781,120789,120797,120802,120804,120830],[10,118778,3010,118780,10018,118782,92365],{"id":118779},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118781,73708],{},[15,118783,77151],{},[20,118785,118786],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[137,118788,118789,118793],{},[140,118790,118791],{},[15,118792,73708],{},[140,118794,118795],{},[15,118796,77151],{},[20,118798,118799,118800,118802],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,118801,329],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118804,118805],{},"The main difference is simple:",[137,118807,118808,118816],{},[140,118809,120,118810,118812,118813],{},[15,118811,73708],{}," when you want a ",[30,118814,118815],{},"new sorted result",[140,118817,120,118818,118820,118821],{},[15,118819,77151],{}," when you want to ",[30,118822,118823],{},"change the original list",[20,118825,118826,118827,320,118829,118831],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118828,77151],{},[15,118830,323],{}," and causes confusion.",[35,118833,38],{"id":37},[40,118835,118837],{"className":42,"code":118836,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118838,118839,118859,118863,118880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118840,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118842,214],{"class":55},[49,118844,60],{"class":59},[49,118846,64],{"class":63},[49,118848,1494],{"class":67},[49,118850,71],{"class":63},[49,118852,4930],{"class":67},[49,118854,71],{"class":63},[49,118856,74],{"class":67},[49,118858,82],{"class":63},[49,118860,118861],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,118862,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,118864,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,118866,55171],{"class":55},[49,118868,60],{"class":59},[49,118870,73842],{"class":104},[49,118872,108],{"class":63},[49,118874,249],{"class":94},[49,118876,113],{"class":63},[49,118878,118879],{"class":116},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[49,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,118883,249],{"class":55},[49,118885,91],{"class":63},[49,118887,34220],{"class":94},[49,118889,6800],{"class":63},[49,118891,118892],{"class":116},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118894,120,118895,118897,118898,118900],{},[15,118896,73708],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118899,77151],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[35,118902,118904],{"id":118903},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[137,118906,118907,118912,118917,118924],{},[140,118908,120,118909,118911],{},[15,118910,73708],{}," to get a new sorted list",[140,118913,120,118914,118916],{},[15,118915,77151],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[140,118918,118919,118920,320,118922],{},"Understand why ",[15,118921,77151],{},[15,118923,323],{},[140,118925,118926],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[35,118928,127,118929,130],{"id":117006},[15,118930,73708],{},[20,118932,118933,62209],{},[15,118934,73708],{},[20,118936,48352],{},[137,118938,118939,118945,118951],{},[140,118940,118941,118942],{},"returns a ",[30,118943,118944],{},"new list",[140,118946,118947,118948,118950],{},"does ",[30,118949,329],{}," change the original data",[140,118952,118953],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,118955,50558],{},[137,118957,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966],{},[140,118959,4731],{},[140,118961,4734],{},[140,118963,4740],{},[140,118965,4737],{},[140,118967,35332],{},[528,118969,34499,118971,118973],{"id":118970},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,118972,73708],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[40,118975,118977],{"className":42,"code":118976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,118978,118979,118999,119003,119017,119021,119039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118980,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118982,214],{"class":55},[49,118984,60],{"class":59},[49,118986,64],{"class":63},[49,118988,1494],{"class":67},[49,118990,71],{"class":63},[49,118992,4930],{"class":67},[49,118994,71],{"class":63},[49,118996,74],{"class":67},[49,118998,82],{"class":63},[49,119000,119001],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119002,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119004,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119006,382],{"class":55},[49,119008,60],{"class":59},[49,119010,73842],{"class":104},[49,119012,108],{"class":63},[49,119014,249],{"class":94},[49,119016,272],{"class":63},[49,119018,119019],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119020,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119022,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119024,105],{"class":104},[49,119026,108],{"class":63},[49,119028,347],{"class":346},[49,119030,11577],{"class":350},[49,119032,347],{"class":346},[49,119034,71],{"class":63},[49,119036,3695],{"class":94},[49,119038,272],{"class":63},[49,119040,119041,119043,119045,119047,119050,119052,119054,119056],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,119042,105],{"class":104},[49,119044,108],{"class":63},[49,119046,347],{"class":346},[49,119048,119049],{"class":350},"sorted result:",[49,119051,347],{"class":346},[49,119053,71],{"class":63},[49,119055,80501],{"class":94},[49,119057,272],{"class":63},[20,119059,119060],{},[30,119061,275],{},[40,119063,119065],{"className":42,"code":119064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119066,119067,119087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119068,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119070,11556],{"class":55},[49,119072,135],{"class":63},[49,119074,64],{"class":63},[49,119076,1494],{"class":67},[49,119078,71],{"class":63},[49,119080,4930],{"class":67},[49,119082,71],{"class":63},[49,119084,74],{"class":67},[49,119086,82],{"class":63},[49,119088,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119090,73798],{"class":104},[49,119092,80501],{"class":55},[49,119094,135],{"class":63},[49,119096,64],{"class":63},[49,119098,68],{"class":67},[49,119100,71],{"class":63},[49,119102,74],{"class":67},[49,119104,71],{"class":63},[49,119106,79],{"class":67},[49,119108,82],{"class":63},[20,119110,119111,119112,119114],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119113,249],{}," stays the same.",[20,119116,119117,119118,91],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[308,119119,3010,119120,2943],{"href":73805},[15,119121,73708],{},[35,119123,127,119124,130],{"id":77217},[15,119125,77151],{},[20,119127,119128,119130],{},[15,119129,63595],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119132,48352],{},[137,119134,119135,119138,119141],{},[140,119136,119137],{},"changes the original list directly",[140,119139,119140],{},"only works on lists",[140,119142,3122,119143],{},[15,119144,323],{},[528,119146,34499,119148,73246],{"id":119147},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119149,77151],{},[40,119151,119153],{"className":42,"code":119152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119154,119155,119175,119179,119189,119193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119156,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119158,214],{"class":55},[49,119160,60],{"class":59},[49,119162,64],{"class":63},[49,119164,1494],{"class":67},[49,119166,71],{"class":63},[49,119168,4930],{"class":67},[49,119170,71],{"class":63},[49,119172,74],{"class":67},[49,119174,82],{"class":63},[49,119176,119177],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119178,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119180,119181,119183,119185,119187],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119182,249],{"class":55},[49,119184,91],{"class":63},[49,119186,34220],{"class":94},[49,119188,98],{"class":63},[49,119190,119191],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119192,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119194,119195,119197,119199,119201],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119196,105],{"class":104},[49,119198,108],{"class":63},[49,119200,249],{"class":94},[49,119202,272],{"class":63},[20,119204,119205],{},[30,119206,275],{},[40,119208,119209],{"className":42,"code":931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,119210,119211],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119212,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119214,938],{"class":63},[49,119216,68],{"class":67},[49,119218,71],{"class":63},[49,119220,74],{"class":67},[49,119222,71],{"class":63},[49,119224,79],{"class":67},[49,119226,82],{"class":63},[20,119228,119229,119230,119233],{},"After calling ",[15,119231,119232],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119235,119236,119237,91],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[308,119238,3010,119239,736],{"href":74059},[15,119240,77151],{},[35,119242,119244],{"id":119243},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119246,119247],{},"Here is the core difference:",[137,119249,119250,119259],{},[140,119251,119252,119255,119256],{},[15,119253,119254],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119257,119258],{},"new sorted list",[140,119260,119261,119264,119265,73616],{},[15,119262,119263],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119266,177],{},[528,119268,119270],{"id":119269},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[40,119272,119274],{"className":42,"code":119273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119275,119276,119296,119300,119314,119333,119352,119356,119366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119277,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119279,214],{"class":55},[49,119281,60],{"class":59},[49,119283,64],{"class":63},[49,119285,1569],{"class":67},[49,119287,71],{"class":63},[49,119289,74],{"class":67},[49,119291,71],{"class":63},[49,119293,1888],{"class":67},[49,119295,82],{"class":63},[49,119297,119298],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119299,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119301,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119303,543],{"class":55},[49,119305,60],{"class":59},[49,119307,73842],{"class":104},[49,119309,108],{"class":63},[49,119311,249],{"class":94},[49,119313,272],{"class":63},[49,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322,119325,119327,119329,119331],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119317,105],{"class":104},[49,119319,108],{"class":63},[49,119321,347],{"class":346},[49,119323,119324],{"class":350},"numbers after sorted():",[49,119326,347],{"class":346},[49,119328,71],{"class":63},[49,119330,3695],{"class":94},[49,119332,272],{"class":63},[49,119334,119335,119337,119339,119341,119344,119346,119348,119350],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119336,105],{"class":104},[49,119338,108],{"class":63},[49,119340,347],{"class":346},[49,119342,119343],{"class":350},"a:",[49,119345,347],{"class":346},[49,119347,71],{"class":63},[49,119349,56169],{"class":94},[49,119351,272],{"class":63},[49,119353,119354],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,119355,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119357,119358,119360,119362,119364],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,119359,249],{"class":55},[49,119361,91],{"class":63},[49,119363,34220],{"class":94},[49,119365,98],{"class":63},[49,119367,119368,119370,119372,119374,119377,119379,119381,119383],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,119369,105],{"class":104},[49,119371,108],{"class":63},[49,119373,347],{"class":346},[49,119375,119376],{"class":350},"numbers after sort():",[49,119378,347],{"class":346},[49,119380,71],{"class":63},[49,119382,3695],{"class":94},[49,119384,272],{"class":63},[20,119386,119387],{},[30,119388,275],{},[40,119390,119392],{"className":42,"code":119391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119393,119394,119417,119437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119395,119396,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119397,119398],{"class":55},"numbers after ",[49,119400,73798],{"class":104},[49,119402,29007],{"class":63},[49,119404,64],{"class":63},[49,119406,1569],{"class":67},[49,119408,71],{"class":63},[49,119410,74],{"class":67},[49,119412,71],{"class":63},[49,119414,1888],{"class":67},[49,119416,82],{"class":63},[49,119418,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119420,308],{"class":55},[49,119422,135],{"class":63},[49,119424,64],{"class":63},[49,119426,1488],{"class":67},[49,119428,71],{"class":63},[49,119430,1888],{"class":67},[49,119432,71],{"class":63},[49,119434,4036],{"class":67},[49,119436,82],{"class":63},[49,119438,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119440,119398],{"class":55},[49,119442,34220],{"class":94},[49,119444,29007],{"class":63},[49,119446,64],{"class":63},[49,119448,1488],{"class":67},[49,119450,71],{"class":63},[49,119452,1888],{"class":67},[49,119454,71],{"class":63},[49,119456,4036],{"class":67},[49,119458,82],{"class":63},[20,119460,10145],{},[137,119462,119463,119468],{},[140,119464,119465,119467],{},[15,119466,73708],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[140,119469,119470,119472],{},[15,119471,63595],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[35,119474,740,119476],{"id":119475},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119477,73708],{},[20,119479,120,119480,10033],{},[15,119481,73708],{},[137,119483,119484,119487,119489,119492],{},[140,119485,119486],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[140,119488,118256],{},[140,119490,119491],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[140,119493,119494],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[528,119496,119498],{"id":119497},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[40,119500,119502],{"className":42,"code":119501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119503,119504,119528,119532,119546,119550,119560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119505,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119507,214],{"class":55},[49,119509,60],{"class":59},[49,119511,8668],{"class":63},[49,119513,1936],{"class":67},[49,119515,71],{"class":63},[49,119517,4930],{"class":67},[49,119519,71],{"class":63},[49,119521,79],{"class":67},[49,119523,71],{"class":63},[49,119525,74],{"class":67},[49,119527,272],{"class":63},[49,119529,119530],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119531,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119533,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119535,382],{"class":55},[49,119537,60],{"class":59},[49,119539,73842],{"class":104},[49,119541,108],{"class":63},[49,119543,249],{"class":94},[49,119545,272],{"class":63},[49,119547,119548],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119549,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119551,119552,119554,119556,119558],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119553,105],{"class":104},[49,119555,108],{"class":63},[49,119557,420],{"class":94},[49,119559,272],{"class":63},[49,119561,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,119563,105],{"class":104},[49,119565,108],{"class":63},[49,119567,1175],{"class":1174},[49,119569,108],{"class":63},[49,119571,420],{"class":94},[49,119573,1182],{"class":63},[20,119575,119576],{},[30,119577,275],{},[40,119579,119581],{"className":42,"code":119580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119582,119583,119603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119584,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119586,938],{"class":63},[49,119588,68],{"class":67},[49,119590,71],{"class":63},[49,119592,74],{"class":67},[49,119594,71],{"class":63},[49,119596,79],{"class":67},[49,119598,71],{"class":63},[49,119600,1888],{"class":67},[49,119602,82],{"class":63},[49,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119606,2723],{"class":59},[49,119608,2726],{"class":1497},[49,119610,2729],{"class":346},[49,119612,7526],{"class":350},[49,119614,2734],{"class":346},[49,119616,2737],{"class":59},[20,119618,1718,119619,119621,119622,91],{},[15,119620,73708],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119623,7526],{},[20,119625,119626,119627,119629],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[308,119628,311],{"href":50404}," is a helpful next step.",[35,119631,740,119633],{"id":119632},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119634,77151],{},[20,119636,120,119637,10033],{},[15,119638,77151],{},[137,119640,119641,119644,119647,119650],{},[140,119642,119643],{},"you already have a list",[140,119645,119646],{},"you want to update that list directly",[140,119648,119649],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[140,119651,119652],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[528,119654,119656],{"id":119655},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[40,119658,119660],{"className":42,"code":119659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119661,119662,119694,119698,119708,119712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119663,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119665,4425],{"class":55},[49,119667,60],{"class":59},[49,119669,64],{"class":63},[49,119671,347],{"class":346},[49,119673,4452],{"class":350},[49,119675,347],{"class":346},[49,119677,71],{"class":63},[49,119679,357],{"class":346},[49,119681,4434],{"class":350},[49,119683,347],{"class":346},[49,119685,71],{"class":63},[49,119687,357],{"class":346},[49,119689,4443],{"class":350},[49,119691,347],{"class":346},[49,119693,82],{"class":63},[49,119695,119696],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119697,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119699,119700,119702,119704,119706],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119701,4469],{"class":55},[49,119703,91],{"class":63},[49,119705,34220],{"class":94},[49,119707,98],{"class":63},[49,119709,119710],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119711,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119713,119714,119716,119718,119720],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119715,105],{"class":104},[49,119717,108],{"class":63},[49,119719,4469],{"class":94},[49,119721,272],{"class":63},[20,119723,119724],{},[30,119725,275],{},[40,119727,119729],{"className":42,"code":119728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119730,119731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119734,938],{"class":63},[49,119736,2734],{"class":346},[49,119738,4434],{"class":350},[49,119740,2734],{"class":346},[49,119742,71],{"class":63},[49,119744,2729],{"class":346},[49,119746,4443],{"class":350},[49,119748,2734],{"class":346},[49,119750,71],{"class":63},[49,119752,2729],{"class":346},[49,119754,4452],{"class":350},[49,119756,2734],{"class":346},[49,119758,82],{"class":63},[20,119760,119761],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119763,119764,119765,91],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[308,119766,79157],{"href":77660},[35,119768,119770,618,119772,119774],{"id":119769},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119771,72861],{},[15,119773,14262],{}," work with both",[20,119776,615,119777,618,119779,119781],{},[15,119778,73708],{},[15,119780,77151],{}," support:",[137,119783,119784,119789],{},[140,119785,119786,119788],{},[15,119787,77375],{}," for descending order",[140,119790,119791,119794],{},[15,119792,119793],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119796,119797],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[528,119799,119801],{"id":119800},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[40,119803,119805],{"className":42,"code":119804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119806,119807,119827,119831,119853,119857,119875],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119808,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119810,214],{"class":55},[49,119812,60],{"class":59},[49,119814,64],{"class":63},[49,119816,1494],{"class":67},[49,119818,71],{"class":63},[49,119820,4930],{"class":67},[49,119822,71],{"class":63},[49,119824,74],{"class":67},[49,119826,82],{"class":63},[49,119828,119829],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119830,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119832,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119834,105],{"class":104},[49,119836,108],{"class":63},[49,119838,73798],{"class":104},[49,119840,108],{"class":63},[49,119842,249],{"class":94},[49,119844,71],{"class":63},[49,119846,77354],{"class":8607},[49,119848,60],{"class":59},[49,119850,3039],{"class":3281},[49,119852,1182],{"class":63},[49,119854,119855],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,119856,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119858,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,119860,249],{"class":55},[49,119862,91],{"class":63},[49,119864,34220],{"class":94},[49,119866,108],{"class":63},[49,119868,72861],{"class":8607},[49,119870,60],{"class":59},[49,119872,3039],{"class":3281},[49,119874,272],{"class":63},[49,119876,119877,119879,119881,119883],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,119878,105],{"class":104},[49,119880,108],{"class":63},[49,119882,249],{"class":94},[49,119884,272],{"class":63},[20,119886,119887],{},[30,119888,275],{},[40,119890,119892],{"className":42,"code":119891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119893,119894,119910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119895,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119897,938],{"class":63},[49,119899,1494],{"class":67},[49,119901,71],{"class":63},[49,119903,74],{"class":67},[49,119905,71],{"class":63},[49,119907,4930],{"class":67},[49,119909,82],{"class":63},[49,119911,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119913,938],{"class":63},[49,119915,1494],{"class":67},[49,119917,71],{"class":63},[49,119919,74],{"class":67},[49,119921,71],{"class":63},[49,119923,4930],{"class":67},[49,119925,82],{"class":63},[528,119927,119929],{"id":119928},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[40,119931,119933],{"className":42,"code":119932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,119934,119935,119967,119971,119997,120001,120023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119936,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119938,3501],{"class":55},[49,119940,60],{"class":59},[49,119942,64],{"class":63},[49,119944,347],{"class":346},[49,119946,82647],{"class":350},[49,119948,347],{"class":346},[49,119950,71],{"class":63},[49,119952,357],{"class":346},[49,119954,3510],{"class":350},[49,119956,347],{"class":346},[49,119958,71],{"class":63},[49,119960,357],{"class":346},[49,119962,118121],{"class":350},[49,119964,347],{"class":346},[49,119966,82],{"class":63},[49,119968,119969],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,119970,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,119974,105],{"class":104},[49,119976,108],{"class":63},[49,119978,73798],{"class":104},[49,119980,108],{"class":63},[49,119982,3545],{"class":94},[49,119984,71],{"class":63},[49,119986,21001],{"class":8607},[49,119988,60],{"class":59},[49,119990,2877],{"class":1174},[49,119992,91],{"class":63},[49,119994,8071],{"class":915},[49,119996,1182],{"class":63},[49,119998,119999],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120000,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120004,3545],{"class":55},[49,120006,91],{"class":63},[49,120008,34220],{"class":94},[49,120010,108],{"class":63},[49,120012,14262],{"class":8607},[49,120014,60],{"class":59},[49,120016,2877],{"class":1174},[49,120018,91],{"class":63},[49,120020,8071],{"class":915},[49,120022,272],{"class":63},[49,120024,120025,120027,120029,120031],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,120026,105],{"class":104},[49,120028,108],{"class":63},[49,120030,3545],{"class":94},[49,120032,272],{"class":63},[20,120034,120035],{},[30,120036,275],{},[40,120038,120040],{"className":42,"code":120039,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120041,120042,120070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120045,938],{"class":63},[49,120047,2734],{"class":346},[49,120049,3510],{"class":350},[49,120051,2734],{"class":346},[49,120053,71],{"class":63},[49,120055,2729],{"class":346},[49,120057,82647],{"class":350},[49,120059,2734],{"class":346},[49,120061,71],{"class":63},[49,120063,2729],{"class":346},[49,120065,118121],{"class":350},[49,120067,2734],{"class":346},[49,120069,82],{"class":63},[49,120071,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120073,938],{"class":63},[49,120075,2734],{"class":346},[49,120077,3510],{"class":350},[49,120079,2734],{"class":346},[49,120081,71],{"class":63},[49,120083,2729],{"class":346},[49,120085,82647],{"class":350},[49,120087,2734],{"class":346},[49,120089,71],{"class":63},[49,120091,2729],{"class":346},[49,120093,118121],{"class":350},[49,120095,2734],{"class":346},[49,120097,82],{"class":63},[20,120099,1092,120100,120102],{},[15,120101,77869],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120104,120105,120106,91],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[308,120107,120109],{"href":120108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[35,120111,120113],{"id":120112},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120115,120116],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[528,120118,120120,120121,12020],{"id":120119},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120122,77151],{},[20,120124,120125],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[40,120127,120129],{"className":42,"code":120128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120130,120131,120151,120155,120169,120173,120183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120134,214],{"class":55},[49,120136,60],{"class":59},[49,120138,64],{"class":63},[49,120140,1494],{"class":67},[49,120142,71],{"class":63},[49,120144,4930],{"class":67},[49,120146,71],{"class":63},[49,120148,74],{"class":67},[49,120150,82],{"class":63},[49,120152,120153],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120154,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120158,382],{"class":55},[49,120160,60],{"class":59},[49,120162,3695],{"class":55},[49,120164,91],{"class":63},[49,120166,34220],{"class":94},[49,120168,98],{"class":63},[49,120170,120171],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120172,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120174,120175,120177,120179,120181],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120176,105],{"class":104},[49,120178,108],{"class":63},[49,120180,420],{"class":94},[49,120182,272],{"class":63},[49,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,120186,105],{"class":104},[49,120188,108],{"class":63},[49,120190,249],{"class":94},[49,120192,272],{"class":63},[20,120194,120195],{},[30,120196,275],{},[40,120198,120199],{"className":42,"code":78492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120200,120201,120205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120202,120203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120204,11232],{"class":3281},[49,120206,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120208,938],{"class":63},[49,120210,68],{"class":67},[49,120212,71],{"class":63},[49,120214,74],{"class":67},[49,120216,71],{"class":63},[49,120218,79],{"class":67},[49,120220,82],{"class":63},[20,120222,11324],{},[137,120224,120225,120230,120235],{},[140,120226,120227,120229],{},[15,120228,119232],{}," sorts the list in place",[140,120231,34436,120232,120234],{},[30,120233,329],{}," return the sorted list",[140,120236,89271,120237,483,120239],{},[15,120238,420],{},[15,120240,323],{},[528,120242,120244,120245,120247],{"id":120243},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120246,73708],{}," to change the original list",[40,120249,120251],{"className":42,"code":120250,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120252,120253,120273,120277,120287,120291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120256,214],{"class":55},[49,120258,60],{"class":59},[49,120260,64],{"class":63},[49,120262,1494],{"class":67},[49,120264,71],{"class":63},[49,120266,4930],{"class":67},[49,120268,71],{"class":63},[49,120270,74],{"class":67},[49,120272,82],{"class":63},[49,120274,120275],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120276,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120280,73798],{"class":104},[49,120282,108],{"class":63},[49,120284,249],{"class":94},[49,120286,272],{"class":63},[49,120288,120289],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120290,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120294,105],{"class":104},[49,120296,108],{"class":63},[49,120298,249],{"class":94},[49,120300,272],{"class":63},[20,120302,120303],{},[30,120304,275],{},[40,120306,120307],{"className":42,"code":118453,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120308,120309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120310,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120312,938],{"class":63},[49,120314,1494],{"class":67},[49,120316,71],{"class":63},[49,120318,4930],{"class":67},[49,120320,71],{"class":63},[49,120322,74],{"class":67},[49,120324,82],{"class":63},[20,120326,120327,120330],{},[15,120328,120329],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120332,956],{},[40,120334,120336],{"className":42,"code":120335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120337,120338,120358,120362,120376,120380],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120339,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120341,214],{"class":55},[49,120343,60],{"class":59},[49,120345,64],{"class":63},[49,120347,1494],{"class":67},[49,120349,71],{"class":63},[49,120351,4930],{"class":67},[49,120353,71],{"class":63},[49,120355,74],{"class":67},[49,120357,82],{"class":63},[49,120359,120360],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120361,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120363,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120365,54923],{"class":55},[49,120367,60],{"class":59},[49,120369,73842],{"class":104},[49,120371,108],{"class":63},[49,120373,249],{"class":94},[49,120375,272],{"class":63},[49,120377,120378],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120379,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120381,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120383,105],{"class":104},[49,120385,108],{"class":63},[49,120387,54942],{"class":94},[49,120389,272],{"class":63},[528,120391,120393,120394,120396],{"id":120392},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120395,63595],{}," on a tuple or string",[40,120398,120399],{"className":42,"code":78594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120400,120401,120413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120402,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120404,1114],{"class":55},[49,120406,60],{"class":59},[49,120408,357],{"class":346},[49,120410,44],{"class":350},[49,120412,1124],{"class":346},[49,120414,120415,120417,120419,120421],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120416,1129],{"class":55},[49,120418,91],{"class":63},[49,120420,34220],{"class":94},[49,120422,98],{"class":63},[20,120424,120425,120426,1141],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120427,63595],{},[20,120429,120430,120432],{},[15,120431,63595],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120434,120435,120436,120438,120439,91],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120437,73708],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[308,120440,4567],{"href":5019},[528,120442,120444,120445,118490],{"id":120443},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120446,73708],{},[40,120448,120450],{"className":42,"code":120449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120451,120452,120465,120479,120483,120493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120453,120454,120456,120458,120460,120463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120455,1114],{"class":55},[49,120457,60],{"class":59},[49,120459,357],{"class":346},[49,120461,120462],{"class":350},"cab",[49,120464,1124],{"class":346},[49,120466,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120468,382],{"class":55},[49,120470,60],{"class":59},[49,120472,73842],{"class":104},[49,120474,108],{"class":63},[49,120476,1129],{"class":94},[49,120478,272],{"class":63},[49,120480,120481],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120482,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120486,105],{"class":104},[49,120488,108],{"class":63},[49,120490,420],{"class":94},[49,120492,272],{"class":63},[49,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120496,105],{"class":104},[49,120498,108],{"class":63},[49,120500,1175],{"class":1174},[49,120502,108],{"class":63},[49,120504,420],{"class":94},[49,120506,1182],{"class":63},[20,120508,120509],{},[30,120510,275],{},[40,120512,120514],{"className":42,"code":120513,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120515,120516,120544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120517,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120519,938],{"class":63},[49,120521,2734],{"class":346},[49,120523,308],{"class":350},[49,120525,2734],{"class":346},[49,120527,71],{"class":63},[49,120529,2729],{"class":346},[49,120531,360],{"class":350},[49,120533,2734],{"class":346},[49,120535,71],{"class":63},[49,120537,2729],{"class":346},[49,120539,369],{"class":350},[49,120541,2734],{"class":346},[49,120543,82],{"class":63},[49,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120547,2723],{"class":59},[49,120549,2726],{"class":1497},[49,120551,2729],{"class":346},[49,120553,7526],{"class":350},[49,120555,2734],{"class":346},[49,120557,2737],{"class":59},[20,120559,120560],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[35,120562,113011],{"id":113010},[20,120564,120565],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[137,120567,120568,120571,120576,120581,120587],{},[140,120569,120570],{},"confusing a function with a method",[140,120572,120573,120574,53068],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120575,63595],{},[140,120577,120578,120579,12020],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120580,77151],{},[140,120582,120583,120584,120586],{},"trying to use ",[15,120585,63595],{}," on non-list data types",[140,120588,49931,120589,120591],{},[15,120590,73708],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120593,120594],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,120596,120598],{"className":42,"code":120597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120599,120600,120610,120624,120649,120664,120674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120601,120602,120604,120606,120608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120603,105],{"class":104},[49,120605,108],{"class":63},[49,120607,177],{"class":94},[49,120609,272],{"class":63},[49,120611,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120613,105],{"class":104},[49,120615,108],{"class":63},[49,120617,73798],{"class":104},[49,120619,108],{"class":63},[49,120621,177],{"class":94},[49,120623,1182],{"class":63},[49,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120627,382],{"class":55},[49,120629,60],{"class":59},[49,120631,7827],{"class":55},[49,120633,91],{"class":63},[49,120635,34220],{"class":94},[49,120637,6800],{"class":63},[49,120639,120640],{"class":55},"; ",[49,120642,105],{"class":104},[49,120644,108],{"class":63},[49,120646,420],{"class":94},[49,120648,272],{"class":63},[49,120650,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120662],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120652,105],{"class":104},[49,120654,108],{"class":63},[49,120656,1175],{"class":1174},[49,120658,108],{"class":63},[49,120660,120661],{"class":94},"my_data",[49,120663,1182],{"class":63},[49,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120667,31575],{"class":104},[49,120669,108],{"class":63},[49,120671,73798],{"class":104},[49,120673,272],{"class":63},[49,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,120677,31575],{"class":104},[49,120679,108],{"class":63},[49,120681,7526],{"class":1174},[49,120683,91],{"class":63},[49,120685,34220],{"class":915},[49,120687,272],{"class":63},[20,120689,83657],{},[137,120691,120692,120695,120699,120707],{},[140,120693,120694],{},"whether your original list changed",[140,120696,25442,120697,11129],{},[15,120698,73708],{},[140,120700,120701,120702,120704,120705],{},"whether ",[15,120703,63595],{}," returned ",[15,120706,323],{},[140,120708,120709],{},"what type of object you are working with",[35,120711,120713],{"id":120712},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120715,120716],{},"Use this rule:",[137,120718,120719,120727],{},[140,120720,120721,120722,120724,120725],{},"Need a ",[30,120723,118815],{},": use ",[15,120726,73708],{},[140,120728,120729,120730,120724,120733],{},"Need to ",[30,120731,120732],{},"change one list directly",[15,120734,77151],{},[20,120736,120737,120738,120740],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120739,73708],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[35,120742,1253],{"id":1252},[528,120744,120746,120747,2310,120749,1284],{"id":120745},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120748,73708],{},[15,120750,77151],{},[20,120752,120753,120755],{},[15,120754,73708],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[528,120757,4589,120759,4592,120761,1284],{"id":120758},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120760,77151],{},[15,120762,323],{},[20,120764,120765],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[528,120767,4601,120769,120771],{"id":120768},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120770,73708],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120773,120774],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[528,120776,1296,120778,120780],{"id":120777},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120779,63595],{}," on a string?",[20,120782,45789,120783,120785,120786,39353],{},[15,120784,63595],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120787,120788],{},"sorted(string)",[528,120790,11243,120792,618,120794,120796],{"id":120791},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120793,73708],{},[15,120795,63595],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120798,120799,120800,91],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120801,77375],{},[35,120803,1309],{"id":1308},[137,120805,120806,120812,120818,120822,120826],{},[140,120807,120808],{},[308,120809,3010,120810,2943],{"href":73805},[15,120811,73708],{},[140,120813,120814],{},[308,120815,3010,120816,736],{"href":74059},[15,120817,77151],{},[140,120819,120820],{},[308,120821,79157],{"href":77660},[140,120823,120824],{},[308,120825,120109],{"href":120108},[140,120827,120828],{},[308,120829,311],{"href":50404},[1352,120831,120832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":120834},[120835,120836,120837,120841,120845,120848,120852,120856,120861,120871,120872,120873,120885],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":118903,"depth":85,"text":118904},{"id":117006,"depth":85,"text":118728,"children":120838},[120839],{"id":118970,"depth":101,"text":120840},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77217,"depth":85,"text":79179,"children":120842},[120843],{"id":119147,"depth":101,"text":120844},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119243,"depth":85,"text":119244,"children":120846},[120847],{"id":119269,"depth":101,"text":119270},{"id":119475,"depth":85,"text":120849,"children":120850},"When to use sorted()",[120851],{"id":119497,"depth":101,"text":119498},{"id":119632,"depth":85,"text":120853,"children":120854},"When to use list.sort()",[120855],{"id":119655,"depth":101,"text":119656},{"id":119769,"depth":85,"text":120857,"children":120858},"reverse and key work with both",[120859,120860],{"id":119800,"depth":101,"text":119801},{"id":119928,"depth":101,"text":119929},{"id":120112,"depth":85,"text":120113,"children":120862},[120863,120865,120867,120869],{"id":120119,"depth":101,"text":120864},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120243,"depth":101,"text":120866},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120392,"depth":101,"text":120868},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120443,"depth":101,"text":120870},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113010,"depth":85,"text":113011},{"id":120712,"depth":85,"text":120713},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":120874},[120875,120877,120879,120881,120883],{"id":120745,"depth":101,"text":120876},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120758,"depth":101,"text":120878},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120768,"depth":101,"text":120880},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120777,"depth":101,"text":120882},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120791,"depth":101,"text":120884},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118774,"description":120886},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120892,"title":41599,"body":120893,"description":122625,"extension":1392,"meta":122626,"navigation":243,"path":122627,"seo":122628,"stem":122629,"__hash__":122630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120894,"toc":122582},[120895,120900,120905,120911,120913,120968,120972,120995,121000,121005,121010,121012,121043,121046,121060,121062,121064,121079,121084,121088,121091,121142,121146,121160,121167,121171,121175,121230,121234,121257,121261,121317,121321,121344,121348,121403,121407,121430,121434,121501,121505,121540,121546,121551,121556,121558,121572,121574,121648,121652,121672,121677,121684,121687,121699,121701,121770,121774,121811,121814,121839,121846,121855,121858,121870,121876,121882,121884,121890,121895,121974,121978,122019,122023,122025,122052,122055,122078,122081,122087,122090,122127,122139,122146,122148,122199,122202,122234,122237,122239,122246,122248,122263,122265,122322,122326,122350,122352,122357,122373,122380,122384,122387,122470,122480,122482,122487,122490,122496,122499,122505,122508,122514,122517,122524,122532,122534,122579],[10,120896,3010,120898,3014],{"id":120897},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120899,47108],{},[20,120901,31740,120902,120904],{},[15,120903,47108],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120906,120907,120908,120910],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120909,47108],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[35,120912,1434],{"id":1433},[40,120914,120916],{"className":42,"code":120915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120917,120918,120926,120940,120944,120954],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120919,120920,120922,120924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120921,21050],{"class":55},[49,120923,60],{"class":59},[49,120925,44649],{"class":67},[49,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120929,1114],{"class":55},[49,120931,60],{"class":59},[49,120933,48329],{"class":1174},[49,120935,108],{"class":63},[49,120937,8731],{"class":94},[49,120939,272],{"class":63},[49,120941,120942],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,120943,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,120947,105],{"class":104},[49,120949,108],{"class":63},[49,120951,1129],{"class":94},[49,120953,272],{"class":63},[49,120955,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,120957,105],{"class":104},[49,120959,108],{"class":63},[49,120961,1175],{"class":1174},[49,120963,108],{"class":63},[49,120965,1129],{"class":94},[49,120967,1182],{"class":63},[20,120969,120970],{},[30,120971,275],{},[40,120973,120975],{"className":42,"code":120974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,120976,120977,120981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120978,120979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120980,2139],{"class":67},[49,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,120984,2723],{"class":59},[49,120986,2726],{"class":1497},[49,120988,2729],{"class":346},[49,120990,2877],{"class":350},[49,120992,2734],{"class":346},[49,120994,2737],{"class":59},[20,120996,120,120997,120999],{},[15,120998,47108],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[35,121001,127,121003,130],{"id":121002},"what-str-does",[15,121004,47108],{},[20,121006,121007,121009],{},[15,121008,47108],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121011,1539],{},[137,121013,121014,121021,121028,121035],{},[140,121015,121016,121017,483,121019],{},"An integer like ",[15,121018,221],{},[15,121020,41550],{},[140,121022,121023,121024,483,121026],{},"A float like ",[15,121025,39567],{},[15,121027,47519],{},[140,121029,121030,121031,483,121033],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121032,3039],{},[15,121034,6074],{},[140,121036,121037,121038,483,121040],{},"A list like ",[15,121039,74530],{},[15,121041,121042],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121044,121045],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[137,121047,121048,121051,121054,121057],{},[140,121049,121050],{},"print it",[140,121052,121053],{},"combine it with other strings",[140,121055,121056],{},"save it to a file",[140,121058,121059],{},"use it in messages",[35,121061,164],{"id":163},[20,121063,6652],{},[40,121065,121067],{"className":42,"code":121066,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"str(object)\n",[15,121068,121069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121070,121071,121073,121075,121077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121072,2877],{"class":1174},[49,121074,108],{"class":63},[49,121076,41822],{"class":1174},[49,121078,272],{"class":63},[20,121080,705,121081,121083],{},[15,121082,41822],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121085,121086,7658],{},[15,121087,47108],{},[20,121089,121090],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[40,121092,121094],{"className":42,"code":121093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121095,121096,121105,121128,121132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121097,121098,121100,121102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121099,4526],{"class":55},[49,121101,60],{"class":59},[49,121103,121104],{"class":67}," 100\n",[49,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124,121126],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121108,89291],{"class":55},[49,121110,60],{"class":59},[49,121112,357],{"class":346},[49,121114,121115],{"class":350},"Your score is ",[49,121117,347],{"class":346},[49,121119,1885],{"class":59},[49,121121,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121123,108],{"class":63},[49,121125,84804],{"class":94},[49,121127,272],{"class":63},[49,121129,121130],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121131,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121133,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121135,105],{"class":104},[49,121137,108],{"class":63},[49,121139,89308],{"class":94},[49,121141,272],{"class":63},[20,121143,121144],{},[30,121145,275],{},[40,121147,121149],{"className":42,"code":121148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121150,121151],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121152,121153,121156,121158],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121154,121155],{"class":55},"Your score ",[49,121157,11617],{"class":59},[49,121159,121104],{"class":67},[20,121161,1728,121162,121166],{},[308,121163,121164,1735],{"href":1731},[15,121165,1734],{}," can help you check.",[35,121168,121170],{"id":121169},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[528,121172,121174],{"id":121173},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[40,121176,121178],{"className":42,"code":121177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121179,121180,121188,121202,121206,121216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121181,121182,121184,121186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121183,1650],{"class":55},[49,121185,60],{"class":59},[49,121187,2017],{"class":67},[49,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121191,1114],{"class":55},[49,121193,60],{"class":59},[49,121195,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121197,108],{"class":63},[49,121199,1672],{"class":94},[49,121201,272],{"class":63},[49,121203,121204],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121205,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121207,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121209,105],{"class":104},[49,121211,108],{"class":63},[49,121213,1129],{"class":94},[49,121215,272],{"class":63},[49,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121219,105],{"class":104},[49,121221,108],{"class":63},[49,121223,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121225,108],{"class":63},[49,121227,1129],{"class":94},[49,121229,1182],{"class":63},[20,121231,121232],{},[30,121233,275],{},[40,121235,121237],{"className":42,"code":121236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121238,121239,121243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121240,121241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121242,1808],{"class":67},[49,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121246,2723],{"class":59},[49,121248,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121250,2729],{"class":346},[49,121252,2877],{"class":350},[49,121254,2734],{"class":346},[49,121256,2737],{"class":59},[528,121258,121260],{"id":121259},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[40,121262,121264],{"className":42,"code":121263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121265,121266,121275,121289,121293,121303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121267,121268,121270,121272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121269,39811],{"class":55},[49,121271,60],{"class":59},[49,121273,121274],{"class":67}," 3.14\n",[49,121276,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121278,1114],{"class":55},[49,121280,60],{"class":59},[49,121282,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121284,108],{"class":63},[49,121286,24572],{"class":94},[49,121288,272],{"class":63},[49,121290,121291],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121292,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121294,121295,121297,121299,121301],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121296,105],{"class":104},[49,121298,108],{"class":63},[49,121300,1129],{"class":94},[49,121302,272],{"class":63},[49,121304,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121306,105],{"class":104},[49,121308,108],{"class":63},[49,121310,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121312,108],{"class":63},[49,121314,1129],{"class":94},[49,121316,1182],{"class":63},[20,121318,121319],{},[30,121320,275],{},[40,121322,121324],{"className":42,"code":121323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121325,121326,121330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121327,121328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121329,39601],{"class":67},[49,121331,121332,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121333,2723],{"class":59},[49,121335,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121337,2729],{"class":346},[49,121339,2877],{"class":350},[49,121341,2734],{"class":346},[49,121343,2737],{"class":59},[528,121345,121347],{"id":121346},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[40,121349,121351],{"className":42,"code":121350,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121352,121353,121361,121375,121379,121389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121354,121355,121357,121359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121356,1878],{"class":55},[49,121358,60],{"class":59},[49,121360,5855],{"class":3281},[49,121362,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121364,1114],{"class":55},[49,121366,60],{"class":59},[49,121368,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121370,108],{"class":63},[49,121372,1904],{"class":94},[49,121374,272],{"class":63},[49,121376,121377],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121378,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121380,121381,121383,121385,121387],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121382,105],{"class":104},[49,121384,108],{"class":63},[49,121386,1129],{"class":94},[49,121388,272],{"class":63},[49,121390,121391,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121392,105],{"class":104},[49,121394,108],{"class":63},[49,121396,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121398,108],{"class":63},[49,121400,1129],{"class":94},[49,121402,1182],{"class":63},[20,121404,121405],{},[30,121406,275],{},[40,121408,121410],{"className":42,"code":121409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121411,121412,121416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121413,121414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121415,3410],{"class":3281},[49,121417,121418,121420,121422,121424,121426,121428],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121419,2723],{"class":59},[49,121421,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121423,2729],{"class":346},[49,121425,2877],{"class":350},[49,121427,2734],{"class":346},[49,121429,2737],{"class":59},[528,121431,121433],{"id":121432},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[40,121435,121437],{"className":42,"code":121436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121438,121439,121459,121473,121477,121487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121440,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121442,56],{"class":55},[49,121444,60],{"class":59},[49,121446,64],{"class":63},[49,121448,68],{"class":67},[49,121450,71],{"class":63},[49,121452,74],{"class":67},[49,121454,71],{"class":63},[49,121456,79],{"class":67},[49,121458,82],{"class":63},[49,121460,121461,121463,121465,121467,121469,121471],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121462,1114],{"class":55},[49,121464,60],{"class":59},[49,121466,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121468,108],{"class":63},[49,121470,88],{"class":94},[49,121472,272],{"class":63},[49,121474,121475],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121476,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121480,105],{"class":104},[49,121482,108],{"class":63},[49,121484,1129],{"class":94},[49,121486,272],{"class":63},[49,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121490,105],{"class":104},[49,121492,108],{"class":63},[49,121494,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121496,108],{"class":63},[49,121498,1129],{"class":94},[49,121500,1182],{"class":63},[20,121502,121503],{},[30,121504,275],{},[40,121506,121508],{"className":42,"code":121507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121509,121510,121526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121511,121512,121514,121516,121518,121520,121522,121524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121513,938],{"class":63},[49,121515,68],{"class":67},[49,121517,71],{"class":63},[49,121519,74],{"class":67},[49,121521,71],{"class":63},[49,121523,79],{"class":67},[49,121525,82],{"class":63},[49,121527,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536,121538],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121529,2723],{"class":59},[49,121531,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121533,2729],{"class":346},[49,121535,2877],{"class":350},[49,121537,2734],{"class":346},[49,121539,2737],{"class":59},[20,121541,121542,121543,121545],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121544,329],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[35,121547,740,121549],{"id":121548},"when-to-use-str",[15,121550,47108],{},[20,121552,120,121553,121555],{},[15,121554,47108],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121557,35848],{},[137,121559,121560,121563,121566,121569],{},[140,121561,121562],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[140,121564,121565],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[140,121567,121568],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[140,121570,121571],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121573,761],{},[40,121575,121577],{"className":42,"code":121576,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121578,121579,121591,121599,121603,121638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121580,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121582,7308],{"class":55},[49,121584,60],{"class":59},[49,121586,357],{"class":346},[49,121588,10933],{"class":350},[49,121590,1124],{"class":346},[49,121592,121593,121595,121597],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121594,21050],{"class":55},[49,121596,60],{"class":59},[49,121598,44649],{"class":67},[49,121600,121601],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121602,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121604,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633,121636],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121606,89291],{"class":55},[49,121608,60],{"class":59},[49,121610,35391],{"class":55},[49,121612,1491],{"class":59},[49,121614,357],{"class":346},[49,121616,4214],{"class":350},[49,121618,347],{"class":346},[49,121620,1885],{"class":59},[49,121622,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121624,108],{"class":63},[49,121626,8731],{"class":94},[49,121628,113],{"class":63},[49,121630,1885],{"class":59},[49,121632,357],{"class":346},[49,121634,121635],{"class":350}," years old.",[49,121637,1124],{"class":346},[49,121639,121640,121642,121644,121646],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121641,105],{"class":104},[49,121643,108],{"class":63},[49,121645,89308],{"class":94},[49,121647,272],{"class":63},[20,121649,121650],{},[30,121651,275],{},[40,121653,121655],{"className":42,"code":121654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121656,121657],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121658,121659,121662,121664,121666,121669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121660,121661],{"class":55},"Maya ",[49,121663,11617],{"class":59},[49,121665,8738],{"class":67},[49,121667,121668],{"class":55}," years old",[49,121670,121671],{"class":63},".\n",[20,121673,121674,121675,91],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[308,121676,88977],{"href":88976},[35,121678,121680,10018,121682],{"id":121679},"str-vs-print",[15,121681,47108],{},[15,121683,45876],{},[20,121685,121686],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[137,121688,121689,121694],{},[140,121690,121691,121693],{},[15,121692,47108],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[140,121695,121696,121698],{},[15,121697,45876],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121700,761],{},[40,121702,121704],{"className":42,"code":121703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121705,121706,121714,121718,121732,121742,121756],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121707,121708,121710,121712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121709,1878],{"class":55},[49,121711,60],{"class":59},[49,121713,2199],{"class":67},[49,121715,121716],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121717,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121721,1114],{"class":55},[49,121723,60],{"class":59},[49,121725,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121727,108],{"class":63},[49,121729,1904],{"class":94},[49,121731,272],{"class":63},[49,121733,121734,121736,121738,121740],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121735,105],{"class":104},[49,121737,108],{"class":63},[49,121739,1129],{"class":94},[49,121741,272],{"class":63},[49,121743,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121745,105],{"class":104},[49,121747,108],{"class":63},[49,121749,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121751,108],{"class":63},[49,121753,1129],{"class":94},[49,121755,1182],{"class":63},[49,121757,121758,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,121759,105],{"class":104},[49,121761,108],{"class":63},[49,121763,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121765,108],{"class":63},[49,121767,1904],{"class":94},[49,121769,1182],{"class":63},[20,121771,121772],{},[30,121773,275],{},[40,121775,121777],{"className":42,"code":121776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121778,121779,121783,121797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121780,121781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121782,46036],{"class":67},[49,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121786,2723],{"class":59},[49,121788,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121790,2729],{"class":346},[49,121792,2877],{"class":350},[49,121794,2734],{"class":346},[49,121796,2737],{"class":59},[49,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121800,2723],{"class":59},[49,121802,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121804,2729],{"class":346},[49,121806,1621],{"class":350},[49,121808,2734],{"class":346},[49,121810,2737],{"class":59},[20,121812,121813],{},"Notice:",[137,121815,121816,121822,121827],{},[140,121817,121818,121821],{},[15,121819,121820],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[140,121823,121824,121826],{},[15,121825,45876],{}," only displayed values",[140,121828,121829,121831,121832,121834,121835,60584,121837],{},[15,121830,45876],{}," did not change ",[15,121833,1904],{}," from ",[15,121836,1621],{},[15,121838,2877],{},[20,121840,121841,121842,91],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[308,121843,121844,1735],{"href":45873},[15,121845,45876],{},[35,121847,121849,10018,121851,121854],{"id":121848},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121850,47108],{},[15,121852,121853],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121856,121857],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[137,121859,121860,121865],{},[140,121861,121862,121864],{},[15,121863,47108],{}," is the more readable text version",[140,121866,121867,121869],{},[15,121868,121853],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121871,121872,121873,121875],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121874,47108],{}," much more often.",[20,121877,121878,121879,121881],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121880,47108],{}," is usually the right choice.",[35,121883,863],{"id":862},[528,121885,25197,121887,121889],{"id":121886},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121888,47108],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121891,121892,121894],{},[15,121893,47108],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[40,121896,121898],{"className":42,"code":121897,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121899,121900,121908,121922,121926,121936,121950,121960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121901,121902,121904,121906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121903,21050],{"class":55},[49,121905,60],{"class":59},[49,121907,44649],{"class":67},[49,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121911,1114],{"class":55},[49,121913,60],{"class":59},[49,121915,48329],{"class":1174},[49,121917,108],{"class":63},[49,121919,8731],{"class":94},[49,121921,272],{"class":63},[49,121923,121924],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,121925,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,121927,121928,121930,121932,121934],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,121929,105],{"class":104},[49,121931,108],{"class":63},[49,121933,8731],{"class":94},[49,121935,272],{"class":63},[49,121937,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,121939,105],{"class":104},[49,121941,108],{"class":63},[49,121943,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121945,108],{"class":63},[49,121947,8731],{"class":94},[49,121949,1182],{"class":63},[49,121951,121952,121954,121956,121958],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,121953,105],{"class":104},[49,121955,108],{"class":63},[49,121957,1129],{"class":94},[49,121959,272],{"class":63},[49,121961,121962,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,121963,105],{"class":104},[49,121965,108],{"class":63},[49,121967,1175],{"class":1174},[49,121969,108],{"class":63},[49,121971,1129],{"class":94},[49,121973,1182],{"class":63},[20,121975,121976],{},[30,121977,275],{},[40,121979,121981],{"className":42,"code":121980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121982,121983,121987,122001,122005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121984,121985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121986,2139],{"class":67},[49,121988,121989,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,121990,2723],{"class":59},[49,121992,2726],{"class":1497},[49,121994,2729],{"class":346},[49,121996,1621],{"class":350},[49,121998,2734],{"class":346},[49,122000,2737],{"class":59},[49,122002,122003],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122004,2139],{"class":67},[49,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,122008,2723],{"class":59},[49,122010,2726],{"class":1497},[49,122012,2729],{"class":346},[49,122014,2877],{"class":350},[49,122016,2734],{"class":346},[49,122018,2737],{"class":59},[528,122020,122022],{"id":122021},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122024,6121],{},[40,122026,122028],{"className":42,"code":122027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122029,122030,122038],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122031,122032,122034,122036],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122033,21050],{"class":55},[49,122035,60],{"class":59},[49,122037,44649],{"class":67},[49,122039,122040,122042,122044,122046,122048,122050],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122041,1114],{"class":55},[49,122043,60],{"class":59},[49,122045,48329],{"class":1174},[49,122047,108],{"class":63},[49,122049,8731],{"class":94},[49,122051,272],{"class":63},[20,122053,122054],{},"But if you only do this:",[40,122056,122058],{"className":42,"code":122057,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122059,122060,122068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122061,122062,122064,122066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122063,21050],{"class":55},[49,122065,60],{"class":59},[49,122067,44649],{"class":67},[49,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122071,2877],{"class":1174},[49,122073,108],{"class":63},[49,122075,8731],{"class":94},[49,122077,272],{"class":63},[20,122079,122080],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[528,122082,1092,122084,122086],{"id":122083},"using-str-too-early",[15,122085,47108],{}," too early",[20,122088,122089],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[40,122091,122093],{"className":42,"code":122092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122094,122095,122103,122118,122122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122096,122097,122099,122101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122098,39811],{"class":55},[49,122100,60],{"class":59},[49,122102,2017],{"class":67},[49,122104,122105,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122106,122107],{"class":55},"text_price ",[49,122109,60],{"class":59},[49,122111,48329],{"class":1174},[49,122113,108],{"class":63},[49,122115,24572],{"class":94},[49,122117,272],{"class":63},[49,122119,122120],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122121,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,122123,122124],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,122125,122126],{"class":116},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122128,122129,122130,2310,122134,122138],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[308,122131,122132],{"href":2306},[15,122133,2309],{},[308,122135,122136],{"href":2313},[15,122137,2316],{},", depending on the situation.",[528,122140,1011,122142,122145],{"id":122141},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122143,122144],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122147,63927],{},[40,122149,122151],{"className":42,"code":122150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122152,122153,122185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122154,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122156,56],{"class":55},[49,122158,60],{"class":59},[49,122160,64],{"class":63},[49,122162,347],{"class":346},[49,122164,3510],{"class":350},[49,122166,347],{"class":346},[49,122168,71],{"class":63},[49,122170,357],{"class":346},[49,122172,3519],{"class":350},[49,122174,347],{"class":346},[49,122176,71],{"class":63},[49,122178,357],{"class":346},[49,122180,32644],{"class":350},[49,122182,347],{"class":346},[49,122184,82],{"class":63},[49,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122188,105],{"class":104},[49,122190,108],{"class":63},[49,122192,2877],{"class":1174},[49,122194,108],{"class":63},[49,122196,88],{"class":94},[49,122198,1182],{"class":63},[20,122200,122201],{},"prints:",[40,122203,122204],{"className":42,"code":72120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,122205,122206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122209,938],{"class":63},[49,122211,2734],{"class":346},[49,122213,3510],{"class":350},[49,122215,2734],{"class":346},[49,122217,71],{"class":63},[49,122219,2729],{"class":346},[49,122221,3519],{"class":350},[49,122223,2734],{"class":346},[49,122225,71],{"class":63},[49,122227,2729],{"class":346},[49,122229,32644],{"class":350},[49,122231,2734],{"class":346},[49,122233,82],{"class":63},[20,122235,122236],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[35,122238,315],{"id":314},[20,122240,122241,21397,122243,91],{},[15,122242,47108],{},[30,122244,122245],{},"new string",[20,122247,186],{},[137,122249,122250,122253,122256],{},[140,122251,122252],{},"It always returns a string",[140,122254,122255],{},"It does not modify the original object",[140,122257,7198,122258,122262],{},[308,122259,122260],{"href":1731},[15,122261,1734],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122264,761],{},[40,122266,122268],{"className":42,"code":122267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122269,122270,122278,122293,122297,122308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122271,122272,122274,122276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122273,1878],{"class":55},[49,122275,60],{"class":59},[49,122277,13551],{"class":67},[49,122279,122280,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122281,122282],{"class":55},"converted ",[49,122284,60],{"class":59},[49,122286,48329],{"class":1174},[49,122288,108],{"class":63},[49,122290,1904],{"class":94},[49,122292,272],{"class":63},[49,122294,122295],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122296,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,122298,122299,122301,122303,122306],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,122300,105],{"class":104},[49,122302,108],{"class":63},[49,122304,122305],{"class":94},"converted",[49,122307,272],{"class":63},[49,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,122311,105],{"class":104},[49,122313,108],{"class":63},[49,122315,1175],{"class":1174},[49,122317,108],{"class":63},[49,122319,122305],{"class":94},[49,122321,1182],{"class":63},[20,122323,122324],{},[30,122325,275],{},[40,122327,122329],{"className":42,"code":122328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122330,122331,122336],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122332,122333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122334,122335],{"class":67},"99\n",[49,122337,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122339,2723],{"class":59},[49,122341,2726],{"class":1497},[49,122343,2729],{"class":346},[49,122345,2877],{"class":350},[49,122347,2734],{"class":346},[49,122349,2737],{"class":59},[35,122351,113011],{"id":113010},[20,122353,122354,122355,74099],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122356,47108],{},[137,122358,122359,122362,122365,122370],{},[140,122360,122361],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[140,122363,122364],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[140,122366,1092,122367,122369],{},[15,122368,47108],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[140,122371,122372],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122374,122375,122376,91],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[308,122377,25102,122378],{"href":89689},[15,122379,89690],{},[35,122381,122383],{"id":122382},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122385,122386],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[40,122388,122390],{"className":42,"code":122389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122391,122392,122400,122404,122414,122428,122432,122446,122456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122393,122394,122396,122398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122395,1878],{"class":55},[49,122397,60],{"class":59},[49,122399,44649],{"class":67},[49,122401,122402],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122403,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,122405,122406,122408,122410,122412],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122407,105],{"class":104},[49,122409,108],{"class":63},[49,122411,1904],{"class":94},[49,122413,272],{"class":63},[49,122415,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,122417,105],{"class":104},[49,122419,108],{"class":63},[49,122421,1175],{"class":1174},[49,122423,108],{"class":63},[49,122425,1904],{"class":94},[49,122427,1182],{"class":63},[49,122429,122430],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,122431,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,122435,122282],{"class":55},[49,122437,60],{"class":59},[49,122439,48329],{"class":1174},[49,122441,108],{"class":63},[49,122443,1904],{"class":94},[49,122445,272],{"class":63},[49,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,122449,105],{"class":104},[49,122451,108],{"class":63},[49,122453,122305],{"class":94},[49,122455,272],{"class":63},[49,122457,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,122459,105],{"class":104},[49,122461,108],{"class":63},[49,122463,1175],{"class":1174},[49,122465,108],{"class":63},[49,122467,122305],{"class":94},[49,122469,1182],{"class":63},[20,122471,122472,122473,1622,122475,122477,122478,91],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122474,1621],{},[15,122476,1625],{},", or another type into ",[15,122479,2877],{},[35,122481,1253],{"id":1252},[528,122483,4573,122485,4576],{"id":122484},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122486,47108],{},[20,122488,122489],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[528,122491,1257,122493,122495],{"id":122492},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122494,47108],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122497,122498],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[528,122500,4601,122502,122504],{"id":122501},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122503,47108],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122506,122507],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[528,122509,93875,122511,122513],{"id":122510},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122512,47108],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122515,122516],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[528,122518,14324,122520,56487,122522,1284],{"id":122519},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122521,47108],{},[15,122523,45876],{},[20,122525,45789,122526,122528,122529,122531],{},[15,122527,47108],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122530,45876],{}," shows output.",[35,122533,1309],{"id":1308},[137,122535,122536,122542,122548,122554,122560,122569,122573],{},[140,122537,122538],{},[308,122539,122540,2943],{"href":45873},[15,122541,45876],{},[140,122543,122544],{},[308,122545,122546,2943],{"href":1731},[15,122547,1734],{},[140,122549,122550],{},[308,122551,122552,2943],{"href":2306},[15,122553,2309],{},[140,122555,122556],{},[308,122557,122558,2943],{"href":2313},[15,122559,2316],{},[140,122561,122562],{},[308,122563,122565,122566,122568],{"href":122564},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122567,1621],{}," to string in Python",[140,122570,122571],{},[308,122572,89967],{"href":88976},[140,122574,122575],{},[308,122576,1346,122577],{"href":89689},[15,122578,89690],{},[1352,122580,122581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":122583},[122584,122585,122587,122588,122594,122596,122598,122600,122609,122610,122611,122612,122624],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":121002,"depth":85,"text":122586},"What str() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":121169,"depth":85,"text":121170,"children":122589},[122590,122591,122592,122593],{"id":121173,"depth":101,"text":121174},{"id":121259,"depth":101,"text":121260},{"id":121346,"depth":101,"text":121347},{"id":121432,"depth":101,"text":121433},{"id":121548,"depth":85,"text":122595},"When to use str()",{"id":121679,"depth":85,"text":122597},"str() vs print()",{"id":121848,"depth":85,"text":122599},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":122601},[122602,122604,122605,122607],{"id":121886,"depth":101,"text":122603},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122021,"depth":101,"text":122022},{"id":122083,"depth":101,"text":122606},"Using str() too early",{"id":122141,"depth":101,"text":122608},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":113010,"depth":85,"text":113011},{"id":122382,"depth":85,"text":122383},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":122613},[122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"id":122484,"depth":101,"text":122615},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122492,"depth":101,"text":122617},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122501,"depth":101,"text":122619},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122510,"depth":101,"text":122621},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122519,"depth":101,"text":122623},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41599,"description":122625},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122632,"title":122633,"body":122634,"description":124087,"extension":1392,"meta":124088,"navigation":243,"path":124089,"seo":124090,"stem":124091,"__hash__":124092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122635,"toc":124049},[122636,122642,122648,122651,122673,122675,122737,122739,122752,122758,122763,122768,122770,122783,122794,122796,122823,122825,122842,122849,122860,122862,122867,122869,122881,122889,122898,122900,122903,122956,122958,122966,122974,122978,122983,123023,123025,123033,123036,123038,123078,123080,123088,123098,123104,123107,123180,123182,123195,123199,123204,123232,123235,123270,123272,123280,123283,123287,123291,123293,123309,123311,123351,123353,123361,123370,123413,123415,123423,123425,123429,123435,123438,123478,123480,123488,123493,123496,123539,123543,123546,123581,123586,123588,123627,123637,123645,123655,123663,123667,123672,123674,123715,123717,123725,123730,123733,123736,123754,123760,123764,123769,123772,123812,123814,123819,123918,123921,123937,123939,123958,123960,123967,123970,123976,123979,123985,123989,123995,123998,124004,124007,124009,124046],[10,122637,122639,122640,18],{"id":122638},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122641,56572],{},[20,122643,122644,122645,122647],{},"The Python string ",[15,122646,56572],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122649,122650],{},"This reference page explains:",[137,122652,122653,122657,122660,122662,122670],{},[140,122654,25442,122655,130],{},[15,122656,56572],{},[140,122658,122659],{},"its syntax",[140,122661,34816],{},[140,122663,122664,122665,618,122667,122669],{},"how ",[15,122666,35495],{},[15,122668,52086],{}," work",[140,122671,122672],{},"common beginner mistakes",[35,122674,1434],{"id":1433},[40,122676,122678],{"className":42,"code":122677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122679,122680,122692,122714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122681,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122683,1114],{"class":55},[49,122685,60],{"class":59},[49,122687,357],{"class":346},[49,122689,3519],{"class":350},[49,122691,1124],{"class":346},[49,122693,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122695,105],{"class":104},[49,122697,108],{"class":63},[49,122699,1129],{"class":94},[49,122701,91],{"class":63},[49,122703,40683],{"class":94},[49,122705,108],{"class":63},[49,122707,347],{"class":346},[49,122709,308],{"class":350},[49,122711,347],{"class":346},[49,122713,1182],{"class":63},[49,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730,122733,122735],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122717,105],{"class":104},[49,122719,108],{"class":63},[49,122721,1129],{"class":94},[49,122723,91],{"class":63},[49,122725,40683],{"class":94},[49,122727,108],{"class":63},[49,122729,347],{"class":346},[49,122731,122732],{"class":350},"na",[49,122734,347],{"class":346},[49,122736,1182],{"class":63},[20,122738,275],{},[40,122740,122742],{"className":42,"code":122741,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\n",[15,122743,122744,122748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122745,122746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122747,46041],{"class":67},[49,122749,122750],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122751,16479],{"class":67},[20,122753,120,122754,122757],{},[15,122755,122756],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[35,122759,12415,122761,12418],{"id":122760},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122762,56572],{},[20,122764,122765,122767],{},[15,122766,56572],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122769,12471],{},[137,122771,122772,122775,122778,122780],{},[140,122773,122774],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[140,122776,122777],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[140,122779,43081],{},[140,122781,122782],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122784,122785,122786,122788,122789,1622,122791,122793],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122787,17518],{}," characters are in ",[15,122790,64558],{},[15,122792,56572],{}," is a simple choice.",[35,122795,164],{"id":163},[40,122797,122799],{"className":42,"code":122798,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122800,122801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122802,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122804,60457],{"class":55},[49,122806,91],{"class":63},[49,122808,40683],{"class":94},[49,122810,108],{"class":63},[49,122812,1904],{"class":94},[49,122814,71],{"class":63},[49,122816,35474],{"class":94},[49,122818,71],{"class":63},[49,122820,64324],{"class":94},[49,122822,272],{"class":63},[528,122824,16818],{"id":16817},[137,122826,122827,122832,122837],{},[140,122828,122829,122831],{},[15,122830,1904],{},": the text to search for",[140,122833,122834,122836],{},[15,122835,35495],{},": optional; where counting begins",[140,122838,122839,122841],{},[15,122840,52086],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122843,122844,618,122846,122848],{},[15,122845,35495],{},[15,122847,52086],{}," work like slice positions:",[137,122850,122851,122856],{},[140,122852,122853,122855],{},[15,122854,35495],{}," is included",[140,122857,122858,75025],{},[15,122859,52086],{},[35,122861,315],{"id":314},[20,122863,122864,122866],{},[15,122865,56572],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122868,1558],{},[137,122870,122871,122876],{},[140,122872,122873,122874],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122875,1494],{},[140,122877,122878,122879],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122880,1552],{},[20,122882,326,122883,4592,122885,2310,122887,91],{},[30,122884,329],{},[15,122886,3039],{},[15,122888,3105],{},[20,122890,122891,122892,122897],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[308,122893,122895,100885],{"href":122894},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122896,3313],{}," is often a better fit.",[35,122899,201],{"id":200},[20,122901,122902],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[40,122904,122906],{"className":42,"code":122905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122907,122908,122920,122942,122946],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122911,1114],{"class":55},[49,122913,60],{"class":59},[49,122915,357],{"class":346},[49,122917,3510],{"class":350},[49,122919,1124],{"class":346},[49,122921,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934,122936,122938,122940],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,122923,382],{"class":55},[49,122925,60],{"class":59},[49,122927,42265],{"class":55},[49,122929,91],{"class":63},[49,122931,40683],{"class":94},[49,122933,108],{"class":63},[49,122935,347],{"class":346},[49,122937,20],{"class":350},[49,122939,347],{"class":346},[49,122941,272],{"class":63},[49,122943,122944],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,122945,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,122947,122948,122950,122952,122954],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,122949,105],{"class":104},[49,122951,108],{"class":63},[49,122953,420],{"class":94},[49,122955,272],{"class":63},[20,122957,275],{},[40,122959,122960],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,122961,122962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122963,122964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122965,16479],{"class":67},[20,122967,63103,122968,122971,122972,91],{},[15,122969,122970],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,122973,57115],{},[35,122975,122977],{"id":122976},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,122979,122980,122982],{},[15,122981,56572],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[40,122984,122986],{"className":42,"code":122985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,122987,122988,123001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996,122999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122991,1114],{"class":55},[49,122993,60],{"class":59},[49,122995,357],{"class":346},[49,122997,122998],{"class":350},"cat dog cat bird cat",[49,123000,1124],{"class":346},[49,123002,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123004,105],{"class":104},[49,123006,108],{"class":63},[49,123008,1129],{"class":94},[49,123010,91],{"class":63},[49,123012,40683],{"class":94},[49,123014,108],{"class":63},[49,123016,347],{"class":346},[49,123018,36470],{"class":350},[49,123020,347],{"class":346},[49,123022,1182],{"class":63},[20,123024,275],{},[40,123026,123027],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123028,123029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123030,123031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123032,46041],{"class":67},[20,123034,123035],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123037,761],{},[40,123039,123041],{"className":42,"code":123040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123042,123043,123056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123044,123045,123047,123049,123051,123054],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123046,1114],{"class":55},[49,123048,60],{"class":59},[49,123050,357],{"class":346},[49,123052,123053],{"class":350},"one One one",[49,123055,1124],{"class":346},[49,123057,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123059,105],{"class":104},[49,123061,108],{"class":63},[49,123063,1129],{"class":94},[49,123065,91],{"class":63},[49,123067,40683],{"class":94},[49,123069,108],{"class":63},[49,123071,347],{"class":346},[49,123073,6018],{"class":350},[49,123075,347],{"class":346},[49,123077,1182],{"class":63},[20,123079,275],{},[40,123081,123082],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123083,123084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123085,123086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123087,16479],{"class":67},[20,123089,123090,123091,123094,123095,123097],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123092,123093],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123096,56572],{}," is case-sensitive.",[35,123099,1092,123100,618,123102],{"id":64690},[15,123101,35495],{},[15,123103,52086],{},[20,123105,123106],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[40,123108,123110],{"className":42,"code":123109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123111,123112,123124,123150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123115,1114],{"class":55},[49,123117,60],{"class":59},[49,123119,357],{"class":346},[49,123121,3519],{"class":350},[49,123123,1124],{"class":346},[49,123125,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138,123140,123142,123144,123146,123148],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123127,105],{"class":104},[49,123129,108],{"class":63},[49,123131,1129],{"class":94},[49,123133,91],{"class":63},[49,123135,40683],{"class":94},[49,123137,108],{"class":63},[49,123139,347],{"class":346},[49,123141,308],{"class":350},[49,123143,347],{"class":346},[49,123145,71],{"class":63},[49,123147,74],{"class":67},[49,123149,1182],{"class":63},[49,123151,123152,123154,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,123153,105],{"class":104},[49,123155,108],{"class":63},[49,123157,1129],{"class":94},[49,123159,91],{"class":63},[49,123161,40683],{"class":94},[49,123163,108],{"class":63},[49,123165,347],{"class":346},[49,123167,308],{"class":350},[49,123169,347],{"class":346},[49,123171,71],{"class":63},[49,123173,74],{"class":67},[49,123175,71],{"class":63},[49,123177,4036],{"class":67},[49,123179,1182],{"class":63},[20,123181,275],{},[40,123183,123185],{"className":42,"code":123184,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n1\n",[15,123186,123187,123191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123188,123189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123190,16479],{"class":67},[49,123192,123193],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123194,46341],{"class":67},[528,123196,123198],{"id":123197},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123200,123201,123202,135],{},"In ",[15,123203,64558],{},[137,123205,123206,123214,123222],{},[140,123207,70249,123208,123210,123211],{},[15,123209,1488],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123212,123213],{},"\"n\"",[140,123215,123216,123219,123220,75323],{},[15,123217,123218],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123221,1488],{},[140,123223,123224,123219,123227,123229,123230],{},[15,123225,123226],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123228,1488],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123231,1569],{},[20,123233,123234],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[40,123236,123238],{"className":42,"code":123237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123239,123240,123252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123241,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123243,1114],{"class":55},[49,123245,60],{"class":59},[49,123247,357],{"class":346},[49,123249,3519],{"class":350},[49,123251,1124],{"class":346},[49,123253,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123255,105],{"class":104},[49,123257,108],{"class":63},[49,123259,1129],{"class":94},[49,123261,938],{"class":63},[49,123263,1488],{"class":67},[49,123265,135],{"class":63},[49,123267,1569],{"class":67},[49,123269,3319],{"class":63},[20,123271,275],{},[40,123273,123274],{"className":42,"code":40892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123275,123276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123277,123278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123279,40892],{"class":55},[20,123281,123282],{},"Only that section is searched.",[35,123284,123286],{"id":123285},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123288,123289,123097],{},[15,123290,56572],{},[20,123292,1539],{},[137,123294,123295,123303],{},[140,123296,123297,618,123299,123302],{},[15,123298,17518],{},[15,123300,123301],{},"\"A\""," are different",[140,123304,123305,618,123307,123302],{},[15,123306,63818],{},[15,123308,89702],{},[20,123310,761],{},[40,123312,123314],{"className":42,"code":123313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123315,123316,123329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123317,123318,123320,123322,123324,123327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123319,1114],{"class":55},[49,123321,60],{"class":59},[49,123323,357],{"class":346},[49,123325,123326],{"class":350},"Apple apple APPLE",[49,123328,1124],{"class":346},[49,123330,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123332,105],{"class":104},[49,123334,108],{"class":63},[49,123336,1129],{"class":94},[49,123338,91],{"class":63},[49,123340,40683],{"class":94},[49,123342,108],{"class":63},[49,123344,347],{"class":346},[49,123346,3510],{"class":350},[49,123348,347],{"class":346},[49,123350,1182],{"class":63},[20,123352,275],{},[40,123354,123355],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123356,123357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123358,123359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123360,46341],{"class":67},[20,123362,123363,123364,135],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[308,123365,123367],{"href":123366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123368,123369],{},"lower()",[40,123371,123373],{"className":42,"code":123372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123374,123375,123387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123376,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123378,1114],{"class":55},[49,123380,60],{"class":59},[49,123382,357],{"class":346},[49,123384,123326],{"class":350},[49,123386,1124],{"class":346},[49,123388,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409,123411],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123390,105],{"class":104},[49,123392,108],{"class":63},[49,123394,1129],{"class":94},[49,123396,91],{"class":63},[49,123398,8071],{"class":94},[49,123400,8068],{"class":63},[49,123402,40683],{"class":94},[49,123404,108],{"class":63},[49,123406,347],{"class":346},[49,123408,3510],{"class":350},[49,123410,347],{"class":346},[49,123412,1182],{"class":63},[20,123414,275],{},[40,123416,123417],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123418,123419],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123420,123421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123422,46041],{"class":67},[35,123424,2261],{"id":2260},[20,123426,22517,123427,91],{},[15,123428,56572],{},[528,123430,1011,123432,123434],{"id":123431},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123433,56572],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123436,123437],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[40,123439,123441],{"className":42,"code":123440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123442,123443,123456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123444,123445,123447,123449,123451,123454],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123446,1114],{"class":55},[49,123448,60],{"class":59},[49,123450,357],{"class":346},[49,123452,123453],{"class":350},"Aardvark",[49,123455,1124],{"class":346},[49,123457,123458,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123459,105],{"class":104},[49,123461,108],{"class":63},[49,123463,1129],{"class":94},[49,123465,91],{"class":63},[49,123467,40683],{"class":94},[49,123469,108],{"class":63},[49,123471,347],{"class":346},[49,123473,308],{"class":350},[49,123475,347],{"class":346},[49,123477,1182],{"class":63},[20,123479,275],{},[40,123481,123482],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123483,123484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123485,123486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123487,16479],{"class":67},[20,123489,123090,123490,123492],{},[15,123491,123301],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123494,123495],{},"If needed, convert first:",[40,123497,123499],{"className":42,"code":123498,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123500,123501,123513],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123502,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123504,1114],{"class":55},[49,123506,60],{"class":59},[49,123508,357],{"class":346},[49,123510,123453],{"class":350},[49,123512,1124],{"class":346},[49,123514,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123516,105],{"class":104},[49,123518,108],{"class":63},[49,123520,1129],{"class":94},[49,123522,91],{"class":63},[49,123524,8071],{"class":94},[49,123526,8068],{"class":63},[49,123528,40683],{"class":94},[49,123530,108],{"class":63},[49,123532,347],{"class":346},[49,123534,308],{"class":350},[49,123536,347],{"class":346},[49,123538,1182],{"class":63},[528,123540,123542],{"id":123541},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123544,123545],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[40,123547,123549],{"className":42,"code":123548,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123550,123551,123563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123552,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123554,1114],{"class":55},[49,123556,60],{"class":59},[49,123558,357],{"class":346},[49,123560,3519],{"class":350},[49,123562,1124],{"class":346},[49,123564,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123566,105],{"class":104},[49,123568,108],{"class":63},[49,123570,1129],{"class":94},[49,123572,91],{"class":63},[49,123574,40683],{"class":94},[49,123576,108],{"class":63},[49,123578,308],{"class":94},[49,123580,1182],{"class":63},[20,123582,123583,123584,91],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123585,308],{},[20,123587,956],{},[40,123589,123591],{"className":42,"code":123590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123592,123593,123605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123594,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123596,1114],{"class":55},[49,123598,60],{"class":59},[49,123600,357],{"class":346},[49,123602,3519],{"class":350},[49,123604,1124],{"class":346},[49,123606,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123608,105],{"class":104},[49,123610,108],{"class":63},[49,123612,1129],{"class":94},[49,123614,91],{"class":63},[49,123616,40683],{"class":94},[49,123618,108],{"class":63},[49,123620,347],{"class":346},[49,123622,308],{"class":350},[49,123624,347],{"class":346},[49,123626,1182],{"class":63},[528,123628,36627,123630,8135,123632,2310,123635],{"id":123629},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123631,56572],{},[15,123633,123634],{},"find()",[15,123636,58250],{},[20,123638,120,123639,123641,123642,91],{},[15,123640,56572],{}," when you need the ",[30,123643,123644],{},"number of matches",[20,123646,120,123647,123641,123652,123654],{},[308,123648,123650],{"href":123649},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123651,123634],{},[30,123653,64230],{}," of the first match.",[20,123656,120,123657,123662],{},[308,123658,123660],{"href":123659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123661,58250],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[528,123664,123666],{"id":123665},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123668,123669,123671],{},[15,123670,56572],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123673,761],{},[40,123675,123677],{"className":42,"code":123676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123678,123679,123692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123680,123681,123683,123685,123687,123690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123682,1114],{"class":55},[49,123684,60],{"class":59},[49,123686,357],{"class":346},[49,123688,123689],{"class":350},"aaaa",[49,123691,1124],{"class":346},[49,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123711,123713],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123695,105],{"class":104},[49,123697,108],{"class":63},[49,123699,1129],{"class":94},[49,123701,91],{"class":63},[49,123703,40683],{"class":94},[49,123705,108],{"class":63},[49,123707,347],{"class":346},[49,123709,123710],{"class":350},"aa",[49,123712,347],{"class":346},[49,123714,1182],{"class":63},[20,123716,275],{},[40,123718,123719],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123720,123721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123722,123723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123724,16479],{"class":67},[20,123726,123727,123728,91],{},"It does not return ",[15,123729,1494],{},[20,123731,123732],{},"Why not?",[20,123734,123735],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[137,123737,123738,123747],{},[140,123739,123740,123743,123744],{},[15,123741,123742],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123745,123746],{},"0-1",[140,123748,123749,123743,123751],{},[15,123750,123742],{},[15,123752,123753],{},"2-3",[20,123755,123756,123757,91],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123758,123759],{},"1-2",[35,123761,740,123762],{"id":57655},[15,123763,56572],{},[20,123765,120,123766,123768],{},[15,123767,56572],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123770,123771],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[137,123773,123774,123783,123793,123803],{},[140,123775,120,123776,123778,123779,123782],{},[15,123777,56572],{}," when you need ",[30,123780,123781],{},"how many times"," something appears",[140,123784,120,123785,123778,123789,123792],{},[308,123786,123787],{"href":123649},[15,123788,123634],{},[30,123790,123791],{},"where"," it appears",[140,123794,47235,123795,123799,123800],{},[308,123796,123797,100885],{"href":122894},[15,123798,3313],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,123801,123802],{},"if it exists",[140,123804,120,123805,123811],{},[308,123806,123808],{"href":123807},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123809,123810],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[35,123813,25365],{"id":25364},[20,123815,8306,123816,123818],{},[15,123817,56572],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[40,123820,123822],{"className":42,"code":123821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123823,123824,123834,123848,123870,123896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123825,123826,123828,123830,123832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123827,105],{"class":104},[49,123829,108],{"class":63},[49,123831,1129],{"class":94},[49,123833,272],{"class":63},[49,123835,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,123837,105],{"class":104},[49,123839,108],{"class":63},[49,123841,1175],{"class":1174},[49,123843,108],{"class":63},[49,123845,1129],{"class":94},[49,123847,1182],{"class":63},[49,123849,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,123851,105],{"class":104},[49,123853,108],{"class":63},[49,123855,1129],{"class":94},[49,123857,91],{"class":63},[49,123859,40683],{"class":94},[49,123861,108],{"class":63},[49,123863,347],{"class":346},[49,123865,308],{"class":350},[49,123867,347],{"class":346},[49,123869,1182],{"class":63},[49,123871,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,123873,105],{"class":104},[49,123875,108],{"class":63},[49,123877,1129],{"class":94},[49,123879,91],{"class":63},[49,123881,8071],{"class":94},[49,123883,8068],{"class":63},[49,123885,40683],{"class":94},[49,123887,108],{"class":63},[49,123889,347],{"class":346},[49,123891,308],{"class":350},[49,123893,347],{"class":346},[49,123895,1182],{"class":63},[49,123897,123898,123900,123902,123904,123906,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,123899,105],{"class":104},[49,123901,108],{"class":63},[49,123903,1129],{"class":94},[49,123905,91],{"class":63},[49,123907,40683],{"class":94},[49,123909,108],{"class":63},[49,123911,347],{"class":346},[49,123913,122732],{"class":350},[49,123915,347],{"class":346},[49,123917,1182],{"class":63},[20,123919,123920],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[137,123922,123923,123926,123931,123934],{},[140,123924,123925],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[140,123927,123928,123930],{},[15,123929,1129],{}," not being a string",[140,123932,123933],{},"counting the wrong substring",[140,123935,123936],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,123938,58144],{},[137,123940,123941,123944,123947,123950],{},[140,123942,123943],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[140,123945,123946],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[140,123948,123949],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[140,123951,49917,123952,44053,123954,2310,123956,72595],{},[15,123953,56572],{},[15,123955,123634],{},[15,123957,3313],{},[35,123959,1253],{"id":1252},[528,123961,123963,123964,123966],{"id":123962},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,123965,56572],{}," change the original string?",[20,123968,123969],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[528,123971,14324,123973,123975],{"id":123972},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,123974,56572],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,123977,123978],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[528,123980,4573,123982,123984],{"id":123981},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,123983,56572],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,123986,4579,123987,91],{},[15,123988,1552],{},[528,123990,4601,123992,123994],{"id":123991},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,123993,56572],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,123996,123997],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[528,123999,1257,124001,124003],{"id":124000},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124002,56572],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124005,124006],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[35,124008,1309],{"id":1308},[137,124010,124011,124018,124025,124032,124039],{},[140,124012,124013],{},[308,124014,124015],{"href":123649},[15,124016,124017],{},"Python string find() method",[140,124019,124020],{},[308,124021,124022],{"href":123659},[15,124023,124024],{},"Python string index() method",[140,124026,124027],{},[308,124028,124029],{"href":123366},[15,124030,124031],{},"Python string lower() method",[140,124033,124034],{},[308,124035,124036],{"href":122894},[15,124037,124038],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[140,124040,124041],{},[308,124042,124043],{"href":123807},[15,124044,124045],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1352,124047,124048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":124050},[124051,124052,124054,124057,124058,124059,124060,124063,124064,124072,124073,124074,124086],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":122760,"depth":85,"text":124053},"What the count() method does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":124055},[124056],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":122976,"depth":85,"text":122977},{"id":64690,"depth":85,"text":65473,"children":124061},[124062],{"id":123197,"depth":101,"text":123198},{"id":123285,"depth":85,"text":123286},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":124065},[124066,124068,124069,124071],{"id":123431,"depth":101,"text":124067},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123541,"depth":101,"text":123542},{"id":123629,"depth":101,"text":124070},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123665,"depth":101,"text":123666},{"id":57655,"depth":85,"text":58286},{"id":25364,"depth":85,"text":25365},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":124075},[124076,124078,124080,124082,124084],{"id":123962,"depth":101,"text":124077},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123972,"depth":101,"text":124079},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123981,"depth":101,"text":124081},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123991,"depth":101,"text":124083},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124000,"depth":101,"text":124085},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122633,"description":124087},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124094,"title":124095,"body":124096,"description":125681,"extension":1392,"meta":125682,"navigation":243,"path":125683,"seo":125684,"stem":125685,"__hash__":125686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124097,"toc":125654},[124098,124101,124104,124201,124210,124212,124231,124235,124238,124241,124254,124257,124286,124291,124296,124354,124356,124389,124395,124399,124402,124405,124434,124437,124464,124467,124470,124474,124477,124484,124547,124549,124567,124570,124574,124577,124580,124622,124625,124669,124672,124675,124679,124684,124687,124730,124732,124755,124758,124791,124794,124843,124853,124857,124860,124863,124892,124895,124906,124908,124967,124970,124974,124977,124980,124995,125004,125007,125041,125044,125071,125074,125081,125083,125086,125088,125091,125105,125114,125116,125143,125147,125150,125164,125167,125226,125230,125233,125260,125263,125290,125298,125301,125361,125363,125396,125400,125403,125422,125427,125476,125481,125483,125486,125545,125563,125565,125569,125577,125581,125584,125588,125594,125598,125608,125612,125615,125617,125651],[10,124099,124095],{"id":124100},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124102,124103],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[40,124105,124107],{"className":42,"code":124106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124108,124109,124121,124133,124142,124156,124160,124170,124180,124191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124110,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124112,7308],{"class":55},[49,124114,60],{"class":59},[49,124116,357],{"class":346},[49,124118,4434],{"class":350},[49,124120,1124],{"class":346},[49,124122,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124124,89291],{"class":55},[49,124126,60],{"class":59},[49,124128,2729],{"class":346},[49,124130,34288],{"class":350},[49,124132,29123],{"class":346},[49,124134,124135,124138,124140],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124136,124137],{"class":55},"empty ",[49,124139,60],{"class":59},[49,124141,7313],{"class":346},[49,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124145,1114],{"class":55},[49,124147,60],{"class":59},[49,124149,48329],{"class":1174},[49,124151,108],{"class":63},[49,124153,49671],{"class":67},[49,124155,272],{"class":63},[49,124157,124158],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124159,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124161,124162,124164,124166,124168],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,124163,105],{"class":104},[49,124165,108],{"class":63},[49,124167,7103],{"class":94},[49,124169,272],{"class":63},[49,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,124173,105],{"class":104},[49,124175,108],{"class":63},[49,124177,89308],{"class":94},[49,124179,272],{"class":63},[49,124181,124182,124184,124186,124189],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,124183,105],{"class":104},[49,124185,108],{"class":63},[49,124187,124188],{"class":94},"empty",[49,124190,272],{"class":63},[49,124192,124193,124195,124197,124199],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,124194,105],{"class":104},[49,124196,108],{"class":63},[49,124198,1129],{"class":94},[49,124200,272],{"class":63},[20,124202,124203,124206,124207,124209],{},[30,124204,124205],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124208,47108],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[35,124211,14584],{"id":14583},[137,124213,124214,124217,124220,124223,124228],{},[140,124215,124216],{},"What a string is in Python",[140,124218,124219],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[140,124221,124222],{},"How to create an empty string",[140,124224,124225,124226],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124227,47108],{},[140,124229,124230],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[35,124232,124234],{"id":124233},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124236,124237],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124239,124240],{},"Strings can contain:",[137,124242,124243,124246,124248,124251],{},[140,124244,124245],{},"Letters",[140,124247,55743],{},[140,124249,124250],{},"Spaces",[140,124252,124253],{},"Symbols",[20,124255,124256],{},"Examples of strings:",[40,124258,124260],{"className":42,"code":124259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124261,124262,124270,124278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124263,124264,124266,124268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124265,347],{"class":42752},[49,124267,1121],{"class":42756},[49,124269,1124],{"class":42752},[49,124271,124272,124274,124276],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124273,347],{"class":42752},[49,124275,49671],{"class":42756},[49,124277,1124],{"class":42752},[49,124279,124280,124282,124284],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124281,347],{"class":42752},[49,124283,88433],{"class":42756},[49,124285,1124],{"class":42752},[20,124287,20399,124288,124290],{},[15,124289,49721],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124292,124293,124294,135],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124295,1734],{},[40,124297,124299],{"className":42,"code":124298,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124300,124301,124313,124322,124326,124340],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124302,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124304,1114],{"class":55},[49,124306,60],{"class":59},[49,124308,357],{"class":346},[49,124310,49671],{"class":350},[49,124312,1124],{"class":346},[49,124314,124315,124317,124319],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124316,1650],{"class":55},[49,124318,60],{"class":59},[49,124320,124321],{"class":67}," 123\n",[49,124323,124324],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124325,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124329,105],{"class":104},[49,124331,108],{"class":63},[49,124333,1175],{"class":1174},[49,124335,108],{"class":63},[49,124337,1129],{"class":94},[49,124339,1182],{"class":63},[49,124341,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124343,105],{"class":104},[49,124345,108],{"class":63},[49,124347,1175],{"class":1174},[49,124349,108],{"class":63},[49,124351,1672],{"class":94},[49,124353,1182],{"class":63},[20,124355,275],{},[40,124357,124359],{"className":42,"code":124358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124360,124361,124375],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124362,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124364,2723],{"class":59},[49,124366,2726],{"class":1497},[49,124368,2729],{"class":346},[49,124370,2877],{"class":350},[49,124372,2734],{"class":346},[49,124374,2737],{"class":59},[49,124376,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385,124387],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124378,2723],{"class":59},[49,124380,2726],{"class":1497},[49,124382,2729],{"class":346},[49,124384,1621],{"class":350},[49,124386,2734],{"class":346},[49,124388,2737],{"class":59},[20,124390,124391,124392,91],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[308,124393,124394],{"href":50400},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[35,124396,124398],{"id":124397},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124400,124401],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124403,124404],{},"You can use single quotes:",[40,124406,124408],{"className":42,"code":124407,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124409,124410,124423],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124411,124412,124415,124417,124419,124421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124413,124414],{"class":55},"greeting ",[49,124416,60],{"class":59},[49,124418,2729],{"class":346},[49,124420,1121],{"class":350},[49,124422,29123],{"class":346},[49,124424,124425,124427,124429,124432],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124426,105],{"class":104},[49,124428,108],{"class":63},[49,124430,124431],{"class":94},"greeting",[49,124433,272],{"class":63},[20,124435,124436],{},"Or double quotes:",[40,124438,124440],{"className":42,"code":124439,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124441,124442,124454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124443,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124445,124414],{"class":55},[49,124447,60],{"class":59},[49,124449,357],{"class":346},[49,124451,1121],{"class":350},[49,124453,1124],{"class":346},[49,124455,124456,124458,124460,124462],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124457,105],{"class":104},[49,124459,108],{"class":63},[49,124461,124431],{"class":94},[49,124463,272],{"class":63},[20,124465,124466],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124468,124469],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[35,124471,124473],{"id":124472},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124475,124476],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124478,124479,124480,2310,124482,135],{},"Use either ",[15,124481,5705],{},[15,124483,3204],{},[40,124485,124487],{"className":42,"code":124486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124488,124489,124498,124507,124511,124522,124533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124490,124491,124494,124496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124492,124493],{"class":55},"empty1 ",[49,124495,60],{"class":59},[49,124497,7313],{"class":346},[49,124499,124500,124503,124505],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124501,124502],{"class":55},"empty2 ",[49,124504,60],{"class":59},[49,124506,46920],{"class":346},[49,124508,124509],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124510,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124512,124513,124515,124517,124520],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124514,105],{"class":104},[49,124516,108],{"class":63},[49,124518,124519],{"class":94},"empty1",[49,124521,272],{"class":63},[49,124523,124524,124526,124528,124531],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124525,105],{"class":104},[49,124527,108],{"class":63},[49,124529,124530],{"class":94},"empty2",[49,124532,272],{"class":63},[49,124534,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,124536,105],{"class":104},[49,124538,108],{"class":63},[49,124540,1175],{"class":1174},[49,124542,108],{"class":63},[49,124544,124519],{"class":94},[49,124546,1182],{"class":63},[20,124548,275],{},[40,124550,124551],{"className":42,"code":45194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,124552,124553],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124554,124555,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124556,2723],{"class":59},[49,124558,2726],{"class":1497},[49,124560,2729],{"class":346},[49,124562,2877],{"class":350},[49,124564,2734],{"class":346},[49,124566,2737],{"class":59},[20,124568,124569],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[35,124571,124573],{"id":124572},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124575,124576],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124578,124579],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[40,124581,124583],{"className":42,"code":124582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124584,124585,124596,124601,124608,124612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124586,124587,124589,124591,124594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124588,89291],{"class":55},[49,124590,60],{"class":59},[49,124592,124593],{"class":346}," \"\"\"",[49,124595,88233],{"class":350},[49,124597,124598],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124599,124600],{"class":350},"Welcome to Python\n",[49,124602,124603,124606],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124604,124605],{"class":350},"Have a nice day",[49,124607,42760],{"class":346},[49,124609,124610],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124611,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124613,124614,124616,124618,124620],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124615,105],{"class":104},[49,124617,108],{"class":63},[49,124619,89308],{"class":94},[49,124621,272],{"class":63},[20,124623,124624],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[40,124626,124628],{"className":42,"code":124627,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124629,124630,124642,124647,124655,124659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124631,124632,124634,124636,124639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124633,89291],{"class":55},[49,124635,60],{"class":59},[49,124637,124638],{"class":346}," '''",[49,124640,124641],{"class":350},"Line 1\n",[49,124643,124644],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124645,124646],{"class":350},"Line 2\n",[49,124648,124649,124652],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124650,124651],{"class":350},"Line 3",[49,124653,124654],{"class":346},"'''\n",[49,124656,124657],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124658,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124660,124661,124663,124665,124667],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124662,105],{"class":104},[49,124664,108],{"class":63},[49,124666,89308],{"class":94},[49,124668,272],{"class":63},[20,124670,124671],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124673,124674],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[35,124676,124678],{"id":124677},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124680,1409,124681,124683],{},[15,124682,47108],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124685,124686],{},"Example with a number:",[40,124688,124690],{"className":42,"code":124689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124691,124692,124706,124716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124693,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702,124704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124695,1114],{"class":55},[49,124697,60],{"class":59},[49,124699,48329],{"class":1174},[49,124701,108],{"class":63},[49,124703,45950],{"class":67},[49,124705,272],{"class":63},[49,124707,124708,124710,124712,124714],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124709,105],{"class":104},[49,124711,108],{"class":63},[49,124713,1129],{"class":94},[49,124715,272],{"class":63},[49,124717,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726,124728],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124719,105],{"class":104},[49,124721,108],{"class":63},[49,124723,1175],{"class":1174},[49,124725,108],{"class":63},[49,124727,1129],{"class":94},[49,124729,1182],{"class":63},[20,124731,275],{},[40,124733,124735],{"className":42,"code":124734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124736,124737,124741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124738,124739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124740,46036],{"class":67},[49,124742,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124744,2723],{"class":59},[49,124746,2726],{"class":1497},[49,124748,2729],{"class":346},[49,124750,2877],{"class":350},[49,124752,2734],{"class":346},[49,124754,2737],{"class":59},[20,124756,124757],{},"You can also convert other values:",[40,124759,124761],{"className":42,"code":124760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124762,124763,124777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124764,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124766,105],{"class":104},[49,124768,108],{"class":63},[49,124770,2877],{"class":1174},[49,124772,108],{"class":63},[49,124774,3039],{"class":3281},[49,124776,1182],{"class":63},[49,124778,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787,124789],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124780,105],{"class":104},[49,124782,108],{"class":63},[49,124784,2877],{"class":1174},[49,124786,108],{"class":63},[49,124788,39567],{"class":67},[49,124790,1182],{"class":63},[20,124792,124793],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[40,124795,124797],{"className":42,"code":124796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124798,124799,124807,124829,124833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124800,124801,124803,124805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124802,21050],{"class":55},[49,124804,60],{"class":59},[49,124806,44649],{"class":67},[49,124808,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124810,89291],{"class":55},[49,124812,60],{"class":59},[49,124814,357],{"class":346},[49,124816,88709],{"class":350},[49,124818,347],{"class":346},[49,124820,1885],{"class":59},[49,124822,48329],{"class":1174},[49,124824,108],{"class":63},[49,124826,8731],{"class":94},[49,124828,272],{"class":63},[49,124830,124831],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124832,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124834,124835,124837,124839,124841],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124836,105],{"class":104},[49,124838,108],{"class":63},[49,124840,89308],{"class":94},[49,124842,272],{"class":63},[20,124844,124845,124846,2310,124850,91],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[308,124847,3010,124848,2943],{"href":41598},[15,124849,47108],{},[308,124851,124852],{"href":122564},"how to convert int to string in Python",[35,124854,124856],{"id":124855},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124858,124859],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124861,124862],{},"Both of these are valid:",[40,124864,124866],{"className":42,"code":124865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124867,124868,124880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124869,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124871,543],{"class":55},[49,124873,60],{"class":59},[49,124875,2729],{"class":346},[49,124877,6731],{"class":350},[49,124879,29123],{"class":346},[49,124881,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124883,564],{"class":55},[49,124885,60],{"class":59},[49,124887,357],{"class":346},[49,124889,6731],{"class":350},[49,124891,1124],{"class":346},[20,124893,124894],{},"A common rule is:",[137,124896,124897,124900,124903],{},[140,124898,124899],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[140,124901,124902],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[140,124904,124905],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124907,761],{},[40,124909,124911],{"className":42,"code":124910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124912,124913,124927,124941,124945,124956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124914,124915,124918,124920,124922,124925],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124916,124917],{"class":55},"text1 ",[49,124919,60],{"class":59},[49,124921,357],{"class":346},[49,124923,124924],{"class":350},"It's working",[49,124926,1124],{"class":346},[49,124928,124929,124932,124934,124936,124939],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124930,124931],{"class":55},"text2 ",[49,124933,60],{"class":59},[49,124935,2729],{"class":346},[49,124937,124938],{"class":350},"She said \"hello\"",[49,124940,29123],{"class":346},[49,124942,124943],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,124944,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,124946,124947,124949,124951,124954],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,124948,105],{"class":104},[49,124950,108],{"class":63},[49,124952,124953],{"class":94},"text1",[49,124955,272],{"class":63},[49,124957,124958,124960,124962,124965],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,124959,105],{"class":104},[49,124961,108],{"class":63},[49,124963,124964],{"class":94},"text2",[49,124966,272],{"class":63},[20,124968,124969],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[35,124971,124973],{"id":124972},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,124975,124976],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,124978,124979],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[40,124981,124983],{"className":42,"code":124982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,124984,124985,124990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124986,124987],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124988,124989],{"class":116},"# This will cause an error\n",[49,124991,124992],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,124993,124994],{"class":116},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,124996,124997,124998,34751,125000,125003],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,124999,2734],{},[15,125001,125002],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125005,125006],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[40,125008,125010],{"className":42,"code":125009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125011,125012,125031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125013,125014,125016,125018,125020,125023,125026,125029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125015,1114],{"class":55},[49,125017,60],{"class":59},[49,125019,2729],{"class":346},[49,125021,125022],{"class":350},"It",[49,125024,125025],{"class":33875},"\\'",[49,125027,125028],{"class":350},"s working",[49,125030,29123],{"class":346},[49,125032,125033,125035,125037,125039],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125034,105],{"class":104},[49,125036,108],{"class":63},[49,125038,1129],{"class":94},[49,125040,272],{"class":63},[20,125042,125043],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[40,125045,125047],{"className":42,"code":125046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125048,125049,125061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125050,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125052,1114],{"class":55},[49,125054,60],{"class":59},[49,125056,357],{"class":346},[49,125058,124924],{"class":350},[49,125060,1124],{"class":346},[49,125062,125063,125065,125067,125069],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125064,105],{"class":104},[49,125066,108],{"class":63},[49,125068,1129],{"class":94},[49,125070,272],{"class":63},[20,125072,125073],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125075,125076,125077,91],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[308,125078,125080],{"href":125079},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[35,125082,2261],{"id":2260},[20,125084,125085],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[528,125087,89498],{"id":89497},[20,125089,125090],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[40,125092,125094],{"className":42,"code":125093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125095,125096,125100],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125097,125098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125099,124989],{"class":116},[49,125101,125102],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125103,125104],{"class":116},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125106,125107,125108,8032,125111,125113],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125109,125110],{},"NameError",[15,125112,4434],{}," is not defined.",[20,125115,956],{},[40,125117,125119],{"className":42,"code":125118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125120,125121,125133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125122,125123,125125,125127,125129,125131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125124,7308],{"class":55},[49,125126,60],{"class":59},[49,125128,357],{"class":346},[49,125130,4434],{"class":350},[49,125132,1124],{"class":346},[49,125134,125135,125137,125139,125141],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125136,105],{"class":104},[49,125138,108],{"class":63},[49,125140,7103],{"class":94},[49,125142,272],{"class":63},[528,125144,125146],{"id":125145},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125148,125149],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[40,125151,125153],{"className":42,"code":125152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125154,125155,125159],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125156,125157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125158,124989],{"class":116},[49,125160,125161],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125162,125163],{"class":116},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125165,125166],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[40,125168,125170],{"className":42,"code":125169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125171,125172,125189,125202,125206,125216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125173,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125175,124917],{"class":55},[49,125177,60],{"class":59},[49,125179,2729],{"class":346},[49,125181,125022],{"class":350},[49,125183,125025],{"class":33875},[49,125185,125186],{"class":350},"s good",[49,125188,29123],{"class":346},[49,125190,125191,125193,125195,125197,125200],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125192,124931],{"class":55},[49,125194,60],{"class":59},[49,125196,357],{"class":346},[49,125198,125199],{"class":350},"It's good",[49,125201,1124],{"class":346},[49,125203,125204],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125205,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,125207,125208,125210,125212,125214],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,125209,105],{"class":104},[49,125211,108],{"class":63},[49,125213,124953],{"class":94},[49,125215,272],{"class":63},[49,125217,125218,125220,125222,125224],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,125219,105],{"class":104},[49,125221,108],{"class":63},[49,125223,124964],{"class":94},[49,125225,272],{"class":63},[528,125227,125229],{"id":125228},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125231,125232],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[40,125234,125236],{"className":42,"code":125235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125237,125238,125250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125239,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125241,1114],{"class":55},[49,125243,60],{"class":59},[49,125245,124593],{"class":346},[49,125247,1121],{"class":350},[49,125249,42760],{"class":346},[49,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125253,105],{"class":104},[49,125255,108],{"class":63},[49,125257,1129],{"class":94},[49,125259,272],{"class":63},[20,125261,125262],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[40,125264,125266],{"className":42,"code":125265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125267,125268,125280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125269,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125271,1114],{"class":55},[49,125273,60],{"class":59},[49,125275,357],{"class":346},[49,125277,1121],{"class":350},[49,125279,1124],{"class":346},[49,125281,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125283,105],{"class":104},[49,125285,108],{"class":63},[49,125287,1129],{"class":94},[49,125289,272],{"class":63},[528,125291,4010,125293,618,125295,125297],{"id":125292},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125294,49671],{},[15,125296,49721],{}," are the same type",[20,125299,125300],{},"They are different:",[40,125302,125304],{"className":42,"code":125303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125305,125306,125315,125328,125332,125346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125307,125308,125311,125313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125309,125310],{"class":55},"value1 ",[49,125312,60],{"class":59},[49,125314,124321],{"class":67},[49,125316,125317,125320,125322,125324,125326],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125318,125319],{"class":55},"value2 ",[49,125321,60],{"class":59},[49,125323,357],{"class":346},[49,125325,49671],{"class":350},[49,125327,1124],{"class":346},[49,125329,125330],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125331,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340,125342,125344],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,125335,105],{"class":104},[49,125337,108],{"class":63},[49,125339,1175],{"class":1174},[49,125341,108],{"class":63},[49,125343,84054],{"class":94},[49,125345,1182],{"class":63},[49,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125359],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,125349,105],{"class":104},[49,125351,108],{"class":63},[49,125353,1175],{"class":1174},[49,125355,108],{"class":63},[49,125357,125358],{"class":94},"value2",[49,125360,1182],{"class":63},[20,125362,275],{},[40,125364,125366],{"className":42,"code":125365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125367,125368,125382],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125369,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378,125380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125371,2723],{"class":59},[49,125373,2726],{"class":1497},[49,125375,2729],{"class":346},[49,125377,1621],{"class":350},[49,125379,2734],{"class":346},[49,125381,2737],{"class":59},[49,125383,125384,125386,125388,125390,125392,125394],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125385,2723],{"class":59},[49,125387,2726],{"class":1497},[49,125389,2729],{"class":346},[49,125391,2877],{"class":350},[49,125393,2734],{"class":346},[49,125395,2737],{"class":59},[528,125397,125399],{"id":125398},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125401,125402],{},"This causes a type error:",[40,125404,125406],{"className":42,"code":125405,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125407,125408,125412,125417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125409,125410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125411,124989],{"class":116},[49,125413,125414],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125415,125416],{"class":116},"# age = 10\n",[49,125418,125419],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125420,125421],{"class":116},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125423,125424,125425,135],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125426,47108],{},[40,125428,125430],{"className":42,"code":125429,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125431,125432,125440,125462,125466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125433,125434,125436,125438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125435,21050],{"class":55},[49,125437,60],{"class":59},[49,125439,2017],{"class":67},[49,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452,125454,125456,125458,125460],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125443,89291],{"class":55},[49,125445,60],{"class":59},[49,125447,357],{"class":346},[49,125449,88709],{"class":350},[49,125451,347],{"class":346},[49,125453,1885],{"class":59},[49,125455,48329],{"class":1174},[49,125457,108],{"class":63},[49,125459,8731],{"class":94},[49,125461,272],{"class":63},[49,125463,125464],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125465,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,125467,125468,125470,125472,125474],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,125469,105],{"class":104},[49,125471,108],{"class":63},[49,125473,89308],{"class":94},[49,125475,272],{"class":63},[20,125477,125478,125479,91],{},"For this specific error, see ",[308,125480,89690],{"href":89689},[528,125482,59993],{"id":59992},[20,125484,125485],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[40,125487,125489],{"className":42,"code":125488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125490,125491,125503,125507,125517,125531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125494,1114],{"class":55},[49,125496,60],{"class":59},[49,125498,357],{"class":346},[49,125500,1121],{"class":350},[49,125502,1124],{"class":346},[49,125504,125505],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125506,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,125508,125509,125511,125513,125515],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125510,105],{"class":104},[49,125512,108],{"class":63},[49,125514,1129],{"class":94},[49,125516,272],{"class":63},[49,125518,125519,125521,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,125520,105],{"class":104},[49,125522,108],{"class":63},[49,125524,1175],{"class":1174},[49,125526,108],{"class":63},[49,125528,1129],{"class":94},[49,125530,1182],{"class":63},[49,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,125534,105],{"class":104},[49,125536,108],{"class":63},[49,125538,41203],{"class":104},[49,125540,108],{"class":63},[49,125542,1129],{"class":94},[49,125544,1182],{"class":63},[137,125546,125547,125552,125557],{},[140,125548,125549,45702],{},[15,125550,125551],{},"print(text)",[140,125553,125554,45707],{},[15,125555,125556],{},"print(type(text))",[140,125558,125559,125562],{},[15,125560,125561],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[35,125564,1253],{"id":1252},[528,125566,125568],{"id":125567},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125570,125571,125572,2310,125575,91],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125573,125574],{},"'hello'",[15,125576,63818],{},[528,125578,125580],{"id":125579},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125582,125583],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[528,125585,125587],{"id":125586},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125589,120,125590,2310,125592,91],{},[15,125591,5705],{},[15,125593,3204],{},[528,125595,125597],{"id":125596},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125599,120,125600,125602,125603,125605,125606,91],{},[15,125601,47108],{},", like ",[15,125604,79664],{},", which returns ",[15,125607,41550],{},[528,125609,125611],{"id":125610},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125613,125614],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[35,125616,1309],{"id":1308},[137,125618,125619,125623,125629,125634,125643,125647],{},[140,125620,125621],{},[308,125622,124394],{"href":50400},[140,125624,125625],{},[308,125626,3010,125627,2943],{"href":41598},[15,125628,47108],{},[140,125630,125631],{},[308,125632,125633],{"href":122564},"How to convert int to string in Python",[140,125635,125636],{},[308,125637,125639,125640,736],{"href":125638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125641,125642],{},"format()",[140,125644,125645],{},[308,125646,125080],{"href":125079},[140,125648,125649],{},[308,125650,89690],{"href":89689},[1352,125652,125653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":125655},[125656,125657,125658,125659,125660,125661,125662,125663,125664,125673,125680],{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":124233,"depth":85,"text":124234},{"id":124397,"depth":85,"text":124398},{"id":124472,"depth":85,"text":124473},{"id":124572,"depth":85,"text":124573},{"id":124677,"depth":85,"text":124678},{"id":124855,"depth":85,"text":124856},{"id":124972,"depth":85,"text":124973},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":125665},[125666,125667,125668,125669,125671,125672],{"id":89497,"depth":101,"text":89498},{"id":125145,"depth":101,"text":125146},{"id":125228,"depth":101,"text":125229},{"id":125292,"depth":101,"text":125670},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125398,"depth":101,"text":125399},{"id":59992,"depth":101,"text":59993},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":125674},[125675,125676,125677,125678,125679],{"id":125567,"depth":101,"text":125568},{"id":125579,"depth":101,"text":125580},{"id":125586,"depth":101,"text":125587},{"id":125596,"depth":101,"text":125597},{"id":125610,"depth":101,"text":125611},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124095,"description":125681},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125688,"title":125689,"body":125690,"description":127604,"extension":1392,"meta":127605,"navigation":243,"path":127606,"seo":127607,"stem":127608,"__hash__":127609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125691,"toc":127565},[125692,125698,125703,125711,125713,125780,125782,125794,125803,125808,125812,125829,125831,125896,125898,125910,125915,125917,125945,125966,125969,126008,126010,126018,126022,126026,126030,126038,126041,126082,126084,126092,126095,126152,126154,126162,126166,126171,126215,126217,126225,126234,126238,126243,126291,126293,126301,126307,126309,126313,126325,126330,126409,126411,126431,126435,126439,126479,126481,126489,126493,126536,126538,126546,126550,126590,126592,126600,126604,126660,126662,126670,126676,126678,126682,126692,126759,126761,126774,126781,126824,126826,126834,126838,126841,126897,126899,126907,126910,126912,126989,126991,126999,127008,127010,127014,127018,127020,127042,127045,127092,127096,127135,127137,127145,127147,127189,127196,127201,127263,127265,127277,127283,127288,127337,127339,127358,127364,127366,127385,127387,127478,127480,127486,127493,127499,127505,127510,127519,127526,127534,127536,127562],[10,125693,122639,125695,18],{"id":125694},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125696,125697],{},"endswith()",[20,125699,122644,125700,125702],{},[15,125701,125697],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125704,125705,125706,2310,125708,125710],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125707,3039],{},[15,125709,3105],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[35,125712,1434],{"id":1433},[40,125714,125716],{"className":42,"code":125715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125717,125718,125732,125757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125719,125720,125723,125725,125727,125730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125721,125722],{"class":55},"filename ",[49,125724,60],{"class":59},[49,125726,357],{"class":346},[49,125728,125729],{"class":350},"report.csv",[49,125731,1124],{"class":346},[49,125733,125734,125736,125738,125741,125743,125746,125748,125750,125753,125755],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125735,105],{"class":104},[49,125737,108],{"class":63},[49,125739,125740],{"class":94},"filename",[49,125742,91],{"class":63},[49,125744,125745],{"class":94},"endswith",[49,125747,108],{"class":63},[49,125749,347],{"class":346},[49,125751,125752],{"class":350},".csv",[49,125754,347],{"class":346},[49,125756,1182],{"class":63},[49,125758,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125776,125778],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125760,105],{"class":104},[49,125762,108],{"class":63},[49,125764,125740],{"class":94},[49,125766,91],{"class":63},[49,125768,125745],{"class":94},[49,125770,108],{"class":63},[49,125772,347],{"class":346},[49,125774,125775],{"class":350},".txt",[49,125777,347],{"class":346},[49,125779,1182],{"class":63},[20,125781,275],{},[40,125783,125784],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,125785,125786,125790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125787,125788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125789,3410],{"class":3281},[49,125791,125792],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125793,3471],{"class":3281},[20,125795,120,125796,4801,125798,2310,125800,125802],{},[15,125797,125697],{},[15,125799,3039],{},[15,125801,3105],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[35,125804,127,125806,130],{"id":125805},"what-endswith-does",[15,125807,125697],{},[20,125809,125810,135],{},[15,125811,125697],{},[137,125813,125814,125817,125823,125826],{},[140,125815,125816],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[140,125818,10851,125819,2310,125821],{},[15,125820,3039],{},[15,125822,3105],{},[140,125824,125825],{},"Does not change the original string",[140,125827,125828],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125830,761],{},[40,125832,125834],{"className":42,"code":125833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125835,125836,125848,125852,125874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125837,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125839,1114],{"class":55},[49,125841,60],{"class":59},[49,125843,357],{"class":346},[49,125845,59689],{"class":350},[49,125847,1124],{"class":346},[49,125849,125850],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125851,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,125853,125854,125856,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,125855,105],{"class":104},[49,125857,108],{"class":63},[49,125859,1129],{"class":94},[49,125861,91],{"class":63},[49,125863,125745],{"class":94},[49,125865,108],{"class":63},[49,125867,347],{"class":346},[49,125869,59874],{"class":350},[49,125871,347],{"class":346},[49,125873,1182],{"class":63},[49,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892,125894],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,125877,105],{"class":104},[49,125879,108],{"class":63},[49,125881,1129],{"class":94},[49,125883,91],{"class":63},[49,125885,125745],{"class":94},[49,125887,108],{"class":63},[49,125889,347],{"class":346},[49,125891,1121],{"class":350},[49,125893,347],{"class":346},[49,125895,1182],{"class":63},[20,125897,275],{},[40,125899,125900],{"className":42,"code":43597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,125901,125902,125906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125903,125904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125905,3410],{"class":3281},[49,125907,125908],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125909,3471],{"class":3281},[20,125911,125912,125913,91],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[308,125914,124394],{"href":50400},[35,125916,164],{"id":163},[40,125918,125920],{"className":42,"code":125919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,125921,125922],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125925,60457],{"class":55},[49,125927,91],{"class":63},[49,125929,125745],{"class":94},[49,125931,108],{"class":63},[49,125933,125934],{"class":94},"suffix",[49,125936,71],{"class":63},[49,125938,35474],{"class":94},[49,125940,71],{"class":63},[49,125942,64324],{"class":94},[49,125944,272],{"class":63},[137,125946,125947,125952,125959],{},[140,125948,125949,125951],{},[15,125950,125934],{}," is required",[140,125953,125954,618,125956,125958],{},[15,125955,35495],{},[15,125957,52086],{}," are optional",[140,125960,125961,618,125963,125965],{},[15,125962,35495],{},[15,125964,52086],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,125967,125968],{},"Basic example:",[40,125970,125972],{"className":42,"code":125971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125973,125974,125986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125975,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125977,125722],{"class":55},[49,125979,60],{"class":59},[49,125981,357],{"class":346},[49,125983,86179],{"class":350},[49,125985,1124],{"class":346},[49,125987,125988,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,125989,105],{"class":104},[49,125991,108],{"class":63},[49,125993,125740],{"class":94},[49,125995,91],{"class":63},[49,125997,125745],{"class":94},[49,125999,108],{"class":63},[49,126001,347],{"class":346},[49,126003,125775],{"class":350},[49,126005,347],{"class":346},[49,126007,1182],{"class":63},[20,126009,275],{},[40,126011,126012],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126013,126014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126015,126016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126017,3410],{"class":3281},[35,126019,126021],{"id":126020},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[528,126023,126024],{"id":125934},[15,126025,125934],{},[20,126027,126028,30172],{},[15,126029,125934],{},[137,126031,126032,126035],{},[140,126033,126034],{},"A single string",[140,126036,126037],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126039,126040],{},"Single suffix:",[40,126042,126044],{"className":42,"code":126043,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126045,126046,126059],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126047,126048,126050,126052,126054,126057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126049,7308],{"class":55},[49,126051,60],{"class":59},[49,126053,357],{"class":346},[49,126055,126056],{"class":350},"image.png",[49,126058,1124],{"class":346},[49,126060,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075,126078,126080],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126062,105],{"class":104},[49,126064,108],{"class":63},[49,126066,7103],{"class":94},[49,126068,91],{"class":63},[49,126070,125745],{"class":94},[49,126072,108],{"class":63},[49,126074,347],{"class":346},[49,126076,126077],{"class":350},".png",[49,126079,347],{"class":346},[49,126081,1182],{"class":63},[20,126083,275],{},[40,126085,126086],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126087,126088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126089,126090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126091,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126093,126094],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[40,126096,126098],{"className":42,"code":126097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126099,126100,126112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126101,126102,126104,126106,126108,126110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126103,7308],{"class":55},[49,126105,60],{"class":59},[49,126107,357],{"class":346},[49,126109,126056],{"class":350},[49,126111,1124],{"class":346},[49,126113,126114,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126,126128,126131,126133,126135,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145,126148,126150],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126115,105],{"class":104},[49,126117,108],{"class":63},[49,126119,7103],{"class":94},[49,126121,91],{"class":63},[49,126123,125745],{"class":94},[49,126125,4943],{"class":63},[49,126127,347],{"class":346},[49,126129,126130],{"class":350},".jpg",[49,126132,347],{"class":346},[49,126134,71],{"class":63},[49,126136,357],{"class":346},[49,126138,126077],{"class":350},[49,126140,347],{"class":346},[49,126142,71],{"class":63},[49,126144,357],{"class":346},[49,126146,126147],{"class":350},".gif",[49,126149,347],{"class":346},[49,126151,2344],{"class":63},[20,126153,275],{},[40,126155,126156],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126157,126158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126159,126160],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126161,3410],{"class":3281},[528,126163,126164],{"id":35495},[15,126165,35495],{},[20,126167,126168,126170],{},[15,126169,35495],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[40,126172,126174],{"className":42,"code":126173,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126175,126176,126189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126177,126178,126180,126182,126184,126187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126179,1114],{"class":55},[49,126181,60],{"class":59},[49,126183,357],{"class":346},[49,126185,126186],{"class":350},"my_report.csv",[49,126188,1124],{"class":346},[49,126190,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211,126213],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126192,105],{"class":104},[49,126194,108],{"class":63},[49,126196,1129],{"class":94},[49,126198,91],{"class":63},[49,126200,125745],{"class":94},[49,126202,108],{"class":63},[49,126204,347],{"class":346},[49,126206,125752],{"class":350},[49,126208,347],{"class":346},[49,126210,71],{"class":63},[49,126212,79],{"class":67},[49,126214,1182],{"class":63},[20,126216,275],{},[40,126218,126219],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126220,126221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126222,126223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126224,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126226,126227,126228,126230,126231,91],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126229,1494],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126232,126233],{},"\"report.csv\"",[528,126235,126236],{"id":52086},[15,126237,52086],{},[20,126239,126240,126242],{},[15,126241,52086],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[40,126244,126246],{"className":42,"code":126245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126247,126248,126261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126249,126250,126252,126254,126256,126259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126251,1114],{"class":55},[49,126253,60],{"class":59},[49,126255,357],{"class":346},[49,126257,126258],{"class":350},"report.csv backup",[49,126260,1124],{"class":346},[49,126262,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126264,105],{"class":104},[49,126266,108],{"class":63},[49,126268,1129],{"class":94},[49,126270,91],{"class":63},[49,126272,125745],{"class":94},[49,126274,108],{"class":63},[49,126276,347],{"class":346},[49,126278,125752],{"class":350},[49,126280,347],{"class":346},[49,126282,71],{"class":63},[49,126284,3263],{"class":67},[49,126286,71],{"class":63},[49,126288,5437],{"class":67},[49,126290,1182],{"class":63},[20,126292,275],{},[40,126294,126295],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126296,126297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126298,126299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126300,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126302,126303,126304,126306],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126305,126233],{}," and ignores the rest.",[35,126308,315],{"id":314},[20,126310,126311,24931],{},[15,126312,125697],{},[137,126314,126315,126320],{},[140,126316,126317,126319],{},[15,126318,3039],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[140,126321,126322,126324],{},[15,126323,3105],{}," if it does not",[20,126326,126327,126328,6606],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126329,6431],{},[40,126331,126333],{"className":42,"code":126332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126334,126335,126348,126352,126373,126388,126394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126336,126337,126339,126341,126343,126346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126338,125722],{"class":55},[49,126340,60],{"class":59},[49,126342,357],{"class":346},[49,126344,126345],{"class":350},"data.csv",[49,126347,1124],{"class":346},[49,126349,126350],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126351,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,126353,126354,126356,126359,126361,126363,126365,126367,126369,126371],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,126355,6431],{"class":3306},[49,126357,126358],{"class":55}," filename",[49,126360,91],{"class":63},[49,126362,125745],{"class":94},[49,126364,108],{"class":63},[49,126366,347],{"class":346},[49,126368,125752],{"class":350},[49,126370,347],{"class":346},[49,126372,7773],{"class":63},[49,126374,126375,126377,126379,126381,126384,126386],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,126376,7501],{"class":104},[49,126378,108],{"class":63},[49,126380,347],{"class":346},[49,126382,126383],{"class":350},"This is a CSV file.",[49,126385,347],{"class":346},[49,126387,272],{"class":63},[49,126389,126390,126392],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,126391,26857],{"class":3306},[49,126393,5826],{"class":63},[49,126395,126396,126398,126400,126402,126405,126407],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,126397,7501],{"class":104},[49,126399,108],{"class":63},[49,126401,347],{"class":346},[49,126403,126404],{"class":350},"This is not a CSV file.",[49,126406,347],{"class":346},[49,126408,272],{"class":63},[20,126410,275],{},[40,126412,126414],{"className":42,"code":126413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126415,126416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126427,126429],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126419,49304],{"class":55},[49,126421,11617],{"class":59},[49,126423,43968],{"class":55},[49,126425,126426],{"class":33875},"CSV",[49,126428,85920],{"class":85919},[49,126430,121671],{"class":63},[35,126432,126434],{"id":126433},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[528,126436,126438],{"id":126437},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[40,126440,126442],{"className":42,"code":126441,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126443,126444,126457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126445,126446,126448,126450,126452,126455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126447,125722],{"class":55},[49,126449,60],{"class":59},[49,126451,357],{"class":346},[49,126453,126454],{"class":350},"sales.csv",[49,126456,1124],{"class":346},[49,126458,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471,126473,126475,126477],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126460,105],{"class":104},[49,126462,108],{"class":63},[49,126464,125740],{"class":94},[49,126466,91],{"class":63},[49,126468,125745],{"class":94},[49,126470,108],{"class":63},[49,126472,347],{"class":346},[49,126474,125752],{"class":350},[49,126476,347],{"class":346},[49,126478,1182],{"class":63},[20,126480,275],{},[40,126482,126483],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126484,126485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126486,126487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126488,3410],{"class":3281},[528,126490,126492],{"id":126491},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[40,126494,126496],{"className":42,"code":126495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126497,126498,126512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126499,126500,126503,126505,126507,126510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126501,126502],{"class":55},"url ",[49,126504,60],{"class":59},[49,126506,357],{"class":346},[49,126508,126509],{"class":350},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[49,126511,1124],{"class":346},[49,126513,126514,126516,126518,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126532,126534],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126515,105],{"class":104},[49,126517,108],{"class":63},[49,126519,126520],{"class":94},"url",[49,126522,91],{"class":63},[49,126524,125745],{"class":94},[49,126526,108],{"class":63},[49,126528,347],{"class":346},[49,126530,126531],{"class":350},"\u002F",[49,126533,347],{"class":346},[49,126535,1182],{"class":63},[20,126537,275],{},[40,126539,126540],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126541,126542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126543,126544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126545,3410],{"class":3281},[528,126547,126549],{"id":126548},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[40,126551,126553],{"className":42,"code":126552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126554,126555,126568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126566],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126558,89291],{"class":55},[49,126560,60],{"class":59},[49,126562,357],{"class":346},[49,126564,126565],{"class":350},"Hello!",[49,126567,1124],{"class":346},[49,126569,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126571,105],{"class":104},[49,126573,108],{"class":63},[49,126575,89308],{"class":94},[49,126577,91],{"class":63},[49,126579,125745],{"class":94},[49,126581,108],{"class":63},[49,126583,347],{"class":346},[49,126585,89132],{"class":350},[49,126587,347],{"class":346},[49,126589,1182],{"class":63},[20,126591,275],{},[40,126593,126594],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126595,126596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126597,126598],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126599,3410],{"class":3281},[528,126601,126603],{"id":126602},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[40,126605,126607],{"className":42,"code":126606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126608,126609,126622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126610,126611,126613,126615,126617,126620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126612,125722],{"class":55},[49,126614,60],{"class":59},[49,126616,357],{"class":346},[49,126618,126619],{"class":350},"photo.jpg",[49,126621,1124],{"class":346},[49,126623,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126625,105],{"class":104},[49,126627,108],{"class":63},[49,126629,125740],{"class":94},[49,126631,91],{"class":63},[49,126633,125745],{"class":94},[49,126635,4943],{"class":63},[49,126637,347],{"class":346},[49,126639,126130],{"class":350},[49,126641,347],{"class":346},[49,126643,71],{"class":63},[49,126645,357],{"class":346},[49,126647,126077],{"class":350},[49,126649,347],{"class":346},[49,126651,71],{"class":63},[49,126653,357],{"class":346},[49,126655,126147],{"class":350},[49,126657,347],{"class":346},[49,126659,2344],{"class":63},[20,126661,275],{},[40,126663,126664],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126665,126666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126667,126668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126669,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126671,126672,126673,91],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[308,126674,126675],{"href":122894},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[35,126677,123286],{"id":123285},[20,126679,126680,123097],{},[15,126681,125697],{},[20,126683,126684,126685,618,126688,126691],{},"That means ",[15,126686,126687],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126689,126690],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[40,126693,126695],{"className":42,"code":126694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126696,126697,126710,126714,126736],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126700,125722],{"class":55},[49,126702,60],{"class":59},[49,126704,357],{"class":346},[49,126706,126707],{"class":350},"REPORT.CSV",[49,126709,1124],{"class":346},[49,126711,126712],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126713,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,126715,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,126717,105],{"class":104},[49,126719,108],{"class":63},[49,126721,125740],{"class":94},[49,126723,91],{"class":63},[49,126725,125745],{"class":94},[49,126727,108],{"class":63},[49,126729,347],{"class":346},[49,126731,125752],{"class":350},[49,126733,347],{"class":346},[49,126735,1182],{"class":63},[49,126737,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126755,126757],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,126739,105],{"class":104},[49,126741,108],{"class":63},[49,126743,125740],{"class":94},[49,126745,91],{"class":63},[49,126747,125745],{"class":94},[49,126749,108],{"class":63},[49,126751,347],{"class":346},[49,126753,126754],{"class":350},".CSV",[49,126756,347],{"class":346},[49,126758,1182],{"class":63},[20,126760,275],{},[40,126762,126764],{"className":42,"code":126763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126765,126766,126770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126767,126768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126769,3471],{"class":3281},[49,126771,126772],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126773,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126775,126776,126777,91],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[308,126778,126779],{"href":123366},[15,126780,123369],{},[40,126782,126784],{"className":42,"code":126783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126785,126786,126798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126787,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126789,125722],{"class":55},[49,126791,60],{"class":59},[49,126793,357],{"class":346},[49,126795,126707],{"class":350},[49,126797,1124],{"class":346},[49,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126801,105],{"class":104},[49,126803,108],{"class":63},[49,126805,125740],{"class":94},[49,126807,91],{"class":63},[49,126809,8071],{"class":94},[49,126811,8068],{"class":63},[49,126813,125745],{"class":94},[49,126815,108],{"class":63},[49,126817,347],{"class":346},[49,126819,125752],{"class":350},[49,126821,347],{"class":346},[49,126823,1182],{"class":63},[20,126825,275],{},[40,126827,126828],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126829,126830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126831,126832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126833,3410],{"class":3281},[35,126835,126837],{"id":126836},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126839,126840],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[40,126842,126844],{"className":42,"code":126843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126845,126846,126859],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126847,126848,126850,126852,126854,126857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126849,125722],{"class":55},[49,126851,60],{"class":59},[49,126853,357],{"class":346},[49,126855,126856],{"class":350},"picture.gif",[49,126858,1124],{"class":346},[49,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126862,105],{"class":104},[49,126864,108],{"class":63},[49,126866,125740],{"class":94},[49,126868,91],{"class":63},[49,126870,125745],{"class":94},[49,126872,4943],{"class":63},[49,126874,347],{"class":346},[49,126876,126130],{"class":350},[49,126878,347],{"class":346},[49,126880,71],{"class":63},[49,126882,357],{"class":346},[49,126884,126077],{"class":350},[49,126886,347],{"class":346},[49,126888,71],{"class":63},[49,126890,357],{"class":346},[49,126892,126147],{"class":350},[49,126894,347],{"class":346},[49,126896,2344],{"class":63},[20,126898,275],{},[40,126900,126901],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126902,126903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126904,126905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126906,3410],{"class":3281},[20,126908,126909],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126911,51505],{},[40,126913,126915],{"className":42,"code":126914,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126916,126917,126930,126965,126969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126918,126919,126922,126924,126926,126928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126920,126921],{"class":55},"document ",[49,126923,60],{"class":59},[49,126925,357],{"class":346},[49,126927,86179],{"class":350},[49,126929,1124],{"class":346},[49,126931,126932,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126952,126954,126956,126958,126961,126963],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,126933,126934],{"class":55},"allowed ",[49,126936,60],{"class":59},[49,126938,8668],{"class":63},[49,126940,347],{"class":346},[49,126942,125775],{"class":350},[49,126944,347],{"class":346},[49,126946,71],{"class":63},[49,126948,357],{"class":346},[49,126950,126951],{"class":350},".md",[49,126953,347],{"class":346},[49,126955,71],{"class":63},[49,126957,357],{"class":346},[49,126959,126960],{"class":350},".docx",[49,126962,347],{"class":346},[49,126964,272],{"class":63},[49,126966,126967],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,126968,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,126970,126971,126973,126975,126978,126980,126982,126984,126987],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,126972,105],{"class":104},[49,126974,108],{"class":63},[49,126976,126977],{"class":94},"document",[49,126979,91],{"class":63},[49,126981,125745],{"class":94},[49,126983,108],{"class":63},[49,126985,126986],{"class":94},"allowed",[49,126988,1182],{"class":63},[20,126990,275],{},[40,126992,126993],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126994,126995],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126996,126997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126998,3410],{"class":3281},[20,127000,127001,127002,91],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[308,127003,125639,127005,736],{"href":127004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127006,127007],{},"startswith()",[35,127009,2261],{"id":2260},[20,127011,7878,127012,91],{},[15,127013,125697],{},[528,127015,127017],{"id":127016},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127019,3956],{},[40,127021,127023],{"className":42,"code":127022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127024,127025,127037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127026,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127028,125722],{"class":55},[49,127030,60],{"class":59},[49,127032,357],{"class":346},[49,127034,126619],{"class":350},[49,127036,1124],{"class":346},[49,127038,127039],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127040,127041],{"class":116},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127043,127044],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[40,127046,127048],{"className":42,"code":127047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127049,127050,127062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127051,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127053,125722],{"class":55},[49,127055,60],{"class":59},[49,127057,357],{"class":346},[49,127059,126619],{"class":350},[49,127061,1124],{"class":346},[49,127063,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127065,105],{"class":104},[49,127067,108],{"class":63},[49,127069,125740],{"class":94},[49,127071,91],{"class":63},[49,127073,125745],{"class":94},[49,127075,4943],{"class":63},[49,127077,347],{"class":346},[49,127079,126130],{"class":350},[49,127081,347],{"class":346},[49,127083,71],{"class":63},[49,127085,357],{"class":346},[49,127087,126077],{"class":350},[49,127089,347],{"class":346},[49,127091,2344],{"class":63},[528,127093,127095],{"id":127094},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[40,127097,127099],{"className":42,"code":127098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127100,127101,127113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127102,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127104,125722],{"class":55},[49,127106,60],{"class":59},[49,127108,357],{"class":346},[49,127110,126707],{"class":350},[49,127112,1124],{"class":346},[49,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127116,105],{"class":104},[49,127118,108],{"class":63},[49,127120,125740],{"class":94},[49,127122,91],{"class":63},[49,127124,125745],{"class":94},[49,127126,108],{"class":63},[49,127128,347],{"class":346},[49,127130,125752],{"class":350},[49,127132,347],{"class":346},[49,127134,1182],{"class":63},[20,127136,275],{},[40,127138,127139],{"className":42,"code":3471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127140,127141],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127142,127143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127144,3471],{"class":3281},[20,127146,38685],{},[40,127148,127149],{"className":42,"code":126783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127150,127151,127163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127154,125722],{"class":55},[49,127156,60],{"class":59},[49,127158,357],{"class":346},[49,127160,126707],{"class":350},[49,127162,1124],{"class":346},[49,127164,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127166,105],{"class":104},[49,127168,108],{"class":63},[49,127170,125740],{"class":94},[49,127172,91],{"class":63},[49,127174,8071],{"class":94},[49,127176,8068],{"class":63},[49,127178,125745],{"class":94},[49,127180,108],{"class":63},[49,127182,347],{"class":346},[49,127184,125752],{"class":350},[49,127186,347],{"class":346},[49,127188,1182],{"class":63},[528,127190,36627,127192,8135,127194],{"id":127191},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127193,125697],{},[15,127195,3313],{},[20,127197,127198,127200],{},[15,127199,125697],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[40,127202,127204],{"className":42,"code":127203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127205,127206,127219,127223,127245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127209,1114],{"class":55},[49,127211,60],{"class":59},[49,127213,357],{"class":346},[49,127215,127216],{"class":350},"my_report.csv.backup",[49,127218,1124],{"class":346},[49,127220,127221],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127222,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,127224,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127226,105],{"class":104},[49,127228,108],{"class":63},[49,127230,1129],{"class":94},[49,127232,91],{"class":63},[49,127234,125745],{"class":94},[49,127236,108],{"class":63},[49,127238,347],{"class":346},[49,127240,125752],{"class":350},[49,127242,347],{"class":346},[49,127244,1182],{"class":63},[49,127246,127247,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,127248,105],{"class":104},[49,127250,108],{"class":63},[49,127252,347],{"class":346},[49,127254,125752],{"class":350},[49,127256,347],{"class":346},[49,127258,20595],{"class":3306},[49,127260,42265],{"class":94},[49,127262,272],{"class":63},[20,127264,275],{},[40,127266,127267],{"className":42,"code":126763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127268,127269,127273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127270,127271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127272,3471],{"class":3281},[49,127274,127275],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127276,3410],{"class":3281},[528,127278,1011,127280,127282],{"id":127279},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127281,125697],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127284,127285,127287],{},[15,127286,125697],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[40,127289,127291],{"className":42,"code":127290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127292,127293,127305,127327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127294,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127296,125722],{"class":55},[49,127298,60],{"class":59},[49,127300,357],{"class":346},[49,127302,125729],{"class":350},[49,127304,1124],{"class":346},[49,127306,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127308,105],{"class":104},[49,127310,108],{"class":63},[49,127312,125740],{"class":94},[49,127314,91],{"class":63},[49,127316,125745],{"class":94},[49,127318,108],{"class":63},[49,127320,347],{"class":346},[49,127322,125752],{"class":350},[49,127324,347],{"class":346},[49,127326,1182],{"class":63},[49,127328,127329,127331,127333,127335],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127330,105],{"class":104},[49,127332,108],{"class":63},[49,127334,125740],{"class":94},[49,127336,272],{"class":63},[20,127338,275],{},[40,127340,127342],{"className":42,"code":127341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127343,127344,127348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127345,127346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127347,3410],{"class":3281},[49,127349,127350,127353,127355],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127351,127352],{"class":55},"report",[49,127354,91],{"class":63},[49,127356,127357],{"class":915},"csv\n",[20,127359,127360,127361,91],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[308,127362,127363],{"href":123807},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127365,65347],{},[137,127367,127368,127371,127374,127377],{},[140,127369,127370],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[140,127372,127373],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[140,127375,127376],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[140,127378,1092,127379,44053,127381,2310,127383,110836],{},[15,127380,125697],{},[15,127382,123810],{},[15,127384,41077],{},[20,127386,29559],{},[40,127388,127390],{"className":42,"code":127389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127391,127392,127402,127416,127438,127464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127393,127394,127396,127398,127400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127395,105],{"class":104},[49,127397,108],{"class":63},[49,127399,1129],{"class":94},[49,127401,272],{"class":63},[49,127403,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127405,105],{"class":104},[49,127407,108],{"class":63},[49,127409,41203],{"class":104},[49,127411,108],{"class":63},[49,127413,1129],{"class":94},[49,127415,1182],{"class":63},[49,127417,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127419,105],{"class":104},[49,127421,108],{"class":63},[49,127423,1129],{"class":94},[49,127425,91],{"class":63},[49,127427,125745],{"class":94},[49,127429,108],{"class":63},[49,127431,2734],{"class":346},[49,127433,125752],{"class":350},[49,127435,2734],{"class":346},[49,127437,1182],{"class":63},[49,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,127441,105],{"class":104},[49,127443,108],{"class":63},[49,127445,1129],{"class":94},[49,127447,91],{"class":63},[49,127449,8071],{"class":94},[49,127451,8068],{"class":63},[49,127453,125745],{"class":94},[49,127455,108],{"class":63},[49,127457,2734],{"class":346},[49,127459,125752],{"class":350},[49,127461,2734],{"class":346},[49,127463,1182],{"class":63},[49,127465,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,127467,105],{"class":104},[49,127469,108],{"class":63},[49,127471,1175],{"class":1174},[49,127473,108],{"class":63},[49,127475,1129],{"class":94},[49,127477,1182],{"class":63},[35,127479,1253],{"id":1252},[528,127481,1257,127483,127485],{"id":127482},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127484,125697],{}," change the string?",[20,127487,127488,127489,2310,127491,91],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127490,3039],{},[15,127492,3105],{},[528,127494,4601,127496,127498],{"id":127495},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127497,125697],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127500,127501,127502,91],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127503,127504],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[528,127506,14324,127508,123975],{"id":127507},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127509,125697],{},[20,127511,127512,127513,2310,127515,127518],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127514,123369],{},[15,127516,127517],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[528,127520,1279,127522,618,127524,1284],{"id":127521},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127523,125697],{},[15,127525,123634],{},[20,127527,127528,127530,127531,127533],{},[15,127529,125697],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127532,123634],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[35,127535,1309],{"id":1308},[137,127537,127538,127544,127550,127554,127558],{},[140,127539,127540],{},[308,127541,125639,127542,736],{"href":127004},[15,127543,127007],{},[140,127545,127546],{},[308,127547,125639,127548,736],{"href":123366},[15,127549,123369],{},[140,127551,127552],{},[308,127553,124038],{"href":122894},[140,127555,127556],{},[308,127557,124045],{"href":123807},[140,127559,127560],{},[308,127561,124394],{"href":50400},[1352,127563,127564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":127566},[127567,127568,127570,127571,127576,127577,127583,127584,127585,127593,127603],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":125805,"depth":85,"text":127569},"What endswith() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":126020,"depth":85,"text":126021,"children":127572},[127573,127574,127575],{"id":125934,"depth":101,"text":125934},{"id":35495,"depth":101,"text":35495},{"id":52086,"depth":101,"text":52086},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":126433,"depth":85,"text":126434,"children":127578},[127579,127580,127581,127582],{"id":126437,"depth":101,"text":126438},{"id":126491,"depth":101,"text":126492},{"id":126548,"depth":101,"text":126549},{"id":126602,"depth":101,"text":126603},{"id":123285,"depth":85,"text":123286},{"id":126836,"depth":85,"text":126837},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":127586},[127587,127588,127589,127591],{"id":127016,"depth":101,"text":127017},{"id":127094,"depth":101,"text":127095},{"id":127191,"depth":101,"text":127590},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127279,"depth":101,"text":127592},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":127594},[127595,127597,127599,127601],{"id":127482,"depth":101,"text":127596},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127495,"depth":101,"text":127598},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127507,"depth":101,"text":127600},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127521,"depth":101,"text":127602},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125689,"description":127604},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127611,"title":127612,"body":127613,"description":129281,"extension":1392,"meta":129282,"navigation":243,"path":129283,"seo":129284,"stem":129285,"__hash__":129286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127614,"toc":129254},[127615,127620,127625,127630,127635,127728,127738,127743,127748,127763,127765,127847,127855,127857,127859,127886,127888,127904,127911,127913,128021,128023,128028,128044,128046,128141,128149,128152,128158,128163,128168,128175,128314,128317,128330,128332,128336,128343,128413,128416,128465,128472,128479,128493,128498,128503,128549,128595,128611,128613,128618,128632,128635,128757,128762,128764,128769,128802,128805,128881,128883,128892,128906,128909,128993,128996,129107,129110,129138,129140,129147,129151,129157,129160,129166,129169,129176,129187,129193,129200,129202,129251],[10,127616,122639,127618,18],{"id":127617},"python-string-find-method",[15,127619,123634],{},[20,127621,122644,127622,127624],{},[15,127623,123634],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127626,127627,127628,91],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127629,65138],{},[20,127631,120,127632,127634],{},[15,127633,123634],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[40,127636,127638],{"className":42,"code":127637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127639,127640,127652,127675,127688,127692,127715],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127641,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127643,1114],{"class":55},[49,127645,60],{"class":59},[49,127647,357],{"class":346},[49,127649,59689],{"class":350},[49,127651,1124],{"class":346},[49,127653,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127655,64203],{"class":55},[49,127657,60],{"class":59},[49,127659,42265],{"class":55},[49,127661,91],{"class":63},[49,127663,127664],{"class":94},"find",[49,127666,108],{"class":63},[49,127668,347],{"class":346},[49,127670,59874],{"class":350},[49,127672,347],{"class":346},[49,127674,272],{"class":63},[49,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127678,105],{"class":104},[49,127680,108],{"class":63},[49,127682,64230],{"class":94},[49,127684,113],{"class":63},[49,127686,127687],{"class":116},"   # 6\n",[49,127689,127690],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,127691,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,127693,127694,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,127695,127696],{"class":55},"missing ",[49,127698,60],{"class":59},[49,127700,42265],{"class":55},[49,127702,91],{"class":63},[49,127704,127664],{"class":94},[49,127706,108],{"class":63},[49,127708,347],{"class":346},[49,127710,44],{"class":350},[49,127712,347],{"class":346},[49,127714,272],{"class":63},[49,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,127718,105],{"class":104},[49,127720,108],{"class":63},[49,127722,26196],{"class":94},[49,127724,113],{"class":63},[49,127726,127727],{"class":116},"    # -1\n",[43003,127729,127730],{},[20,127731,120,127732,127734,127735,127737],{},[15,127733,123634],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127736,65138],{}," if the substring is not found.",[35,127739,127,127741,130],{"id":127740},"what-find-does",[15,127742,123634],{},[20,127744,127745,127747],{},[15,127746,123634],{}," is a string method that:",[137,127749,127750,127753,127756,127761],{},[140,127751,127752],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[140,127754,127755],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[140,127757,10851,127758,127760],{},[15,127759,65138],{}," if no match is found",[140,127762,125825],{},[20,127764,761],{},[40,127766,127768],{"className":42,"code":127767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127769,127770,127782,127786,127810,127834],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127771,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127773,1114],{"class":55},[49,127775,60],{"class":59},[49,127777,357],{"class":346},[49,127779,3519],{"class":350},[49,127781,1124],{"class":346},[49,127783,127784],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127785,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,127787,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127789,105],{"class":104},[49,127791,108],{"class":63},[49,127793,1129],{"class":94},[49,127795,91],{"class":63},[49,127797,127664],{"class":94},[49,127799,108],{"class":63},[49,127801,347],{"class":346},[49,127803,122732],{"class":350},[49,127805,347],{"class":346},[49,127807,4793],{"class":63},[49,127809,56927],{"class":116},[49,127811,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,127813,105],{"class":104},[49,127815,108],{"class":63},[49,127817,1129],{"class":94},[49,127819,91],{"class":63},[49,127821,127664],{"class":94},[49,127823,108],{"class":63},[49,127825,347],{"class":346},[49,127827,1606],{"class":350},[49,127829,347],{"class":346},[49,127831,4793],{"class":63},[49,127833,127727],{"class":116},[49,127835,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,127837,105],{"class":104},[49,127839,108],{"class":63},[49,127841,1129],{"class":94},[49,127843,113],{"class":63},[49,127845,127846],{"class":116},"              # banana\n",[20,127848,705,127849,127852,127853,91],{},[15,127850,127851],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127854,1488],{},[35,127856,164],{"id":163},[20,127858,1592],{},[40,127860,127862],{"className":42,"code":127861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127863,127864],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127865,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127867,60457],{"class":55},[49,127869,91],{"class":63},[49,127871,127664],{"class":94},[49,127873,108],{"class":63},[49,127875,1904],{"class":94},[49,127877,71],{"class":63},[49,127879,35474],{"class":94},[49,127881,71],{"class":63},[49,127883,64324],{"class":94},[49,127885,272],{"class":63},[528,127887,16818],{"id":16817},[137,127889,127890,127894,127899],{},[140,127891,127892,122831],{},[15,127893,1904],{},[140,127895,127896,127898],{},[15,127897,35495],{},": optional starting position",[140,127900,127901,127903],{},[15,127902,52086],{},": optional ending position",[20,127905,127906,618,127908,127910],{},[15,127907,35495],{},[15,127909,52086],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127912,125968],{},[40,127914,127916],{"className":42,"code":127915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127917,127918,127930,127934,127959,127988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127919,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127921,1114],{"class":55},[49,127923,60],{"class":59},[49,127925,357],{"class":346},[49,127927,59689],{"class":350},[49,127929,1124],{"class":346},[49,127931,127932],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,127933,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,127935,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,127937,105],{"class":104},[49,127939,108],{"class":63},[49,127941,1129],{"class":94},[49,127943,91],{"class":63},[49,127945,127664],{"class":94},[49,127947,108],{"class":63},[49,127949,347],{"class":346},[49,127951,59756],{"class":350},[49,127953,347],{"class":346},[49,127955,4793],{"class":63},[49,127957,127958],{"class":116},"        # 4\n",[49,127960,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,127962,105],{"class":104},[49,127964,108],{"class":63},[49,127966,1129],{"class":94},[49,127968,91],{"class":63},[49,127970,127664],{"class":94},[49,127972,108],{"class":63},[49,127974,347],{"class":346},[49,127976,59756],{"class":350},[49,127978,347],{"class":346},[49,127980,71],{"class":63},[49,127982,4036],{"class":67},[49,127984,4793],{"class":63},[49,127986,127987],{"class":116},"     # 7\n",[49,127989,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,127991,105],{"class":104},[49,127993,108],{"class":63},[49,127995,1129],{"class":94},[49,127997,91],{"class":63},[49,127999,127664],{"class":94},[49,128001,108],{"class":63},[49,128003,347],{"class":346},[49,128005,59756],{"class":350},[49,128007,347],{"class":346},[49,128009,71],{"class":63},[49,128011,4036],{"class":67},[49,128013,71],{"class":63},[49,128015,5426],{"class":67},[49,128017,4793],{"class":63},[49,128019,128020],{"class":116},"  # -1\n",[35,128022,37444],{"id":37443},[20,128024,56826,128025,128027],{},[15,128026,123634],{}," is always an integer.",[137,128029,128030,128036,128039],{},[140,128031,128032,128033,128035],{},"A number ",[15,128034,1552],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[140,128037,128038],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[140,128040,128041,128043],{},[15,128042,65138],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128045,761],{},[40,128047,128049],{"className":42,"code":128048,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128050,128051,128063,128067,128092,128117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128052,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128054,1114],{"class":55},[49,128056,60],{"class":59},[49,128058,357],{"class":346},[49,128060,44],{"class":350},[49,128062,1124],{"class":346},[49,128064,128065],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128066,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128068,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128086,128088,128090],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128070,105],{"class":104},[49,128072,108],{"class":63},[49,128074,1129],{"class":94},[49,128076,91],{"class":63},[49,128078,127664],{"class":94},[49,128080,108],{"class":63},[49,128082,347],{"class":346},[49,128084,128085],{"class":350},"py",[49,128087,347],{"class":346},[49,128089,4793],{"class":63},[49,128091,20191],{"class":116},[49,128093,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128111,128113,128115],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128095,105],{"class":104},[49,128097,108],{"class":63},[49,128099,1129],{"class":94},[49,128101,91],{"class":63},[49,128103,127664],{"class":94},[49,128105,108],{"class":63},[49,128107,347],{"class":346},[49,128109,128110],{"class":350},"th",[49,128112,347],{"class":346},[49,128114,4793],{"class":63},[49,128116,56927],{"class":116},[49,128118,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,128120,105],{"class":104},[49,128122,108],{"class":63},[49,128124,1129],{"class":94},[49,128126,91],{"class":63},[49,128128,127664],{"class":94},[49,128130,108],{"class":63},[49,128132,347],{"class":346},[49,128134,21499],{"class":350},[49,128136,347],{"class":346},[49,128138,4793],{"class":63},[49,128140,127727],{"class":116},[20,128142,89194,128143,7886,128145,2310,128147,91],{},[15,128144,123634],{},[15,128146,3039],{},[15,128148,3105],{},[20,128150,128151],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[35,128153,1092,128154,618,128156],{"id":64690},[15,128155,35495],{},[15,128157,52086],{},[20,128159,120,128160,128162],{},[15,128161,35495],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128164,120,128165,128167],{},[15,128166,52086],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128169,1409,128170,74746,128172,128174],{},[15,128171,52086],{},[30,128173,64353],{}," in the search.",[40,128176,128178],{"className":42,"code":128177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128179,128180,128193,128197,128221,128250,128282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128181,128182,128184,128186,128188,128191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128183,1114],{"class":55},[49,128185,60],{"class":59},[49,128187,357],{"class":346},[49,128189,128190],{"class":350},"one two three two",[49,128192,1124],{"class":346},[49,128194,128195],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128196,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128198,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128200,105],{"class":104},[49,128202,108],{"class":63},[49,128204,1129],{"class":94},[49,128206,91],{"class":63},[49,128208,127664],{"class":94},[49,128210,108],{"class":63},[49,128212,347],{"class":346},[49,128214,78555],{"class":350},[49,128216,347],{"class":346},[49,128218,4793],{"class":63},[49,128220,127958],{"class":116},[49,128222,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128224,105],{"class":104},[49,128226,108],{"class":63},[49,128228,1129],{"class":94},[49,128230,91],{"class":63},[49,128232,127664],{"class":94},[49,128234,108],{"class":63},[49,128236,347],{"class":346},[49,128238,78555],{"class":350},[49,128240,347],{"class":346},[49,128242,71],{"class":63},[49,128244,4036],{"class":67},[49,128246,4793],{"class":63},[49,128248,128249],{"class":116},"     # 14\n",[49,128251,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,128253,105],{"class":104},[49,128255,108],{"class":63},[49,128257,1129],{"class":94},[49,128259,91],{"class":63},[49,128261,127664],{"class":94},[49,128263,108],{"class":63},[49,128265,347],{"class":346},[49,128267,78555],{"class":350},[49,128269,347],{"class":346},[49,128271,71],{"class":63},[49,128273,3263],{"class":67},[49,128275,71],{"class":63},[49,128277,5426],{"class":67},[49,128279,4793],{"class":63},[49,128281,50360],{"class":116},[49,128283,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,128285,105],{"class":104},[49,128287,108],{"class":63},[49,128289,1129],{"class":94},[49,128291,91],{"class":63},[49,128293,127664],{"class":94},[49,128295,108],{"class":63},[49,128297,347],{"class":346},[49,128299,78555],{"class":350},[49,128301,347],{"class":346},[49,128303,71],{"class":63},[49,128305,3263],{"class":67},[49,128307,71],{"class":63},[49,128309,1888],{"class":67},[49,128311,4793],{"class":63},[49,128313,128020],{"class":116},[20,128315,128316],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128318,128319,128320,846,128324,91],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[308,128321,128323],{"href":128322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[308,128325,128327,128329],{"href":128326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128328,59814],{}," string method",[35,128331,123286],{"id":123285},[20,128333,128334,123097],{},[15,128335,123634],{},[20,128337,126684,128338,618,128340,128342],{},[15,128339,89702],{},[15,128341,63818],{}," are treated as different text.",[40,128344,128346],{"className":42,"code":128345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128347,128348,128361,128365,128389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128351,1114],{"class":55},[49,128353,60],{"class":59},[49,128355,357],{"class":346},[49,128357,128358],{"class":350},"Hello World",[49,128360,1124],{"class":346},[49,128362,128363],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128364,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128366,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128368,105],{"class":104},[49,128370,108],{"class":63},[49,128372,1129],{"class":94},[49,128374,91],{"class":63},[49,128376,127664],{"class":94},[49,128378,108],{"class":63},[49,128380,347],{"class":346},[49,128382,34288],{"class":350},[49,128384,347],{"class":346},[49,128386,4793],{"class":63},[49,128388,50672],{"class":116},[49,128390,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128392,105],{"class":104},[49,128394,108],{"class":63},[49,128396,1129],{"class":94},[49,128398,91],{"class":63},[49,128400,127664],{"class":94},[49,128402,108],{"class":63},[49,128404,347],{"class":346},[49,128406,1121],{"class":350},[49,128408,347],{"class":346},[49,128410,4793],{"class":63},[49,128412,128020],{"class":116},[20,128414,128415],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[40,128417,128419],{"className":42,"code":128418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128420,128421,128433,128437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128422,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128424,1114],{"class":55},[49,128426,60],{"class":59},[49,128428,357],{"class":346},[49,128430,128358],{"class":350},[49,128432,1124],{"class":346},[49,128434,128435],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128436,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128438,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128440,105],{"class":104},[49,128442,108],{"class":63},[49,128444,1129],{"class":94},[49,128446,91],{"class":63},[49,128448,8071],{"class":94},[49,128450,8068],{"class":63},[49,128452,127664],{"class":94},[49,128454,108],{"class":63},[49,128456,347],{"class":346},[49,128458,1121],{"class":350},[49,128460,347],{"class":346},[49,128462,4793],{"class":63},[49,128464,50672],{"class":116},[35,128466,128468,10018,128470],{"id":128467},"find-vs-index",[15,128469,123634],{},[15,128471,58250],{},[20,128473,128474,618,128476,128478],{},[15,128475,123634],{},[15,128477,58250],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[137,128480,128481,128487],{},[140,128482,128483,320,128485],{},[15,128484,123634],{},[15,128486,65138],{},[140,128488,128489,51920,128491],{},[15,128490,58250],{},[15,128492,40128],{},[20,128494,120,128495,128497],{},[15,128496,123634],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128499,120,128500,128502],{},[15,128501,58250],{}," when the value must exist.",[40,128504,128506],{"className":42,"code":128505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128507,128508,128520,128524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128511,1114],{"class":55},[49,128513,60],{"class":59},[49,128515,357],{"class":346},[49,128517,1121],{"class":350},[49,128519,1124],{"class":346},[49,128521,128522],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128523,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128525,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128527,105],{"class":104},[49,128529,108],{"class":63},[49,128531,1129],{"class":94},[49,128533,91],{"class":63},[49,128535,127664],{"class":94},[49,128537,108],{"class":63},[49,128539,347],{"class":346},[49,128541,1606],{"class":350},[49,128543,347],{"class":346},[49,128545,4793],{"class":63},[49,128547,128548],{"class":116},"   # -1\n",[40,128550,128552],{"className":42,"code":128551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128553,128554,128566,128570],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128555,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128557,1114],{"class":55},[49,128559,60],{"class":59},[49,128561,357],{"class":346},[49,128563,1121],{"class":350},[49,128565,1124],{"class":346},[49,128567,128568],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128569,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128571,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128573,105],{"class":104},[49,128575,108],{"class":63},[49,128577,1129],{"class":94},[49,128579,91],{"class":63},[49,128581,35268],{"class":94},[49,128583,108],{"class":63},[49,128585,347],{"class":346},[49,128587,1606],{"class":350},[49,128589,347],{"class":346},[49,128591,4793],{"class":63},[49,128593,128594],{"class":116},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128596,128597,128598,128602,128603,128605,128606,91],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[308,128599,128600,128329],{"href":123659},[15,128601,58250],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128604,58250],{},", read ",[308,128607,25102,128608],{"href":72766},[15,128609,128610],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[35,128612,40469],{"id":40468},[20,128614,34827,128615,128617],{},[15,128616,123634],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[137,128619,128620,128623,128626,128629],{},[140,128621,128622],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[140,128624,128625],{},"Get the position of a word",[140,128627,128628],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[140,128630,128631],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128633,128634],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[40,128636,128638],{"className":42,"code":128637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128639,128640,128653,128676,128680,128695,128711,128730,128744],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128643,1114],{"class":55},[49,128645,60],{"class":59},[49,128647,357],{"class":346},[49,128649,128650],{"class":350},"name:Alice",[49,128652,1124],{"class":346},[49,128654,128655,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128656,128657],{"class":55},"colon_pos ",[49,128659,60],{"class":59},[49,128661,42265],{"class":55},[49,128663,91],{"class":63},[49,128665,127664],{"class":94},[49,128667,108],{"class":63},[49,128669,347],{"class":346},[49,128671,135],{"class":350},[49,128673,347],{"class":346},[49,128675,272],{"class":63},[49,128677,128678],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128679,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128681,128682,128684,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128683,6431],{"class":3306},[49,128685,128686],{"class":55}," colon_pos ",[49,128688,71876],{"class":59},[49,128690,1655],{"class":59},[49,128692,68],{"class":67},[49,128694,5826],{"class":63},[49,128696,128697,128700,128702,128704,128706,128709],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,128698,128699],{"class":55},"    label ",[49,128701,60],{"class":59},[49,128703,42265],{"class":55},[49,128705,74819],{"class":63},[49,128707,128708],{"class":55},"colon_pos",[49,128710,82],{"class":63},[49,128712,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,128714,26824],{"class":55},[49,128716,60],{"class":59},[49,128718,42265],{"class":55},[49,128720,938],{"class":63},[49,128722,128657],{"class":55},[49,128724,1491],{"class":59},[49,128726,4930],{"class":67},[49,128728,128729],{"class":63},":]\n",[49,128731,128732,128734,128736,128739,128741],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,128733,7501],{"class":104},[49,128735,108],{"class":63},[49,128737,128738],{"class":94},"label",[49,128740,113],{"class":63},[49,128742,128743],{"class":116},"  # name\n",[49,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,128747,7501],{"class":104},[49,128749,108],{"class":63},[49,128751,1904],{"class":94},[49,128753,113],{"class":63},[49,128755,128756],{"class":116},"  # Alice\n",[20,128758,128759,128760,91],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[308,128761,126675],{"href":122894},[35,128763,2261],{"id":2260},[20,128765,128766,128767,135],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128768,123634],{},[137,128770,128771,128780,128786,128791,128797],{},[140,128772,1011,128773,7886,128775,2310,128777,128779],{},[15,128774,123634],{},[15,128776,3039],{},[15,128778,3105],{}," instead of an index",[140,128781,128782,128783,128785],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128784,65138],{}," when the substring is missing",[140,128787,1092,128788,128790],{},[15,128789,123634],{}," without handling case differences",[140,128792,36627,128793,8135,128795],{},[15,128794,123634],{},[15,128796,58250],{},[140,128798,4010,128799,128801],{},[15,128800,123634],{}," changes the string",[20,128803,128804],{},"Example of a mistake:",[40,128806,128808],{"className":42,"code":128807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128809,128810,128822,128826,128846,128861,128867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128813,1114],{"class":55},[49,128815,60],{"class":59},[49,128817,357],{"class":346},[49,128819,1121],{"class":350},[49,128821,1124],{"class":346},[49,128823,128824],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128825,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128827,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128829,6431],{"class":3306},[49,128831,42265],{"class":55},[49,128833,91],{"class":63},[49,128835,127664],{"class":94},[49,128837,108],{"class":63},[49,128839,347],{"class":346},[49,128841,59721],{"class":350},[49,128843,347],{"class":346},[49,128845,7773],{"class":63},[49,128847,128848,128850,128852,128854,128857,128859],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128849,7501],{"class":104},[49,128851,108],{"class":63},[49,128853,347],{"class":346},[49,128855,128856],{"class":350},"Found",[49,128858,347],{"class":346},[49,128860,272],{"class":63},[49,128862,128863,128865],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,128864,26857],{"class":3306},[49,128866,5826],{"class":63},[49,128868,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,128870,7501],{"class":104},[49,128872,108],{"class":63},[49,128874,347],{"class":346},[49,128876,25738],{"class":350},[49,128878,347],{"class":346},[49,128880,272],{"class":63},[20,128882,99200],{},[40,128884,128886],{"className":42,"code":128885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Not found\n",[15,128887,128888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128889,128890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128891,128885],{"class":55},[20,128893,45127,128894,128897,128898,16495,128900,128902,128903,128905],{},[15,128895,128896],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128899,1552],{},[15,128901,1552],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128904,6431],{}," statement.",[20,128907,128908],{},"A safer version is:",[40,128910,128912],{"className":42,"code":128911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128913,128914,128926,128930,128959,128973,128979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,128915,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,128917,1114],{"class":55},[49,128919,60],{"class":59},[49,128921,357],{"class":346},[49,128923,1121],{"class":350},[49,128925,1124],{"class":346},[49,128927,128928],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,128929,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,128931,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128953,128955,128957],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,128933,6431],{"class":3306},[49,128935,42265],{"class":55},[49,128937,91],{"class":63},[49,128939,127664],{"class":94},[49,128941,108],{"class":63},[49,128943,347],{"class":346},[49,128945,59721],{"class":350},[49,128947,347],{"class":346},[49,128949,113],{"class":63},[49,128951,128952],{"class":59}," !=",[49,128954,1655],{"class":59},[49,128956,68],{"class":67},[49,128958,5826],{"class":63},[49,128960,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,128962,7501],{"class":104},[49,128964,108],{"class":63},[49,128966,347],{"class":346},[49,128968,128856],{"class":350},[49,128970,347],{"class":346},[49,128972,272],{"class":63},[49,128974,128975,128977],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,128976,26857],{"class":3306},[49,128978,5826],{"class":63},[49,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,128982,7501],{"class":104},[49,128984,108],{"class":63},[49,128986,347],{"class":346},[49,128988,25738],{"class":350},[49,128990,347],{"class":346},[49,128992,272],{"class":63},[20,128994,128995],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[40,128997,128999],{"className":42,"code":128998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129000,129001,129023,129037,129063,129077],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129004,105],{"class":104},[49,129006,108],{"class":63},[49,129008,1129],{"class":94},[49,129010,91],{"class":63},[49,129012,127664],{"class":94},[49,129014,108],{"class":63},[49,129016,2734],{"class":346},[49,129018,37814],{"class":350},[49,129020,2734],{"class":346},[49,129022,1182],{"class":63},[49,129024,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129026,105],{"class":104},[49,129028,108],{"class":63},[49,129030,41203],{"class":104},[49,129032,108],{"class":63},[49,129034,1129],{"class":94},[49,129036,1182],{"class":63},[49,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,129040,105],{"class":104},[49,129042,108],{"class":63},[49,129044,1129],{"class":94},[49,129046,91],{"class":63},[49,129048,8071],{"class":94},[49,129050,8068],{"class":63},[49,129052,127664],{"class":94},[49,129054,108],{"class":63},[49,129056,2734],{"class":346},[49,129058,37814],{"class":350},[49,129060,2734],{"class":346},[49,129062,1182],{"class":63},[49,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,129066,105],{"class":104},[49,129068,108],{"class":63},[49,129070,10592],{"class":104},[49,129072,108],{"class":63},[49,129074,1129],{"class":94},[49,129076,1182],{"class":63},[49,129078,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,129080,105],{"class":104},[49,129082,108],{"class":63},[49,129084,1129],{"class":94},[49,129086,91],{"class":63},[49,129088,127664],{"class":94},[49,129090,108],{"class":63},[49,129092,2734],{"class":346},[49,129094,37814],{"class":350},[49,129096,2734],{"class":346},[49,129098,71],{"class":63},[49,129100,35474],{"class":94},[49,129102,71],{"class":63},[49,129104,64324],{"class":94},[49,129106,1182],{"class":63},[20,129108,129109],{},"These help you check:",[137,129111,129112,129117,129122,129127,129130],{},[140,129113,129114,129115],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129116,123634],{},[140,129118,129119,129120],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129121,121853],{},[140,129123,129124,129125],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129126,123369],{},[140,129128,129129],{},"The string length",[140,129131,129132,129133,618,129135,129137],{},"Whether your ",[15,129134,35495],{},[15,129136,52086],{}," values are correct",[35,129139,1253],{"id":1252},[528,129141,129143,129144,129146],{"id":129142},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129145,123634],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129148,4579,129149,91],{},[15,129150,65138],{},[528,129152,1257,129154,129156],{"id":129153},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129155,123634],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129158,129159],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[528,129161,129163,129164,123975],{"id":129162},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129165,123634],{},[20,129167,129168],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[528,129170,1279,129172,618,129174,68939],{"id":129171},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129173,123634],{},[15,129175,58250],{},[20,129177,129178,320,129180,129182,129183,51920,129185,91],{},[15,129179,123634],{},[15,129181,65138],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129184,58250],{},[15,129186,40128],{},[528,129188,1296,129190,129192],{"id":129189},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129191,123634],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129194,129195,129196,618,129198,65437],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129197,35495],{},[15,129199,52086],{},[35,129201,1309],{"id":1308},[137,129203,129204,129210,129216,129223,129229,129236,129240,129245],{},[140,129205,129206],{},[308,129207,125639,129208,736],{"href":123659},[15,129209,58250],{},[140,129211,129212],{},[308,129213,125639,129214,736],{"href":128326},[15,129215,59814],{},[140,129217,129218],{},[308,129219,125639,129221,736],{"href":129220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129222,123810],{},[140,129224,129225],{},[308,129226,125639,129227,736],{"href":127004},[15,129228,127007],{},[140,129230,129231],{},[308,129232,125639,129234,736],{"href":129233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129235,125697],{},[140,129237,129238],{},[308,129239,124038],{"href":122894},[140,129241,129242],{},[308,129243,129244],{"href":128322},"How to split a string in Python",[140,129246,129247],{},[308,129248,25545,129249],{"href":72766},[15,129250,128610],{},[1352,129252,129253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":129255},[129256,129258,129261,129262,129263,129264,129266,129267,129268,129280],{"id":127740,"depth":85,"text":129257},"What find() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":129259},[129260],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444},{"id":64690,"depth":85,"text":65473},{"id":123285,"depth":85,"text":123286},{"id":128467,"depth":85,"text":129265},"find() vs index()",{"id":40468,"depth":85,"text":40469},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":129269},[129270,129272,129274,129276,129278],{"id":129142,"depth":101,"text":129271},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129153,"depth":101,"text":129273},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129162,"depth":101,"text":129275},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129171,"depth":101,"text":129277},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129189,"depth":101,"text":129279},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127612,"description":129281},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129288,"title":129289,"body":129290,"description":131216,"extension":1392,"meta":131217,"navigation":243,"path":131218,"seo":131219,"stem":131220,"__hash__":131221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129291,"toc":131184},[129292,129297,129302,129305,129307,129383,129387,129415,129423,129427,129432,129436,129453,129455,129522,129526,129548,129556,129558,129561,129585,129588,129602,129604,129689,129693,129705,129708,129712,129718,129768,129772,129789,129798,129801,129809,129812,129861,129865,129890,129893,129948,129952,129964,129970,129974,129980,129985,130052,130056,130082,130085,130096,130098,130165,130169,130194,130201,130205,130210,130217,130225,130227,130279,130283,130301,130303,130348,130352,130367,130370,130380,130387,130389,130393,130396,130407,130409,130469,130473,130501,130504,130510,130515,130518,130522,130566,130569,130607,130610,130618,130620,130625,130629,130632,130680,130683,130686,130742,130746,130751,130754,130803,130805,130854,130860,130865,130867,130914,130918,130931,130933,130984,130990,130993,130997,131000,131006,131011,131013,131016,131088,131091,131108,131110,131115,131118,131122,131128,131134,131141,131147,131153,131155,131181],[10,129293,122639,129295,18],{"id":129294},"python-string-format-method",[15,129296,125642],{},[20,129298,122644,129299,129301],{},[15,129300,125642],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129303,129304],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[35,129306,1434],{"id":1433},[40,129308,129310],{"className":42,"code":129309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129311,129312,129324,129332,129336,129373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129313,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129315,7308],{"class":55},[49,129317,60],{"class":59},[49,129319,357],{"class":346},[49,129321,10933],{"class":350},[49,129323,1124],{"class":346},[49,129325,129326,129328,129330],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129327,21050],{"class":55},[49,129329,60],{"class":59},[49,129331,88083],{"class":67},[49,129333,129334],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,129335,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,129337,129338,129340,129342,129344,129347,129349,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,129339,89291],{"class":55},[49,129341,60],{"class":59},[49,129343,357],{"class":346},[49,129345,129346],{"class":350},"My name is ",[49,129348,3221],{"class":67},[49,129350,129351],{"class":350}," and I am ",[49,129353,3221],{"class":67},[49,129355,121635],{"class":350},[49,129357,347],{"class":346},[49,129359,91],{"class":63},[49,129361,129362],{"class":94},"format",[49,129364,108],{"class":63},[49,129366,7103],{"class":94},[49,129368,71],{"class":63},[49,129370,8620],{"class":94},[49,129372,272],{"class":63},[49,129374,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,129376,105],{"class":104},[49,129378,108],{"class":63},[49,129380,89308],{"class":94},[49,129382,272],{"class":63},[20,129384,129385],{},[30,129386,275],{},[40,129388,129390],{"className":42,"code":129389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129391,129392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129393,129394,129397,129399,129402,129405,129408,129411,129413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129395,129396],{"class":55},"My name ",[49,129398,11617],{"class":59},[49,129400,129401],{"class":55}," Maya ",[49,129403,129404],{"class":59},"and",[49,129406,129407],{"class":55}," I am ",[49,129409,129410],{"class":67},"12",[49,129412,121668],{"class":55},[49,129414,121671],{"class":63},[20,129416,120,129417,129419,129420,129422],{},[15,129418,3221],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129421,125642],{}," in the same order.",[20,129424,124391,129425,91],{},[308,129426,124394],{"href":50400},[35,129428,12415,129430,12418],{"id":129429},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129431,125642],{},[20,129433,1409,129434,10840],{},[15,129435,125642],{},[137,129437,129438,129441,129447,129450],{},[140,129439,129440],{},"inserts values into a string",[140,129442,129443,129444,129446],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129445,3221],{}," with given values",[140,129448,129449],{},"returns a new string",[140,129451,129452],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129454,761],{},[40,129456,129458],{"className":42,"code":129457,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129459,129460,129474,129497,129501,129512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129461,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129463,1114],{"class":55},[49,129465,60],{"class":59},[49,129467,357],{"class":346},[49,129469,44325],{"class":350},[49,129471,3221],{"class":67},[49,129473,1124],{"class":346},[49,129475,129476,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129477,129478],{"class":55},"new_text ",[49,129480,60],{"class":59},[49,129482,42265],{"class":55},[49,129484,91],{"class":63},[49,129486,129362],{"class":94},[49,129488,108],{"class":63},[49,129490,347],{"class":346},[49,129492,7112],{"class":350},[49,129494,347],{"class":346},[49,129496,272],{"class":63},[49,129498,129499],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,129500,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,129502,129503,129505,129507,129510],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,129504,105],{"class":104},[49,129506,108],{"class":63},[49,129508,129509],{"class":94},"new_text",[49,129511,272],{"class":63},[49,129513,129514,129516,129518,129520],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,129515,105],{"class":104},[49,129517,108],{"class":63},[49,129519,1129],{"class":94},[49,129521,272],{"class":63},[20,129523,129524],{},[30,129525,275],{},[40,129527,129529],{"className":42,"code":129528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129530,129531,129540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129532,129533,129535,129537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129534,34288],{"class":55},[49,129536,71],{"class":63},[49,129538,129539],{"class":55}," Sam\n",[49,129541,129542,129544,129546],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129543,34288],{"class":55},[49,129545,71],{"class":63},[49,129547,9270],{"class":63},[20,129549,1718,129550,129552,129553,129555],{},[15,129551,1129],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129554,125642],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[35,129557,164],{"id":163},[20,129559,129560],{},"The general form is:",[40,129562,129564],{"className":42,"code":129563,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129565,129566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129567,129568,129570,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129569,347],{"class":42752},[49,129571,129572],{"class":42756},"text {}",[49,129574,347],{"class":42752},[49,129576,91],{"class":63},[49,129578,129362],{"class":94},[49,129580,108],{"class":63},[49,129582,1904],{"class":94},[49,129584,272],{"class":63},[20,129586,129587],{},"Key idea:",[137,129589,129590,129596,129599],{},[140,129591,129592,129593,129595],{},"each ",[15,129594,3221],{}," is a placeholder",[140,129597,129598],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[140,129600,129601],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129603,761],{},[40,129605,129607],{"className":42,"code":129606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129608,129609,129622,129636,129640,129678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129610,129611,129614,129616,129618,129620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129612,129613],{"class":55},"animal ",[49,129615,60],{"class":59},[49,129617,357],{"class":346},[49,129619,36470],{"class":350},[49,129621,1124],{"class":346},[49,129623,129624,129627,129629,129631,129634],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129625,129626],{"class":55},"sound ",[49,129628,60],{"class":59},[49,129630,357],{"class":346},[49,129632,129633],{"class":350},"meow",[49,129635,1124],{"class":346},[49,129637,129638],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,129639,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,129641,129642,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129671,129673,129676],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,129643,129644],{"class":55},"sentence ",[49,129646,60],{"class":59},[49,129648,357],{"class":346},[49,129650,1409],{"class":350},[49,129652,3221],{"class":67},[49,129654,129655],{"class":350}," says ",[49,129657,3221],{"class":67},[49,129659,91],{"class":350},[49,129661,347],{"class":346},[49,129663,91],{"class":63},[49,129665,129362],{"class":94},[49,129667,108],{"class":63},[49,129669,129670],{"class":94},"animal",[49,129672,71],{"class":63},[49,129674,129675],{"class":94}," sound",[49,129677,272],{"class":63},[49,129679,129680,129682,129684,129687],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,129681,105],{"class":104},[49,129683,108],{"class":63},[49,129685,129686],{"class":94},"sentence",[49,129688,272],{"class":63},[20,129690,129691],{},[30,129692,275],{},[40,129694,129696],{"className":42,"code":129695,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129697,129698],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129699,129700,129703],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129701,129702],{"class":55},"The cat says meow",[49,129704,121671],{"class":63},[20,129706,129707],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[35,129709,129711],{"id":129710},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129713,129714,129715,129717],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129716,3221],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[40,129719,129721],{"className":42,"code":129720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129722,129723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129724,129725,129727,129729,129731,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129755,129757,129759,129761,129764,129766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129726,105],{"class":104},[49,129728,108],{"class":63},[49,129730,347],{"class":346},[49,129732,129733],{"class":350},"I like ",[49,129735,3221],{"class":67},[49,129737,618],{"class":350},[49,129739,3221],{"class":67},[49,129741,91],{"class":350},[49,129743,347],{"class":346},[49,129745,91],{"class":63},[49,129747,129362],{"class":94},[49,129749,108],{"class":63},[49,129751,347],{"class":346},[49,129753,129754],{"class":350},"pizza",[49,129756,347],{"class":346},[49,129758,71],{"class":63},[49,129760,357],{"class":346},[49,129762,129763],{"class":350},"pasta",[49,129765,347],{"class":346},[49,129767,1182],{"class":63},[20,129769,129770],{},[30,129771,275],{},[40,129773,129775],{"className":42,"code":129774,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129776,129777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129778,129779,129782,129784,129787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129780,129781],{"class":55},"I like pizza ",[49,129783,129404],{"class":59},[49,129785,129786],{"class":55}," pasta",[49,129788,121671],{"class":63},[20,129790,129791,129792,618,129795,91],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129793,129794],{},"{0}",[15,129796,129797],{},"{1}",[20,129799,129800],{},"This is helpful when:",[137,129802,129803,129806],{},[140,129804,129805],{},"you want to reuse a value",[140,129807,129808],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129810,129811],{},"Example with reused values:",[40,129813,129815],{"className":42,"code":129814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129816,129817,129851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129818,129819,129821,129823,129825,129827,129830,129832,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129820,1114],{"class":55},[49,129822,60],{"class":59},[49,129824,357],{"class":346},[49,129826,129794],{"class":67},[49,129828,129829],{"class":350}," is learning Python. ",[49,129831,129794],{"class":67},[49,129833,129834],{"class":350}," likes coding.",[49,129836,347],{"class":346},[49,129838,91],{"class":63},[49,129840,129362],{"class":94},[49,129842,108],{"class":63},[49,129844,347],{"class":346},[49,129846,19305],{"class":350},[49,129848,347],{"class":346},[49,129850,272],{"class":63},[49,129852,129853,129855,129857,129859],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129854,105],{"class":104},[49,129856,108],{"class":63},[49,129858,1129],{"class":94},[49,129860,272],{"class":63},[20,129862,129863],{},[30,129864,275],{},[40,129866,129868],{"className":42,"code":129867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129869,129870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129871,129872,129875,129877,129880,129882,129885,129888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129873,129874],{"class":55},"Lina ",[49,129876,11617],{"class":59},[49,129878,129879],{"class":55}," learning Python",[49,129881,91],{"class":63},[49,129883,129884],{"class":915}," Lina",[49,129886,129887],{"class":55}," likes coding",[49,129889,121671],{"class":63},[20,129891,129892],{},"Example with changed order:",[40,129894,129896],{"className":42,"code":129895,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129897,129898,129938],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129899,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129901,1114],{"class":55},[49,129903,60],{"class":59},[49,129905,357],{"class":346},[49,129907,129797],{"class":67},[49,129909,82610],{"class":350},[49,129911,129794],{"class":67},[49,129913,91],{"class":350},[49,129915,347],{"class":346},[49,129917,91],{"class":63},[49,129919,129362],{"class":94},[49,129921,108],{"class":63},[49,129923,347],{"class":346},[49,129925,6018],{"class":350},[49,129927,347],{"class":346},[49,129929,71],{"class":63},[49,129931,357],{"class":346},[49,129933,78555],{"class":350},[49,129935,347],{"class":346},[49,129937,272],{"class":63},[49,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,129941,105],{"class":104},[49,129943,108],{"class":63},[49,129945,1129],{"class":94},[49,129947,272],{"class":63},[20,129949,129950],{},[30,129951,275],{},[40,129953,129955],{"className":42,"code":129954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"two comes after one.\n",[15,129956,129957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129958,129959,129962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129960,129961],{"class":55},"two comes after one",[49,129963,121671],{"class":63},[20,129965,129966,129967,129969],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,129968,3221],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[35,129971,129973],{"id":129972},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,129975,129976,129977,91],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,129978,129979],{},"{name}",[20,129981,129982,129983,135],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,129984,125642],{},[40,129986,129988],{"className":42,"code":129987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129989,129990,130042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129991,129992,129994,129996,129998,130000,130002,130005,130008,130010,130012,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036,130038,130040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129993,1114],{"class":55},[49,129995,60],{"class":59},[49,129997,357],{"class":346},[49,129999,129346],{"class":350},[49,130001,129979],{"class":67},[49,130003,130004],{"class":350}," and I live in ",[49,130006,130007],{"class":67},"{city}",[49,130009,91],{"class":350},[49,130011,347],{"class":346},[49,130013,91],{"class":63},[49,130015,129362],{"class":94},[49,130017,108],{"class":63},[49,130019,7103],{"class":8607},[49,130021,60],{"class":59},[49,130023,347],{"class":346},[49,130025,12299],{"class":350},[49,130027,347],{"class":346},[49,130029,71],{"class":63},[49,130031,30807],{"class":8607},[49,130033,60],{"class":59},[49,130035,347],{"class":346},[49,130037,15453],{"class":350},[49,130039,347],{"class":346},[49,130041,272],{"class":63},[49,130043,130044,130046,130048,130050],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130045,105],{"class":104},[49,130047,108],{"class":63},[49,130049,1129],{"class":94},[49,130051,272],{"class":63},[20,130053,130054],{},[30,130055,275],{},[40,130057,130059],{"className":42,"code":130058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130060,130061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130062,130063,130065,130067,130070,130072,130075,130077,130080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130064,129396],{"class":55},[49,130066,11617],{"class":59},[49,130068,130069],{"class":55}," Ana ",[49,130071,129404],{"class":59},[49,130073,130074],{"class":55}," I live ",[49,130076,3313],{"class":59},[49,130078,130079],{"class":55}," Lima",[49,130081,121671],{"class":63},[20,130083,130084],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[137,130086,130087,130090,130093],{},[140,130088,130089],{},"they make code easier to read",[140,130091,130092],{},"they help when a string has many values",[140,130094,130095],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130097,761],{},[40,130099,130101],{"className":42,"code":130100,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130102,130103,130155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130104,130105,130108,130110,130112,130115,130118,130121,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130141,130143,130145,130148,130150,130153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130106,130107],{"class":55},"report ",[49,130109,60],{"class":59},[49,130111,357],{"class":346},[49,130113,130114],{"class":350},"Student: ",[49,130116,130117],{"class":67},"{student}",[49,130119,130120],{"class":350},", Score: ",[49,130122,130123],{"class":67},"{score}",[49,130125,347],{"class":346},[49,130127,91],{"class":63},[49,130129,129362],{"class":94},[49,130131,108],{"class":63},[49,130133,13046],{"class":8607},[49,130135,60],{"class":59},[49,130137,347],{"class":346},[49,130139,130140],{"class":350},"Noah",[49,130142,347],{"class":346},[49,130144,71],{"class":63},[49,130146,130147],{"class":8607}," score",[49,130149,60],{"class":59},[49,130151,130152],{"class":67},"95",[49,130154,272],{"class":63},[49,130156,130157,130159,130161,130163],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130158,105],{"class":104},[49,130160,108],{"class":63},[49,130162,127352],{"class":94},[49,130164,272],{"class":63},[20,130166,130167],{},[30,130168,275],{},[40,130170,130172],{"className":42,"code":130171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130173,130174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130175,130176,130179,130181,130184,130186,130189,130191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130177,130178],{"class":55},"Student",[49,130180,135],{"class":63},[49,130182,130183],{"class":55}," Noah",[49,130185,71],{"class":63},[49,130187,130188],{"class":55}," Score",[49,130190,135],{"class":63},[49,130192,130193],{"class":67}," 95\n",[20,130195,130196,130197,91],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[308,130198,3010,130199,2943],{"href":41598},[15,130200,47108],{},[35,130202,130204],{"id":130203},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130206,130207,130209],{},[15,130208,125642],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130211,130212,130213,130216],{},"A common example is ",[15,130214,130215],{},":.2f",", which means:",[137,130218,130219,130222],{},[140,130220,130221],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[140,130223,130224],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130226,761],{},[40,130228,130230],{"className":42,"code":130229,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130231,130232,130240,130269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130233,130234,130236,130238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130235,39811],{"class":55},[49,130237,60],{"class":59},[49,130239,48701],{"class":67},[49,130241,130242,130244,130246,130248,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130243,1114],{"class":55},[49,130245,60],{"class":59},[49,130247,357],{"class":346},[49,130249,130250],{"class":350},"Price: $",[49,130252,8710],{"class":67},[49,130254,130215],{"class":1497},[49,130256,21725],{"class":67},[49,130258,347],{"class":346},[49,130260,91],{"class":63},[49,130262,129362],{"class":94},[49,130264,108],{"class":63},[49,130266,24572],{"class":94},[49,130268,272],{"class":63},[49,130270,130271,130273,130275,130277],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,130272,105],{"class":104},[49,130274,108],{"class":63},[49,130276,1129],{"class":94},[49,130278,272],{"class":63},[20,130280,130281],{},[30,130282,275],{},[40,130284,130286],{"className":42,"code":130285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130287,130288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130289,130290,130293,130295,130298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130291,130292],{"class":55},"Price",[49,130294,135],{"class":63},[49,130296,130297],{"class":36790}," $",[49,130299,130300],{"class":67},"3.50\n",[20,130302,51505],{},[40,130304,130306],{"className":42,"code":130305,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130307,130308,130318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130309,130310,130313,130315],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130311,130312],{"class":55},"average ",[49,130314,60],{"class":59},[49,130316,130317],{"class":67}," 91.236\n",[49,130319,130320,130322,130324,130326,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130346],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130321,105],{"class":104},[49,130323,108],{"class":63},[49,130325,347],{"class":346},[49,130327,130328],{"class":350},"Average: ",[49,130330,8710],{"class":67},[49,130332,130215],{"class":1497},[49,130334,21725],{"class":67},[49,130336,347],{"class":346},[49,130338,91],{"class":63},[49,130340,129362],{"class":94},[49,130342,108],{"class":63},[49,130344,130345],{"class":94},"average",[49,130347,1182],{"class":63},[20,130349,130350],{},[30,130351,275],{},[40,130353,130355],{"className":42,"code":130354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130356,130357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130358,130359,130362,130364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130360,130361],{"class":55},"Average",[49,130363,135],{"class":63},[49,130365,130366],{"class":67}," 91.24\n",[20,130368,130369],{},"This is useful for:",[137,130371,130372,130374,130377],{},[140,130373,82368],{},[140,130375,130376],{},"averages",[140,130378,130379],{},"percentages",[20,130381,130382,130383,91],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[308,130384,3010,130385,1735],{"href":45873},[15,130386,45876],{},[35,130388,315],{"id":314},[20,130390,130391,91805],{},[15,130392,125642],{},[20,130394,130395],{},"That means you can:",[137,130397,130398,130401,130404],{},[140,130399,130400],{},"save it in a variable",[140,130402,130403],{},"print it directly",[140,130405,130406],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130408,761],{},[40,130410,130412],{"className":42,"code":130411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130413,130414,130445,130455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130415,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130441,130443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130417,89291],{"class":55},[49,130419,60],{"class":59},[49,130421,357],{"class":346},[49,130423,44325],{"class":350},[49,130425,3221],{"class":67},[49,130427,89132],{"class":350},[49,130429,347],{"class":346},[49,130431,91],{"class":63},[49,130433,129362],{"class":94},[49,130435,108],{"class":63},[49,130437,347],{"class":346},[49,130439,130440],{"class":350},"Chris",[49,130442,347],{"class":346},[49,130444,272],{"class":63},[49,130446,130447,130449,130451,130453],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130448,105],{"class":104},[49,130450,108],{"class":63},[49,130452,89308],{"class":94},[49,130454,272],{"class":63},[49,130456,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,130458,105],{"class":104},[49,130460,108],{"class":63},[49,130462,1175],{"class":1174},[49,130464,108],{"class":63},[49,130466,89308],{"class":94},[49,130468,1182],{"class":63},[20,130470,130471],{},[30,130472,275],{},[40,130474,130476],{"className":42,"code":130475,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130477,130478,130487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130479,130480,130482,130484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130481,34288],{"class":55},[49,130483,71],{"class":63},[49,130485,130486],{"class":55}," Chris!\n",[49,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130490,2723],{"class":59},[49,130492,2726],{"class":1497},[49,130494,2729],{"class":346},[49,130496,2877],{"class":350},[49,130498,2734],{"class":346},[49,130500,2737],{"class":59},[20,130502,130503],{},"The original string is not changed.",[35,130505,130507,130509],{"id":130506},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130508,125642],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130511,130512,130514],{},[15,130513,125642],{}," is a string method.",[20,130516,130517],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130519,45464,130520,135],{},[15,130521,125642],{},[40,130523,130525],{"className":42,"code":130524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130526,130527,130540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130528,130529,130531,130533,130535,130538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130530,7308],{"class":55},[49,130532,60],{"class":59},[49,130534,357],{"class":346},[49,130536,130537],{"class":350},"Rita",[49,130539,1124],{"class":346},[49,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130543,105],{"class":104},[49,130545,108],{"class":63},[49,130547,347],{"class":346},[49,130549,44325],{"class":350},[49,130551,3221],{"class":67},[49,130553,89132],{"class":350},[49,130555,347],{"class":346},[49,130557,91],{"class":63},[49,130559,129362],{"class":94},[49,130561,108],{"class":63},[49,130563,7103],{"class":94},[49,130565,1182],{"class":63},[20,130567,130568],{},"Example with an f-string:",[40,130570,130572],{"className":42,"code":130571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130573,130574,130586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130575,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130577,7308],{"class":55},[49,130579,60],{"class":59},[49,130581,357],{"class":346},[49,130583,130537],{"class":350},[49,130585,1124],{"class":346},[49,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130605],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130589,105],{"class":104},[49,130591,108],{"class":63},[49,130593,21716],{"class":1497},[49,130595,42770],{"class":350},[49,130597,8710],{"class":67},[49,130599,7103],{"class":94},[49,130601,21725],{"class":67},[49,130603,130604],{"class":350},"!\"",[49,130606,272],{"class":63},[20,130608,130609],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130611,130612,130613,130615,130616,91],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130614,125642],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[308,130617,88977],{"href":88976},[35,130619,2261],{"id":2260},[20,130621,130622,130623,91],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130624,125642],{},[528,130626,130628],{"id":130627},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130630,130631],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[40,130633,130635],{"className":42,"code":130634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130636,130637,130670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130640,1114],{"class":55},[49,130642,60],{"class":59},[49,130644,357],{"class":346},[49,130646,44325],{"class":350},[49,130648,3221],{"class":67},[49,130650,130651],{"class":67}," {}",[49,130653,89132],{"class":350},[49,130655,347],{"class":346},[49,130657,91],{"class":63},[49,130659,129362],{"class":94},[49,130661,108],{"class":63},[49,130663,347],{"class":346},[49,130665,7112],{"class":350},[49,130667,347],{"class":346},[49,130669,272],{"class":63},[49,130671,130672,130674,130676,130678],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130673,105],{"class":104},[49,130675,108],{"class":63},[49,130677,1129],{"class":94},[49,130679,272],{"class":63},[20,130681,130682],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130684,130685],{},"Fixed version:",[40,130687,130689],{"className":42,"code":130688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130690,130691,130732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130692,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130728,130730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130694,1114],{"class":55},[49,130696,60],{"class":59},[49,130698,357],{"class":346},[49,130700,44325],{"class":350},[49,130702,3221],{"class":67},[49,130704,130651],{"class":67},[49,130706,89132],{"class":350},[49,130708,347],{"class":346},[49,130710,91],{"class":63},[49,130712,129362],{"class":94},[49,130714,108],{"class":63},[49,130716,347],{"class":346},[49,130718,7112],{"class":350},[49,130720,347],{"class":346},[49,130722,71],{"class":63},[49,130724,357],{"class":346},[49,130726,130727],{"class":350},"Lee",[49,130729,347],{"class":346},[49,130731,272],{"class":63},[49,130733,130734,130736,130738,130740],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130735,105],{"class":104},[49,130737,108],{"class":63},[49,130739,1129],{"class":94},[49,130741,272],{"class":63},[528,130743,130745],{"id":130744},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130747,130748,130749,91],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130750,125642],{},[20,130752,130753],{},"Problem:",[40,130755,130757],{"className":42,"code":130756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130758,130759,130793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130760,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130762,1114],{"class":55},[49,130764,60],{"class":59},[49,130766,357],{"class":346},[49,130768,44325],{"class":350},[49,130770,129979],{"class":67},[49,130772,89132],{"class":350},[49,130774,347],{"class":346},[49,130776,91],{"class":63},[49,130778,129362],{"class":94},[49,130780,108],{"class":63},[49,130782,7417],{"class":8607},[49,130784,60],{"class":59},[49,130786,347],{"class":346},[49,130788,7112],{"class":350},[49,130790,347],{"class":346},[49,130792,272],{"class":63},[49,130794,130795,130797,130799,130801],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130796,105],{"class":104},[49,130798,108],{"class":63},[49,130800,1129],{"class":94},[49,130802,272],{"class":63},[20,130804,130685],{},[40,130806,130808],{"className":42,"code":130807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130809,130810,130844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130811,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130813,1114],{"class":55},[49,130815,60],{"class":59},[49,130817,357],{"class":346},[49,130819,44325],{"class":350},[49,130821,129979],{"class":67},[49,130823,89132],{"class":350},[49,130825,347],{"class":346},[49,130827,91],{"class":63},[49,130829,129362],{"class":94},[49,130831,108],{"class":63},[49,130833,7103],{"class":8607},[49,130835,60],{"class":59},[49,130837,347],{"class":346},[49,130839,7112],{"class":350},[49,130841,347],{"class":346},[49,130843,272],{"class":63},[49,130845,130846,130848,130850,130852],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130847,105],{"class":104},[49,130849,108],{"class":63},[49,130851,1129],{"class":94},[49,130853,272],{"class":63},[528,130855,1011,130857,130859],{"id":130856},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130858,125642],{}," to change the original string",[20,130861,130862,130864],{},[15,130863,125642],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130866,130753],{},[40,130868,130870],{"className":42,"code":130869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130871,130872,130886,130904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130873,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130875,1114],{"class":55},[49,130877,60],{"class":59},[49,130879,357],{"class":346},[49,130881,44325],{"class":350},[49,130883,3221],{"class":67},[49,130885,1124],{"class":346},[49,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130889,1129],{"class":55},[49,130891,91],{"class":63},[49,130893,129362],{"class":94},[49,130895,108],{"class":63},[49,130897,347],{"class":346},[49,130899,7112],{"class":350},[49,130901,347],{"class":346},[49,130903,272],{"class":63},[49,130905,130906,130908,130910,130912],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,130907,105],{"class":104},[49,130909,108],{"class":63},[49,130911,1129],{"class":94},[49,130913,272],{"class":63},[20,130915,130916],{},[30,130917,275],{},[40,130919,130921],{"className":42,"code":130920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, {}\n",[15,130922,130923],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130924,130925,130927,130929],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130926,34288],{"class":55},[49,130928,71],{"class":63},[49,130930,9270],{"class":63},[20,130932,130685],{},[40,130934,130936],{"className":42,"code":130935,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130937,130938,130952,130974],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130939,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130941,1114],{"class":55},[49,130943,60],{"class":59},[49,130945,357],{"class":346},[49,130947,44325],{"class":350},[49,130949,3221],{"class":67},[49,130951,1124],{"class":346},[49,130953,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,130955,1114],{"class":55},[49,130957,60],{"class":59},[49,130959,42265],{"class":55},[49,130961,91],{"class":63},[49,130963,129362],{"class":94},[49,130965,108],{"class":63},[49,130967,347],{"class":346},[49,130969,7112],{"class":350},[49,130971,347],{"class":346},[49,130973,272],{"class":63},[49,130975,130976,130978,130980,130982],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,130977,105],{"class":104},[49,130979,108],{"class":63},[49,130981,1129],{"class":94},[49,130983,272],{"class":63},[528,130985,4135,130987,130989],{"id":130986},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,130988,125642],{}," returns a new string",[20,130991,130992],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[528,130994,130996],{"id":130995},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,130998,130999],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131001,131002,131003,131005],{},"Use simple ",[15,131004,3221],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131007,131008,131009,91],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[308,131010,89690],{"href":89689},[35,131012,67179],{"id":67178},[20,131014,131015],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[40,131017,131019],{"className":42,"code":131018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131020,131021,131031,131045,131074],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131022,131023,131025,131027,131029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131024,105],{"class":104},[49,131026,108],{"class":63},[49,131028,1129],{"class":94},[49,131030,272],{"class":63},[49,131032,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131034,105],{"class":104},[49,131036,108],{"class":63},[49,131038,1175],{"class":1174},[49,131040,108],{"class":63},[49,131042,1904],{"class":94},[49,131044,1182],{"class":63},[49,131046,131047,131049,131051,131053,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131048,105],{"class":104},[49,131050,108],{"class":63},[49,131052,347],{"class":346},[49,131054,131055],{"class":350},"Hello ",[49,131057,3221],{"class":67},[49,131059,347],{"class":346},[49,131061,91],{"class":63},[49,131063,129362],{"class":94},[49,131065,108],{"class":63},[49,131067,347],{"class":346},[49,131069,7112],{"class":350},[49,131071,347],{"class":346},[49,131073,1182],{"class":63},[49,131075,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131077,31575],{"class":104},[49,131079,108],{"class":63},[49,131081,2877],{"class":1174},[49,131083,91],{"class":63},[49,131085,129362],{"class":915},[49,131087,272],{"class":63},[20,131089,131090],{},"Use them to check:",[137,131092,131093,131096,131099,131102],{},[140,131094,131095],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[140,131097,131098],{},"what type your value has",[140,131100,131101],{},"whether a small test example works",[140,131103,131104,131105],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131106,131107],{},"str.format",[35,131109,1253],{"id":1252},[528,131111,129143,131113,12137],{"id":131112},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131114,125642],{},[20,131116,131117],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[528,131119,131121],{"id":131120},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131123,131124,131125,131127],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131126,3221],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[528,131129,131131,131132,1284],{"id":131130},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131133,125642],{},[20,131135,131136,131137,131140],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131138,131139],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[528,131142,14324,131144,131146],{"id":131143},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131145,125642],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131148,131149,131150,131152],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131151,125642],{}," is still useful and common.",[35,131154,1309],{"id":1308},[137,131156,131157,131161,131165,131171,131177],{},[140,131158,131159],{},[308,131160,124394],{"href":50400},[140,131162,131163],{},[308,131164,89967],{"href":88976},[140,131166,131167],{},[308,131168,3010,131169,2943],{"href":45873},[15,131170,45876],{},[140,131172,131173],{},[308,131174,3010,131175,2943],{"href":41598},[15,131176,47108],{},[140,131178,131179],{},[308,131180,89690],{"href":89689},[1352,131182,131183],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":131185},[131186,131187,131189,131190,131191,131192,131193,131194,131196,131205,131206,131215],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":129429,"depth":85,"text":131188},"What the format() method does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":129710,"depth":85,"text":129711},{"id":129972,"depth":85,"text":129973},{"id":130203,"depth":85,"text":130204},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":130506,"depth":85,"text":131195},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":131197},[131198,131199,131200,131202,131204],{"id":130627,"depth":101,"text":130628},{"id":130744,"depth":101,"text":130745},{"id":130856,"depth":101,"text":131201},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130986,"depth":101,"text":131203},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130995,"depth":101,"text":130996},{"id":67178,"depth":85,"text":67179},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":131207},[131208,131210,131211,131213],{"id":131112,"depth":101,"text":131209},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131120,"depth":101,"text":131121},{"id":131130,"depth":101,"text":131212},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131143,"depth":101,"text":131214},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129289,"description":131216},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131223,"title":131224,"body":131225,"description":132705,"extension":1392,"meta":132706,"navigation":243,"path":132707,"seo":132708,"stem":132709,"__hash__":132710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131226,"toc":132677},[131227,131232,131237,131242,131244,131306,131313,131319,131324,131326,131342,131344,131415,131417,131431,131434,131484,131486,131488,131515,131518,131533,131536,131577,131580,131625,131632,131681,131683,131691,131693,131711,131713,131806,131814,131855,131860,131867,131873,131880,131883,131887,131988,131990,132012,132016,132069,132072,132075,132081,132088,132090,132129,132131,132149,132159,132166,132249,132252,132259,132266,132273,132277,132285,132331,132335,132344,132409,132414,132419,132430,132432,132437,132464,132466,132569,132572,132592,132594,132599,132602,132606,132610,132617,132626,132632,132635,132641,132643,132645,132674],[10,131228,122639,131230,18],{"id":131229},"python-string-index-method",[15,131231,58250],{},[20,131233,122644,131234,131236],{},[15,131235,58250],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131238,131239,131240,91],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131241,40128],{},[35,131243,1434],{"id":1433},[40,131245,131247],{"className":42,"code":131246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131248,131249,131261,131283,131293,131297,131301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131250,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131252,1114],{"class":55},[49,131254,60],{"class":59},[49,131256,357],{"class":346},[49,131258,59689],{"class":350},[49,131260,1124],{"class":346},[49,131262,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131264,64203],{"class":55},[49,131266,60],{"class":59},[49,131268,42265],{"class":55},[49,131270,91],{"class":63},[49,131272,35268],{"class":94},[49,131274,108],{"class":63},[49,131276,347],{"class":346},[49,131278,59874],{"class":350},[49,131280,347],{"class":346},[49,131282,272],{"class":63},[49,131284,131285,131287,131289,131291],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131286,105],{"class":104},[49,131288,108],{"class":63},[49,131290,64230],{"class":94},[49,131292,272],{"class":63},[49,131294,131295],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131296,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,131298,131299],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,131300,90108],{"class":116},[49,131302,131303],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,131304,131305],{"class":116},"# 6\n",[20,131307,120,131308,131310,131311,91],{},[15,131309,58250],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131312,40128],{},[35,131314,127,131316,130],{"id":131315},"what-strindex-does",[15,131317,131318],{},"str.index()",[20,131320,131321,131323],{},[15,131322,131318],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131325,12471],{},[137,131327,131328,131331,131334,131337],{},[140,131329,131330],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[140,131332,131333],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[140,131335,131336],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[140,131338,29717,131339,131341],{},[15,131340,40128],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131343,761],{},[40,131345,131347],{"className":42,"code":131346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131348,131349,131361,131365,131390],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131350,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131352,1114],{"class":55},[49,131354,60],{"class":59},[49,131356,357],{"class":346},[49,131358,3519],{"class":350},[49,131360,1124],{"class":346},[49,131362,131363],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131364,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,131366,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131368,105],{"class":104},[49,131370,108],{"class":63},[49,131372,1129],{"class":94},[49,131374,91],{"class":63},[49,131376,35268],{"class":94},[49,131378,108],{"class":63},[49,131380,347],{"class":346},[49,131382,308],{"class":350},[49,131384,347],{"class":346},[49,131386,4793],{"class":63},[49,131388,131389],{"class":116},"     # 1\n",[49,131391,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131393,105],{"class":104},[49,131395,108],{"class":63},[49,131397,1129],{"class":94},[49,131399,91],{"class":63},[49,131401,35268],{"class":94},[49,131403,108],{"class":63},[49,131405,347],{"class":346},[49,131407,122732],{"class":350},[49,131409,347],{"class":346},[49,131411,4793],{"class":63},[49,131413,131414],{"class":116},"    # 2\n",[20,131416,1611],{},[137,131418,131419,131425],{},[140,131420,131421,127852,131423],{},[15,131422,17518],{},[15,131424,68],{},[140,131426,131427,127852,131429],{},[15,131428,127851],{},[15,131430,1488],{},[20,131432,131433],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[40,131435,131437],{"className":42,"code":131436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131438,131439,131451,131455,131479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131440,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131442,1114],{"class":55},[49,131444,60],{"class":59},[49,131446,357],{"class":346},[49,131448,34288],{"class":350},[49,131450,1124],{"class":346},[49,131452,131453],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131454,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,131456,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131458,105],{"class":104},[49,131460,108],{"class":63},[49,131462,1129],{"class":94},[49,131464,91],{"class":63},[49,131466,35268],{"class":94},[49,131468,108],{"class":63},[49,131470,347],{"class":346},[49,131472,50616],{"class":350},[49,131474,347],{"class":346},[49,131476,4793],{"class":63},[49,131478,20191],{"class":116},[49,131480,131481],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131482,131483],{"class":116},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[35,131485,164],{"id":163},[20,131487,1592],{},[40,131489,131491],{"className":42,"code":131490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131492,131493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131494,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131496,60457],{"class":55},[49,131498,91],{"class":63},[49,131500,35268],{"class":94},[49,131502,108],{"class":63},[49,131504,1904],{"class":94},[49,131506,71],{"class":63},[49,131508,35474],{"class":94},[49,131510,71],{"class":63},[49,131512,64324],{"class":94},[49,131514,272],{"class":63},[20,131516,131517],{},"Parameters:",[137,131519,131520,131524,131528],{},[140,131521,131522,122831],{},[15,131523,1904],{},[140,131525,131526,127898],{},[15,131527,35495],{},[140,131529,131530,131532],{},[15,131531,52086],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131534,131535],{},"You can use just the value:",[40,131537,131539],{"className":42,"code":131538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131540,131541,131553],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131544,1114],{"class":55},[49,131546,60],{"class":59},[49,131548,357],{"class":346},[49,131550,44],{"class":350},[49,131552,1124],{"class":346},[49,131554,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131556,105],{"class":104},[49,131558,108],{"class":63},[49,131560,1129],{"class":94},[49,131562,91],{"class":63},[49,131564,35268],{"class":94},[49,131566,108],{"class":63},[49,131568,347],{"class":346},[49,131570,62570],{"class":350},[49,131572,347],{"class":346},[49,131574,4793],{"class":63},[49,131576,50840],{"class":116},[20,131578,131579],{},"Or include a start position:",[40,131581,131583],{"className":42,"code":131582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131584,131585,131597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131588,1114],{"class":55},[49,131590,60],{"class":59},[49,131592,357],{"class":346},[49,131594,3519],{"class":350},[49,131596,1124],{"class":346},[49,131598,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131600,105],{"class":104},[49,131602,108],{"class":63},[49,131604,1129],{"class":94},[49,131606,91],{"class":63},[49,131608,35268],{"class":94},[49,131610,108],{"class":63},[49,131612,347],{"class":346},[49,131614,308],{"class":350},[49,131616,347],{"class":346},[49,131618,71],{"class":63},[49,131620,74],{"class":67},[49,131622,4793],{"class":63},[49,131624,50196],{"class":116},[20,131626,131627,131628,618,131630,135],{},"Or include both ",[15,131629,35495],{},[15,131631,52086],{},[40,131633,131635],{"className":42,"code":131634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131636,131637,131649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131638,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131640,1114],{"class":55},[49,131642,60],{"class":59},[49,131644,357],{"class":346},[49,131646,3519],{"class":350},[49,131648,1124],{"class":346},[49,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131652,105],{"class":104},[49,131654,108],{"class":63},[49,131656,1129],{"class":94},[49,131658,91],{"class":63},[49,131660,35268],{"class":94},[49,131662,108],{"class":63},[49,131664,347],{"class":346},[49,131666,308],{"class":350},[49,131668,347],{"class":346},[49,131670,71],{"class":63},[49,131672,74],{"class":67},[49,131674,71],{"class":63},[49,131676,4036],{"class":67},[49,131678,4793],{"class":63},[49,131680,50196],{"class":116},[35,131682,37444],{"id":37443},[20,131684,28131,131685,131687,131688,91],{},[15,131686,58250],{}," is a ",[30,131689,131690],{},"zero-based index",[20,131692,1539],{},[137,131694,131695,131701,131706],{},[140,131696,131697,131698,131700],{},"Index ",[15,131699,1552],{}," is the first character",[140,131702,131697,131703,131705],{},[15,131704,68],{}," is the second character",[140,131707,131697,131708,131710],{},[15,131709,1488],{}," is the third character",[20,131712,761],{},[40,131714,131716],{"className":42,"code":131715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131717,131718,131730,131734,131758,131782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131721,1114],{"class":55},[49,131723,60],{"class":59},[49,131725,357],{"class":346},[49,131727,36470],{"class":350},[49,131729,1124],{"class":346},[49,131731,131732],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131733,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,131735,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131737,105],{"class":104},[49,131739,108],{"class":63},[49,131741,1129],{"class":94},[49,131743,91],{"class":63},[49,131745,35268],{"class":94},[49,131747,108],{"class":63},[49,131749,347],{"class":346},[49,131751,369],{"class":350},[49,131753,347],{"class":346},[49,131755,4793],{"class":63},[49,131757,50672],{"class":116},[49,131759,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131761,105],{"class":104},[49,131763,108],{"class":63},[49,131765,1129],{"class":94},[49,131767,91],{"class":63},[49,131769,35268],{"class":94},[49,131771,108],{"class":63},[49,131773,347],{"class":346},[49,131775,308],{"class":350},[49,131777,347],{"class":346},[49,131779,4793],{"class":63},[49,131781,27203],{"class":116},[49,131783,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,131785,105],{"class":104},[49,131787,108],{"class":63},[49,131789,1129],{"class":94},[49,131791,91],{"class":63},[49,131793,35268],{"class":94},[49,131795,108],{"class":63},[49,131797,347],{"class":346},[49,131799,62570],{"class":350},[49,131801,347],{"class":346},[49,131803,4793],{"class":63},[49,131805,50840],{"class":116},[20,131807,131808,131810,131811,131813],{},[15,131809,58250],{}," returns only the ",[30,131812,29332],{}," matching position.",[40,131815,131817],{"className":42,"code":131816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131818,131819,131831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131822,1114],{"class":55},[49,131824,60],{"class":59},[49,131826,357],{"class":346},[49,131828,3519],{"class":350},[49,131830,1124],{"class":346},[49,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131834,105],{"class":104},[49,131836,108],{"class":63},[49,131838,1129],{"class":94},[49,131840,91],{"class":63},[49,131842,35268],{"class":94},[49,131844,108],{"class":63},[49,131846,347],{"class":346},[49,131848,308],{"class":350},[49,131850,347],{"class":346},[49,131852,4793],{"class":63},[49,131854,27203],{"class":116},[20,131856,20399,131857,131859],{},[15,131858,17518],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131861,131862,131863,91],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[308,131864,131865,736],{"href":124089},[15,131866,57872],{},[35,131868,1092,131869,618,131871],{"id":64690},[15,131870,35495],{},[15,131872,52086],{},[20,131874,1409,131875,618,131877,131879],{},[15,131876,35495],{},[15,131878,52086],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131881,131882],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131884,45464,131885,135],{},[15,131886,35495],{},[40,131888,131890],{"className":42,"code":131889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131891,131892,131904,131908,131932,131960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131893,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131895,1114],{"class":55},[49,131897,60],{"class":59},[49,131899,357],{"class":346},[49,131901,3519],{"class":350},[49,131903,1124],{"class":346},[49,131905,131906],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,131907,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,131909,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,131911,105],{"class":104},[49,131913,108],{"class":63},[49,131915,1129],{"class":94},[49,131917,91],{"class":63},[49,131919,35268],{"class":94},[49,131921,108],{"class":63},[49,131923,347],{"class":346},[49,131925,308],{"class":350},[49,131927,347],{"class":346},[49,131929,4793],{"class":63},[49,131931,50545],{"class":116},[49,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,131935,105],{"class":104},[49,131937,108],{"class":63},[49,131939,1129],{"class":94},[49,131941,91],{"class":63},[49,131943,35268],{"class":94},[49,131945,108],{"class":63},[49,131947,347],{"class":346},[49,131949,308],{"class":350},[49,131951,347],{"class":346},[49,131953,71],{"class":63},[49,131955,74],{"class":67},[49,131957,4793],{"class":63},[49,131959,50394],{"class":116},[49,131961,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,131963,105],{"class":104},[49,131965,108],{"class":63},[49,131967,1129],{"class":94},[49,131969,91],{"class":63},[49,131971,35268],{"class":94},[49,131973,108],{"class":63},[49,131975,347],{"class":346},[49,131977,308],{"class":350},[49,131979,347],{"class":346},[49,131981,71],{"class":63},[49,131983,1888],{"class":67},[49,131985,4793],{"class":63},[49,131987,50179],{"class":116},[20,131989,19380],{},[137,131991,131992,131999,132005],{},[140,131993,131994,131995,64880,131997],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,131996,17518],{},[15,131998,68],{},[140,132000,132001,132002,132004],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132003,1488],{}," skips that first match",[140,132006,132001,132007,132009,132010],{},[15,132008,1936],{}," finds the last ",[15,132011,17518],{},[20,132013,45464,132014,135],{},[15,132015,52086],{},[40,132017,132019],{"className":42,"code":132018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132020,132021,132033,132037],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132022,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132024,1114],{"class":55},[49,132026,60],{"class":59},[49,132028,357],{"class":346},[49,132030,3519],{"class":350},[49,132032,1124],{"class":346},[49,132034,132035],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132036,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,132038,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132040,105],{"class":104},[49,132042,108],{"class":63},[49,132044,1129],{"class":94},[49,132046,91],{"class":63},[49,132048,35268],{"class":94},[49,132050,108],{"class":63},[49,132052,347],{"class":346},[49,132054,75314],{"class":350},[49,132056,347],{"class":346},[49,132058,71],{"class":63},[49,132060,3263],{"class":67},[49,132062,71],{"class":63},[49,132064,1888],{"class":67},[49,132066,4793],{"class":63},[49,132068,50840],{"class":116},[20,132070,132071],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132073,132074],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[35,132076,43636,132078,132080],{"id":132077},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132079,58250],{}," causes an error",[20,132082,132083,132084,51920,132086,91],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132085,58250],{},[15,132087,40128],{},[20,132089,761],{},[40,132091,132093],{"className":42,"code":132092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132094,132095,132107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132098,1114],{"class":55},[49,132100,60],{"class":59},[49,132102,357],{"class":346},[49,132104,1121],{"class":350},[49,132106,1124],{"class":346},[49,132108,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132110,105],{"class":104},[49,132112,108],{"class":63},[49,132114,1129],{"class":94},[49,132116,91],{"class":63},[49,132118,35268],{"class":94},[49,132120,108],{"class":63},[49,132122,347],{"class":346},[49,132124,21499],{"class":350},[49,132126,347],{"class":346},[49,132128,1182],{"class":63},[20,132130,275],{},[40,132132,132134],{"className":42,"code":132133,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132135,132136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132137,132138,132140,132142,132145,132147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132139,40128],{"class":1174},[49,132141,135],{"class":63},[49,132143,132144],{"class":55}," substring ",[49,132146,329],{"class":59},[49,132148,65113],{"class":55},[20,132150,52765,132151,125605,132156,132158],{},[308,132152,132153],{"href":129283},[15,132154,132155],{},"str.find()",[15,132157,65138],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132160,132161,132162,618,132164,135],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132163,29227],{},[15,132165,29258],{},[40,132167,132169],{"className":42,"code":132168,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132170,132171,132183,132187,132193,132216,132226,132234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132172,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132174,1114],{"class":55},[49,132176,60],{"class":59},[49,132178,357],{"class":346},[49,132180,1121],{"class":350},[49,132182,1124],{"class":346},[49,132184,132185],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132186,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,132188,132189,132191],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132190,29227],{"class":3306},[49,132192,5826],{"class":63},[49,132194,132195,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,132196,132197],{"class":55},"    position ",[49,132199,60],{"class":59},[49,132201,42265],{"class":55},[49,132203,91],{"class":63},[49,132205,35268],{"class":94},[49,132207,108],{"class":63},[49,132209,347],{"class":346},[49,132211,21499],{"class":350},[49,132213,347],{"class":346},[49,132215,272],{"class":63},[49,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,132219,7501],{"class":104},[49,132221,108],{"class":63},[49,132223,64230],{"class":94},[49,132225,272],{"class":63},[49,132227,132228,132230,132232],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,132229,29258],{"class":3306},[49,132231,41350],{"class":1174},[49,132233,5826],{"class":63},[49,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242,132245,132247],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,132237,7501],{"class":104},[49,132239,108],{"class":63},[49,132241,347],{"class":346},[49,132243,132244],{"class":350},"Substring not found",[49,132246,347],{"class":346},[49,132248,272],{"class":63},[20,132250,132251],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132253,41370,132254,91],{},[308,132255,25102,132257],{"href":132256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132258,128610],{},[35,132260,132262,10018,132264],{"id":132261},"index-vs-find",[15,132263,58250],{},[15,132265,123634],{},[20,132267,132268,618,132270,132272],{},[15,132269,58250],{},[15,132271,123634],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[528,132274,132275],{"id":35268},[15,132276,58250],{},[137,132278,132279,132282],{},[140,132280,132281],{},"Returns the first match position",[140,132283,132284],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[40,132286,132288],{"className":42,"code":132287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132289,132290,132302,132326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132291,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132293,1114],{"class":55},[49,132295,60],{"class":59},[49,132297,357],{"class":346},[49,132299,1121],{"class":350},[49,132301,1124],{"class":346},[49,132303,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132305,105],{"class":104},[49,132307,108],{"class":63},[49,132309,1129],{"class":94},[49,132311,91],{"class":63},[49,132313,35268],{"class":94},[49,132315,108],{"class":63},[49,132317,347],{"class":346},[49,132319,59730],{"class":350},[49,132321,347],{"class":346},[49,132323,4793],{"class":63},[49,132325,27203],{"class":116},[49,132327,132328],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132329,132330],{"class":116},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[528,132332,132333],{"id":127664},[15,132334,123634],{},[137,132336,132337,132339],{},[140,132338,132281],{},[140,132340,10851,132341,132343],{},[15,132342,65138],{}," if nothing is found",[40,132345,132347],{"className":42,"code":132346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132348,132349,132361,132385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132350,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132352,1114],{"class":55},[49,132354,60],{"class":59},[49,132356,357],{"class":346},[49,132358,1121],{"class":350},[49,132360,1124],{"class":346},[49,132362,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132364,105],{"class":104},[49,132366,108],{"class":63},[49,132368,1129],{"class":94},[49,132370,91],{"class":63},[49,132372,127664],{"class":94},[49,132374,108],{"class":63},[49,132376,347],{"class":346},[49,132378,59730],{"class":350},[49,132380,347],{"class":346},[49,132382,4793],{"class":63},[49,132384,27203],{"class":116},[49,132386,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132388,105],{"class":104},[49,132390,108],{"class":63},[49,132392,1129],{"class":94},[49,132394,91],{"class":63},[49,132396,127664],{"class":94},[49,132398,108],{"class":63},[49,132400,347],{"class":346},[49,132402,21499],{"class":350},[49,132404,347],{"class":346},[49,132406,4793],{"class":63},[49,132408,128020],{"class":116},[20,132410,120,132411,132413],{},[15,132412,58250],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132415,120,132416,132418],{},[15,132417,123634],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132420,132421,132422,2310,132427,91],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[308,132423,132424,132426],{"href":129283},[15,132425,132155],{}," method reference",[308,132428,126675],{"href":132429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[35,132431,2261],{"id":2260},[20,132433,132434,132435,135],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132436,58250],{},[137,132438,132439,132442,132449,132454,132459],{},[140,132440,132441],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[140,132443,1011,132444,7886,132446,132448],{},[15,132445,58250],{},[15,132447,65138],{}," when no match exists",[140,132450,1092,132451,132453],{},[15,132452,58250],{}," on a value that may not be present",[140,132455,132456,132457],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132458,68],{},[140,132460,4010,132461,132463],{},[15,132462,58250],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132465,61578],{},[40,132467,132469],{"className":42,"code":132468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132470,132471,132481,132495,132517,132539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132472,132473,132475,132477,132479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132474,105],{"class":104},[49,132476,108],{"class":63},[49,132478,1129],{"class":94},[49,132480,272],{"class":63},[49,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132484,105],{"class":104},[49,132486,108],{"class":63},[49,132488,41203],{"class":104},[49,132490,108],{"class":63},[49,132492,1129],{"class":94},[49,132494,1182],{"class":63},[49,132496,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132498,105],{"class":104},[49,132500,108],{"class":63},[49,132502,1129],{"class":94},[49,132504,91],{"class":63},[49,132506,35268],{"class":94},[49,132508,108],{"class":63},[49,132510,347],{"class":346},[49,132512,1904],{"class":350},[49,132514,347],{"class":346},[49,132516,1182],{"class":63},[49,132518,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,132520,105],{"class":104},[49,132522,108],{"class":63},[49,132524,1129],{"class":94},[49,132526,91],{"class":63},[49,132528,127664],{"class":94},[49,132530,108],{"class":63},[49,132532,347],{"class":346},[49,132534,1904],{"class":350},[49,132536,347],{"class":346},[49,132538,1182],{"class":63},[49,132540,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,132542,105],{"class":104},[49,132544,108],{"class":63},[49,132546,1129],{"class":94},[49,132548,91],{"class":63},[49,132550,35268],{"class":94},[49,132552,108],{"class":63},[49,132554,347],{"class":346},[49,132556,1904],{"class":350},[49,132558,347],{"class":346},[49,132560,71],{"class":63},[49,132562,35474],{"class":94},[49,132564,71],{"class":63},[49,132566,64324],{"class":94},[49,132568,1182],{"class":63},[20,132570,132571],{},"Tips:",[137,132573,132574,132579,132584,132587],{},[140,132575,120,132576,132578],{},[15,132577,125561],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[140,132580,120,132581,132583],{},[15,132582,123634],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[140,132585,132586],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[140,132588,132589,132590],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132591,1552],{},[35,132593,1253],{"id":1252},[528,132595,129143,132597,12137],{"id":132596},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132598,58250],{},[20,132600,132601],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[528,132603,132605],{"id":132604},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132607,76142,132608,91],{},[15,132609,40128],{},[528,132611,1279,132613,618,132615,1284],{"id":132612},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132614,58250],{},[15,132616,123634],{},[20,132618,132619,132621,132622,320,132624,6064],{},[15,132620,58250],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132623,123634],{},[15,132625,65138],{},[528,132627,4601,132629,132631],{"id":132628},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132630,58250],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132633,132634],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[528,132636,132638,132639,123975],{"id":132637},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132640,58250],{},[20,132642,129168],{},[35,132644,1309],{"id":1308},[137,132646,132647,132653,132657,132662,132668],{},[140,132648,132649],{},[308,132650,132651,736],{"href":129283},[15,132652,132155],{},[140,132654,132655],{},[308,132656,124038],{"href":132429},[140,132658,132659],{},[308,132660,129244],{"href":132661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[140,132663,132664],{},[308,132665,132666,736],{"href":124089},[15,132667,57872],{},[140,132669,132670],{},[308,132671,1346,132672],{"href":132256},[15,132673,128610],{},[1352,132675,132676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":132678},[132679,132680,132682,132683,132684,132685,132687,132692,132693,132704],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":131315,"depth":85,"text":132681},"What str.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444},{"id":64690,"depth":85,"text":65473},{"id":132077,"depth":85,"text":132686},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132261,"depth":85,"text":132688,"children":132689},"index() vs find()",[132690,132691],{"id":35268,"depth":101,"text":58250},{"id":127664,"depth":101,"text":123634},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":132694},[132695,132697,132698,132700,132702],{"id":132596,"depth":101,"text":132696},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132604,"depth":101,"text":132605},{"id":132612,"depth":101,"text":132699},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132628,"depth":101,"text":132701},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132637,"depth":101,"text":132703},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131224,"description":132705},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132712,"title":132713,"body":132714,"description":135489,"extension":1392,"meta":135490,"navigation":243,"path":135491,"seo":135492,"stem":135493,"__hash__":135494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132715,"toc":135425},[132716,132722,132727,132730,132733,132744,132746,132815,132817,132831,132836,132841,132846,132848,132891,132893,132976,132978,133024,133030,133032,133034,133054,133056,133079,133081,133155,133157,133176,133181,133183,133187,133259,133261,133275,133279,133355,133357,133376,133380,133474,133476,133485,133492,133568,133570,133588,133592,133595,133602,133651,133653,133662,133669,133728,133730,133748,133751,133758,133817,133819,133837,133844,133901,133903,133912,133916,133921,133925,133984,133986,134004,134008,134055,134060,134063,134132,134134,134151,134158,134164,134219,134224,134227,134304,134306,134324,134330,134336,134396,134398,134417,134423,134426,134433,134486,134491,134493,134554,134563,134570,134572,134629,134634,134636,134707,134711,134766,134768,134777,134782,134788,134857,134859,134891,134897,134905,134912,134918,134983,134985,134994,135000,135081,135083,135092,135097,135111,135118,135122,135127,135155,135157,135290,135293,135330,135332,135338,135347,135352,135355,135360,135365,135371,135374,135383,135386,135388,135417,135422],[10,132717,122639,132719,18],{"id":132718},"python-string-join-method",[15,132720,132721],{},"join()",[20,132723,122644,132724,132726],{},[15,132725,132721],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132728,132729],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132731,132732],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[137,132734,132735,132741],{},[140,132736,132737,132738,132740],{},"You call ",[15,132739,132721],{}," on the separator string",[140,132742,132743],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[35,132745,38],{"id":37},[40,132747,132749],{"className":42,"code":132748,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132750,132751,132784,132805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132752,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132780,132782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132754,3501],{"class":55},[49,132756,60],{"class":59},[49,132758,64],{"class":63},[49,132760,347],{"class":346},[49,132762,6731],{"class":350},[49,132764,347],{"class":346},[49,132766,71],{"class":63},[49,132768,357],{"class":346},[49,132770,11617],{"class":350},[49,132772,347],{"class":346},[49,132774,71],{"class":63},[49,132776,357],{"class":346},[49,132778,132779],{"class":350},"fun",[49,132781,347],{"class":346},[49,132783,82],{"class":63},[49,132785,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132799,132801,132803],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132787,382],{"class":55},[49,132789,60],{"class":59},[49,132791,357],{"class":346},[49,132793,357],{"class":346},[49,132795,91],{"class":63},[49,132797,132798],{"class":94},"join",[49,132800,108],{"class":63},[49,132802,3545],{"class":94},[49,132804,272],{"class":63},[49,132806,132807,132809,132811,132813],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132808,105],{"class":104},[49,132810,108],{"class":63},[49,132812,420],{"class":94},[49,132814,272],{"class":63},[20,132816,275],{},[40,132818,132820],{"className":42,"code":132819,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is fun\n",[15,132821,132822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132823,132824,132826,132828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132825,3010],{"class":55},[49,132827,11617],{"class":59},[49,132829,132830],{"class":55}," fun\n",[20,132832,120,132833,132835],{},[15,132834,132721],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[35,132837,127,132839,130],{"id":132838},"what-join-does",[15,132840,132721],{},[20,132842,132843,132845],{},[15,132844,132721],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132847,186],{},[137,132849,132850,132857,132885,132888],{},[140,132851,132852,132853,132856],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132854,132855],{},".join()"," as the separator",[140,132858,132859,132860],{},"Common separators are:\n",[137,132861,132862,132868,132874,132880],{},[140,132863,132864,132867],{},[15,132865,132866],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[140,132869,132870,132873],{},[15,132871,132872],{},"\", \""," for commas",[140,132875,132876,132879],{},[15,132877,132878],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[140,132881,132882,132884],{},[15,132883,5705],{}," for no separator",[140,132886,132887],{},"It returns a new string",[140,132889,132890],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132892,761],{},[40,132894,132896],{"className":42,"code":132895,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132897,132898,132930,132952,132956,132966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132899,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132901,3501],{"class":55},[49,132903,60],{"class":59},[49,132905,64],{"class":63},[49,132907,347],{"class":346},[49,132909,12512],{"class":350},[49,132911,347],{"class":346},[49,132913,71],{"class":63},[49,132915,357],{"class":346},[49,132917,16877],{"class":350},[49,132919,347],{"class":346},[49,132921,71],{"class":63},[49,132923,357],{"class":346},[49,132925,12529],{"class":350},[49,132927,347],{"class":346},[49,132929,82],{"class":63},[49,132931,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132933,382],{"class":55},[49,132935,60],{"class":59},[49,132937,357],{"class":346},[49,132939,1622],{"class":350},[49,132941,347],{"class":346},[49,132943,91],{"class":63},[49,132945,132798],{"class":94},[49,132947,108],{"class":63},[49,132949,3545],{"class":94},[49,132951,272],{"class":63},[49,132953,132954],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,132955,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,132957,132958,132960,132962,132964],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,132959,105],{"class":104},[49,132961,108],{"class":63},[49,132963,420],{"class":94},[49,132965,272],{"class":63},[49,132967,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,132969,105],{"class":104},[49,132971,108],{"class":63},[49,132973,3545],{"class":94},[49,132975,272],{"class":63},[20,132977,275],{},[40,132979,132981],{"className":42,"code":132980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,132982,132983,132996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132984,132985,132987,132989,132992,132994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132986,12512],{"class":55},[49,132988,71],{"class":63},[49,132990,132991],{"class":55}," green",[49,132993,71],{"class":63},[49,132995,35303],{"class":55},[49,132997,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,132999,938],{"class":63},[49,133001,2734],{"class":346},[49,133003,12512],{"class":350},[49,133005,2734],{"class":346},[49,133007,71],{"class":63},[49,133009,2729],{"class":346},[49,133011,16877],{"class":350},[49,133013,2734],{"class":346},[49,133015,71],{"class":63},[49,133017,2729],{"class":346},[49,133019,12529],{"class":350},[49,133021,2734],{"class":346},[49,133023,82],{"class":63},[20,133025,133026,133027,133029],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133028,132721],{}," creates a new string.",[35,133031,164],{"id":163},[20,133033,6652],{},[40,133035,133037],{"className":42,"code":133036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133038,133039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133040,133041,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133042,133043],{"class":55},"separator",[49,133045,91],{"class":63},[49,133047,132798],{"class":94},[49,133049,108],{"class":63},[49,133051,3151],{"class":94},[49,133053,272],{"class":63},[528,133055,48435],{"id":48434},[137,133057,133058,133071,133076],{},[140,133059,133060,133062,133063,1622,133065,1622,133067,1626,133069],{},[15,133061,133043],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133064,132866],{},[15,133066,132872],{},[15,133068,132878],{},[15,133070,5705],{},[140,133072,133073,133075],{},[15,133074,3151],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[140,133077,133078],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133080,761],{},[40,133082,133084],{"className":42,"code":133083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133085,133086,133118,133141,133145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133087,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133089,4425],{"class":55},[49,133091,60],{"class":59},[49,133093,64],{"class":63},[49,133095,347],{"class":346},[49,133097,12299],{"class":350},[49,133099,347],{"class":346},[49,133101,71],{"class":63},[49,133103,357],{"class":346},[49,133105,35363],{"class":350},[49,133107,347],{"class":346},[49,133109,71],{"class":63},[49,133111,357],{"class":346},[49,133113,35372],{"class":350},[49,133115,347],{"class":346},[49,133117,82],{"class":63},[49,133119,133120,133122,133124,133126,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133121,382],{"class":55},[49,133123,60],{"class":59},[49,133125,357],{"class":346},[49,133127,133128],{"class":350}," | ",[49,133130,347],{"class":346},[49,133132,91],{"class":63},[49,133134,132798],{"class":94},[49,133136,108],{"class":63},[49,133138,4469],{"class":94},[49,133140,272],{"class":63},[49,133142,133143],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,133144,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,133148,105],{"class":104},[49,133150,108],{"class":63},[49,133152,420],{"class":94},[49,133154,272],{"class":63},[20,133156,275],{},[40,133158,133160],{"className":42,"code":133159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133161,133162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133163,133164,133167,133169,133172,133174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133165,133166],{"class":55},"Ana ",[49,133168,113146],{"class":59},[49,133170,133171],{"class":55}," Ben ",[49,133173,113146],{"class":59},[49,133175,35444],{"class":55},[20,133177,133178,133179,91],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[308,133180,124394],{"href":50400},[35,133182,121170],{"id":121169},[528,133184,133186],{"id":133185},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[40,133188,133190],{"className":42,"code":133189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133191,133192,133225,133245,133249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133221,133223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133195,3501],{"class":55},[49,133197,60],{"class":59},[49,133199,64],{"class":63},[49,133201,347],{"class":346},[49,133203,6731],{"class":350},[49,133205,347],{"class":346},[49,133207,71],{"class":63},[49,133209,357],{"class":346},[49,133211,11617],{"class":350},[49,133213,347],{"class":346},[49,133215,71],{"class":63},[49,133217,357],{"class":346},[49,133219,133220],{"class":350},"easy",[49,133222,347],{"class":346},[49,133224,82],{"class":63},[49,133226,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133228,382],{"class":55},[49,133230,60],{"class":59},[49,133232,357],{"class":346},[49,133234,357],{"class":346},[49,133236,91],{"class":63},[49,133238,132798],{"class":94},[49,133240,108],{"class":63},[49,133242,3545],{"class":94},[49,133244,272],{"class":63},[49,133246,133247],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,133248,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,133250,133251,133253,133255,133257],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,133252,105],{"class":104},[49,133254,108],{"class":63},[49,133256,420],{"class":94},[49,133258,272],{"class":63},[20,133260,275],{},[40,133262,133264],{"className":42,"code":133263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is easy\n",[15,133265,133266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133267,133268,133270,133272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133269,3010],{"class":55},[49,133271,11617],{"class":59},[49,133273,133274],{"class":55}," easy\n",[528,133276,133278],{"id":133277},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[40,133280,133282],{"className":42,"code":133281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133283,133284,133319,133341,133345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133285,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133297,133299,133301,133303,133306,133308,133310,133312,133315,133317],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133287,56],{"class":55},[49,133289,60],{"class":59},[49,133291,64],{"class":63},[49,133293,347],{"class":346},[49,133295,133296],{"class":350},"apples",[49,133298,347],{"class":346},[49,133300,71],{"class":63},[49,133302,357],{"class":346},[49,133304,133305],{"class":350},"bananas",[49,133307,347],{"class":346},[49,133309,71],{"class":63},[49,133311,357],{"class":346},[49,133313,133314],{"class":350},"oranges",[49,133316,347],{"class":346},[49,133318,82],{"class":63},[49,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133322,382],{"class":55},[49,133324,60],{"class":59},[49,133326,357],{"class":346},[49,133328,1622],{"class":350},[49,133330,347],{"class":346},[49,133332,91],{"class":63},[49,133334,132798],{"class":94},[49,133336,108],{"class":63},[49,133338,88],{"class":94},[49,133340,272],{"class":63},[49,133342,133343],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,133344,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,133346,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,133348,105],{"class":104},[49,133350,108],{"class":63},[49,133352,420],{"class":94},[49,133354,272],{"class":63},[20,133356,275],{},[40,133358,133360],{"className":42,"code":133359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133361,133362],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133363,133364,133366,133368,133371,133373],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133365,133296],{"class":55},[49,133367,71],{"class":63},[49,133369,133370],{"class":55}," bananas",[49,133372,71],{"class":63},[49,133374,133375],{"class":55}," oranges\n",[528,133377,133379],{"id":133378},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[40,133381,133383],{"className":42,"code":133382,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133384,133385,133442,133460,133464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133386,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133388,35513],{"class":55},[49,133390,60],{"class":59},[49,133392,64],{"class":63},[49,133394,347],{"class":346},[49,133396,133397],{"class":350},"P",[49,133399,347],{"class":346},[49,133401,71],{"class":63},[49,133403,357],{"class":346},[49,133405,11169],{"class":350},[49,133407,347],{"class":346},[49,133409,71],{"class":63},[49,133411,357],{"class":346},[49,133413,62570],{"class":350},[49,133415,347],{"class":346},[49,133417,71],{"class":63},[49,133419,357],{"class":346},[49,133421,59721],{"class":350},[49,133423,347],{"class":346},[49,133425,71],{"class":63},[49,133427,357],{"class":346},[49,133429,59756],{"class":350},[49,133431,347],{"class":346},[49,133433,71],{"class":63},[49,133435,357],{"class":346},[49,133437,75314],{"class":350},[49,133439,347],{"class":346},[49,133441,82],{"class":63},[49,133443,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133445,382],{"class":55},[49,133447,60],{"class":59},[49,133449,5559],{"class":346},[49,133451,91],{"class":63},[49,133453,132798],{"class":94},[49,133455,108],{"class":63},[49,133457,35566],{"class":94},[49,133459,272],{"class":63},[49,133461,133462],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,133463,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,133467,105],{"class":104},[49,133469,108],{"class":63},[49,133471,420],{"class":94},[49,133473,272],{"class":63},[20,133475,275],{},[40,133477,133479],{"className":42,"code":133478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python\n",[15,133480,133481],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133482,133483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133484,133478],{"class":55},[528,133486,133488,133489,133491],{"id":133487},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133490,132721],{}," returns the result",[40,133493,133495],{"className":42,"code":133494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133496,133497,133530,133553,133557],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133498,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133526,133528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133500,3501],{"class":55},[49,133502,60],{"class":59},[49,133504,64],{"class":63},[49,133506,347],{"class":346},[49,133508,6018],{"class":350},[49,133510,347],{"class":346},[49,133512,71],{"class":63},[49,133514,357],{"class":346},[49,133516,78555],{"class":350},[49,133518,347],{"class":346},[49,133520,71],{"class":63},[49,133522,357],{"class":346},[49,133524,133525],{"class":350},"three",[49,133527,347],{"class":346},[49,133529,82],{"class":63},[49,133531,133532,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133533,133534],{"class":55},"joined_text ",[49,133536,60],{"class":59},[49,133538,357],{"class":346},[49,133540,1453],{"class":350},[49,133542,347],{"class":346},[49,133544,91],{"class":63},[49,133546,132798],{"class":94},[49,133548,108],{"class":63},[49,133550,3545],{"class":94},[49,133552,272],{"class":63},[49,133554,133555],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,133556,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,133558,133559,133561,133563,133566],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,133560,105],{"class":104},[49,133562,108],{"class":63},[49,133564,133565],{"class":94},"joined_text",[49,133567,272],{"class":63},[20,133569,275],{},[40,133571,133573],{"className":42,"code":133572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one-two-three\n",[15,133574,133575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133576,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133578,6018],{"class":55},[49,133580,1453],{"class":59},[49,133582,78555],{"class":55},[49,133584,1453],{"class":59},[49,133586,133587],{"class":55},"three\n",[35,133589,133591],{"id":133590},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133593,133594],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[528,133596,133598,133601],{"id":133597},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133599,133600],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[40,133603,133605],{"className":42,"code":133604,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133606,133607,133631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133608,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133610,3501],{"class":55},[49,133612,60],{"class":59},[49,133614,64],{"class":63},[49,133616,347],{"class":346},[49,133618,1121],{"class":350},[49,133620,347],{"class":346},[49,133622,71],{"class":63},[49,133624,357],{"class":346},[49,133626,59874],{"class":350},[49,133628,347],{"class":346},[49,133630,82],{"class":63},[49,133632,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133634,105],{"class":104},[49,133636,108],{"class":63},[49,133638,347],{"class":346},[49,133640,357],{"class":346},[49,133642,91],{"class":63},[49,133644,132798],{"class":94},[49,133646,108],{"class":63},[49,133648,3545],{"class":94},[49,133650,1182],{"class":63},[20,133652,275],{},[40,133654,133656],{"className":42,"code":133655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n",[15,133657,133658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133659,133660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133661,133655],{"class":55},[528,133663,133665,133668],{"id":133664},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133666,133667],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[40,133670,133672],{"className":42,"code":133671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133673,133674,133706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133675,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133677,12495],{"class":55},[49,133679,60],{"class":59},[49,133681,64],{"class":63},[49,133683,347],{"class":346},[49,133685,12512],{"class":350},[49,133687,347],{"class":346},[49,133689,71],{"class":63},[49,133691,357],{"class":346},[49,133693,12529],{"class":350},[49,133695,347],{"class":346},[49,133697,71],{"class":63},[49,133699,357],{"class":346},[49,133701,16877],{"class":350},[49,133703,347],{"class":346},[49,133705,82],{"class":63},[49,133707,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133709,105],{"class":104},[49,133711,108],{"class":63},[49,133713,347],{"class":346},[49,133715,1622],{"class":350},[49,133717,347],{"class":346},[49,133719,91],{"class":63},[49,133721,132798],{"class":94},[49,133723,108],{"class":63},[49,133725,16924],{"class":94},[49,133727,1182],{"class":63},[20,133729,275],{},[40,133731,133733],{"className":42,"code":133732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133734,133735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133736,133737,133739,133741,133744,133746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133738,12512],{"class":55},[49,133740,71],{"class":63},[49,133742,133743],{"class":55}," blue",[49,133745,71],{"class":63},[49,133747,35296],{"class":55},[20,133749,133750],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[528,133752,133754,133757],{"id":133753},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133755,133756],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[40,133759,133761],{"className":42,"code":133760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133762,133763,133795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133764,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133766,42260],{"class":55},[49,133768,60],{"class":59},[49,133770,64],{"class":63},[49,133772,347],{"class":346},[49,133774,44],{"class":350},[49,133776,347],{"class":346},[49,133778,71],{"class":63},[49,133780,357],{"class":346},[49,133782,60457],{"class":350},[49,133784,347],{"class":346},[49,133786,71],{"class":63},[49,133788,357],{"class":346},[49,133790,132798],{"class":350},[49,133792,347],{"class":346},[49,133794,82],{"class":63},[49,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133798,105],{"class":104},[49,133800,108],{"class":63},[49,133802,347],{"class":346},[49,133804,1453],{"class":350},[49,133806,347],{"class":346},[49,133808,91],{"class":63},[49,133810,132798],{"class":94},[49,133812,108],{"class":63},[49,133814,42292],{"class":94},[49,133816,1182],{"class":63},[20,133818,275],{},[40,133820,133822],{"className":42,"code":133821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python-string-join\n",[15,133823,133824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133825,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133827,44],{"class":55},[49,133829,1453],{"class":59},[49,133831,60457],{"class":55},[49,133833,1453],{"class":59},[49,133835,133836],{"class":55},"join\n",[528,133838,133840,133843],{"id":133839},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133841,133842],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[40,133845,133847],{"className":42,"code":133846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133848,133849,133882],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133850,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133878,133880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133852,112218],{"class":55},[49,133854,60],{"class":59},[49,133856,64],{"class":63},[49,133858,347],{"class":346},[49,133860,21667],{"class":350},[49,133862,347],{"class":346},[49,133864,71],{"class":63},[49,133866,357],{"class":346},[49,133868,30023],{"class":350},[49,133870,347],{"class":346},[49,133872,71],{"class":63},[49,133874,357],{"class":346},[49,133876,133877],{"class":350},"C",[49,133879,347],{"class":346},[49,133881,82],{"class":63},[49,133883,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133899],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133885,105],{"class":104},[49,133887,108],{"class":63},[49,133889,5705],{"class":346},[49,133891,91],{"class":63},[49,133893,132798],{"class":94},[49,133895,108],{"class":63},[49,133897,133898],{"class":94},"chars",[49,133900,1182],{"class":63},[20,133902,275],{},[40,133904,133906],{"className":42,"code":133905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ABC\n",[15,133907,133908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133909,133910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133911,133905],{"class":33875},[35,133913,133915],{"id":133914},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133917,133918,133920],{},[15,133919,132721],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[528,133922,133924],{"id":133923},"this-works","This works",[40,133926,133928],{"className":42,"code":133927,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133929,133930,133962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133931,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133933,3252],{"class":55},[49,133935,60],{"class":59},[49,133937,64],{"class":63},[49,133939,347],{"class":346},[49,133941,221],{"class":350},[49,133943,347],{"class":346},[49,133945,71],{"class":63},[49,133947,357],{"class":346},[49,133949,15176],{"class":350},[49,133951,347],{"class":346},[49,133953,71],{"class":63},[49,133955,357],{"class":346},[49,133957,36264],{"class":350},[49,133959,347],{"class":346},[49,133961,82],{"class":63},[49,133963,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,133965,105],{"class":104},[49,133967,108],{"class":63},[49,133969,347],{"class":346},[49,133971,1622],{"class":350},[49,133973,347],{"class":346},[49,133975,91],{"class":63},[49,133977,132798],{"class":94},[49,133979,108],{"class":63},[49,133981,4790],{"class":94},[49,133983,1182],{"class":63},[20,133985,275],{},[40,133987,133989],{"className":42,"code":133988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,133990,133991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133994,221],{"class":67},[49,133996,71],{"class":63},[49,133998,226],{"class":67},[49,134000,71],{"class":63},[49,134002,134003],{"class":67}," 30\n",[528,134005,134007],{"id":134006},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[40,134009,134011],{"className":42,"code":134010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134012,134013,134033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134014,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134016,3252],{"class":55},[49,134018,60],{"class":59},[49,134020,64],{"class":63},[49,134022,68],{"class":67},[49,134024,71],{"class":63},[49,134026,74],{"class":67},[49,134028,71],{"class":63},[49,134030,79],{"class":67},[49,134032,82],{"class":63},[49,134034,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134036,105],{"class":104},[49,134038,108],{"class":63},[49,134040,347],{"class":346},[49,134042,1622],{"class":350},[49,134044,347],{"class":346},[49,134046,91],{"class":63},[49,134048,132798],{"class":94},[49,134050,108],{"class":63},[49,134052,4790],{"class":94},[49,134054,1182],{"class":63},[20,134056,89595,134057,134059],{},[15,134058,2437],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134061,134062],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[40,134064,134066],{"className":42,"code":134065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134067,134068,134088,134118,134122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134069,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134071,3252],{"class":55},[49,134073,60],{"class":59},[49,134075,64],{"class":63},[49,134077,68],{"class":67},[49,134079,71],{"class":63},[49,134081,74],{"class":67},[49,134083,71],{"class":63},[49,134085,79],{"class":67},[49,134087,82],{"class":63},[49,134089,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134091,382],{"class":55},[49,134093,60],{"class":59},[49,134095,357],{"class":346},[49,134097,1622],{"class":350},[49,134099,347],{"class":346},[49,134101,91],{"class":63},[49,134103,132798],{"class":94},[49,134105,108],{"class":63},[49,134107,39283],{"class":104},[49,134109,108],{"class":63},[49,134111,2877],{"class":1174},[49,134113,71],{"class":63},[49,134115,3316],{"class":94},[49,134117,1182],{"class":63},[49,134119,134120],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,134121,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,134123,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,134125,105],{"class":104},[49,134127,108],{"class":63},[49,134129,420],{"class":94},[49,134131,272],{"class":63},[20,134133,275],{},[40,134135,134137],{"className":42,"code":134136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134138,134139],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134142,68],{"class":67},[49,134144,71],{"class":63},[49,134146,74],{"class":67},[49,134148,71],{"class":63},[49,134150,2008],{"class":67},[20,134152,134153,134154,91],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[308,134155,3010,134156,2943],{"href":41598},[15,134157,47108],{},[528,134159,134161,134163],{"id":134160},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134162,323],{}," values do not work directly",[40,134165,134167],{"className":42,"code":134166,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134168,134169,134197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134170,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134172,3252],{"class":55},[49,134174,60],{"class":59},[49,134176,64],{"class":63},[49,134178,347],{"class":346},[49,134180,3510],{"class":350},[49,134182,347],{"class":346},[49,134184,71],{"class":63},[49,134186,3282],{"class":3281},[49,134188,71],{"class":63},[49,134190,357],{"class":346},[49,134192,3519],{"class":350},[49,134194,347],{"class":346},[49,134196,82],{"class":63},[49,134198,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134200,105],{"class":104},[49,134202,108],{"class":63},[49,134204,347],{"class":346},[49,134206,1622],{"class":350},[49,134208,347],{"class":346},[49,134210,91],{"class":63},[49,134212,132798],{"class":94},[49,134214,108],{"class":63},[49,134216,4790],{"class":94},[49,134218,1182],{"class":63},[20,134220,134221,134222,91],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134223,2437],{},[20,134225,134226],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[40,134228,134230],{"className":42,"code":134229,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134231,134232,134260,134290,134294],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134233,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134235,3252],{"class":55},[49,134237,60],{"class":59},[49,134239,64],{"class":63},[49,134241,347],{"class":346},[49,134243,3510],{"class":350},[49,134245,347],{"class":346},[49,134247,71],{"class":63},[49,134249,3282],{"class":3281},[49,134251,71],{"class":63},[49,134253,357],{"class":346},[49,134255,3519],{"class":350},[49,134257,347],{"class":346},[49,134259,82],{"class":63},[49,134261,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134263,382],{"class":55},[49,134265,60],{"class":59},[49,134267,357],{"class":346},[49,134269,1622],{"class":350},[49,134271,347],{"class":346},[49,134273,91],{"class":63},[49,134275,132798],{"class":94},[49,134277,108],{"class":63},[49,134279,39283],{"class":104},[49,134281,108],{"class":63},[49,134283,2877],{"class":1174},[49,134285,71],{"class":63},[49,134287,3316],{"class":94},[49,134289,1182],{"class":63},[49,134291,134292],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,134293,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,134295,134296,134298,134300,134302],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,134297,105],{"class":104},[49,134299,108],{"class":63},[49,134301,420],{"class":94},[49,134303,272],{"class":63},[20,134305,275],{},[40,134307,134309],{"className":42,"code":134308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134310,134311],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134312,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134314,3510],{"class":55},[49,134316,71],{"class":63},[49,134318,3282],{"class":3281},[49,134320,71],{"class":63},[49,134322,134323],{"class":55}," banana\n",[20,134325,134326,134327,134329],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134328,323],{}," values instead of converting them.",[528,134331,134333,134335],{"id":134332},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134334,132721],{}," also works with tuples",[40,134337,134339],{"className":42,"code":134338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134340,134341,134373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134342,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134344,4425],{"class":55},[49,134346,60],{"class":59},[49,134348,8668],{"class":63},[49,134350,347],{"class":346},[49,134352,7112],{"class":350},[49,134354,347],{"class":346},[49,134356,71],{"class":63},[49,134358,357],{"class":346},[49,134360,130727],{"class":350},[49,134362,347],{"class":346},[49,134364,71],{"class":63},[49,134366,357],{"class":346},[49,134368,7353],{"class":350},[49,134370,347],{"class":346},[49,134372,272],{"class":63},[49,134374,134375,134377,134379,134381,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134376,105],{"class":104},[49,134378,108],{"class":63},[49,134380,347],{"class":346},[49,134382,134383],{"class":350}," \u002F ",[49,134385,347],{"class":346},[49,134387,91],{"class":63},[49,134389,132798],{"class":94},[49,134391,108],{"class":63},[49,134393,4469],{"class":94},[49,134395,1182],{"class":63},[20,134397,275],{},[40,134399,134401],{"className":42,"code":134400,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134402,134403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134404,134405,134408,134410,134413,134415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134406,134407],{"class":55},"Sam ",[49,134409,126531],{"class":59},[49,134411,134412],{"class":55}," Lee ",[49,134414,126531],{"class":59},[49,134416,21756],{"class":55},[35,134418,134420,134421],{"id":134419},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134422,132721],{},[20,134424,134425],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[528,134427,134429,134430,134432],{"id":134428},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134431,2437],{}," because not all items are strings",[40,134434,134436],{"className":42,"code":134435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134437,134438,134466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134439,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134441,56],{"class":55},[49,134443,60],{"class":59},[49,134445,64],{"class":63},[49,134447,347],{"class":346},[49,134449,308],{"class":350},[49,134451,347],{"class":346},[49,134453,71],{"class":63},[49,134455,74],{"class":67},[49,134457,71],{"class":63},[49,134459,357],{"class":346},[49,134461,369],{"class":350},[49,134463,347],{"class":346},[49,134465,82],{"class":63},[49,134467,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134469,105],{"class":104},[49,134471,108],{"class":63},[49,134473,347],{"class":346},[49,134475,357],{"class":346},[49,134477,91],{"class":63},[49,134479,132798],{"class":94},[49,134481,108],{"class":63},[49,134483,88],{"class":94},[49,134485,1182],{"class":63},[20,134487,47935,134488,134490],{},[15,134489,1488],{}," is an integer.",[20,134492,38685],{},[40,134494,134496],{"className":42,"code":134495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134497,134498,134526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134499,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134501,56],{"class":55},[49,134503,60],{"class":59},[49,134505,64],{"class":63},[49,134507,347],{"class":346},[49,134509,308],{"class":350},[49,134511,347],{"class":346},[49,134513,71],{"class":63},[49,134515,74],{"class":67},[49,134517,71],{"class":63},[49,134519,357],{"class":346},[49,134521,369],{"class":350},[49,134523,347],{"class":346},[49,134525,82],{"class":63},[49,134527,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134529,105],{"class":104},[49,134531,108],{"class":63},[49,134533,347],{"class":346},[49,134535,357],{"class":346},[49,134537,91],{"class":63},[49,134539,132798],{"class":94},[49,134541,108],{"class":63},[49,134543,39283],{"class":104},[49,134545,108],{"class":63},[49,134547,2877],{"class":1174},[49,134549,71],{"class":63},[49,134551,387],{"class":94},[49,134553,2344],{"class":63},[20,134555,134556,134557,91],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[308,134558,25102,134560],{"href":134559},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134561,134562],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[528,134564,134566,134567,134569],{"id":134565},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134568,132721],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134571,3956],{},[40,134573,134575],{"className":42,"code":134574,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134576,134577,134609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134578,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134580,3501],{"class":55},[49,134582,60],{"class":59},[49,134584,64],{"class":63},[49,134586,347],{"class":346},[49,134588,6731],{"class":350},[49,134590,347],{"class":346},[49,134592,71],{"class":63},[49,134594,357],{"class":346},[49,134596,11617],{"class":350},[49,134598,347],{"class":346},[49,134600,71],{"class":63},[49,134602,357],{"class":346},[49,134604,132779],{"class":350},[49,134606,347],{"class":346},[49,134608,82],{"class":63},[49,134610,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134612,382],{"class":55},[49,134614,60],{"class":59},[49,134616,5601],{"class":55},[49,134618,91],{"class":63},[49,134620,132798],{"class":94},[49,134622,108],{"class":63},[49,134624,347],{"class":346},[49,134626,357],{"class":346},[49,134628,272],{"class":63},[20,134630,134631,134633],{},[15,134632,132721],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134635,956],{},[40,134637,134639],{"className":42,"code":134638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134640,134641,134673,134693,134697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134644,3501],{"class":55},[49,134646,60],{"class":59},[49,134648,64],{"class":63},[49,134650,347],{"class":346},[49,134652,6731],{"class":350},[49,134654,347],{"class":346},[49,134656,71],{"class":63},[49,134658,357],{"class":346},[49,134660,11617],{"class":350},[49,134662,347],{"class":346},[49,134664,71],{"class":63},[49,134666,357],{"class":346},[49,134668,132779],{"class":350},[49,134670,347],{"class":346},[49,134672,82],{"class":63},[49,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134676,382],{"class":55},[49,134678,60],{"class":59},[49,134680,357],{"class":346},[49,134682,357],{"class":346},[49,134684,91],{"class":63},[49,134686,132798],{"class":94},[49,134688,108],{"class":63},[49,134690,3545],{"class":94},[49,134692,272],{"class":63},[49,134694,134695],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,134696,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,134698,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,134700,105],{"class":104},[49,134702,108],{"class":63},[49,134704,420],{"class":94},[49,134706,272],{"class":63},[528,134708,134710],{"id":134709},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[40,134712,134714],{"className":42,"code":134713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134715,134716,134748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134717,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134719,3501],{"class":55},[49,134721,60],{"class":59},[49,134723,64],{"class":63},[49,134725,347],{"class":346},[49,134727,6018],{"class":350},[49,134729,347],{"class":346},[49,134731,71],{"class":63},[49,134733,357],{"class":346},[49,134735,78555],{"class":350},[49,134737,347],{"class":346},[49,134739,71],{"class":63},[49,134741,357],{"class":346},[49,134743,133525],{"class":350},[49,134745,347],{"class":346},[49,134747,82],{"class":63},[49,134749,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134751,105],{"class":104},[49,134753,108],{"class":63},[49,134755,5705],{"class":346},[49,134757,91],{"class":63},[49,134759,132798],{"class":94},[49,134761,108],{"class":63},[49,134763,3545],{"class":94},[49,134765,1182],{"class":63},[20,134767,275],{},[40,134769,134771],{"className":42,"code":134770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"onetwothree\n",[15,134772,134773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134774,134775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134776,134770],{"class":55},[20,134778,134779,134780,6064],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134781,132866],{},[528,134783,134785,134786,130989],{"id":134784},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134787,132721],{},[40,134789,134791],{"className":42,"code":134790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134792,134793,134825,134843,134847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134796,3501],{"class":55},[49,134798,60],{"class":59},[49,134800,64],{"class":63},[49,134802,347],{"class":346},[49,134804,308],{"class":350},[49,134806,347],{"class":346},[49,134808,71],{"class":63},[49,134810,357],{"class":346},[49,134812,360],{"class":350},[49,134814,347],{"class":346},[49,134816,71],{"class":63},[49,134818,357],{"class":346},[49,134820,369],{"class":350},[49,134822,347],{"class":346},[49,134824,82],{"class":63},[49,134826,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134828,347],{"class":42752},[49,134830,1453],{"class":42756},[49,134832,347],{"class":42752},[49,134834,91],{"class":63},[49,134836,132798],{"class":94},[49,134838,108],{"class":63},[49,134840,3545],{"class":94},[49,134842,272],{"class":63},[49,134844,134845],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,134846,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,134848,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,134850,105],{"class":104},[49,134852,108],{"class":63},[49,134854,3545],{"class":94},[49,134856,272],{"class":63},[20,134858,275],{},[40,134860,134861],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,134862,134863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134864,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134866,938],{"class":63},[49,134868,2734],{"class":346},[49,134870,308],{"class":350},[49,134872,2734],{"class":346},[49,134874,71],{"class":63},[49,134876,2729],{"class":346},[49,134878,360],{"class":350},[49,134880,2734],{"class":346},[49,134882,71],{"class":63},[49,134884,2729],{"class":346},[49,134886,369],{"class":350},[49,134888,2734],{"class":346},[49,134890,82],{"class":63},[20,134892,134893,134894,134896],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134895,132721],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[35,134898,134900,134902,134903],{"id":134899},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134901,132721],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134904,1491],{},[20,134906,615,134907,618,134909,134911],{},[15,134908,132721],{},[15,134910,1491],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[528,134913,120,134915,134917],{"id":134914},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134916,1491],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[40,134919,134921],{"className":42,"code":134920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134922,134923,134936,134949,134969,134973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134924,134925,134928,134930,134932,134934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134926,134927],{"class":55},"first ",[49,134929,60],{"class":59},[49,134931,357],{"class":346},[49,134933,34288],{"class":350},[49,134935,1124],{"class":346},[49,134937,134938,134941,134943,134945,134947],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,134939,134940],{"class":55},"second ",[49,134942,60],{"class":59},[49,134944,357],{"class":346},[49,134946,89024],{"class":350},[49,134948,1124],{"class":346},[49,134950,134951,134953,134955,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,134952,382],{"class":55},[49,134954,60],{"class":59},[49,134956,134957],{"class":55}," first ",[49,134959,1491],{"class":59},[49,134961,357],{"class":346},[49,134963,357],{"class":346},[49,134965,1885],{"class":59},[49,134967,134968],{"class":55}," second\n",[49,134970,134971],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,134972,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,134976,105],{"class":104},[49,134978,108],{"class":63},[49,134980,420],{"class":94},[49,134982,272],{"class":63},[20,134984,275],{},[40,134986,134988],{"className":42,"code":134987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello World\n",[15,134989,134990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134991,134992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134993,134987],{"class":55},[528,134995,120,134997,134999],{"id":134996},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,134998,132721],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[40,135001,135003],{"className":42,"code":135002,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135004,135005,135047,135067,135071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135006,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135026,135028,135030,135032,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135008,3501],{"class":55},[49,135010,60],{"class":59},[49,135012,64],{"class":63},[49,135014,347],{"class":346},[49,135016,6731],{"class":350},[49,135018,347],{"class":346},[49,135020,71],{"class":63},[49,135022,357],{"class":346},[49,135024,135025],{"class":350},"makes",[49,135027,347],{"class":346},[49,135029,71],{"class":63},[49,135031,357],{"class":346},[49,135033,135034],{"class":350},"this",[49,135036,347],{"class":346},[49,135038,71],{"class":63},[49,135040,357],{"class":346},[49,135042,133220],{"class":350},[49,135044,347],{"class":346},[49,135046,82],{"class":63},[49,135048,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135050,382],{"class":55},[49,135052,60],{"class":59},[49,135054,357],{"class":346},[49,135056,357],{"class":346},[49,135058,91],{"class":63},[49,135060,132798],{"class":94},[49,135062,108],{"class":63},[49,135064,3545],{"class":94},[49,135066,272],{"class":63},[49,135068,135069],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135070,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135072,135073,135075,135077,135079],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135074,105],{"class":104},[49,135076,108],{"class":63},[49,135078,420],{"class":94},[49,135080,272],{"class":63},[20,135082,275],{},[40,135084,135086],{"className":42,"code":135085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135087,135088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135089,135090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135091,135085],{"class":55},[20,135093,135094,135096],{},[15,135095,132721],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[137,135098,135099,135102,135105],{},[140,135100,135101],{},"You already have a list of strings",[140,135103,135104],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[140,135106,135107,135108,135110],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135109,1491],{}," operators",[20,135112,135113,135114,91],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[308,135115,135117],{"href":135116},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[35,135119,135121],{"id":135120},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135123,8306,135124,135126],{},[15,135125,132721],{}," is not working, check these first:",[137,135128,135129,135132,135137,135146,135152],{},[140,135130,135131],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[140,135133,135134,135135],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135136,323],{},[140,135138,135139,135140,871,135143],{},"You may have written ",[15,135141,135142],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135144,135145],{},"string.join(...)",[140,135147,135148,135149,135151],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135150,132721],{}," to change the original iterable",[140,135153,135154],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135156,93664],{},[40,135158,135160],{"className":42,"code":135159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135161,135162,135176,135186,135210,135250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135163,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135165,105],{"class":104},[49,135167,108],{"class":63},[49,135169,1175],{"class":1174},[49,135171,108],{"class":63},[49,135173,88],{"class":94},[49,135175,1182],{"class":63},[49,135177,135178,135180,135182,135184],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135179,105],{"class":104},[49,135181,108],{"class":63},[49,135183,88],{"class":94},[49,135185,272],{"class":63},[49,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135189,105],{"class":104},[49,135191,2418],{"class":63},[49,135193,1175],{"class":1174},[49,135195,108],{"class":63},[49,135197,22733],{"class":94},[49,135199,113],{"class":63},[49,135201,3307],{"class":3306},[49,135203,5394],{"class":94},[49,135205,3313],{"class":3306},[49,135207,387],{"class":94},[49,135209,3319],{"class":63},[49,135211,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135213,105],{"class":104},[49,135215,108],{"class":63},[49,135217,2734],{"class":346},[49,135219,2729],{"class":346},[49,135221,91],{"class":63},[49,135223,132798],{"class":94},[49,135225,2418],{"class":63},[49,135227,2734],{"class":346},[49,135229,308],{"class":350},[49,135231,2734],{"class":346},[49,135233,71],{"class":63},[49,135235,2729],{"class":346},[49,135237,360],{"class":350},[49,135239,2734],{"class":346},[49,135241,71],{"class":63},[49,135243,2729],{"class":346},[49,135245,369],{"class":350},[49,135247,2734],{"class":346},[49,135249,2431],{"class":63},[49,135251,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,135253,105],{"class":104},[49,135255,108],{"class":63},[49,135257,2734],{"class":346},[49,135259,1622],{"class":350},[49,135261,2734],{"class":346},[49,135263,91],{"class":63},[49,135265,132798],{"class":94},[49,135267,108],{"class":63},[49,135269,39283],{"class":104},[49,135271,108],{"class":63},[49,135273,2877],{"class":1174},[49,135275,71],{"class":63},[49,135277,64],{"class":63},[49,135279,68],{"class":67},[49,135281,71],{"class":63},[49,135283,74],{"class":67},[49,135285,71],{"class":63},[49,135287,79],{"class":67},[49,135289,36688],{"class":63},[20,135291,135292],{},"What these checks do:",[137,135294,135295,135303,135309,135315,135324],{},[140,135296,135297,135300,135301,7529],{},[15,135298,135299],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135302,88],{},[140,135304,135305,135308],{},[15,135306,135307],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[140,135310,135311,135314],{},[15,135312,135313],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[140,135316,135317,135320,135321,135323],{},[15,135318,135319],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135322,132721],{}," behavior",[140,135325,135326,135329],{},[15,135327,135328],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[35,135331,1253],{"id":1252},[528,135333,1257,135335,135337],{"id":135334},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135336,132721],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135339,135340,135341,135343,135344,91],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135342,132721],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135345,135346],{},"map(str, values)",[528,135348,1257,135350,56445],{"id":135349},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135351,132721],{},[20,135353,135354],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[528,135356,1296,135358,61918],{"id":135357},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135359,132721],{},[20,135361,41576,135362,135364],{},[15,135363,132721],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[528,135366,4573,135368,39384],{"id":135367},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135369,135370],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135372,135373],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[528,135375,135377,135378,135380,135381,1284],{"id":135376},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135379,2437],{}," when using ",[15,135382,132721],{},[20,135384,135385],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[35,135387,1309],{"id":1308},[137,135389,135390,135395,135401,135407,135413],{},[140,135391,135392],{},[308,135393,135394],{"href":135116},"How to join strings in Python",[140,135396,135397],{},[308,135398,125639,135399,736],{"href":128326},[15,135400,59814],{},[140,135402,135403],{},[308,135404,3010,135405,2943],{"href":41598},[15,135406,47108],{},[140,135408,135409],{},[308,135410,1346,135411],{"href":134559},[15,135412,134562],{},[140,135414,135415],{},[308,135416,124394],{"href":50400},[20,135418,96634,135419,135421],{},[15,135420,132721],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1352,135423,135424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":135426},[135427,135428,135430,135433,135440,135450,135458,135468,135475,135476,135488],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":132838,"depth":85,"text":135429},"What join() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":135431},[135432],{"id":48434,"depth":101,"text":48435},{"id":121169,"depth":85,"text":121170,"children":135434},[135435,135436,135437,135438],{"id":133185,"depth":101,"text":133186},{"id":133277,"depth":101,"text":133278},{"id":133378,"depth":101,"text":133379},{"id":133487,"depth":101,"text":135439},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133590,"depth":85,"text":133591,"children":135441},[135442,135444,135446,135448],{"id":133597,"depth":101,"text":135443},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133664,"depth":101,"text":135445},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133753,"depth":101,"text":135447},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133839,"depth":101,"text":135449},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133914,"depth":85,"text":133915,"children":135451},[135452,135453,135454,135456],{"id":133923,"depth":101,"text":133924},{"id":134006,"depth":101,"text":134007},{"id":134160,"depth":101,"text":135455},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134332,"depth":101,"text":135457},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134419,"depth":85,"text":135459,"children":135460},"Common errors with join()",[135461,135463,135465,135466],{"id":134428,"depth":101,"text":135462},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134565,"depth":101,"text":135464},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134709,"depth":101,"text":134710},{"id":134784,"depth":101,"text":135467},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134899,"depth":85,"text":135469,"children":135470},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135471,135473],{"id":134914,"depth":101,"text":135472},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134996,"depth":101,"text":135474},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135120,"depth":85,"text":135121},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":135477},[135478,135480,135482,135484,135486],{"id":135334,"depth":101,"text":135479},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135349,"depth":101,"text":135481},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135357,"depth":101,"text":135483},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135367,"depth":101,"text":135485},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135376,"depth":101,"text":135487},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132713,"description":135489},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135496,"title":135497,"body":135498,"description":137066,"extension":1392,"meta":137067,"navigation":243,"path":137068,"seo":137069,"stem":137070,"__hash__":137071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135499,"toc":137033},[135500,135505,135510,135512,135526,135571,135578,135583,135588,135590,135606,135615,135617,135619,135634,135636,135646,135648,135710,135712,135715,135776,135778,135794,135796,135809,135812,135859,135861,135867,135870,135873,135933,135941,136027,136031,136036,136038,136052,136055,136140,136143,136201,136212,136267,136269,136276,136282,136288,136332,136335,136382,136384,136386,136393,136395,136426,136429,136431,136462,136466,136469,136471,136511,136513,136556,136562,136567,136569,136596,136601,136604,136653,136657,136660,136735,136746,136749,136806,136813,136819,136827,136832,136839,136846,136864,136866,136920,136928,136930,136935,136938,136944,136950,136955,136958,136964,136970,136977,136985,136987,137030],[10,135501,122639,135503,18],{"id":135502},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135504,123369],{},[20,135506,122644,135507,135509],{},[15,135508,123369],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135511,23510],{},[137,135513,135514,135517,135520,135523],{},[140,135515,135516],{},"convert text to lowercase",[140,135518,135519],{},"compare text without case differences",[140,135521,135522],{},"clean up user input",[140,135524,135525],{},"make simple text matching easier",[40,135527,135529],{"className":42,"code":135528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135530,135531,135544,135558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135532,135533,135535,135537,135539,135542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135534,1114],{"class":55},[49,135536,60],{"class":59},[49,135538,357],{"class":346},[49,135540,135541],{"class":350},"Hello WORLD",[49,135543,1124],{"class":346},[49,135545,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135547,382],{"class":55},[49,135549,60],{"class":59},[49,135551,42265],{"class":55},[49,135553,91],{"class":63},[49,135555,8071],{"class":94},[49,135557,98],{"class":63},[49,135559,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135561,105],{"class":104},[49,135563,108],{"class":63},[49,135565,420],{"class":94},[49,135567,113],{"class":63},[49,135569,135570],{"class":116},"  # hello world\n",[20,135572,135573,88247,135575,135577],{},[30,135574,83105],{},[15,135576,123369],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[35,135579,127,135581,130],{"id":135580},"what-lower-does",[15,135582,123369],{},[20,135584,135585,135587],{},[15,135586,123369],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135589,12471],{},[137,135591,135592,135597,135600,135603],{},[140,135593,135594,135596],{},[15,135595,123369],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[140,135598,135599],{},"It works on string objects",[140,135601,135602],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[140,135604,135605],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135607,124391,135608,135612,135613,91],{},[308,135609,135611],{"href":135610},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[308,135614,50401],{"href":50400},[35,135616,164],{"id":163},[20,135618,1592],{},[40,135620,135622],{"className":42,"code":135621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.lower()\n",[15,135623,135624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135625,135626,135628,135630,135632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135627,60457],{"class":55},[49,135629,91],{"class":63},[49,135631,8071],{"class":94},[49,135633,98],{"class":63},[20,135635,43073],{},[137,135637,135638,135640,135643],{},[140,135639,96812],{},[140,135641,135642],{},"You call it directly on a string",[140,135644,135645],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135647,761],{},[40,135649,135651],{"className":42,"code":135650,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135652,135653,135676,135680,135693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135654,135655,135657,135659,135661,135664,135666,135668,135670,135673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135656,105],{"class":104},[49,135658,108],{"class":63},[49,135660,347],{"class":346},[49,135662,135663],{"class":350},"HELLO",[49,135665,347],{"class":346},[49,135667,91],{"class":63},[49,135669,8071],{"class":94},[49,135671,135672],{"class":63},"())",[49,135674,135675],{"class":116},"  # hello\n",[49,135677,135678],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135679,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135691],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135683,7308],{"class":55},[49,135685,60],{"class":59},[49,135687,357],{"class":346},[49,135689,135690],{"class":350},"PyThOn",[49,135692,1124],{"class":346},[49,135694,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135696,105],{"class":104},[49,135698,108],{"class":63},[49,135700,7103],{"class":94},[49,135702,91],{"class":63},[49,135704,8071],{"class":94},[49,135706,135672],{"class":63},[49,135708,135709],{"class":116},"  # python\n",[35,135711,201],{"id":200},[20,135713,135714],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[40,135716,135718],{"className":42,"code":135717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135719,135720,135732,135736,135751,135755,135766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135721,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135723,1114],{"class":55},[49,135725,60],{"class":59},[49,135727,357],{"class":346},[49,135729,135541],{"class":350},[49,135731,1124],{"class":346},[49,135733,135734],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135735,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135737,135738,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135739,135740],{"class":55},"lower_text ",[49,135742,60],{"class":59},[49,135744,42265],{"class":55},[49,135746,91],{"class":63},[49,135748,8071],{"class":94},[49,135750,98],{"class":63},[49,135752,135753],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135754,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135756,135757,135759,135761,135764],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,135758,105],{"class":104},[49,135760,108],{"class":63},[49,135762,135763],{"class":94},"lower_text",[49,135765,272],{"class":63},[49,135767,135768,135770,135772,135774],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,135769,105],{"class":104},[49,135771,108],{"class":63},[49,135773,1129],{"class":94},[49,135775,272],{"class":63},[20,135777,275],{},[40,135779,135781],{"className":42,"code":135780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135782,135783,135787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135784,135785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135786,133655],{"class":55},[49,135788,135789,135791],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135790,131055],{"class":55},[49,135792,135793],{"class":33875},"WORLD\n",[20,135795,24030],{},[137,135797,135798,135803],{},[140,135799,135800,135802],{},[15,135801,123369],{}," returns the lowercase result",[140,135804,135805,135806,135808],{},"the original ",[15,135807,1129],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135810,135811],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[40,135813,135815],{"className":42,"code":135814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135816,135817,135829,135843,135847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135818,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135820,1114],{"class":55},[49,135822,60],{"class":59},[49,135824,357],{"class":346},[49,135826,135541],{"class":350},[49,135828,1124],{"class":346},[49,135830,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135832,1114],{"class":55},[49,135834,60],{"class":59},[49,135836,42265],{"class":55},[49,135838,91],{"class":63},[49,135840,8071],{"class":94},[49,135842,98],{"class":63},[49,135844,135845],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135846,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135848,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135850,105],{"class":104},[49,135852,108],{"class":63},[49,135854,1129],{"class":94},[49,135856,113],{"class":63},[49,135858,135570],{"class":116},[35,135860,315],{"id":314},[20,135862,135863,21397,135865,91],{},[15,135864,123369],{},[30,135866,60457],{},[20,135868,135869],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135871,135872],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[40,135874,135876],{"className":42,"code":135875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135877,135878,135892,135896,135919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135879,135880,135883,135885,135887,135890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135881,135882],{"class":55},"answer ",[49,135884,60],{"class":59},[49,135886,357],{"class":346},[49,135888,135889],{"class":350},"YES",[49,135891,1124],{"class":346},[49,135893,135894],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135895,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135897,135898,135900,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135899,6431],{"class":3306},[49,135901,135902],{"class":55}," answer",[49,135904,91],{"class":63},[49,135906,8071],{"class":94},[49,135908,6800],{"class":63},[49,135910,5841],{"class":59},[49,135912,357],{"class":346},[49,135914,8088],{"class":350},[49,135916,347],{"class":346},[49,135918,5826],{"class":63},[49,135920,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135922,7501],{"class":104},[49,135924,108],{"class":63},[49,135926,347],{"class":346},[49,135928,96121],{"class":350},[49,135930,347],{"class":346},[49,135932,272],{"class":63},[20,135934,135935,135936,135],{},"This is especially useful with ",[308,135937,135938,135939,1735],{"href":7652},"the ",[15,135940,2390],{},[40,135942,135944],{"className":42,"code":135943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,135945,135946,135965,135969,135991,136006,136012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135961,135963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135949,135882],{"class":55},[49,135951,60],{"class":59},[49,135953,7675],{"class":104},[49,135955,108],{"class":63},[49,135957,347],{"class":346},[49,135959,135960],{"class":350},"Type yes or no: ",[49,135962,347],{"class":346},[49,135964,272],{"class":63},[49,135966,135967],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,135968,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,135970,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,135972,6431],{"class":3306},[49,135974,135902],{"class":55},[49,135976,91],{"class":63},[49,135978,8071],{"class":94},[49,135980,6800],{"class":63},[49,135982,5841],{"class":59},[49,135984,357],{"class":346},[49,135986,8088],{"class":350},[49,135988,347],{"class":346},[49,135990,5826],{"class":63},[49,135992,135993,135995,135997,135999,136002,136004],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,135994,7501],{"class":104},[49,135996,108],{"class":63},[49,135998,347],{"class":346},[49,136000,136001],{"class":350},"You typed yes",[49,136003,347],{"class":346},[49,136005,272],{"class":63},[49,136007,136008,136010],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,136009,26857],{"class":3306},[49,136011,5826],{"class":63},[49,136013,136014,136016,136018,136020,136023,136025],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,136015,7501],{"class":104},[49,136017,108],{"class":63},[49,136019,347],{"class":346},[49,136021,136022],{"class":350},"You typed something else",[49,136024,347],{"class":346},[49,136026,272],{"class":63},[35,136028,136030],{"id":136029},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136032,136033,136035],{},[15,136034,123369],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136037,6777],{},[137,136039,136040,136043,136046,136049],{},[140,136041,136042],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[140,136044,136045],{},"Make text matching easier",[140,136047,136048],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[140,136050,136051],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136053,136054],{},"Example: checking user input",[40,136056,136058],{"className":42,"code":136057,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136059,136060,136078,136082,136104,136119,136125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136061,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136063,44382],{"class":55},[49,136065,60],{"class":59},[49,136067,7675],{"class":104},[49,136069,108],{"class":63},[49,136071,347],{"class":346},[49,136073,44393],{"class":350},[49,136075,347],{"class":346},[49,136077,272],{"class":63},[49,136079,136080],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136081,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136083,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136085,6431],{"class":3306},[49,136087,35273],{"class":55},[49,136089,91],{"class":63},[49,136091,8071],{"class":94},[49,136093,6800],{"class":63},[49,136095,5841],{"class":59},[49,136097,357],{"class":346},[49,136099,12529],{"class":350},[49,136101,347],{"class":346},[49,136103,5826],{"class":63},[49,136105,136106,136108,136110,136112,136115,136117],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136107,7501],{"class":104},[49,136109,108],{"class":63},[49,136111,347],{"class":346},[49,136113,136114],{"class":350},"Nice choice!",[49,136116,347],{"class":346},[49,136118,272],{"class":63},[49,136120,136121,136123],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,136122,26857],{"class":3306},[49,136124,5826],{"class":63},[49,136126,136127,136129,136131,136133,136136,136138],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,136128,7501],{"class":104},[49,136130,108],{"class":63},[49,136132,347],{"class":346},[49,136134,136135],{"class":350},"Got it.",[49,136137,347],{"class":346},[49,136139,272],{"class":63},[20,136141,136142],{},"Example: simple search",[40,136144,136146],{"className":42,"code":136145,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136147,136148,136161,136165,136186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136149,136150,136152,136154,136156,136159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136151,89291],{"class":55},[49,136153,60],{"class":59},[49,136155,357],{"class":346},[49,136157,136158],{"class":350},"Python Is Fun",[49,136160,1124],{"class":346},[49,136162,136163],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136164,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136166,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175,136177,136180,136182,136184],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136168,6431],{"class":3306},[49,136170,357],{"class":346},[49,136172,44],{"class":350},[49,136174,347],{"class":346},[49,136176,20595],{"class":59},[49,136178,136179],{"class":55}," message",[49,136181,91],{"class":63},[49,136183,8071],{"class":94},[49,136185,21017],{"class":63},[49,136187,136188,136190,136192,136194,136197,136199],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136189,7501],{"class":104},[49,136191,108],{"class":63},[49,136193,347],{"class":346},[49,136195,136196],{"class":350},"Found it",[49,136198,347],{"class":346},[49,136200,272],{"class":63},[20,136202,136203,136204,136206,136207,135],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136205,123369],{}," is often used with ",[308,136208,136210],{"href":136209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136211,41077],{},[40,136213,136215],{"className":42,"code":136214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136216,136217,136230,136249,136253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136220,7308],{"class":55},[49,136222,60],{"class":59},[49,136224,357],{"class":346},[49,136226,136227],{"class":350},"  ALICE  ",[49,136229,1124],{"class":346},[49,136231,136232,136235,136237,136239,136241,136243,136245,136247],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136233,136234],{"class":55},"clean_name ",[49,136236,60],{"class":59},[49,136238,35414],{"class":55},[49,136240,91],{"class":63},[49,136242,8065],{"class":94},[49,136244,8068],{"class":63},[49,136246,8071],{"class":94},[49,136248,98],{"class":63},[49,136250,136251],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136252,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136254,136255,136257,136259,136262,136264],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136256,105],{"class":104},[49,136258,108],{"class":63},[49,136260,136261],{"class":94},"clean_name",[49,136263,113],{"class":63},[49,136265,136266],{"class":116},"  # alice\n",[35,136268,15018],{"id":15017},[20,136270,136271,136272,136275],{},"Strings are ",[30,136273,136274],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136277,136278,136279,136281],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136280,123369],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136283,136284,136285,136287],{},"So this does ",[30,136286,329],{}," update the original variable:",[40,136289,136291],{"className":42,"code":136290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136292,136293,136305,136315,136319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136294,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136296,1114],{"class":55},[49,136298,60],{"class":59},[49,136300,357],{"class":346},[49,136302,135663],{"class":350},[49,136304,1124],{"class":346},[49,136306,136307,136309,136311,136313],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136308,1129],{"class":55},[49,136310,91],{"class":63},[49,136312,8071],{"class":94},[49,136314,98],{"class":63},[49,136316,136317],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136318,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136322,105],{"class":104},[49,136324,108],{"class":63},[49,136326,1129],{"class":94},[49,136328,113],{"class":63},[49,136330,136331],{"class":116},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136333,136334],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[40,136336,136338],{"className":42,"code":136337,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136339,136340,136352,136366,136370],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136341,136342,136344,136346,136348,136350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136343,1114],{"class":55},[49,136345,60],{"class":59},[49,136347,357],{"class":346},[49,136349,135663],{"class":350},[49,136351,1124],{"class":346},[49,136353,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362,136364],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136355,1114],{"class":55},[49,136357,60],{"class":59},[49,136359,42265],{"class":55},[49,136361,91],{"class":63},[49,136363,8071],{"class":94},[49,136365,98],{"class":63},[49,136367,136368],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136369,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378,136380],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136373,105],{"class":104},[49,136375,108],{"class":63},[49,136377,1129],{"class":94},[49,136379,113],{"class":63},[49,136381,135675],{"class":116},[35,136383,2261],{"id":2260},[528,136385,25110],{"id":25109},[20,136387,136388,136389,871,136391,91],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136390,8071],{},[15,136392,123369],{},[20,136394,16066],{},[40,136396,136398],{"className":42,"code":136397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136399,136400,136412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136403,1114],{"class":55},[49,136405,60],{"class":59},[49,136407,357],{"class":346},[49,136409,135663],{"class":350},[49,136411,1124],{"class":346},[49,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136415,105],{"class":104},[49,136417,108],{"class":63},[49,136419,1129],{"class":94},[49,136421,91],{"class":63},[49,136423,8071],{"class":915},[49,136425,272],{"class":63},[20,136427,136428],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136430,16078],{},[40,136432,136434],{"className":42,"code":136433,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136435,136436,136448],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136437,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136439,1114],{"class":55},[49,136441,60],{"class":59},[49,136443,357],{"class":346},[49,136445,135663],{"class":350},[49,136447,1124],{"class":346},[49,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136451,105],{"class":104},[49,136453,108],{"class":63},[49,136455,1129],{"class":94},[49,136457,91],{"class":63},[49,136459,8071],{"class":94},[49,136461,6628],{"class":63},[528,136463,136465],{"id":136464},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136467,136468],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136470,16066],{},[40,136472,136474],{"className":42,"code":136473,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136475,136476,136488,136498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136477,136478,136480,136482,136484,136486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136479,1114],{"class":55},[49,136481,60],{"class":59},[49,136483,357],{"class":346},[49,136485,135663],{"class":350},[49,136487,1124],{"class":346},[49,136489,136490,136492,136494,136496],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136491,1129],{"class":55},[49,136493,91],{"class":63},[49,136495,8071],{"class":94},[49,136497,98],{"class":63},[49,136499,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136501,105],{"class":104},[49,136503,108],{"class":63},[49,136505,1129],{"class":94},[49,136507,113],{"class":63},[49,136509,136510],{"class":116},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136512,16078],{},[40,136514,136516],{"className":42,"code":136515,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136517,136518,136530,136544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136519,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136521,1114],{"class":55},[49,136523,60],{"class":59},[49,136525,357],{"class":346},[49,136527,135663],{"class":350},[49,136529,1124],{"class":346},[49,136531,136532,136534,136536,136538,136540,136542],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136533,1114],{"class":55},[49,136535,60],{"class":59},[49,136537,42265],{"class":55},[49,136539,91],{"class":63},[49,136541,8071],{"class":94},[49,136543,98],{"class":63},[49,136545,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136547,105],{"class":104},[49,136549,108],{"class":63},[49,136551,1129],{"class":94},[49,136553,113],{"class":63},[49,136555,135675],{"class":116},[528,136557,1092,136559,136561],{"id":136558},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136560,123369],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136563,136564,136566],{},[15,136565,123369],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136568,16066],{},[40,136570,136572],{"className":42,"code":136571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136573,136574,136582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136575,136576,136578,136580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136577,1650],{"class":55},[49,136579,60],{"class":59},[49,136581,124321],{"class":67},[49,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136585,105],{"class":104},[49,136587,108],{"class":63},[49,136589,1672],{"class":94},[49,136591,91],{"class":63},[49,136593,8071],{"class":94},[49,136595,6628],{"class":63},[20,136597,136598,136599,1141],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136600,123369],{},[20,136602,136603],{},"You can check the type first:",[40,136605,136607],{"className":42,"code":136606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136608,136609,136621,136625,136639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136610,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136612,1114],{"class":55},[49,136614,60],{"class":59},[49,136616,357],{"class":346},[49,136618,135663],{"class":350},[49,136620,1124],{"class":346},[49,136622,136623],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136624,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136626,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136628,105],{"class":104},[49,136630,108],{"class":63},[49,136632,1175],{"class":1174},[49,136634,108],{"class":63},[49,136636,1129],{"class":94},[49,136638,1182],{"class":63},[49,136640,136641,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136642,105],{"class":104},[49,136644,108],{"class":63},[49,136646,1129],{"class":94},[49,136648,91],{"class":63},[49,136650,8071],{"class":94},[49,136652,6628],{"class":63},[528,136654,136656],{"id":136655},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136658,136659],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[40,136661,136663],{"className":42,"code":136662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136664,136665,136678,136682,136699,136714,136720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136666,136667,136669,136671,136673,136676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136668,135882],{"class":55},[49,136670,60],{"class":59},[49,136672,357],{"class":346},[49,136674,136675],{"class":350},"Yes",[49,136677,1124],{"class":346},[49,136679,136680],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136681,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136683,136684,136686,136689,136691,136693,136695,136697],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136685,6431],{"class":3306},[49,136687,136688],{"class":55}," answer ",[49,136690,4119],{"class":59},[49,136692,357],{"class":346},[49,136694,8088],{"class":350},[49,136696,347],{"class":346},[49,136698,5826],{"class":63},[49,136700,136701,136703,136705,136707,136710,136712],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136702,7501],{"class":104},[49,136704,108],{"class":63},[49,136706,347],{"class":346},[49,136708,136709],{"class":350},"Match",[49,136711,347],{"class":346},[49,136713,272],{"class":63},[49,136715,136716,136718],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,136717,26857],{"class":3306},[49,136719,5826],{"class":63},[49,136721,136722,136724,136726,136728,136731,136733],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,136723,7501],{"class":104},[49,136725,108],{"class":63},[49,136727,347],{"class":346},[49,136729,136730],{"class":350},"No match",[49,136732,347],{"class":346},[49,136734,272],{"class":63},[20,136736,28484,136737,618,136740,136743,136744,91],{},[15,136738,136739],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136741,136742],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136745,136730],{},[20,136747,136748],{},"Better:",[40,136750,136752],{"className":42,"code":136751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136753,136754,136766,136770,136792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136755,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136757,135882],{"class":55},[49,136759,60],{"class":59},[49,136761,357],{"class":346},[49,136763,136675],{"class":350},[49,136765,1124],{"class":346},[49,136767,136768],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136769,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136771,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136773,6431],{"class":3306},[49,136775,135902],{"class":55},[49,136777,91],{"class":63},[49,136779,8071],{"class":94},[49,136781,6800],{"class":63},[49,136783,5841],{"class":59},[49,136785,357],{"class":346},[49,136787,8088],{"class":350},[49,136789,347],{"class":346},[49,136791,5826],{"class":63},[49,136793,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136795,7501],{"class":104},[49,136797,108],{"class":63},[49,136799,347],{"class":346},[49,136801,136709],{"class":350},[49,136803,347],{"class":346},[49,136805,272],{"class":63},[528,136807,43636,136809,136812],{"id":136808},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136810,136811],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136814,136815,136816,136818],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136817,123369],{}," is enough.",[20,136820,136821,136822,136824,136825,91],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136823,136811],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136826,123369],{},[20,136828,136829,136830,121881],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136831,123369],{},[35,136833,136835,10018,136837],{"id":136834},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136836,123369],{},[15,136838,127517],{},[20,136840,136841,618,136843,136845],{},[15,136842,123369],{},[15,136844,127517],{}," are very similar.",[137,136847,136848,136853,136858,136861],{},[140,136849,136850,136852],{},[15,136851,123369],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[140,136854,136855,136857],{},[15,136856,127517],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[140,136859,136860],{},"Both return new strings",[140,136862,136863],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136865,761],{},[40,136867,136869],{"className":42,"code":136868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136870,136871,136883,136887,136903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136874,1114],{"class":55},[49,136876,60],{"class":59},[49,136878,357],{"class":346},[49,136880,128358],{"class":350},[49,136882,1124],{"class":346},[49,136884,136885],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,136886,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,136890,105],{"class":104},[49,136892,108],{"class":63},[49,136894,1129],{"class":94},[49,136896,91],{"class":63},[49,136898,8071],{"class":94},[49,136900,135672],{"class":63},[49,136902,135570],{"class":116},[49,136904,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,136906,105],{"class":104},[49,136908,108],{"class":63},[49,136910,1129],{"class":94},[49,136912,91],{"class":63},[49,136914,33900],{"class":94},[49,136916,135672],{"class":63},[49,136918,136919],{"class":116},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,136921,136922,136923,91],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[308,136924,125639,136926,736],{"href":136925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,136927,127517],{},[35,136929,1253],{"id":1252},[528,136931,1257,136933,123966],{"id":136932},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,136934,123369],{},[20,136936,136937],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[528,136939,1257,136941,136943],{"id":136940},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,136942,123369],{}," take any arguments?",[20,136945,136946,136947,91],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,136948,136949],{},"string.lower()",[528,136951,4573,136953,12137],{"id":136952},"what-does-lower-return",[15,136954,123369],{},[20,136956,136957],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[528,136959,1296,136961,136963],{"id":136960},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,136962,123369],{}," on user input?",[20,136965,136966,136967,136969],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,136968,2390],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[528,136971,1279,136973,618,136975,1284],{"id":136972},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,136974,123369],{},[15,136976,136811],{},[20,136978,136979,136981,136982,136984],{},[15,136980,123369],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,136983,136811],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[35,136986,1309],{"id":1308},[137,136988,136989,136993,136999,137005,137011,137015,137019,137025],{},[140,136990,136991],{},[308,136992,50401],{"href":50400},[140,136994,136995],{},[308,136996,125639,136997,736],{"href":136925},[15,136998,127517],{},[140,137000,137001],{},[308,137002,125639,137003,736],{"href":136209},[15,137004,41077],{},[140,137006,137007],{},[308,137008,125639,137009,736],{"href":129220},[15,137010,123810],{},[140,137012,137013],{},[308,137014,124038],{"href":122894},[140,137016,137017],{},[308,137018,89967],{"href":88976},[140,137020,137021],{},[308,137022,3010,137023,2943],{"href":7652},[15,137024,2390],{},[140,137026,137027],{},[308,137028,137029],{"href":135610},"What is a string in Python?",[1352,137031,137032],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":137034},[137035,137037,137038,137039,137040,137041,137042,137051,137053,137065],{"id":135580,"depth":85,"text":137036},"What lower() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":136029,"depth":85,"text":136030},{"id":15017,"depth":85,"text":15018},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":137043},[137044,137045,137046,137048,137049],{"id":25109,"depth":101,"text":25110},{"id":136464,"depth":101,"text":136465},{"id":136558,"depth":101,"text":137047},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136655,"depth":101,"text":136656},{"id":136808,"depth":101,"text":137050},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136834,"depth":85,"text":137052},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":137054},[137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"id":136932,"depth":101,"text":137056},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136940,"depth":101,"text":137058},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136952,"depth":101,"text":137060},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136960,"depth":101,"text":137062},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136972,"depth":101,"text":137064},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135497,"description":137066},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137073,"title":137074,"body":137075,"description":138625,"extension":1392,"meta":138626,"navigation":243,"path":138627,"seo":138628,"stem":138629,"__hash__":138630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137076,"toc":138586},[137077,137082,137087,137093,137108,137110,137170,137172,137181,137187,137192,137197,137199,137213,137217,137219,137266,137268,137286,137288,137291,137362,137364,137378,137381,137393,137402,137406,137411,137416,137420,137486,137488,137497,137501,137566,137568,137577,137580,137585,137589,137594,137598,137659,137661,137670,137674,137677,137733,137735,137744,137747,137760,137762,137766,137773,137835,137837,137850,137856,137859,137866,137871,137876,137879,137887,137889,137950,137952,137961,137964,138011,138014,138061,138063,138068,138085,138092,138097,138150,138152,138160,138162,138219,138221,138229,138233,138280,138282,138290,138298,138302,138350,138352,138361,138366,138417,138419,138428,138435,138438,138459,138461,138466,138469,138473,138476,138480,138483,138510,138516,138519,138546,138551,138553,138555,138583],[10,137078,122639,137080,18],{"id":137079},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137081,123810],{},[20,137083,122644,137084,137086],{},[15,137085,123810],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137088,137089,137090,137092],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137091,123810],{},". You will learn:",[137,137094,137095,137099,137102,137105],{},[140,137096,25442,137097,130],{},[15,137098,123810],{},[140,137100,137101],{},"how its syntax works",[140,137103,137104],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[140,137106,137107],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[35,137109,1434],{"id":1433},[40,137111,137113],{"className":42,"code":137112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137114,137115,137128,137160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137118,1114],{"class":55},[49,137120,60],{"class":59},[49,137122,357],{"class":346},[49,137124,137125],{"class":350},"I like cats",[49,137127,1124],{"class":346},[49,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144,137147,137149,137151,137153,137156,137158],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137131,129478],{"class":55},[49,137133,60],{"class":59},[49,137135,42265],{"class":55},[49,137137,91],{"class":63},[49,137139,34420],{"class":94},[49,137141,108],{"class":63},[49,137143,347],{"class":346},[49,137145,137146],{"class":350},"cats",[49,137148,347],{"class":346},[49,137150,71],{"class":63},[49,137152,357],{"class":346},[49,137154,137155],{"class":350},"dogs",[49,137157,347],{"class":346},[49,137159,272],{"class":63},[49,137161,137162,137164,137166,137168],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137163,105],{"class":104},[49,137165,108],{"class":63},[49,137167,129509],{"class":94},[49,137169,272],{"class":63},[20,137171,275],{},[40,137173,137175],{"className":42,"code":137174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like dogs\n",[15,137176,137177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137178,137179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137180,137174],{"class":55},[20,137182,120,137183,137186],{},[15,137184,137185],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[35,137188,127,137190,130],{"id":137189},"what-replace-does",[15,137191,123810],{},[20,137193,137194,137196],{},[15,137195,123810],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137198,12471],{},[137,137200,137201,137203,137205,137208],{},[140,137202,132887],{},[140,137204,135605],{},[140,137206,137207],{},"It works on exact matches",[140,137209,137210,137211],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137212,40683],{},[20,137214,124391,137215,91],{},[308,137216,124394],{"href":50400},[35,137218,4863],{"id":4862},[40,137220,137222],{"className":42,"code":137221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137223,137224,137244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137225,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234,137237,137239,137242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137227,60457],{"class":55},[49,137229,91],{"class":63},[49,137231,34420],{"class":94},[49,137233,108],{"class":63},[49,137235,137236],{"class":94},"old",[49,137238,71],{"class":63},[49,137240,137241],{"class":94}," new",[49,137243,272],{"class":63},[49,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137247,60457],{"class":55},[49,137249,91],{"class":63},[49,137251,34420],{"class":94},[49,137253,108],{"class":63},[49,137255,137236],{"class":94},[49,137257,71],{"class":63},[49,137259,137241],{"class":94},[49,137261,71],{"class":63},[49,137263,49027],{"class":94},[49,137265,272],{"class":63},[528,137267,16818],{"id":16817},[137,137269,137270,137275,137281],{},[140,137271,137272,137274],{},[15,137273,137236],{}," = the text to find",[140,137276,137277,137280],{},[15,137278,137279],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[140,137282,137283,137285],{},[15,137284,40683],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[35,137287,5220],{"id":5219},[20,137289,137290],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[40,137292,137294],{"className":42,"code":137293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137295,137296,137308,137338,137342,137352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137297,137298,137300,137302,137304,137306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137299,1114],{"class":55},[49,137301,60],{"class":59},[49,137303,357],{"class":346},[49,137305,137125],{"class":350},[49,137307,1124],{"class":346},[49,137309,137310,137312,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332,137334,137336],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137311,129478],{"class":55},[49,137313,60],{"class":59},[49,137315,42265],{"class":55},[49,137317,91],{"class":63},[49,137319,34420],{"class":94},[49,137321,108],{"class":63},[49,137323,347],{"class":346},[49,137325,137146],{"class":350},[49,137327,347],{"class":346},[49,137329,71],{"class":63},[49,137331,357],{"class":346},[49,137333,137155],{"class":350},[49,137335,347],{"class":346},[49,137337,272],{"class":63},[49,137339,137340],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137341,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137345,105],{"class":104},[49,137347,108],{"class":63},[49,137349,1129],{"class":94},[49,137351,272],{"class":63},[49,137353,137354,137356,137358,137360],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,137355,105],{"class":104},[49,137357,108],{"class":63},[49,137359,129509],{"class":94},[49,137361,272],{"class":63},[20,137363,275],{},[40,137365,137367],{"className":42,"code":137366,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137368,137369,137374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137370,137371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137372,137373],{"class":55},"I like cats\n",[49,137375,137376],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137377,137174],{"class":55},[20,137379,137380],{},"Notice what happened:",[137,137382,137383,137388],{},[140,137384,137385,137387],{},[15,137386,1129],{}," did not change",[140,137389,137390,137392],{},[15,137391,129509],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137394,137395,137396,137398,137399,137401],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137397,136274],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137400,123810],{}," return a new string instead.",[35,137403,137405],{"id":137404},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137407,88985,137408,137410],{},[15,137409,123810],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137412,137413,137414,36044],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137415,40683],{},[528,137417,137419],{"id":137418},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[40,137421,137423],{"className":42,"code":137422,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137424,137425,137438,137472,137476],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137426,137427,137429,137431,137433,137436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137428,1114],{"class":55},[49,137430,60],{"class":59},[49,137432,357],{"class":346},[49,137434,137435],{"class":350},"cat cat cat",[49,137437,1124],{"class":346},[49,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468,137470],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137441,382],{"class":55},[49,137443,60],{"class":59},[49,137445,42265],{"class":55},[49,137447,91],{"class":63},[49,137449,34420],{"class":94},[49,137451,108],{"class":63},[49,137453,347],{"class":346},[49,137455,36470],{"class":350},[49,137457,347],{"class":346},[49,137459,71],{"class":63},[49,137461,357],{"class":346},[49,137463,57409],{"class":350},[49,137465,347],{"class":346},[49,137467,71],{"class":63},[49,137469,4930],{"class":67},[49,137471,272],{"class":63},[49,137473,137474],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137475,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137479,105],{"class":104},[49,137481,108],{"class":63},[49,137483,420],{"class":94},[49,137485,272],{"class":63},[20,137487,275],{},[40,137489,137491],{"className":42,"code":137490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137492,137493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137494,137495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137496,137490],{"class":55},[528,137498,137500],{"id":137499},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[40,137502,137504],{"className":42,"code":137503,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137505,137506,137518,137552,137556],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137509,1114],{"class":55},[49,137511,60],{"class":59},[49,137513,357],{"class":346},[49,137515,137435],{"class":350},[49,137517,1124],{"class":346},[49,137519,137520,137522,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137521,382],{"class":55},[49,137523,60],{"class":59},[49,137525,42265],{"class":55},[49,137527,91],{"class":63},[49,137529,34420],{"class":94},[49,137531,108],{"class":63},[49,137533,347],{"class":346},[49,137535,36470],{"class":350},[49,137537,347],{"class":346},[49,137539,71],{"class":63},[49,137541,357],{"class":346},[49,137543,57409],{"class":350},[49,137545,347],{"class":346},[49,137547,71],{"class":63},[49,137549,74],{"class":67},[49,137551,272],{"class":63},[49,137553,137554],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137555,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137557,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137559,105],{"class":104},[49,137561,108],{"class":63},[49,137563,420],{"class":94},[49,137565,272],{"class":63},[20,137567,275],{},[40,137569,137571],{"className":42,"code":137570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137572,137573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137574,137575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137576,137570],{"class":55},[20,137578,137579],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137581,137582,137583,91],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[308,137584,127363],{"href":123807},[35,137586,137588],{"id":137587},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137590,137591,137593],{},[15,137592,123810],{}," can also change single characters.",[528,137595,137597],{"id":137596},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[40,137599,137601],{"className":42,"code":137600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137602,137603,137615,137645,137649],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137604,137605,137607,137609,137611,137613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137606,1114],{"class":55},[49,137608,60],{"class":59},[49,137610,357],{"class":346},[49,137612,3519],{"class":350},[49,137614,1124],{"class":346},[49,137616,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137618,382],{"class":55},[49,137620,60],{"class":59},[49,137622,42265],{"class":55},[49,137624,91],{"class":63},[49,137626,34420],{"class":94},[49,137628,108],{"class":63},[49,137630,347],{"class":346},[49,137632,308],{"class":350},[49,137634,347],{"class":346},[49,137636,71],{"class":63},[49,137638,357],{"class":346},[49,137640,59756],{"class":350},[49,137642,347],{"class":346},[49,137644,272],{"class":63},[49,137646,137647],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137648,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137650,137651,137653,137655,137657],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137652,105],{"class":104},[49,137654,108],{"class":63},[49,137656,420],{"class":94},[49,137658,272],{"class":63},[20,137660,275],{},[40,137662,137664],{"className":42,"code":137663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bonono\n",[15,137665,137666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137667,137668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137669,137663],{"class":55},[528,137671,137673],{"id":137672},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137675,137676],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[40,137678,137680],{"className":42,"code":137679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137681,137682,137695,137719,137723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137683,137684,137686,137688,137690,137693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137685,1114],{"class":55},[49,137687,60],{"class":59},[49,137689,357],{"class":346},[49,137691,137692],{"class":350},"a b c",[49,137694,1124],{"class":346},[49,137696,137697,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137698,382],{"class":55},[49,137700,60],{"class":59},[49,137702,42265],{"class":55},[49,137704,91],{"class":63},[49,137706,34420],{"class":94},[49,137708,108],{"class":63},[49,137710,347],{"class":346},[49,137712,357],{"class":346},[49,137714,71],{"class":63},[49,137716,5559],{"class":346},[49,137718,272],{"class":63},[49,137720,137721],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137722,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137724,137725,137727,137729,137731],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137726,105],{"class":104},[49,137728,108],{"class":63},[49,137730,420],{"class":94},[49,137732,272],{"class":63},[20,137734,275],{},[40,137736,137738],{"className":42,"code":137737,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abc\n",[15,137739,137740],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137741,137742],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137743,137737],{"class":55},[20,137745,137746],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137748,137749,137750,137754,137755,137759],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[308,137751,125639,137752,736],{"href":128326},[15,137753,59814],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[308,137756,125639,137757,736],{"href":136209},[15,137758,41077],{}," is often a better choice.",[35,137761,123286],{"id":123285},[20,137763,137764,123097],{},[15,137765,123810],{},[20,137767,126684,137768,618,137770,126691],{},[15,137769,112323],{},[15,137771,137772],{},"\"Cat\"",[40,137774,137776],{"className":42,"code":137775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137777,137778,137791,137821,137825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137781,1114],{"class":55},[49,137783,60],{"class":59},[49,137785,357],{"class":346},[49,137787,137788],{"class":350},"Cat cat CAT",[49,137790,1124],{"class":346},[49,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137794,382],{"class":55},[49,137796,60],{"class":59},[49,137798,42265],{"class":55},[49,137800,91],{"class":63},[49,137802,34420],{"class":94},[49,137804,108],{"class":63},[49,137806,347],{"class":346},[49,137808,36470],{"class":350},[49,137810,347],{"class":346},[49,137812,71],{"class":63},[49,137814,357],{"class":346},[49,137816,57409],{"class":350},[49,137818,347],{"class":346},[49,137820,272],{"class":63},[49,137822,137823],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137824,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137826,137827,137829,137831,137833],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137828,105],{"class":104},[49,137830,108],{"class":63},[49,137832,420],{"class":94},[49,137834,272],{"class":63},[20,137836,275],{},[40,137838,137840],{"className":42,"code":137839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137841,137842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137843,137844,137847],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137845,137846],{"class":55},"Cat dog ",[49,137848,137849],{"class":33875},"CAT\n",[20,137851,137852,137853,137855],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137854,112323],{}," was replaced.",[20,137857,137858],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137860,137861,137862,91],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[308,137863,125639,137864,736],{"href":123366},[15,137865,123369],{},[35,137867,127,137869,11129],{"id":137868},"what-replace-returns",[15,137870,123810],{},[20,137872,137873,137875],{},[15,137874,123810],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137877,137878],{},"If no match is found:",[137,137880,137881,137884],{},[140,137882,137883],{},"no error happens",[140,137885,137886],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137888,761],{},[40,137890,137892],{"className":42,"code":137891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137893,137894,137906,137936,137940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137897,1114],{"class":55},[49,137899,60],{"class":59},[49,137901,357],{"class":346},[49,137903,1121],{"class":350},[49,137905,1124],{"class":346},[49,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137909,382],{"class":55},[49,137911,60],{"class":59},[49,137913,42265],{"class":55},[49,137915,91],{"class":63},[49,137917,34420],{"class":94},[49,137919,108],{"class":63},[49,137921,347],{"class":346},[49,137923,1606],{"class":350},[49,137925,347],{"class":346},[49,137927,71],{"class":63},[49,137929,357],{"class":346},[49,137931,11169],{"class":350},[49,137933,347],{"class":346},[49,137935,272],{"class":63},[49,137937,137938],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,137939,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,137941,137942,137944,137946,137948],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,137943,105],{"class":104},[49,137945,108],{"class":63},[49,137947,420],{"class":94},[49,137949,272],{"class":63},[20,137951,275],{},[40,137953,137955],{"className":42,"code":137954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello\n",[15,137956,137957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137958,137959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137960,137954],{"class":55},[20,137962,137963],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[40,137965,137967],{"className":42,"code":137966,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137968,137969,137981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137970,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137972,1114],{"class":55},[49,137974,60],{"class":59},[49,137976,357],{"class":346},[49,137978,59689],{"class":350},[49,137980,1124],{"class":346},[49,137982,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,137984,129478],{"class":55},[49,137986,60],{"class":59},[49,137988,42265],{"class":55},[49,137990,91],{"class":63},[49,137992,34420],{"class":94},[49,137994,108],{"class":63},[49,137996,347],{"class":346},[49,137998,59874],{"class":350},[49,138000,347],{"class":346},[49,138002,71],{"class":63},[49,138004,357],{"class":346},[49,138006,6731],{"class":350},[49,138008,347],{"class":346},[49,138010,272],{"class":63},[20,138012,138013],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[40,138015,138017],{"className":42,"code":138016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138018,138019,138031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138022,1114],{"class":55},[49,138024,60],{"class":59},[49,138026,357],{"class":346},[49,138028,59689],{"class":350},[49,138030,1124],{"class":346},[49,138032,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138034,1114],{"class":55},[49,138036,60],{"class":59},[49,138038,42265],{"class":55},[49,138040,91],{"class":63},[49,138042,34420],{"class":94},[49,138044,108],{"class":63},[49,138046,347],{"class":346},[49,138048,59874],{"class":350},[49,138050,347],{"class":346},[49,138052,71],{"class":63},[49,138054,357],{"class":346},[49,138056,6731],{"class":350},[49,138058,347],{"class":346},[49,138060,272],{"class":63},[35,138062,863],{"id":862},[20,138064,138065,138066,135],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138067,123810],{},[137,138069,138070,138073,138077,138080],{},[140,138071,138072],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[140,138074,1011,138075,130859],{},[15,138076,123810],{},[140,138078,138079],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[140,138081,36627,138082,138084],{},[15,138083,123810],{}," with regex-based replacements",[528,138086,138088,138089,138091],{"id":138087},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138090,123810],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138093,138094,138095,135],{},"This does not update ",[15,138096,1129],{},[40,138098,138100],{"className":42,"code":138099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138101,138102,138114,138140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138103,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138105,1114],{"class":55},[49,138107,60],{"class":59},[49,138109,357],{"class":346},[49,138111,137125],{"class":350},[49,138113,1124],{"class":346},[49,138115,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138117,1129],{"class":55},[49,138119,91],{"class":63},[49,138121,34420],{"class":94},[49,138123,108],{"class":63},[49,138125,347],{"class":346},[49,138127,137146],{"class":350},[49,138129,347],{"class":346},[49,138131,71],{"class":63},[49,138133,357],{"class":346},[49,138135,137155],{"class":350},[49,138137,347],{"class":346},[49,138139,272],{"class":63},[49,138141,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,138143,105],{"class":104},[49,138145,108],{"class":63},[49,138147,1129],{"class":94},[49,138149,272],{"class":63},[20,138151,275],{},[40,138153,138154],{"className":42,"code":137373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138155,138156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138157,138158],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138159,137373],{"class":55},[20,138161,956],{},[40,138163,138165],{"className":42,"code":138164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138166,138167,138179,138209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138168,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138170,1114],{"class":55},[49,138172,60],{"class":59},[49,138174,357],{"class":346},[49,138176,137125],{"class":350},[49,138178,1124],{"class":346},[49,138180,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138182,1114],{"class":55},[49,138184,60],{"class":59},[49,138186,42265],{"class":55},[49,138188,91],{"class":63},[49,138190,34420],{"class":94},[49,138192,108],{"class":63},[49,138194,347],{"class":346},[49,138196,137146],{"class":350},[49,138198,347],{"class":346},[49,138200,71],{"class":63},[49,138202,357],{"class":346},[49,138204,137155],{"class":350},[49,138206,347],{"class":346},[49,138208,272],{"class":63},[49,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,138212,105],{"class":104},[49,138214,108],{"class":63},[49,138216,1129],{"class":94},[49,138218,272],{"class":63},[20,138220,275],{},[40,138222,138223],{"className":42,"code":137174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138224,138225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138226,138227],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138228,137174],{"class":55},[528,138230,138232],{"id":138231},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[40,138234,138236],{"className":42,"code":138235,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138237,138238,138250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138241,1114],{"class":55},[49,138243,60],{"class":59},[49,138245,357],{"class":346},[49,138247,34288],{"class":350},[49,138249,1124],{"class":346},[49,138251,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138253,105],{"class":104},[49,138255,108],{"class":63},[49,138257,1129],{"class":94},[49,138259,91],{"class":63},[49,138261,34420],{"class":94},[49,138263,108],{"class":63},[49,138265,347],{"class":346},[49,138267,1121],{"class":350},[49,138269,347],{"class":346},[49,138271,71],{"class":63},[49,138273,357],{"class":346},[49,138275,89220],{"class":350},[49,138277,347],{"class":346},[49,138279,1182],{"class":63},[20,138281,275],{},[40,138283,138284],{"className":42,"code":88233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138285,138286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138287,138288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138289,88233],{"class":55},[20,138291,138292,138293,618,138295,138297],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138294,63818],{},[15,138296,89702],{}," are not the same.",[528,138299,138301],{"id":138300},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[40,138303,138305],{"className":42,"code":138304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138306,138307,138320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138318],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138310,1114],{"class":55},[49,138312,60],{"class":59},[49,138314,357],{"class":346},[49,138316,138317],{"class":350},"red red red",[49,138319,1124],{"class":346},[49,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138323,105],{"class":104},[49,138325,108],{"class":63},[49,138327,1129],{"class":94},[49,138329,91],{"class":63},[49,138331,34420],{"class":94},[49,138333,108],{"class":63},[49,138335,347],{"class":346},[49,138337,12512],{"class":350},[49,138339,347],{"class":346},[49,138341,71],{"class":63},[49,138343,357],{"class":346},[49,138345,12529],{"class":350},[49,138347,347],{"class":346},[49,138349,1182],{"class":63},[20,138351,275],{},[40,138353,138355],{"className":42,"code":138354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138356,138357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138358,138359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138360,138354],{"class":55},[20,138362,138363,138364,135],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138365,40683],{},[40,138367,138369],{"className":42,"code":138368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138370,138371,138383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138372,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138374,1114],{"class":55},[49,138376,60],{"class":59},[49,138378,357],{"class":346},[49,138380,138317],{"class":350},[49,138382,1124],{"class":346},[49,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138386,105],{"class":104},[49,138388,108],{"class":63},[49,138390,1129],{"class":94},[49,138392,91],{"class":63},[49,138394,34420],{"class":94},[49,138396,108],{"class":63},[49,138398,347],{"class":346},[49,138400,12512],{"class":350},[49,138402,347],{"class":346},[49,138404,71],{"class":63},[49,138406,357],{"class":346},[49,138408,12529],{"class":350},[49,138410,347],{"class":346},[49,138412,71],{"class":63},[49,138414,4930],{"class":67},[49,138416,1182],{"class":63},[20,138418,275],{},[40,138420,138422],{"className":42,"code":138421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue red red\n",[15,138423,138424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138425,138426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138427,138421],{"class":55},[528,138429,138431,138432,138434],{"id":138430},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138433,123810],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138436,138437],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[137,138439,138440,138447,138454],{},[140,138441,120,138442,138446],{},[308,138443,138444],{"href":128326},[15,138445,59814],{}," to break a string into a list",[140,138448,120,138449,138453],{},[308,138450,138451],{"href":136209},[15,138452,41077],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[140,138455,120,138456,138458],{},[15,138457,123810],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[35,138460,1253],{"id":1252},[528,138462,1257,138464,123966],{"id":138463},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138465,123810],{},[20,138467,138468],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[528,138470,138472],{"id":138471},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138474,138475],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[528,138477,138479],{"id":138478},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138481,138482],{},"Use the third argument:",[40,138484,138486],{"className":42,"code":138485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138487,138488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138489,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138491,1129],{"class":55},[49,138493,91],{"class":63},[49,138495,34420],{"class":94},[49,138497,108],{"class":63},[49,138499,137236],{"class":94},[49,138501,71],{"class":63},[49,138503,137241],{"class":94},[49,138505,71],{"class":63},[49,138507,4930],{"class":67},[49,138509,272],{"class":63},[528,138511,4601,138513,138515],{"id":138512},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138514,123810],{}," remove text?",[20,138517,138518],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[40,138520,138522],{"className":42,"code":138521,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138523,138524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138525,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138527,1129],{"class":55},[49,138529,91],{"class":63},[49,138531,34420],{"class":94},[49,138533,108],{"class":63},[49,138535,347],{"class":346},[49,138537,1606],{"class":350},[49,138539,347],{"class":346},[49,138541,71],{"class":63},[49,138543,5559],{"class":346},[49,138545,272],{"class":63},[528,138547,14324,138549,123975],{"id":138548},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138550,123810],{},[20,138552,129168],{},[35,138554,1309],{"id":1308},[137,138556,138557,138561,138567,138573,138579],{},[140,138558,138559],{},[308,138560,124045],{"href":123807},[140,138562,138563],{},[308,138564,125639,138565,736],{"href":128326},[15,138566,59814],{},[140,138568,138569],{},[308,138570,125639,138571,736],{"href":136209},[15,138572,41077],{},[140,138574,138575],{},[308,138576,125639,138577,736],{"href":123366},[15,138578,123369],{},[140,138580,138581],{},[308,138582,124394],{"href":50400},[1352,138584,138585],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":138587},[138588,138589,138591,138594,138595,138599,138603,138604,138606,138614,138624],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":137189,"depth":85,"text":138590},"What replace() does",{"id":4862,"depth":85,"text":4863,"children":138592},[138593],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":5219,"depth":85,"text":5220},{"id":137404,"depth":85,"text":137405,"children":138596},[138597,138598],{"id":137418,"depth":101,"text":137419},{"id":137499,"depth":101,"text":137500},{"id":137587,"depth":85,"text":137588,"children":138600},[138601,138602],{"id":137596,"depth":101,"text":137597},{"id":137672,"depth":101,"text":137673},{"id":123285,"depth":85,"text":123286},{"id":137868,"depth":85,"text":138605},"What replace() returns",{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":863,"children":138607},[138608,138610,138611,138612],{"id":138087,"depth":101,"text":138609},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138231,"depth":101,"text":138232},{"id":138300,"depth":101,"text":138301},{"id":138430,"depth":101,"text":138613},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":138615},[138616,138618,138619,138620,138622],{"id":138463,"depth":101,"text":138617},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138471,"depth":101,"text":138472},{"id":138478,"depth":101,"text":138479},{"id":138512,"depth":101,"text":138621},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138548,"depth":101,"text":138623},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137074,"description":138625},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138632,"title":138633,"body":138634,"description":140653,"extension":1392,"meta":140654,"navigation":243,"path":140655,"seo":140656,"stem":140657,"__hash__":140658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138635,"toc":140617},[138636,138641,138646,138649,138660,138662,138717,138722,138727,138734,138736,138751,138753,138809,138811,138849,138854,138856,138880,138883,138896,138901,138903,138935,138937,138970,138976,138981,138984,138994,138997,138999,139055,139057,139107,139110,139118,139121,139177,139179,139252,139265,139273,139277,139288,139291,139294,139347,139349,139381,139384,139438,139440,139475,139478,139483,139488,139493,139496,139498,139556,139558,139592,139594,139609,139612,139614,139656,139658,139684,139689,139697,139700,139702,139784,139786,139837,139840,139851,139859,139861,139934,139936,139954,139958,139961,139965,139992,139994,140002,140006,140041,140043,140056,140060,140063,140102,140104,140121,140126,140131,140142,140145,140156,140158,140160,140186,140189,140238,140240,140257,140260,140262,140314,140316,140348,140351,140409,140414,140416,140421,140524,140526,140540,140542,140549,140554,140559,140564,140569,140574,140577,140581,140586,140588,140614],[10,138637,122639,138639,18],{"id":138638},"python-string-split-method",[15,138640,59814],{},[20,138642,122644,138643,138645],{},[15,138644,59814],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138647,138648],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[137,138650,138651,138654,138657],{},[140,138652,138653],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[140,138655,138656],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[140,138658,138659],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[35,138661,1434],{"id":1433},[40,138663,138665],{"className":42,"code":138664,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138666,138667,138680,138702,138712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138668,138669,138671,138673,138675,138678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138670,1114],{"class":55},[49,138672,60],{"class":59},[49,138674,357],{"class":346},[49,138676,138677],{"class":350},"apple,banana,cherry",[49,138679,1124],{"class":346},[49,138681,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138683,42260],{"class":55},[49,138685,60],{"class":59},[49,138687,42265],{"class":55},[49,138689,91],{"class":63},[49,138691,33891],{"class":94},[49,138693,108],{"class":63},[49,138695,347],{"class":346},[49,138697,71],{"class":350},[49,138699,347],{"class":346},[49,138701,272],{"class":63},[49,138703,138704,138706,138708,138710],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,138705,105],{"class":104},[49,138707,108],{"class":63},[49,138709,42292],{"class":94},[49,138711,272],{"class":63},[49,138713,138714],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,138715,138716],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138718,120,138719,138721],{},[15,138720,59814],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[35,138723,127,138725,130],{"id":138724},"what-split-does",[15,138726,59814],{},[20,138728,138729,131687,138731,91],{},[15,138730,59814],{},[30,138732,138733],{},"string method",[20,138735,48352],{},[137,138737,138738,138741,138746],{},[140,138739,138740],{},"divides a string into parts",[140,138742,118941,138743],{},[30,138744,138745],{},"new list of strings",[140,138747,118947,138748,138750],{},[30,138749,329],{}," change the original string",[20,138752,761],{},[40,138754,138756],{"className":42,"code":138755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138757,138758,138771,138785,138789,138799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138759,138760,138762,138764,138766,138769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138761,1114],{"class":55},[49,138763,60],{"class":59},[49,138765,357],{"class":346},[49,138767,138768],{"class":350},"red blue green",[49,138770,1124],{"class":346},[49,138772,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138774,42260],{"class":55},[49,138776,60],{"class":59},[49,138778,42265],{"class":55},[49,138780,91],{"class":63},[49,138782,33891],{"class":94},[49,138784,98],{"class":63},[49,138786,138787],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,138788,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,138790,138791,138793,138795,138797],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,138792,105],{"class":104},[49,138794,108],{"class":63},[49,138796,1129],{"class":94},[49,138798,272],{"class":63},[49,138800,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,138802,105],{"class":104},[49,138804,108],{"class":63},[49,138806,42292],{"class":94},[49,138808,272],{"class":63},[20,138810,275],{},[40,138812,138814],{"className":42,"code":138813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138815,138816,138821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138817,138818],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138819,138820],{"class":55},"red blue green\n",[49,138822,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138824,938],{"class":63},[49,138826,2734],{"class":346},[49,138828,12512],{"class":350},[49,138830,2734],{"class":346},[49,138832,71],{"class":63},[49,138834,2729],{"class":346},[49,138836,12529],{"class":350},[49,138838,2734],{"class":346},[49,138840,71],{"class":63},[49,138842,2729],{"class":346},[49,138844,16877],{"class":350},[49,138846,2734],{"class":346},[49,138848,82],{"class":63},[20,138850,138851,138852,91],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[308,138853,124394],{"href":50400},[35,138855,164],{"id":163},[40,138857,138859],{"className":42,"code":138858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138860,138861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138862,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138864,60457],{"class":55},[49,138866,91],{"class":63},[49,138868,33891],{"class":94},[49,138870,108],{"class":63},[49,138872,133043],{"class":94},[49,138874,71],{"class":63},[49,138876,138877],{"class":94}," maxsplit",[49,138879,272],{"class":63},[20,138881,138882],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[137,138884,138885,138890],{},[140,138886,138887,138889],{},[15,138888,133043],{}," tells Python where to split",[140,138891,138892,138895],{},[15,138893,138894],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138897,8306,138898,138900],{},[15,138899,133043],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138902,761],{},[40,138904,138906],{"className":42,"code":138905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138907,138908,138921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138909,138910,138912,138914,138916,138919],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138911,1114],{"class":55},[49,138913,60],{"class":59},[49,138915,357],{"class":346},[49,138917,138918],{"class":350},"one two three",[49,138920,1124],{"class":346},[49,138922,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,138924,105],{"class":104},[49,138926,108],{"class":63},[49,138928,1129],{"class":94},[49,138930,91],{"class":63},[49,138932,33891],{"class":94},[49,138934,6628],{"class":63},[20,138936,275],{},[40,138938,138940],{"className":42,"code":138939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,138941,138942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138945,938],{"class":63},[49,138947,2734],{"class":346},[49,138949,6018],{"class":350},[49,138951,2734],{"class":346},[49,138953,71],{"class":63},[49,138955,2729],{"class":346},[49,138957,78555],{"class":350},[49,138959,2734],{"class":346},[49,138961,71],{"class":63},[49,138963,2729],{"class":346},[49,138965,133525],{"class":350},[49,138967,2734],{"class":346},[49,138969,82],{"class":63},[35,138971,1092,138973,138975],{"id":138972},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,138974,59814],{}," with no separator",[20,138977,69458,138978,138980],{},[15,138979,59814],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138982,138983],{},"Whitespace includes:",[137,138985,138986,138988,138991],{},[140,138987,9884],{},[140,138989,138990],{},"tabs",[140,138992,138993],{},"new lines",[20,138995,138996],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,138998,761],{},[40,139000,139002],{"className":42,"code":139001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139003,139004,139027,139041,139045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139005,139006,139008,139010,139012,139015,139018,139020,139022,139025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139007,1114],{"class":55},[49,139009,60],{"class":59},[49,139011,357],{"class":346},[49,139013,139014],{"class":350},"Python   is",[49,139016,139017],{"class":33875},"\\t",[49,139019,132779],{"class":350},[49,139021,86437],{"class":33875},[49,139023,139024],{"class":350},"and useful",[49,139026,1124],{"class":346},[49,139028,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139030,42260],{"class":55},[49,139032,60],{"class":59},[49,139034,42265],{"class":55},[49,139036,91],{"class":63},[49,139038,33891],{"class":94},[49,139040,98],{"class":63},[49,139042,139043],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139044,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139046,139047,139049,139051,139053],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139048,105],{"class":104},[49,139050,108],{"class":63},[49,139052,42292],{"class":94},[49,139054,272],{"class":63},[20,139056,275],{},[40,139058,139060],{"className":42,"code":139059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139061,139062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139063,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139103,139105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139065,938],{"class":63},[49,139067,2734],{"class":346},[49,139069,6731],{"class":350},[49,139071,2734],{"class":346},[49,139073,71],{"class":63},[49,139075,2729],{"class":346},[49,139077,11617],{"class":350},[49,139079,2734],{"class":346},[49,139081,71],{"class":63},[49,139083,2729],{"class":346},[49,139085,132779],{"class":350},[49,139087,2734],{"class":346},[49,139089,71],{"class":63},[49,139091,2729],{"class":346},[49,139093,129404],{"class":350},[49,139095,2734],{"class":346},[49,139097,71],{"class":63},[49,139099,2729],{"class":346},[49,139101,139102],{"class":350},"useful",[49,139104,2734],{"class":346},[49,139106,82],{"class":63},[20,139108,139109],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[528,139111,139113,10018,139115],{"id":139112},"split-vs-split",[15,139114,59814],{},[15,139116,139117],{},"split(' ')",[20,139119,139120],{},"These are not the same.",[40,139122,139124],{"className":42,"code":139123,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139125,139126,139139,139143,139157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134,139137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139129,1114],{"class":55},[49,139131,60],{"class":59},[49,139133,357],{"class":346},[49,139135,139136],{"class":350},"a  b   c",[49,139138,1124],{"class":346},[49,139140,139141],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139142,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139146,105],{"class":104},[49,139148,108],{"class":63},[49,139150,1129],{"class":94},[49,139152,91],{"class":63},[49,139154,33891],{"class":94},[49,139156,6628],{"class":63},[49,139158,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139160,105],{"class":104},[49,139162,108],{"class":63},[49,139164,1129],{"class":94},[49,139166,91],{"class":63},[49,139168,33891],{"class":94},[49,139170,108],{"class":63},[49,139172,347],{"class":346},[49,139174,357],{"class":346},[49,139176,1182],{"class":63},[20,139178,275],{},[40,139180,139182],{"className":42,"code":139181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139183,139184,139212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139187,938],{"class":63},[49,139189,2734],{"class":346},[49,139191,308],{"class":350},[49,139193,2734],{"class":346},[49,139195,71],{"class":63},[49,139197,2729],{"class":346},[49,139199,360],{"class":350},[49,139201,2734],{"class":346},[49,139203,71],{"class":63},[49,139205,2729],{"class":346},[49,139207,369],{"class":350},[49,139209,2734],{"class":346},[49,139211,82],{"class":63},[49,139213,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139215,938],{"class":63},[49,139217,2734],{"class":346},[49,139219,308],{"class":350},[49,139221,2734],{"class":346},[49,139223,71],{"class":63},[49,139225,3268],{"class":346},[49,139227,71],{"class":63},[49,139229,2729],{"class":346},[49,139231,360],{"class":350},[49,139233,2734],{"class":346},[49,139235,71],{"class":63},[49,139237,3268],{"class":346},[49,139239,71],{"class":63},[49,139241,3268],{"class":346},[49,139243,71],{"class":63},[49,139245,2729],{"class":346},[49,139247,369],{"class":350},[49,139249,2734],{"class":346},[49,139251,82],{"class":63},[137,139253,139254,139259],{},[140,139255,139256,139258],{},[15,139257,59814],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[140,139260,139261,139264],{},[15,139262,139263],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139266,139267,139268,139272],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[308,139269,125639,139270,736],{"href":136209},[15,139271,41077],{}," is often useful.",[35,139274,139276],{"id":139275},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139278,139279,139280,1622,139283,1626,139285,91],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139281,139282],{},"\",\"",[15,139284,132878],{},[15,139286,139287],{},"\"::\"",[20,139289,139290],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139292,139293],{},"Example with commas:",[40,139295,139297],{"className":42,"code":139296,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139298,139299,139311,139333,139337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139302,1114],{"class":55},[49,139304,60],{"class":59},[49,139306,357],{"class":346},[49,139308,138677],{"class":350},[49,139310,1124],{"class":346},[49,139312,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139314,42260],{"class":55},[49,139316,60],{"class":59},[49,139318,42265],{"class":55},[49,139320,91],{"class":63},[49,139322,33891],{"class":94},[49,139324,108],{"class":63},[49,139326,347],{"class":346},[49,139328,71],{"class":350},[49,139330,347],{"class":346},[49,139332,272],{"class":63},[49,139334,139335],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139336,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139340,105],{"class":104},[49,139342,108],{"class":63},[49,139344,42292],{"class":94},[49,139346,272],{"class":63},[20,139348,275],{},[40,139350,139351],{"className":42,"code":77734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,139352,139353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139356,938],{"class":63},[49,139358,2734],{"class":346},[49,139360,3510],{"class":350},[49,139362,2734],{"class":346},[49,139364,71],{"class":63},[49,139366,2729],{"class":346},[49,139368,3519],{"class":350},[49,139370,2734],{"class":346},[49,139372,71],{"class":63},[49,139374,2729],{"class":346},[49,139376,3528],{"class":350},[49,139378,2734],{"class":346},[49,139380,82],{"class":63},[20,139382,139383],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[40,139385,139387],{"className":42,"code":139386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139388,139389,139402,139424,139428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397,139400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139392,1114],{"class":55},[49,139394,60],{"class":59},[49,139396,357],{"class":346},[49,139398,139399],{"class":350},"2024::10::31",[49,139401,1124],{"class":346},[49,139403,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139405,42260],{"class":55},[49,139407,60],{"class":59},[49,139409,42265],{"class":55},[49,139411,91],{"class":63},[49,139413,33891],{"class":94},[49,139415,108],{"class":63},[49,139417,347],{"class":346},[49,139419,75951],{"class":350},[49,139421,347],{"class":346},[49,139423,272],{"class":63},[49,139425,139426],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139427,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139429,139430,139432,139434,139436],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139431,105],{"class":104},[49,139433,108],{"class":63},[49,139435,42292],{"class":94},[49,139437,272],{"class":63},[20,139439,275],{},[40,139441,139443],{"className":42,"code":139442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139444,139445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139446,139447,139449,139451,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139471,139473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139448,938],{"class":63},[49,139450,2734],{"class":346},[49,139452,139453],{"class":350},"2024",[49,139455,2734],{"class":346},[49,139457,71],{"class":63},[49,139459,2729],{"class":346},[49,139461,221],{"class":350},[49,139463,2734],{"class":346},[49,139465,71],{"class":63},[49,139467,2729],{"class":346},[49,139469,139470],{"class":350},"31",[49,139472,2734],{"class":346},[49,139474,82],{"class":63},[20,139476,139477],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139479,139480,139481,91],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[308,139482,128323],{"href":128322},[35,139484,1092,139486],{"id":139485},"using-maxsplit",[15,139487,138894],{},[20,139489,139490,139492],{},[15,139491,138894],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139494,139495],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139497,761],{},[40,139499,139501],{"className":42,"code":139500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139502,139503,139516,139542,139546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139504,139505,139507,139509,139511,139514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139506,1114],{"class":55},[49,139508,60],{"class":59},[49,139510,357],{"class":346},[49,139512,139513],{"class":350},"name:age:city:country",[49,139515,1124],{"class":346},[49,139517,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139519,42260],{"class":55},[49,139521,60],{"class":59},[49,139523,42265],{"class":55},[49,139525,91],{"class":63},[49,139527,33891],{"class":94},[49,139529,108],{"class":63},[49,139531,347],{"class":346},[49,139533,135],{"class":350},[49,139535,347],{"class":346},[49,139537,71],{"class":63},[49,139539,74],{"class":67},[49,139541,272],{"class":63},[49,139543,139544],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139545,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139547,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139549,105],{"class":104},[49,139551,108],{"class":63},[49,139553,42292],{"class":94},[49,139555,272],{"class":63},[20,139557,275],{},[40,139559,139561],{"className":42,"code":139560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139562,139563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139564,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583,139585,139588,139590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139566,938],{"class":63},[49,139568,2734],{"class":346},[49,139570,7103],{"class":350},[49,139572,2734],{"class":346},[49,139574,71],{"class":63},[49,139576,2729],{"class":346},[49,139578,8731],{"class":350},[49,139580,2734],{"class":346},[49,139582,71],{"class":63},[49,139584,2729],{"class":346},[49,139586,139587],{"class":350},"city:country",[49,139589,2734],{"class":346},[49,139591,82],{"class":63},[20,139593,1611],{},[137,139595,139596,139601,139606],{},[140,139597,139598,139599],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139600,135],{},[140,139602,139603,139604],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139605,135],{},[140,139607,139608],{},"then stops",[20,139610,139611],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139613,51505],{},[40,139615,139617],{"className":42,"code":139616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139618,139619,139632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139620,139621,139623,139625,139627,139630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139622,1114],{"class":55},[49,139624,60],{"class":59},[49,139626,357],{"class":346},[49,139628,139629],{"class":350},"apple banana cherry grape",[49,139631,1124],{"class":346},[49,139633,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139635,105],{"class":104},[49,139637,108],{"class":63},[49,139639,1129],{"class":94},[49,139641,91],{"class":63},[49,139643,33891],{"class":94},[49,139645,108],{"class":63},[49,139647,347],{"class":346},[49,139649,357],{"class":346},[49,139651,71],{"class":63},[49,139653,4930],{"class":67},[49,139655,1182],{"class":63},[20,139657,275],{},[40,139659,139661],{"className":42,"code":139660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139662,139663],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139680,139682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139666,938],{"class":63},[49,139668,2734],{"class":346},[49,139670,3510],{"class":350},[49,139672,2734],{"class":346},[49,139674,71],{"class":63},[49,139676,2729],{"class":346},[49,139678,139679],{"class":350},"banana cherry grape",[49,139681,2734],{"class":346},[49,139683,82],{"class":63},[35,139685,127,139687,11129],{"id":139686},"what-split-returns",[15,139688,59814],{},[20,139690,139691,139692,139694,139695,91],{},"The result of ",[15,139693,59814],{}," is always a ",[30,139696,7526],{},[20,139698,139699],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139701,761],{},[40,139703,139705],{"className":42,"code":139704,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139706,139707,139720,139742,139746,139756,139770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139708,139709,139711,139713,139715,139718],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139710,1114],{"class":55},[49,139712,60],{"class":59},[49,139714,357],{"class":346},[49,139716,139717],{"class":350},"cat,dog,bird",[49,139719,1124],{"class":346},[49,139721,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139723,42260],{"class":55},[49,139725,60],{"class":59},[49,139727,42265],{"class":55},[49,139729,91],{"class":63},[49,139731,33891],{"class":94},[49,139733,108],{"class":63},[49,139735,347],{"class":346},[49,139737,71],{"class":350},[49,139739,347],{"class":346},[49,139741,272],{"class":63},[49,139743,139744],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139745,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139747,139748,139750,139752,139754],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139749,105],{"class":104},[49,139751,108],{"class":63},[49,139753,42292],{"class":94},[49,139755,272],{"class":63},[49,139757,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,139759,105],{"class":104},[49,139761,108],{"class":63},[49,139763,1175],{"class":1174},[49,139765,108],{"class":63},[49,139767,42292],{"class":94},[49,139769,1182],{"class":63},[49,139771,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,139773,105],{"class":104},[49,139775,108],{"class":63},[49,139777,42292],{"class":94},[49,139779,938],{"class":63},[49,139781,1552],{"class":67},[49,139783,3319],{"class":63},[20,139785,275],{},[40,139787,139789],{"className":42,"code":139788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139790,139791,139819,139833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139792,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139794,938],{"class":63},[49,139796,2734],{"class":346},[49,139798,36470],{"class":350},[49,139800,2734],{"class":346},[49,139802,71],{"class":63},[49,139804,2729],{"class":346},[49,139806,57409],{"class":350},[49,139808,2734],{"class":346},[49,139810,71],{"class":63},[49,139812,2729],{"class":346},[49,139814,57426],{"class":350},[49,139816,2734],{"class":346},[49,139818,82],{"class":63},[49,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139822,2723],{"class":59},[49,139824,2726],{"class":1497},[49,139826,2729],{"class":346},[49,139828,7526],{"class":350},[49,139830,2734],{"class":346},[49,139832,2737],{"class":59},[49,139834,139835],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139836,84753],{"class":55},[20,139838,139839],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[137,139841,139842,139845,139848],{},[140,139843,139844],{},"loop over it",[140,139846,139847],{},"access items by index",[140,139849,139850],{},"combine items again later",[20,139852,139853,139854,91],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[308,139855,125639,139857,736],{"href":139856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139858,132721],{},[20,139860,761],{},[40,139862,139864],{"className":42,"code":139863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139865,139866,139898,139920,139924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139869,42260],{"class":55},[49,139871,60],{"class":59},[49,139873,64],{"class":63},[49,139875,2734],{"class":346},[49,139877,36470],{"class":350},[49,139879,2734],{"class":346},[49,139881,71],{"class":63},[49,139883,2729],{"class":346},[49,139885,57409],{"class":350},[49,139887,2734],{"class":346},[49,139889,71],{"class":63},[49,139891,2729],{"class":346},[49,139893,57426],{"class":350},[49,139895,2734],{"class":346},[49,139897,82],{"class":63},[49,139899,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139901,1114],{"class":55},[49,139903,60],{"class":59},[49,139905,357],{"class":346},[49,139907,1453],{"class":350},[49,139909,347],{"class":346},[49,139911,91],{"class":63},[49,139913,132798],{"class":94},[49,139915,108],{"class":63},[49,139917,42292],{"class":94},[49,139919,272],{"class":63},[49,139921,139922],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,139923,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,139925,139926,139928,139930,139932],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,139927,105],{"class":104},[49,139929,108],{"class":63},[49,139931,1129],{"class":94},[49,139933,272],{"class":63},[20,139935,275],{},[40,139937,139939],{"className":42,"code":139938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,139940,139941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139942,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139944,36470],{"class":55},[49,139946,1453],{"class":59},[49,139948,57409],{"class":55},[49,139950,1453],{"class":59},[49,139952,139953],{"class":55},"bird\n",[35,139955,139957],{"id":139956},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,139959,139960],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[528,139962,139964],{"id":139963},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[40,139966,139968],{"className":42,"code":139967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139969,139970,139978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139971,139972,139974,139976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139973,1114],{"class":55},[49,139975,60],{"class":59},[49,139977,7313],{"class":346},[49,139979,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,139981,105],{"class":104},[49,139983,108],{"class":63},[49,139985,1129],{"class":94},[49,139987,91],{"class":63},[49,139989,33891],{"class":94},[49,139991,6628],{"class":63},[20,139993,275],{},[40,139995,139996],{"className":42,"code":278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,139997,139998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139999,140000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140001,278],{"class":63},[528,140003,140005],{"id":140004},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[40,140007,140009],{"className":42,"code":140008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140010,140011,140019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140012,140013,140015,140017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140014,1114],{"class":55},[49,140016,60],{"class":59},[49,140018,7313],{"class":346},[49,140020,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140022,105],{"class":104},[49,140024,108],{"class":63},[49,140026,1129],{"class":94},[49,140028,91],{"class":63},[49,140030,33891],{"class":94},[49,140032,108],{"class":63},[49,140034,347],{"class":346},[49,140036,71],{"class":350},[49,140038,347],{"class":346},[49,140040,1182],{"class":63},[20,140042,275],{},[40,140044,140046],{"className":42,"code":140045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['']\n",[15,140047,140048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140049,140050,140052,140054],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140051,938],{"class":63},[49,140053,3204],{"class":346},[49,140055,82],{"class":63},[528,140057,140059],{"id":140058},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140061,140062],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[40,140064,140066],{"className":42,"code":140065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140067,140068,140080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140069,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140071,1114],{"class":55},[49,140073,60],{"class":59},[49,140075,357],{"class":346},[49,140077,1121],{"class":350},[49,140079,1124],{"class":346},[49,140081,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140083,105],{"class":104},[49,140085,108],{"class":63},[49,140087,1129],{"class":94},[49,140089,91],{"class":63},[49,140091,33891],{"class":94},[49,140093,108],{"class":63},[49,140095,347],{"class":346},[49,140097,71],{"class":350},[49,140099,347],{"class":346},[49,140101,1182],{"class":63},[20,140103,275],{},[40,140105,140107],{"className":42,"code":140106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello']\n",[15,140108,140109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140110,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140112,938],{"class":63},[49,140114,2734],{"class":346},[49,140116,1121],{"class":350},[49,140118,2734],{"class":346},[49,140120,82],{"class":63},[35,140122,740,140124],{"id":140123},"when-to-use-split",[15,140125,59814],{},[20,140127,120,140128,140130],{},[15,140129,59814],{}," when you need to:",[137,140132,140133,140136,140139],{},[140,140134,140135],{},"split a sentence into words",[140,140137,140138],{},"split comma-separated values",[140,140140,140141],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140143,140144],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[137,140146,140147,140150,140153],{},[140,140148,140149],{},"cleaning text",[140,140151,140152],{},"parsing user input",[140,140154,140155],{},"processing simple file content",[35,140157,2261],{"id":2260},[20,140159,83524],{},[137,140161,140162,140166,140172,140175,140183],{},[140,140163,49931,140164,130859],{},[15,140165,59814],{},[140,140167,140168,140169,140171],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140170,59814],{}," returns a list, not a string",[140,140173,140174],{},"using the wrong separator",[140,140176,140177,140178,140180,140181],{},"assuming ",[15,140179,139117],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140182,59814],{},[140,140184,140185],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140187,140188],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[40,140190,140192],{"className":42,"code":140191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140193,140194,140206,140224,140228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140195,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140197,1114],{"class":55},[49,140199,60],{"class":59},[49,140201,357],{"class":346},[49,140203,42253],{"class":350},[49,140205,1124],{"class":346},[49,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140209,1129],{"class":55},[49,140211,91],{"class":63},[49,140213,33891],{"class":94},[49,140215,108],{"class":63},[49,140217,347],{"class":346},[49,140219,71],{"class":350},[49,140221,347],{"class":346},[49,140223,272],{"class":63},[49,140225,140226],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140227,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140229,140230,140232,140234,140236],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140231,105],{"class":104},[49,140233,108],{"class":63},[49,140235,1129],{"class":94},[49,140237,272],{"class":63},[20,140239,275],{},[40,140241,140243],{"className":42,"code":140242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a,b,c\n",[15,140244,140245],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140248,308],{"class":55},[49,140250,71],{"class":63},[49,140252,360],{"class":55},[49,140254,71],{"class":63},[49,140256,68530],{"class":55},[20,140258,140259],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140261,956],{},[40,140263,140264],{"className":42,"code":42240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140265,140266,140278,140300,140304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140267,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140269,1114],{"class":55},[49,140271,60],{"class":59},[49,140273,357],{"class":346},[49,140275,42253],{"class":350},[49,140277,1124],{"class":346},[49,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140281,42260],{"class":55},[49,140283,60],{"class":59},[49,140285,42265],{"class":55},[49,140287,91],{"class":63},[49,140289,33891],{"class":94},[49,140291,108],{"class":63},[49,140293,347],{"class":346},[49,140295,71],{"class":350},[49,140297,347],{"class":346},[49,140299,272],{"class":63},[49,140301,140302],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140303,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140305,140306,140308,140310,140312],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140307,105],{"class":104},[49,140309,108],{"class":63},[49,140311,42292],{"class":94},[49,140313,272],{"class":63},[20,140315,275],{},[40,140317,140318],{"className":42,"code":42299,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140319,140320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140323,938],{"class":63},[49,140325,2734],{"class":346},[49,140327,308],{"class":350},[49,140329,2734],{"class":346},[49,140331,71],{"class":63},[49,140333,2729],{"class":346},[49,140335,360],{"class":350},[49,140337,2734],{"class":346},[49,140339,71],{"class":63},[49,140341,2729],{"class":346},[49,140343,369],{"class":350},[49,140345,2734],{"class":346},[49,140347,82],{"class":63},[20,140349,140350],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[40,140352,140354],{"className":42,"code":140353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140355,140356,140369,140391,140395],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140357,140358,140360,140362,140364,140367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140359,1114],{"class":55},[49,140361,60],{"class":59},[49,140363,357],{"class":346},[49,140365,140366],{"class":350},"apple,banana",[49,140368,1124],{"class":346},[49,140370,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140372,42260],{"class":55},[49,140374,60],{"class":59},[49,140376,42265],{"class":55},[49,140378,91],{"class":63},[49,140380,33891],{"class":94},[49,140382,108],{"class":63},[49,140384,347],{"class":346},[49,140386,71],{"class":350},[49,140388,347],{"class":346},[49,140390,272],{"class":63},[49,140392,140393],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140394,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140396,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140398,105],{"class":104},[49,140400,108],{"class":63},[49,140402,42292],{"class":94},[49,140404,938],{"class":63},[49,140406,1488],{"class":67},[49,140408,3319],{"class":63},[20,140410,140411,140412,91],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[308,140413,68543],{"href":68542},[528,140415,59993],{"id":59992},[20,140417,8306,140418,140420],{},[15,140419,59814],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[40,140422,140424],{"className":42,"code":140423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140425,140426,140436,140450,140472,140498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140429,105],{"class":104},[49,140431,108],{"class":63},[49,140433,1129],{"class":94},[49,140435,272],{"class":63},[49,140437,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140439,105],{"class":104},[49,140441,108],{"class":63},[49,140443,1129],{"class":94},[49,140445,91],{"class":63},[49,140447,33891],{"class":94},[49,140449,6628],{"class":63},[49,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140453,105],{"class":104},[49,140455,108],{"class":63},[49,140457,1129],{"class":94},[49,140459,91],{"class":63},[49,140461,33891],{"class":94},[49,140463,108],{"class":63},[49,140465,2734],{"class":346},[49,140467,71],{"class":350},[49,140469,2734],{"class":346},[49,140471,1182],{"class":63},[49,140473,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140475,105],{"class":104},[49,140477,108],{"class":63},[49,140479,10592],{"class":104},[49,140481,108],{"class":63},[49,140483,1129],{"class":94},[49,140485,91],{"class":63},[49,140487,33891],{"class":94},[49,140489,108],{"class":63},[49,140491,2734],{"class":346},[49,140493,71],{"class":350},[49,140495,2734],{"class":346},[49,140497,2344],{"class":63},[49,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,140501,105],{"class":104},[49,140503,108],{"class":63},[49,140505,1175],{"class":1174},[49,140507,108],{"class":63},[49,140509,1129],{"class":94},[49,140511,91],{"class":63},[49,140513,33891],{"class":94},[49,140515,108],{"class":63},[49,140517,2734],{"class":346},[49,140519,71],{"class":350},[49,140521,2734],{"class":346},[49,140523,2344],{"class":63},[20,140525,10601],{},[137,140527,140528,140531,140534,140537],{},[140,140529,140530],{},"what the original string looks like",[140,140532,140533],{},"which separator works",[140,140535,140536],{},"how many items were created",[140,140538,140539],{},"that the result is a list",[35,140541,1253],{"id":1252},[528,140543,1279,140545,618,140547,1284],{"id":140544},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140546,59814],{},[15,140548,139117],{},[20,140550,140551,140553],{},[15,140552,59814],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140555,140556,140558],{},[15,140557,139117],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[528,140560,1257,140562,123966],{"id":140561},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140563,59814],{},[20,140565,140566,140567,55760],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140568,59814],{},[528,140570,4573,140572,39384],{"id":140571},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140573,138894],{},[20,140575,140576],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[528,140578,140580],{"id":140579},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140582,28484,140583,140585],{},[15,140584,59814],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[35,140587,1309],{"id":1308},[137,140589,140590,140594,140600,140606,140610],{},[140,140591,140592],{},[308,140593,129244],{"href":128322},[140,140595,140596],{},[308,140597,125639,140598,736],{"href":139856},[15,140599,132721],{},[140,140601,140602],{},[308,140603,125639,140604,736],{"href":136209},[15,140605,41077],{},[140,140607,140608],{},[308,140609,124394],{"href":50400},[140,140611,140612],{},[308,140613,68543],{"href":68542},[1352,140615,140616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":140618},[140619,140620,140622,140623,140628,140629,140631,140633,140638,140640,140643,140652],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":138724,"depth":85,"text":140621},"What split() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":138972,"depth":85,"text":140624,"children":140625},"Using split() with no separator",[140626],{"id":139112,"depth":101,"text":140627},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139275,"depth":85,"text":139276},{"id":139485,"depth":85,"text":140630},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139686,"depth":85,"text":140632},"What split() returns",{"id":139956,"depth":85,"text":139957,"children":140634},[140635,140636,140637],{"id":139963,"depth":101,"text":139964},{"id":140004,"depth":101,"text":140005},{"id":140058,"depth":101,"text":140059},{"id":140123,"depth":85,"text":140639},"When to use split()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":140641},[140642],{"id":59992,"depth":101,"text":59993},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":140644},[140645,140647,140649,140651],{"id":140544,"depth":101,"text":140646},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140561,"depth":101,"text":140648},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140571,"depth":101,"text":140650},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140579,"depth":101,"text":140580},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138633,"description":140653},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140660,"title":140661,"body":140662,"description":142605,"extension":1392,"meta":142606,"navigation":243,"path":142607,"seo":142608,"stem":142609,"__hash__":142610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140663,"toc":142564},[140664,140669,140674,140681,140754,140759,140764,140769,140785,140787,140857,140859,140861,140881,140883,140928,140933,140935,141033,141038,141042,141047,141051,141054,141096,141100,141103,141148,141152,141155,141205,141209,141214,141266,141268,141273,141284,141289,141369,141371,141383,141392,141399,141414,141416,141531,141537,141541,141544,141549,141691,141694,141701,141703,141707,141715,141784,141790,141839,141844,141849,141851,141871,141873,141939,141941,141945,141948,141952,141993,141995,142028,142033,142036,142063,142065,142108,142115,142120,142130,142196,142200,142208,142213,142264,142268,142271,142273,142282,142284,142334,142336,142443,142445,142450,142457,142463,142466,142497,142502,142504,142511,142519,142528,142531,142533,142561],[10,140665,122639,140667,18],{"id":140666},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140668,127007],{},[20,140670,122644,140671,140673],{},[15,140672,127007],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140675,125705,140676,2310,140678,140680],{},[15,140677,3039],{},[15,140679,3105],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[40,140682,140684],{"className":42,"code":140683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140685,140686,140699,140703,140728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140687,140688,140690,140692,140694,140697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140689,1114],{"class":55},[49,140691,60],{"class":59},[49,140693,357],{"class":346},[49,140695,140696],{"class":350},"Python Beginner Help",[49,140698,1124],{"class":346},[49,140700,140701],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140702,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140704,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140706,105],{"class":104},[49,140708,108],{"class":63},[49,140710,1129],{"class":94},[49,140712,91],{"class":63},[49,140714,140715],{"class":94},"startswith",[49,140717,108],{"class":63},[49,140719,347],{"class":346},[49,140721,6731],{"class":350},[49,140723,347],{"class":346},[49,140725,4793],{"class":63},[49,140727,43278],{"class":116},[49,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140747,140749,140751],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140731,105],{"class":104},[49,140733,108],{"class":63},[49,140735,1129],{"class":94},[49,140737,91],{"class":63},[49,140739,140715],{"class":94},[49,140741,108],{"class":63},[49,140743,347],{"class":346},[49,140745,140746],{"class":350},"Beginner",[49,140748,347],{"class":346},[49,140750,4793],{"class":63},[49,140752,140753],{"class":116}," # False\n",[20,140755,120,140756,140758],{},[15,140757,127007],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[35,140760,127,140762,130],{"id":140761},"what-startswith-does",[15,140763,127007],{},[20,140765,140766,140768],{},[15,140767,127007],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[137,140770,140771,140774,140780,140782],{},[140,140772,140773],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[140,140775,4579,140776,2310,140778],{},[15,140777,3039],{},[15,140779,3105],{},[140,140781,122782],{},[140,140783,140784],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140786,761],{},[40,140788,140790],{"className":42,"code":140789,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140791,140792,140804,140808,140833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140793,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140795,7308],{"class":55},[49,140797,60],{"class":59},[49,140799,357],{"class":346},[49,140801,6731],{"class":350},[49,140803,1124],{"class":346},[49,140805,140806],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140807,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140827,140829,140831],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140811,105],{"class":104},[49,140813,108],{"class":63},[49,140815,7103],{"class":94},[49,140817,91],{"class":63},[49,140819,140715],{"class":94},[49,140821,108],{"class":63},[49,140823,347],{"class":346},[49,140825,140826],{"class":350},"Py",[49,140828,347],{"class":346},[49,140830,4793],{"class":63},[49,140832,43278],{"class":116},[49,140834,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140836,105],{"class":104},[49,140838,108],{"class":63},[49,140840,7103],{"class":94},[49,140842,91],{"class":63},[49,140844,140715],{"class":94},[49,140846,108],{"class":63},[49,140848,347],{"class":346},[49,140850,128085],{"class":350},[49,140852,347],{"class":346},[49,140854,4793],{"class":63},[49,140856,43295],{"class":116},[35,140858,164],{"id":163},[20,140860,41808],{},[40,140862,140864],{"className":42,"code":140863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140865,140866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140867,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140869,60457],{"class":55},[49,140871,91],{"class":63},[49,140873,140715],{"class":94},[49,140875,108],{"class":63},[49,140877,140878],{"class":94},"prefix",[49,140880,272],{"class":63},[20,140882,30186],{},[40,140884,140886],{"className":42,"code":140885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140887,140888,140906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140889,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140891,60457],{"class":55},[49,140893,91],{"class":63},[49,140895,140715],{"class":94},[49,140897,108],{"class":63},[49,140899,140878],{"class":94},[49,140901,71],{"class":63},[49,140903,35474],{"class":94},[49,140905,272],{"class":63},[49,140907,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140909,60457],{"class":55},[49,140911,91],{"class":63},[49,140913,140715],{"class":94},[49,140915,108],{"class":63},[49,140917,140878],{"class":94},[49,140919,71],{"class":63},[49,140921,35474],{"class":94},[49,140923,71],{"class":63},[49,140925,64324],{"class":94},[49,140927,272],{"class":63},[20,140929,705,140930,140932],{},[15,140931,140878],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,140934,761],{},[40,140936,140938],{"className":42,"code":140937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,140939,140940,140952,140956,140981,141005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140943,1114],{"class":55},[49,140945,60],{"class":59},[49,140947,357],{"class":346},[49,140949,59689],{"class":350},[49,140951,1124],{"class":346},[49,140953,140954],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,140955,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,140957,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,140959,105],{"class":104},[49,140961,108],{"class":63},[49,140963,1129],{"class":94},[49,140965,91],{"class":63},[49,140967,140715],{"class":94},[49,140969,108],{"class":63},[49,140971,347],{"class":346},[49,140973,1121],{"class":350},[49,140975,347],{"class":346},[49,140977,4793],{"class":63},[49,140979,140980],{"class":116},"      # True\n",[49,140982,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,140984,105],{"class":104},[49,140986,108],{"class":63},[49,140988,1129],{"class":94},[49,140990,91],{"class":63},[49,140992,140715],{"class":94},[49,140994,108],{"class":63},[49,140996,347],{"class":346},[49,140998,59874],{"class":350},[49,141000,347],{"class":346},[49,141002,4793],{"class":63},[49,141004,20622],{"class":116},[49,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,141008,105],{"class":104},[49,141010,108],{"class":63},[49,141012,1129],{"class":94},[49,141014,91],{"class":63},[49,141016,140715],{"class":94},[49,141018,108],{"class":63},[49,141020,347],{"class":346},[49,141022,59874],{"class":350},[49,141024,347],{"class":346},[49,141026,71],{"class":63},[49,141028,37067],{"class":67},[49,141030,4793],{"class":63},[49,141032,43278],{"class":116},[20,141034,141035,141036,91],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[308,141037,124394],{"href":50400},[35,141039,141041],{"id":141040},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141043,141044,141046],{},[15,141045,127007],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[528,141048,141049],{"id":140878},[15,141050,140878],{},[20,141052,141053],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[40,141055,141057],{"className":42,"code":141056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141058,141059,141071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141060,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141062,1114],{"class":55},[49,141064,60],{"class":59},[49,141066,357],{"class":346},[49,141068,3519],{"class":350},[49,141070,1124],{"class":346},[49,141072,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141090,141092,141094],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141074,105],{"class":104},[49,141076,108],{"class":63},[49,141078,1129],{"class":94},[49,141080,91],{"class":63},[49,141082,140715],{"class":94},[49,141084,108],{"class":63},[49,141086,347],{"class":346},[49,141088,141089],{"class":350},"ban",[49,141091,347],{"class":346},[49,141093,4793],{"class":63},[49,141095,3095],{"class":116},[528,141097,141098],{"id":35495},[15,141099,35495],{},[20,141101,141102],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[40,141104,141106],{"className":42,"code":141105,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141107,141108,141120],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141111,1114],{"class":55},[49,141113,60],{"class":59},[49,141115,357],{"class":346},[49,141117,59689],{"class":350},[49,141119,1124],{"class":346},[49,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141123,105],{"class":104},[49,141125,108],{"class":63},[49,141127,1129],{"class":94},[49,141129,91],{"class":63},[49,141131,140715],{"class":94},[49,141133,108],{"class":63},[49,141135,347],{"class":346},[49,141137,59874],{"class":350},[49,141139,347],{"class":346},[49,141141,71],{"class":63},[49,141143,37067],{"class":67},[49,141145,4793],{"class":63},[49,141147,3095],{"class":116},[528,141149,141150],{"id":52086},[15,141151,52086],{},[20,141153,141154],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[40,141156,141158],{"className":42,"code":141157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141159,141160,141172],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141161,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141163,1114],{"class":55},[49,141165,60],{"class":59},[49,141167,357],{"class":346},[49,141169,59689],{"class":350},[49,141171,1124],{"class":346},[49,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141175,105],{"class":104},[49,141177,108],{"class":63},[49,141179,1129],{"class":94},[49,141181,91],{"class":63},[49,141183,140715],{"class":94},[49,141185,108],{"class":63},[49,141187,347],{"class":346},[49,141189,141190],{"class":350},"wor",[49,141192,347],{"class":346},[49,141194,71],{"class":63},[49,141196,37067],{"class":67},[49,141198,71],{"class":63},[49,141200,53560],{"class":67},[49,141202,4793],{"class":63},[49,141204,3095],{"class":116},[528,141206,141208],{"id":141207},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141210,141211,141213],{},[15,141212,140878],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[40,141215,141217],{"className":42,"code":141216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141218,141219,141232],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141222,125722],{"class":55},[49,141224,60],{"class":59},[49,141226,357],{"class":346},[49,141228,141229],{"class":350},"img_001.png",[49,141231,1124],{"class":346},[49,141233,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141251,141253,141255,141257,141260,141262,141264],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141235,105],{"class":104},[49,141237,108],{"class":63},[49,141239,125740],{"class":94},[49,141241,91],{"class":63},[49,141243,140715],{"class":94},[49,141245,4943],{"class":63},[49,141247,347],{"class":346},[49,141249,141250],{"class":350},"img_",[49,141252,347],{"class":346},[49,141254,71],{"class":63},[49,141256,357],{"class":346},[49,141258,141259],{"class":350},"photo_",[49,141261,347],{"class":346},[49,141263,50516],{"class":63},[49,141265,3095],{"class":116},[35,141267,315],{"id":314},[20,141269,141270,141272],{},[15,141271,127007],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[137,141274,141275,141280],{},[140,141276,141277,141279],{},[15,141278,3039],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[140,141281,141282,126324],{},[15,141283,3105],{},[20,141285,141286,141287,6606],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141288,6431],{},[40,141290,141292],{"className":42,"code":141291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141293,141294,141308,141312,141333,141348,141354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141295,141296,141299,141301,141303,141306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141297,141298],{"class":55},"command ",[49,141300,60],{"class":59},[49,141302,357],{"class":346},[49,141304,141305],{"class":350},"\u002Fhelp",[49,141307,1124],{"class":346},[49,141309,141310],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141311,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141313,141314,141316,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141315,6431],{"class":3306},[49,141317,141318],{"class":55}," command",[49,141320,91],{"class":63},[49,141322,140715],{"class":94},[49,141324,108],{"class":63},[49,141326,347],{"class":346},[49,141328,126531],{"class":350},[49,141330,347],{"class":346},[49,141332,7773],{"class":63},[49,141334,141335,141337,141339,141341,141344,141346],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,141336,7501],{"class":104},[49,141338,108],{"class":63},[49,141340,347],{"class":346},[49,141342,141343],{"class":350},"This looks like a command.",[49,141345,347],{"class":346},[49,141347,272],{"class":63},[49,141349,141350,141352],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,141351,26857],{"class":3306},[49,141353,5826],{"class":63},[49,141355,141356,141358,141360,141362,141365,141367],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,141357,7501],{"class":104},[49,141359,108],{"class":63},[49,141361,347],{"class":346},[49,141363,141364],{"class":350},"This is normal text.",[49,141366,347],{"class":346},[49,141368,272],{"class":63},[20,141370,275],{},[40,141372,141374],{"className":42,"code":141373,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141375,141376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141377,141378,141381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141379,141380],{"class":55},"This looks like a command",[49,141382,121671],{"class":63},[35,141384,1092,141386,8135,141388,618,141390],{"id":141385},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141387,127007],{},[15,141389,35495],{},[15,141391,52086],{},[20,141393,1409,141394,618,141396,141398],{},[15,141395,35495],{},[15,141397,52086],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[137,141400,141401,141406,141411],{},[140,141402,141403,141405],{},[15,141404,35495],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[140,141407,141408,141410],{},[15,141409,52086],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[140,141412,141413],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141415,761],{},[40,141417,141419],{"className":42,"code":141418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141420,141421,141433,141437,141466,141499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141422,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141424,1114],{"class":55},[49,141426,60],{"class":59},[49,141428,357],{"class":346},[49,141430,138918],{"class":350},[49,141432,1124],{"class":346},[49,141434,141435],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141436,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141438,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141440,105],{"class":104},[49,141442,108],{"class":63},[49,141444,1129],{"class":94},[49,141446,91],{"class":63},[49,141448,140715],{"class":94},[49,141450,108],{"class":63},[49,141452,347],{"class":346},[49,141454,78555],{"class":350},[49,141456,347],{"class":346},[49,141458,71],{"class":63},[49,141460,1888],{"class":67},[49,141462,4793],{"class":63},[49,141464,141465],{"class":116},"        # True\n",[49,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141495,141497],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,141469,105],{"class":104},[49,141471,108],{"class":63},[49,141473,1129],{"class":94},[49,141475,91],{"class":63},[49,141477,140715],{"class":94},[49,141479,108],{"class":63},[49,141481,347],{"class":346},[49,141483,133525],{"class":350},[49,141485,347],{"class":346},[49,141487,71],{"class":63},[49,141489,5792],{"class":67},[49,141491,71],{"class":63},[49,141493,141494],{"class":67}," 13",[49,141496,4793],{"class":63},[49,141498,3095],{"class":116},[49,141500,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,141502,105],{"class":104},[49,141504,108],{"class":63},[49,141506,1129],{"class":94},[49,141508,91],{"class":63},[49,141510,140715],{"class":94},[49,141512,108],{"class":63},[49,141514,347],{"class":346},[49,141516,133525],{"class":350},[49,141518,347],{"class":346},[49,141520,71],{"class":63},[49,141522,5792],{"class":67},[49,141524,71],{"class":63},[49,141526,30365],{"class":67},[49,141528,4793],{"class":63},[49,141530,4202],{"class":116},[20,141532,141533,141534,141536],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141535,52086],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[35,141538,141540],{"id":141539},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141542,141543],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141545,141546,141547,48773],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141548,40261],{},[40,141550,141552],{"className":42,"code":141551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141553,141554,141568,141582,141596,141600,141624,141628,141649,141670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141555,141556,141559,141561,141563,141566],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141557,141558],{"class":55},"filename1 ",[49,141560,60],{"class":59},[49,141562,357],{"class":346},[49,141564,141565],{"class":350},"img_101.jpg",[49,141567,1124],{"class":346},[49,141569,141570,141573,141575,141577,141580],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141571,141572],{"class":55},"filename2 ",[49,141574,60],{"class":59},[49,141576,357],{"class":346},[49,141578,141579],{"class":350},"photo_202.jpg",[49,141581,1124],{"class":346},[49,141583,141584,141587,141589,141591,141594],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141585,141586],{"class":55},"filename3 ",[49,141588,60],{"class":59},[49,141590,357],{"class":346},[49,141592,141593],{"class":350},"doc_303.jpg",[49,141595,1124],{"class":346},[49,141597,141598],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,141599,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141601,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,141603,126934],{"class":55},[49,141605,60],{"class":59},[49,141607,8668],{"class":63},[49,141609,347],{"class":346},[49,141611,141250],{"class":350},[49,141613,347],{"class":346},[49,141615,71],{"class":63},[49,141617,357],{"class":346},[49,141619,141259],{"class":350},[49,141621,347],{"class":346},[49,141623,272],{"class":63},[49,141625,141626],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,141627,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141629,141630,141632,141634,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,141631,105],{"class":104},[49,141633,108],{"class":63},[49,141635,141636],{"class":94},"filename1",[49,141638,91],{"class":63},[49,141640,140715],{"class":94},[49,141642,108],{"class":63},[49,141644,126986],{"class":94},[49,141646,4793],{"class":63},[49,141648,3095],{"class":116},[49,141650,141651,141653,141655,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,141652,105],{"class":104},[49,141654,108],{"class":63},[49,141656,141657],{"class":94},"filename2",[49,141659,91],{"class":63},[49,141661,140715],{"class":94},[49,141663,108],{"class":63},[49,141665,126986],{"class":94},[49,141667,4793],{"class":63},[49,141669,3095],{"class":116},[49,141671,141672,141674,141676,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,141673,105],{"class":104},[49,141675,108],{"class":63},[49,141677,141678],{"class":94},"filename3",[49,141680,91],{"class":63},[49,141682,140715],{"class":94},[49,141684,108],{"class":63},[49,141686,126986],{"class":94},[49,141688,4793],{"class":63},[49,141690,4202],{"class":116},[20,141692,141693],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141695,74056,141696,141700],{},[308,141697,125639,141698,736],{"href":129233},[15,141699,125697],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[35,141702,123286],{"id":123285},[20,141704,141705,123097],{},[15,141706,127007],{},[20,141708,126684,141709,618,141712,126691],{},[15,141710,141711],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141713,141714],{},"\"python\"",[40,141716,141718],{"className":42,"code":141717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141719,141720,141732,141736,141760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141723,1114],{"class":55},[49,141725,60],{"class":59},[49,141727,357],{"class":346},[49,141729,6731],{"class":350},[49,141731,1124],{"class":346},[49,141733,141734],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141735,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141737,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141739,105],{"class":104},[49,141741,108],{"class":63},[49,141743,1129],{"class":94},[49,141745,91],{"class":63},[49,141747,140715],{"class":94},[49,141749,108],{"class":63},[49,141751,347],{"class":346},[49,141753,140826],{"class":350},[49,141755,347],{"class":346},[49,141757,4793],{"class":63},[49,141759,3095],{"class":116},[49,141761,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,141763,105],{"class":104},[49,141765,108],{"class":63},[49,141767,1129],{"class":94},[49,141769,91],{"class":63},[49,141771,140715],{"class":94},[49,141773,108],{"class":63},[49,141775,347],{"class":346},[49,141777,128085],{"class":350},[49,141779,347],{"class":346},[49,141781,4793],{"class":63},[49,141783,4202],{"class":116},[20,141785,126776,141786,91],{},[308,141787,141788],{"href":123366},[15,141789,123369],{},[40,141791,141793],{"className":42,"code":141792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141794,141795,141807,141811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141796,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141798,1114],{"class":55},[49,141800,60],{"class":59},[49,141802,357],{"class":346},[49,141804,6731],{"class":350},[49,141806,1124],{"class":346},[49,141808,141809],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141810,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141812,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141814,105],{"class":104},[49,141816,108],{"class":63},[49,141818,1129],{"class":94},[49,141820,91],{"class":63},[49,141822,8071],{"class":94},[49,141824,8068],{"class":63},[49,141826,140715],{"class":94},[49,141828,108],{"class":63},[49,141830,347],{"class":346},[49,141832,128085],{"class":350},[49,141834,347],{"class":346},[49,141836,4793],{"class":63},[49,141838,3095],{"class":116},[35,141840,740,141842],{"id":141841},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141843,127007],{},[20,141845,141846,141848],{},[15,141847,127007],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141850,8806],{},[137,141852,141853,141856,141859,141868],{},[140,141854,141855],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[140,141857,141858],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[140,141860,141861,141862,2310,141865],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141863,141864],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141866,141867],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[140,141869,141870],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141872,761],{},[40,141874,141876],{"className":42,"code":141875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141877,141878,141891,141895,141924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141879,141880,141882,141884,141886,141889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141881,126502],{"class":55},[49,141883,60],{"class":59},[49,141885,357],{"class":346},[49,141887,141888],{"class":350},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[49,141890,1124],{"class":346},[49,141892,141893],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141894,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,141896,141897,141899,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,141898,6431],{"class":3306},[49,141900,141901],{"class":55}," url",[49,141903,91],{"class":63},[49,141905,140715],{"class":94},[49,141907,4943],{"class":63},[49,141909,347],{"class":346},[49,141911,141864],{"class":350},[49,141913,347],{"class":346},[49,141915,71],{"class":63},[49,141917,357],{"class":346},[49,141919,141867],{"class":350},[49,141921,347],{"class":346},[49,141923,68847],{"class":63},[49,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141935,141937],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,141927,7501],{"class":104},[49,141929,108],{"class":63},[49,141931,347],{"class":346},[49,141933,141934],{"class":350},"This looks like a web URL.",[49,141936,347],{"class":346},[49,141938,272],{"class":63},[35,141940,2261],{"id":2260},[20,141942,22517,141943,91],{},[15,141944,127007],{},[528,141946,138079],{"id":141947},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,141949,141950,123097],{},[15,141951,127007],{},[40,141953,141955],{"className":42,"code":141954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,141956,141957,141969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141958,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141960,1114],{"class":55},[49,141962,60],{"class":59},[49,141964,357],{"class":346},[49,141966,6731],{"class":350},[49,141968,1124],{"class":346},[49,141970,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,141972,105],{"class":104},[49,141974,108],{"class":63},[49,141976,1129],{"class":94},[49,141978,91],{"class":63},[49,141980,140715],{"class":94},[49,141982,108],{"class":63},[49,141984,347],{"class":346},[49,141986,44],{"class":350},[49,141988,347],{"class":346},[49,141990,4793],{"class":63},[49,141992,4202],{"class":116},[20,141994,38685],{},[40,141996,141998],{"className":42,"code":141997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,141999,142000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142001,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142003,105],{"class":104},[49,142005,108],{"class":63},[49,142007,1129],{"class":94},[49,142009,91],{"class":63},[49,142011,8071],{"class":94},[49,142013,8068],{"class":63},[49,142015,140715],{"class":94},[49,142017,108],{"class":63},[49,142019,347],{"class":346},[49,142021,44],{"class":350},[49,142023,347],{"class":346},[49,142025,4793],{"class":63},[49,142027,3095],{"class":116},[528,142029,29073,142031,136561],{"id":142030},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142032,127007],{},[20,142034,142035],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[40,142037,142039],{"className":42,"code":142038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142040,142041,142049,142053,142058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142042,142043,142045,142047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142044,1878],{"class":55},[49,142046,60],{"class":59},[49,142048,124321],{"class":67},[49,142050,142051],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142052,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,142054,142055],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142056,142057],{"class":116},"# This will cause an error:\n",[49,142059,142060],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,142061,142062],{"class":116},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142064,38685],{},[40,142066,142068],{"className":42,"code":142067,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142069,142070,142084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142071,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142073,1878],{"class":55},[49,142075,60],{"class":59},[49,142077,48329],{"class":1174},[49,142079,108],{"class":63},[49,142081,49671],{"class":67},[49,142083,272],{"class":63},[49,142085,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142087,105],{"class":104},[49,142089,108],{"class":63},[49,142091,1904],{"class":94},[49,142093,91],{"class":63},[49,142095,140715],{"class":94},[49,142097,108],{"class":63},[49,142099,347],{"class":346},[49,142101,68],{"class":350},[49,142103,347],{"class":346},[49,142105,4793],{"class":63},[49,142107,3095],{"class":116},[528,142109,36627,142111,8135,142113],{"id":142110},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142112,127007],{},[15,142114,3313],{},[20,142116,142117,142119],{},[15,142118,127007],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142121,142122,142123,142125,142126,91],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142124,3313],{}," or methods like ",[308,142127,142128],{"href":123649},[15,142129,123634],{},[40,142131,142133],{"className":42,"code":142132,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142134,142135,142147,142151,142175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142138,1114],{"class":55},[49,142140,60],{"class":59},[49,142142,357],{"class":346},[49,142144,59689],{"class":350},[49,142146,1124],{"class":346},[49,142148,142149],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142150,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142154,105],{"class":104},[49,142156,108],{"class":63},[49,142158,1129],{"class":94},[49,142160,91],{"class":63},[49,142162,140715],{"class":94},[49,142164,108],{"class":63},[49,142166,347],{"class":346},[49,142168,59874],{"class":350},[49,142170,347],{"class":346},[49,142172,4793],{"class":63},[49,142174,4202],{"class":116},[49,142176,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,142178,105],{"class":104},[49,142180,108],{"class":63},[49,142182,347],{"class":346},[49,142184,59874],{"class":350},[49,142186,347],{"class":346},[49,142188,20595],{"class":3306},[49,142190,42265],{"class":94},[49,142192,113],{"class":63},[49,142194,142195],{"class":116},"           # True\n",[20,142197,135113,142198,91],{},[308,142199,126675],{"href":122894},[528,142201,4135,142203,618,142205,142207],{"id":142202},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142204,35495],{},[15,142206,52086],{}," use index positions",[20,142209,142210,142211,91],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142212,1552],{},[40,142214,142216],{"className":42,"code":142215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142217,142218,142231,142235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142219,142220,142222,142224,142226,142229],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142221,1114],{"class":55},[49,142223,60],{"class":59},[49,142225,357],{"class":346},[49,142227,142228],{"class":350},"abcdef",[49,142230,1124],{"class":346},[49,142232,142233],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142234,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,142236,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142238,105],{"class":104},[49,142240,108],{"class":63},[49,142242,1129],{"class":94},[49,142244,91],{"class":63},[49,142246,140715],{"class":94},[49,142248,108],{"class":63},[49,142250,347],{"class":346},[49,142252,142253],{"class":350},"cd",[49,142255,347],{"class":346},[49,142257,71],{"class":63},[49,142259,74],{"class":67},[49,142261,4793],{"class":63},[49,142263,3095],{"class":116},[528,142265,142267],{"id":142266},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142269,142270],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142272,16066],{},[40,142274,142276],{"className":42,"code":142275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142277,142278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142279,142280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142281,142275],{"class":116},[20,142283,16078],{},[40,142285,142287],{"className":42,"code":142286,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142288,142289,142301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142290,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142292,1114],{"class":55},[49,142294,60],{"class":59},[49,142296,357],{"class":346},[49,142298,6731],{"class":350},[49,142300,1124],{"class":346},[49,142302,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142328,142330,142332],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142304,105],{"class":104},[49,142306,108],{"class":63},[49,142308,1129],{"class":94},[49,142310,91],{"class":63},[49,142312,140715],{"class":94},[49,142314,4943],{"class":63},[49,142316,347],{"class":346},[49,142318,140826],{"class":350},[49,142320,347],{"class":346},[49,142322,71],{"class":63},[49,142324,357],{"class":346},[49,142326,142327],{"class":350},"Ja",[49,142329,347],{"class":346},[49,142331,50516],{"class":63},[49,142333,3095],{"class":116},[20,142335,31505],{},[40,142337,142339],{"className":42,"code":142338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142340,142341,142351,142365,142387,142413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142342,142343,142345,142347,142349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142344,105],{"class":104},[49,142346,108],{"class":63},[49,142348,1129],{"class":94},[49,142350,272],{"class":63},[49,142352,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142354,105],{"class":104},[49,142356,108],{"class":63},[49,142358,1175],{"class":1174},[49,142360,108],{"class":63},[49,142362,1129],{"class":94},[49,142364,1182],{"class":63},[49,142366,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142368,105],{"class":104},[49,142370,108],{"class":63},[49,142372,1129],{"class":94},[49,142374,91],{"class":63},[49,142376,140715],{"class":94},[49,142378,108],{"class":63},[49,142380,347],{"class":346},[49,142382,140826],{"class":350},[49,142384,347],{"class":346},[49,142386,1182],{"class":63},[49,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,142390,105],{"class":104},[49,142392,108],{"class":63},[49,142394,1129],{"class":94},[49,142396,91],{"class":63},[49,142398,8071],{"class":94},[49,142400,8068],{"class":63},[49,142402,140715],{"class":94},[49,142404,108],{"class":63},[49,142406,347],{"class":346},[49,142408,128085],{"class":350},[49,142410,347],{"class":346},[49,142412,1182],{"class":63},[49,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,142416,105],{"class":104},[49,142418,108],{"class":63},[49,142420,1129],{"class":94},[49,142422,91],{"class":63},[49,142424,140715],{"class":94},[49,142426,4943],{"class":63},[49,142428,347],{"class":346},[49,142430,140826],{"class":350},[49,142432,347],{"class":346},[49,142434,71],{"class":63},[49,142436,357],{"class":346},[49,142438,142327],{"class":350},[49,142440,347],{"class":346},[49,142442,2344],{"class":63},[35,142444,1253],{"id":1252},[528,142446,1257,142448,127485],{"id":142447},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142449,127007],{},[20,142451,142452,142453,2310,142455,91],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142454,3039],{},[15,142456,3105],{},[528,142458,4601,142460,142462],{"id":142459},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142461,127007],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142464,142465],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[40,142467,142469],{"className":42,"code":142468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142470,142471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142472,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142474,1129],{"class":55},[49,142476,91],{"class":63},[49,142478,140715],{"class":94},[49,142480,4943],{"class":63},[49,142482,347],{"class":346},[49,142484,308],{"class":350},[49,142486,347],{"class":346},[49,142488,71],{"class":63},[49,142490,357],{"class":346},[49,142492,360],{"class":350},[49,142494,347],{"class":346},[49,142496,1182],{"class":63},[528,142498,14324,142500,123975],{"id":142499},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142501,127007],{},[20,142503,129168],{},[528,142505,1279,142507,618,142509,1284],{"id":142506},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142508,127007],{},[15,142510,3313],{},[20,142512,142513,142515,142516,142518],{},[15,142514,127007],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142517,3313],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[528,142520,1296,142522,618,142524,8135,142526,1284],{"id":142521},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142523,35495],{},[15,142525,52086],{},[15,142527,127007],{},[20,142529,142530],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[35,142532,1309],{"id":1308},[137,142534,142535,142541,142547,142553,142557],{},[140,142536,142537],{},[308,142538,125639,142539,736],{"href":129233},[15,142540,125697],{},[140,142542,142543],{},[308,142544,125639,142545,736],{"href":123649},[15,142546,123634],{},[140,142548,142549],{},[308,142550,125639,142551,736],{"href":123366},[15,142552,123369],{},[140,142554,142555],{},[308,142556,124038],{"href":122894},[140,142558,142559],{},[308,142560,124394],{"href":50400},[1352,142562,142563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":142565},[142566,142568,142569,142575,142576,142578,142579,142580,142582,142592,142604],{"id":140761,"depth":85,"text":142567},"What startswith() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":141040,"depth":85,"text":141041,"children":142570},[142571,142572,142573,142574],{"id":140878,"depth":101,"text":140878},{"id":35495,"depth":101,"text":35495},{"id":52086,"depth":101,"text":52086},{"id":141207,"depth":101,"text":141208},{"id":314,"depth":85,"text":315},{"id":141385,"depth":85,"text":142577},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141539,"depth":85,"text":141540},{"id":123285,"depth":85,"text":123286},{"id":141841,"depth":85,"text":142581},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":142583},[142584,142585,142587,142589,142591],{"id":141947,"depth":101,"text":138079},{"id":142030,"depth":101,"text":142586},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142110,"depth":101,"text":142588},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142202,"depth":101,"text":142590},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142266,"depth":101,"text":142267},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":142593},[142594,142596,142598,142600,142602],{"id":142447,"depth":101,"text":142595},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142459,"depth":101,"text":142597},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142499,"depth":101,"text":142599},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142506,"depth":101,"text":142601},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142521,"depth":101,"text":142603},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140661,"description":142605},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142612,"title":142613,"body":142614,"description":144068,"extension":1392,"meta":144069,"navigation":243,"path":144070,"seo":144071,"stem":144072,"__hash__":144073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142615,"toc":144038},[142616,142621,142626,142629,142631,142675,142677,142685,142690,142695,142700,142702,142720,142722,142768,142770,142784,142793,142797,142799,142801,142813,142818,142821,142853,142855,142864,142869,142872,142913,142915,142923,142925,142938,142944,142948,142951,142967,142969,143018,143020,143029,143032,143091,143093,143102,143109,143112,143165,143167,143191,143198,143204,143208,143214,143217,143228,143230,143270,143272,143280,143282,143322,143324,143333,143335,143353,143356,143363,143374,143377,143394,143396,143473,143475,143506,143509,143511,143514,143540,143542,143582,143584,143593,143603,143611,143619,143624,143629,143631,143645,143647,143698,143700,143709,143719,143721,143723,143745,143748,143827,143829,143865,143868,143943,143948,143950,143956,143961,143966,143969,143975,143978,143985,143993,143997,144005,144007,144035],[10,142617,122639,142619,18],{"id":142618},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142620,41077],{},[20,142622,31740,142623,142625],{},[15,142624,41077],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142627,142628],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[35,142630,38],{"id":37},[40,142632,142634],{"className":42,"code":142633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142635,142636,142649,142664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142637,142638,142640,142642,142644,142647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142639,1114],{"class":55},[49,142641,60],{"class":59},[49,142643,357],{"class":346},[49,142645,142646],{"class":350},"  hello  ",[49,142648,1124],{"class":346},[49,142650,142651,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142652,142653],{"class":55},"clean_text ",[49,142655,60],{"class":59},[49,142657,42265],{"class":55},[49,142659,91],{"class":63},[49,142661,8065],{"class":94},[49,142663,98],{"class":63},[49,142665,142666,142668,142670,142673],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142667,105],{"class":104},[49,142669,108],{"class":63},[49,142671,142672],{"class":94},"clean_text",[49,142674,272],{"class":63},[20,142676,275],{},[40,142678,142679],{"className":42,"code":137954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,142680,142681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142682,142683],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142684,137954],{"class":55},[20,142686,120,142687,142689],{},[15,142688,41077],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[35,142691,127,142693,130],{"id":142692},"what-strip-does",[15,142694,41077],{},[20,142696,142697,142699],{},[15,142698,41077],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142701,12471],{},[137,142703,142704,142708,142711,142714,142717],{},[140,142705,142706,130989],{},[15,142707,41077],{},[140,142709,142710],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[140,142712,142713],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[140,142715,142716],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[140,142718,142719],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142721,761],{},[40,142723,142725],{"className":42,"code":142724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142726,142727,142740,142744,142758],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142728,142729,142731,142733,142735,142738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142730,1114],{"class":55},[49,142732,60],{"class":59},[49,142734,357],{"class":346},[49,142736,142737],{"class":350},"  hello world  ",[49,142739,1124],{"class":346},[49,142741,142742],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142743,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,142747,105],{"class":104},[49,142749,108],{"class":63},[49,142751,1129],{"class":94},[49,142753,91],{"class":63},[49,142755,8065],{"class":94},[49,142757,6628],{"class":63},[49,142759,142760,142762,142764,142766],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,142761,105],{"class":104},[49,142763,108],{"class":63},[49,142765,1129],{"class":94},[49,142767,272],{"class":63},[20,142769,275],{},[40,142771,142773],{"className":42,"code":142772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142774,142775,142779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142776,142777],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142778,133655],{"class":55},[49,142780,142781],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142782,142783],{"class":55},"  hello world\n",[20,142785,142786,142787,142789,142790,142792],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142788,41077],{},", but the original ",[15,142791,1129],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142794,124391,142795,91],{},[308,142796,124394],{"href":50400},[35,142798,164],{"id":163},[20,142800,25910],{},[137,142802,142803,142808],{},[140,142804,142805],{},[15,142806,142807],{},"string.strip()",[140,142809,142810],{},[15,142811,142812],{},"string.strip(chars)",[528,142814,142816],{"id":142815},"stringstrip",[15,142817,142807],{},[20,142819,142820],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[40,142822,142824],{"className":42,"code":142823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142825,142826,142839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142827,142828,142830,142832,142834,142837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142829,7308],{"class":55},[49,142831,60],{"class":59},[49,142833,357],{"class":346},[49,142835,142836],{"class":350},"  Alice  ",[49,142838,1124],{"class":346},[49,142840,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142842,105],{"class":104},[49,142844,108],{"class":63},[49,142846,7103],{"class":94},[49,142848,91],{"class":63},[49,142850,8065],{"class":94},[49,142852,6628],{"class":63},[20,142854,275],{},[40,142856,142858],{"className":42,"code":142857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Alice\n",[15,142859,142860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142861,142862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142863,142857],{"class":55},[528,142865,142867],{"id":142866},"stringstripchars",[15,142868,142812],{},[20,142870,142871],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[40,142873,142875],{"className":42,"code":142874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142876,142877,142890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142878,142879,142881,142883,142885,142888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142880,1114],{"class":55},[49,142882,60],{"class":59},[49,142884,357],{"class":346},[49,142886,142887],{"class":350},"!!hello??",[49,142889,1124],{"class":346},[49,142891,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142909,142911],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142893,105],{"class":104},[49,142895,108],{"class":63},[49,142897,1129],{"class":94},[49,142899,91],{"class":63},[49,142901,8065],{"class":94},[49,142903,108],{"class":63},[49,142905,347],{"class":346},[49,142907,142908],{"class":350},"!?",[49,142910,347],{"class":346},[49,142912,1182],{"class":63},[20,142914,275],{},[40,142916,142917],{"className":42,"code":137954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,142918,142919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142920,142921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142922,137954],{"class":55},[20,142924,83105],{},[137,142926,142927,142932],{},[140,142928,142929,142931],{},[15,142930,133898],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[140,142933,142934,142935,142937],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,142936,133898],{}," does not matter",[35,142939,142941,142942],{"id":142940},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,142943,41077],{},[20,142945,30307,142946,91],{},[15,142947,41077],{},[20,142949,142950],{},"It is useful for:",[137,142952,142953,142958,142961,142964],{},[140,142954,142955,142956,3316],{},"Cleaning ",[15,142957,2390],{},[140,142959,142960],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[140,142962,142963],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[140,142965,142966],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,142968,47786],{},[40,142970,142972],{"className":42,"code":142971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,142973,142974,142987,143003,143007],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142975,142976,142978,142980,142982,142985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142977,7393],{"class":55},[49,142979,60],{"class":59},[49,142981,357],{"class":346},[49,142983,142984],{"class":350},"  sam  ",[49,142986,1124],{"class":346},[49,142988,142989,142992,142994,142997,142999,143001],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,142990,142991],{"class":55},"clean_username ",[49,142993,60],{"class":59},[49,142995,142996],{"class":55}," username",[49,142998,91],{"class":63},[49,143000,8065],{"class":94},[49,143002,98],{"class":63},[49,143004,143005],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143006,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143008,143009,143011,143013,143016],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143010,105],{"class":104},[49,143012,108],{"class":63},[49,143014,143015],{"class":94},"clean_username",[49,143017,272],{"class":63},[20,143019,275],{},[40,143021,143023],{"className":42,"code":143022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sam\n",[15,143024,143025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143026,143027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143028,143022],{"class":55},[20,143030,143031],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[40,143033,143035],{"className":42,"code":143034,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143036,143037,143050,143054,143076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143048],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143040,135882],{"class":55},[49,143042,60],{"class":59},[49,143044,357],{"class":346},[49,143046,143047],{"class":350}," yes  ",[49,143049,1124],{"class":346},[49,143051,143052],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143053,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143055,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143057,6431],{"class":3306},[49,143059,135902],{"class":55},[49,143061,91],{"class":63},[49,143063,8065],{"class":94},[49,143065,6800],{"class":63},[49,143067,5841],{"class":59},[49,143069,357],{"class":346},[49,143071,8088],{"class":350},[49,143073,347],{"class":346},[49,143075,5826],{"class":63},[49,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143087,143089],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143079,7501],{"class":104},[49,143081,108],{"class":63},[49,143083,347],{"class":346},[49,143085,143086],{"class":350},"Matched",[49,143088,347],{"class":346},[49,143090,272],{"class":63},[20,143092,275],{},[40,143094,143096],{"className":42,"code":143095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Matched\n",[15,143097,143098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143099,143100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143101,143095],{"class":55},[20,143103,143104,143105,91],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[308,143106,143108],{"href":143107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143110,143111],{},"Example with file-style text:",[40,143113,143115],{"className":42,"code":143114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143116,143117,143133,143147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143118,143119,143122,143124,143126,143129,143131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143120,143121],{"class":55},"line ",[49,143123,60],{"class":59},[49,143125,357],{"class":346},[49,143127,143128],{"class":350},"Python basics",[49,143130,86437],{"class":33875},[49,143132,1124],{"class":346},[49,143134,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143136,105],{"class":104},[49,143138,108],{"class":63},[49,143140,41203],{"class":104},[49,143142,108],{"class":63},[49,143144,51],{"class":94},[49,143146,1182],{"class":63},[49,143148,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143150,105],{"class":104},[49,143152,108],{"class":63},[49,143154,41203],{"class":104},[49,143156,108],{"class":63},[49,143158,51],{"class":94},[49,143160,91],{"class":63},[49,143162,8065],{"class":94},[49,143164,5723],{"class":63},[20,143166,275],{},[40,143168,143170],{"className":42,"code":143169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143171,143172,143183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143173,143174,143176,143178,143181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143175,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143177,143128],{"class":42756},[49,143179,86437],{"class":143180},"sfi6f",[49,143182,29123],{"class":42752},[49,143184,143185,143187,143189],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143186,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143188,143128],{"class":42756},[49,143190,29123],{"class":42752},[20,143192,1092,143193,143195,143196,91],{},[15,143194,121853],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143197,86437],{},[20,143199,143200,143201,91],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[308,143202,143203],{"href":87090},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[35,143205,143207],{"id":143206},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143209,143210,143211,91],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143212,143213],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143215,143216],{},"Python will:",[137,143218,143219,143222,143225],{},[140,143220,143221],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[140,143223,143224],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[140,143226,143227],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143229,761],{},[40,143231,143233],{"className":42,"code":143232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143234,143235,143248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143236,143237,143239,143241,143243,143246],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143238,1114],{"class":55},[49,143240,60],{"class":59},[49,143242,357],{"class":346},[49,143244,143245],{"class":350},"??hello!!",[49,143247,1124],{"class":346},[49,143249,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143251,105],{"class":104},[49,143253,108],{"class":63},[49,143255,1129],{"class":94},[49,143257,91],{"class":63},[49,143259,8065],{"class":94},[49,143261,108],{"class":63},[49,143263,347],{"class":346},[49,143265,142908],{"class":350},[49,143267,347],{"class":346},[49,143269,1182],{"class":63},[20,143271,275],{},[40,143273,143274],{"className":42,"code":137954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143275,143276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143277,143278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143279,137954],{"class":55},[20,143281,51505],{},[40,143283,143285],{"className":42,"code":143284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143286,143287,143300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143288,143289,143291,143293,143295,143298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143290,1114],{"class":55},[49,143292,60],{"class":59},[49,143294,357],{"class":346},[49,143296,143297],{"class":350},"abcHelloCba",[49,143299,1124],{"class":346},[49,143301,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314,143316,143318,143320],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143303,105],{"class":104},[49,143305,108],{"class":63},[49,143307,1129],{"class":94},[49,143309,91],{"class":63},[49,143311,8065],{"class":94},[49,143313,108],{"class":63},[49,143315,347],{"class":346},[49,143317,40984],{"class":350},[49,143319,347],{"class":346},[49,143321,1182],{"class":63},[20,143323,275],{},[40,143325,143327],{"className":42,"code":143326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloC\n",[15,143328,143329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143330,143331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143332,143326],{"class":55},[20,143334,5668],{},[20,143336,143337,13474,143340,143342,143343,143345,143346,1622,143348,1626,143350,143352],{},[15,143338,143339],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143341,329],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143344,40984],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143347,308],{},[15,143349,360],{},[15,143351,369],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143354,143355],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143357,143358,143359,6064],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[308,143360,143361],{"href":129220},[15,143362,123810],{},[35,143364,143366,10018,143368,10018,143371],{"id":143365},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143367,41077],{},[15,143369,143370],{},"lstrip()",[15,143372,143373],{},"rstrip()",[20,143375,143376],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[137,143378,143379,143384,143389],{},[140,143380,143381,143383],{},[15,143382,41077],{}," removes from both ends",[140,143385,143386,143388],{},[15,143387,143370],{}," removes from the left side only",[140,143390,143391,143393],{},[15,143392,143373],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143395,761],{},[40,143397,143399],{"className":42,"code":143398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143400,143401,143413,143417,143435,143454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143402,143403,143405,143407,143409,143411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143404,1114],{"class":55},[49,143406,60],{"class":59},[49,143408,357],{"class":346},[49,143410,142646],{"class":350},[49,143412,1124],{"class":346},[49,143414,143415],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143416,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143418,143419,143421,143423,143425,143427,143429,143431,143433],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143420,105],{"class":104},[49,143422,108],{"class":63},[49,143424,41203],{"class":104},[49,143426,108],{"class":63},[49,143428,1129],{"class":94},[49,143430,91],{"class":63},[49,143432,8065],{"class":94},[49,143434,5723],{"class":63},[49,143436,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143447,143449,143452],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143438,105],{"class":104},[49,143440,108],{"class":63},[49,143442,41203],{"class":104},[49,143444,108],{"class":63},[49,143446,1129],{"class":94},[49,143448,91],{"class":63},[49,143450,143451],{"class":94},"lstrip",[49,143453,5723],{"class":63},[49,143455,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466,143468,143471],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,143457,105],{"class":104},[49,143459,108],{"class":63},[49,143461,41203],{"class":104},[49,143463,108],{"class":63},[49,143465,1129],{"class":94},[49,143467,91],{"class":63},[49,143469,143470],{"class":94},"rstrip",[49,143472,5723],{"class":63},[20,143474,275],{},[40,143476,143478],{"className":42,"code":143477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143479,143480,143488,143497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143481,143482,143484,143486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143483,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143485,1121],{"class":42756},[49,143487,29123],{"class":42752},[49,143489,143490,143492,143495],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143491,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143493,143494],{"class":42756},"hello  ",[49,143496,29123],{"class":42752},[49,143498,143499,143501,143504],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143500,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143502,143503],{"class":42756},"  hello",[49,143505,29123],{"class":42752},[20,143507,143508],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[35,143510,107647],{"id":107646},[20,143512,143513],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[137,143515,143516,143524,143534,143537],{},[140,143517,143518,143520,143521,143523],{},[15,143519,143339],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143522,40953],{}," once",[140,143525,143526,143527,1622,143529,1626,143531,143533],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143528,308],{},[15,143530,360],{},[15,143532,369],{}," from both ends",[140,143535,143536],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[140,143538,143539],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143541,761],{},[40,143543,143545],{"className":42,"code":143544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143546,143547,143560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143548,143549,143551,143553,143555,143558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143550,125722],{"class":55},[49,143552,60],{"class":59},[49,143554,357],{"class":346},[49,143556,143557],{"class":350},"txt_report.txt",[49,143559,1124],{"class":346},[49,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143563,105],{"class":104},[49,143565,108],{"class":63},[49,143567,125740],{"class":94},[49,143569,91],{"class":63},[49,143571,8065],{"class":94},[49,143573,108],{"class":63},[49,143575,347],{"class":346},[49,143577,125775],{"class":350},[49,143579,347],{"class":346},[49,143581,1182],{"class":63},[20,143583,275],{},[40,143585,143587],{"className":42,"code":143586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"_report\n",[15,143588,143589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143590,143591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143592,143586],{"class":55},[20,143594,143595,143596,1622,143598,1626,143600,143602],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143597,91],{},[15,143599,62570],{},[15,143601,1606],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143604,53077,143605,4214,143608,143610],{},[15,143606,143607],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143609,329],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143612,143613,143614,143618],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[308,143615,143616],{"href":129220},[15,143617,123810],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[35,143620,740,143622],{"id":143621},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143623,41077],{},[20,143625,120,143626,143628],{},[15,143627,41077],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143630,35848],{},[137,143632,143633,143637,143639,143642],{},[140,143634,142955,143635,3316],{},[15,143636,2390],{},[140,143638,142960],{},[140,143640,143641],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[140,143643,143644],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143646,761],{},[40,143648,143650],{"className":42,"code":143649,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143651,143652,143666,143670,143683],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143653,143654,143657,143659,143661,143664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143655,143656],{"class":55},"email ",[49,143658,60],{"class":59},[49,143660,357],{"class":346},[49,143662,143663],{"class":350},"  user@example.com  ",[49,143665,1124],{"class":346},[49,143667,143668],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143669,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143671,143672,143674,143677,143679,143681],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143673,6431],{"class":3306},[49,143675,143676],{"class":55}," email",[49,143678,91],{"class":63},[49,143680,8065],{"class":94},[49,143682,21017],{"class":63},[49,143684,143685,143687,143689,143691,143694,143696],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143686,7501],{"class":104},[49,143688,108],{"class":63},[49,143690,347],{"class":346},[49,143692,143693],{"class":350},"Email was entered",[49,143695,347],{"class":346},[49,143697,272],{"class":63},[20,143699,275],{},[40,143701,143703],{"className":42,"code":143702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Email was entered\n",[15,143704,143705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143706,143707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143708,143702],{"class":55},[20,143710,143711,143712,143714,143715,91],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143713,41077],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[308,143716,143717],{"href":123366},[15,143718,123369],{},[35,143720,2261],{"id":2260},[20,143722,83524],{},[137,143724,143725,143729,143734,143739],{},[140,143726,1011,143727,130859],{},[15,143728,41077],{},[140,143730,1011,143731,143733],{},[15,143732,41077],{}," to remove text from the middle",[140,143735,1092,143736,143738],{},[15,143737,143607],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[140,143740,4135,143741,143744],{},[15,143742,143743],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143746,143747],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[40,143749,143751],{"className":42,"code":143750,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143752,143753,143767,143771,143781,143795,143809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143754,143755,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143756,1114],{"class":55},[49,143758,60],{"class":59},[49,143760,357],{"class":346},[49,143762,143503],{"class":350},[49,143764,86437],{"class":33875},[49,143766,1124],{"class":346},[49,143768,143769],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143770,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143772,143773,143775,143777,143779],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143774,105],{"class":104},[49,143776,108],{"class":63},[49,143778,1129],{"class":94},[49,143780,272],{"class":63},[49,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143784,105],{"class":104},[49,143786,108],{"class":63},[49,143788,41203],{"class":104},[49,143790,108],{"class":63},[49,143792,1129],{"class":94},[49,143794,1182],{"class":63},[49,143796,143797,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,143798,105],{"class":104},[49,143800,108],{"class":63},[49,143802,1129],{"class":94},[49,143804,91],{"class":63},[49,143806,8065],{"class":94},[49,143808,6628],{"class":63},[49,143810,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819,143821,143823,143825],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,143812,105],{"class":104},[49,143814,108],{"class":63},[49,143816,41203],{"class":104},[49,143818,108],{"class":63},[49,143820,1129],{"class":94},[49,143822,91],{"class":63},[49,143824,8065],{"class":94},[49,143826,5723],{"class":63},[20,143828,275],{},[40,143830,143832],{"className":42,"code":143831,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143833,143834,143839,143843,143853,143857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143835,143836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143837,143838],{"class":55},"  hello\n",[49,143840,143841],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143842,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,143844,143845,143847,143849,143851],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143846,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143848,143503],{"class":42756},[49,143850,86437],{"class":143180},[49,143852,29123],{"class":42752},[49,143854,143855],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143856,137954],{"class":55},[49,143858,143859,143861,143863],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,143860,2734],{"class":42752},[49,143862,1121],{"class":42756},[49,143864,29123],{"class":42752},[20,143866,143867],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[40,143869,143871],{"className":42,"code":143870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143872,143873,143883,143897,143911,143929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143874,143875,143877,143879,143881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143876,105],{"class":104},[49,143878,108],{"class":63},[49,143880,1129],{"class":94},[49,143882,272],{"class":63},[49,143884,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,143886,105],{"class":104},[49,143888,108],{"class":63},[49,143890,41203],{"class":104},[49,143892,108],{"class":63},[49,143894,1129],{"class":94},[49,143896,1182],{"class":63},[49,143898,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,143900,105],{"class":104},[49,143902,108],{"class":63},[49,143904,1129],{"class":94},[49,143906,91],{"class":63},[49,143908,8065],{"class":94},[49,143910,6628],{"class":63},[49,143912,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923,143925,143927],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,143914,105],{"class":104},[49,143916,108],{"class":63},[49,143918,41203],{"class":104},[49,143920,108],{"class":63},[49,143922,1129],{"class":94},[49,143924,91],{"class":63},[49,143926,8065],{"class":94},[49,143928,5723],{"class":63},[49,143930,143931,143933,143935,143937,143939,143941],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,143932,31575],{"class":104},[49,143934,108],{"class":63},[49,143936,2877],{"class":1174},[49,143938,91],{"class":63},[49,143940,8065],{"class":915},[49,143942,272],{"class":63},[20,143944,143945,143947],{},[15,143946,121853],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[35,143949,1253],{"id":1252},[528,143951,1257,143953,143955],{"id":143952},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,143954,41077],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,143957,45789,143958,143960],{},[15,143959,41077],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[528,143962,1257,143964,123966],{"id":143963},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,143965,41077],{},[20,143967,143968],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[528,143970,4573,143972,143974],{"id":143971},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,143973,41077],{}," remove by default?",[20,143976,143977],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[528,143979,33627,143981,33630,143983,1284],{"id":143980},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,143982,41077],{},[15,143984,123810],{},[20,143986,143987,143989,143990,143992],{},[15,143988,41077],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,143991,123810],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[528,143994,143996],{"id":143995},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,143998,127512,143999,144001,144002,144004],{},[15,144000,143370],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144003,143373],{}," for the right side.",[35,144006,1309],{"id":1308},[137,144008,144009,144015,144021,144026,144031],{},[140,144010,144011],{},[308,144012,125639,144013,736],{"href":123366},[15,144014,123369],{},[140,144016,144017],{},[308,144018,125639,144019,736],{"href":129220},[15,144020,123810],{},[140,144022,144023],{},[308,144024,144025],{"href":143107},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[140,144027,144028],{},[308,144029,144030],{"href":87090},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[140,144032,144033],{},[308,144034,124394],{"href":50400},[1352,144036,144037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":144039},[144040,144041,144043,144047,144049,144050,144052,144053,144055,144056,144067],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":142692,"depth":85,"text":144042},"What strip() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":144044},[144045,144046],{"id":142815,"depth":101,"text":142807},{"id":142866,"depth":101,"text":142812},{"id":142940,"depth":85,"text":144048},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143206,"depth":85,"text":143207},{"id":143365,"depth":85,"text":144051},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107646,"depth":85,"text":107647},{"id":143621,"depth":85,"text":144054},"When to use strip()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":144057},[144058,144060,144062,144064,144066],{"id":143952,"depth":101,"text":144059},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143963,"depth":101,"text":144061},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143971,"depth":101,"text":144063},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143980,"depth":101,"text":144065},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143995,"depth":101,"text":143996},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142613,"description":144068},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144075,"title":144076,"body":144077,"description":145257,"extension":1392,"meta":145258,"navigation":243,"path":145259,"seo":145260,"stem":145261,"__hash__":145262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144078,"toc":145227},[144079,144084,144089,144094,144096,144142,144150,144155,144169,144175,144177,144179,144194,144196,144206,144209,144240,144243,144266,144268,144271,144328,144330,144344,144346,144360,144366,144371,144374,144415,144417,144426,144434,144437,144482,144484,144493,144496,144500,144505,144519,144521,144553,144555,144575,144578,144583,144588,144590,144601,144604,144661,144663,144671,144680,144682,144684,144690,144692,144729,144731,144739,144741,144782,144784,144793,144798,144803,144805,144832,144839,144842,144873,144875,144884,144890,144899,144930,144932,144944,144957,144961,144966,144996,144998,145065,145067,145077,145079,145084,145087,145092,145097,145101,145107,145113,145116,145118,145176,145178,145186,145188,145224],[10,144080,122639,144082,18],{"id":144081},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144083,127517],{},[20,144085,122644,144086,144088],{},[15,144087,127517],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144090,83901,144091,144093],{},[15,144092,127517],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[35,144095,1434],{"id":1433},[40,144097,144099],{"className":42,"code":144098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144100,144101,144113,144127,144137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144102,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144104,1114],{"class":55},[49,144106,60],{"class":59},[49,144108,357],{"class":346},[49,144110,128358],{"class":350},[49,144112,1124],{"class":346},[49,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144116,382],{"class":55},[49,144118,60],{"class":59},[49,144120,42265],{"class":55},[49,144122,91],{"class":63},[49,144124,33900],{"class":94},[49,144126,98],{"class":63},[49,144128,144129,144131,144133,144135],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144130,105],{"class":104},[49,144132,108],{"class":63},[49,144134,420],{"class":94},[49,144136,272],{"class":63},[49,144138,144139],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,144140,144141],{"class":116},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144143,144144,144146,144147,144149],{},[15,144145,127517],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144148,329],{}," change the original string in place.",[35,144151,127,144153,130],{"id":144152},"what-upper-does",[15,144154,127517],{},[137,144156,144157,144162,144165,144167],{},[140,144158,144159,144161],{},[15,144160,127517],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[140,144163,144164],{},"It works on string values only",[140,144166,132887],{},[140,144168,135605],{},[20,144170,124391,144171,2310,144173,91],{},[308,144172,135611],{"href":135610},[308,144174,124394],{"href":50400},[35,144176,164],{"id":163},[20,144178,1592],{},[40,144180,144182],{"className":42,"code":144181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.upper()\n",[15,144183,144184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144185,144186,144188,144190,144192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144187,60457],{"class":55},[49,144189,91],{"class":63},[49,144191,33900],{"class":94},[49,144193,98],{"class":63},[20,144195,186],{},[137,144197,144198,144200,144203],{},[140,144199,96812],{},[140,144201,144202],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[140,144204,144205],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144207,144208],{},"Example with a variable:",[40,144210,144212],{"className":42,"code":144211,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144213,144214,144226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144217,7308],{"class":55},[49,144219,60],{"class":59},[49,144221,357],{"class":346},[49,144223,44],{"class":350},[49,144225,1124],{"class":346},[49,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144229,105],{"class":104},[49,144231,108],{"class":63},[49,144233,7103],{"class":94},[49,144235,91],{"class":63},[49,144237,33900],{"class":94},[49,144239,6628],{"class":63},[20,144241,144242],{},"Example with a string literal:",[40,144244,144246],{"className":42,"code":144245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144247,144248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144249,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144251,105],{"class":104},[49,144253,108],{"class":63},[49,144255,347],{"class":346},[49,144257,1121],{"class":350},[49,144259,347],{"class":346},[49,144261,91],{"class":63},[49,144263,33900],{"class":94},[49,144265,6628],{"class":63},[35,144267,201],{"id":200},[20,144269,144270],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[40,144272,144274],{"className":42,"code":144273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144275,144276,144288,144303,144307,144317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144277,144278,144280,144282,144284,144286],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144279,5587],{"class":55},[49,144281,60],{"class":59},[49,144283,357],{"class":346},[49,144285,3519],{"class":350},[49,144287,1124],{"class":346},[49,144289,144290,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144291,144292],{"class":55},"uppercase_word ",[49,144294,60],{"class":59},[49,144296,37804],{"class":55},[49,144298,91],{"class":63},[49,144300,33900],{"class":94},[49,144302,98],{"class":63},[49,144304,144305],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144306,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,144308,144309,144311,144313,144315],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,144310,105],{"class":104},[49,144312,108],{"class":63},[49,144314,37814],{"class":94},[49,144316,272],{"class":63},[49,144318,144319,144321,144323,144326],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,144320,105],{"class":104},[49,144322,108],{"class":63},[49,144324,144325],{"class":94},"uppercase_word",[49,144327,272],{"class":63},[20,144329,275],{},[40,144331,144333],{"className":42,"code":144332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144334,144335,144339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144336,144337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144338,69690],{"class":55},[49,144340,144341],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144342,144343],{"class":33875},"BANANA\n",[20,144345,111753],{},[137,144347,144348,144353],{},[140,144349,144350,144352],{},[15,144351,37814],{}," keeps its original value",[140,144354,144355,144357,144358],{},[15,144356,144325],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144359,127517],{},[35,144361,144363,144365],{"id":144362},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144364,127517],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144367,136271,144368,144370],{},[30,144369,136274],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144372,144373],{},"So this method:",[40,144375,144377],{"className":42,"code":144376,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144378,144379,144391,144401,144405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144380,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144382,7308],{"class":55},[49,144384,60],{"class":59},[49,144386,357],{"class":346},[49,144388,17225],{"class":350},[49,144390,1124],{"class":346},[49,144392,144393,144395,144397,144399],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144394,7103],{"class":55},[49,144396,91],{"class":63},[49,144398,33900],{"class":94},[49,144400,98],{"class":63},[49,144402,144403],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144404,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,144408,105],{"class":104},[49,144410,108],{"class":63},[49,144412,7103],{"class":94},[49,144414,272],{"class":63},[20,144416,275],{},[40,144418,144420],{"className":42,"code":144419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"alice\n",[15,144421,144422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144423,144424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144425,144419],{"class":55},[20,144427,20399,144428,144430,144431,144433],{},[15,144429,127517],{}," was called, ",[15,144432,7103],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144435,144436],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[40,144438,144440],{"className":42,"code":144439,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144441,144442,144454,144468,144472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144443,144444,144446,144448,144450,144452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144445,7308],{"class":55},[49,144447,60],{"class":59},[49,144449,357],{"class":346},[49,144451,17225],{"class":350},[49,144453,1124],{"class":346},[49,144455,144456,144458,144460,144462,144464,144466],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144457,7308],{"class":55},[49,144459,60],{"class":59},[49,144461,35414],{"class":55},[49,144463,91],{"class":63},[49,144465,33900],{"class":94},[49,144467,98],{"class":63},[49,144469,144470],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144471,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,144475,105],{"class":104},[49,144477,108],{"class":63},[49,144479,7103],{"class":94},[49,144481,272],{"class":63},[20,144483,275],{},[40,144485,144487],{"className":42,"code":144486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ALICE\n",[15,144488,144489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144490,144491],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144492,144486],{"class":33875},[20,144494,144495],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[35,144497,144499],{"id":144498},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144501,144502,144504],{},[15,144503,127517],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[137,144506,144507,144510,144513,144516],{},[140,144508,144509],{},"Numbers stay the same",[140,144511,144512],{},"Spaces stay the same",[140,144514,144515],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[140,144517,144518],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144520,761],{},[40,144522,144524],{"className":42,"code":144523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144525,144526,144539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144529,1114],{"class":55},[49,144531,60],{"class":59},[49,144533,357],{"class":346},[49,144535,144536],{"class":350},"Room 7, table #3!",[49,144538,1124],{"class":346},[49,144540,144541,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144542,105],{"class":104},[49,144544,108],{"class":63},[49,144546,1129],{"class":94},[49,144548,91],{"class":63},[49,144550,33900],{"class":94},[49,144552,6628],{"class":63},[20,144554,275],{},[40,144556,144558],{"className":42,"code":144557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144559,144560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144561,144562,144565,144567,144569,144572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144563,144564],{"class":33875},"ROOM",[49,144566,5426],{"class":67},[49,144568,71],{"class":63},[49,144570,144571],{"class":33875}," TABLE",[49,144573,144574],{"class":116}," #3!\n",[20,144576,144577],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[35,144579,740,144581],{"id":144580},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144582,127517],{},[20,144584,144585,144587],{},[15,144586,127517],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144589,47764],{},[137,144591,144592,144595,144598],{},[140,144593,144594],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[140,144596,144597],{},"Format labels or headings",[140,144599,144600],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144602,144603],{},"Example: simple comparison",[40,144605,144607],{"className":42,"code":144606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144608,144609,144621,144625,144647],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144610,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144612,135882],{"class":55},[49,144614,60],{"class":59},[49,144616,357],{"class":346},[49,144618,8088],{"class":350},[49,144620,1124],{"class":346},[49,144622,144623],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144624,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639,144641,144643,144645],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144628,6431],{"class":3306},[49,144630,135902],{"class":55},[49,144632,91],{"class":63},[49,144634,33900],{"class":94},[49,144636,6800],{"class":63},[49,144638,5841],{"class":59},[49,144640,357],{"class":346},[49,144642,135889],{"class":350},[49,144644,347],{"class":346},[49,144646,5826],{"class":63},[49,144648,144649,144651,144653,144655,144657,144659],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,144650,7501],{"class":104},[49,144652,108],{"class":63},[49,144654,347],{"class":346},[49,144656,143086],{"class":350},[49,144658,347],{"class":346},[49,144660,272],{"class":63},[20,144662,275],{},[40,144664,144665],{"className":42,"code":143095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,144666,144667],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144668,144669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144670,143095],{"class":55},[20,144672,144673,144674,1622,144676,1626,144678,91],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144675,8088],{},[15,144677,136675],{},[15,144679,135889],{},[35,144681,2261],{"id":2260},[528,144683,95173],{"id":95172},[20,144685,7549,144686,144689],{},[15,144687,144688],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144691,16066],{},[40,144693,144695],{"className":42,"code":144694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144696,144697,144709,144719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144698,144699,144701,144703,144705,144707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144700,1114],{"class":55},[49,144702,60],{"class":59},[49,144704,357],{"class":346},[49,144706,1121],{"class":350},[49,144708,1124],{"class":346},[49,144710,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144712,1129],{"class":55},[49,144714,91],{"class":63},[49,144716,33900],{"class":94},[49,144718,98],{"class":63},[49,144720,144721,144723,144725,144727],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144722,105],{"class":104},[49,144724,108],{"class":63},[49,144726,1129],{"class":94},[49,144728,272],{"class":63},[20,144730,275],{},[40,144732,144733],{"className":42,"code":137954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,144734,144735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144736,144737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144738,137954],{"class":55},[20,144740,16078],{},[40,144742,144744],{"className":42,"code":144743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144745,144746,144758,144772],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144749,1114],{"class":55},[49,144751,60],{"class":59},[49,144753,357],{"class":346},[49,144755,1121],{"class":350},[49,144757,1124],{"class":346},[49,144759,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768,144770],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144761,1114],{"class":55},[49,144763,60],{"class":59},[49,144765,42265],{"class":55},[49,144767,91],{"class":63},[49,144769,33900],{"class":94},[49,144771,98],{"class":63},[49,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,144775,105],{"class":104},[49,144777,108],{"class":63},[49,144779,1129],{"class":94},[49,144781,272],{"class":63},[20,144783,275],{},[40,144785,144787],{"className":42,"code":144786,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO\n",[15,144788,144789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144790,144791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144792,144786],{"class":33875},[528,144794,18330,144796,136561],{"id":144795},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144797,127517],{},[20,144799,144800,144802],{},[15,144801,127517],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144804,761],{},[40,144806,144808],{"className":42,"code":144807,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144809,144810,144818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144811,144812,144814,144816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144813,1650],{"class":55},[49,144815,60],{"class":59},[49,144817,124321],{"class":67},[49,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826,144828,144830],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144821,105],{"class":104},[49,144823,108],{"class":63},[49,144825,1672],{"class":94},[49,144827,91],{"class":63},[49,144829,33900],{"class":94},[49,144831,6628],{"class":63},[20,144833,39077,144834,144836,144837,1141],{},[15,144835,1621],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144838,127517],{},[20,144840,144841],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[40,144843,144845],{"className":42,"code":144844,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144846,144847,144855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144848,144849,144851,144853],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144850,1650],{"class":55},[49,144852,60],{"class":59},[49,144854,124321],{"class":67},[49,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144858,105],{"class":104},[49,144860,108],{"class":63},[49,144862,2877],{"class":1174},[49,144864,108],{"class":63},[49,144866,1672],{"class":94},[49,144868,8062],{"class":63},[49,144870,33900],{"class":94},[49,144872,6628],{"class":63},[20,144874,275],{},[40,144876,144878],{"className":42,"code":144877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"123\n",[15,144879,144880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144881,144882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144883,144877],{"class":67},[528,144885,36627,144887,144889],{"id":144886},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144888,127517],{}," with title case",[20,144891,144892,144894,144895,144898],{},[15,144893,127517],{}," makes ",[30,144896,144897],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[40,144900,144902],{"className":42,"code":144901,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144903,144904,144916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144905,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144907,1114],{"class":55},[49,144909,60],{"class":59},[49,144911,357],{"class":346},[49,144913,59689],{"class":350},[49,144915,1124],{"class":346},[49,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,144919,105],{"class":104},[49,144921,108],{"class":63},[49,144923,1129],{"class":94},[49,144925,91],{"class":63},[49,144927,33900],{"class":94},[49,144929,6628],{"class":63},[20,144931,275],{},[40,144933,144935],{"className":42,"code":144934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144936,144937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144938,144939,144941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144940,135663],{"class":33875},[49,144942,144943],{"class":33875}," WORLD\n",[20,144945,144946,144947,144951,144952,144956],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[308,144948,144949],{"href":123366},[15,144950,123369],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[308,144953,144954],{"href":129220},[15,144955,123810],{}," changes parts of a string.",[35,144958,144960],{"id":144959},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,144962,144963,144964,135],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,144965,127517],{},[137,144967,144968,144975,144982,144989],{},[140,144969,144970,144974],{},[308,144971,144972],{"href":123366},[15,144973,123369],{}," for lowercase text",[140,144976,144977,144981],{},[308,144978,144979],{"href":136209},[15,144980,41077],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[140,144983,144984,144988],{},[308,144985,144986],{"href":129220},[15,144987,123810],{}," for changing parts of a string",[140,144990,144991,618,144993,144995],{},[15,144992,127007],{},[15,144994,125697],{}," for checks",[20,144997,761],{},[40,144999,145001],{"className":42,"code":145000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145002,145003,145015,145019,145034,145050,145054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145006,1114],{"class":55},[49,145008,60],{"class":59},[49,145010,357],{"class":346},[49,145012,142737],{"class":350},[49,145014,1124],{"class":346},[49,145016,145017],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145018,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,145020,145021,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,145022,145023],{"class":55},"cleaned ",[49,145025,60],{"class":59},[49,145027,42265],{"class":55},[49,145029,91],{"class":63},[49,145031,8065],{"class":94},[49,145033,98],{"class":63},[49,145035,145036,145039,145041,145044,145046,145048],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,145037,145038],{"class":55},"loud ",[49,145040,60],{"class":59},[49,145042,145043],{"class":55}," cleaned",[49,145045,91],{"class":63},[49,145047,33900],{"class":94},[49,145049,98],{"class":63},[49,145051,145052],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,145053,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,145055,145056,145058,145060,145063],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,145057,105],{"class":104},[49,145059,108],{"class":63},[49,145061,145062],{"class":94},"loud",[49,145064,272],{"class":63},[20,145066,275],{},[40,145068,145069],{"className":42,"code":144934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145070,145071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145072,145073,145075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145074,135663],{"class":33875},[49,145076,144943],{"class":33875},[35,145078,1253],{"id":1252},[528,145080,1257,145082,123966],{"id":145081},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145083,127517],{},[20,145085,145086],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[528,145088,1257,145090,136943],{"id":145089},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145091,127517],{},[20,145093,145094,145095,91],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145096,144688],{},[528,145098,145100],{"id":145099},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145102,145103,145104,145106],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145105,127517],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[528,145108,1296,145110,145112],{"id":145109},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145111,127517],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145114,145115],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145117,761],{},[40,145119,145121],{"className":42,"code":145120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145122,145123,145135,145148,145152],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145126,543],{"class":55},[49,145128,60],{"class":59},[49,145130,357],{"class":346},[49,145132,44],{"class":350},[49,145134,1124],{"class":346},[49,145136,145137,145139,145141,145143,145146],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145138,564],{"class":55},[49,145140,60],{"class":59},[49,145142,357],{"class":346},[49,145144,145145],{"class":350},"PYTHON",[49,145147,1124],{"class":346},[49,145149,145150],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,145151,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,145153,145154,145156,145158,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,145155,105],{"class":104},[49,145157,108],{"class":63},[49,145159,308],{"class":94},[49,145161,91],{"class":63},[49,145163,33900],{"class":94},[49,145165,6800],{"class":63},[49,145167,5841],{"class":59},[49,145169,1990],{"class":94},[49,145171,91],{"class":63},[49,145173,33900],{"class":94},[49,145175,6628],{"class":63},[20,145177,275],{},[40,145179,145180],{"className":42,"code":3410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145181,145182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145183,145184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145185,3410],{"class":3281},[35,145187,1309],{"id":1308},[137,145189,145190,145194,145200,145206,145212,145216,145220],{},[140,145191,145192],{},[308,145193,124394],{"href":50400},[140,145195,145196],{},[308,145197,125639,145198,736],{"href":123366},[15,145199,123369],{},[140,145201,145202],{},[308,145203,125639,145204,736],{"href":136209},[15,145205,41077],{},[140,145207,145208],{},[308,145209,125639,145210,736],{"href":129220},[15,145211,123810],{},[140,145213,145214],{},[308,145215,89967],{"href":88976},[140,145217,145218],{},[308,145219,124038],{"href":122894},[140,145221,145222],{},[308,145223,137029],{"href":135610},[1352,145225,145226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":145228},[145229,145230,145232,145233,145234,145236,145237,145239,145246,145247,145256],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":144152,"depth":85,"text":145231},"What upper() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":144362,"depth":85,"text":145235},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144498,"depth":85,"text":144499},{"id":144580,"depth":85,"text":145238},"When to use upper()",{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":145240},[145241,145242,145244],{"id":95172,"depth":101,"text":95173},{"id":144795,"depth":101,"text":145243},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144886,"depth":101,"text":145245},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144959,"depth":85,"text":144960},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":145248},[145249,145251,145253,145254],{"id":145081,"depth":101,"text":145250},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145089,"depth":101,"text":145252},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145099,"depth":101,"text":145100},{"id":145109,"depth":101,"text":145255},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144076,"description":145257},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145264,"title":145265,"body":145266,"description":147143,"extension":1392,"meta":147144,"navigation":243,"path":147145,"seo":147146,"stem":147147,"__hash__":147148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145267,"toc":147093},[145268,145274,145281,145287,145289,145345,145350,145355,145360,145363,145382,145385,145387,145411,145429,145440,145442,145445,145498,145500,145508,145510,145528,145533,145536,145593,145595,145604,145607,145627,145630,145636,145641,145643,145686,145688,145696,145699,145740,145742,145751,145757,145763,145790,145792,145800,145805,145809,145821,145864,145866,145874,145879,145885,145890,145894,145896,145939,145942,145989,145991,146000,146007,146011,146014,146060,146065,146069,146071,146114,146117,146125,146127,146132,146134,146136,146155,146158,146170,146172,146191,146193,146201,146205,146207,146258,146261,146336,146338,146346,146349,146353,146355,146402,146405,146476,146478,146486,146492,146494,146569,146573,146652,146654,146662,146668,146674,146679,146684,146733,146737,146808,146811,146816,146827,146830,146841,146851,146853,146858,146883,146888,146969,146971,146996,146998,147003,147006,147012,147021,147027,147030,147036,147042,147049,147052,147054,147090],[10,145269,3010,145271,3014],{"id":145270},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145272,145273],{},"sum()",[20,145275,8554,145276,145278,145279,24186],{},[15,145277,145273],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145280,59281],{},[20,145282,145283,145284,145286],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145285,35495],{}," value and a few important limits.",[35,145288,1434],{"id":1433},[40,145290,145292],{"className":42,"code":145291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145293,145294,145318,145333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145297,214],{"class":55},[49,145299,60],{"class":59},[49,145301,64],{"class":63},[49,145303,68],{"class":67},[49,145305,71],{"class":63},[49,145307,74],{"class":67},[49,145309,71],{"class":63},[49,145311,79],{"class":67},[49,145313,71],{"class":63},[49,145315,1888],{"class":67},[49,145317,82],{"class":63},[49,145319,145320,145322,145324,145327,145329,145331],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145321,40606],{"class":55},[49,145323,60],{"class":59},[49,145325,145326],{"class":104}," sum",[49,145328,108],{"class":63},[49,145330,249],{"class":94},[49,145332,272],{"class":63},[49,145334,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,145336,105],{"class":104},[49,145338,108],{"class":63},[49,145340,40635],{"class":94},[49,145342,113],{"class":63},[49,145344,26218],{"class":116},[20,145346,120,145347,145349],{},[15,145348,145273],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[35,145351,127,145353,130],{"id":145352},"what-sum-does",[15,145354,145273],{},[20,145356,145357,145359],{},[15,145358,145273],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145361,145362],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[137,145364,145365,145368,145371,145376],{},[140,145366,145367],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[140,145369,145370],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[140,145372,145373,145374],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145375,35620],{},[140,145377,145378,145379,145381],{},"Counting ",[15,145380,3039],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145383,145384],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[35,145386,164],{"id":163},[40,145388,145390],{"className":42,"code":145389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145391,145392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145393,145394,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407,145409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145395,145396],{"class":104},"sum",[49,145398,108],{"class":63},[49,145400,3151],{"class":94},[49,145402,71],{"class":63},[49,145404,35474],{"class":8607},[49,145406,60],{"class":59},[49,145408,1552],{"class":67},[49,145410,272],{"class":63},[137,145412,145413,145418,145423],{},[140,145414,145415,145417],{},[15,145416,3151],{}," is the group of values to add",[140,145419,145420,145422],{},[15,145421,35495],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[140,145424,145425,145426],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145427,145428],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145430,145431,145432,145435,145436,91],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145433,145434,3151],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[308,145437,145438,24040],{"href":35617},[15,145439,35620],{},[35,145441,201],{"id":200},[20,145443,145444],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[40,145446,145448],{"className":42,"code":145447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145449,145450,145470,145484,145488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145451,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145453,214],{"class":55},[49,145455,60],{"class":59},[49,145457,64],{"class":63},[49,145459,1569],{"class":67},[49,145461,71],{"class":63},[49,145463,5437],{"class":67},[49,145465,71],{"class":63},[49,145467,37360],{"class":67},[49,145469,82],{"class":63},[49,145471,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145473,40606],{"class":55},[49,145475,60],{"class":59},[49,145477,145326],{"class":104},[49,145479,108],{"class":63},[49,145481,249],{"class":94},[49,145483,272],{"class":63},[49,145485,145486],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,145487,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,145489,145490,145492,145494,145496],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,145491,105],{"class":104},[49,145493,108],{"class":63},[49,145495,40635],{"class":94},[49,145497,272],{"class":63},[20,145499,275],{},[40,145501,145502],{"className":42,"code":69124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145503,145504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145505,145506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145507,69124],{"class":67},[20,145509,287],{},[137,145511,145512,145517,145523],{},[140,145513,145514,145516],{},[15,145515,249],{}," contains three integers",[140,145518,145519,145522],{},[15,145520,145521],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[140,145524,145525,145526],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145527,40635],{},[35,145529,36035,145531,7864],{"id":145530},"using-the-start-value",[15,145532,35495],{},[20,145534,145535],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[40,145537,145539],{"className":42,"code":145538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145540,145541,145561,145579,145583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145542,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145544,214],{"class":55},[49,145546,60],{"class":59},[49,145548,64],{"class":63},[49,145550,68],{"class":67},[49,145552,71],{"class":63},[49,145554,74],{"class":67},[49,145556,71],{"class":63},[49,145558,79],{"class":67},[49,145560,82],{"class":63},[49,145562,145563,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145564,40606],{"class":55},[49,145566,60],{"class":59},[49,145568,145326],{"class":104},[49,145570,108],{"class":63},[49,145572,249],{"class":94},[49,145574,71],{"class":63},[49,145576,5437],{"class":67},[49,145578,272],{"class":63},[49,145580,145581],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,145582,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,145584,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,145586,105],{"class":104},[49,145588,108],{"class":63},[49,145590,40635],{"class":94},[49,145592,272],{"class":63},[20,145594,275],{},[40,145596,145598],{"className":42,"code":145597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"16\n",[15,145599,145600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145601,145602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145603,145597],{"class":67},[20,145605,145606],{},"This works like:",[137,145608,145609,145614,145619,145623],{},[140,145610,145611,145612],{},"Start at ",[15,145613,221],{},[140,145615,145616,145617],{},"Add ",[15,145618,68],{},[140,145620,145616,145621],{},[15,145622,1488],{},[140,145624,145616,145625],{},[15,145626,1494],{},[20,145628,145629],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[35,145631,127,145633,145635],{"id":145632},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145634,145273],{}," can work with",[20,145637,145638,145640],{},[15,145639,145273],{}," works with numeric values.",[528,145642,39849],{"id":39848},[40,145644,145646],{"className":42,"code":145645,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145647,145648,145672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145649,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145651,3252],{"class":55},[49,145653,60],{"class":59},[49,145655,64],{"class":63},[49,145657,68],{"class":67},[49,145659,71],{"class":63},[49,145661,74],{"class":67},[49,145663,71],{"class":63},[49,145665,79],{"class":67},[49,145667,71],{"class":63},[49,145669,1888],{"class":67},[49,145671,82],{"class":63},[49,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145675,105],{"class":104},[49,145677,108],{"class":63},[49,145679,145396],{"class":104},[49,145681,108],{"class":63},[49,145683,4790],{"class":94},[49,145685,1182],{"class":63},[20,145687,275],{},[40,145689,145690],{"className":42,"code":1808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145691,145692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145693,145694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145695,1808],{"class":67},[528,145697,145698],{"id":51471},"Floats",[40,145700,145702],{"className":42,"code":145701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145703,145704,145726],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145705,145706,145708,145710,145712,145714,145716,145719,145721,145724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145707,82332],{"class":55},[49,145709,60],{"class":59},[49,145711,64],{"class":63},[49,145713,40582],{"class":67},[49,145715,71],{"class":63},[49,145717,145718],{"class":67}," 3.75",[49,145720,71],{"class":63},[49,145722,145723],{"class":67}," 1.25",[49,145725,82],{"class":63},[49,145727,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145729,105],{"class":104},[49,145731,108],{"class":63},[49,145733,145396],{"class":104},[49,145735,108],{"class":63},[49,145737,82368],{"class":94},[49,145739,1182],{"class":63},[20,145741,275],{},[40,145743,145745],{"className":42,"code":145744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.5\n",[15,145746,145747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145748,145749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145750,145744],{"class":67},[20,145752,145753,145754,91],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[308,145755,145756],{"href":1850},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[528,145758,145760,145761],{"id":145759},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145762,35620],{},[40,145764,145766],{"className":42,"code":145765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145767,145768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145769,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145771,105],{"class":104},[49,145773,108],{"class":63},[49,145775,145396],{"class":104},[49,145777,108],{"class":63},[49,145779,59281],{"class":104},[49,145781,108],{"class":63},[49,145783,68],{"class":67},[49,145785,71],{"class":63},[49,145787,37067],{"class":67},[49,145789,2344],{"class":63},[20,145791,275],{},[40,145793,145794],{"className":42,"code":46465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145795,145796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145797,145798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145799,46465],{"class":67},[20,145801,112843,145802,91],{},[15,145803,145804],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[528,145806,145808],{"id":145807},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145810,145811,145812,145814,145815,618,145817,145814,145819,91],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145813,3039],{}," acts like ",[15,145816,68],{},[15,145818,3105],{},[15,145820,1552],{},[40,145822,145824],{"className":42,"code":145823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145825,145826,145850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145827,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145829,51391],{"class":55},[49,145831,60],{"class":59},[49,145833,64],{"class":63},[49,145835,3039],{"class":3281},[49,145837,71],{"class":63},[49,145839,3337],{"class":3281},[49,145841,71],{"class":63},[49,145843,3346],{"class":3281},[49,145845,71],{"class":63},[49,145847,3346],{"class":3281},[49,145849,82],{"class":63},[49,145851,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145853,105],{"class":104},[49,145855,108],{"class":63},[49,145857,145396],{"class":104},[49,145859,108],{"class":63},[49,145861,51444],{"class":94},[49,145863,1182],{"class":63},[20,145865,275],{},[40,145867,145868],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145869,145870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145871,145872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145873,46041],{"class":67},[20,145875,145876,145877,91],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145878,3039],{},[35,145880,127,145882,145884],{"id":145881},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145883,145273],{}," does not work with",[20,145886,145887,145889],{},[15,145888,145273],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[528,145891,145893],{"id":145892},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145895,2268],{},[40,145897,145899],{"className":42,"code":145898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145900,145901,145925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145902,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145904,3501],{"class":55},[49,145906,60],{"class":59},[49,145908,64],{"class":63},[49,145910,347],{"class":346},[49,145912,1121],{"class":350},[49,145914,347],{"class":346},[49,145916,71],{"class":63},[49,145918,357],{"class":346},[49,145920,59874],{"class":350},[49,145922,347],{"class":346},[49,145924,82],{"class":63},[49,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145928,105],{"class":104},[49,145930,108],{"class":63},[49,145932,145396],{"class":104},[49,145934,108],{"class":63},[49,145936,3545],{"class":94},[49,145938,1182],{"class":63},[20,145940,145941],{},"Use string joining instead:",[40,145943,145945],{"className":42,"code":145944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145946,145947,145971],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145948,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145950,3501],{"class":55},[49,145952,60],{"class":59},[49,145954,64],{"class":63},[49,145956,347],{"class":346},[49,145958,1121],{"class":350},[49,145960,347],{"class":346},[49,145962,71],{"class":63},[49,145964,357],{"class":346},[49,145966,59874],{"class":350},[49,145968,347],{"class":346},[49,145970,82],{"class":63},[49,145972,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,145974,105],{"class":104},[49,145976,108],{"class":63},[49,145978,5705],{"class":346},[49,145980,91],{"class":63},[49,145982,132798],{"class":94},[49,145984,108],{"class":63},[49,145986,3545],{"class":94},[49,145988,1182],{"class":63},[20,145990,275],{},[40,145992,145994],{"className":42,"code":145993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"helloworld\n",[15,145995,145996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145997,145998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145999,145993],{"class":55},[20,146001,146002,146003,91],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[308,146004,146005,5216],{"href":41598},[15,146006,47108],{},[528,146008,146010],{"id":146009},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146012,146013],{},"This also causes an error:",[40,146015,146017],{"className":42,"code":146016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146018,146019,146046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146020,146021,146024,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146022,146023],{"class":55},"lists ",[49,146025,60],{"class":59},[49,146027,55575],{"class":63},[49,146029,68],{"class":67},[49,146031,71],{"class":63},[49,146033,74],{"class":67},[49,146035,17484],{"class":63},[49,146037,64],{"class":63},[49,146039,1494],{"class":67},[49,146041,71],{"class":63},[49,146043,1888],{"class":67},[49,146045,52666],{"class":63},[49,146047,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146049,105],{"class":104},[49,146051,108],{"class":63},[49,146053,145396],{"class":104},[49,146055,108],{"class":63},[49,146057,4731],{"class":94},[49,146059,1182],{"class":63},[20,146061,146062,146064],{},[15,146063,145273],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[528,146066,146068],{"id":146067},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146070,4904],{},[40,146072,146074],{"className":42,"code":146073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146075,146076,146100],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146077,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096,146098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146079,3252],{"class":55},[49,146081,60],{"class":59},[49,146083,64],{"class":63},[49,146085,68],{"class":67},[49,146087,71],{"class":63},[49,146089,74],{"class":67},[49,146091,71],{"class":63},[49,146093,357],{"class":346},[49,146095,1494],{"class":350},[49,146097,347],{"class":346},[49,146099,82],{"class":63},[49,146101,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146103,105],{"class":104},[49,146105,108],{"class":63},[49,146107,145396],{"class":104},[49,146109,108],{"class":63},[49,146111,4790],{"class":94},[49,146113,1182],{"class":63},[20,146115,146116],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146118,146119,146120,146122,146123,91],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146121,65229],{},", convert them first. See ",[308,146124,2395],{"href":2394},[35,146126,40928],{"id":40927},[20,146128,146129,146130,91],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146131,145273],{},[528,146133,5957],{"id":5956},[20,146135,3956],{},[40,146137,146139],{"className":42,"code":146138,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146140,146141],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146142,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146144,105],{"class":104},[49,146146,108],{"class":63},[49,146148,145396],{"class":104},[49,146150,108],{"class":63},[49,146152,1569],{"class":67},[49,146154,1182],{"class":63},[20,146156,146157],{},"Why it fails:",[137,146159,146160,146165],{},[140,146161,146162,146164],{},[15,146163,1569],{}," is a single integer",[140,146166,146167,146169],{},[15,146168,145273],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146171,5987],{},[40,146173,146175],{"className":42,"code":146174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146176,146177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146178,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146180,105],{"class":104},[49,146182,108],{"class":63},[49,146184,145396],{"class":104},[49,146186,2418],{"class":63},[49,146188,1569],{"class":67},[49,146190,2431],{"class":63},[20,146192,275],{},[40,146194,146195],{"className":42,"code":2379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146196,146197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146198,146199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146200,2379],{"class":67},[528,146202,146204],{"id":146203},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146206,3956],{},[40,146208,146210],{"className":42,"code":146209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146211,146212,146244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146213,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146215,3252],{"class":55},[49,146217,60],{"class":59},[49,146219,64],{"class":63},[49,146221,347],{"class":346},[49,146223,68],{"class":350},[49,146225,347],{"class":346},[49,146227,71],{"class":63},[49,146229,357],{"class":346},[49,146231,1488],{"class":350},[49,146233,347],{"class":346},[49,146235,71],{"class":63},[49,146237,357],{"class":346},[49,146239,1494],{"class":350},[49,146241,347],{"class":346},[49,146243,82],{"class":63},[49,146245,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146247,105],{"class":104},[49,146249,108],{"class":63},[49,146251,145396],{"class":104},[49,146253,108],{"class":63},[49,146255,4790],{"class":94},[49,146257,1182],{"class":63},[20,146259,146260],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[40,146262,146264],{"className":42,"code":146263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146265,146266,146298,146326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146267,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146269,3252],{"class":55},[49,146271,60],{"class":59},[49,146273,64],{"class":63},[49,146275,347],{"class":346},[49,146277,68],{"class":350},[49,146279,347],{"class":346},[49,146281,71],{"class":63},[49,146283,357],{"class":346},[49,146285,1488],{"class":350},[49,146287,347],{"class":346},[49,146289,71],{"class":63},[49,146291,357],{"class":346},[49,146293,1494],{"class":350},[49,146295,347],{"class":346},[49,146297,82],{"class":63},[49,146299,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146301,40606],{"class":55},[49,146303,60],{"class":59},[49,146305,145326],{"class":104},[49,146307,108],{"class":63},[49,146309,1621],{"class":1174},[49,146311,108],{"class":63},[49,146313,1606],{"class":94},[49,146315,113],{"class":63},[49,146317,3307],{"class":3306},[49,146319,3310],{"class":94},[49,146321,3313],{"class":3306},[49,146323,3316],{"class":94},[49,146325,272],{"class":63},[49,146327,146328,146330,146332,146334],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,146329,105],{"class":104},[49,146331,108],{"class":63},[49,146333,40635],{"class":94},[49,146335,272],{"class":63},[20,146337,275],{},[40,146339,146340],{"className":42,"code":2085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146341,146342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146343,146344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146345,2085],{"class":67},[20,146347,146348],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[528,146350,146352],{"id":146351},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146354,3956],{},[40,146356,146358],{"className":42,"code":146357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146359,146360,146388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146361,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146363,3252],{"class":55},[49,146365,60],{"class":59},[49,146367,64],{"class":63},[49,146369,68],{"class":67},[49,146371,71],{"class":63},[49,146373,74],{"class":67},[49,146375,71],{"class":63},[49,146377,357],{"class":346},[49,146379,1494],{"class":350},[49,146381,347],{"class":346},[49,146383,71],{"class":63},[49,146385,1888],{"class":67},[49,146387,82],{"class":63},[49,146389,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146391,105],{"class":104},[49,146393,108],{"class":63},[49,146395,145396],{"class":104},[49,146397,108],{"class":63},[49,146399,4790],{"class":94},[49,146401,1182],{"class":63},[20,146403,146404],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[40,146406,146408],{"className":42,"code":146407,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146409,146410,146438,146466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146411,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146413,3252],{"class":55},[49,146415,60],{"class":59},[49,146417,64],{"class":63},[49,146419,68],{"class":67},[49,146421,71],{"class":63},[49,146423,74],{"class":67},[49,146425,71],{"class":63},[49,146427,357],{"class":346},[49,146429,1494],{"class":350},[49,146431,347],{"class":346},[49,146433,71],{"class":63},[49,146435,1888],{"class":67},[49,146437,82],{"class":63},[49,146439,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146441,40606],{"class":55},[49,146443,60],{"class":59},[49,146445,145326],{"class":104},[49,146447,108],{"class":63},[49,146449,1621],{"class":1174},[49,146451,108],{"class":63},[49,146453,1606],{"class":94},[49,146455,113],{"class":63},[49,146457,3307],{"class":3306},[49,146459,3310],{"class":94},[49,146461,3313],{"class":3306},[49,146463,3316],{"class":94},[49,146465,272],{"class":63},[49,146467,146468,146470,146472,146474],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,146469,105],{"class":104},[49,146471,108],{"class":63},[49,146473,40635],{"class":94},[49,146475,272],{"class":63},[20,146477,275],{},[40,146479,146480],{"className":42,"code":1808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146481,146482],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146483,146484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146485,1808],{"class":67},[528,146487,1092,146489,146491],{"id":146488},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146490,145273],{}," to join text",[20,146493,3956],{},[40,146495,146497],{"className":42,"code":146496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146498,146499,146555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146502,35513],{"class":55},[49,146504,60],{"class":59},[49,146506,64],{"class":63},[49,146508,347],{"class":346},[49,146510,133397],{"class":350},[49,146512,347],{"class":346},[49,146514,71],{"class":63},[49,146516,357],{"class":346},[49,146518,11169],{"class":350},[49,146520,347],{"class":346},[49,146522,71],{"class":63},[49,146524,357],{"class":346},[49,146526,62570],{"class":350},[49,146528,347],{"class":346},[49,146530,71],{"class":63},[49,146532,357],{"class":346},[49,146534,59721],{"class":350},[49,146536,347],{"class":346},[49,146538,71],{"class":63},[49,146540,357],{"class":346},[49,146542,59756],{"class":350},[49,146544,347],{"class":346},[49,146546,71],{"class":63},[49,146548,357],{"class":346},[49,146550,75314],{"class":350},[49,146552,347],{"class":346},[49,146554,82],{"class":63},[49,146556,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146558,105],{"class":104},[49,146560,108],{"class":63},[49,146562,145396],{"class":104},[49,146564,108],{"class":63},[49,146566,35566],{"class":94},[49,146568,1182],{"class":63},[20,146570,120,146571,59815],{},[15,146572,132721],{},[40,146574,146576],{"className":42,"code":146575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146577,146578,146634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146579,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146581,35513],{"class":55},[49,146583,60],{"class":59},[49,146585,64],{"class":63},[49,146587,347],{"class":346},[49,146589,133397],{"class":350},[49,146591,347],{"class":346},[49,146593,71],{"class":63},[49,146595,357],{"class":346},[49,146597,11169],{"class":350},[49,146599,347],{"class":346},[49,146601,71],{"class":63},[49,146603,357],{"class":346},[49,146605,62570],{"class":350},[49,146607,347],{"class":346},[49,146609,71],{"class":63},[49,146611,357],{"class":346},[49,146613,59721],{"class":350},[49,146615,347],{"class":346},[49,146617,71],{"class":63},[49,146619,357],{"class":346},[49,146621,59756],{"class":350},[49,146623,347],{"class":346},[49,146625,71],{"class":63},[49,146627,357],{"class":346},[49,146629,75314],{"class":350},[49,146631,347],{"class":346},[49,146633,82],{"class":63},[49,146635,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146637,105],{"class":104},[49,146639,108],{"class":63},[49,146641,5705],{"class":346},[49,146643,91],{"class":63},[49,146645,132798],{"class":94},[49,146647,108],{"class":63},[49,146649,35566],{"class":94},[49,146651,1182],{"class":63},[20,146653,275],{},[40,146655,146656],{"className":42,"code":133478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146657,146658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146659,146660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146661,133478],{"class":55},[20,146663,146664,146665,91],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[308,146666,146667],{"href":134559},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[35,146669,146671,146673],{"id":146670},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146672,145273],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146675,146676,146678],{},[15,146677,145273],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[528,146680,1092,146682],{"id":146681},"using-sum",[15,146683,145273],{},[40,146685,146687],{"className":42,"code":146686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146688,146689,146709,146723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146690,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146692,214],{"class":55},[49,146694,60],{"class":59},[49,146696,64],{"class":63},[49,146698,1936],{"class":67},[49,146700,71],{"class":63},[49,146702,5426],{"class":67},[49,146704,71],{"class":63},[49,146706,53560],{"class":67},[49,146708,82],{"class":63},[49,146710,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146712,40606],{"class":55},[49,146714,60],{"class":59},[49,146716,145326],{"class":104},[49,146718,108],{"class":63},[49,146720,249],{"class":94},[49,146722,272],{"class":63},[49,146724,146725,146727,146729,146731],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,146726,105],{"class":104},[49,146728,108],{"class":63},[49,146730,40635],{"class":94},[49,146732,272],{"class":63},[528,146734,146736],{"id":146735},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[40,146738,146740],{"className":42,"code":146739,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146741,146742,146762,146770,146774,146786,146794,146798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146743,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146745,214],{"class":55},[49,146747,60],{"class":59},[49,146749,64],{"class":63},[49,146751,1936],{"class":67},[49,146753,71],{"class":63},[49,146755,5426],{"class":67},[49,146757,71],{"class":63},[49,146759,53560],{"class":67},[49,146761,82],{"class":63},[49,146763,146764,146766,146768],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146765,40606],{"class":55},[49,146767,60],{"class":59},[49,146769,37936],{"class":67},[49,146771,146772],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,146773,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,146777,5391],{"class":3306},[49,146779,5819],{"class":55},[49,146781,3313],{"class":3306},[49,146783,3695],{"class":55},[49,146785,5826],{"class":63},[49,146787,146788,146790,146792],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,146789,89391],{"class":55},[49,146791,89394],{"class":59},[49,146793,89397],{"class":55},[49,146795,146796],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,146797,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,146799,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,146801,105],{"class":104},[49,146803,108],{"class":63},[49,146805,40635],{"class":94},[49,146807,272],{"class":63},[20,146809,146810],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146812,1920,146813,146815],{},[15,146814,145273],{}," is often better:",[137,146817,146818,146821,146824],{},[140,146819,146820],{},"Shorter code",[140,146822,146823],{},"Easier to read",[140,146825,146826],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146828,146829],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[137,146831,146832,146835,146838],{},[140,146833,146834],{},"You need to skip some values",[140,146836,146837],{},"You need extra checks",[140,146839,146840],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146842,146843,146844,146847,146848,146850],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[308,146845,146846],{"href":39432},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146849,145273],{}," on the filtered result.",[35,146852,2261],{"id":2260},[20,146854,146855,146856,135],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146857,145273],{},[137,146859,146860,146866,146873,146880],{},[140,146861,146862,146863],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146864,146865],{},"sum(5)",[140,146867,146868,146869,146872],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146870,146871],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[140,146874,1092,146875,146877,146878],{},[15,146876,145273],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146879,132721],{},[140,146881,146882],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146884,8306,146885,146887],{},[15,146886,145273],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[40,146889,146891],{"className":42,"code":146890,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146892,146893,146903,146917,146941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146896,105],{"class":104},[49,146898,108],{"class":63},[49,146900,4790],{"class":94},[49,146902,272],{"class":63},[49,146904,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,146906,105],{"class":104},[49,146908,108],{"class":63},[49,146910,1175],{"class":1174},[49,146912,108],{"class":63},[49,146914,4790],{"class":94},[49,146916,1182],{"class":63},[49,146918,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,146920,105],{"class":104},[49,146922,2418],{"class":63},[49,146924,1175],{"class":1174},[49,146926,108],{"class":63},[49,146928,1606],{"class":94},[49,146930,113],{"class":63},[49,146932,3307],{"class":3306},[49,146934,3310],{"class":94},[49,146936,3313],{"class":3306},[49,146938,3316],{"class":94},[49,146940,3319],{"class":63},[49,146942,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,146944,105],{"class":104},[49,146946,108],{"class":63},[49,146948,145396],{"class":104},[49,146950,2418],{"class":63},[49,146952,1621],{"class":1174},[49,146954,108],{"class":63},[49,146956,1606],{"class":94},[49,146958,113],{"class":63},[49,146960,3307],{"class":3306},[49,146962,3310],{"class":94},[49,146964,3313],{"class":3306},[49,146966,3316],{"class":94},[49,146968,2431],{"class":63},[20,146970,135292],{},[137,146972,146973,146979,146985,146990],{},[140,146974,146975,146978],{},[15,146976,146977],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[140,146980,146981,146984],{},[15,146982,146983],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[140,146986,146987,135314],{},[15,146988,146989],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[140,146991,146992,146995],{},[15,146993,146994],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[35,146997,1253],{"id":1252},[528,146999,4573,147001,4576],{"id":147000},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147002,145273],{},[20,147004,147005],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[528,147007,4601,147009,147011],{"id":147008},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147010,145273],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147013,29694,147014,2310,147017,147020],{},[15,147015,147016],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147018,147019],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[528,147022,4601,147024,147026],{"id":147023},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147025,145273],{}," work with floats?",[20,147028,147029],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[528,147031,147033,147034,1284],{"id":147032},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147035,145273],{},[20,147037,147038,147039,147041],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147040,35495],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[528,147043,4589,147045,118677,147047,1284],{"id":147044},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147046,145273],{},[15,147048,2437],{},[20,147050,147051],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[35,147053,1309],{"id":1308},[137,147055,147056,147060,147066,147072,147078,147082,147086],{},[140,147057,147058],{},[308,147059,145756],{"href":1850},[140,147061,147062],{},[308,147063,3010,147064,2943],{"href":35617},[15,147065,35620],{},[140,147067,147068],{},[308,147069,3010,147070,2943],{"href":41781},[15,147071,41784],{},[140,147073,147074],{},[308,147075,3010,147076,2943],{"href":41598},[15,147077,47108],{},[140,147079,147080],{},[308,147081,4652],{"href":39432},[140,147083,147084],{},[308,147085,2960],{"href":2394},[140,147087,147088],{},[308,147089,146667],{"href":134559},[1352,147091,147092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":147094},[147095,147096,147098,147099,147100,147102,147110,147116,147123,147129,147130,147142],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":145352,"depth":85,"text":147097},"What sum() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":145530,"depth":85,"text":147101},"Using the start value",{"id":145632,"depth":85,"text":147103,"children":147104},"What sum() can work with",[147105,147106,147107,147109],{"id":39848,"depth":101,"text":39849},{"id":51471,"depth":101,"text":145698},{"id":145759,"depth":101,"text":147108},"Values from range()",{"id":145807,"depth":101,"text":145808},{"id":145881,"depth":85,"text":147111,"children":147112},"What sum() does not work with",[147113,147114,147115],{"id":145892,"depth":101,"text":145893},{"id":146009,"depth":101,"text":146010},{"id":146067,"depth":101,"text":146068},{"id":40927,"depth":85,"text":40928,"children":147117},[147118,147119,147120,147121],{"id":5956,"depth":101,"text":5957},{"id":146203,"depth":101,"text":146204},{"id":146351,"depth":101,"text":146352},{"id":146488,"depth":101,"text":147122},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146670,"depth":85,"text":147124,"children":147125},"sum() vs manual loop",[147126,147128],{"id":146681,"depth":101,"text":147127},"Using sum()",{"id":146735,"depth":101,"text":146736},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":147131},[147132,147134,147136,147138,147140],{"id":147000,"depth":101,"text":147133},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147008,"depth":101,"text":147135},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147023,"depth":101,"text":147137},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147032,"depth":101,"text":147139},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147044,"depth":101,"text":147141},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145265,"description":147143},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147150,"title":147151,"body":147152,"description":148554,"extension":1392,"meta":148555,"navigation":243,"path":148556,"seo":148557,"stem":148558,"__hash__":148559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147153,"toc":148522},[147154,147160,147166,147169,147232,147238,147243,147247,147264,147278,147282,147302,147316,147318,147411,147413,147427,147429,147432,147521,147523,147531,147540,147542,147546,147567,147569,147661,147663,147684,147686,147690,147704,147706,147780,147782,147801,147805,147808,147831,147833,147944,147951,147959,147961,147967,147970,148013,148016,148039,148047,148051,148126,148132,148157,148164,148167,148170,148174,148179,148267,148275,148279,148282,148307,148311,148372,148376,148425,148435,148437,148442,148445,148451,148454,148458,148462,148468,148471,148479,148487,148489,148519],[10,147155,147157,147158,18],{"id":147156},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147159,56572],{},[20,147161,147162,147165],{},[15,147163,147164],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147167,147168],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[40,147170,147172],{"className":42,"code":147171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147173,147174,147202,147220],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147175,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147177,214],{"class":55},[49,147179,60],{"class":59},[49,147181,8668],{"class":63},[49,147183,68],{"class":67},[49,147185,71],{"class":63},[49,147187,74],{"class":67},[49,147189,71],{"class":63},[49,147191,74],{"class":67},[49,147193,71],{"class":63},[49,147195,79],{"class":67},[49,147197,71],{"class":63},[49,147199,74],{"class":67},[49,147201,272],{"class":63},[49,147203,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147205,382],{"class":55},[49,147207,60],{"class":59},[49,147209,3695],{"class":55},[49,147211,91],{"class":63},[49,147213,40683],{"class":94},[49,147215,108],{"class":63},[49,147217,1488],{"class":67},[49,147219,272],{"class":63},[49,147221,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147223,105],{"class":104},[49,147225,108],{"class":63},[49,147227,420],{"class":94},[49,147229,113],{"class":63},[49,147231,50196],{"class":116},[20,147233,120,147234,147237],{},[15,147235,147236],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[35,147239,127,147241,130],{"id":147240},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147242,147164],{},[20,147244,147245,135],{},[15,147246,147236],{},[137,147248,147249,147255,147258,147261],{},[140,147250,147251,147252,147254],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147253,1904],{}," appears in the tuple",[140,147256,147257],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[140,147259,147260],{},"Returns an integer",[140,147262,147263],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147265,147266,147267,147269,147270,2310,147274,91],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147268,56572],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[308,147271,147273],{"href":147272},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[308,147275,147277],{"href":147276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[35,147279,147281],{"id":147280},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[40,147283,147285],{"className":42,"code":147284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147286,147287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147288,147289,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147290,147291],{"class":55},"my_tuple",[49,147293,91],{"class":63},[49,147295,40683],{"class":94},[49,147297,108],{"class":63},[49,147299,1904],{"class":94},[49,147301,272],{"class":63},[137,147303,147304,147308,147311],{},[140,147305,147306,56737],{},[15,147307,1904],{},[140,147309,147310],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[140,147312,147313,147314],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147315,1552],{},[528,147317,102392],{"id":102391},[40,147319,147321],{"className":42,"code":147320,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147322,147323,147363,147387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147324,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147326,12495],{"class":55},[49,147328,60],{"class":59},[49,147330,8668],{"class":63},[49,147332,347],{"class":346},[49,147334,12512],{"class":350},[49,147336,347],{"class":346},[49,147338,71],{"class":63},[49,147340,357],{"class":346},[49,147342,12529],{"class":350},[49,147344,347],{"class":346},[49,147346,71],{"class":63},[49,147348,357],{"class":346},[49,147350,12512],{"class":350},[49,147352,347],{"class":346},[49,147354,71],{"class":63},[49,147356,357],{"class":346},[49,147358,16877],{"class":350},[49,147360,347],{"class":346},[49,147362,272],{"class":63},[49,147364,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147366,105],{"class":104},[49,147368,108],{"class":63},[49,147370,16924],{"class":94},[49,147372,91],{"class":63},[49,147374,40683],{"class":94},[49,147376,108],{"class":63},[49,147378,347],{"class":346},[49,147380,12512],{"class":350},[49,147382,347],{"class":346},[49,147384,4793],{"class":63},[49,147386,56927],{"class":116},[49,147388,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147390,105],{"class":104},[49,147392,108],{"class":63},[49,147394,16924],{"class":94},[49,147396,91],{"class":63},[49,147398,40683],{"class":94},[49,147400,108],{"class":63},[49,147402,347],{"class":346},[49,147404,21946],{"class":350},[49,147406,347],{"class":346},[49,147408,4793],{"class":63},[49,147410,50672],{"class":116},[20,147412,19380],{},[137,147414,147415,147420],{},[140,147416,147417,147419],{},[15,147418,64676],{}," appears 2 times",[140,147421,147422,147424,147425],{},[15,147423,109088],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147426,1552],{},[35,147428,201],{"id":200},[20,147430,147431],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[40,147433,147435],{"className":42,"code":147434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147436,147437,147485,147489,147511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147438,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147440,35661],{"class":55},[49,147442,60],{"class":59},[49,147444,8668],{"class":63},[49,147446,347],{"class":346},[49,147448,3510],{"class":350},[49,147450,347],{"class":346},[49,147452,71],{"class":63},[49,147454,357],{"class":346},[49,147456,3519],{"class":350},[49,147458,347],{"class":346},[49,147460,71],{"class":63},[49,147462,357],{"class":346},[49,147464,3510],{"class":350},[49,147466,347],{"class":346},[49,147468,71],{"class":63},[49,147470,357],{"class":346},[49,147472,32644],{"class":350},[49,147474,347],{"class":346},[49,147476,71],{"class":63},[49,147478,357],{"class":346},[49,147480,3510],{"class":350},[49,147482,347],{"class":346},[49,147484,272],{"class":63},[49,147486,147487],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147488,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,147490,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147492,382],{"class":55},[49,147494,60],{"class":59},[49,147496,52275],{"class":55},[49,147498,91],{"class":63},[49,147500,40683],{"class":94},[49,147502,108],{"class":63},[49,147504,347],{"class":346},[49,147506,3510],{"class":350},[49,147508,347],{"class":346},[49,147510,272],{"class":63},[49,147512,147513,147515,147517,147519],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,147514,105],{"class":104},[49,147516,108],{"class":63},[49,147518,420],{"class":94},[49,147520,272],{"class":63},[20,147522,275],{},[40,147524,147525],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,147526,147527],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147528,147529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147530,46041],{"class":67},[20,147532,147533,147535,147536,320,147538,91],{},[15,147534,57115],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147537,56572],{},[15,147539,1494],{},[35,147541,37444],{"id":37443},[20,147543,56826,147544,128027],{},[15,147545,56572],{},[137,147547,147548,147553,147558,147561],{},[140,147549,10851,147550,147552],{},[15,147551,1552],{}," when the value does not exist",[140,147554,10851,147555,147557],{},[15,147556,68],{}," when the value appears once",[140,147559,147560],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[140,147562,147563,147564,147566],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147565,6431],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147568,761],{},[40,147570,147572],{"className":42,"code":147571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147573,147574,147615,147619,147646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147575,147576,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147577,147578],{"class":55},"answers ",[49,147580,60],{"class":59},[49,147582,8668],{"class":63},[49,147584,347],{"class":346},[49,147586,8088],{"class":350},[49,147588,347],{"class":346},[49,147590,71],{"class":63},[49,147592,357],{"class":346},[49,147594,8028],{"class":350},[49,147596,347],{"class":346},[49,147598,71],{"class":63},[49,147600,357],{"class":346},[49,147602,8088],{"class":350},[49,147604,347],{"class":346},[49,147606,71],{"class":63},[49,147608,357],{"class":346},[49,147610,8088],{"class":350},[49,147612,347],{"class":346},[49,147614,272],{"class":63},[49,147616,147617],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147618,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,147620,147621,147623,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147622,6431],{"class":3306},[49,147624,147625],{"class":55}," answers",[49,147627,91],{"class":63},[49,147629,40683],{"class":94},[49,147631,108],{"class":63},[49,147633,347],{"class":346},[49,147635,8088],{"class":350},[49,147637,347],{"class":346},[49,147639,113],{"class":63},[49,147641,37819],{"class":59},[49,147643,4930],{"class":67},[49,147645,5826],{"class":63},[49,147647,147648,147650,147652,147654,147657,147659],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,147649,7501],{"class":104},[49,147651,108],{"class":63},[49,147653,347],{"class":346},[49,147655,147656],{"class":350},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[49,147658,347],{"class":346},[49,147660,272],{"class":63},[20,147662,275],{},[40,147664,147666],{"className":42,"code":147665,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147667,147668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147669,147670,147673,147675,147677,147679,147682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147671,147672],{"class":55},"The answer ",[49,147674,2734],{"class":346},[49,147676,8088],{"class":350},[49,147678,2734],{"class":346},[49,147680,147681],{"class":55}," appears more than once",[49,147683,121671],{"class":63},[35,147685,40469],{"id":40468},[20,147687,34827,147688,103855],{},[15,147689,147164],{},[137,147691,147692,147695,147698,147701],{},[140,147693,147694],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[140,147696,147697],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[140,147699,147700],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[140,147702,147703],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147705,761],{},[40,147707,147709],{"className":42,"code":147708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147710,147711,147739,147743,147765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147712,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147714,4494],{"class":55},[49,147716,60],{"class":59},[49,147718,8668],{"class":63},[49,147720,221],{"class":67},[49,147722,71],{"class":63},[49,147724,226],{"class":67},[49,147726,71],{"class":63},[49,147728,5437],{"class":67},[49,147730,71],{"class":63},[49,147732,231],{"class":67},[49,147734,71],{"class":63},[49,147736,5437],{"class":67},[49,147738,272],{"class":63},[49,147740,147741],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147742,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,147744,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147746,6431],{"class":3306},[49,147748,4541],{"class":55},[49,147750,91],{"class":63},[49,147752,40683],{"class":94},[49,147754,108],{"class":63},[49,147756,221],{"class":67},[49,147758,113],{"class":63},[49,147760,50713],{"class":59},[49,147762,74],{"class":67},[49,147764,5826],{"class":63},[49,147766,147767,147769,147771,147773,147776,147778],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,147768,7501],{"class":104},[49,147770,108],{"class":63},[49,147772,347],{"class":346},[49,147774,147775],{"class":350},"The score 10 is repeated.",[49,147777,347],{"class":346},[49,147779,272],{"class":63},[20,147781,275],{},[40,147783,147785],{"className":42,"code":147784,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147786,147787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147788,147789,147792,147794,147796,147799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147790,147791],{"class":55},"The score ",[49,147793,221],{"class":67},[49,147795,7529],{"class":59},[49,147797,147798],{"class":55}," repeated",[49,147800,121671],{"class":63},[35,147802,147804],{"id":147803},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147806,147807],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[137,147809,147810,147816,147821,147824],{},[140,147811,147812,147813,147815],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147814,56572],{}," still works because it only reads data",[140,147817,147818,147820],{},[15,147819,56572],{}," counts exact matches",[140,147822,147823],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[140,147825,147826,618,147828,147830],{},[15,147827,68],{},[15,147829,41581],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147832,761],{},[40,147834,147836],{"className":42,"code":147835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147837,147838,147872,147876,147896,147920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147839,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147853,147855,147857,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147841,3252],{"class":55},[49,147843,60],{"class":59},[49,147845,8668],{"class":63},[49,147847,68],{"class":67},[49,147849,71],{"class":63},[49,147851,147852],{"class":67}," 1.0",[49,147854,71],{"class":63},[49,147856,357],{"class":346},[49,147858,147859],{"class":350},"Cat",[49,147861,347],{"class":346},[49,147863,71],{"class":63},[49,147865,357],{"class":346},[49,147867,36470],{"class":350},[49,147869,347],{"class":346},[49,147871,272],{"class":63},[49,147873,147874],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,147875,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,147877,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,147879,105],{"class":104},[49,147881,108],{"class":63},[49,147883,4790],{"class":94},[49,147885,91],{"class":63},[49,147887,40683],{"class":94},[49,147889,108],{"class":63},[49,147891,68],{"class":67},[49,147893,4793],{"class":63},[49,147895,50519],{"class":116},[49,147897,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,147899,105],{"class":104},[49,147901,108],{"class":63},[49,147903,4790],{"class":94},[49,147905,91],{"class":63},[49,147907,40683],{"class":94},[49,147909,108],{"class":63},[49,147911,347],{"class":346},[49,147913,147859],{"class":350},[49,147915,347],{"class":346},[49,147917,4793],{"class":63},[49,147919,27203],{"class":116},[49,147921,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,147923,105],{"class":104},[49,147925,108],{"class":63},[49,147927,4790],{"class":94},[49,147929,91],{"class":63},[49,147931,40683],{"class":94},[49,147933,108],{"class":63},[49,147935,347],{"class":346},[49,147937,36470],{"class":350},[49,147939,347],{"class":346},[49,147941,4793],{"class":63},[49,147943,27203],{"class":116},[20,147945,4589,147946,4592,147949,1284],{},[15,147947,147948],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147950,1488],{},[20,147952,8216,147953,4214,147956,147958],{},[15,147954,147955],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147957,3039],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[35,147960,2261],{"id":2260},[528,147962,1092,147964,147966],{"id":147963},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147965,40683],{}," without parentheses",[20,147968,147969],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[40,147971,147973],{"className":42,"code":147972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147974,147975,147999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147976,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147978,214],{"class":55},[49,147980,60],{"class":59},[49,147982,8668],{"class":63},[49,147984,68],{"class":67},[49,147986,71],{"class":63},[49,147988,74],{"class":67},[49,147990,71],{"class":63},[49,147992,74],{"class":67},[49,147994,71],{"class":63},[49,147996,79],{"class":67},[49,147998,272],{"class":63},[49,148000,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148002,105],{"class":104},[49,148004,108],{"class":63},[49,148006,249],{"class":94},[49,148008,91],{"class":63},[49,148010,40683],{"class":915},[49,148012,272],{"class":63},[20,148014,148015],{},"To call the method correctly:",[40,148017,148019],{"className":42,"code":148018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148020,148021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148022,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148024,105],{"class":104},[49,148026,108],{"class":63},[49,148028,249],{"class":94},[49,148030,91],{"class":63},[49,148032,40683],{"class":94},[49,148034,108],{"class":63},[49,148036,1488],{"class":67},[49,148038,1182],{"class":63},[528,148040,1011,148041,7886,148043,2310,148045],{"id":57875},[15,148042,56572],{},[15,148044,3039],{},[15,148046,3105],{},[20,148048,148049,57886],{},[15,148050,56572],{},[40,148052,148054],{"className":42,"code":148053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148055,148056,148088,148110,148114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148059,35513],{"class":55},[49,148061,60],{"class":59},[49,148063,8668],{"class":63},[49,148065,347],{"class":346},[49,148067,308],{"class":350},[49,148069,347],{"class":346},[49,148071,71],{"class":63},[49,148073,357],{"class":346},[49,148075,360],{"class":350},[49,148077,347],{"class":346},[49,148079,71],{"class":63},[49,148081,357],{"class":346},[49,148083,308],{"class":350},[49,148085,347],{"class":346},[49,148087,272],{"class":63},[49,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148091,382],{"class":55},[49,148093,60],{"class":59},[49,148095,69380],{"class":55},[49,148097,91],{"class":63},[49,148099,40683],{"class":94},[49,148101,108],{"class":63},[49,148103,347],{"class":346},[49,148105,308],{"class":350},[49,148107,347],{"class":346},[49,148109,272],{"class":63},[49,148111,148112],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148113,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,148115,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,148117,105],{"class":104},[49,148119,108],{"class":63},[49,148121,420],{"class":94},[49,148123,113],{"class":63},[49,148125,50840],{"class":116},[20,148127,148128,148129,148131],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148130,3313],{}," is often simpler:",[40,148133,148135],{"className":42,"code":148134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148136,148137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148140,105],{"class":104},[49,148142,108],{"class":63},[49,148144,347],{"class":346},[49,148146,308],{"class":350},[49,148148,347],{"class":346},[49,148150,20595],{"class":3306},[49,148152,69380],{"class":94},[49,148154,113],{"class":63},[49,148156,3095],{"class":116},[528,148158,36627,148160,8135,148162],{"id":148159},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148161,147164],{},[15,148163,56577],{},[20,148165,148166],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148168,148169],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[528,148171,148173],{"id":148172},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148175,148176,148178],{},[15,148177,56572],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[40,148180,148182],{"className":42,"code":148181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148183,148184,148217,148243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148185,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148187,3501],{"class":55},[49,148189,60],{"class":59},[49,148191,8668],{"class":63},[49,148193,347],{"class":346},[49,148195,3510],{"class":350},[49,148197,347],{"class":346},[49,148199,71],{"class":63},[49,148201,357],{"class":346},[49,148203,148204],{"class":350},"pineapple",[49,148206,347],{"class":346},[49,148208,71],{"class":63},[49,148210,357],{"class":346},[49,148212,3510],{"class":350},[49,148214,347],{"class":346},[49,148216,272],{"class":63},[49,148218,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148236,148238,148240],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148220,105],{"class":104},[49,148222,108],{"class":63},[49,148224,3545],{"class":94},[49,148226,91],{"class":63},[49,148228,40683],{"class":94},[49,148230,108],{"class":63},[49,148232,347],{"class":346},[49,148234,148235],{"class":350},"app",[49,148237,347],{"class":346},[49,148239,4793],{"class":63},[49,148241,148242],{"class":116},"    # 0\n",[49,148244,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148246,105],{"class":104},[49,148248,108],{"class":63},[49,148250,3545],{"class":94},[49,148252,91],{"class":63},[49,148254,40683],{"class":94},[49,148256,108],{"class":63},[49,148258,347],{"class":346},[49,148260,3510],{"class":350},[49,148262,347],{"class":346},[49,148264,4793],{"class":63},[49,148266,50840],{"class":116},[20,148268,148269,148272,148273,91],{},[15,148270,148271],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148274,1552],{},[35,148276,148278],{"id":148277},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148280,148281],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[137,148283,148284,148289,148298,148304],{},[140,148285,120,148286,148288],{},[15,148287,3313],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[140,148290,120,148291,148297],{},[308,148292,148294,148295],{"href":148293},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148296,58250],{}," to find the position of a value",[140,148299,120,148300,148303],{},[15,148301,148302],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[140,148305,148306],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148308,45464,148309,135],{},[15,148310,3313],{},[40,148312,148314],{"className":42,"code":148313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148315,148316,148336,148340,148356],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148317,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148319,214],{"class":55},[49,148321,60],{"class":59},[49,148323,8668],{"class":63},[49,148325,1936],{"class":67},[49,148327,71],{"class":63},[49,148329,5426],{"class":67},[49,148331,71],{"class":63},[49,148333,53560],{"class":67},[49,148335,272],{"class":63},[49,148337,148338],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148339,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,148341,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148343,105],{"class":104},[49,148345,108],{"class":63},[49,148347,1456],{"class":67},[49,148349,20595],{"class":3306},[49,148351,3695],{"class":94},[49,148353,113],{"class":63},[49,148355,43278],{"class":116},[49,148357,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,148359,105],{"class":104},[49,148361,108],{"class":63},[49,148363,1569],{"class":67},[49,148365,20595],{"class":3306},[49,148367,3695],{"class":94},[49,148369,113],{"class":63},[49,148371,43295],{"class":116},[20,148373,45464,148374,135],{},[15,148375,58250],{},[40,148377,148379],{"className":42,"code":148378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148380,148381,148405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148382,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148384,214],{"class":55},[49,148386,60],{"class":59},[49,148388,8668],{"class":63},[49,148390,1936],{"class":67},[49,148392,71],{"class":63},[49,148394,5426],{"class":67},[49,148396,71],{"class":63},[49,148398,53560],{"class":67},[49,148400,71],{"class":63},[49,148402,5426],{"class":67},[49,148404,272],{"class":63},[49,148406,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148408,105],{"class":104},[49,148410,108],{"class":63},[49,148412,249],{"class":94},[49,148414,91],{"class":63},[49,148416,35268],{"class":94},[49,148418,108],{"class":63},[49,148420,1456],{"class":67},[49,148422,4793],{"class":63},[49,148424,27203],{"class":116},[20,148426,148427,148429,148430,148432,148434],{},[15,148428,56572],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9278,148431],{},[15,148433,58250],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[35,148436,1253],{"id":1252},[528,148438,4573,148440,4576],{"id":148439},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148441,147164],{},[20,148443,148444],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[528,148446,1257,148448,148450],{"id":148447},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148449,147164],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148452,148453],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[528,148455,148457],{"id":148456},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148459,11335,148460,91],{},[15,148461,1552],{},[528,148463,4601,148465,148467],{"id":148464},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148466,147164],{}," count strings?",[20,148469,148470],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[528,148472,1279,148474,618,148476,1284],{"id":148473},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148475,147164],{},[15,148477,148478],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148480,148481,148483,148484,148486],{},[15,148482,56572],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148485,58250],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[35,148488,1309],{"id":1308},[137,148490,148491,148495,148500,148507,148515],{},[140,148492,148493],{},[308,148494,147273],{"href":147272},[140,148496,148497],{},[308,148498,148499],{"href":147276},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[140,148501,148502],{},[308,148503,148504,148505,736],{"href":148293},"Python tuple ",[15,148506,58250],{},[140,148508,148509],{},[308,148510,148512,148513],{"href":148511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148514,41784],{},[140,148516,148517],{},[308,148518,58238],{"href":58237},[1352,148520,148521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":148523},[148524,148526,148529,148530,148531,148532,148533,148541,148542,148553],{"id":147240,"depth":85,"text":148525},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147280,"depth":85,"text":147281,"children":148527},[148528],{"id":102391,"depth":101,"text":102392},{"id":200,"depth":85,"text":201},{"id":37443,"depth":85,"text":37444},{"id":40468,"depth":85,"text":40469},{"id":147803,"depth":85,"text":147804},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":148534},[148535,148537,148538,148540],{"id":147963,"depth":101,"text":148536},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57875,"depth":101,"text":58291},{"id":148159,"depth":101,"text":148539},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148172,"depth":101,"text":148173},{"id":148277,"depth":85,"text":148278},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":148543},[148544,148546,148548,148549,148551],{"id":148439,"depth":101,"text":148545},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148447,"depth":101,"text":148547},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148456,"depth":101,"text":148457},{"id":148464,"depth":101,"text":148550},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148473,"depth":101,"text":148552},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147151,"description":148554},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148561,"title":148562,"body":148563,"description":150250,"extension":1392,"meta":150251,"navigation":243,"path":150252,"seo":150253,"stem":150254,"__hash__":150255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148564,"toc":150213},[148565,148568,148571,148580,148582,148712,148714,148775,148781,148783,148803,148807,148810,148813,148848,148850,148871,148874,148913,148915,148940,148947,148951,148954,148991,148993,149016,149019,149022,149034,149040,149044,149047,149053,149094,149096,149119,149122,149163,149165,149192,149194,149211,149213,149230,149233,149237,149240,149242,149276,149278,149325,149329,149368,149372,149375,149432,149434,149475,149481,149487,149492,149494,149531,149533,149553,149555,149588,149590,149623,149626,149630,149663,149665,149690,149693,149695,149709,149716,149718,149721,149725,149728,149763,149766,149801,149805,149808,149847,149850,149889,149893,149895,149925,149928,149935,149937,149969,149972,150004,150007,150038,150040,150057,150061,150064,150128,150130,150134,150141,150145,150148,150152,150155,150159,150162,150167,150173,150175,150210],[10,148566,148562],{"id":148567},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148569,148570],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148572,148573,148574,2310,148578,91],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[308,148575,148577],{"href":148576},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[308,148579,147273],{"href":147272},[35,148581,1434],{"id":1433},[40,148583,148585],{"className":42,"code":148584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148586,148587,148607,148616,148630,148666,148670,148680,148690,148701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148588,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148590,214],{"class":55},[49,148592,60],{"class":59},[49,148594,8668],{"class":63},[49,148596,68],{"class":67},[49,148598,71],{"class":63},[49,148600,74],{"class":67},[49,148602,71],{"class":63},[49,148604,79],{"class":67},[49,148606,272],{"class":63},[49,148608,148609,148611,148613],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148610,124137],{"class":55},[49,148612,60],{"class":59},[49,148614,148615],{"class":63}," ()\n",[49,148617,148618,148621,148623,148625,148627],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148619,148620],{"class":55},"one_item ",[49,148622,60],{"class":59},[49,148624,8668],{"class":63},[49,148626,1569],{"class":67},[49,148628,148629],{"class":63},",)\n",[49,148631,148632,148635,148637,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,148633,148634],{"class":55},"from_list ",[49,148636,60],{"class":59},[49,148638,148639],{"class":1174}," tuple",[49,148641,2418],{"class":63},[49,148643,347],{"class":346},[49,148645,308],{"class":350},[49,148647,347],{"class":346},[49,148649,71],{"class":63},[49,148651,357],{"class":346},[49,148653,360],{"class":350},[49,148655,347],{"class":346},[49,148657,71],{"class":63},[49,148659,357],{"class":346},[49,148661,369],{"class":350},[49,148663,347],{"class":346},[49,148665,3319],{"class":63},[49,148667,148668],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,148669,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,148671,148672,148674,148676,148678],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,148673,105],{"class":104},[49,148675,108],{"class":63},[49,148677,249],{"class":94},[49,148679,272],{"class":63},[49,148681,148682,148684,148686,148688],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,148683,105],{"class":104},[49,148685,108],{"class":63},[49,148687,124188],{"class":94},[49,148689,272],{"class":63},[49,148691,148692,148694,148696,148699],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,148693,105],{"class":104},[49,148695,108],{"class":63},[49,148697,148698],{"class":94},"one_item",[49,148700,272],{"class":63},[49,148702,148703,148705,148707,148710],{"class":51,"line":5864},[49,148704,105],{"class":104},[49,148706,108],{"class":63},[49,148708,148709],{"class":94},"from_list",[49,148711,272],{"class":63},[20,148713,275],{},[40,148715,148717],{"className":42,"code":148716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148718,148719,148735,148739,148747],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148722,108],{"class":63},[49,148724,68],{"class":67},[49,148726,71],{"class":63},[49,148728,74],{"class":67},[49,148730,71],{"class":63},[49,148732,79],{"class":67},[49,148734,272],{"class":63},[49,148736,148737],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148738,98],{"class":63},[49,148740,148741,148743,148745],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148742,108],{"class":63},[49,148744,1569],{"class":67},[49,148746,148629],{"class":63},[49,148748,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,148750,108],{"class":63},[49,148752,2734],{"class":346},[49,148754,308],{"class":350},[49,148756,2734],{"class":346},[49,148758,71],{"class":63},[49,148760,2729],{"class":346},[49,148762,360],{"class":350},[49,148764,2734],{"class":346},[49,148766,71],{"class":63},[49,148768,2729],{"class":346},[49,148770,369],{"class":350},[49,148772,2734],{"class":346},[49,148774,272],{"class":63},[20,148776,148777,148778,91],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148779,148780],{},"(5,)",[35,148782,14584],{"id":14583},[137,148784,148785,148788,148791,148794,148797,148800],{},[140,148786,148787],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[140,148789,148790],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[140,148792,148793],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[140,148795,148796],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[140,148798,148799],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[140,148801,148802],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[35,148804,148806],{"id":148805},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148808,148809],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148811,148812],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[40,148814,148816],{"className":42,"code":148815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148817,148818,148838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148819,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148821,214],{"class":55},[49,148823,60],{"class":59},[49,148825,8668],{"class":63},[49,148827,68],{"class":67},[49,148829,71],{"class":63},[49,148831,74],{"class":67},[49,148833,71],{"class":63},[49,148835,79],{"class":67},[49,148837,272],{"class":63},[49,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148841,105],{"class":104},[49,148843,108],{"class":63},[49,148845,249],{"class":94},[49,148847,272],{"class":63},[20,148849,275],{},[40,148851,148853],{"className":42,"code":148852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148854,148855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148856,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148858,108],{"class":63},[49,148860,68],{"class":67},[49,148862,71],{"class":63},[49,148864,74],{"class":67},[49,148866,71],{"class":63},[49,148868,79],{"class":67},[49,148870,272],{"class":63},[20,148872,148873],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[40,148875,148877],{"className":42,"code":148876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148878,148879,148903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148880,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148882,8597],{"class":55},[49,148884,60],{"class":59},[49,148886,8668],{"class":63},[49,148888,68],{"class":67},[49,148890,71],{"class":63},[49,148892,357],{"class":346},[49,148894,3510],{"class":350},[49,148896,347],{"class":346},[49,148898,71],{"class":63},[49,148900,3346],{"class":3281},[49,148902,272],{"class":63},[49,148904,148905,148907,148909,148911],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148906,105],{"class":104},[49,148908,108],{"class":63},[49,148910,8636],{"class":94},[49,148912,272],{"class":63},[20,148914,275],{},[40,148916,148918],{"className":42,"code":148917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148919,148920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148921,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148923,108],{"class":63},[49,148925,68],{"class":67},[49,148927,71],{"class":63},[49,148929,2729],{"class":346},[49,148931,3510],{"class":350},[49,148933,2734],{"class":346},[49,148935,71],{"class":63},[49,148937,3346],{"class":3281},[49,148939,272],{"class":63},[20,148941,148942,148943,91],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[308,148944,148946],{"href":148945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[35,148948,148950],{"id":148949},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148952,148953],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[40,148955,148957],{"className":42,"code":148956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148958,148959,148967,148977],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148960,148961,148963,148965],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148962,124137],{"class":55},[49,148964,60],{"class":59},[49,148966,148615],{"class":63},[49,148968,148969,148971,148973,148975],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,148970,105],{"class":104},[49,148972,108],{"class":63},[49,148974,124188],{"class":94},[49,148976,272],{"class":63},[49,148978,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,148980,105],{"class":104},[49,148982,108],{"class":63},[49,148984,1175],{"class":1174},[49,148986,108],{"class":63},[49,148988,124188],{"class":94},[49,148990,1182],{"class":63},[20,148992,275],{},[40,148994,148996],{"className":42,"code":148995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148997,148998,149002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148999,149000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149001,98],{"class":63},[49,149003,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149005,2723],{"class":59},[49,149007,2726],{"class":1497},[49,149009,2729],{"class":346},[49,149011,48378],{"class":350},[49,149013,2734],{"class":346},[49,149015,2737],{"class":59},[20,149017,149018],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149020,149021],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[137,149023,149024,149029],{},[140,149025,149026,149027],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149028,6800],{},[140,149030,149031,149032],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149033,151],{},[20,149035,149036,149037,91],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[308,149038,149039],{"href":56435},"Python list: creating a list",[35,149041,149043],{"id":149042},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149045,149046],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149048,149049,149050,149052],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149051,329],{}," automatically a tuple:",[40,149054,149056],{"className":42,"code":149055,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149057,149058,149070,149080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149061,1878],{"class":55},[49,149063,60],{"class":59},[49,149065,8668],{"class":63},[49,149067,1569],{"class":67},[49,149069,272],{"class":63},[49,149071,149072,149074,149076,149078],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149073,105],{"class":104},[49,149075,108],{"class":63},[49,149077,1904],{"class":94},[49,149079,272],{"class":63},[49,149081,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,149083,105],{"class":104},[49,149085,108],{"class":63},[49,149087,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149089,108],{"class":63},[49,149091,1904],{"class":94},[49,149093,1182],{"class":63},[20,149095,275],{},[40,149097,149099],{"className":42,"code":149098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149100,149101,149105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149102,149103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149104,2379],{"class":67},[49,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149108,2723],{"class":59},[49,149110,2726],{"class":1497},[49,149112,2729],{"class":346},[49,149114,1621],{"class":350},[49,149116,2734],{"class":346},[49,149118,2737],{"class":59},[20,149120,149121],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[40,149123,149125],{"className":42,"code":149124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149126,149127,149139,149149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149128,149129,149131,149133,149135,149137],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149130,148620],{"class":55},[49,149132,60],{"class":59},[49,149134,8668],{"class":63},[49,149136,1569],{"class":67},[49,149138,148629],{"class":63},[49,149140,149141,149143,149145,149147],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149142,105],{"class":104},[49,149144,108],{"class":63},[49,149146,148698],{"class":94},[49,149148,272],{"class":63},[49,149150,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,149152,105],{"class":104},[49,149154,108],{"class":63},[49,149156,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149158,108],{"class":63},[49,149160,148698],{"class":94},[49,149162,1182],{"class":63},[20,149164,275],{},[40,149166,149168],{"className":42,"code":149167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149169,149170,149178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149171,149172,149174,149176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149173,108],{"class":63},[49,149175,1569],{"class":67},[49,149177,148629],{"class":63},[49,149179,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149181,2723],{"class":59},[49,149183,2726],{"class":1497},[49,149185,2729],{"class":346},[49,149187,48378],{"class":350},[49,149189,2734],{"class":346},[49,149191,2737],{"class":59},[20,149193,16078],{},[40,149195,149197],{"className":42,"code":149196,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149198,149199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149200,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149202,108],{"class":63},[49,149204,347],{"class":346},[49,149206,3510],{"class":350},[49,149208,347],{"class":346},[49,149210,148629],{"class":63},[20,149212,16066],{},[40,149214,149216],{"className":42,"code":149215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149217,149218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149221,108],{"class":63},[49,149223,347],{"class":346},[49,149225,3510],{"class":350},[49,149227,347],{"class":346},[49,149229,272],{"class":63},[20,149231,149232],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[35,149234,149236],{"id":149235},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149238,149239],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[528,149241,55743],{"id":249},[40,149243,149244],{"className":42,"code":148815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149245,149246,149266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149247,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149249,214],{"class":55},[49,149251,60],{"class":59},[49,149253,8668],{"class":63},[49,149255,68],{"class":67},[49,149257,71],{"class":63},[49,149259,74],{"class":67},[49,149261,71],{"class":63},[49,149263,79],{"class":67},[49,149265,272],{"class":63},[49,149267,149268,149270,149272,149274],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149269,105],{"class":104},[49,149271,108],{"class":63},[49,149273,249],{"class":94},[49,149275,272],{"class":63},[528,149277,55746],{"id":4740},[40,149279,149281],{"className":42,"code":149280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149282,149283,149315],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149284,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149286,12495],{"class":55},[49,149288,60],{"class":59},[49,149290,8668],{"class":63},[49,149292,347],{"class":346},[49,149294,12512],{"class":350},[49,149296,347],{"class":346},[49,149298,71],{"class":63},[49,149300,357],{"class":346},[49,149302,16877],{"class":350},[49,149304,347],{"class":346},[49,149306,71],{"class":63},[49,149308,357],{"class":346},[49,149310,12529],{"class":350},[49,149312,347],{"class":346},[49,149314,272],{"class":63},[49,149316,149317,149319,149321,149323],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149318,105],{"class":104},[49,149320,108],{"class":63},[49,149322,16924],{"class":94},[49,149324,272],{"class":63},[528,149326,149328],{"id":149327},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[40,149330,149332],{"className":42,"code":149331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149333,149334,149358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149335,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149337,58755],{"class":55},[49,149339,60],{"class":59},[49,149341,8668],{"class":63},[49,149343,68],{"class":67},[49,149345,71],{"class":63},[49,149347,357],{"class":346},[49,149349,3510],{"class":350},[49,149351,347],{"class":346},[49,149353,71],{"class":63},[49,149355,3346],{"class":3281},[49,149357,272],{"class":63},[49,149359,149360,149362,149364,149366],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149361,105],{"class":104},[49,149363,108],{"class":63},[49,149365,58808],{"class":94},[49,149367,272],{"class":63},[528,149369,149371],{"id":149370},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149373,149374],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[40,149376,149378],{"className":42,"code":149377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149379,149380,149421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149381,149382,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149383,149384],{"class":55},"nested ",[49,149386,60],{"class":59},[49,149388,8668],{"class":63},[49,149390,68],{"class":67},[49,149392,71],{"class":63},[49,149394,8668],{"class":63},[49,149396,347],{"class":346},[49,149398,308],{"class":350},[49,149400,347],{"class":346},[49,149402,71],{"class":63},[49,149404,357],{"class":346},[49,149406,360],{"class":350},[49,149408,347],{"class":346},[49,149410,8665],{"class":63},[49,149412,64],{"class":63},[49,149414,221],{"class":67},[49,149416,71],{"class":63},[49,149418,226],{"class":67},[49,149420,3319],{"class":63},[49,149422,149423,149425,149427,149430],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149424,105],{"class":104},[49,149426,108],{"class":63},[49,149428,149429],{"class":94},"nested",[49,149431,272],{"class":63},[20,149433,275],{},[40,149435,149437],{"className":42,"code":149436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149438,149439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149442,108],{"class":63},[49,149444,68],{"class":67},[49,149446,71],{"class":63},[49,149448,8668],{"class":63},[49,149450,2734],{"class":346},[49,149452,308],{"class":350},[49,149454,2734],{"class":346},[49,149456,71],{"class":63},[49,149458,2729],{"class":346},[49,149460,360],{"class":350},[49,149462,2734],{"class":346},[49,149464,8665],{"class":63},[49,149466,64],{"class":63},[49,149468,221],{"class":67},[49,149470,71],{"class":63},[49,149472,226],{"class":67},[49,149474,3319],{"class":63},[35,149476,149478,149479],{"id":149477},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149480,37470],{},[20,149482,149483,149484,149486],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149485,37470],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149488,149489,149490,91],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[308,149491,62501],{"href":62500},[528,149493,104532],{"id":104531},[40,149495,149497],{"className":42,"code":149496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149498,149499,149521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149500,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149502,214],{"class":55},[49,149504,60],{"class":59},[49,149506,148639],{"class":1174},[49,149508,2418],{"class":63},[49,149510,68],{"class":67},[49,149512,71],{"class":63},[49,149514,74],{"class":67},[49,149516,71],{"class":63},[49,149518,79],{"class":67},[49,149520,3319],{"class":63},[49,149522,149523,149525,149527,149529],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149524,105],{"class":104},[49,149526,108],{"class":63},[49,149528,249],{"class":94},[49,149530,272],{"class":63},[20,149532,275],{},[40,149534,149535],{"className":42,"code":148852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149536,149537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149540,108],{"class":63},[49,149542,68],{"class":67},[49,149544,71],{"class":63},[49,149546,74],{"class":67},[49,149548,71],{"class":63},[49,149550,79],{"class":67},[49,149552,272],{"class":63},[528,149554,104718],{"id":104717},[40,149556,149558],{"className":42,"code":149557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149559,149560,149578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149561,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149563,35513],{"class":55},[49,149565,60],{"class":59},[49,149567,148639],{"class":1174},[49,149569,108],{"class":63},[49,149571,347],{"class":346},[49,149573,40984],{"class":350},[49,149575,347],{"class":346},[49,149577,272],{"class":63},[49,149579,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149581,105],{"class":104},[49,149583,108],{"class":63},[49,149585,35566],{"class":94},[49,149587,272],{"class":63},[20,149589,275],{},[40,149591,149593],{"className":42,"code":149592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149594,149595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149596,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149598,108],{"class":63},[49,149600,2734],{"class":346},[49,149602,308],{"class":350},[49,149604,2734],{"class":346},[49,149606,71],{"class":63},[49,149608,2729],{"class":346},[49,149610,360],{"class":350},[49,149612,2734],{"class":346},[49,149614,71],{"class":63},[49,149616,2729],{"class":346},[49,149618,369],{"class":350},[49,149620,2734],{"class":346},[49,149622,272],{"class":63},[20,149624,149625],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[528,149627,149629],{"id":149628},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[40,149631,149633],{"className":42,"code":149632,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149634,149635,149653],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149638,3252],{"class":55},[49,149640,60],{"class":59},[49,149642,148639],{"class":1174},[49,149644,108],{"class":63},[49,149646,59281],{"class":104},[49,149648,108],{"class":63},[49,149650,1936],{"class":67},[49,149652,1182],{"class":63},[49,149654,149655,149657,149659,149661],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149656,105],{"class":104},[49,149658,108],{"class":63},[49,149660,4790],{"class":94},[49,149662,272],{"class":63},[20,149664,275],{},[40,149666,149668],{"className":42,"code":149667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149669,149670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149671,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149673,108],{"class":63},[49,149675,1552],{"class":67},[49,149677,71],{"class":63},[49,149679,4930],{"class":67},[49,149681,71],{"class":63},[49,149683,74],{"class":67},[49,149685,71],{"class":63},[49,149687,79],{"class":67},[49,149689,272],{"class":63},[20,149691,149692],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[35,149694,20223],{"id":20222},[137,149696,149697,149700,149703,149706],{},[140,149698,149699],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[140,149701,149702],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[140,149704,149705],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[140,149707,149708],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149710,149711,149712,91],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[308,149713,149715],{"href":149714},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[35,149717,2261],{"id":2260},[20,149719,149720],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[528,149722,149724],{"id":149723},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149726,149727],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[40,149729,149731],{"className":42,"code":149730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149732,149733,149749],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149736,27961],{"class":55},[49,149738,60],{"class":59},[49,149740,8668],{"class":63},[49,149742,347],{"class":346},[49,149744,3510],{"class":350},[49,149746,347],{"class":346},[49,149748,272],{"class":63},[49,149750,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149752,105],{"class":104},[49,149754,108],{"class":63},[49,149756,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149758,108],{"class":63},[49,149760,22733],{"class":94},[49,149762,1182],{"class":63},[20,149764,149765],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[40,149767,149769],{"className":42,"code":149768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149770,149771,149787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149772,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149774,27961],{"class":55},[49,149776,60],{"class":59},[49,149778,8668],{"class":63},[49,149780,347],{"class":346},[49,149782,3510],{"class":350},[49,149784,347],{"class":346},[49,149786,148629],{"class":63},[49,149788,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149790,105],{"class":104},[49,149792,108],{"class":63},[49,149794,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149796,108],{"class":63},[49,149798,22733],{"class":94},[49,149800,1182],{"class":63},[528,149802,149804],{"id":149803},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149806,149807],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[40,149809,149811],{"className":42,"code":149810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149812,149813,149833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149816,3252],{"class":55},[49,149818,60],{"class":59},[49,149820,64],{"class":63},[49,149822,68],{"class":67},[49,149824,71],{"class":63},[49,149826,74],{"class":67},[49,149828,71],{"class":63},[49,149830,79],{"class":67},[49,149832,82],{"class":63},[49,149834,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149836,105],{"class":104},[49,149838,108],{"class":63},[49,149840,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149842,108],{"class":63},[49,149844,4790],{"class":94},[49,149846,1182],{"class":63},[20,149848,149849],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[40,149851,149853],{"className":42,"code":149852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149854,149855,149875],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149856,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149858,3252],{"class":55},[49,149860,60],{"class":59},[49,149862,8668],{"class":63},[49,149864,68],{"class":67},[49,149866,71],{"class":63},[49,149868,74],{"class":67},[49,149870,71],{"class":63},[49,149872,79],{"class":67},[49,149874,272],{"class":63},[49,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149878,105],{"class":104},[49,149880,108],{"class":63},[49,149882,1175],{"class":1174},[49,149884,108],{"class":63},[49,149886,4790],{"class":94},[49,149888,1182],{"class":63},[528,149890,149892],{"id":149891},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149894,149705],{},[40,149896,149898],{"className":42,"code":149897,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149899,149900,149920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149901,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149903,214],{"class":55},[49,149905,60],{"class":59},[49,149907,8668],{"class":63},[49,149909,68],{"class":67},[49,149911,71],{"class":63},[49,149913,74],{"class":67},[49,149915,71],{"class":63},[49,149917,79],{"class":67},[49,149919,272],{"class":63},[49,149921,149922],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149923,149924],{"class":116},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149926,149927],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[528,149929,36627,149931,149934],{"id":149930},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149932,149933],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149936,63927],{},[40,149938,149939],{"className":42,"code":149557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149940,149941,149959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149944,35513],{"class":55},[49,149946,60],{"class":59},[49,149948,148639],{"class":1174},[49,149950,108],{"class":63},[49,149952,347],{"class":346},[49,149954,40984],{"class":350},[49,149956,347],{"class":346},[49,149958,272],{"class":63},[49,149960,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,149962,105],{"class":104},[49,149964,108],{"class":63},[49,149966,35566],{"class":94},[49,149968,272],{"class":63},[20,149970,149971],{},"gives:",[40,149973,149974],{"className":42,"code":149592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149975,149976],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149977,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149979,108],{"class":63},[49,149981,2734],{"class":346},[49,149983,308],{"class":350},[49,149985,2734],{"class":346},[49,149987,71],{"class":63},[49,149989,2729],{"class":346},[49,149991,360],{"class":350},[49,149993,2734],{"class":346},[49,149995,71],{"class":63},[49,149997,2729],{"class":346},[49,149999,369],{"class":350},[49,150001,2734],{"class":346},[49,150003,272],{"class":63},[20,150005,150006],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[40,150008,150010],{"className":42,"code":150009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150011,150012,150028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150015,5587],{"class":55},[49,150017,60],{"class":59},[49,150019,8668],{"class":63},[49,150021,347],{"class":346},[49,150023,40984],{"class":350},[49,150025,347],{"class":346},[49,150027,148629],{"class":63},[49,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150031,105],{"class":104},[49,150033,108],{"class":63},[49,150035,37814],{"class":94},[49,150037,272],{"class":63},[20,150039,275],{},[40,150041,150043],{"className":42,"code":150042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('abc',)\n",[15,150044,150045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150048,108],{"class":63},[49,150050,2734],{"class":346},[49,150052,40984],{"class":350},[49,150054,2734],{"class":346},[49,150056,148629],{"class":63},[528,150058,150060],{"id":150059},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150062,150063],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[40,150065,150067],{"className":42,"code":150066,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150068,150069,150086,150090,150100,150114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150070,150071,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150072,150073],{"class":55},"my_tuple ",[49,150075,60],{"class":59},[49,150077,8668],{"class":63},[49,150079,347],{"class":346},[49,150081,3510],{"class":350},[49,150083,347],{"class":346},[49,150085,148629],{"class":63},[49,150087,150088],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150089,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150091,150092,150094,150096,150098],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150093,105],{"class":104},[49,150095,108],{"class":63},[49,150097,147291],{"class":94},[49,150099,272],{"class":63},[49,150101,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150103,105],{"class":104},[49,150105,108],{"class":63},[49,150107,1175],{"class":1174},[49,150109,108],{"class":63},[49,150111,147291],{"class":94},[49,150113,1182],{"class":63},[49,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,150117,105],{"class":104},[49,150119,108],{"class":63},[49,150121,10592],{"class":104},[49,150123,108],{"class":63},[49,150125,147291],{"class":94},[49,150127,1182],{"class":63},[35,150129,1253],{"id":1252},[528,150131,150133],{"id":150132},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150135,150136,150137,150140],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150138,150139],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[528,150142,150144],{"id":150143},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150146,150147],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[528,150149,150151],{"id":150150},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150153,150154],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[528,150156,150158],{"id":150157},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150160,150161],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[528,150163,4573,150165,12137],{"id":150164},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150166,149933],{},[20,150168,4579,150169,150172],{},[15,150170,150171],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[35,150174,1309],{"id":1308},[137,150176,150177,150181,150185,150191,150196,150201,150205],{},[140,150178,150179],{},[308,150180,147273],{"href":147272},[140,150182,150183],{},[308,150184,148946],{"href":148945},[140,150186,150187],{},[308,150188,150190],{"href":150189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[140,150192,150193],{},[308,150194,150195],{"href":148511},"Python tuple length with len()",[140,150197,150198],{},[308,150199,150200],{"href":148576},"What is a tuple in Python?",[140,150202,150203],{},[308,150204,62501],{"href":62500},[140,150206,150207],{},[308,150208,150209],{"href":149714},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1352,150211,150212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":150214},[150215,150216,150217,150218,150219,150220,150226,150232,150233,150241,150249],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":148805,"depth":85,"text":148806},{"id":148949,"depth":85,"text":148950},{"id":149042,"depth":85,"text":149043},{"id":149235,"depth":85,"text":149236,"children":150221},[150222,150223,150224,150225],{"id":249,"depth":101,"text":55743},{"id":4740,"depth":101,"text":55746},{"id":149327,"depth":101,"text":149328},{"id":149370,"depth":101,"text":149371},{"id":149477,"depth":85,"text":150227,"children":150228},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150229,150230,150231],{"id":104531,"depth":101,"text":104532},{"id":104717,"depth":101,"text":104718},{"id":149628,"depth":101,"text":149629},{"id":20222,"depth":85,"text":20223},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":150234},[150235,150236,150237,150238,150240],{"id":149723,"depth":101,"text":149724},{"id":149803,"depth":101,"text":149804},{"id":149891,"depth":101,"text":149892},{"id":149930,"depth":101,"text":150239},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150059,"depth":101,"text":150060},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":150242},[150243,150244,150245,150246,150247],{"id":150132,"depth":101,"text":150133},{"id":150143,"depth":101,"text":150144},{"id":150150,"depth":101,"text":150151},{"id":150157,"depth":101,"text":150158},{"id":150164,"depth":101,"text":150248},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148562,"description":150250},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150257,"title":150258,"body":150259,"description":151804,"extension":1392,"meta":151805,"navigation":243,"path":151806,"seo":151807,"stem":151808,"__hash__":151809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150260,"toc":151774},[150261,150264,150269,150271,150284,150290,150292,150359,150361,150396,150401,150405,150409,150411,150422,150430,150432,150434,150455,150457,150477,150480,150482,150487,150530,150532,150554,150557,150570,150574,150578,150581,150634,150636,150657,150662,150666,150669,150714,150716,150749,150761,150765,150773,150810,150812,150841,150845,150848,150901,150903,150923,150930,150934,150939,151008,151010,151035,151039,151042,151048,151125,151127,151186,151188,151200,151205,151209,151213,151227,151229,151264,151266,151283,151286,151299,151303,151307,151318,151323,151338,151341,151344,151346,151349,151353,151355,151369,151371,151395,151400,151404,151407,151426,151429,151478,151483,151500,151503,151536,151540,151542,151593,151596,151621,151624,151647,151651,151657,151659,151694,151697,151702,151704,151708,151711,151715,151720,151724,151727,151731,151734,151738,151743,151745,151771],[10,150262,150258],{"id":150263},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150265,8554,150266,150268],{},[15,150267,37470],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150270,81873],{},[137,150272,150273,150278],{},[140,150274,150275,150277],{},[15,150276,37470],{}," creates an empty tuple",[140,150279,150280,150283],{},[15,150281,150282],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150285,150286,150287,150289],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150288,37470],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[35,150291,1434],{"id":1433},[40,150293,150295],{"className":42,"code":150294,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150296,150297,150317,150331,150335,150345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150298,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150300,214],{"class":55},[49,150302,60],{"class":59},[49,150304,64],{"class":63},[49,150306,68],{"class":67},[49,150308,71],{"class":63},[49,150310,74],{"class":67},[49,150312,71],{"class":63},[49,150314,79],{"class":67},[49,150316,82],{"class":63},[49,150318,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150320,382],{"class":55},[49,150322,60],{"class":59},[49,150324,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150326,108],{"class":63},[49,150328,249],{"class":94},[49,150330,272],{"class":63},[49,150332,150333],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150334,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150338,105],{"class":104},[49,150340,108],{"class":63},[49,150342,420],{"class":94},[49,150344,272],{"class":63},[49,150346,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,150348,105],{"class":104},[49,150350,108],{"class":63},[49,150352,1175],{"class":1174},[49,150354,108],{"class":63},[49,150356,420],{"class":94},[49,150358,1182],{"class":63},[20,150360,275],{},[40,150362,150364],{"className":42,"code":150363,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150365,150366,150382],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150367,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150369,108],{"class":63},[49,150371,68],{"class":67},[49,150373,71],{"class":63},[49,150375,74],{"class":67},[49,150377,71],{"class":63},[49,150379,79],{"class":67},[49,150381,272],{"class":63},[49,150383,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150385,2723],{"class":59},[49,150387,2726],{"class":1497},[49,150389,2729],{"class":346},[49,150391,48378],{"class":350},[49,150393,2734],{"class":346},[49,150395,2737],{"class":59},[20,150397,120,150398,150400],{},[15,150399,150282],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[35,150402,150404],{"id":150403},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150406,150407,62209],{},[15,150408,37470],{},[20,150410,48352],{},[137,150412,150413,150416,150419],{},[140,150414,150415],{},"creates a tuple object",[140,150417,150418],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[140,150420,150421],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150423,150424,150425,150427,150428,91],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[308,150426,148577],{"href":148576}," or the full guide to ",[308,150429,147273],{"href":147272},[35,150431,164],{"id":163},[20,150433,25910],{},[40,150435,150437],{"className":42,"code":150436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150438,150439,150445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150440,150441,150443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150442,48378],{"class":1174},[49,150444,98],{"class":63},[49,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150448,48378],{"class":1174},[49,150450,108],{"class":63},[49,150452,3151],{"class":94},[49,150454,272],{"class":63},[20,150456,186],{},[137,150458,150459,150462],{},[140,150460,150461],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[140,150463,150464,150465],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[137,150466,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{},[140,150468,4731],{},[140,150470,4740],{},[140,150472,62280],{},[140,150474,4737],{},[140,150476,6685],{},[20,150478,150479],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[35,150481,148950],{"id":148949},[20,150483,29073,150484,150486],{},[15,150485,37470],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[40,150488,150490],{"className":42,"code":150489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150491,150492,150502,150506,150516],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150495,124137],{"class":55},[49,150497,60],{"class":59},[49,150499,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150501,98],{"class":63},[49,150503,150504],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150505,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150507,150508,150510,150512,150514],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150509,105],{"class":104},[49,150511,108],{"class":63},[49,150513,124188],{"class":94},[49,150515,272],{"class":63},[49,150517,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150519,105],{"class":104},[49,150521,108],{"class":63},[49,150523,1175],{"class":1174},[49,150525,108],{"class":63},[49,150527,124188],{"class":94},[49,150529,1182],{"class":63},[20,150531,275],{},[40,150533,150534],{"className":42,"code":148995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150535,150536,150540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150537,150538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150539,98],{"class":63},[49,150541,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150543,2723],{"class":59},[49,150545,2726],{"class":1497},[49,150547,2729],{"class":346},[49,150549,48378],{"class":350},[49,150551,2734],{"class":346},[49,150553,2737],{"class":59},[20,150555,150556],{},"This is equivalent to:",[40,150558,150560],{"className":42,"code":150559,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\n",[15,150561,150562],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150563,150564,150566,150568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150565,124137],{"class":55},[49,150567,60],{"class":59},[49,150569,148615],{"class":63},[35,150571,150573],{"id":150572},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[528,150575,150577],{"id":150576},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150579,150580],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[40,150582,150584],{"className":42,"code":150583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150585,150586,150606,150620,150624],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150587,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150589,214],{"class":55},[49,150591,60],{"class":59},[49,150593,64],{"class":63},[49,150595,221],{"class":67},[49,150597,71],{"class":63},[49,150599,226],{"class":67},[49,150601,71],{"class":63},[49,150603,231],{"class":67},[49,150605,82],{"class":63},[49,150607,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150609,382],{"class":55},[49,150611,60],{"class":59},[49,150613,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150615,108],{"class":63},[49,150617,249],{"class":94},[49,150619,272],{"class":63},[49,150621,150622],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150623,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150625,150626,150628,150630,150632],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150627,105],{"class":104},[49,150629,108],{"class":63},[49,150631,420],{"class":94},[49,150633,272],{"class":63},[20,150635,275],{},[40,150637,150639],{"className":42,"code":150638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150640,150641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150642,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150644,108],{"class":63},[49,150646,221],{"class":67},[49,150648,71],{"class":63},[49,150650,226],{"class":67},[49,150652,71],{"class":63},[49,150654,231],{"class":67},[49,150656,272],{"class":63},[20,150658,150659,150660,91],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[308,150661,104337],{"href":59338},[528,150663,150665],{"id":150664},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150667,150668],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[40,150670,150672],{"className":42,"code":150671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150673,150674,150686,150700,150704],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150677,1114],{"class":55},[49,150679,60],{"class":59},[49,150681,357],{"class":346},[49,150683,36470],{"class":350},[49,150685,1124],{"class":346},[49,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150689,382],{"class":55},[49,150691,60],{"class":59},[49,150693,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150695,108],{"class":63},[49,150697,1129],{"class":94},[49,150699,272],{"class":63},[49,150701,150702],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150703,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150705,150706,150708,150710,150712],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150707,105],{"class":104},[49,150709,108],{"class":63},[49,150711,420],{"class":94},[49,150713,272],{"class":63},[20,150715,275],{},[40,150717,150719],{"className":42,"code":150718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150720,150721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150722,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150724,108],{"class":63},[49,150726,2734],{"class":346},[49,150728,369],{"class":350},[49,150730,2734],{"class":346},[49,150732,71],{"class":63},[49,150734,2729],{"class":346},[49,150736,308],{"class":350},[49,150738,2734],{"class":346},[49,150740,71],{"class":63},[49,150742,2729],{"class":346},[49,150744,62570],{"class":350},[49,150746,2734],{"class":346},[49,150748,272],{"class":63},[20,150750,150751,150752,13474,150755,150757,150758,91],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150753,150754],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150756,329],{}," create ",[15,150759,150760],{},"('cat',)",[528,150762,150764],{"id":150763},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150766,150767,150769,150770,150772],{},[15,150768,35620],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150771,37470],{}," collects them all.",[40,150774,150776],{"className":42,"code":150775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150777,150778,150796,150800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150779,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150781,382],{"class":55},[49,150783,60],{"class":59},[49,150785,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150787,108],{"class":63},[49,150789,59281],{"class":104},[49,150791,108],{"class":63},[49,150793,1569],{"class":67},[49,150795,1182],{"class":63},[49,150797,150798],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150799,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150801,150802,150804,150806,150808],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150803,105],{"class":104},[49,150805,108],{"class":63},[49,150807,420],{"class":94},[49,150809,272],{"class":63},[20,150811,275],{},[40,150813,150815],{"className":42,"code":150814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150816,150817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150820,108],{"class":63},[49,150822,1552],{"class":67},[49,150824,71],{"class":63},[49,150826,4930],{"class":67},[49,150828,71],{"class":63},[49,150830,74],{"class":67},[49,150832,71],{"class":63},[49,150834,79],{"class":67},[49,150836,71],{"class":63},[49,150838,1888],{"class":67},[49,150840,272],{"class":63},[528,150842,150844],{"id":150843},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150846,150847],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[40,150849,150851],{"className":42,"code":150850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150852,150853,150873,150887,150891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150854,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150856,3252],{"class":55},[49,150858,60],{"class":59},[49,150860,9923],{"class":63},[49,150862,68],{"class":67},[49,150864,71],{"class":63},[49,150866,74],{"class":67},[49,150868,71],{"class":63},[49,150870,79],{"class":67},[49,150872,8741],{"class":63},[49,150874,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150876,382],{"class":55},[49,150878,60],{"class":59},[49,150880,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150882,108],{"class":63},[49,150884,4790],{"class":94},[49,150886,272],{"class":63},[49,150888,150889],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150890,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150892,150893,150895,150897,150899],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,150894,105],{"class":104},[49,150896,108],{"class":63},[49,150898,420],{"class":94},[49,150900,272],{"class":63},[20,150902,275],{},[40,150904,150905],{"className":42,"code":148852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150906,150907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150908,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150910,108],{"class":63},[49,150912,68],{"class":67},[49,150914,71],{"class":63},[49,150916,74],{"class":67},[49,150918,71],{"class":63},[49,150920,79],{"class":67},[49,150922,272],{"class":63},[20,150924,150925,150926,91],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[308,150927,150929],{"href":150928},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[528,150931,150933],{"id":150932},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150935,62823,150936,150938],{},[15,150937,37470],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[40,150940,150942],{"className":42,"code":150941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150943,150944,150980,150994,150998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150945,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150947,12624],{"class":55},[49,150949,60],{"class":59},[49,150951,9923],{"class":63},[49,150953,347],{"class":346},[49,150955,7103],{"class":350},[49,150957,347],{"class":346},[49,150959,135],{"class":63},[49,150961,357],{"class":346},[49,150963,12299],{"class":350},[49,150965,347],{"class":346},[49,150967,71],{"class":63},[49,150969,357],{"class":346},[49,150971,8731],{"class":350},[49,150973,347],{"class":346},[49,150975,135],{"class":63},[49,150977,8738],{"class":67},[49,150979,8741],{"class":63},[49,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,150983,382],{"class":55},[49,150985,60],{"class":59},[49,150987,148639],{"class":1174},[49,150989,108],{"class":63},[49,150991,16730],{"class":94},[49,150993,272],{"class":63},[49,150995,150996],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,150997,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,151001,105],{"class":104},[49,151003,108],{"class":63},[49,151005,420],{"class":94},[49,151007,272],{"class":63},[20,151009,29453],{},[40,151011,151013],{"className":42,"code":151012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151014,151015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151018,108],{"class":63},[49,151020,2734],{"class":346},[49,151022,7103],{"class":350},[49,151024,2734],{"class":346},[49,151026,71],{"class":63},[49,151028,2729],{"class":346},[49,151030,8731],{"class":350},[49,151032,2734],{"class":346},[49,151034,272],{"class":63},[35,151036,151038],{"id":151037},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151040,151041],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151043,151044,151047],{},[15,151045,151046],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[40,151049,151051],{"className":42,"code":151050,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151052,151053,151089,151093,151107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151054,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151056,12624],{"class":55},[49,151058,60],{"class":59},[49,151060,9923],{"class":63},[49,151062,347],{"class":346},[49,151064,7103],{"class":350},[49,151066,347],{"class":346},[49,151068,135],{"class":63},[49,151070,357],{"class":346},[49,151072,12299],{"class":350},[49,151074,347],{"class":346},[49,151076,71],{"class":63},[49,151078,357],{"class":346},[49,151080,8731],{"class":350},[49,151082,347],{"class":346},[49,151084,135],{"class":63},[49,151086,8738],{"class":67},[49,151088,8741],{"class":63},[49,151090,151091],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151092,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,151096,105],{"class":104},[49,151098,108],{"class":63},[49,151100,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151102,108],{"class":63},[49,151104,16730],{"class":94},[49,151106,1182],{"class":63},[49,151108,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,151110,105],{"class":104},[49,151112,108],{"class":63},[49,151114,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151116,108],{"class":63},[49,151118,16730],{"class":94},[49,151120,91],{"class":63},[49,151122,88],{"class":94},[49,151124,5723],{"class":63},[20,151126,275],{},[40,151128,151130],{"className":42,"code":151129,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151131,151132,151152],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151133,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151135,108],{"class":63},[49,151137,2734],{"class":346},[49,151139,7103],{"class":350},[49,151141,2734],{"class":346},[49,151143,71],{"class":63},[49,151145,2729],{"class":346},[49,151147,8731],{"class":350},[49,151149,2734],{"class":346},[49,151151,272],{"class":63},[49,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151155,4943],{"class":63},[49,151157,2734],{"class":346},[49,151159,7103],{"class":350},[49,151161,2734],{"class":346},[49,151163,71],{"class":63},[49,151165,2729],{"class":346},[49,151167,12299],{"class":350},[49,151169,2734],{"class":346},[49,151171,8665],{"class":63},[49,151173,8668],{"class":63},[49,151175,2734],{"class":346},[49,151177,8731],{"class":350},[49,151179,2734],{"class":346},[49,151181,71],{"class":63},[49,151183,8738],{"class":67},[49,151185,1182],{"class":63},[20,151187,18117],{},[137,151189,151190,151195],{},[140,151191,151192,151194],{},[15,151193,151046],{}," for keys",[140,151196,151197,31980],{},[15,151198,151199],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151201,151202,151203,91],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[308,151204,62833],{"href":62832},[35,151206,151208],{"id":151207},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151210,151211,17741],{},[15,151212,37470],{},[137,151214,151215,151218,151221,151224],{},[140,151216,151217],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[140,151219,151220],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[140,151222,151223],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[140,151225,151226],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151228,761],{},[40,151230,151232],{"className":42,"code":151231,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151233,151234,151253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151235,151236,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151237,151238],{"class":55},"coordinates ",[49,151240,60],{"class":59},[49,151242,148639],{"class":1174},[49,151244,2418],{"class":63},[49,151246,1936],{"class":67},[49,151248,71],{"class":63},[49,151250,5426],{"class":67},[49,151252,3319],{"class":63},[49,151254,151255,151257,151259,151262],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151256,105],{"class":104},[49,151258,108],{"class":63},[49,151260,151261],{"class":94},"coordinates",[49,151263,272],{"class":63},[20,151265,275],{},[40,151267,151269],{"className":42,"code":151268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151270,151271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151272,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151274,108],{"class":63},[49,151276,1936],{"class":67},[49,151278,71],{"class":63},[49,151280,5426],{"class":67},[49,151282,272],{"class":63},[20,151284,151285],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[137,151287,151288,151290,151293,151296],{},[140,151289,151261],{},[140,151291,151292],{},"RGB colors",[140,151294,151295],{},"dates",[140,151297,151298],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[35,151300,151302],{"id":151301},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151304,43852,151305,10033],{},[15,151306,37470],{},[137,151308,151309,151312,151315],{},[140,151310,151311],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[140,151313,151314],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[140,151316,151317],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151319,115764,151320,151322],{},[30,151321,329],{}," work:",[40,151324,151326],{"className":42,"code":151325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151327,151328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151329,151330,151332,151334,151336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151331,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151333,108],{"class":63},[49,151335,1569],{"class":67},[49,151337,272],{"class":63},[20,151339,151340],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151342,151343],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[35,151345,114602],{"id":114601},[20,151347,151348],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[528,151350,151352],{"id":151351},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151354,2268],{},[40,151356,151357],{"className":42,"code":151325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151358,151359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151360,151361,151363,151365,151367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151362,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151364,108],{"class":63},[49,151366,1569],{"class":67},[49,151368,272],{"class":63},[20,151370,29104],{},[40,151372,151373],{"className":42,"code":62937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151374,151375],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151378,2437],{"class":1174},[49,151380,135],{"class":63},[49,151382,2729],{"class":346},[49,151384,1621],{"class":350},[49,151386,2734],{"class":346},[49,151388,24040],{"class":1174},[49,151390,7529],{"class":59},[49,151392,7532],{"class":59},[49,151394,62960],{"class":55},[20,151396,151397,151398,91],{},"If you see this, read ",[308,151399,61574],{"href":52025},[528,151401,151403],{"id":151402},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151405,151406],{},"This code:",[40,151408,151410],{"className":42,"code":151409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151411,151412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151413,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151415,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151417,108],{"class":63},[49,151419,347],{"class":346},[49,151421,1121],{"class":350},[49,151423,347],{"class":346},[49,151425,272],{"class":63},[20,151427,151428],{},"returns:",[40,151430,151432],{"className":42,"code":151431,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151433,151434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151435,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151437,108],{"class":63},[49,151439,2734],{"class":346},[49,151441,59721],{"class":350},[49,151443,2734],{"class":346},[49,151445,71],{"class":63},[49,151447,2729],{"class":346},[49,151449,59730],{"class":350},[49,151451,2734],{"class":346},[49,151453,71],{"class":63},[49,151455,2729],{"class":346},[49,151457,59739],{"class":350},[49,151459,2734],{"class":346},[49,151461,71],{"class":63},[49,151463,2729],{"class":346},[49,151465,59739],{"class":350},[49,151467,2734],{"class":346},[49,151469,71],{"class":63},[49,151471,2729],{"class":346},[49,151473,59756],{"class":350},[49,151475,2734],{"class":346},[49,151477,272],{"class":63},[20,151479,326,151480,151482],{},[30,151481,329],{}," return:",[40,151484,151486],{"className":42,"code":151485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('hello',)\n",[15,151487,151488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151489,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151491,108],{"class":63},[49,151493,2734],{"class":346},[49,151495,1121],{"class":350},[49,151497,2734],{"class":346},[49,151499,148629],{"class":63},[20,151501,151502],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[40,151504,151506],{"className":42,"code":151505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151507,151508,151525],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151509,151510,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151511,151512],{"class":55},"single ",[49,151514,60],{"class":59},[49,151516,8668],{"class":63},[49,151518,347],{"class":346},[49,151520,1121],{"class":350},[49,151522,347],{"class":346},[49,151524,148629],{"class":63},[49,151526,151527,151529,151531,151534],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151528,105],{"class":104},[49,151530,108],{"class":63},[49,151532,151533],{"class":94},"single",[49,151535,272],{"class":63},[528,151537,151539],{"id":151538},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151541,151406],{},[40,151543,151545],{"className":42,"code":151544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151546,151547,151579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151548,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151550,8597],{"class":55},[49,151552,60],{"class":59},[49,151554,9923],{"class":63},[49,151556,347],{"class":346},[49,151558,308],{"class":350},[49,151560,347],{"class":346},[49,151562,135],{"class":63},[49,151564,4930],{"class":67},[49,151566,71],{"class":63},[49,151568,357],{"class":346},[49,151570,360],{"class":350},[49,151572,347],{"class":346},[49,151574,135],{"class":63},[49,151576,74],{"class":67},[49,151578,8741],{"class":63},[49,151580,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151582,105],{"class":104},[49,151584,108],{"class":63},[49,151586,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151588,108],{"class":63},[49,151590,8636],{"class":94},[49,151592,1182],{"class":63},[20,151594,151595],{},"returns only the keys:",[40,151597,151599],{"className":42,"code":151598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151600,151601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151602,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151604,108],{"class":63},[49,151606,2734],{"class":346},[49,151608,308],{"class":350},[49,151610,2734],{"class":346},[49,151612,71],{"class":63},[49,151614,2729],{"class":346},[49,151616,360],{"class":350},[49,151618,2734],{"class":346},[49,151620,272],{"class":63},[20,151622,151623],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[40,151625,151627],{"className":42,"code":151626,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151628,151629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151630,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151632,105],{"class":104},[49,151634,108],{"class":63},[49,151636,48378],{"class":1174},[49,151638,108],{"class":63},[49,151640,8636],{"class":94},[49,151642,91],{"class":63},[49,151644,88],{"class":94},[49,151646,5723],{"class":63},[528,151648,151650],{"id":151649},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151652,151653,151654,151656],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151655,37470],{}," conversion.",[20,151658,4904],{},[40,151660,151662],{"className":42,"code":151661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151663,151664,151684],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151665,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151667,1878],{"class":55},[49,151669,60],{"class":59},[49,151671,8668],{"class":63},[49,151673,68],{"class":67},[49,151675,71],{"class":63},[49,151677,74],{"class":67},[49,151679,71],{"class":63},[49,151681,79],{"class":67},[49,151683,272],{"class":63},[49,151685,151686,151688,151690,151692],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151687,105],{"class":104},[49,151689,108],{"class":63},[49,151691,1904],{"class":94},[49,151693,272],{"class":63},[20,151695,151696],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151698,24928,151699,151701],{},[15,151700,37470],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[35,151703,1253],{"id":1252},[528,151705,151707],{"id":151706},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151709,151710],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[528,151712,151714],{"id":151713},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151716,151717,151718,91],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151719,6800],{},[528,151721,151723],{"id":151722},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151725,151726],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[528,151728,151730],{"id":151729},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151732,151733],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[528,151735,151737],{"id":151736},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151739,151740,151741,91],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151742,2437],{},[35,151744,1309],{"id":1308},[137,151746,151747,151751,151755,151759,151763,151767],{},[140,151748,151749],{},[308,151750,147273],{"href":147272},[140,151752,151753],{},[308,151754,150200],{"href":148576},[140,151756,151757],{},[308,151758,104337],{"href":59338},[140,151760,151761],{},[308,151762,150929],{"href":150928},[140,151764,151765],{},[308,151766,62833],{"href":62832},[140,151768,151769],{},[308,151770,61574],{"href":52025},[1352,151772,151773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":151775},[151776,151777,151778,151779,151780,151787,151788,151789,151790,151796,151803],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":150403,"depth":85,"text":150404},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":148949,"depth":85,"text":148950},{"id":150572,"depth":85,"text":150573,"children":151781},[151782,151783,151784,151785,151786],{"id":150576,"depth":101,"text":150577},{"id":150664,"depth":101,"text":150665},{"id":150763,"depth":101,"text":150764},{"id":150843,"depth":101,"text":150844},{"id":150932,"depth":101,"text":150933},{"id":151037,"depth":85,"text":151038},{"id":151207,"depth":85,"text":151208},{"id":151301,"depth":85,"text":151302},{"id":114601,"depth":85,"text":114602,"children":151791},[151792,151793,151794,151795],{"id":151351,"depth":101,"text":151352},{"id":151402,"depth":101,"text":151403},{"id":151538,"depth":101,"text":151539},{"id":151649,"depth":101,"text":151650},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":151797},[151798,151799,151800,151801,151802],{"id":151706,"depth":101,"text":151707},{"id":151713,"depth":101,"text":151714},{"id":151722,"depth":101,"text":151723},{"id":151729,"depth":101,"text":151730},{"id":151736,"depth":101,"text":151737},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150258,"description":151804},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151811,"title":151812,"body":151813,"description":153226,"extension":1392,"meta":153227,"navigation":243,"path":153228,"seo":153229,"stem":153230,"__hash__":153231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151814,"toc":153198},[151815,151820,151825,151828,151830,151909,151915,151920,151924,151939,151941,151988,151990,151998,152006,152012,152014,152019,152039,152042,152069,152071,152095,152097,152239,152241,152245,152253,152256,152258,152335,152337,152345,152349,152353,152363,152373,152375,152380,152382,152441,152446,152448,152548,152550,152564,152569,152575,152582,152585,152587,152697,152701,152718,152720,152783,152785,152793,152805,152809,152814,152842,152845,152927,152929,152940,152942,152946,152973,152975,152977,153057,153065,153067,153122,153124,153129,153132,153136,153140,153142,153146,153150,153158,153165,153168,153170,153195],[10,151816,147157,151818,18],{"id":151817},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151819,58250],{},[20,151821,151822,151824],{},[15,151823,148478],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151826,151827],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[35,151829,1434],{"id":1433},[40,151831,151833],{"className":42,"code":151832,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151834,151835,151875,151897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151838,12495],{"class":55},[49,151840,60],{"class":59},[49,151842,8668],{"class":63},[49,151844,347],{"class":346},[49,151846,12512],{"class":350},[49,151848,347],{"class":346},[49,151850,71],{"class":63},[49,151852,357],{"class":346},[49,151854,12529],{"class":350},[49,151856,347],{"class":346},[49,151858,71],{"class":63},[49,151860,357],{"class":346},[49,151862,16877],{"class":350},[49,151864,347],{"class":346},[49,151866,71],{"class":63},[49,151868,357],{"class":346},[49,151870,12529],{"class":350},[49,151872,347],{"class":346},[49,151874,272],{"class":63},[49,151876,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151878,64203],{"class":55},[49,151880,60],{"class":59},[49,151882,12543],{"class":55},[49,151884,91],{"class":63},[49,151886,35268],{"class":94},[49,151888,108],{"class":63},[49,151890,347],{"class":346},[49,151892,12529],{"class":350},[49,151894,347],{"class":346},[49,151896,272],{"class":63},[49,151898,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,151900,105],{"class":104},[49,151902,108],{"class":63},[49,151904,64230],{"class":94},[49,151906,113],{"class":63},[49,151908,27203],{"class":116},[20,151910,151911,151914],{},[15,151912,151913],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[35,151916,127,151918,130],{"id":151917},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151919,148478],{},[20,151921,1409,151922,10840],{},[15,151923,58250],{},[137,151925,151926,151929,151931,151934],{},[140,151927,151928],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[140,151930,127755],{},[140,151932,151933],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[140,151935,151936,151937],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151938,1552],{},[20,151940,761],{},[40,151942,151944],{"className":42,"code":151943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151945,151946,151970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151947,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151949,214],{"class":55},[49,151951,60],{"class":59},[49,151953,8668],{"class":63},[49,151955,221],{"class":67},[49,151957,71],{"class":63},[49,151959,226],{"class":67},[49,151961,71],{"class":63},[49,151963,231],{"class":67},[49,151965,71],{"class":63},[49,151967,226],{"class":67},[49,151969,272],{"class":63},[49,151971,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,151973,105],{"class":104},[49,151975,108],{"class":63},[49,151977,249],{"class":94},[49,151979,91],{"class":63},[49,151981,35268],{"class":94},[49,151983,108],{"class":63},[49,151985,15176],{"class":67},[49,151987,1182],{"class":63},[20,151989,275],{},[40,151991,151992],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151993,151994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151995,151996],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151997,46341],{"class":67},[20,151999,20399,152000,152002,152003,152005],{},[15,152001,15176],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152004,58250],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152007,150424,152008,91],{},[308,152009,152011],{"href":152010},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[35,152013,164],{"id":163},[20,152015,7198,152016,152018],{},[15,152017,58250],{}," in two ways:",[40,152020,152022],{"className":42,"code":152021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152023,152024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152025,152026,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152027,152028],{"class":55},"tuple_name",[49,152030,91],{"class":63},[49,152032,35268],{"class":94},[49,152034,108],{"class":63},[49,152036,1904],{"class":94},[49,152038,272],{"class":63},[20,152040,152041],{},"or:",[40,152043,152045],{"className":42,"code":152044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152046,152047],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152048,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152050,152028],{"class":55},[49,152052,91],{"class":63},[49,152054,35268],{"class":94},[49,152056,108],{"class":63},[49,152058,1904],{"class":94},[49,152060,71],{"class":63},[49,152062,35474],{"class":94},[49,152064,71],{"class":63},[49,152066,64324],{"class":94},[49,152068,272],{"class":63},[528,152070,16818],{"id":16817},[137,152072,152073,152078,152083,152088],{},[140,152074,152075,152077],{},[15,152076,1904],{}," — the item to search for",[140,152079,152080,152082],{},[15,152081,35495],{}," — optional starting position",[140,152084,152085,152087],{},[15,152086,52086],{}," — optional ending position",[140,152089,152090,4214,152092,152094],{},[15,152091,52086],{},[30,152093,64353],{}," in the search",[20,152096,761],{},[40,152098,152100],{"className":42,"code":152099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152101,152102,152150,152154,152179,152207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152103,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152105,35513],{"class":55},[49,152107,60],{"class":59},[49,152109,8668],{"class":63},[49,152111,347],{"class":346},[49,152113,308],{"class":350},[49,152115,347],{"class":346},[49,152117,71],{"class":63},[49,152119,357],{"class":346},[49,152121,360],{"class":350},[49,152123,347],{"class":346},[49,152125,71],{"class":63},[49,152127,357],{"class":346},[49,152129,369],{"class":350},[49,152131,347],{"class":346},[49,152133,71],{"class":63},[49,152135,357],{"class":346},[49,152137,360],{"class":350},[49,152139,347],{"class":346},[49,152141,71],{"class":63},[49,152143,357],{"class":346},[49,152145,18190],{"class":350},[49,152147,347],{"class":346},[49,152149,272],{"class":63},[49,152151,152152],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152153,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,152155,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152157,105],{"class":104},[49,152159,108],{"class":63},[49,152161,35566],{"class":94},[49,152163,91],{"class":63},[49,152165,35268],{"class":94},[49,152167,108],{"class":63},[49,152169,347],{"class":346},[49,152171,360],{"class":350},[49,152173,347],{"class":346},[49,152175,4793],{"class":63},[49,152177,152178],{"class":116},"        # 1\n",[49,152180,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,152182,105],{"class":104},[49,152184,108],{"class":63},[49,152186,35566],{"class":94},[49,152188,91],{"class":63},[49,152190,35268],{"class":94},[49,152192,108],{"class":63},[49,152194,347],{"class":346},[49,152196,360],{"class":350},[49,152198,347],{"class":346},[49,152200,71],{"class":63},[49,152202,74],{"class":67},[49,152204,4793],{"class":63},[49,152206,50343],{"class":116},[49,152208,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,152210,105],{"class":104},[49,152212,108],{"class":63},[49,152214,35566],{"class":94},[49,152216,91],{"class":63},[49,152218,35268],{"class":94},[49,152220,108],{"class":63},[49,152222,347],{"class":346},[49,152224,360],{"class":350},[49,152226,347],{"class":346},[49,152228,71],{"class":63},[49,152230,4930],{"class":67},[49,152232,71],{"class":63},[49,152234,79],{"class":67},[49,152236,4793],{"class":63},[49,152238,27203],{"class":116},[35,152240,102664],{"id":102663},[20,152242,152243,24931],{},[15,152244,148478],{},[137,152246,152247,152250],{},[140,152248,152249],{},"An integer",[140,152251,152252],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152254,152255],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152257,761],{},[40,152259,152261],{"className":42,"code":152260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152262,152263,152303,152325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152266,107763],{"class":55},[49,152268,60],{"class":59},[49,152270,8668],{"class":63},[49,152272,347],{"class":346},[49,152274,36470],{"class":350},[49,152276,347],{"class":346},[49,152278,71],{"class":63},[49,152280,357],{"class":346},[49,152282,57409],{"class":350},[49,152284,347],{"class":346},[49,152286,71],{"class":63},[49,152288,357],{"class":346},[49,152290,57426],{"class":350},[49,152292,347],{"class":346},[49,152294,71],{"class":63},[49,152296,357],{"class":346},[49,152298,57409],{"class":350},[49,152300,347],{"class":346},[49,152302,272],{"class":63},[49,152304,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152306,382],{"class":55},[49,152308,60],{"class":59},[49,152310,107806],{"class":55},[49,152312,91],{"class":63},[49,152314,35268],{"class":94},[49,152316,108],{"class":63},[49,152318,347],{"class":346},[49,152320,57409],{"class":350},[49,152322,347],{"class":346},[49,152324,272],{"class":63},[49,152326,152327,152329,152331,152333],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152328,105],{"class":104},[49,152330,108],{"class":63},[49,152332,420],{"class":94},[49,152334,272],{"class":63},[20,152336,275],{},[40,152338,152339],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152340,152341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152342,152343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152344,46341],{"class":67},[35,152346,152348],{"id":152347},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152350,120,152351,10033],{},[15,152352,148478],{},[137,152354,152355,152357,152360],{},[140,152356,65382],{},[140,152358,152359],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[140,152361,152362],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152364,152365,152366,152369,152370,91],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152367,152368],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[308,152371,148946],{"href":152372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[35,152374,64914],{"id":64913},[20,152376,152377,152378,91],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152379,40128],{},[20,152381,761],{},[40,152383,152385],{"className":42,"code":152384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152386,152387,152419],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152388,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152390,12495],{"class":55},[49,152392,60],{"class":59},[49,152394,8668],{"class":63},[49,152396,347],{"class":346},[49,152398,12512],{"class":350},[49,152400,347],{"class":346},[49,152402,71],{"class":63},[49,152404,357],{"class":346},[49,152406,12529],{"class":350},[49,152408,347],{"class":346},[49,152410,71],{"class":63},[49,152412,357],{"class":346},[49,152414,16877],{"class":350},[49,152416,347],{"class":346},[49,152418,272],{"class":63},[49,152420,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152422,105],{"class":104},[49,152424,108],{"class":63},[49,152426,16924],{"class":94},[49,152428,91],{"class":63},[49,152430,35268],{"class":94},[49,152432,108],{"class":63},[49,152434,347],{"class":346},[49,152436,21946],{"class":350},[49,152438,347],{"class":346},[49,152440,1182],{"class":63},[20,152442,39077,152443,152445],{},[15,152444,109088],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152447,64989],{},[40,152449,152451],{"className":42,"code":152450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152452,152453,152485,152489,152505,152527,152533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152454,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152456,12495],{"class":55},[49,152458,60],{"class":59},[49,152460,8668],{"class":63},[49,152462,347],{"class":346},[49,152464,12512],{"class":350},[49,152466,347],{"class":346},[49,152468,71],{"class":63},[49,152470,357],{"class":346},[49,152472,12529],{"class":350},[49,152474,347],{"class":346},[49,152476,71],{"class":63},[49,152478,357],{"class":346},[49,152480,16877],{"class":350},[49,152482,347],{"class":346},[49,152484,272],{"class":63},[49,152486,152487],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152488,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,152490,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152492,6431],{"class":3306},[49,152494,357],{"class":346},[49,152496,21946],{"class":350},[49,152498,347],{"class":346},[49,152500,20595],{"class":59},[49,152502,12543],{"class":55},[49,152504,5826],{"class":63},[49,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,152508,7501],{"class":104},[49,152510,108],{"class":63},[49,152512,16924],{"class":94},[49,152514,91],{"class":63},[49,152516,35268],{"class":94},[49,152518,108],{"class":63},[49,152520,347],{"class":346},[49,152522,21946],{"class":350},[49,152524,347],{"class":346},[49,152526,1182],{"class":63},[49,152528,152529,152531],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,152530,26857],{"class":3306},[49,152532,5826],{"class":63},[49,152534,152535,152537,152539,152541,152544,152546],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,152536,7501],{"class":104},[49,152538,108],{"class":63},[49,152540,347],{"class":346},[49,152542,152543],{"class":350},"Value not found",[49,152545,347],{"class":346},[49,152547,272],{"class":63},[20,152549,275],{},[40,152551,152553],{"className":42,"code":152552,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Value not found\n",[15,152554,152555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152556,152557,152560,152562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152558,152559],{"class":55},"Value ",[49,152561,329],{"class":59},[49,152563,65113],{"class":55},[20,152565,152566,152567,91],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[308,152568,65123],{"href":65122},[35,152570,1092,152571,618,152573],{"id":64690},[15,152572,35495],{},[15,152574,52086],{},[20,152576,1409,152577,618,152579,152581],{},[15,152578,35495],{},[15,152580,52086],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152583,152584],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152586,761],{},[40,152588,152590],{"className":42,"code":152589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152591,152592,152620,152624,152645,152669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152593,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152595,3252],{"class":55},[49,152597,60],{"class":59},[49,152599,8668],{"class":63},[49,152601,1569],{"class":67},[49,152603,71],{"class":63},[49,152605,5437],{"class":67},[49,152607,71],{"class":63},[49,152609,4036],{"class":67},[49,152611,71],{"class":63},[49,152613,226],{"class":67},[49,152615,71],{"class":63},[49,152617,4036],{"class":67},[49,152619,272],{"class":63},[49,152621,152622],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152623,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,152625,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152627,105],{"class":104},[49,152629,108],{"class":63},[49,152631,4790],{"class":94},[49,152633,91],{"class":63},[49,152635,35268],{"class":94},[49,152637,108],{"class":63},[49,152639,1569],{"class":67},[49,152641,4793],{"class":63},[49,152643,152644],{"class":116},"        # 0\n",[49,152646,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,152648,105],{"class":104},[49,152650,108],{"class":63},[49,152652,4790],{"class":94},[49,152654,91],{"class":63},[49,152656,35268],{"class":94},[49,152658,108],{"class":63},[49,152660,1569],{"class":67},[49,152662,71],{"class":63},[49,152664,4930],{"class":67},[49,152666,4793],{"class":63},[49,152668,50377],{"class":116},[49,152670,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,152672,105],{"class":104},[49,152674,108],{"class":63},[49,152676,4790],{"class":94},[49,152678,91],{"class":63},[49,152680,35268],{"class":94},[49,152682,108],{"class":63},[49,152684,1569],{"class":67},[49,152686,71],{"class":63},[49,152688,79],{"class":67},[49,152690,71],{"class":63},[49,152692,4036],{"class":67},[49,152694,4793],{"class":63},[49,152696,50360],{"class":116},[528,152698,152700],{"id":152699},"how-it-works","How it works",[137,152702,152703,152708,152713],{},[140,152704,152705,152707],{},[15,152706,35495],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[140,152709,152710,152712],{},[15,152711,52086],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[140,152714,1409,152715,152717],{},[15,152716,52086],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152719,761],{},[40,152721,152723],{"className":42,"code":152722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152724,152725,152753,152757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152726,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152728,3252],{"class":55},[49,152730,60],{"class":59},[49,152732,8668],{"class":63},[49,152734,1569],{"class":67},[49,152736,71],{"class":63},[49,152738,5437],{"class":67},[49,152740,71],{"class":63},[49,152742,4036],{"class":67},[49,152744,71],{"class":63},[49,152746,226],{"class":67},[49,152748,71],{"class":63},[49,152750,4036],{"class":67},[49,152752,272],{"class":63},[49,152754,152755],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152756,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,152758,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152760,105],{"class":104},[49,152762,108],{"class":63},[49,152764,4790],{"class":94},[49,152766,91],{"class":63},[49,152768,35268],{"class":94},[49,152770,108],{"class":63},[49,152772,1569],{"class":67},[49,152774,71],{"class":63},[49,152776,4930],{"class":67},[49,152778,71],{"class":63},[49,152780,1888],{"class":67},[49,152782,1182],{"class":63},[20,152784,275],{},[40,152786,152787],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152788,152789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152790,152791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152792,16479],{"class":67},[20,152794,152795,152796,1622,152798,16495,152800,152802,152803,91],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152797,68],{},[15,152799,1488],{},[15,152801,1494],{},", but not ",[15,152804,1936],{},[35,152806,152808],{"id":152807},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152810,152811,152812,135],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152813,148478],{},[137,152815,152816,152824,152829,152836],{},[140,152817,152818,152819,152821,152822],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,152820,1904],{}," with the ",[30,152823,35268],{},[140,152825,152826,152827],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152828,1552],{},[140,152830,120,152831,152835],{},[308,152832,148504,152833,736],{"href":148556},[15,152834,56572],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[140,152837,152838,152839,152841],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152840,152368],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152843,152844],{},"Example of value vs index:",[40,152846,152848],{"className":42,"code":152847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152849,152850,152882,152886,152910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152853,35661],{"class":55},[49,152855,60],{"class":59},[49,152857,8668],{"class":63},[49,152859,347],{"class":346},[49,152861,3510],{"class":350},[49,152863,347],{"class":346},[49,152865,71],{"class":63},[49,152867,357],{"class":346},[49,152869,3519],{"class":350},[49,152871,347],{"class":346},[49,152873,71],{"class":63},[49,152875,357],{"class":346},[49,152877,32644],{"class":350},[49,152879,347],{"class":346},[49,152881,272],{"class":63},[49,152883,152884],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152885,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,152887,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,152889,105],{"class":104},[49,152891,108],{"class":63},[49,152893,35713],{"class":94},[49,152895,91],{"class":63},[49,152897,35268],{"class":94},[49,152899,108],{"class":63},[49,152901,347],{"class":346},[49,152903,3519],{"class":350},[49,152905,347],{"class":346},[49,152907,4793],{"class":63},[49,152909,27203],{"class":116},[49,152911,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,152913,105],{"class":104},[49,152915,108],{"class":63},[49,152917,35713],{"class":94},[49,152919,938],{"class":63},[49,152921,68],{"class":67},[49,152923,19869],{"class":63},[49,152925,152926],{"class":116},"               # banana\n",[20,152928,1611],{},[137,152930,152931,152935],{},[140,152932,152933,14668],{},[15,152934,64558],{},[140,152936,152937,152939],{},[15,152938,68],{}," is the index",[35,152941,2261],{"id":2260},[20,152943,105402,152944,135],{},[15,152945,148478],{},[137,152947,152948,152951,152956,152961,152968],{},[140,152949,152950],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[140,152952,1011,152953,152955],{},[15,152954,58250],{}," to return all matching positions",[140,152957,152958,152959],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152960,1552],{},[140,152962,152963,152964,618,152966],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152965,35495],{},[15,152967,52086],{},[140,152969,36627,152970,152972],{},[15,152971,148478],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[528,152974,59993],{"id":59992},[20,152976,93664],{},[40,152978,152980],{"className":42,"code":152979,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152981,152982,152992,153006,153021,153039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152985,105],{"class":104},[49,152987,108],{"class":63},[49,152989,147291],{"class":94},[49,152991,272],{"class":63},[49,152993,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,152995,105],{"class":104},[49,152997,108],{"class":63},[49,152999,10592],{"class":104},[49,153001,108],{"class":63},[49,153003,147291],{"class":94},[49,153005,1182],{"class":63},[49,153007,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153019],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153009,105],{"class":104},[49,153011,108],{"class":63},[49,153013,1878],{"class":94},[49,153015,3313],{"class":3306},[49,153017,153018],{"class":94}," my_tuple",[49,153020,272],{"class":63},[49,153022,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153024,105],{"class":104},[49,153026,108],{"class":63},[49,153028,147291],{"class":94},[49,153030,91],{"class":63},[49,153032,40683],{"class":94},[49,153034,108],{"class":63},[49,153036,1904],{"class":94},[49,153038,1182],{"class":63},[49,153040,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153042,105],{"class":104},[49,153044,108],{"class":63},[49,153046,147291],{"class":94},[49,153048,91],{"class":63},[49,153050,35268],{"class":94},[49,153052,108],{"class":63},[49,153054,1904],{"class":94},[49,153056,1182],{"class":63},[20,153058,153059,153060,83681,153062,153064],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153061,40128],{},[15,153063,1904],{}," is missing.",[20,153066,128908],{},[40,153068,153070],{"className":42,"code":153069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153071,153072,153084,153102,153108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153073,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153075,6431],{"class":3306},[49,153077,21006],{"class":55},[49,153079,3313],{"class":59},[49,153081,153018],{"class":55},[49,153083,5826],{"class":63},[49,153085,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153087,7501],{"class":104},[49,153089,108],{"class":63},[49,153091,147291],{"class":94},[49,153093,91],{"class":63},[49,153095,35268],{"class":94},[49,153097,108],{"class":63},[49,153099,1904],{"class":94},[49,153101,1182],{"class":63},[49,153103,153104,153106],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153105,26857],{"class":3306},[49,153107,5826],{"class":63},[49,153109,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153111,7501],{"class":104},[49,153113,108],{"class":63},[49,153115,347],{"class":346},[49,153117,152543],{"class":350},[49,153119,347],{"class":346},[49,153121,272],{"class":63},[35,153123,1253],{"id":1252},[528,153125,4573,153127,12137],{"id":153126},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153128,148478],{},[20,153130,153131],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[528,153133,153135],{"id":153134},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153137,153138,152005],{},[15,153139,148478],{},[528,153141,148457],{"id":148456},[20,153143,76142,153144,91],{},[15,153145,40128],{},[528,153147,153149],{"id":153148},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153151,153152,153153,618,153155,153157],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153154,35495],{},[15,153156,52086],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[528,153159,14324,153161,56487,153163,1284],{"id":153160},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153162,148478],{},[15,153164,64149],{},[20,153166,153167],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[35,153169,1309],{"id":1308},[137,153171,153172,153178,153182,153187,153191],{},[140,153173,153174],{},[308,153175,148504,153176,736],{"href":148556},[15,153177,56572],{},[140,153179,153180],{},[308,153181,148946],{"href":152372},[140,153183,153184],{},[308,153185,153186],{"href":150252},"Creating a tuple in Python",[140,153188,153189],{},[308,153190,65123],{"href":65122},[140,153192,153193],{},[308,153194,150200],{"href":152010},[1352,153196,153197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":153199},[153200,153201,153203,153206,153207,153208,153209,153212,153213,153216,153225],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":151917,"depth":85,"text":153202},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164,"children":153204},[153205],{"id":16817,"depth":101,"text":16818},{"id":102663,"depth":85,"text":102664},{"id":152347,"depth":85,"text":152348},{"id":64913,"depth":85,"text":64914},{"id":64690,"depth":85,"text":65473,"children":153210},[153211],{"id":152699,"depth":101,"text":152700},{"id":152807,"depth":85,"text":152808},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261,"children":153214},[153215],{"id":59992,"depth":101,"text":59993},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":153217},[153218,153220,153221,153222,153223],{"id":153126,"depth":101,"text":153219},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153134,"depth":101,"text":153135},{"id":148456,"depth":101,"text":148457},{"id":153148,"depth":101,"text":153149},{"id":153160,"depth":101,"text":153224},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151812,"description":153226},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153233,"title":153234,"body":153235,"description":154630,"extension":1392,"meta":154631,"navigation":243,"path":152372,"seo":154632,"stem":154633,"__hash__":154634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153236,"toc":154612},[153237,153240,153243,153246,153260,153262,153265,153359,153369,153375,153379,153382,153385,153387,153405,153407,153478,153480,153497,153501,153505,153508,153525,153528,153543,153545,153636,153639,153643,153646,153663,153665,153760,153763,153766,153770,153773,153867,153869,153888,153891,153895,153898,153900,153955,153957,153992,153995,154009,154017,154110,154119,154123,154126,154133,154136,154183,154185,154193,154196,154247,154249,154266,154271,154275,154278,154281,154283,154334,154337,154392,154395,154398,154400,154403,154423,154425,154498,154501,154514,154516,154520,154525,154529,154534,154551,154555,154558,154575,154579,154582,154584,154609],[10,153238,153234],{"id":153239},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153241,153242],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153244,153245],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[137,153247,153248,153251,153254,153257],{},[140,153249,153250],{},"positive indexes",[140,153252,153253],{},"negative indexes",[140,153255,153256],{},"common indexing mistakes",[140,153258,153259],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[35,153261,38],{"id":37},[20,153263,153264],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[40,153266,153268],{"className":42,"code":153267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153269,153270,153302,153306,153323,153340],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153271,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153273,12495],{"class":55},[49,153275,60],{"class":59},[49,153277,8668],{"class":63},[49,153279,347],{"class":346},[49,153281,12512],{"class":350},[49,153283,347],{"class":346},[49,153285,71],{"class":63},[49,153287,357],{"class":346},[49,153289,16877],{"class":350},[49,153291,347],{"class":346},[49,153293,71],{"class":63},[49,153295,357],{"class":346},[49,153297,12529],{"class":350},[49,153299,347],{"class":346},[49,153301,272],{"class":63},[49,153303,153304],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153305,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153307,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153309,105],{"class":104},[49,153311,108],{"class":63},[49,153313,16924],{"class":94},[49,153315,938],{"class":63},[49,153317,1552],{"class":67},[49,153319,19869],{"class":63},[49,153321,153322],{"class":116},"   # red\n",[49,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153326,105],{"class":104},[49,153328,108],{"class":63},[49,153330,16924],{"class":94},[49,153332,938],{"class":63},[49,153334,68],{"class":67},[49,153336,19869],{"class":63},[49,153338,153339],{"class":116},"   # green\n",[49,153341,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153343,105],{"class":104},[49,153345,108],{"class":63},[49,153347,16924],{"class":94},[49,153349,938],{"class":63},[49,153351,1453],{"class":59},[49,153353,68],{"class":67},[49,153355,19869],{"class":63},[49,153357,153358],{"class":116},"  # blue\n",[137,153360,153361,153366],{},[140,153362,131697,153363,153365],{},[15,153364,1552],{}," is the first item.",[140,153367,153368],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153370,153371,153372,91],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[308,153373,153374],{"href":147276},"how to create a tuple in Python",[35,153376,153378],{"id":153377},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153380,153381],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153383,153384],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153386,186],{},[137,153388,153389,153392,153399,153402],{},[140,153390,153391],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[140,153393,153394,153395,18386,153397],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153396,1552],{},[15,153398,68],{},[140,153400,153401],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[140,153403,153404],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153406,761],{},[40,153408,153410],{"className":42,"code":153409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153411,153412,153432,153436,153450,153464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153413,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153415,214],{"class":55},[49,153417,60],{"class":59},[49,153419,8668],{"class":63},[49,153421,221],{"class":67},[49,153423,71],{"class":63},[49,153425,226],{"class":67},[49,153427,71],{"class":63},[49,153429,231],{"class":67},[49,153431,272],{"class":63},[49,153433,153434],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153435,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153437,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153439,105],{"class":104},[49,153441,108],{"class":63},[49,153443,249],{"class":94},[49,153445,938],{"class":63},[49,153447,1552],{"class":67},[49,153449,3319],{"class":63},[49,153451,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153453,105],{"class":104},[49,153455,108],{"class":63},[49,153457,249],{"class":94},[49,153459,938],{"class":63},[49,153461,68],{"class":67},[49,153463,3319],{"class":63},[49,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153467,105],{"class":104},[49,153469,108],{"class":63},[49,153471,249],{"class":94},[49,153473,938],{"class":63},[49,153475,1488],{"class":67},[49,153477,3319],{"class":63},[20,153479,275],{},[40,153481,153483],{"className":42,"code":153482,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153484,153485,153489,153493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153486,153487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153488,1808],{"class":67},[49,153490,153491],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153492,70508],{"class":67},[49,153494,153495],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153496,69124],{"class":67},[20,153498,58675,153499,91],{},[308,153500,147273],{"href":147272},[35,153502,153504],{"id":153503},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153506,153507],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[137,153509,153510,153515,153520],{},[140,153511,153512,153514],{},[15,153513,1552],{}," = first item",[140,153516,153517,153519],{},[15,153518,68],{}," = second item",[140,153521,153522,153524],{},[15,153523,1488],{}," = third item",[20,153526,153527],{},"Pattern:",[40,153529,153531],{"className":42,"code":153530,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153532,153533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153534,153535,153537,153539,153541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153536,152028],{"class":55},[49,153538,938],{"class":63},[49,153540,35268],{"class":55},[49,153542,82],{"class":63},[20,153544,761],{},[40,153546,153548],{"className":42,"code":153547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153549,153550,153582,153586,153603,153619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153551,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153553,35661],{"class":55},[49,153555,60],{"class":59},[49,153557,8668],{"class":63},[49,153559,347],{"class":346},[49,153561,3510],{"class":350},[49,153563,347],{"class":346},[49,153565,71],{"class":63},[49,153567,357],{"class":346},[49,153569,3519],{"class":350},[49,153571,347],{"class":346},[49,153573,71],{"class":63},[49,153575,357],{"class":346},[49,153577,3528],{"class":350},[49,153579,347],{"class":346},[49,153581,272],{"class":63},[49,153583,153584],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153585,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153587,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153589,105],{"class":104},[49,153591,108],{"class":63},[49,153593,35713],{"class":94},[49,153595,938],{"class":63},[49,153597,1552],{"class":67},[49,153599,19869],{"class":63},[49,153601,153602],{"class":116},"  # apple\n",[49,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153606,105],{"class":104},[49,153608,108],{"class":63},[49,153610,35713],{"class":94},[49,153612,938],{"class":63},[49,153614,68],{"class":67},[49,153616,19869],{"class":63},[49,153618,50911],{"class":116},[49,153620,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153622,105],{"class":104},[49,153624,108],{"class":63},[49,153626,35713],{"class":94},[49,153628,938],{"class":63},[49,153630,1488],{"class":67},[49,153632,19869],{"class":63},[49,153634,153635],{"class":116},"  # cherry\n",[20,153637,153638],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[35,153640,153642],{"id":153641},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153644,153645],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[137,153647,153648,153653,153658],{},[140,153649,153650,153652],{},[15,153651,65138],{}," = last item",[140,153654,153655,153657],{},[15,153656,94694],{}," = second-to-last item",[140,153659,153660,153662],{},[15,153661,47095],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153664,761],{},[40,153666,153668],{"className":42,"code":153667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153669,153670,153702,153706,153724,153742],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153671,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153673,35661],{"class":55},[49,153675,60],{"class":59},[49,153677,8668],{"class":63},[49,153679,347],{"class":346},[49,153681,3510],{"class":350},[49,153683,347],{"class":346},[49,153685,71],{"class":63},[49,153687,357],{"class":346},[49,153689,3519],{"class":350},[49,153691,347],{"class":346},[49,153693,71],{"class":63},[49,153695,357],{"class":346},[49,153697,3528],{"class":350},[49,153699,347],{"class":346},[49,153701,272],{"class":63},[49,153703,153704],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153705,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153707,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153709,105],{"class":104},[49,153711,108],{"class":63},[49,153713,35713],{"class":94},[49,153715,938],{"class":63},[49,153717,1453],{"class":59},[49,153719,68],{"class":67},[49,153721,19869],{"class":63},[49,153723,153635],{"class":116},[49,153725,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153727,105],{"class":104},[49,153729,108],{"class":63},[49,153731,35713],{"class":94},[49,153733,938],{"class":63},[49,153735,1453],{"class":59},[49,153737,1488],{"class":67},[49,153739,19869],{"class":63},[49,153741,50911],{"class":116},[49,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153745,105],{"class":104},[49,153747,108],{"class":63},[49,153749,35713],{"class":94},[49,153751,938],{"class":63},[49,153753,1453],{"class":59},[49,153755,1494],{"class":67},[49,153757,19869],{"class":63},[49,153759,153602],{"class":116},[20,153761,153762],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153764,153765],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[35,153767,153769],{"id":153768},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153771,153772],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[40,153774,153776],{"className":42,"code":153775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153777,153778,153810,153814,153831,153848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153779,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153781,4425],{"class":55},[49,153783,60],{"class":59},[49,153785,8668],{"class":63},[49,153787,347],{"class":346},[49,153789,12299],{"class":350},[49,153791,347],{"class":346},[49,153793,71],{"class":63},[49,153795,357],{"class":346},[49,153797,35363],{"class":350},[49,153799,347],{"class":346},[49,153801,71],{"class":63},[49,153803,357],{"class":346},[49,153805,35372],{"class":350},[49,153807,347],{"class":346},[49,153809,272],{"class":63},[49,153811,153812],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153813,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153815,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153817,105],{"class":104},[49,153819,108],{"class":63},[49,153821,4469],{"class":94},[49,153823,938],{"class":63},[49,153825,1552],{"class":67},[49,153827,19869],{"class":63},[49,153829,153830],{"class":116},"   # first item\n",[49,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,153834,105],{"class":104},[49,153836,108],{"class":63},[49,153838,4469],{"class":94},[49,153840,938],{"class":63},[49,153842,68],{"class":67},[49,153844,19869],{"class":63},[49,153846,153847],{"class":116},"   # middle item\n",[49,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,153851,105],{"class":104},[49,153853,108],{"class":63},[49,153855,4469],{"class":94},[49,153857,938],{"class":63},[49,153859,1453],{"class":59},[49,153861,68],{"class":67},[49,153863,19869],{"class":63},[49,153865,153866],{"class":116},"  # last item\n",[20,153868,275],{},[40,153870,153872],{"className":42,"code":153871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153873,153874,153878,153883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153875,153876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153877,49465],{"class":55},[49,153879,153880],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153881,153882],{"class":55},"Ben\n",[49,153884,153885],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153886,153887],{"class":55},"Cara\n",[20,153889,153890],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[35,153892,153894],{"id":153893},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153896,153897],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153899,761],{},[40,153901,153903],{"className":42,"code":153902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153904,153905,153937,153941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153906,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153908,35513],{"class":55},[49,153910,60],{"class":59},[49,153912,8668],{"class":63},[49,153914,347],{"class":346},[49,153916,308],{"class":350},[49,153918,347],{"class":346},[49,153920,71],{"class":63},[49,153922,357],{"class":346},[49,153924,360],{"class":350},[49,153926,347],{"class":346},[49,153928,71],{"class":63},[49,153930,357],{"class":346},[49,153932,369],{"class":350},[49,153934,347],{"class":346},[49,153936,272],{"class":63},[49,153938,153939],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153940,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,153942,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153944,105],{"class":104},[49,153946,108],{"class":63},[49,153948,35566],{"class":94},[49,153950,938],{"class":63},[49,153952,1569],{"class":67},[49,153954,3319],{"class":63},[20,153956,275],{},[40,153958,153960],{"className":42,"code":153959,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153961,153962,153974,153979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153963,153964,153967,153969,153972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153965,153966],{"class":94},"Traceback ",[49,153968,108],{"class":63},[49,153970,153971],{"class":94},"most recent call last",[49,153973,7773],{"class":63},[49,153975,153976],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,153977,153978],{"class":33875},"  ...\n",[49,153980,153981,153983,153985,153987,153990],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,153982,70015],{"class":1174},[49,153984,135],{"class":63},[49,153986,148639],{"class":1174},[49,153988,153989],{"class":55}," index out of ",[49,153991,70207],{"class":104},[20,153993,153994],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[137,153996,153997,154001,154005],{},[140,153998,153999],{},[15,154000,1552],{},[140,154002,154003],{},[15,154004,68],{},[140,154006,154007],{},[15,154008,1488],{},[20,154010,154011,154012,91],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[308,154013,154014,154016],{"href":148511},[15,154015,41784],{}," on a tuple",[40,154018,154020],{"className":42,"code":154019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154021,154022,154054,154058,154074,154078,154096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154025,35513],{"class":55},[49,154027,60],{"class":59},[49,154029,8668],{"class":63},[49,154031,347],{"class":346},[49,154033,308],{"class":350},[49,154035,347],{"class":346},[49,154037,71],{"class":63},[49,154039,357],{"class":346},[49,154041,360],{"class":350},[49,154043,347],{"class":346},[49,154045,71],{"class":63},[49,154047,357],{"class":346},[49,154049,369],{"class":350},[49,154051,347],{"class":346},[49,154053,272],{"class":63},[49,154055,154056],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154057,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,154059,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,154061,105],{"class":104},[49,154063,108],{"class":63},[49,154065,10592],{"class":104},[49,154067,108],{"class":63},[49,154069,35566],{"class":94},[49,154071,4793],{"class":63},[49,154073,50196],{"class":116},[49,154075,154076],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,154077,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,154079,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,154081,6431],{"class":3306},[49,154083,37809],{"class":104},[49,154085,108],{"class":63},[49,154087,35566],{"class":94},[49,154089,113],{"class":63},[49,154091,37819],{"class":59},[49,154093,74],{"class":67},[49,154095,5826],{"class":63},[49,154097,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,154099,7501],{"class":104},[49,154101,108],{"class":63},[49,154103,35566],{"class":94},[49,154105,938],{"class":63},[49,154107,1488],{"class":67},[49,154109,3319],{"class":63},[20,154111,154112,154113,91],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[308,154114,25102,154116],{"href":154115},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154117,154118],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[35,154120,154122],{"id":154121},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154124,154125],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[137,154127,154128,154130],{},[140,154129,76159],{},[140,154131,154132],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154134,154135],{},"Indexing example:",[40,154137,154139],{"className":42,"code":154138,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154140,154141,154165,154169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154142,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154144,214],{"class":55},[49,154146,60],{"class":59},[49,154148,8668],{"class":63},[49,154150,221],{"class":67},[49,154152,71],{"class":63},[49,154154,226],{"class":67},[49,154156,71],{"class":63},[49,154158,231],{"class":67},[49,154160,71],{"class":63},[49,154162,236],{"class":67},[49,154164,272],{"class":63},[49,154166,154167],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154168,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,154170,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,154172,105],{"class":104},[49,154174,108],{"class":63},[49,154176,249],{"class":94},[49,154178,938],{"class":63},[49,154180,68],{"class":67},[49,154182,3319],{"class":63},[20,154184,275],{},[40,154186,154187],{"className":42,"code":70508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154188,154189],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154190,154191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154192,70508],{"class":67},[20,154194,154195],{},"Slicing example:",[40,154197,154199],{"className":42,"code":154198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154200,154201,154225,154229],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154202,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154204,214],{"class":55},[49,154206,60],{"class":59},[49,154208,8668],{"class":63},[49,154210,221],{"class":67},[49,154212,71],{"class":63},[49,154214,226],{"class":67},[49,154216,71],{"class":63},[49,154218,231],{"class":67},[49,154220,71],{"class":63},[49,154222,236],{"class":67},[49,154224,272],{"class":63},[49,154226,154227],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154228,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,154230,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,154232,105],{"class":104},[49,154234,108],{"class":63},[49,154236,249],{"class":94},[49,154238,938],{"class":63},[49,154240,68],{"class":67},[49,154242,135],{"class":63},[49,154244,1494],{"class":67},[49,154246,3319],{"class":63},[20,154248,275],{},[40,154250,154252],{"className":42,"code":154251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154253,154254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154257,108],{"class":63},[49,154259,15176],{"class":67},[49,154261,71],{"class":63},[49,154263,231],{"class":67},[49,154265,272],{"class":63},[20,154267,154268,154269,91],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[308,154270,150190],{"href":150189},[35,154272,154274],{"id":154273},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154276,154277],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154279,154280],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154282,6121],{},[40,154284,154286],{"className":42,"code":154285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154287,154288,154320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154289,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154291,12495],{"class":55},[49,154293,60],{"class":59},[49,154295,8668],{"class":63},[49,154297,347],{"class":346},[49,154299,12512],{"class":350},[49,154301,347],{"class":346},[49,154303,71],{"class":63},[49,154305,357],{"class":346},[49,154307,16877],{"class":350},[49,154309,347],{"class":346},[49,154311,71],{"class":63},[49,154313,357],{"class":346},[49,154315,12529],{"class":350},[49,154317,347],{"class":346},[49,154319,272],{"class":63},[49,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154323,105],{"class":104},[49,154325,108],{"class":63},[49,154327,16924],{"class":94},[49,154329,938],{"class":63},[49,154331,68],{"class":67},[49,154333,3319],{"class":63},[20,154335,154336],{},"But this does not work:",[40,154338,154340],{"className":42,"code":154339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154341,154342,154374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154343,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154345,12495],{"class":55},[49,154347,60],{"class":59},[49,154349,8668],{"class":63},[49,154351,347],{"class":346},[49,154353,12512],{"class":350},[49,154355,347],{"class":346},[49,154357,71],{"class":63},[49,154359,357],{"class":346},[49,154361,16877],{"class":350},[49,154363,347],{"class":346},[49,154365,71],{"class":63},[49,154367,357],{"class":346},[49,154369,12529],{"class":350},[49,154371,347],{"class":346},[49,154373,272],{"class":63},[49,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154377,16924],{"class":55},[49,154379,938],{"class":63},[49,154381,68],{"class":67},[49,154383,12693],{"class":63},[49,154385,12696],{"class":59},[49,154387,357],{"class":346},[49,154389,21946],{"class":350},[49,154391,1124],{"class":346},[20,154393,154394],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154396,154397],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[35,154399,2261],{"id":2260},[20,154401,154402],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[137,154404,154405,154411,154414,154417],{},[140,154406,132001,154407,871,154409],{},[15,154408,68],{},[15,154410,1552],{},[140,154412,154413],{},"Using an index that is too large",[140,154415,154416],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[140,154418,154419,154420],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154421,154422],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154424,61578],{},[40,154426,154428],{"className":42,"code":154427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154429,154430,154440,154454,154468,154484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154431,154432,154434,154436,154438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154433,105],{"class":104},[49,154435,108],{"class":63},[49,154437,147291],{"class":94},[49,154439,272],{"class":63},[49,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154443,105],{"class":104},[49,154445,108],{"class":63},[49,154447,10592],{"class":104},[49,154449,108],{"class":63},[49,154451,147291],{"class":94},[49,154453,1182],{"class":63},[49,154455,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,154457,105],{"class":104},[49,154459,108],{"class":63},[49,154461,147291],{"class":94},[49,154463,938],{"class":63},[49,154465,1552],{"class":67},[49,154467,3319],{"class":63},[49,154469,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,154471,105],{"class":104},[49,154473,108],{"class":63},[49,154475,147291],{"class":94},[49,154477,938],{"class":63},[49,154479,1453],{"class":59},[49,154481,68],{"class":67},[49,154483,3319],{"class":63},[49,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,154487,105],{"class":104},[49,154489,108],{"class":63},[49,154491,1175],{"class":1174},[49,154493,108],{"class":63},[49,154495,147291],{"class":94},[49,154497,1182],{"class":63},[20,154499,154500],{},"These can help you confirm:",[137,154502,154503,154506,154508,154511],{},[140,154504,154505],{},"what the tuple contains",[140,154507,60067],{},[140,154509,154510],{},"what the first and last items are",[140,154512,154513],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[35,154515,1253],{"id":1252},[528,154517,154519],{"id":154518},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154521,154522,154523,91],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154524,1552],{},[528,154526,154528],{"id":154527},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154530,120,154531,154533],{},[15,154532,65138],{}," as the index:",[40,154535,154537],{"className":42,"code":154536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154538,154539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154542,147291],{"class":55},[49,154544,938],{"class":63},[49,154546,1453],{"class":59},[49,154548,68],{"class":67},[49,154550,82],{"class":63},[528,154552,154554],{"id":154553},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154556,154557],{},"Python raises:",[40,154559,154561],{"className":42,"code":154560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154562,154563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154564,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154566,70015],{"class":1174},[49,154568,135],{"class":63},[49,154570,148639],{"class":1174},[49,154572,153989],{"class":55},[49,154574,70207],{"class":104},[528,154576,154578],{"id":154577},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154580,154581],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[35,154583,1309],{"id":1308},[137,154585,154586,154591,154595,154599,154605],{},[140,154587,154588],{},[308,154589,154590],{"href":147276},"How to create a tuple in Python",[140,154592,154593],{},[308,154594,150190],{"href":150189},[140,154596,154597],{},[308,154598,150195],{"href":148511},[140,154600,154601],{},[308,154602,25545,154603],{"href":154115},[15,154604,154118],{},[140,154606,154607],{},[308,154608,147273],{"href":147272},[1352,154610,154611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":154613},[154614,154615,154616,154617,154618,154619,154620,154621,154622,154623,154629],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":153377,"depth":85,"text":153378},{"id":153503,"depth":85,"text":153504},{"id":153641,"depth":85,"text":153642},{"id":153768,"depth":85,"text":153769},{"id":153893,"depth":85,"text":153894},{"id":154121,"depth":85,"text":154122},{"id":154273,"depth":85,"text":154274},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":154624},[154625,154626,154627,154628],{"id":154518,"depth":101,"text":154519},{"id":154527,"depth":101,"text":154528},{"id":154553,"depth":101,"text":154554},{"id":154577,"depth":101,"text":154578},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153234,"description":154630},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154636,"title":154637,"body":154638,"description":156527,"extension":1392,"meta":156528,"navigation":243,"path":156529,"seo":156530,"stem":156531,"__hash__":156532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154639,"toc":156484},[154640,154646,154651,154702,154706,154714,154720,154722,154738,154740,154743,154758,154760,154773,154775,154832,154836,154844,154851,154857,154863,154867,154918,154922,154930,154934,154963,154967,154975,154979,155012,155016,155024,155028,155031,155082,155086,155094,155096,155113,155117,155121,155180,155184,155192,155195,155222,155226,155234,155238,155244,155319,155323,155360,155368,155372,155435,155439,155447,155452,155456,155462,155505,155509,155517,155523,155526,155573,155577,155585,155594,155600,155655,155659,155667,155670,155674,155676,155707,155711,155730,155733,155778,155782,155805,155811,155816,155818,155865,155870,155873,155921,155925,155933,155937,155942,155946,155996,156000,156015,156019,156077,156081,156096,156100,156171,156175,156184,156188,156267,156271,156293,156301,156303,156306,156331,156333,156386,156388,156405,156407,156411,156417,156422,156427,156431,156436,156440,156445,156451,156454,156456,156481],[10,154641,154643,154644,113],{"id":154642},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154645,10592],{},[20,154647,120,154648,154650],{},[15,154649,41784],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[40,154652,154654],{"className":42,"code":154653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154655,154656,154688],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154657,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154659,12495],{"class":55},[49,154661,60],{"class":59},[49,154663,8668],{"class":63},[49,154665,347],{"class":346},[49,154667,12512],{"class":350},[49,154669,347],{"class":346},[49,154671,71],{"class":63},[49,154673,357],{"class":346},[49,154675,16877],{"class":350},[49,154677,347],{"class":346},[49,154679,71],{"class":63},[49,154681,357],{"class":346},[49,154683,12529],{"class":350},[49,154685,347],{"class":346},[49,154687,272],{"class":63},[49,154689,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154691,105],{"class":104},[49,154693,108],{"class":63},[49,154695,10592],{"class":104},[49,154697,108],{"class":63},[49,154699,16924],{"class":94},[49,154701,1182],{"class":63},[20,154703,154704],{},[30,154705,275],{},[40,154707,154708],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154709,154710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154711,154712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154713,46041],{"class":67},[20,154715,120,154716,154719],{},[15,154717,154718],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[35,154721,14584],{"id":14583},[137,154723,154724,154729,154733,154736],{},[140,154725,3630,154726,154728],{},[15,154727,41784],{}," works with tuples",[140,154730,67542,154731,11129],{},[15,154732,41784],{},[140,154734,154735],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[140,154737,863],{},[35,154739,164],{"id":163},[20,154741,154742],{},"Use this pattern:",[40,154744,154746],{"className":42,"code":154745,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154747,154748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154749,154750,154752,154754,154756],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154751,10592],{"class":104},[49,154753,108],{"class":63},[49,154755,147291],{"class":94},[49,154757,272],{"class":63},[20,154759,186],{},[137,154761,154762,154765,154768],{},[140,154763,154764],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[140,154766,154767],{},"The result is an integer",[140,154769,154770,154772],{},[15,154771,41784],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154774,761],{},[40,154776,154778],{"className":42,"code":154777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154779,154780,154804,154818,154822],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154781,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154783,214],{"class":55},[49,154785,60],{"class":59},[49,154787,8668],{"class":63},[49,154789,221],{"class":67},[49,154791,71],{"class":63},[49,154793,226],{"class":67},[49,154795,71],{"class":63},[49,154797,231],{"class":67},[49,154799,71],{"class":63},[49,154801,236],{"class":67},[49,154803,272],{"class":63},[49,154805,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154807,40665],{"class":55},[49,154809,60],{"class":59},[49,154811,37809],{"class":104},[49,154813,108],{"class":63},[49,154815,249],{"class":94},[49,154817,272],{"class":63},[49,154819,154820],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,154821,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,154823,154824,154826,154828,154830],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,154825,105],{"class":104},[49,154827,108],{"class":63},[49,154829,40683],{"class":94},[49,154831,272],{"class":63},[20,154833,154834],{},[30,154835,275],{},[40,154837,154838],{"className":42,"code":48075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154839,154840],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154841,154842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154843,48075],{"class":67},[20,154845,154846,154847,91],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[308,154848,3010,154849,2943],{"href":41781},[15,154850,41784],{},[35,154852,127,154854,154856],{"id":154853},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154855,41784],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154858,154859,154860,154862],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154861,41784],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[528,154864,154866],{"id":154865},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[40,154868,154870],{"className":42,"code":154869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154871,154872,154904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154873,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154875,35661],{"class":55},[49,154877,60],{"class":59},[49,154879,8668],{"class":63},[49,154881,347],{"class":346},[49,154883,3510],{"class":350},[49,154885,347],{"class":346},[49,154887,71],{"class":63},[49,154889,357],{"class":346},[49,154891,3519],{"class":350},[49,154893,347],{"class":346},[49,154895,71],{"class":63},[49,154897,357],{"class":346},[49,154899,32644],{"class":350},[49,154901,347],{"class":346},[49,154903,272],{"class":63},[49,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154907,105],{"class":104},[49,154909,108],{"class":63},[49,154911,10592],{"class":104},[49,154913,108],{"class":63},[49,154915,35713],{"class":94},[49,154917,1182],{"class":63},[20,154919,154920],{},[30,154921,275],{},[40,154923,154924],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154925,154926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154927,154928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154929,46041],{"class":67},[528,154931,154933],{"id":154932},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[40,154935,154937],{"className":42,"code":154936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154938,154939,154948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154940,154941,154944,154946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154942,154943],{"class":55},"empty_tuple ",[49,154945,60],{"class":59},[49,154947,148615],{"class":63},[49,154949,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154961],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,154951,105],{"class":104},[49,154953,108],{"class":63},[49,154955,10592],{"class":104},[49,154957,108],{"class":63},[49,154959,154960],{"class":94},"empty_tuple",[49,154962,1182],{"class":63},[20,154964,154965],{},[30,154966,275],{},[40,154968,154969],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154970,154971],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154972,154973],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154974,46676],{"class":67},[528,154976,154978],{"id":154977},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[40,154980,154982],{"className":42,"code":154981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154983,154984,154997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154985,154986,154989,154991,154993,154995],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154987,154988],{"class":55},"single_value ",[49,154990,60],{"class":59},[49,154992,8668],{"class":63},[49,154994,1569],{"class":67},[49,154996,148629],{"class":63},[49,154998,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155010],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155000,105],{"class":104},[49,155002,108],{"class":63},[49,155004,10592],{"class":104},[49,155006,108],{"class":63},[49,155008,155009],{"class":94},"single_value",[49,155011,1182],{"class":63},[20,155013,155014],{},[30,155015,275],{},[40,155017,155018],{"className":42,"code":46341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155019,155020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155021,155022],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155023,46341],{"class":67},[528,155025,155027],{"id":155026},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155029,155030],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[40,155032,155034],{"className":42,"code":155033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155035,155036,155068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155037,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155039,8597],{"class":55},[49,155041,60],{"class":59},[49,155043,8668],{"class":63},[49,155045,68],{"class":67},[49,155047,71],{"class":63},[49,155049,8668],{"class":63},[49,155051,1488],{"class":67},[49,155053,71],{"class":63},[49,155055,79],{"class":67},[49,155057,8665],{"class":63},[49,155059,64],{"class":63},[49,155061,1936],{"class":67},[49,155063,71],{"class":63},[49,155065,4036],{"class":67},[49,155067,3319],{"class":63},[49,155069,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155071,105],{"class":104},[49,155073,108],{"class":63},[49,155075,10592],{"class":104},[49,155077,108],{"class":63},[49,155079,8636],{"class":94},[49,155081,1182],{"class":63},[20,155083,155084],{},[30,155085,275],{},[40,155087,155088],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155089,155090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155091,155092],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155093,46041],{"class":67},[20,155095,19380],{},[137,155097,155098,155103,155108],{},[140,155099,155100,155102],{},[15,155101,68],{}," is one item",[140,155104,155105,155102],{},[15,155106,155107],{},"(2, 3)",[140,155109,155110,155102],{},[15,155111,155112],{},"[4, 5]",[35,155114,155116],{"id":155115},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[528,155118,155120],{"id":155119},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[40,155122,155124],{"className":42,"code":155123,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155125,155126,155166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155127,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155129,12495],{"class":55},[49,155131,60],{"class":59},[49,155133,8668],{"class":63},[49,155135,347],{"class":346},[49,155137,12512],{"class":350},[49,155139,347],{"class":346},[49,155141,71],{"class":63},[49,155143,357],{"class":346},[49,155145,16877],{"class":350},[49,155147,347],{"class":346},[49,155149,71],{"class":63},[49,155151,357],{"class":346},[49,155153,12529],{"class":350},[49,155155,347],{"class":346},[49,155157,71],{"class":63},[49,155159,357],{"class":346},[49,155161,21946],{"class":350},[49,155163,347],{"class":346},[49,155165,272],{"class":63},[49,155167,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155169,105],{"class":104},[49,155171,108],{"class":63},[49,155173,10592],{"class":104},[49,155175,108],{"class":63},[49,155177,16924],{"class":94},[49,155179,1182],{"class":63},[20,155181,155182],{},[30,155183,275],{},[40,155185,155186],{"className":42,"code":48075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155187,155188],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155189,155190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155191,48075],{"class":67},[528,155193,154933],{"id":155194},"empty-tuple-1",[40,155196,155198],{"className":42,"code":155197,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155199,155200,155208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155201,155202,155204,155206],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155203,56],{"class":55},[49,155205,60],{"class":59},[49,155207,148615],{"class":63},[49,155209,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155211,105],{"class":104},[49,155213,108],{"class":63},[49,155215,10592],{"class":104},[49,155217,108],{"class":63},[49,155219,88],{"class":94},[49,155221,1182],{"class":63},[20,155223,155224],{},[30,155225,275],{},[40,155227,155228],{"className":42,"code":46676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155229,155230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155231,155232],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155233,46676],{"class":67},[528,155235,155237],{"id":155236},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155239,155240,155241,155243],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155242,329],{}," always a tuple.",[40,155245,155247],{"className":42,"code":155246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155248,155249,155261,155273,155277,155291,155305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155250,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155252,543],{"class":55},[49,155254,60],{"class":59},[49,155256,8668],{"class":63},[49,155258,1569],{"class":67},[49,155260,272],{"class":63},[49,155262,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155264,564],{"class":55},[49,155266,60],{"class":59},[49,155268,8668],{"class":63},[49,155270,1569],{"class":67},[49,155272,148629],{"class":63},[49,155274,155275],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155276,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,155278,155279,155281,155283,155285,155287,155289],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,155280,105],{"class":104},[49,155282,108],{"class":63},[49,155284,1175],{"class":1174},[49,155286,108],{"class":63},[49,155288,308],{"class":94},[49,155290,1182],{"class":63},[49,155292,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,155294,105],{"class":104},[49,155296,108],{"class":63},[49,155298,1175],{"class":1174},[49,155300,108],{"class":63},[49,155302,360],{"class":94},[49,155304,1182],{"class":63},[49,155306,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,155308,105],{"class":104},[49,155310,108],{"class":63},[49,155312,10592],{"class":104},[49,155314,108],{"class":63},[49,155316,360],{"class":94},[49,155318,1182],{"class":63},[20,155320,155321],{},[30,155322,275],{},[40,155324,155326],{"className":42,"code":155325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155327,155328,155342,155356],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155329,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155331,2723],{"class":59},[49,155333,2726],{"class":1497},[49,155335,2729],{"class":346},[49,155337,1621],{"class":350},[49,155339,2734],{"class":346},[49,155341,2737],{"class":59},[49,155343,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155345,2723],{"class":59},[49,155347,2726],{"class":1497},[49,155349,2729],{"class":346},[49,155351,48378],{"class":350},[49,155353,2734],{"class":346},[49,155355,2737],{"class":59},[49,155357,155358],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155359,46341],{"class":67},[20,155361,155362,155363,618,155366,91],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[308,155364,155365],{"href":147276},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[308,155367,148577],{"href":148576},[528,155369,155371],{"id":155370},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[40,155373,155375],{"className":42,"code":155374,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155376,155377,155421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155378,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155380,58755],{"class":55},[49,155382,60],{"class":59},[49,155384,8668],{"class":63},[49,155386,347],{"class":346},[49,155388,3510],{"class":350},[49,155390,347],{"class":346},[49,155392,71],{"class":63},[49,155394,64],{"class":63},[49,155396,68],{"class":67},[49,155398,71],{"class":63},[49,155400,74],{"class":67},[49,155402,17484],{"class":63},[49,155404,8668],{"class":63},[49,155406,347],{"class":346},[49,155408,1606],{"class":350},[49,155410,347],{"class":346},[49,155412,71],{"class":63},[49,155414,357],{"class":346},[49,155416,11169],{"class":350},[49,155418,347],{"class":346},[49,155420,1182],{"class":63},[49,155422,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155424,105],{"class":104},[49,155426,108],{"class":63},[49,155428,10592],{"class":104},[49,155430,108],{"class":63},[49,155432,58808],{"class":94},[49,155434,1182],{"class":63},[20,155436,155437],{},[30,155438,275],{},[40,155440,155441],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155442,155443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155444,155445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155446,46041],{"class":67},[20,155448,155449,155451],{},[15,155450,41784],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[35,155453,155455],{"id":155454},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[528,155457,155459,155461],{"id":155458},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155460,41784],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[40,155463,155465],{"className":42,"code":155464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155466,155467,155491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155468,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155470,3501],{"class":55},[49,155472,60],{"class":59},[49,155474,8668],{"class":63},[49,155476,347],{"class":346},[49,155478,62879],{"class":350},[49,155480,347],{"class":346},[49,155482,71],{"class":63},[49,155484,357],{"class":346},[49,155486,44],{"class":350},[49,155488,347],{"class":346},[49,155490,272],{"class":63},[49,155492,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155494,105],{"class":104},[49,155496,108],{"class":63},[49,155498,10592],{"class":104},[49,155500,108],{"class":63},[49,155502,3545],{"class":94},[49,155504,1182],{"class":63},[20,155506,155507],{},[30,155508,275],{},[40,155510,155511],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155512,155513],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155514,155515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155516,16479],{"class":67},[20,155518,155519,155520,155522],{},"This result is ",[15,155521,1488],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155524,155525],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[40,155527,155529],{"className":42,"code":155528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155530,155531,155555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155534,3501],{"class":55},[49,155536,60],{"class":59},[49,155538,8668],{"class":63},[49,155540,347],{"class":346},[49,155542,62879],{"class":350},[49,155544,347],{"class":346},[49,155546,71],{"class":63},[49,155548,357],{"class":346},[49,155550,44],{"class":350},[49,155552,347],{"class":346},[49,155554,272],{"class":63},[49,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155558,105],{"class":104},[49,155560,108],{"class":63},[49,155562,10592],{"class":104},[49,155564,108],{"class":63},[49,155566,3545],{"class":94},[49,155568,938],{"class":63},[49,155570,1552],{"class":67},[49,155572,2431],{"class":63},[20,155574,155575],{},[30,155576,275],{},[40,155578,155579],{"className":42,"code":16479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155580,155581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155582,155583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155584,16479],{"class":67},[20,155586,705,155587,155590,155591,91],{},[15,155588,155589],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155592,155593],{},"\"hi\"",[528,155595,155597,155599],{"id":155596},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155598,41784],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[40,155601,155603],{"className":42,"code":155602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155604,155605,155641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155606,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155608,3252],{"class":55},[49,155610,60],{"class":59},[49,155612,9427],{"class":63},[49,155614,68],{"class":67},[49,155616,71],{"class":63},[49,155618,74],{"class":67},[49,155620,8665],{"class":63},[49,155622,8668],{"class":63},[49,155624,1494],{"class":67},[49,155626,71],{"class":63},[49,155628,1888],{"class":67},[49,155630,8665],{"class":63},[49,155632,8668],{"class":63},[49,155634,1569],{"class":67},[49,155636,71],{"class":63},[49,155638,37067],{"class":67},[49,155640,1182],{"class":63},[49,155642,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155644,105],{"class":104},[49,155646,108],{"class":63},[49,155648,10592],{"class":104},[49,155650,108],{"class":63},[49,155652,4790],{"class":94},[49,155654,1182],{"class":63},[20,155656,155657],{},[30,155658,275],{},[40,155660,155661],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155662,155663],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155664,155665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155666,46041],{"class":67},[20,155668,155669],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[528,155671,155673],{"id":155672},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155675,25113],{},[40,155677,155679],{"className":42,"code":155678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155680,155681,155693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155682,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155684,1878],{"class":55},[49,155686,60],{"class":59},[49,155688,8668],{"class":63},[49,155690,221],{"class":67},[49,155692,272],{"class":63},[49,155694,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155696,105],{"class":104},[49,155698,108],{"class":63},[49,155700,1175],{"class":1174},[49,155702,108],{"class":63},[49,155704,1904],{"class":94},[49,155706,1182],{"class":63},[20,155708,155709],{},[30,155710,275],{},[40,155712,155714],{"className":42,"code":155713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155715,155716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155717,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155719,2723],{"class":59},[49,155721,2726],{"class":1497},[49,155723,2729],{"class":346},[49,155725,1621],{"class":350},[49,155727,2734],{"class":346},[49,155729,2737],{"class":59},[20,155731,155732],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[40,155734,155736],{"className":42,"code":155735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155737,155738,155750,155764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155739,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155741,1878],{"class":55},[49,155743,60],{"class":59},[49,155745,8668],{"class":63},[49,155747,221],{"class":67},[49,155749,148629],{"class":63},[49,155751,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155753,105],{"class":104},[49,155755,108],{"class":63},[49,155757,1175],{"class":1174},[49,155759,108],{"class":63},[49,155761,1904],{"class":94},[49,155763,1182],{"class":63},[49,155765,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155767,105],{"class":104},[49,155769,108],{"class":63},[49,155771,10592],{"class":104},[49,155773,108],{"class":63},[49,155775,1904],{"class":94},[49,155777,1182],{"class":63},[20,155779,155780],{},[30,155781,275],{},[40,155783,155785],{"className":42,"code":155784,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155786,155787,155801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155790,2723],{"class":59},[49,155792,2726],{"class":1497},[49,155794,2729],{"class":346},[49,155796,48378],{"class":350},[49,155798,2734],{"class":346},[49,155800,2737],{"class":59},[49,155802,155803],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155804,46341],{"class":67},[528,155806,155808,155810],{"id":155807},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155809,10592],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155812,43852,155813,155815],{},[15,155814,10592],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155817,43883],{},[40,155819,155821],{"className":42,"code":155820,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155822,155823,155831,155851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155824,155825,155827,155829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155826,10592],{"class":104},[49,155828,12696],{"class":59},[49,155830,2017],{"class":67},[49,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155834,214],{"class":55},[49,155836,60],{"class":59},[49,155838,8668],{"class":63},[49,155840,68],{"class":67},[49,155842,71],{"class":63},[49,155844,74],{"class":67},[49,155846,71],{"class":63},[49,155848,79],{"class":67},[49,155850,272],{"class":63},[49,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155854,105],{"class":104},[49,155856,108],{"class":63},[49,155858,10592],{"class":104},[49,155860,108],{"class":63},[49,155862,249],{"class":94},[49,155864,1182],{"class":63},[20,155866,39077,155867,155869],{},[15,155868,10592],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155871,155872],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[40,155874,155876],{"className":42,"code":155875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155877,155878,155887,155907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155879,155880,155883,155885],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155881,155882],{"class":55},"length_value ",[49,155884,60],{"class":59},[49,155886,2017],{"class":67},[49,155888,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155890,214],{"class":55},[49,155892,60],{"class":59},[49,155894,8668],{"class":63},[49,155896,68],{"class":67},[49,155898,71],{"class":63},[49,155900,74],{"class":67},[49,155902,71],{"class":63},[49,155904,79],{"class":67},[49,155906,272],{"class":63},[49,155908,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155910,105],{"class":104},[49,155912,108],{"class":63},[49,155914,10592],{"class":104},[49,155916,108],{"class":63},[49,155918,249],{"class":94},[49,155920,1182],{"class":63},[20,155922,155923],{},[30,155924,275],{},[40,155926,155927],{"className":42,"code":46041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155928,155929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155930,155931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155932,46041],{"class":67},[35,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155938,155939,155941],{},[15,155940,41784],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[528,155943,155945],{"id":155944},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[40,155947,155949],{"className":42,"code":155948,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155950,155951,155959,155963,155981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155952,155953,155955,155957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155954,56],{"class":55},[49,155956,60],{"class":59},[49,155958,148615],{"class":63},[49,155960,155961],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,155962,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,155964,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,155966,6431],{"class":3306},[49,155968,37809],{"class":104},[49,155970,108],{"class":63},[49,155972,88],{"class":94},[49,155974,113],{"class":63},[49,155976,5841],{"class":59},[49,155978,3263],{"class":67},[49,155980,5826],{"class":63},[49,155982,155983,155985,155987,155989,155992,155994],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,155984,7501],{"class":104},[49,155986,108],{"class":63},[49,155988,347],{"class":346},[49,155990,155991],{"class":350},"The tuple is empty",[49,155993,347],{"class":346},[49,155995,272],{"class":63},[20,155997,155998],{},[30,155999,275],{},[40,156001,156003],{"className":42,"code":156002,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156004,156005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156006,156007,156009,156011,156013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156008,1409],{"class":55},[49,156010,48378],{"class":1174},[49,156012,7529],{"class":59},[49,156014,7535],{"class":55},[528,156016,156018],{"id":156017},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[40,156020,156022],{"className":42,"code":156021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156023,156024,156040,156044,156062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156025,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156027,50810],{"class":55},[49,156029,60],{"class":59},[49,156031,8668],{"class":63},[49,156033,1936],{"class":67},[49,156035,71],{"class":63},[49,156037,5426],{"class":67},[49,156039,272],{"class":63},[49,156041,156042],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156043,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156045,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156047,6431],{"class":3306},[49,156049,37809],{"class":104},[49,156051,108],{"class":63},[49,156053,50835],{"class":94},[49,156055,113],{"class":63},[49,156057,5841],{"class":59},[49,156059,74],{"class":67},[49,156061,5826],{"class":63},[49,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156073,156075],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156065,7501],{"class":104},[49,156067,108],{"class":63},[49,156069,347],{"class":346},[49,156071,156072],{"class":350},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[49,156074,347],{"class":346},[49,156076,272],{"class":63},[20,156078,156079],{},[30,156080,275],{},[40,156082,156084],{"className":42,"code":156083,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156085,156086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156087,156088,156091,156093],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156089,156090],{"class":55},"This looks like an x",[49,156092,71],{"class":63},[49,156094,156095],{"class":55}," y coordinate\n",[528,156097,156099],{"id":156098},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[40,156101,156103],{"className":42,"code":156102,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156104,156105,156134,156138,156156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156130,156132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156108,10912],{"class":55},[49,156110,60],{"class":59},[49,156112,8668],{"class":63},[49,156114,347],{"class":346},[49,156116,12299],{"class":350},[49,156118,347],{"class":346},[49,156120,71],{"class":63},[49,156122,8738],{"class":67},[49,156124,71],{"class":63},[49,156126,357],{"class":346},[49,156128,156129],{"class":350},"Canada",[49,156131,347],{"class":346},[49,156133,272],{"class":63},[49,156135,156136],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156137,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156139,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156141,6431],{"class":3306},[49,156143,37809],{"class":104},[49,156145,108],{"class":63},[49,156147,11006],{"class":94},[49,156149,113],{"class":63},[49,156151,5841],{"class":59},[49,156153,79],{"class":67},[49,156155,5826],{"class":63},[49,156157,156158,156160,156162,156164,156167,156169],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156159,7501],{"class":104},[49,156161,108],{"class":63},[49,156163,347],{"class":346},[49,156165,156166],{"class":350},"User record has the expected number of values",[49,156168,347],{"class":346},[49,156170,272],{"class":63},[20,156172,156173],{},[30,156174,275],{},[40,156176,156178],{"className":42,"code":156177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156179,156180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156181,156182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156183,156177],{"class":55},[528,156185,156187],{"id":156186},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[40,156189,156191],{"className":42,"code":156190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156192,156193,156225,156229,156249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156194,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156196,35513],{"class":55},[49,156198,60],{"class":59},[49,156200,8668],{"class":63},[49,156202,347],{"class":346},[49,156204,308],{"class":350},[49,156206,347],{"class":346},[49,156208,71],{"class":63},[49,156210,357],{"class":346},[49,156212,360],{"class":350},[49,156214,347],{"class":346},[49,156216,71],{"class":63},[49,156218,357],{"class":346},[49,156220,369],{"class":350},[49,156222,347],{"class":346},[49,156224,272],{"class":63},[49,156226,156227],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156228,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156232,5391],{"class":3306},[49,156234,68832],{"class":55},[49,156236,3313],{"class":3306},[49,156238,53494],{"class":104},[49,156240,108],{"class":63},[49,156242,10592],{"class":104},[49,156244,108],{"class":63},[49,156246,35566],{"class":94},[49,156248,68847],{"class":63},[49,156250,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156252,7501],{"class":104},[49,156254,108],{"class":63},[49,156256,35577],{"class":94},[49,156258,71],{"class":63},[49,156260,69380],{"class":94},[49,156262,938],{"class":63},[49,156264,35577],{"class":94},[49,156266,3319],{"class":63},[20,156268,156269],{},[30,156270,275],{},[40,156272,156273],{"className":42,"code":35589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156274,156275,156281,156287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156276,156277,156279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156278,1552],{"class":67},[49,156280,569],{"class":55},[49,156282,156283,156285],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156284,68],{"class":67},[49,156286,35604],{"class":55},[49,156288,156289,156291],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156290,1488],{"class":67},[49,156292,35611],{"class":55},[20,156294,156295,156296,156298,156299,91],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[308,156297,148946],{"href":148945},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[308,156300,150190],{"href":150189},[35,156302,2261],{"id":2260},[20,156304,156305],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[137,156307,156308,156316,156323,156328],{},[140,156309,156310,156311,871,156314],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156312,156313],{},"(5)",[15,156315,148780],{},[140,156317,1092,156318,156320,156321],{},[15,156319,10592],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156322,41784],{},[140,156324,1011,156325,156327],{},[15,156326,41784],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[140,156329,156330],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156332,31505],{},[40,156334,156336],{"className":42,"code":156335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156337,156338,156348,156362,156376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156341,105],{"class":104},[49,156343,108],{"class":63},[49,156345,147291],{"class":94},[49,156347,272],{"class":63},[49,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156351,105],{"class":104},[49,156353,108],{"class":63},[49,156355,1175],{"class":1174},[49,156357,108],{"class":63},[49,156359,147291],{"class":94},[49,156361,1182],{"class":63},[49,156363,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156365,105],{"class":104},[49,156367,108],{"class":63},[49,156369,10592],{"class":104},[49,156371,108],{"class":63},[49,156373,147291],{"class":94},[49,156375,1182],{"class":63},[49,156377,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156379,31575],{"class":104},[49,156381,108],{"class":63},[49,156383,10592],{"class":104},[49,156385,272],{"class":63},[20,156387,154500],{},[137,156389,156390,156393,156396,156400],{},[140,156391,156392],{},"what value you are using",[140,156394,156395],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[140,156397,25442,156398,11129],{},[15,156399,41784],{},[140,156401,122664,156402,156404],{},[15,156403,41784],{}," is documented in Python",[35,156406,1253],{"id":1252},[528,156408,156410],{"id":156409},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156412,120,156413,156416],{},[15,156414,156415],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[528,156418,1257,156420,148450],{"id":156419},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156421,41784],{},[20,156423,45789,156424,156426],{},[15,156425,41784],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[528,156428,156430],{"id":156429},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156432,156433,156434,91],{},"The length is ",[15,156435,1552],{},[528,156437,156439],{"id":156438},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156441,150136,156442,156444],{},[15,156443,150139],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[528,156446,1257,156448,156450],{"id":156447},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156449,41784],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156452,156453],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[35,156455,1309],{"id":1308},[137,156457,156458,156464,156468,156472,156476],{},[140,156459,156460],{},[308,156461,3010,156462,2943],{"href":41781},[15,156463,41784],{},[140,156465,156466],{},[308,156467,155365],{"href":147276},[140,156469,156470],{},[308,156471,148946],{"href":148945},[140,156473,156474],{},[308,156475,150190],{"href":150189},[140,156477,156478],{},[308,156479,156480],{"href":148576},"What is a tuple in Python",[1352,156482,156483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":156485},[156486,156487,156488,156495,156501,156510,156516,156517,156526],{"id":14583,"depth":85,"text":14584},{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":154853,"depth":85,"text":156489,"children":156490},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156491,156492,156493,156494],{"id":154865,"depth":101,"text":154866},{"id":154932,"depth":101,"text":154933},{"id":154977,"depth":101,"text":154978},{"id":155026,"depth":101,"text":155027},{"id":155115,"depth":85,"text":155116,"children":156496},[156497,156498,156499,156500],{"id":155119,"depth":101,"text":155120},{"id":155194,"depth":101,"text":154933},{"id":155236,"depth":101,"text":155237},{"id":155370,"depth":101,"text":155371},{"id":155454,"depth":85,"text":155455,"children":156502},[156503,156505,156507,156508],{"id":155458,"depth":101,"text":156504},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155596,"depth":101,"text":156506},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155672,"depth":101,"text":155673},{"id":155807,"depth":101,"text":156509},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155935,"depth":85,"text":155936,"children":156511},[156512,156513,156514,156515],{"id":155944,"depth":101,"text":155945},{"id":156017,"depth":101,"text":156018},{"id":156098,"depth":101,"text":156099},{"id":156186,"depth":101,"text":156187},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":156518},[156519,156520,156522,156523,156524],{"id":156409,"depth":101,"text":156410},{"id":156419,"depth":101,"text":156521},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156429,"depth":101,"text":156430},{"id":156438,"depth":101,"text":156439},{"id":156447,"depth":101,"text":156525},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154637,"description":156527},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156534,"title":156535,"body":156536,"description":158921,"extension":1392,"meta":158922,"navigation":243,"path":158923,"seo":158924,"stem":158925,"__hash__":158926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156537,"toc":158882},[156538,156541,156544,156547,156570,156576,156578,156689,156693,156696,156706,156708,156807,156809,156886,156892,156896,156899,156922,156925,156942,156945,156947,157010,157012,157029,157040,157045,157047,157050,157056,157107,157109,157129,157133,157184,157186,157207,157211,157266,157268,157289,157293,157348,157350,157371,157375,157428,157430,157459,157461,157463,157466,157470,157527,157529,157550,157554,157607,157609,157634,157639,157643,157648,157666,157669,157732,157734,157755,157758,157819,157821,157842,157845,157888,157891,157895,157900,157904,157983,157985,158016,158020,158095,158097,158124,158128,158175,158177,158185,158190,158194,158197,158212,158214,158302,158304,158329,158332,158375,158384,158386,158389,158404,158407,158411,158465,158467,158487,158492,158496,158498,158536,158539,158589,158593,158666,158668,158705,158708,158710,158713,158733,158736,158805,158807,158820,158822,158826,158829,158833,158836,158841,158844,158850,158855,158857,158879],[10,156539,156535],{"id":156540},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156542,156543],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156545,156546],{},"Use this format:",[40,156548,156550],{"className":42,"code":156549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156551,156552],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156553,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156555,48378],{"class":55},[49,156557,938],{"class":63},[49,156559,35495],{"class":55},[49,156561,135],{"class":63},[49,156563,74710],{"class":55},[49,156565,135],{"class":63},[49,156567,74713],{"class":55},[49,156569,82],{"class":63},[20,156571,1409,156572,74746,156574,91],{},[15,156573,74710],{},[30,156575,64353],{},[35,156577,1434],{"id":1433},[40,156579,156581],{"className":42,"code":156580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156582,156583,156611,156615,156636,156653,156670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156584,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156586,214],{"class":55},[49,156588,60],{"class":59},[49,156590,8668],{"class":63},[49,156592,221],{"class":67},[49,156594,71],{"class":63},[49,156596,226],{"class":67},[49,156598,71],{"class":63},[49,156600,231],{"class":67},[49,156602,71],{"class":63},[49,156604,236],{"class":67},[49,156606,71],{"class":63},[49,156608,4511],{"class":67},[49,156610,272],{"class":63},[49,156612,156613],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156614,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156616,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156618,105],{"class":104},[49,156620,108],{"class":63},[49,156622,249],{"class":94},[49,156624,938],{"class":63},[49,156626,68],{"class":67},[49,156628,135],{"class":63},[49,156630,1936],{"class":67},[49,156632,19869],{"class":63},[49,156634,156635],{"class":116},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[49,156637,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156639,105],{"class":104},[49,156641,108],{"class":63},[49,156643,249],{"class":94},[49,156645,74819],{"class":63},[49,156647,1494],{"class":67},[49,156649,19869],{"class":63},[49,156651,156652],{"class":116},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[49,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,156656,105],{"class":104},[49,156658,108],{"class":63},[49,156660,249],{"class":94},[49,156662,73406],{"class":63},[49,156664,1488],{"class":67},[49,156666,19869],{"class":63},[49,156668,156669],{"class":116},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[49,156671,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,156673,105],{"class":104},[49,156675,108],{"class":63},[49,156677,249],{"class":94},[49,156679,73406],{"class":63},[49,156681,1453],{"class":59},[49,156683,68],{"class":67},[49,156685,19869],{"class":63},[49,156687,156688],{"class":116},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[35,156690,156692],{"id":156691},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156694,156695],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[137,156697,156698,156700,156703],{},[140,156699,75013],{},[140,156701,156702],{},"The result is a new tuple",[140,156704,156705],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156707,761],{},[40,156709,156711],{"className":42,"code":156710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156712,156713,156761,156765,156783,156787,156797],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156714,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156716,35513],{"class":55},[49,156718,60],{"class":59},[49,156720,8668],{"class":63},[49,156722,347],{"class":346},[49,156724,308],{"class":350},[49,156726,347],{"class":346},[49,156728,71],{"class":63},[49,156730,357],{"class":346},[49,156732,360],{"class":350},[49,156734,347],{"class":346},[49,156736,71],{"class":63},[49,156738,357],{"class":346},[49,156740,369],{"class":350},[49,156742,347],{"class":346},[49,156744,71],{"class":63},[49,156746,357],{"class":346},[49,156748,18190],{"class":350},[49,156750,347],{"class":346},[49,156752,71],{"class":63},[49,156754,357],{"class":346},[49,156756,59730],{"class":350},[49,156758,347],{"class":346},[49,156760,272],{"class":63},[49,156762,156763],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156764,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156766,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156768,74943],{"class":55},[49,156770,60],{"class":59},[49,156772,69380],{"class":55},[49,156774,938],{"class":63},[49,156776,68],{"class":67},[49,156778,135],{"class":63},[49,156780,1936],{"class":67},[49,156782,82],{"class":63},[49,156784,156785],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,156786,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156788,156789,156791,156793,156795],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,156790,105],{"class":104},[49,156792,108],{"class":63},[49,156794,74966],{"class":94},[49,156796,272],{"class":63},[49,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,156800,105],{"class":104},[49,156802,108],{"class":63},[49,156804,35566],{"class":94},[49,156806,272],{"class":63},[20,156808,275],{},[40,156810,156812],{"className":42,"code":156811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156813,156814,156842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156815,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156817,108],{"class":63},[49,156819,2734],{"class":346},[49,156821,360],{"class":350},[49,156823,2734],{"class":346},[49,156825,71],{"class":63},[49,156827,2729],{"class":346},[49,156829,369],{"class":350},[49,156831,2734],{"class":346},[49,156833,71],{"class":63},[49,156835,2729],{"class":346},[49,156837,18190],{"class":350},[49,156839,2734],{"class":346},[49,156841,272],{"class":63},[49,156843,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156845,108],{"class":63},[49,156847,2734],{"class":346},[49,156849,308],{"class":350},[49,156851,2734],{"class":346},[49,156853,71],{"class":63},[49,156855,2729],{"class":346},[49,156857,360],{"class":350},[49,156859,2734],{"class":346},[49,156861,71],{"class":63},[49,156863,2729],{"class":346},[49,156865,369],{"class":350},[49,156867,2734],{"class":346},[49,156869,71],{"class":63},[49,156871,2729],{"class":346},[49,156873,18190],{"class":350},[49,156875,2734],{"class":346},[49,156877,71],{"class":63},[49,156879,2729],{"class":346},[49,156881,59730],{"class":350},[49,156883,2734],{"class":346},[49,156885,272],{"class":63},[20,156887,156888,156889,91],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[308,156890,147273],{"href":156891},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[35,156893,156895],{"id":156894},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156897,156898],{},"The full syntax is:",[40,156900,156902],{"className":42,"code":156901,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156903,156904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156905,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156907,147291],{"class":55},[49,156909,938],{"class":63},[49,156911,35495],{"class":55},[49,156913,135],{"class":63},[49,156915,74710],{"class":55},[49,156917,135],{"class":63},[49,156919,74713],{"class":55},[49,156921,82],{"class":63},[20,156923,156924],{},"Each part has a job:",[137,156926,156927,156932,156937],{},[140,156928,156929,156931],{},[15,156930,35495],{},": where slicing begins",[140,156933,156934,156936],{},[15,156935,74710],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[140,156938,156939,156941],{},[15,156940,74713],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156943,156944],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156946,761],{},[40,156948,156950],{"className":42,"code":156949,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156951,156952,156984,156988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156953,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156955,214],{"class":55},[49,156957,60],{"class":59},[49,156959,8668],{"class":63},[49,156961,221],{"class":67},[49,156963,71],{"class":63},[49,156965,226],{"class":67},[49,156967,71],{"class":63},[49,156969,231],{"class":67},[49,156971,71],{"class":63},[49,156973,236],{"class":67},[49,156975,71],{"class":63},[49,156977,4511],{"class":67},[49,156979,71],{"class":63},[49,156981,75384],{"class":67},[49,156983,272],{"class":63},[49,156985,156986],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,156987,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,156989,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,156991,105],{"class":104},[49,156993,108],{"class":63},[49,156995,249],{"class":94},[49,156997,938],{"class":63},[49,156999,68],{"class":67},[49,157001,135],{"class":63},[49,157003,1569],{"class":67},[49,157005,135],{"class":63},[49,157007,1488],{"class":67},[49,157009,3319],{"class":63},[20,157011,275],{},[40,157013,157015],{"className":42,"code":157014,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157016,157017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157018,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157020,108],{"class":63},[49,157022,15176],{"class":67},[49,157024,71],{"class":63},[49,157026,236],{"class":67},[49,157028,272],{"class":63},[20,157030,157031,157032,157034,157035,157037,157038,91],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157033,68],{},", stops before index ",[15,157036,1569],{},", and moves by ",[15,157039,1488],{},[20,157041,157042,157043,91],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[308,157044,148946],{"href":152372},[35,157046,75300],{"id":75299},[20,157048,157049],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[528,157051,157053,157054,387],{"id":157052},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157055,75314],{},[40,157057,157059],{"className":42,"code":157058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157060,157061,157089,157093],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157062,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157064,214],{"class":55},[49,157066,60],{"class":59},[49,157068,8668],{"class":63},[49,157070,221],{"class":67},[49,157072,71],{"class":63},[49,157074,226],{"class":67},[49,157076,71],{"class":63},[49,157078,231],{"class":67},[49,157080,71],{"class":63},[49,157082,236],{"class":67},[49,157084,71],{"class":63},[49,157086,4511],{"class":67},[49,157088,272],{"class":63},[49,157090,157091],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157092,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157094,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157096,105],{"class":104},[49,157098,108],{"class":63},[49,157100,249],{"class":94},[49,157102,74819],{"class":63},[49,157104,1494],{"class":67},[49,157106,3319],{"class":63},[20,157108,275],{},[40,157110,157111],{"className":42,"code":150638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,157112,157113],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157114,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157116,108],{"class":63},[49,157118,221],{"class":67},[49,157120,71],{"class":63},[49,157122,226],{"class":67},[49,157124,71],{"class":63},[49,157126,231],{"class":67},[49,157128,272],{"class":63},[528,157130,157132],{"id":157131},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[40,157134,157136],{"className":42,"code":157135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157137,157138,157166,157170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157139,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157141,214],{"class":55},[49,157143,60],{"class":59},[49,157145,8668],{"class":63},[49,157147,221],{"class":67},[49,157149,71],{"class":63},[49,157151,226],{"class":67},[49,157153,71],{"class":63},[49,157155,231],{"class":67},[49,157157,71],{"class":63},[49,157159,236],{"class":67},[49,157161,71],{"class":63},[49,157163,4511],{"class":67},[49,157165,272],{"class":63},[49,157167,157168],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157169,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157171,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157173,105],{"class":104},[49,157175,108],{"class":63},[49,157177,249],{"class":94},[49,157179,938],{"class":63},[49,157181,1488],{"class":67},[49,157183,77000],{"class":63},[20,157185,275],{},[40,157187,157189],{"className":42,"code":157188,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157190,157191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157192,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157194,108],{"class":63},[49,157196,36264],{"class":67},[49,157198,71],{"class":63},[49,157200,236],{"class":67},[49,157202,71],{"class":63},[49,157204,4511],{"class":67},[49,157206,272],{"class":63},[528,157208,157210],{"id":157209},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[40,157212,157214],{"className":42,"code":157213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157215,157216,157244,157248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157217,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157219,214],{"class":55},[49,157221,60],{"class":59},[49,157223,8668],{"class":63},[49,157225,221],{"class":67},[49,157227,71],{"class":63},[49,157229,226],{"class":67},[49,157231,71],{"class":63},[49,157233,231],{"class":67},[49,157235,71],{"class":63},[49,157237,236],{"class":67},[49,157239,71],{"class":63},[49,157241,4511],{"class":67},[49,157243,272],{"class":63},[49,157245,157246],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157247,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157251,105],{"class":104},[49,157253,108],{"class":63},[49,157255,249],{"class":94},[49,157257,938],{"class":63},[49,157259,68],{"class":67},[49,157261,135],{"class":63},[49,157263,1936],{"class":67},[49,157265,3319],{"class":63},[20,157267,275],{},[40,157269,157271],{"className":42,"code":157270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157272,157273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157274,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157276,108],{"class":63},[49,157278,15176],{"class":67},[49,157280,71],{"class":63},[49,157282,231],{"class":67},[49,157284,71],{"class":63},[49,157286,236],{"class":67},[49,157288,272],{"class":63},[528,157290,157292],{"id":157291},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[40,157294,157296],{"className":42,"code":157295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157297,157298,157330,157334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157299,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157301,214],{"class":55},[49,157303,60],{"class":59},[49,157305,8668],{"class":63},[49,157307,221],{"class":67},[49,157309,71],{"class":63},[49,157311,226],{"class":67},[49,157313,71],{"class":63},[49,157315,231],{"class":67},[49,157317,71],{"class":63},[49,157319,236],{"class":67},[49,157321,71],{"class":63},[49,157323,4511],{"class":67},[49,157325,71],{"class":63},[49,157327,75384],{"class":67},[49,157329,272],{"class":63},[49,157331,157332],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157333,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157337,105],{"class":104},[49,157339,108],{"class":63},[49,157341,249],{"class":94},[49,157343,73406],{"class":63},[49,157345,1488],{"class":67},[49,157347,3319],{"class":63},[20,157349,275],{},[40,157351,157353],{"className":42,"code":157352,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157354,157355],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157356,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157358,108],{"class":63},[49,157360,221],{"class":67},[49,157362,71],{"class":63},[49,157364,231],{"class":67},[49,157366,71],{"class":63},[49,157368,4511],{"class":67},[49,157370,272],{"class":63},[528,157372,157374],{"id":157373},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[40,157376,157378],{"className":42,"code":157377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157379,157380,157408,157412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157381,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157383,214],{"class":55},[49,157385,60],{"class":59},[49,157387,8668],{"class":63},[49,157389,221],{"class":67},[49,157391,71],{"class":63},[49,157393,226],{"class":67},[49,157395,71],{"class":63},[49,157397,231],{"class":67},[49,157399,71],{"class":63},[49,157401,236],{"class":67},[49,157403,71],{"class":63},[49,157405,4511],{"class":67},[49,157407,272],{"class":63},[49,157409,157410],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157411,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157413,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157415,105],{"class":104},[49,157417,108],{"class":63},[49,157419,249],{"class":94},[49,157421,73406],{"class":63},[49,157423,1453],{"class":59},[49,157425,68],{"class":67},[49,157427,3319],{"class":63},[20,157429,275],{},[40,157431,157433],{"className":42,"code":157432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157434,157435],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157436,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157438,108],{"class":63},[49,157440,76078],{"class":67},[49,157442,71],{"class":63},[49,157444,236],{"class":67},[49,157446,71],{"class":63},[49,157448,231],{"class":67},[49,157450,71],{"class":63},[49,157452,226],{"class":67},[49,157454,71],{"class":63},[49,157456,5437],{"class":67},[49,157458,272],{"class":63},[35,157460,75594],{"id":75593},[20,157462,153645],{},[20,157464,157465],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[528,157467,157469],{"id":157468},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[40,157471,157473],{"className":42,"code":157472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157474,157475,157507,157511],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157476,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157478,214],{"class":55},[49,157480,60],{"class":59},[49,157482,8668],{"class":63},[49,157484,221],{"class":67},[49,157486,71],{"class":63},[49,157488,226],{"class":67},[49,157490,71],{"class":63},[49,157492,231],{"class":67},[49,157494,71],{"class":63},[49,157496,236],{"class":67},[49,157498,71],{"class":63},[49,157500,4511],{"class":67},[49,157502,71],{"class":63},[49,157504,75384],{"class":67},[49,157506,272],{"class":63},[49,157508,157509],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157510,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157514,105],{"class":104},[49,157516,108],{"class":63},[49,157518,249],{"class":94},[49,157520,938],{"class":63},[49,157522,1453],{"class":59},[49,157524,1494],{"class":67},[49,157526,77000],{"class":63},[20,157528,275],{},[40,157530,157532],{"className":42,"code":157531,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157533,157534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157535,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157537,108],{"class":63},[49,157539,55974],{"class":67},[49,157541,71],{"class":63},[49,157543,4511],{"class":67},[49,157545,71],{"class":63},[49,157547,75384],{"class":67},[49,157549,272],{"class":63},[528,157551,157553],{"id":157552},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[40,157555,157557],{"className":42,"code":157556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157558,157559,157587,157591],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157560,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157562,214],{"class":55},[49,157564,60],{"class":59},[49,157566,8668],{"class":63},[49,157568,221],{"class":67},[49,157570,71],{"class":63},[49,157572,226],{"class":67},[49,157574,71],{"class":63},[49,157576,231],{"class":67},[49,157578,71],{"class":63},[49,157580,236],{"class":67},[49,157582,71],{"class":63},[49,157584,4511],{"class":67},[49,157586,272],{"class":63},[49,157588,157589],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157590,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157592,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157594,105],{"class":104},[49,157596,108],{"class":63},[49,157598,249],{"class":94},[49,157600,74819],{"class":63},[49,157602,1453],{"class":59},[49,157604,68],{"class":67},[49,157606,3319],{"class":63},[20,157608,275],{},[40,157610,157612],{"className":42,"code":157611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157613,157614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157617,108],{"class":63},[49,157619,221],{"class":67},[49,157621,71],{"class":63},[49,157623,226],{"class":67},[49,157625,71],{"class":63},[49,157627,231],{"class":67},[49,157629,71],{"class":63},[49,157631,236],{"class":67},[49,157633,272],{"class":63},[20,157635,157636,157637,91],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[308,157638,150195],{"href":156529},[35,157640,157642],{"id":157641},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157644,1409,157645,157647],{},[15,157646,74713],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[137,157649,157650,157652,157654,157660],{},[140,157651,75850],{},[140,157653,75853],{},[140,157655,157656,157659],{},[15,157657,157658],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[140,157661,157662,157663,157665],{},"A step of ",[15,157664,1552],{}," is not allowed",[20,157667,157668],{},"Example with a positive step:",[40,157670,157672],{"className":42,"code":157671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157673,157674,157706,157710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157675,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157677,214],{"class":55},[49,157679,60],{"class":59},[49,157681,8668],{"class":63},[49,157683,221],{"class":67},[49,157685,71],{"class":63},[49,157687,226],{"class":67},[49,157689,71],{"class":63},[49,157691,231],{"class":67},[49,157693,71],{"class":63},[49,157695,236],{"class":67},[49,157697,71],{"class":63},[49,157699,4511],{"class":67},[49,157701,71],{"class":63},[49,157703,75384],{"class":67},[49,157705,272],{"class":63},[49,157707,157708],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157709,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157711,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157713,105],{"class":104},[49,157715,108],{"class":63},[49,157717,249],{"class":94},[49,157719,938],{"class":63},[49,157721,68],{"class":67},[49,157723,135],{"class":63},[49,157725,79878],{"class":67},[49,157727,135],{"class":63},[49,157729,1488],{"class":67},[49,157731,3319],{"class":63},[20,157733,275],{},[40,157735,157737],{"className":42,"code":157736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157738,157739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157740,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157742,108],{"class":63},[49,157744,15176],{"class":67},[49,157746,71],{"class":63},[49,157748,236],{"class":67},[49,157750,71],{"class":63},[49,157752,75384],{"class":67},[49,157754,272],{"class":63},[20,157756,157757],{},"Example with a negative step:",[40,157759,157761],{"className":42,"code":157760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157762,157763,157791,157795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157764,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157766,214],{"class":55},[49,157768,60],{"class":59},[49,157770,8668],{"class":63},[49,157772,221],{"class":67},[49,157774,71],{"class":63},[49,157776,226],{"class":67},[49,157778,71],{"class":63},[49,157780,231],{"class":67},[49,157782,71],{"class":63},[49,157784,236],{"class":67},[49,157786,71],{"class":63},[49,157788,4511],{"class":67},[49,157790,272],{"class":63},[49,157792,157793],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157794,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157796,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157798,105],{"class":104},[49,157800,108],{"class":63},[49,157802,249],{"class":94},[49,157804,938],{"class":63},[49,157806,1936],{"class":67},[49,157808,135],{"class":63},[49,157810,68],{"class":67},[49,157812,135],{"class":63},[49,157814,1453],{"class":59},[49,157816,68],{"class":67},[49,157818,3319],{"class":63},[20,157820,275],{},[40,157822,157824],{"className":42,"code":157823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157825,157826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157827,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157829,108],{"class":63},[49,157831,76078],{"class":67},[49,157833,71],{"class":63},[49,157835,236],{"class":67},[49,157837,71],{"class":63},[49,157839,231],{"class":67},[49,157841,272],{"class":63},[20,157843,157844],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[40,157846,157848],{"className":42,"code":157847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157849,157850,157870,157874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157851,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157853,214],{"class":55},[49,157855,60],{"class":59},[49,157857,8668],{"class":63},[49,157859,221],{"class":67},[49,157861,71],{"class":63},[49,157863,226],{"class":67},[49,157865,71],{"class":63},[49,157867,231],{"class":67},[49,157869,272],{"class":63},[49,157871,157872],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157873,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157875,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157877,105],{"class":104},[49,157879,108],{"class":63},[49,157881,249],{"class":94},[49,157883,73406],{"class":63},[49,157885,1552],{"class":67},[49,157887,3319],{"class":63},[20,157889,157890],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[35,157892,157894],{"id":157893},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157896,157897,157898,33163],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,157899,48378],{},[528,157901,157903],{"id":157902},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[40,157905,157907],{"className":42,"code":157906,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157908,157909,157933,157937,157955,157959,157969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157912,214],{"class":55},[49,157914,60],{"class":59},[49,157916,8668],{"class":63},[49,157918,221],{"class":67},[49,157920,71],{"class":63},[49,157922,226],{"class":67},[49,157924,71],{"class":63},[49,157926,231],{"class":67},[49,157928,71],{"class":63},[49,157930,236],{"class":67},[49,157932,272],{"class":63},[49,157934,157935],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,157936,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,157940,382],{"class":55},[49,157942,60],{"class":59},[49,157944,3695],{"class":55},[49,157946,938],{"class":63},[49,157948,68],{"class":67},[49,157950,135],{"class":63},[49,157952,1494],{"class":67},[49,157954,82],{"class":63},[49,157956,157957],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,157958,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,157962,105],{"class":104},[49,157964,108],{"class":63},[49,157966,420],{"class":94},[49,157968,272],{"class":63},[49,157970,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,157972,105],{"class":104},[49,157974,108],{"class":63},[49,157976,1175],{"class":1174},[49,157978,108],{"class":63},[49,157980,420],{"class":94},[49,157982,1182],{"class":63},[20,157984,275],{},[40,157986,157988],{"className":42,"code":157987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157989,157990,158002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157993,108],{"class":63},[49,157995,15176],{"class":67},[49,157997,71],{"class":63},[49,157999,231],{"class":67},[49,158001,272],{"class":63},[49,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158005,2723],{"class":59},[49,158007,2726],{"class":1497},[49,158009,2729],{"class":346},[49,158011,48378],{"class":350},[49,158013,2734],{"class":346},[49,158015,2737],{"class":59},[528,158017,158019],{"id":158018},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[40,158021,158023],{"className":42,"code":158022,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158024,158025,158045,158049,158067,158071,158081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158026,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158028,214],{"class":55},[49,158030,60],{"class":59},[49,158032,8668],{"class":63},[49,158034,221],{"class":67},[49,158036,71],{"class":63},[49,158038,226],{"class":67},[49,158040,71],{"class":63},[49,158042,231],{"class":67},[49,158044,272],{"class":63},[49,158046,158047],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158048,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158050,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158052,382],{"class":55},[49,158054,60],{"class":59},[49,158056,3695],{"class":55},[49,158058,938],{"class":63},[49,158060,68],{"class":67},[49,158062,135],{"class":63},[49,158064,1488],{"class":67},[49,158066,82],{"class":63},[49,158068,158069],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,158070,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,158074,105],{"class":104},[49,158076,108],{"class":63},[49,158078,420],{"class":94},[49,158080,272],{"class":63},[49,158082,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,158084,105],{"class":104},[49,158086,108],{"class":63},[49,158088,1175],{"class":1174},[49,158090,108],{"class":63},[49,158092,420],{"class":94},[49,158094,1182],{"class":63},[20,158096,275],{},[40,158098,158100],{"className":42,"code":158099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158101,158102,158110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158103,158104,158106,158108],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158105,108],{"class":63},[49,158107,15176],{"class":67},[49,158109,148629],{"class":63},[49,158111,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158113,2723],{"class":59},[49,158115,2726],{"class":1497},[49,158117,2729],{"class":346},[49,158119,48378],{"class":350},[49,158121,2734],{"class":346},[49,158123,2737],{"class":59},[528,158125,158127],{"id":158126},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[40,158129,158131],{"className":42,"code":158130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158132,158133,158153,158157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158136,214],{"class":55},[49,158138,60],{"class":59},[49,158140,8668],{"class":63},[49,158142,221],{"class":67},[49,158144,71],{"class":63},[49,158146,226],{"class":67},[49,158148,71],{"class":63},[49,158150,231],{"class":67},[49,158152,272],{"class":63},[49,158154,158155],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158156,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158158,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158160,105],{"class":104},[49,158162,108],{"class":63},[49,158164,249],{"class":94},[49,158166,938],{"class":63},[49,158168,1569],{"class":67},[49,158170,135],{"class":63},[49,158172,1777],{"class":67},[49,158174,3319],{"class":63},[20,158176,275],{},[40,158178,158179],{"className":42,"code":98,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158180,158181],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158182,158183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158184,98],{"class":63},[20,158186,158187,158188,91],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[308,158189,155365],{"href":150252},[35,158191,158193],{"id":158192},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158195,158196],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[137,158198,158199,158201,158204,158209],{},[140,158200,76159],{},[140,158202,158203],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[140,158205,158206,158207],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158208,70015],{},[140,158210,158211],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158213,761],{},[40,158215,158217],{"className":42,"code":158216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158218,158219,158239,158243,158260,158281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158220,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158222,214],{"class":55},[49,158224,60],{"class":59},[49,158226,8668],{"class":63},[49,158228,221],{"class":67},[49,158230,71],{"class":63},[49,158232,226],{"class":67},[49,158234,71],{"class":63},[49,158236,231],{"class":67},[49,158238,272],{"class":63},[49,158240,158241],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158242,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158244,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158246,105],{"class":104},[49,158248,108],{"class":63},[49,158250,249],{"class":94},[49,158252,938],{"class":63},[49,158254,68],{"class":67},[49,158256,19869],{"class":63},[49,158258,158259],{"class":116},"    # one item\n",[49,158261,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,158263,105],{"class":104},[49,158265,108],{"class":63},[49,158267,249],{"class":94},[49,158269,938],{"class":63},[49,158271,68],{"class":67},[49,158273,135],{"class":63},[49,158275,1569],{"class":67},[49,158277,19869],{"class":63},[49,158279,158280],{"class":116},"  # slice\n",[49,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,158284,105],{"class":104},[49,158286,108],{"class":63},[49,158288,249],{"class":94},[49,158290,938],{"class":63},[49,158292,1569],{"class":67},[49,158294,135],{"class":63},[49,158296,1777],{"class":67},[49,158298,19869],{"class":63},[49,158300,158301],{"class":116},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158303,275],{},[40,158305,158307],{"className":42,"code":158306,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158308,158309,158313,158325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158310,158311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158312,70508],{"class":67},[49,158314,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158316,108],{"class":63},[49,158318,15176],{"class":67},[49,158320,71],{"class":63},[49,158322,231],{"class":67},[49,158324,272],{"class":63},[49,158326,158327],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158328,98],{"class":63},[20,158330,158331],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[40,158333,158335],{"className":42,"code":158334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158336,158337,158357,158361],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158340,214],{"class":55},[49,158342,60],{"class":59},[49,158344,8668],{"class":63},[49,158346,221],{"class":67},[49,158348,71],{"class":63},[49,158350,226],{"class":67},[49,158352,71],{"class":63},[49,158354,231],{"class":67},[49,158356,272],{"class":63},[49,158358,158359],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158360,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158362,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158364,105],{"class":104},[49,158366,108],{"class":63},[49,158368,249],{"class":94},[49,158370,938],{"class":63},[49,158372,1569],{"class":67},[49,158374,3319],{"class":63},[20,158376,158377,158378,158380,158381,91],{},"This raises an ",[15,158379,70015],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[308,158382,154118],{"href":158383},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[35,158385,14598],{"id":76426},[20,158387,158388],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[137,158390,158391,158394,158396,158399],{},[140,158392,158393],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[140,158395,59975],{},[140,158397,158398],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[140,158400,158401,158402],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158403,1552],{},[20,158405,158406],{},"Here are a few examples.",[528,158408,158410],{"id":158409},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[40,158412,158413],{"className":42,"code":157213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158414,158415,158443,158447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158416,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158418,214],{"class":55},[49,158420,60],{"class":59},[49,158422,8668],{"class":63},[49,158424,221],{"class":67},[49,158426,71],{"class":63},[49,158428,226],{"class":67},[49,158430,71],{"class":63},[49,158432,231],{"class":67},[49,158434,71],{"class":63},[49,158436,236],{"class":67},[49,158438,71],{"class":63},[49,158440,4511],{"class":67},[49,158442,272],{"class":63},[49,158444,158445],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158446,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158448,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158450,105],{"class":104},[49,158452,108],{"class":63},[49,158454,249],{"class":94},[49,158456,938],{"class":63},[49,158458,68],{"class":67},[49,158460,135],{"class":63},[49,158462,1936],{"class":67},[49,158464,3319],{"class":63},[20,158466,275],{},[40,158468,158469],{"className":42,"code":157270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158470,158471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158472,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158474,108],{"class":63},[49,158476,15176],{"class":67},[49,158478,71],{"class":63},[49,158480,231],{"class":67},[49,158482,71],{"class":63},[49,158484,236],{"class":67},[49,158486,272],{"class":63},[20,158488,131697,158489,158491],{},[15,158490,1936],{}," is not included.",[528,158493,158495],{"id":158494},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158497,3956],{},[40,158499,158501],{"className":42,"code":158500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158502,158503,158527,158531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158504,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158506,214],{"class":55},[49,158508,60],{"class":59},[49,158510,8668],{"class":63},[49,158512,221],{"class":67},[49,158514,71],{"class":63},[49,158516,226],{"class":67},[49,158518,71],{"class":63},[49,158520,231],{"class":67},[49,158522,71],{"class":63},[49,158524,236],{"class":67},[49,158526,272],{"class":63},[49,158528,158529],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158530,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158532,158533],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158534,158535],{"class":116},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158537,158538],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[40,158540,158541],{"className":42,"code":154198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158542,158543,158567,158571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158546,214],{"class":55},[49,158548,60],{"class":59},[49,158550,8668],{"class":63},[49,158552,221],{"class":67},[49,158554,71],{"class":63},[49,158556,226],{"class":67},[49,158558,71],{"class":63},[49,158560,231],{"class":67},[49,158562,71],{"class":63},[49,158564,236],{"class":67},[49,158566,272],{"class":63},[49,158568,158569],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158570,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158572,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158574,105],{"class":104},[49,158576,108],{"class":63},[49,158578,249],{"class":94},[49,158580,938],{"class":63},[49,158582,68],{"class":67},[49,158584,135],{"class":63},[49,158586,1494],{"class":67},[49,158588,3319],{"class":63},[528,158590,158592],{"id":158591},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[40,158594,158596],{"className":42,"code":158595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158597,158598,158622,158626,158641,158645,158656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158599,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158601,214],{"class":55},[49,158603,60],{"class":59},[49,158605,8668],{"class":63},[49,158607,221],{"class":67},[49,158609,71],{"class":63},[49,158611,226],{"class":67},[49,158613,71],{"class":63},[49,158615,231],{"class":67},[49,158617,71],{"class":63},[49,158619,236],{"class":67},[49,158621,272],{"class":63},[49,158623,158624],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158625,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158627,158628,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158629,158630],{"class":55},"slice_result ",[49,158632,60],{"class":59},[49,158634,3695],{"class":55},[49,158636,74819],{"class":63},[49,158638,1488],{"class":67},[49,158640,82],{"class":63},[49,158642,158643],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,158644,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,158646,158647,158649,158651,158654],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,158648,105],{"class":104},[49,158650,108],{"class":63},[49,158652,158653],{"class":94},"slice_result",[49,158655,272],{"class":63},[49,158657,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,158659,105],{"class":104},[49,158661,108],{"class":63},[49,158663,249],{"class":94},[49,158665,272],{"class":63},[20,158667,275],{},[40,158669,158671],{"className":42,"code":158670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158672,158673,158685],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158676,108],{"class":63},[49,158678,221],{"class":67},[49,158680,71],{"class":63},[49,158682,226],{"class":67},[49,158684,272],{"class":63},[49,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158688,108],{"class":63},[49,158690,221],{"class":67},[49,158692,71],{"class":63},[49,158694,226],{"class":67},[49,158696,71],{"class":63},[49,158698,231],{"class":67},[49,158700,71],{"class":63},[49,158702,236],{"class":67},[49,158704,272],{"class":63},[20,158706,158707],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[35,158709,113011],{"id":113010},[20,158711,158712],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[137,158714,158715,158718,158721,158727,158730],{},[140,158716,158717],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[140,158719,158720],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[140,158722,158723,158724],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158725,158726],{},"tuple[::0]",[140,158728,158729],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[140,158731,158732],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158734,158735],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[40,158737,158739],{"className":42,"code":158738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158740,158741,158751,158769,158791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158742,158743,158745,158747,158749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158744,105],{"class":104},[49,158746,108],{"class":63},[49,158748,147291],{"class":94},[49,158750,272],{"class":63},[49,158752,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,158754,105],{"class":104},[49,158756,108],{"class":63},[49,158758,147291],{"class":94},[49,158760,938],{"class":63},[49,158762,68],{"class":67},[49,158764,135],{"class":63},[49,158766,1936],{"class":67},[49,158768,3319],{"class":63},[49,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,158772,105],{"class":104},[49,158774,108],{"class":63},[49,158776,1175],{"class":1174},[49,158778,108],{"class":63},[49,158780,147291],{"class":94},[49,158782,938],{"class":63},[49,158784,68],{"class":67},[49,158786,135],{"class":63},[49,158788,1936],{"class":67},[49,158790,2431],{"class":63},[49,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,158794,105],{"class":104},[49,158796,108],{"class":63},[49,158798,10592],{"class":104},[49,158800,108],{"class":63},[49,158802,147291],{"class":94},[49,158804,1182],{"class":63},[20,158806,10601],{},[137,158808,158809,158811,158814,158817],{},[140,158810,154505],{},[140,158812,158813],{},"what the slice actually returns",[140,158815,158816],{},"that the result is a tuple",[140,158818,158819],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[35,158821,1253],{"id":1252},[528,158823,158825],{"id":158824},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158827,158828],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[528,158830,158832],{"id":158831},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158834,158835],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[528,158837,4573,158839,39384],{"id":158838},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158840,157658],{},[20,158842,158843],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[528,158845,158847,158848,1284],{"id":158846},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158849,70015],{},[20,158851,158852,158853,91],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158854,70015],{},[35,158856,1309],{"id":1308},[137,158858,158859,158863,158867,158871,158875],{},[140,158860,158861],{},[308,158862,155365],{"href":150252},[140,158864,158865],{},[308,158866,148946],{"href":152372},[140,158868,158869],{},[308,158870,150195],{"href":156529},[140,158872,158873],{},[308,158874,147273],{"href":156891},[140,158876,158877],{},[308,158878,154118],{"href":158383},[1352,158880,158881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":158883},[158884,158885,158886,158887,158895,158899,158900,158905,158906,158911,158912,158920],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":156691,"depth":85,"text":156692},{"id":156894,"depth":85,"text":156895},{"id":75299,"depth":85,"text":75300,"children":158888},[158889,158891,158892,158893,158894],{"id":157052,"depth":101,"text":158890},"Get the first n items",{"id":157131,"depth":101,"text":157132},{"id":157209,"depth":101,"text":157210},{"id":157291,"depth":101,"text":157292},{"id":157373,"depth":101,"text":157374},{"id":75593,"depth":85,"text":75594,"children":158896},[158897,158898],{"id":157468,"depth":101,"text":157469},{"id":157552,"depth":101,"text":157553},{"id":157641,"depth":85,"text":157642},{"id":157893,"depth":85,"text":157894,"children":158901},[158902,158903,158904],{"id":157902,"depth":101,"text":157903},{"id":158018,"depth":101,"text":158019},{"id":158126,"depth":101,"text":158127},{"id":158192,"depth":85,"text":158193},{"id":76426,"depth":85,"text":14598,"children":158907},[158908,158909,158910],{"id":158409,"depth":101,"text":158410},{"id":158494,"depth":101,"text":158495},{"id":158591,"depth":101,"text":158592},{"id":113010,"depth":85,"text":113011},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":158913},[158914,158915,158916,158918],{"id":158824,"depth":101,"text":158825},{"id":158831,"depth":101,"text":158832},{"id":158838,"depth":101,"text":158917},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158846,"depth":101,"text":158919},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156535,"description":158921},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158928,"title":158929,"body":158930,"description":160753,"extension":1392,"meta":160754,"navigation":243,"path":34229,"seo":160755,"stem":160756,"__hash__":160757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158931,"toc":160719},[158932,158937,158942,158946,158964,158967,158982,158988,158990,159047,159049,159081,159093,159099,159104,159107,159142,159148,159150,159153,159167,159170,159172,159195,159197,159215,159218,159234,159236,159239,159352,159354,159443,159446,159451,159457,159460,159463,159562,159564,159623,159628,159631,159700,159704,159736,159752,159757,159764,159771,159783,159785,159834,159836,159859,159865,159913,159918,159925,159933,159939,159942,159966,159969,159971,160047,160049,160074,160080,160083,160088,160092,160106,160108,160171,160173,160205,160208,160224,160226,160232,160239,160241,160260,160262,160280,160287,160292,160299,160301,160338,160341,160348,160352,160355,160413,160416,160419,160474,160476,160488,160494,160496,160500,160533,160540,160542,160605,160608,160610,160615,160629,160636,160644,160653,160662,160668,160674,160676,160716],[10,158933,3010,158935,3014],{"id":158934},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158936,1734],{},[20,158938,31740,158939,158941],{},[15,158940,1734],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158943,62050,158944,103855],{},[15,158945,1734],{},[137,158947,158948,158951,158954,158957],{},[140,158949,158950],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[140,158952,158953],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[140,158955,158956],{},"debug confusing code",[140,158958,158959,158960],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[308,158961,158962],{"href":7652},[15,158963,2390],{},[20,158965,158966],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[40,158968,158970],{"className":42,"code":158969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(object)\n",[15,158971,158972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158973,158974,158976,158978,158980],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158975,1175],{"class":1174},[49,158977,108],{"class":63},[49,158979,41822],{"class":1174},[49,158981,272],{"class":63},[20,158983,158984,158985,158987],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158986,1734],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[35,158989,38],{"id":37},[40,158991,158993],{"className":42,"code":158992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158994,158995,159007,159021,159025,159033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158996,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158998,7308],{"class":55},[49,159000,60],{"class":59},[49,159002,357],{"class":346},[49,159004,4434],{"class":350},[49,159006,1124],{"class":346},[49,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159010,105],{"class":104},[49,159012,108],{"class":63},[49,159014,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159016,108],{"class":63},[49,159018,7103],{"class":94},[49,159020,1182],{"class":63},[49,159022,159023],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159024,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159026,159027,159029,159031],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159028,1650],{"class":55},[49,159030,60],{"class":59},[49,159032,2017],{"class":67},[49,159034,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,159036,105],{"class":104},[49,159038,108],{"class":63},[49,159040,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159042,108],{"class":63},[49,159044,1672],{"class":94},[49,159046,1182],{"class":63},[20,159048,275],{},[40,159050,159051],{"className":42,"code":124358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159052,159053,159067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159056,2723],{"class":59},[49,159058,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159060,2729],{"class":346},[49,159062,2877],{"class":350},[49,159064,2734],{"class":346},[49,159066,2737],{"class":59},[49,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159070,2723],{"class":59},[49,159072,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159074,2729],{"class":346},[49,159076,1621],{"class":350},[49,159078,2734],{"class":346},[49,159080,2737],{"class":59},[20,159082,120,159083,159086,159087,618,159090,91],{},[15,159084,159085],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159088,159089],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159091,159092],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[35,159094,12415,159096,159098],{"id":159095},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159097,1734],{}," function does",[20,159100,159101,159103],{},[15,159102,1734],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159105,159106],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[137,159108,159109,159114,159119,159124,159129,159134],{},[140,159110,159111,159113],{},[15,159112,2877],{}," for text",[140,159115,159116,159118],{},[15,159117,1621],{}," for whole numbers",[140,159120,159121,159123],{},[15,159122,1625],{}," for decimal numbers",[140,159125,159126,159128],{},[15,159127,7526],{}," for lists",[140,159130,159131,159133],{},[15,159132,8252],{}," for dictionaries",[140,159135,159136,68379,159138,618,159140],{},[15,159137,3297],{},[15,159139,3039],{},[15,159141,3105],{},[20,159143,159144,159145,159147],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159146,1734],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[35,159149,164],{"id":163},[20,159151,159152],{},"The main beginner form is:",[40,159154,159155],{"className":42,"code":158969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159156,159157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159158,159159,159161,159163,159165],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159160,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159162,108],{"class":63},[49,159164,41822],{"class":1174},[49,159166,272],{"class":63},[20,159168,159169],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159171,761],{},[40,159173,159175],{"className":42,"code":159174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159176,159177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159180,105],{"class":104},[49,159182,108],{"class":63},[49,159184,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159186,108],{"class":63},[49,159188,347],{"class":346},[49,159190,1121],{"class":350},[49,159192,347],{"class":346},[49,159194,1182],{"class":63},[20,159196,275],{},[40,159198,159199],{"className":42,"code":45194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159200,159201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159204,2723],{"class":59},[49,159206,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159208,2729],{"class":346},[49,159210,2877],{"class":350},[49,159212,2734],{"class":346},[49,159214,2737],{"class":59},[20,159216,159217],{},"You can pass either:",[137,159219,159220,159227],{},[140,159221,159222,159223,2310,159225],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159224,63818],{},[15,159226,45950],{},[140,159228,159229,159230,2310,159232],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159231,7103],{},[15,159233,8731],{},[35,159235,121170],{"id":121169},[20,159237,159238],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[40,159240,159242],{"className":42,"code":159241,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159243,159244,159262,159276,159290,159312,159338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159245,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159247,105],{"class":104},[49,159249,108],{"class":63},[49,159251,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159253,108],{"class":63},[49,159255,347],{"class":346},[49,159257,1121],{"class":350},[49,159259,347],{"class":346},[49,159261,1182],{"class":63},[49,159263,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159265,105],{"class":104},[49,159267,108],{"class":63},[49,159269,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159271,108],{"class":63},[49,159273,221],{"class":67},[49,159275,1182],{"class":63},[49,159277,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159279,105],{"class":104},[49,159281,108],{"class":63},[49,159283,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159285,108],{"class":63},[49,159287,39567],{"class":67},[49,159289,1182],{"class":63},[49,159291,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159293,105],{"class":104},[49,159295,108],{"class":63},[49,159297,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159299,2418],{"class":63},[49,159301,68],{"class":67},[49,159303,71],{"class":63},[49,159305,74],{"class":67},[49,159307,71],{"class":63},[49,159309,79],{"class":67},[49,159311,2431],{"class":63},[49,159313,159314,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,159315,105],{"class":104},[49,159317,108],{"class":63},[49,159319,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159321,4962],{"class":63},[49,159323,347],{"class":346},[49,159325,7103],{"class":350},[49,159327,347],{"class":346},[49,159329,135],{"class":63},[49,159331,357],{"class":346},[49,159333,4434],{"class":350},[49,159335,347],{"class":346},[49,159337,4971],{"class":63},[49,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,159341,105],{"class":104},[49,159343,108],{"class":63},[49,159345,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159347,108],{"class":63},[49,159349,3039],{"class":3281},[49,159351,1182],{"class":63},[20,159353,275],{},[40,159355,159357],{"className":42,"code":159356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159358,159359,159373,159387,159401,159415,159429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159362,2723],{"class":59},[49,159364,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159366,2729],{"class":346},[49,159368,2877],{"class":350},[49,159370,2734],{"class":346},[49,159372,2737],{"class":59},[49,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159376,2723],{"class":59},[49,159378,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159380,2729],{"class":346},[49,159382,1621],{"class":350},[49,159384,2734],{"class":346},[49,159386,2737],{"class":59},[49,159388,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159390,2723],{"class":59},[49,159392,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159394,2729],{"class":346},[49,159396,1625],{"class":350},[49,159398,2734],{"class":346},[49,159400,2737],{"class":59},[49,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159404,2723],{"class":59},[49,159406,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159408,2729],{"class":346},[49,159410,7526],{"class":350},[49,159412,2734],{"class":346},[49,159414,2737],{"class":59},[49,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,159418,2723],{"class":59},[49,159420,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159422,2729],{"class":346},[49,159424,8252],{"class":350},[49,159426,2734],{"class":346},[49,159428,2737],{"class":59},[49,159430,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,159432,2723],{"class":59},[49,159434,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159436,2729],{"class":346},[49,159438,3297],{"class":350},[49,159440,2734],{"class":346},[49,159442,2737],{"class":59},[20,159444,159445],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159447,159448,159449,91],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[308,159450,44221],{"href":48403},[35,159452,1092,159454,159456],{"id":159453},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159455,1734],{}," with variables",[20,159458,159459],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159461,159462],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[40,159464,159466],{"className":42,"code":159465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159467,159468,159476,159494,159498,159510,159528,159532,159544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159469,159470,159472,159474],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159471,1878],{"class":55},[49,159473,60],{"class":59},[49,159475,2017],{"class":67},[49,159477,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159479,105],{"class":104},[49,159481,108],{"class":63},[49,159483,1904],{"class":94},[49,159485,71],{"class":63},[49,159487,48815],{"class":1174},[49,159489,108],{"class":63},[49,159491,1904],{"class":94},[49,159493,1182],{"class":63},[49,159495,159496],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159497,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159501,1878],{"class":55},[49,159503,60],{"class":59},[49,159505,357],{"class":346},[49,159507,45331],{"class":350},[49,159509,1124],{"class":346},[49,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,159513,105],{"class":104},[49,159515,108],{"class":63},[49,159517,1904],{"class":94},[49,159519,71],{"class":63},[49,159521,48815],{"class":1174},[49,159523,108],{"class":63},[49,159525,1904],{"class":94},[49,159527,1182],{"class":63},[49,159529,159530],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,159531,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159533,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,159535,1878],{"class":55},[49,159537,60],{"class":59},[49,159539,64],{"class":63},[49,159541,221],{"class":67},[49,159543,82],{"class":63},[49,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560],{"class":51,"line":5858},[49,159547,105],{"class":104},[49,159549,108],{"class":63},[49,159551,1904],{"class":94},[49,159553,71],{"class":63},[49,159555,48815],{"class":1174},[49,159557,108],{"class":63},[49,159559,1904],{"class":94},[49,159561,1182],{"class":63},[20,159563,275],{},[40,159565,159567],{"className":42,"code":159566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159568,159569,159586,159603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159570,159571,159573,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159572,221],{"class":67},[49,159574,159575],{"class":59}," \u003C",[49,159577,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159579,2729],{"class":346},[49,159581,1621],{"class":350},[49,159583,2734],{"class":346},[49,159585,2737],{"class":59},[49,159587,159588,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159589,159590],{"class":55},"ten ",[49,159592,2723],{"class":59},[49,159594,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159596,2729],{"class":346},[49,159598,2877],{"class":350},[49,159600,2734],{"class":346},[49,159602,2737],{"class":59},[49,159604,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159606,938],{"class":63},[49,159608,221],{"class":67},[49,159610,12693],{"class":63},[49,159612,159575],{"class":59},[49,159614,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159616,2729],{"class":346},[49,159618,7526],{"class":350},[49,159620,2734],{"class":346},[49,159622,2737],{"class":59},[20,159624,159625,159627],{},[15,159626,1734],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159629,159630],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[40,159632,159634],{"className":42,"code":159633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159635,159636,159654,159668,159672,159686],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159639,2825],{"class":55},[49,159641,60],{"class":59},[49,159643,7675],{"class":104},[49,159645,108],{"class":63},[49,159647,347],{"class":346},[49,159649,41295],{"class":350},[49,159651,347],{"class":346},[49,159653,272],{"class":63},[49,159655,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664,159666],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159657,105],{"class":104},[49,159659,108],{"class":63},[49,159661,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159663,108],{"class":63},[49,159665,2851],{"class":94},[49,159667,1182],{"class":63},[49,159669,159670],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159671,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159673,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159675,122282],{"class":55},[49,159677,60],{"class":59},[49,159679,44700],{"class":1174},[49,159681,108],{"class":63},[49,159683,2851],{"class":94},[49,159685,272],{"class":63},[49,159687,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,159689,105],{"class":104},[49,159691,108],{"class":63},[49,159693,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159695,108],{"class":63},[49,159697,122305],{"class":94},[49,159699,1182],{"class":63},[20,159701,40544,159702,40548],{},[15,159703,8625],{},[40,159705,159706],{"className":42,"code":124358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159707,159708,159722],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159709,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159711,2723],{"class":59},[49,159713,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159715,2729],{"class":346},[49,159717,2877],{"class":350},[49,159719,2734],{"class":346},[49,159721,2737],{"class":59},[49,159723,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732,159734],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159725,2723],{"class":59},[49,159727,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159729,2729],{"class":346},[49,159731,1621],{"class":350},[49,159733,2734],{"class":346},[49,159735,2737],{"class":59},[20,159737,45127,159738,159742,159743,2310,159747,159751],{},[308,159739,159740],{"href":7652},[15,159741,2390],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[308,159744,159745],{"href":2306},[15,159746,2309],{},[308,159748,159749],{"href":2313},[15,159750,2316],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159753,159754,159755,91],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[308,159756,8412],{"href":8411},[35,159758,159760,10018,159762],{"id":159759},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159761,1734],{},[15,159763,44229],{},[20,159765,159766,618,159768,159770],{},[15,159767,1734],{},[15,159769,44229],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[137,159772,159773,159778],{},[140,159774,159775,159777],{},[15,159776,1734],{}," tells you the exact type",[140,159779,159780,159782],{},[15,159781,44229],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159784,761],{},[40,159786,159788],{"className":42,"code":159787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159789,159790,159798,159802,159816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159791,159792,159794,159796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159793,1878],{"class":55},[49,159795,60],{"class":59},[49,159797,34263],{"class":67},[49,159799,159800],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159801,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159805,105],{"class":104},[49,159807,108],{"class":63},[49,159809,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159811,108],{"class":63},[49,159813,1904],{"class":94},[49,159815,1182],{"class":63},[49,159817,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159819,105],{"class":104},[49,159821,108],{"class":63},[49,159823,48300],{"class":104},[49,159825,108],{"class":63},[49,159827,1904],{"class":94},[49,159829,71],{"class":63},[49,159831,44700],{"class":1174},[49,159833,1182],{"class":63},[20,159835,275],{},[40,159837,159839],{"className":42,"code":159838,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159840,159841,159855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159842,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159844,2723],{"class":59},[49,159846,2726],{"class":1497},[49,159848,2729],{"class":346},[49,159850,1621],{"class":350},[49,159852,2734],{"class":346},[49,159854,2737],{"class":59},[49,159856,159857],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159858,3410],{"class":3281},[20,159860,159861,159862,159864],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159863,44229],{}," is more practical.",[40,159866,159868],{"className":42,"code":159867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159869,159870,159878,159882,159898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159871,159872,159874,159876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159873,1878],{"class":55},[49,159875,60],{"class":59},[49,159877,34263],{"class":67},[49,159879,159880],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,159881,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,159883,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,159885,6431],{"class":3306},[49,159887,49038],{"class":104},[49,159889,108],{"class":63},[49,159891,1904],{"class":94},[49,159893,71],{"class":63},[49,159895,44700],{"class":1174},[49,159897,7773],{"class":63},[49,159899,159900,159902,159904,159906,159909,159911],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,159901,7501],{"class":104},[49,159903,108],{"class":63},[49,159905,347],{"class":346},[49,159907,159908],{"class":350},"This is an integer",[49,159910,347],{"class":346},[49,159912,272],{"class":63},[20,159914,120,159915,159917],{},[15,159916,1734],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159919,120,159920,159922,159923,6606],{},[15,159921,44229],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159924,6431],{},[20,159926,159927,159928,91],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[308,159929,3010,159931,2943],{"href":159930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159932,44229],{},[35,159934,159936,159937],{"id":159935},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159938,1734],{},[20,159940,159941],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[40,159943,159945],{"className":42,"code":159944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159946,159947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159948,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159960,159962,159964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159950,1175],{"class":1174},[49,159952,108],{"class":63},[49,159954,7103],{"class":94},[49,159956,71],{"class":63},[49,159958,159959],{"class":94}," bases",[49,159961,71],{"class":63},[49,159963,8602],{"class":1174},[49,159965,272],{"class":63},[20,159967,159968],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159970,761],{},[40,159972,159974],{"className":42,"code":159973,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159975,159976,160019,160023,160033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159977,159978,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159992,159994,159996,159999,160001,160003,160006,160008,160010,160012,160015,160017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159979,159980],{"class":55},"Person ",[49,159982,60],{"class":59},[49,159984,48815],{"class":1174},[49,159986,108],{"class":63},[49,159988,347],{"class":346},[49,159990,159991],{"class":350},"Person",[49,159993,347],{"class":346},[49,159995,71],{"class":63},[49,159997,159998],{"class":63}," (),",[49,160000,9923],{"class":63},[49,160002,347],{"class":346},[49,160004,160005],{"class":350},"species",[49,160007,347],{"class":346},[49,160009,135],{"class":63},[49,160011,357],{"class":346},[49,160013,160014],{"class":350},"human",[49,160016,347],{"class":346},[49,160018,29919],{"class":63},[49,160020,160021],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160022,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160026,105],{"class":104},[49,160028,108],{"class":63},[49,160030,159991],{"class":94},[49,160032,272],{"class":63},[49,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160036,105],{"class":104},[49,160038,108],{"class":63},[49,160040,159991],{"class":94},[49,160042,91],{"class":63},[49,160044,160005],{"class":915},[49,160046,272],{"class":63},[20,160048,275],{},[40,160050,160052],{"className":42,"code":160051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160053,160054,160069],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160055,160056,160058,160060,160062,160065,160067],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160057,2723],{"class":59},[49,160059,2726],{"class":1497},[49,160061,2729],{"class":346},[49,160063,160064],{"class":350},"__main__.Person",[49,160066,2734],{"class":346},[49,160068,2737],{"class":59},[49,160070,160071],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160072,160073],{"class":55},"human\n",[20,160075,160076,160077,160079],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160078,329],{}," need this form.",[20,160081,160082],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[35,160084,740,160086],{"id":160085},"when-to-use-type",[15,160087,1734],{},[20,160089,160090,11867],{},[15,160091,1734],{},[137,160093,160094,160097,160100,160103],{},[140,160095,160096],{},"debug unexpected values",[140,160098,160099],{},"check what a conversion produced",[140,160101,160102],{},"learn Python data types",[140,160104,160105],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160107,4904],{},[40,160109,160111],{"className":42,"code":160110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160112,160113,160125,160139,160143,160157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160114,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160116,1114],{"class":55},[49,160118,60],{"class":59},[49,160120,357],{"class":346},[49,160122,49671],{"class":350},[49,160124,1124],{"class":346},[49,160126,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160128,1650],{"class":55},[49,160130,60],{"class":59},[49,160132,44700],{"class":1174},[49,160134,108],{"class":63},[49,160136,1129],{"class":94},[49,160138,272],{"class":63},[49,160140,160141],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160142,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,160144,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160146,105],{"class":104},[49,160148,108],{"class":63},[49,160150,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160152,108],{"class":63},[49,160154,1129],{"class":94},[49,160156,1182],{"class":63},[49,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,160160,105],{"class":104},[49,160162,108],{"class":63},[49,160164,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160166,108],{"class":63},[49,160168,1672],{"class":94},[49,160170,1182],{"class":63},[20,160172,275],{},[40,160174,160175],{"className":42,"code":124358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160176,160177,160191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160178,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160180,2723],{"class":59},[49,160182,2726],{"class":1497},[49,160184,2729],{"class":346},[49,160186,2877],{"class":350},[49,160188,2734],{"class":346},[49,160190,2737],{"class":59},[49,160192,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160194,2723],{"class":59},[49,160196,2726],{"class":1497},[49,160198,2729],{"class":346},[49,160200,1621],{"class":350},[49,160202,2734],{"class":346},[49,160204,2737],{"class":59},[20,160206,160207],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160209,160210,160211,1622,160215,16495,160219,160223],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[308,160212,160213],{"href":41598},[15,160214,47108],{},[308,160216,160217],{"href":2306},[15,160218,2309],{},[308,160220,160221],{"href":2313},[15,160222,2316],{}," are often the next step.",[35,160225,24780],{"id":24779},[20,160227,160228,160229,160231],{},"A few things about ",[15,160230,1734],{}," often confuse beginners.",[528,160233,160235,160238],{"id":160234},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160236,160237],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160240,63927],{},[40,160242,160244],{"className":42,"code":160243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160245,160246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160249,105],{"class":104},[49,160251,108],{"class":63},[49,160253,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160255,108],{"class":63},[49,160257,1569],{"class":67},[49,160259,1182],{"class":63},[20,160261,122201],{},[40,160263,160264],{"className":42,"code":155713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160265,160266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160269,2723],{"class":59},[49,160271,2726],{"class":1497},[49,160273,2729],{"class":346},[49,160275,1621],{"class":350},[49,160277,2734],{"class":346},[49,160279,2737],{"class":59},[20,160281,326,160282,160284,160285,91],{},[30,160283,329],{}," print just ",[15,160286,1621],{},[20,160288,6110,160289,160291],{},[15,160290,1734],{}," returns a class object.",[528,160293,160295,320,160297],{"id":160294},"input-returns-str",[15,160296,2390],{},[15,160298,2877],{},[20,160300,78826],{},[40,160302,160304],{"className":42,"code":160303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160305,160306,160324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160307,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160309,1878],{"class":55},[49,160311,60],{"class":59},[49,160313,7675],{"class":104},[49,160315,108],{"class":63},[49,160317,347],{"class":346},[49,160319,45734],{"class":350},[49,160321,347],{"class":346},[49,160323,272],{"class":63},[49,160325,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160327,105],{"class":104},[49,160329,108],{"class":63},[49,160331,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160333,108],{"class":63},[49,160335,1904],{"class":94},[49,160337,1182],{"class":63},[20,160339,160340],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160342,160343,160344,2310,160346,91],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160345,2309],{},[15,160347,2316],{},[528,160349,160351],{"id":160350},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160353,160354],{},"Avoid code like this:",[40,160356,160358],{"className":42,"code":160357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160359,160360,160368,160372,160398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160361,160362,160364,160366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160363,1878],{"class":55},[49,160365,60],{"class":59},[49,160367,34263],{"class":67},[49,160369,160370],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160371,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,160373,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160375,6431],{"class":3306},[49,160377,48329],{"class":1174},[49,160379,108],{"class":63},[49,160381,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160383,108],{"class":63},[49,160385,1904],{"class":94},[49,160387,4793],{"class":63},[49,160389,5841],{"class":59},[49,160391,357],{"class":346},[49,160393,159092],{"class":350},[49,160395,347],{"class":346},[49,160397,5826],{"class":63},[49,160399,160400,160402,160404,160406,160409,160411],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160401,7501],{"class":104},[49,160403,108],{"class":63},[49,160405,347],{"class":346},[49,160407,160408],{"class":350},"It is an int",[49,160410,347],{"class":346},[49,160412,272],{"class":63},[20,160414,160415],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160417,160418],{},"Better options:",[40,160420,160422],{"className":42,"code":160421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160423,160424,160432,160436,160456],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160425,160426,160428,160430],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160427,1878],{"class":55},[49,160429,60],{"class":59},[49,160431,34263],{"class":67},[49,160433,160434],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160435,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160439,105],{"class":104},[49,160441,108],{"class":63},[49,160443,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160445,108],{"class":63},[49,160447,1904],{"class":94},[49,160449,113],{"class":63},[49,160451,5841],{"class":59},[49,160453,44700],{"class":1174},[49,160455,272],{"class":63},[49,160457,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160459,105],{"class":104},[49,160461,108],{"class":63},[49,160463,48300],{"class":104},[49,160465,108],{"class":63},[49,160467,1904],{"class":94},[49,160469,71],{"class":63},[49,160471,44700],{"class":1174},[49,160473,1182],{"class":63},[20,160475,275],{},[40,160477,160478],{"className":42,"code":3937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160479,160480,160484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160481,160482],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160483,3410],{"class":3281},[49,160485,160486],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160487,3410],{"class":3281},[20,160489,160490,160491,160493],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160492,44229],{}," is the more useful check.",[35,160495,2261],{"id":2260},[20,160497,14154,160498,135],{},[15,160499,1734],{},[137,160501,160502,160512,160521,160530],{},[140,160503,1092,160504,160506,160507,160511],{},[15,160505,1734],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[308,160508,160509],{"href":7652},[15,160510,2390],{}," always returns a string",[140,160513,1011,160514,160516,160517,871,160519],{},[15,160515,1734],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160518,1621],{},[15,160520,159092],{},[140,160522,1092,160523,44053,160526,160529],{},[15,160524,160525],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160527,160528],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[140,160531,160532],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160534,160535,160536,91],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[308,160537,160539],{"href":160538},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160541,143867],{},[40,160543,160545],{"className":42,"code":160544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160546,160547,160561,160571,160585,160595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160548,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160550,105],{"class":104},[49,160552,108],{"class":63},[49,160554,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160556,108],{"class":63},[49,160558,1904],{"class":94},[49,160560,1182],{"class":63},[49,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160564,105],{"class":104},[49,160566,108],{"class":63},[49,160568,1904],{"class":94},[49,160570,272],{"class":63},[49,160572,160573,160575,160577,160579,160581,160583],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160574,105],{"class":104},[49,160576,108],{"class":63},[49,160578,41203],{"class":104},[49,160580,108],{"class":63},[49,160582,1904],{"class":94},[49,160584,1182],{"class":63},[49,160586,160587,160589,160591,160593],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160588,31575],{"class":104},[49,160590,108],{"class":63},[49,160592,1175],{"class":1174},[49,160594,272],{"class":63},[49,160596,160597,160599,160601,160603],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,160598,33794],{"class":104},[49,160600,108],{"class":63},[49,160602,1904],{"class":94},[49,160604,272],{"class":63},[20,160606,160607],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[35,160609,1253],{"id":1252},[528,160611,4573,160613,4576],{"id":160612},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160614,1734],{},[20,160616,160617,160618,1622,160620,1622,160622,1626,160624,160626,160627,91],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160619,2877],{},[15,160621,1621],{},[15,160623,7526],{},[15,160625,8252],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160628,159089],{},[528,160630,14324,160632,56487,160634,1284],{"id":160631},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160633,1734],{},[15,160635,44229],{},[20,160637,45789,160638,160640,160641,160643],{},[15,160639,1734],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160642,44229],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[528,160645,4589,160647,160650,160651,1284],{"id":160646},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160648,160649],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160652,2877],{},[20,160654,28484,160655,160657,160658,2310,160660,159751],{},[15,160656,2390],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160659,2309],{},[15,160661,2316],{},[528,160663,4601,160665,160667],{"id":160664},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160666,1734],{}," create classes?",[20,160669,160670,160671,91],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160672,160673],{},"type(object)",[35,160675,1309],{"id":1308},[137,160677,160678,160682,160688,160694,160698,160704,160710],{},[140,160679,160680],{},[308,160681,44221],{"href":48403},[140,160683,160684],{},[308,160685,3010,160686,2943],{"href":159930},[15,160687,44229],{},[140,160689,160690],{},[308,160691,3010,160692,2943],{"href":7652},[15,160693,2390],{},[140,160695,160696],{},[308,160697,8489],{"href":8411},[140,160699,160700],{},[308,160701,3010,160702,2943],{"href":2306},[15,160703,2309],{},[140,160705,160706],{},[308,160707,3010,160708,2943],{"href":2313},[15,160709,2316],{},[140,160711,160712],{},[308,160713,3010,160714,2943],{"href":41598},[15,160715,47108],{},[1352,160717,160718],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":160720},[160721,160722,160724,160725,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734,160741,160742,160752],{"id":37,"depth":85,"text":38},{"id":159095,"depth":85,"text":160723},"What the type() function does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":121169,"depth":85,"text":121170},{"id":159453,"depth":85,"text":160727},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159759,"depth":85,"text":160729},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159935,"depth":85,"text":160731},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160085,"depth":85,"text":160733},"When to use type()",{"id":24779,"depth":85,"text":24780,"children":160735},[160736,160738,160740],{"id":160234,"depth":101,"text":160737},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160294,"depth":101,"text":160739},"input() returns str",{"id":160350,"depth":101,"text":160351},{"id":2260,"depth":85,"text":2261},{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":160743},[160744,160746,160748,160750],{"id":160612,"depth":101,"text":160745},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160631,"depth":101,"text":160747},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160646,"depth":101,"text":160749},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160664,"depth":101,"text":160751},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158929,"description":160753},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160759,"title":160760,"body":160761,"description":163240,"extension":1392,"meta":163241,"navigation":243,"path":163242,"seo":163243,"stem":163244,"__hash__":163245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160762,"toc":163197},[160763,160768,160773,160782,160784,160884,160886,160911,160916,160921,160937,160940,160942,160944,160969,160972,160975,161058,161060,161109,161112,161234,161236,161309,161313,161316,161430,161432,161458,161460,161481,161486,161490,161495,161498,161602,161604,161621,161630,161633,161720,161722,161733,161738,161744,161749,161755,161758,161851,161853,161902,161908,161911,162012,162014,162067,162072,162076,162079,162178,162180,162219,162222,162227,162229,162234,162238,162351,162355,162452,162456,162544,162546,162563,162567,162690,162696,162702,162708,162713,162716,162743,162747,162749,162843,162846,162850,162853,162940,162943,162978,162980,163017,163020,163028,163033,163038,163112,163119,163121,163126,163129,163135,163138,163144,163149,163155,163160,163164,163167,163169,163194],[10,160764,3010,160766,3014],{"id":160765},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160767,63603],{},[20,160769,160770,160772],{},[15,160771,63603],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160774,160775,160776,160778,160779,160781],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160777,63603],{}," inside a ",[15,160780,5391],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[35,160783,1434],{"id":1433},[40,160785,160787],{"className":42,"code":160786,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160788,160789,160821,160841,160845,160870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160790,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160792,4425],{"class":55},[49,160794,60],{"class":59},[49,160796,64],{"class":63},[49,160798,347],{"class":346},[49,160800,12299],{"class":350},[49,160802,347],{"class":346},[49,160804,71],{"class":63},[49,160806,357],{"class":346},[49,160808,35363],{"class":350},[49,160810,347],{"class":346},[49,160812,71],{"class":63},[49,160814,357],{"class":346},[49,160816,35372],{"class":350},[49,160818,347],{"class":346},[49,160820,82],{"class":63},[49,160822,160823,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160824,4494],{"class":55},[49,160826,60],{"class":59},[49,160828,64],{"class":63},[49,160830,12922],{"class":67},[49,160832,71],{"class":63},[49,160834,12927],{"class":67},[49,160836,71],{"class":63},[49,160838,28343],{"class":67},[49,160840,82],{"class":63},[49,160842,160843],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160844,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,160846,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,160848,5391],{"class":3306},[49,160850,35414],{"class":55},[49,160852,71],{"class":63},[49,160854,4536],{"class":55},[49,160856,3313],{"class":3306},[49,160858,160859],{"class":104}," zip",[49,160861,108],{"class":63},[49,160863,4469],{"class":94},[49,160865,71],{"class":63},[49,160867,4541],{"class":94},[49,160869,7773],{"class":63},[49,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,160873,7501],{"class":104},[49,160875,108],{"class":63},[49,160877,7103],{"class":94},[49,160879,71],{"class":63},[49,160881,130147],{"class":94},[49,160883,272],{"class":63},[20,160885,275],{},[40,160887,160889],{"className":42,"code":160888,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160890,160891,160897,160904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160892,160893,160895],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160894,133166],{"class":55},[49,160896,32559],{"class":67},[49,160898,160899,160902],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,160900,160901],{"class":55},"Ben ",[49,160903,32564],{"class":67},[49,160905,160906,160909],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,160907,160908],{"class":55},"Cara ",[49,160910,32569],{"class":67},[20,160912,120,160913,160915],{},[15,160914,63603],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[35,160917,127,160919,130],{"id":160918},"what-zip-does",[15,160920,63603],{},[137,160922,160923,160928,160931,160934],{},[140,160924,160925,160927],{},[15,160926,63603],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[140,160929,160930],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[140,160932,160933],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[140,160935,160936],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160938,160939],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[35,160941,164],{"id":163},[20,160943,6652],{},[40,160945,160947],{"className":42,"code":160946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160948,160949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160950,160951,160953,160955,160958,160960,160963,160965,160967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160952,63673],{"class":104},[49,160954,108],{"class":63},[49,160956,160957],{"class":94},"iterable1",[49,160959,71],{"class":63},[49,160961,160962],{"class":94}," iterable2",[49,160964,71],{"class":63},[49,160966,33876],{"class":104},[49,160968,272],{"class":63},[20,160970,160971],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160973,160974],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[40,160976,160978],{"className":42,"code":160977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160979,160980,161000,161032,161036],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160983,214],{"class":55},[49,160985,60],{"class":59},[49,160987,64],{"class":63},[49,160989,68],{"class":67},[49,160991,71],{"class":63},[49,160993,74],{"class":67},[49,160995,71],{"class":63},[49,160997,79],{"class":67},[49,160999,82],{"class":63},[49,161001,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161003,35513],{"class":55},[49,161005,60],{"class":59},[49,161007,64],{"class":63},[49,161009,347],{"class":346},[49,161011,308],{"class":350},[49,161013,347],{"class":346},[49,161015,71],{"class":63},[49,161017,357],{"class":346},[49,161019,360],{"class":350},[49,161021,347],{"class":346},[49,161023,71],{"class":63},[49,161025,357],{"class":346},[49,161027,369],{"class":350},[49,161029,347],{"class":346},[49,161031,82],{"class":63},[49,161033,161034],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161035,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161037,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161039,105],{"class":104},[49,161041,108],{"class":63},[49,161043,7526],{"class":1174},[49,161045,108],{"class":63},[49,161047,63673],{"class":104},[49,161049,108],{"class":63},[49,161051,249],{"class":94},[49,161053,71],{"class":63},[49,161055,69380],{"class":94},[49,161057,2344],{"class":63},[20,161059,275],{},[40,161061,161063],{"className":42,"code":161062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161064,161065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161066,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161068,21162],{"class":63},[49,161070,68],{"class":67},[49,161072,71],{"class":63},[49,161074,2729],{"class":346},[49,161076,308],{"class":350},[49,161078,2734],{"class":346},[49,161080,8665],{"class":63},[49,161082,8668],{"class":63},[49,161084,1488],{"class":67},[49,161086,71],{"class":63},[49,161088,2729],{"class":346},[49,161090,360],{"class":350},[49,161092,2734],{"class":346},[49,161094,8665],{"class":63},[49,161096,8668],{"class":63},[49,161098,1494],{"class":67},[49,161100,71],{"class":63},[49,161102,2729],{"class":346},[49,161104,369],{"class":350},[49,161106,2734],{"class":346},[49,161108,8681],{"class":63},[20,161110,161111],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[40,161113,161115],{"className":42,"code":161114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161116,161117,161149,161169,161203,161207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161118,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161120,4425],{"class":55},[49,161122,60],{"class":59},[49,161124,64],{"class":63},[49,161126,347],{"class":346},[49,161128,12299],{"class":350},[49,161130,347],{"class":346},[49,161132,71],{"class":63},[49,161134,357],{"class":346},[49,161136,35363],{"class":350},[49,161138,347],{"class":346},[49,161140,71],{"class":63},[49,161142,357],{"class":346},[49,161144,35372],{"class":350},[49,161146,347],{"class":346},[49,161148,82],{"class":63},[49,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161152,4494],{"class":55},[49,161154,60],{"class":59},[49,161156,64],{"class":63},[49,161158,12922],{"class":67},[49,161160,71],{"class":63},[49,161162,12927],{"class":67},[49,161164,71],{"class":63},[49,161166,28343],{"class":67},[49,161168,82],{"class":63},[49,161170,161171,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161199,161201],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161172,161173],{"class":55},"grades ",[49,161175,60],{"class":59},[49,161177,64],{"class":63},[49,161179,347],{"class":346},[49,161181,21667],{"class":350},[49,161183,347],{"class":346},[49,161185,71],{"class":63},[49,161187,357],{"class":346},[49,161189,30023],{"class":350},[49,161191,347],{"class":346},[49,161193,71],{"class":63},[49,161195,357],{"class":346},[49,161197,161198],{"class":350},"B+",[49,161200,347],{"class":346},[49,161202,82],{"class":63},[49,161204,161205],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161206,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161208,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161232],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,161210,105],{"class":104},[49,161212,108],{"class":63},[49,161214,7526],{"class":1174},[49,161216,108],{"class":63},[49,161218,63673],{"class":104},[49,161220,108],{"class":63},[49,161222,4469],{"class":94},[49,161224,71],{"class":63},[49,161226,4541],{"class":94},[49,161228,71],{"class":63},[49,161230,161231],{"class":94}," grades",[49,161233,2344],{"class":63},[20,161235,275],{},[40,161237,161239],{"className":42,"code":161238,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161240,161241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161242,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161244,21162],{"class":63},[49,161246,2734],{"class":346},[49,161248,12299],{"class":350},[49,161250,2734],{"class":346},[49,161252,71],{"class":63},[49,161254,19321],{"class":67},[49,161256,71],{"class":63},[49,161258,2729],{"class":346},[49,161260,21667],{"class":350},[49,161262,2734],{"class":346},[49,161264,8665],{"class":63},[49,161266,8668],{"class":63},[49,161268,2734],{"class":346},[49,161270,35363],{"class":350},[49,161272,2734],{"class":346},[49,161274,71],{"class":63},[49,161276,12927],{"class":67},[49,161278,71],{"class":63},[49,161280,2729],{"class":346},[49,161282,30023],{"class":350},[49,161284,2734],{"class":346},[49,161286,8665],{"class":63},[49,161288,8668],{"class":63},[49,161290,2734],{"class":346},[49,161292,35372],{"class":350},[49,161294,2734],{"class":346},[49,161296,71],{"class":63},[49,161298,28343],{"class":67},[49,161300,71],{"class":63},[49,161302,2729],{"class":346},[49,161304,161198],{"class":350},[49,161306,2734],{"class":346},[49,161308,8681],{"class":63},[35,161310,161312],{"id":161311},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161314,161315],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[40,161317,161319],{"className":42,"code":161318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161320,161321,161353,161373,161377,161401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161322,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161324,4425],{"class":55},[49,161326,60],{"class":59},[49,161328,64],{"class":63},[49,161330,347],{"class":346},[49,161332,12299],{"class":350},[49,161334,347],{"class":346},[49,161336,71],{"class":63},[49,161338,357],{"class":346},[49,161340,35363],{"class":350},[49,161342,347],{"class":346},[49,161344,71],{"class":63},[49,161346,357],{"class":346},[49,161348,35372],{"class":350},[49,161350,347],{"class":346},[49,161352,82],{"class":63},[49,161354,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161356,4494],{"class":55},[49,161358,60],{"class":59},[49,161360,64],{"class":63},[49,161362,12922],{"class":67},[49,161364,71],{"class":63},[49,161366,12927],{"class":67},[49,161368,71],{"class":63},[49,161370,28343],{"class":67},[49,161372,82],{"class":63},[49,161374,161375],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161376,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161378,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161380,5391],{"class":3306},[49,161382,35414],{"class":55},[49,161384,71],{"class":63},[49,161386,4536],{"class":55},[49,161388,3313],{"class":3306},[49,161390,160859],{"class":104},[49,161392,108],{"class":63},[49,161394,4469],{"class":94},[49,161396,71],{"class":63},[49,161398,4541],{"class":94},[49,161400,7773],{"class":63},[49,161402,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,161404,7501],{"class":104},[49,161406,108],{"class":63},[49,161408,21716],{"class":1497},[49,161410,347],{"class":350},[49,161412,8710],{"class":67},[49,161414,7103],{"class":94},[49,161416,21725],{"class":67},[49,161418,161419],{"class":350}," scored ",[49,161421,8710],{"class":67},[49,161423,84804],{"class":94},[49,161425,21725],{"class":67},[49,161427,347],{"class":350},[49,161429,272],{"class":63},[20,161431,275],{},[40,161433,161435],{"className":42,"code":161434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161436,161437,161444,161451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161438,161439,161442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161440,161441],{"class":55},"Ana scored ",[49,161443,32559],{"class":67},[49,161445,161446,161449],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161447,161448],{"class":55},"Ben scored ",[49,161450,32564],{"class":67},[49,161452,161453,161456],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161454,161455],{"class":55},"Cara scored ",[49,161457,32569],{"class":67},[20,161459,44354],{},[137,161461,161462,161471,161474],{},[140,161463,161464,161467,161468],{},[15,161465,161466],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161469,161470],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[140,161472,161473],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[140,161475,161476,618,161478,161480],{},[15,161477,7103],{},[15,161479,84804],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161482,161483,161484,91],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[308,161485,68897],{"href":68896},[35,161487,161489],{"id":161488},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161491,161492,161494],{},[15,161493,63603],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161496,161497],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[40,161499,161501],{"className":42,"code":161500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161502,161503,161544,161560,161564,161588],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161504,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161540,161542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161506,4425],{"class":55},[49,161508,60],{"class":59},[49,161510,64],{"class":63},[49,161512,347],{"class":346},[49,161514,12299],{"class":350},[49,161516,347],{"class":346},[49,161518,71],{"class":63},[49,161520,357],{"class":346},[49,161522,35363],{"class":350},[49,161524,347],{"class":346},[49,161526,71],{"class":63},[49,161528,357],{"class":346},[49,161530,35372],{"class":350},[49,161532,347],{"class":346},[49,161534,71],{"class":63},[49,161536,357],{"class":346},[49,161538,161539],{"class":350},"Dan",[49,161541,347],{"class":346},[49,161543,82],{"class":63},[49,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161547,4494],{"class":55},[49,161549,60],{"class":59},[49,161551,64],{"class":63},[49,161553,12922],{"class":67},[49,161555,71],{"class":63},[49,161557,12927],{"class":67},[49,161559,82],{"class":63},[49,161561,161562],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161563,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161565,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161567,5391],{"class":3306},[49,161569,35414],{"class":55},[49,161571,71],{"class":63},[49,161573,4536],{"class":55},[49,161575,3313],{"class":3306},[49,161577,160859],{"class":104},[49,161579,108],{"class":63},[49,161581,4469],{"class":94},[49,161583,71],{"class":63},[49,161585,4541],{"class":94},[49,161587,7773],{"class":63},[49,161589,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,161591,7501],{"class":104},[49,161593,108],{"class":63},[49,161595,7103],{"class":94},[49,161597,71],{"class":63},[49,161599,130147],{"class":94},[49,161601,272],{"class":63},[20,161603,275],{},[40,161605,161607],{"className":42,"code":161606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161608,161609,161615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161610,161611,161613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161612,133166],{"class":55},[49,161614,32559],{"class":67},[49,161616,161617,161619],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161618,160901],{"class":55},[49,161620,32564],{"class":67},[20,161622,1718,161623,618,161626,161629],{},[15,161624,161625],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161627,161628],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161631,161632],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[40,161634,161636],{"className":42,"code":161635,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161637,161638,161678,161694,161698],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161641,4425],{"class":55},[49,161643,60],{"class":59},[49,161645,64],{"class":63},[49,161647,347],{"class":346},[49,161649,12299],{"class":350},[49,161651,347],{"class":346},[49,161653,71],{"class":63},[49,161655,357],{"class":346},[49,161657,35363],{"class":350},[49,161659,347],{"class":346},[49,161661,71],{"class":63},[49,161663,357],{"class":346},[49,161665,35372],{"class":350},[49,161667,347],{"class":346},[49,161669,71],{"class":63},[49,161671,357],{"class":346},[49,161673,161539],{"class":350},[49,161675,347],{"class":346},[49,161677,82],{"class":63},[49,161679,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161681,4494],{"class":55},[49,161683,60],{"class":59},[49,161685,64],{"class":63},[49,161687,12922],{"class":67},[49,161689,71],{"class":63},[49,161691,12927],{"class":67},[49,161693,82],{"class":63},[49,161695,161696],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161697,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161701,105],{"class":104},[49,161703,108],{"class":63},[49,161705,10592],{"class":104},[49,161707,108],{"class":63},[49,161709,4469],{"class":94},[49,161711,8665],{"class":63},[49,161713,37809],{"class":104},[49,161715,108],{"class":63},[49,161717,15811],{"class":94},[49,161719,1182],{"class":63},[20,161721,275],{},[40,161723,161725],{"className":42,"code":161724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4 2\n",[15,161726,161727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161728,161729,161731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161730,1936],{"class":67},[49,161732,45013],{"class":67},[20,161734,161735,161736,91],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161737,63603],{},[35,161739,91395,161741,161743],{"id":161740},"converting-zip-output",[15,161742,63603],{}," output",[20,161745,28484,161746,161748],{},[15,161747,63603],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[528,161750,120,161752],{"id":161751},"use-listzip",[15,161753,161754],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161756,161757],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[40,161759,161761],{"className":42,"code":161760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161762,161763,161795,161815,161819,161841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161764,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161766,4425],{"class":55},[49,161768,60],{"class":59},[49,161770,64],{"class":63},[49,161772,347],{"class":346},[49,161774,12299],{"class":350},[49,161776,347],{"class":346},[49,161778,71],{"class":63},[49,161780,357],{"class":346},[49,161782,35363],{"class":350},[49,161784,347],{"class":346},[49,161786,71],{"class":63},[49,161788,357],{"class":346},[49,161790,35372],{"class":350},[49,161792,347],{"class":346},[49,161794,82],{"class":63},[49,161796,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161798,4494],{"class":55},[49,161800,60],{"class":59},[49,161802,64],{"class":63},[49,161804,12922],{"class":67},[49,161806,71],{"class":63},[49,161808,12927],{"class":67},[49,161810,71],{"class":63},[49,161812,28343],{"class":67},[49,161814,82],{"class":63},[49,161816,161817],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161818,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161820,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161822,8647],{"class":55},[49,161824,60],{"class":59},[49,161826,21982],{"class":1174},[49,161828,108],{"class":63},[49,161830,63673],{"class":104},[49,161832,108],{"class":63},[49,161834,4469],{"class":94},[49,161836,71],{"class":63},[49,161838,4541],{"class":94},[49,161840,1182],{"class":63},[49,161842,161843,161845,161847,161849],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,161844,105],{"class":104},[49,161846,108],{"class":63},[49,161848,8694],{"class":94},[49,161850,272],{"class":63},[20,161852,275],{},[40,161854,161856],{"className":42,"code":161855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161857,161858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161859,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161861,21162],{"class":63},[49,161863,2734],{"class":346},[49,161865,12299],{"class":350},[49,161867,2734],{"class":346},[49,161869,71],{"class":63},[49,161871,19321],{"class":67},[49,161873,8665],{"class":63},[49,161875,8668],{"class":63},[49,161877,2734],{"class":346},[49,161879,35363],{"class":350},[49,161881,2734],{"class":346},[49,161883,71],{"class":63},[49,161885,12927],{"class":67},[49,161887,8665],{"class":63},[49,161889,8668],{"class":63},[49,161891,2734],{"class":346},[49,161893,35372],{"class":350},[49,161895,2734],{"class":346},[49,161897,71],{"class":63},[49,161899,28343],{"class":67},[49,161901,8681],{"class":63},[528,161903,120,161905],{"id":161904},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161906,161907],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161909,161910],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[40,161912,161914],{"className":42,"code":161913,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161915,161916,161948,161976,161980,162002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161919,16665],{"class":55},[49,161921,60],{"class":59},[49,161923,64],{"class":63},[49,161925,347],{"class":346},[49,161927,7103],{"class":350},[49,161929,347],{"class":346},[49,161931,71],{"class":63},[49,161933,357],{"class":346},[49,161935,8731],{"class":350},[49,161937,347],{"class":346},[49,161939,71],{"class":63},[49,161941,357],{"class":346},[49,161943,9841],{"class":350},[49,161945,347],{"class":346},[49,161947,82],{"class":63},[49,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,161951,3252],{"class":55},[49,161953,60],{"class":59},[49,161955,64],{"class":63},[49,161957,347],{"class":346},[49,161959,12299],{"class":350},[49,161961,347],{"class":346},[49,161963,71],{"class":63},[49,161965,8738],{"class":67},[49,161967,71],{"class":63},[49,161969,357],{"class":346},[49,161971,15453],{"class":350},[49,161973,347],{"class":346},[49,161975,82],{"class":63},[49,161977,161978],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,161979,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,161981,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,161983,12624],{"class":55},[49,161985,60],{"class":59},[49,161987,8602],{"class":1174},[49,161989,108],{"class":63},[49,161991,63673],{"class":104},[49,161993,108],{"class":63},[49,161995,16346],{"class":94},[49,161997,71],{"class":63},[49,161999,3316],{"class":94},[49,162001,1182],{"class":63},[49,162003,162004,162006,162008,162010],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162005,105],{"class":104},[49,162007,108],{"class":63},[49,162009,16730],{"class":94},[49,162011,272],{"class":63},[20,162013,275],{},[40,162015,162017],{"className":42,"code":162016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162018,162019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162020,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162022,8710],{"class":63},[49,162024,2734],{"class":346},[49,162026,7103],{"class":350},[49,162028,2734],{"class":346},[49,162030,135],{"class":63},[49,162032,2729],{"class":346},[49,162034,12299],{"class":350},[49,162036,2734],{"class":346},[49,162038,71],{"class":63},[49,162040,2729],{"class":346},[49,162042,8731],{"class":350},[49,162044,2734],{"class":346},[49,162046,135],{"class":63},[49,162048,8738],{"class":67},[49,162050,71],{"class":63},[49,162052,2729],{"class":346},[49,162054,9841],{"class":350},[49,162056,2734],{"class":346},[49,162058,135],{"class":63},[49,162060,2729],{"class":346},[49,162062,15453],{"class":350},[49,162064,2734],{"class":346},[49,162066,8741],{"class":63},[20,162068,162069,162070,91],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[308,162071,30509],{"href":30508},[528,162073,162075],{"id":162074},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162077,162078],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[40,162080,162082],{"className":42,"code":162081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162083,162084,162108,162124,162128,162146,162150,162164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162085,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162087,4425],{"class":55},[49,162089,60],{"class":59},[49,162091,64],{"class":63},[49,162093,347],{"class":346},[49,162095,12299],{"class":350},[49,162097,347],{"class":346},[49,162099,71],{"class":63},[49,162101,357],{"class":346},[49,162103,35363],{"class":350},[49,162105,347],{"class":346},[49,162107,82],{"class":63},[49,162109,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162111,4494],{"class":55},[49,162113,60],{"class":59},[49,162115,64],{"class":63},[49,162117,12922],{"class":67},[49,162119,71],{"class":63},[49,162121,12927],{"class":67},[49,162123,82],{"class":63},[49,162125,162126],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162127,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162131,8647],{"class":55},[49,162133,60],{"class":59},[49,162135,160859],{"class":104},[49,162137,108],{"class":63},[49,162139,4469],{"class":94},[49,162141,71],{"class":63},[49,162143,4541],{"class":94},[49,162145,272],{"class":63},[49,162147,162148],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162149,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162151,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,162153,105],{"class":104},[49,162155,108],{"class":63},[49,162157,7526],{"class":1174},[49,162159,108],{"class":63},[49,162161,8694],{"class":94},[49,162163,1182],{"class":63},[49,162165,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,162167,105],{"class":104},[49,162169,108],{"class":63},[49,162171,7526],{"class":1174},[49,162173,108],{"class":63},[49,162175,8694],{"class":94},[49,162177,1182],{"class":63},[20,162179,275],{},[40,162181,162183],{"className":42,"code":162182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162184,162185,162215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162186,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162188,21162],{"class":63},[49,162190,2734],{"class":346},[49,162192,12299],{"class":350},[49,162194,2734],{"class":346},[49,162196,71],{"class":63},[49,162198,19321],{"class":67},[49,162200,8665],{"class":63},[49,162202,8668],{"class":63},[49,162204,2734],{"class":346},[49,162206,35363],{"class":350},[49,162208,2734],{"class":346},[49,162210,71],{"class":63},[49,162212,12927],{"class":67},[49,162214,8681],{"class":63},[49,162216,162217],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162218,278],{"class":63},[20,162220,162221],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162223,162224,162225,91],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[308,162226,4567],{"href":5019},[35,162228,40469],{"id":40468},[20,162230,162231,162232,91],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162233,63603],{},[528,162235,162237],{"id":162236},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[40,162239,162241],{"className":42,"code":162240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162242,162243,162275,162295,162299,162323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162244,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162246,4425],{"class":55},[49,162248,60],{"class":59},[49,162250,64],{"class":63},[49,162252,347],{"class":346},[49,162254,12299],{"class":350},[49,162256,347],{"class":346},[49,162258,71],{"class":63},[49,162260,357],{"class":346},[49,162262,35363],{"class":350},[49,162264,347],{"class":346},[49,162266,71],{"class":63},[49,162268,357],{"class":346},[49,162270,35372],{"class":350},[49,162272,347],{"class":346},[49,162274,82],{"class":63},[49,162276,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162278,4494],{"class":55},[49,162280,60],{"class":59},[49,162282,64],{"class":63},[49,162284,12922],{"class":67},[49,162286,71],{"class":63},[49,162288,12927],{"class":67},[49,162290,71],{"class":63},[49,162292,28343],{"class":67},[49,162294,82],{"class":63},[49,162296,162297],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162298,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162300,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162302,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162304,35414],{"class":55},[49,162306,71],{"class":63},[49,162308,4536],{"class":55},[49,162310,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162312,160859],{"class":104},[49,162314,108],{"class":63},[49,162316,4469],{"class":94},[49,162318,71],{"class":63},[49,162320,4541],{"class":94},[49,162322,7773],{"class":63},[49,162324,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162326,7501],{"class":104},[49,162328,108],{"class":63},[49,162330,21716],{"class":1497},[49,162332,347],{"class":350},[49,162334,8710],{"class":67},[49,162336,7103],{"class":94},[49,162338,21725],{"class":67},[49,162340,21728],{"class":350},[49,162342,8710],{"class":67},[49,162344,84804],{"class":94},[49,162346,21725],{"class":67},[49,162348,347],{"class":350},[49,162350,272],{"class":63},[528,162352,162354],{"id":162353},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[40,162356,162358],{"className":42,"code":162357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162359,162360,162392,162416,162420,162442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162361,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162363,16665],{"class":55},[49,162365,60],{"class":59},[49,162367,64],{"class":63},[49,162369,347],{"class":346},[49,162371,1191],{"class":350},[49,162373,347],{"class":346},[49,162375,71],{"class":63},[49,162377,357],{"class":346},[49,162379,7103],{"class":350},[49,162381,347],{"class":346},[49,162383,71],{"class":63},[49,162385,357],{"class":346},[49,162387,15243],{"class":350},[49,162389,347],{"class":346},[49,162391,82],{"class":63},[49,162393,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162395,3252],{"class":55},[49,162397,60],{"class":59},[49,162399,64],{"class":63},[49,162401,46016],{"class":67},[49,162403,71],{"class":63},[49,162405,357],{"class":346},[49,162407,12299],{"class":350},[49,162409,347],{"class":346},[49,162411,71],{"class":63},[49,162413,3346],{"class":3281},[49,162415,82],{"class":63},[49,162417,162418],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162419,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162421,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162423,8597],{"class":55},[49,162425,60],{"class":59},[49,162427,8602],{"class":1174},[49,162429,108],{"class":63},[49,162431,63673],{"class":104},[49,162433,108],{"class":63},[49,162435,16346],{"class":94},[49,162437,71],{"class":63},[49,162439,3316],{"class":94},[49,162441,1182],{"class":63},[49,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162445,105],{"class":104},[49,162447,108],{"class":63},[49,162449,8636],{"class":94},[49,162451,272],{"class":63},[528,162453,162455],{"id":162454},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[40,162457,162459],{"className":42,"code":162458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162460,162461,162481,162501,162505,162530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162464,79942],{"class":55},[49,162466,60],{"class":59},[49,162468,64],{"class":63},[49,162470,221],{"class":67},[49,162472,71],{"class":63},[49,162474,226],{"class":67},[49,162476,71],{"class":63},[49,162478,231],{"class":67},[49,162480,82],{"class":63},[49,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162484,79963],{"class":55},[49,162486,60],{"class":59},[49,162488,64],{"class":63},[49,162490,221],{"class":67},[49,162492,71],{"class":63},[49,162494,8738],{"class":67},[49,162496,71],{"class":63},[49,162498,231],{"class":67},[49,162500,82],{"class":63},[49,162502,162503],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162504,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162506,162507,162509,162511,162513,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162508,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162510,56169],{"class":55},[49,162512,71],{"class":63},[49,162514,162515],{"class":55}," b ",[49,162517,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162519,160859],{"class":104},[49,162521,108],{"class":63},[49,162523,111034],{"class":94},[49,162525,71],{"class":63},[49,162527,80006],{"class":94},[49,162529,7773],{"class":63},[49,162531,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162533,7501],{"class":104},[49,162535,108],{"class":63},[49,162537,543],{"class":94},[49,162539,4119],{"class":59},[49,162541,1990],{"class":94},[49,162543,272],{"class":63},[20,162545,275],{},[40,162547,162549],{"className":42,"code":162548,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162550,162551,162555,162559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162552,162553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162554,3410],{"class":3281},[49,162556,162557],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162558,3471],{"class":3281},[49,162560,162561],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162562,3410],{"class":3281},[528,162564,162566],{"id":162565},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[40,162568,162570],{"className":42,"code":162569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162571,162572,162607,162630,162634,162661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162573,162574,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162594,162596,162598,162600,162603,162605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162575,162576],{"class":55},"products ",[49,162578,60],{"class":59},[49,162580,64],{"class":63},[49,162582,347],{"class":346},[49,162584,24563],{"class":350},[49,162586,347],{"class":346},[49,162588,71],{"class":63},[49,162590,357],{"class":346},[49,162592,162593],{"class":350},"Pen",[49,162595,347],{"class":346},[49,162597,71],{"class":63},[49,162599,357],{"class":346},[49,162601,162602],{"class":350},"Bag",[49,162604,347],{"class":346},[49,162606,82],{"class":63},[49,162608,162609,162611,162613,162615,162618,162620,162623,162625,162628],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162610,82332],{"class":55},[49,162612,60],{"class":59},[49,162614,64],{"class":63},[49,162616,162617],{"class":67},"12.5",[49,162619,71],{"class":63},[49,162621,162622],{"class":67}," 1.2",[49,162624,71],{"class":63},[49,162626,162627],{"class":67}," 25.0",[49,162629,82],{"class":63},[49,162631,162632],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162633,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162635,162636,162638,162640,162642,162645,162647,162649,162651,162654,162656,162659],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162637,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162639,24624],{"class":55},[49,162641,71],{"class":63},[49,162643,162644],{"class":55}," price ",[49,162646,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162648,160859],{"class":104},[49,162650,108],{"class":63},[49,162652,162653],{"class":94},"products",[49,162655,71],{"class":63},[49,162657,162658],{"class":94}," prices",[49,162660,7773],{"class":63},[49,162662,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162664,7501],{"class":104},[49,162666,108],{"class":63},[49,162668,21716],{"class":1497},[49,162670,347],{"class":350},[49,162672,8710],{"class":67},[49,162674,26432],{"class":94},[49,162676,21725],{"class":67},[49,162678,162679],{"class":350}," costs $",[49,162681,8710],{"class":67},[49,162683,24572],{"class":94},[49,162685,21725],{"class":67},[49,162687,347],{"class":350},[49,162689,272],{"class":63},[20,162691,36024,162692,91],{},[308,162693,162695],{"href":162694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[35,162697,162699,162700],{"id":162698},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162701,63603],{},[528,162703,1011,162705,162707],{"id":162704},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162706,63603],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162709,162710,162712],{},[15,162711,63603],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162714,162715],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[40,162717,162719],{"className":42,"code":162718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162720,162721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162724,105],{"class":104},[49,162726,108],{"class":63},[49,162728,10592],{"class":104},[49,162730,108],{"class":63},[49,162732,111034],{"class":94},[49,162734,8665],{"class":63},[49,162736,37809],{"class":104},[49,162738,108],{"class":63},[49,162740,80229],{"class":94},[49,162742,1182],{"class":63},[528,162744,162746],{"id":162745},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162748,68120],{},[40,162750,162752],{"className":42,"code":162751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162753,162754,162790,162794,162807,162817,162821,162833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162755,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162757,8647],{"class":55},[49,162759,60],{"class":59},[49,162761,160859],{"class":104},[49,162763,2418],{"class":63},[49,162765,68],{"class":67},[49,162767,71],{"class":63},[49,162769,74],{"class":67},[49,162771,17484],{"class":63},[49,162773,64],{"class":63},[49,162775,347],{"class":346},[49,162777,308],{"class":350},[49,162779,347],{"class":346},[49,162781,71],{"class":63},[49,162783,357],{"class":346},[49,162785,360],{"class":350},[49,162787,347],{"class":346},[49,162789,3319],{"class":63},[49,162791,162792],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162793,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162795,162796,162798,162800,162802,162805],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162797,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162799,5394],{"class":55},[49,162801,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162803,162804],{"class":55}," pairs",[49,162806,5826],{"class":63},[49,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162810,7501],{"class":104},[49,162812,108],{"class":63},[49,162814,22733],{"class":94},[49,162816,272],{"class":63},[49,162818,162819],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162820,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162822,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831],{"class":51,"line":413},[49,162824,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162826,5394],{"class":55},[49,162828,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162830,162804],{"class":55},[49,162832,5826],{"class":63},[49,162834,162835,162837,162839,162841],{"class":51,"line":602},[49,162836,7501],{"class":104},[49,162838,108],{"class":63},[49,162840,22733],{"class":94},[49,162842,272],{"class":63},[20,162844,162845],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[528,162847,162849],{"id":162848},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162851,162852],{},"This is correct:",[40,162854,162856],{"className":42,"code":162855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162857,162858,162882,162898,162902,162926],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162859,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162861,4425],{"class":55},[49,162863,60],{"class":59},[49,162865,64],{"class":63},[49,162867,347],{"class":346},[49,162869,12299],{"class":350},[49,162871,347],{"class":346},[49,162873,71],{"class":63},[49,162875,357],{"class":346},[49,162877,35363],{"class":350},[49,162879,347],{"class":346},[49,162881,82],{"class":63},[49,162883,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162885,4494],{"class":55},[49,162887,60],{"class":59},[49,162889,64],{"class":63},[49,162891,12922],{"class":67},[49,162893,71],{"class":63},[49,162895,12927],{"class":67},[49,162897,82],{"class":63},[49,162899,162900],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,162901,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,162905,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162907,35414],{"class":55},[49,162909,71],{"class":63},[49,162911,4536],{"class":55},[49,162913,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162915,160859],{"class":104},[49,162917,108],{"class":63},[49,162919,4469],{"class":94},[49,162921,71],{"class":63},[49,162923,4541],{"class":94},[49,162925,7773],{"class":63},[49,162927,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938],{"class":51,"line":263},[49,162929,7501],{"class":104},[49,162931,108],{"class":63},[49,162933,7103],{"class":94},[49,162935,71],{"class":63},[49,162937,130147],{"class":94},[49,162939,272],{"class":63},[20,162941,162942],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[40,162944,162946],{"className":42,"code":162945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162947,162948,162968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162949,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162951,5391],{"class":3306},[49,162953,5394],{"class":55},[49,162955,3313],{"class":3306},[49,162957,160859],{"class":104},[49,162959,108],{"class":63},[49,162961,4469],{"class":94},[49,162963,71],{"class":63},[49,162965,4541],{"class":94},[49,162967,7773],{"class":63},[49,162969,162970,162972,162974,162976],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,162971,7501],{"class":104},[49,162973,108],{"class":63},[49,162975,22733],{"class":94},[49,162977,272],{"class":63},[20,162979,275],{},[40,162981,162983],{"className":42,"code":162982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162984,162985,163001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162986,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162988,108],{"class":63},[49,162990,2734],{"class":346},[49,162992,12299],{"class":350},[49,162994,2734],{"class":346},[49,162996,71],{"class":63},[49,162998,19321],{"class":67},[49,163000,272],{"class":63},[49,163002,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,163004,108],{"class":63},[49,163006,2734],{"class":346},[49,163008,35363],{"class":350},[49,163010,2734],{"class":346},[49,163012,71],{"class":63},[49,163014,12927],{"class":67},[49,163016,272],{"class":63},[20,163018,163019],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[528,163021,1092,163023,163025,163026],{"id":163022},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163024,63603],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163027,35171],{},[20,163029,120,163030,163032],{},[15,163031,63603],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163034,120,163035,163037],{},[15,163036,35171],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[40,163039,163040],{"className":42,"code":35340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,163041,163042,163074,163078,163098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163045,4425],{"class":55},[49,163047,60],{"class":59},[49,163049,64],{"class":63},[49,163051,347],{"class":346},[49,163053,12299],{"class":350},[49,163055,347],{"class":346},[49,163057,71],{"class":63},[49,163059,357],{"class":346},[49,163061,35363],{"class":350},[49,163063,347],{"class":346},[49,163065,71],{"class":63},[49,163067,357],{"class":346},[49,163069,35372],{"class":350},[49,163071,347],{"class":346},[49,163073,82],{"class":63},[49,163075,163076],{"class":51,"line":85},[49,163077,244],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":243},[49,163079,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":51,"line":101},[49,163081,5391],{"class":3306},[49,163083,35243],{"class":55},[49,163085,71],{"class":63},[49,163087,35391],{"class":55},[49,163089,3313],{"class":3306},[49,163091,35253],{"class":104},[49,163093,108],{"class":63},[49,163095,4469],{"class":94},[49,163097,7773],{"class":63},[49,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110],{"class":51,"line":258},[49,163101,7501],{"class":104},[49,163103,108],{"class":63},[49,163105,35268],{"class":94},[49,163107,71],{"class":63},[49,163109,35414],{"class":94},[49,163111,272],{"class":63},[20,163113,163114,163115,91],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[308,163116,3010,163117,2943],{"href":91307},[15,163118,35171],{},[35,163120,1253],{"id":1252},[528,163122,4573,163124,4576],{"id":163123},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163125,63603],{},[20,163127,163128],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[528,163130,1257,163132,163134],{"id":163131},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163133,63603],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163136,163137],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[528,163139,163141,163142,1284],{"id":163140},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163143,63603],{},[20,163145,163146,163147,91],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163148,161754],{},[528,163150,163152,163153,1284],{"id":163151},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163154,63603],{},[20,163156,127512,163157,163159],{},[15,163158,161907],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[528,163161,163163],{"id":163162},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163165,163166],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[35,163168,1309],{"id":1308},[137,163170,163171,163176,163182,163186,163190],{},[140,163172,163173],{},[308,163174,163175],{"href":162694},"How to use zip in Python",[140,163177,163178],{},[308,163179,3010,163180,2943],{"href":91307},[15,163181,35171],{},[140,163183,163184],{},[308,163185,4647],{"href":5019},[140,163187,163188],{},[308,163189,68973],{"href":68896},[140,163191,163192],{},[308,163193,31683],{"href":30508},[1352,163195,163196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":163198},[163199,163200,163202,163203,163204,163205,163213,163219,163228,163239],{"id":1433,"depth":85,"text":1434},{"id":160918,"depth":85,"text":163201},"What zip() does",{"id":163,"depth":85,"text":164},{"id":161311,"depth":85,"text":161312},{"id":161488,"depth":85,"text":161489},{"id":161740,"depth":85,"text":163206,"children":163207},"Converting zip() output",[163208,163210,163212],{"id":161751,"depth":101,"text":163209},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161904,"depth":101,"text":163211},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162074,"depth":101,"text":162075},{"id":40468,"depth":85,"text":40469,"children":163214},[163215,163216,163217,163218],{"id":162236,"depth":101,"text":162237},{"id":162353,"depth":101,"text":162354},{"id":162454,"depth":101,"text":162455},{"id":162565,"depth":101,"text":162566},{"id":162698,"depth":85,"text":163220,"children":163221},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163222,163224,163225,163226],{"id":162704,"depth":101,"text":163223},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162745,"depth":101,"text":162746},{"id":162848,"depth":101,"text":162849},{"id":163022,"depth":101,"text":163227},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1252,"depth":85,"text":1253,"children":163229},[163230,163232,163234,163236,163238],{"id":163123,"depth":101,"text":163231},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163131,"depth":101,"text":163233},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163140,"depth":101,"text":163235},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163151,"depth":101,"text":163237},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163162,"depth":101,"text":163163},{"id":1308,"depth":85,"text":1309},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160760,"description":163240},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944838967]